Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Small-scale manufacture

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Small-scale manufacture”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 1 lutego 2022

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Small-scale manufacture"

Laird, Trevor. "Continuous Processes in Small-Scale Manufacture." Organic Process Research & Development 11, no. 6 (November 2007): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/op700233e.

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El-Bakry, M., E. Duggan, E. D. O'Riordan, and M. O'Sullivan. "Small scale imitation cheese manufacture using a Farinograph." LWT - Food Science and Technology 43, no. 7 (September 2010): 1079–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2010.02.013.

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Mahmudova, Nilufar Gulomjonovna. "Value Of Local Resources In Increase Of Potential Of Small-Scale Business And Business." American Journal of Applied sciences 03, no. 04 (April 29, 2021): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume03issue04-15.

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Small-scale business and business has great value in economic potential of each state. Uses of local resources in activity of small-scale business and business provides their efficiency. Possibility of manufacture of the competitive goods is as a result provided. In article on the basis of theoretical and analytical materials the basic directions of increase of efficiency of small-scale business and business with use of local resources are defined.

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Kapoor, R., and L. E. Metzger. "Small-Scale Manufacture of Process Cheese Using a Rapid Visco Analyzer." Journal of Dairy Science 88, no. 10 (October 2005): 3382–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)73022-8.

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Gardiner, Alicia, Paul Daly, Roger Domingo-Roca, James F. C. Windmill, Andrew Feeney, and Joseph C. Jackson-Camargo. "Additive Manufacture of Small-Scale Metamaterial Structures for Acoustic and Ultrasonic Applications." Micromachines 12, no. 6 (May 29, 2021): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12060634.

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Acoustic metamaterials are large-scale materials with small-scale structures. These structures allow for unusual interaction with propagating sound and endow the large-scale material with exceptional acoustic properties not found in normal materials. However, their multi-scale nature means that the manufacture of these materials is not trivial, often requiring micron-scale resolution over centimetre length scales. In this review, we bring together a variety of acoustic metamaterial designs and separately discuss ways to create them using the latest trends in additive manufacturing. We highlight the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques that act as barriers towards the development of realisable acoustic metamaterials for practical audio and ultrasonic applications and speculate on potential future developments.

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Chen, Chui Xin, and Yang Hong Mao. "Design and Manufacture of Ultra-Small Chip Power Inductor." Advanced Materials Research 705 (June 2013): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.705.359.

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Ultra-small Chip Power Inductors play an important role in the new TFT-LCD, OLED and other display equipment and other high-end electronic equipment, there are many problems in the traditional power inductors,design and manufacture the small inductor has a very important significance, from small-scale processing, positioning assembly processing, and combine surface and the point welding processing, a whole forming handle, bulk welding and bulk dispensing processing six aspects in designing and manufacturing, practice has proved that take this design, suitable for mass production, can greatly improve the productive efficiency.

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Zhang, Hua Ling, Takehiko Makino, Kuniaki Dohda, and Jian Cao. "Production of Small Pin by Micro/Meso-Scale Rotary Forming." Materials Science Forum 614 (March 2009): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.614.105.

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Micro/meso-scale (from 0.1 to 10mm) metal parts are required in electronics and medical field in recent years. Rotary forming is one of possible methods to manufacture micro axial-symmetry parts. In rotary forming, the materials are rotated and compressed in radial directions. In order to investigate the basic deformation mechanism, flat dies are used. The pins with diameters of 0.3 to 0.8mm are used to clarify the effect of size of pins on deformation behavior. Additionally, the effect of lubrication conditions on the forming process is examined. It is considered that size effects in friction behavior are recognized to be large in micro/meso-scale rotary forming.

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Spennemann, Dirk HR. "Bourgeois Aspirations: A biographical sketch of Hector Ledru, manufacturer and inventor (1798 to 1876)." Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte 62, no. 2 (September 4, 2017): 257–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zug-2017-1001.

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Abstract:During the first half of the nineteenth century, the French economy underwent a major technological change, with small and medium-scale entrepreneurs driving the industrialisation by developing and exploiting new technologies. This paper examines the life of one such entrepreneur, Hector Ledru (ca. 1798 to 1876), who started out in the sugar industry of the post Napoleonic era. He soon morphed into an entrepreneur exploiting patents in the manufacture of wooden barrel manufacture, galvanised iron and metal pipes, before he settled on the manufacture and installation of central heating systems. Ledru serves as an example of the archetypical small and later medium-scale entrepreneur making his way in post Napoleonic France, never reaching national fame, but all the way adjusting to the various social and economic circumstances.

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Sadokha, M. A., and S. L. Rovin. ". Increasing the efficiency of casting manufacture in small-scale and single-unit production." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 3 (October 20, 2020): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2020-3-10-14.

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Foundry is a multidisciplinary industry of engineering, providing cast blanks from various metals and alloys. The seriality of production has a great impact on the efficiency and quality of the castings being received. Single-unit and small-scale foundry production is an important part of modern engineering. Structural analysis of casting technology is presented in the article, individual technological changes are considered both in terms of impact on the efficiency of casting, and in terms of high quality assurance at minimal cost. Taking into account the need for a single-unit and small-scale casting in the fl xibility of the processes, schemes of organization of technological preparation of production and technological equipment are proposed. Examples of the equipment used are given.

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Almalky, Sumaiah. "Application of HACCP on the small-scale manufacture of a food product (pudding)." FASEB Journal 30 (April 2016): 905.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.905.1.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Small-scale manufacture"

Bruce, Anna Gabrielle Photovoltaics &amp Renewable Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Capability building for the manufacture of photovoltaic system components in developing countries." Awarded By:University of New South Wales. Photovoltaics & Renewable Energy Engineering, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41861.

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The manufacture of photovoltaic (PV) system components has a role to play in the industrialisation and poverty reduction strategies of developing countries. It has also been suggested that small scale local manufacture of balance of systems components has the potential to improve the maintenance, installation and use of the technology. However, PV is a complex technology and most developing countries have not been able to build the capabilities required to manufacture PV system components of an appropriate quality and price, either in the modern or small scale sectors. The factors that determine the success of PV manufacturers in developing countries are therefore of interest. Previous studies on learning in the PV industry have been focused on industry-wide concerns and have not explicitly addressed enterprise-level capability building or challenges specific to developing countries. In particular, there has been very little published about small scale PV manufacture. This thesis therefore aims to improve understanding of the factors that influence capability building, with a view to assisting decision making in relation to PV manufacture in developing countries. The aims of the study have been fulfilled by the development and assessment of a software simulation training tool for PV cell production line engineers, the development of an analysis framework, and application of it to several case study PV enterprises. Through the application of the framework to the case studies, it has been possible to assess the role of software simulations, the suitability of countries with different types of infrastructure for hosting PV manufacturing and the institutional arrangements or interventions that could be used to promote capability building for PV manufacturers in developing countries. While further case studies are required to make more than tentative conclusions, the framework developed and tested in this thesis may now be used as a tool to systematically and rapidly analyse the appropriateness of different types of PV manufacture in particular countries, to identify the weaknesses in their PV technological systems and therefore to suggest where resources should be invested and where appropriate institutional changes could be made. The simulation software has been demonstrated to be an effective capability building tool, thus providing one of the key elements required for successful manufacturing.

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Purwanto, Erwan Agus. "Ups and downs in rural Javanese industry the dynamics of work and life of small-scale garment manufacturers and their families /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/77633.

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Książki na temat "Small-scale manufacture"

Hansen, Bruce G. Low-cost opportunity for small-scale manufacture of hardwood blanks. [Broomall, Pa.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1985.

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Hansen, Bruce G. Low-cost opportunity for small-scale manufacture of hardwood blanks. [Broomall, Pa.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1985.

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Hansen, Bruce G. Low-cost opportunity for small-scale manufacture of hardwood blanks. [Broomall, Pa.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1985.

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Hansen, Bruce G. Low-cost opportunity for small-scale manufacture of hardwood blanks. [Broomall, Pa.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1985.

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Hansen, Bruce G. Low-cost opportunity for small-scale manufacture of hardwood blanks. [Broomall, Pa.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1985.

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Thake, Jeremy. The micro-hydro Pelton turbine manual: Design, manufacture and installation for small-scale hydropower. London: ITDG Pub., 2000.

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McCormick, Dorothy. Risk and firm growth: The dilemma of Nairobi's small-scale manufacturers. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1993.

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Canela, Eduardo Q. Production management for small- and medium-scale furniture manufactures: A manual for developing countries. Vienna: United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1992.

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Umara, Baba. Transportation in rural Nigeria and the development of simply manufactured rolling-element bearings for small scale rural vehicles. [s.l.]: typescript, 1992.

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Ups and downs in rural Javanese industry: The dynamics of work and life of small-scale garment manufacturers and their families. Gowok, Yogyakarta: Grha Guru, 2005.

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Części książek na temat "Small-scale manufacture"

Azam-Ali, Sue, Emma Judge, Peter Fellows, and Mike Battcock. "Manufacturers Directory." In Small-Scale Food Processing, 209–30. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780441368.008.

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Vieider, G., P. Chappuis, R. Duwe, R. Jakeman, M. Merola, H. D. Pacher, L. Plöchl, et al. "MANUFACTURE AND TESTING OF SMALL-SCALE MOCK-UPS FOR THE ITER DIVERTOR." In Fusion Technology 1996, 275–78. Elsevier, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-82762-3.50039-2.

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Bonvillian, William B., and Peter L. Singer. "Start-up Scale-up: Addressing the Manufacturing Challenge for Start-ups." In Advanced Manufacturing. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262037037.003.0007.

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This chapter looks at a new but related problem: start-up scale-up. There is an additional and compounding innovation gap problem affecting start-ups that need to manufacture their products. While the advanced manufacturing institute model detailed in the previous chapter addresses innovation at large, midsize, and small manufacturing firms, to date it has largely focused on existing firms and has not encompassed new entrepreneurial start-ups. These start-up firms face not only an early-stage technology development gap, but also a production scale-up gap. Start-up scale-up is a problem in general, and particularly for manufacturing start-ups. This third category of firms, then, comprises the start-up and entrepreneurial firms that manufacture products based on their own new innovative technologies, typically emerging from university research centers.

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"Small-scale Cogeneration Manufacturers." In Small-Scale Cogeneration Handbook. Fairmont Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780824747558.ch13.

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Kolanowski, Bernard F. "Small-scale Cogeneration Manufacturers." In Small-scale Cogeneration Handbook, 87–96. River Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003151661-13.

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Wood, D. A. "Solar Energy and its Multiple Applications." In Materials Research Foundations, 134–48. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901410-6.

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Solar energy is commercially exploited to provide benefits in the form of various products and capabilities applying a range of technologies. Electricity generation is achieved either directly from photovoltaic cells made of various materials or indirectly through the steam production from concentrating solar thermal systems. Whereas solar thermal power generation requires large scale plants, photovoltaic systems can be large or small in scale and building integrated, if required. Both types of generation can be standalone or connected to power grids. Solar energy is also extensively used for water and space heating, cooling and drying purposes. It can also be stored and/or transformed into a range of clean fuels and contributes energy to the manufacture of various energy-intensive products. The research into the artificial photosynthetic synthesis of biofuels although encouraging is, however, yet to be achieved commercially exploited on a large scale. Much scope remains for innovative technology breakthroughs to further improve the efficiency and uptake of all the solar energy technologies currently exploited or under investigation. Policy frameworks, renewable portfolio standards, feed-in tariffs and net-metering play an important and ongoing role in promoting the uptake of photovoltaics in particular.

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Wright, Hazel R., Paulette Luff, and Cahide Sevgi Emre. "Early Childhood Play With Reclaimed Resources." In Advances in Early Childhood and K-12 Education, 164–83. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5167-6.ch011.

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Sustainable play practices offer many benefits to young children, developmental and cultural, and these are examined in an English context. The authors claim a shared European heritage for children's play practices; one that has been eroded with the commodification of play materials, the manufacture of commercial toys and games accessible only to the wealthy child. After demonstrating the value of education for sustainable development, the chapter considers how reclaimed resources can be used to promote this end. It discusses a small-scale research project that visited four English early years settings to see whether and how the staff followed sustainable principles. It was found that the approaches of the four settings varied considerably, using resources that spanned the spectrum from commercial to natural, and concluded that more should/could be done to encourage play with reclaimed materials to set children on the path to greater environmental awareness and intercultural harmony.

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Wright, Hazel R., Paulette Luff, and Cahide Sevgi Emre. "Early Childhood Play With Reclaimed Resources." In Early Childhood Development, 166–85. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7507-8.ch009.

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Mazongonda, Simbarashe Show, and Innocent Chirisa. "Spatiality, Clustering, and the Agglomeration Economies of Scale." In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 224–47. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4165-3.ch013.

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This chapter is based on a study that tests the realities of agglomeration economies of scale due to clustering of small-scale manufacturing firms of the informal type in Zimbabwe. Little has been studied on how the informal sector thrives on agglomeration economies of scale in developing countries. Despite this lack of research, this chapter acknowledges the existence of strong networks among small-scale manufacturers in urban Zimbabwe. These linkages, contrary to practices within large-scale manufacturers, are cemented by strong ties of entrepreneurialism. With big manufacturers, the ties are usually worker-based and less defined along entrepreneurial lines. Using spatial statistical approach, the test revealed that tool sharing, output-input relationship, employment creation, and sharing of knowledge economies of scale are also evident in developing countries.

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Wrigley, Paul, Paul Wood, Sam O’Neill, Richard Hall, and Daniel Robertson. "Factory Manufactured Modular Construction of Process Plants." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210039.

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Off-Site Modular Construction (OSMC) research has been a growing research area over the past two decades because of low productivity in construction. Tools are superior in factories and productivity is much higher compared to a stick built site. This has spawned the development small, factory built, rapidly deployable and flexible process plants to take advantage of the gains in OSMC productivity. Chemical process plant research is studying fast, automated design and configuration. In this paper, a literature review was performed on modular factory manufactured process plants. The literature review found that moving to small scale OSMC plant systems could enable cost and schedule savings and months of design time compared to the previous on-site assembly design. It was also found that while automation has been applied in earlier stages of the plant design process, a layout optimisation methodology has not been applied to small OSMC process plants. The paper then proposes to utilise a mathematical layout optimisation model to help design and construct modular process plants and considers how this may fit into the process plant design process, as well as considering the transport requirements for modules.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Small-scale manufacture"

Leman, A. M., Syafiq Muzarpar, Roswady Wahab, and Dafit Feriyanto. "Improvement of production mechanism of animal feed production for small and medium scale production plant." In GREEN DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE: ADVANCED AND EMERGING APPLICATIONS: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Green Design and Manufacture 2018. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5066727.

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Williams, J. A., and K. L. D. Faszer. "Tribological Properties of MEMS Materials Measured on a Small-Scale Device." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63211.

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Micro-electro-mechanical systems, MEMS, is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary technology within the general field of Micro-Systems Technology which deals with the design and manufacture of miniaturised machines with major dimensions at the scale of tens, to perhaps hundreds, of microns. Because they depend on the cube of a representative dimension, component masses and inertias rapidly become small as size decreases whereas surface and tribological effects, which often depend on area, become increasingly important. Although MEMS components and their areas of contact are small, tribological conditions, measured by contact pressures or acceptable wear rates, are demanding and technical and commercial success will require careful measurement and precise control of surface topography and properties. Fabrication of small numbers of MEMS devices designed to test potential material combinations can be prohibitively expensive and thus there is a need for small scale test facilities which mimic the contact conditions within a micro-machine without themselves requiring processing within a full semiconductor foundry. The talk will illustrate some initial experimental results from a small-scale experimental device which meets these requirements, examining in particular the performance of Diamond-Like-Carbon coatings on a silicon substrate.

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Ridge, Isabel, Philip Smedley, and Roger Hobbs. "Effects of Twist on Chain Strength and Fatigue Performance: Small Scale Test Results." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49206.

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Mooring chain can twist in response to torque generated in the adjacent elements of a mooring, or even be inadvertently installed in a twisted condition. This paper explores the effect of initial twist on the static strength and fatigue life of studless chain. It reports test results for 16mm studless chain (with similar proportions as the much larger chains now employed in hydrocarbon production vessels) with known levels of initial twist subject to axial tensile loading. Twist levels of up to 24° per link were examined. The results were generally better than had been expected. There was little scatter in the results, giving confidence in the test procedures. The effect of initial twist on static strength was modest, with a maximum strength loss of about 4% at 18° twist per link. The effects of initial twist on fatigue life were also small. Indeed, some twist seemed to improve fatigue performance, perhaps because the contact between links was displaced from the region of high residual (compressive and tensile) stress resulting from proof loading during manufacture. While the results of these small scale tests suggest that twist levels up to 24° per link were not detrimental, other practical reasons remain for continuing to minimize twist in mooring chain. Furthermore, caution should be applied in extrapolating these results to predict the effect of twist in full scale offshore mooring chains.

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Fredrickson, Alexander S., Anthony G. Pollman, Anthony J. Gannon, and Walter C. Smith. "Selection of a Heat Exchanger for a Small-Scale Liquid Air Energy Storage System." In ASME 2021 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2021-60523.

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Abstract This paper presents the results of a theoretical analysis of a heat exchanger design for the challenging application of a small-scale modified Linde-Hampson cycle liquid air energy storage system (LAESS). A systems engineering approach was taken to determine the best heat exchanger alternative for incorporation into an existing LAESS. Two primary heat exchanger designs were analyzed and compared: a finned tube heat exchanger (FTHE) design and a printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) design. These designs were chosen as alternatives due to the gas-to-gas cooling that occurs in the heat exchanger, and material selection was based on the requirement for the heat exchanger to withstand the cryogenic temperatures required for the system to produce liquid nitrogen. Thermodynamic analysis was conducted using the ε-NTU method and fin theory to determine the dimensional requirements for the finned tube heat exchanger and a trade-off study was conducted to compare the alternatives. Based on the results from the study, the PCHE was the preferred alternative due to an inherent small footprint, comparable cost to manufacture, simple integration into the LAESS and inherent safety features that are critical when working with high pressure systems. Future work will include subsystem and system integration and testing to obtain a consistently functional prototype that produces liquid nitrogen.

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Petrov, Miroslav P., Jens Fridh, Ake Göransson, and Torsten H. Fransson. "High-Speed Steam Turbine Systems for Small-Scale Power Generation Applications." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-54556.

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Energy utilization from low-grade fuels of either fossil or renewable origin, or from medium-temperature heat sources such as solar, industrial waste heat, or small nuclear reactors, for small-scale power generation via steam cycles, can be reasonably enhanced by a simple technology shift. This study evaluates the technical feasibility of a compact power generation package comprising a steam turbine directly coupled to a high-speed alternator delivering around 8–12 MW of electrical power. Commercial or research-phase high-speed electrical generators at MW-scale are reviewed, and a basic thermodynamic design and flow-path analysis of a steam turbine able to drive such a generator is attempted. High-speed direct drives are winning new grounds due to their abilities to be speed-controlled and to avoid the gearbox otherwise typical for small system drivetrains. These two features may offer a reasonable advantage to conventional drives in terms of higher reliability and better economy. High-speed alternators with related power electronics are nowadays becoming increasingly available for the MW-size market. A generic 8 to 12 MW synchronous alternator running respectively at 15,000 to 10,000 rpm, have been used as a reference for evaluating the fundamental design of a directly coupled steam turbine prime mover. The moderate steam parameter concept suits well for converting mid-temperature thermal energy into electrical power with the help of low-tech steam cycles, allowing for distributed electricity production at reasonable costs and efficiency. Steam superheat temperatures below 350°C (660°F) at pressures of maximum 20 bar would keep the steam volumetric flow sufficiently high in order to restrain the turbine losses typical for small-scale turbines, while helping also with simpler certification and safety procedures and using primarily established technology and standard components. The proposed steam turbines designs and their characteristics thereof have been evaluated by computer simulations using the in-house code ProSteam and its sub-procedures AXIAL and VaxCalc, by courtesy of Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery and its steam turbine division located in Finspong, Sweden. The first results from this study show that high-speed steam turbines of the proposed size and type are possible to design and manufacture based on conventional components, and can be expected to deliver a very satisfactory performance at variable power output.

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Éster Beck, Klünger Arthur, Jean-Marc Lafay, and Francisco Augusto Aparecido Gomes. "DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF A SMALL-SCALE GAMMA-TYPE STIRLING ENGINE PROTOTYPE AND ANALYSIS OF EFFICIENCY AND POWER USING FIRST-ORDER DESIGN METHODS." In 25th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2019.cob2019-2345.

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Cho, Joon Hyong, Guoao Sun, and Michael Cullinan. "A Method to Manufacture Repeatible Graphene-Based NEMS Devices at the Wafer-Scale." In ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2016-8567.

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One of the major challenges in producing highly accurate graphene-based nanoelectromechanical (NEMS) resonators is the poor fabrication repeatability of graphene-based NEMS devices due to small variations in the residual stress and initial tension of the graphene film. This has meant that graphene-based nanoelectromechanical resonators tend to have large variations in natural frequency and quality factor from device to device. This poor repeatability makes it impossible to use these resonators to make accurate, high-precision force and displacement sensors or electromechanical filters. However, by actively controlling the tension on the graphene resonator it is possible both to increase repeatability between devices and to increase the force/mass sensitivity of the nanoelectromechanical resonators produced. Such tension control makes it possible to produce electrometrical filters that can be precisely tuned over a frequency range of up to several orders-of-magnitude. In order to controllably strain the graphene resonator, a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) is be used to apply tension to the graphene. The MEMS device consists of a graphene resonator connected between a set of gold electrodes. Each gold electrode is located on a different MEMS stage. Each stage is connected to a set of flexural bearings which are used to guide the motion of the stage. The displacement stage is actuated using a thermal actuator that allows a uniform and constant tension to be applied to the graphene resonator. The displacement of the actuator and the tension applied to the graphene are measured using a pair of differential capacitive actuators. The resonator is actuated electrostatically using the electrical back gate, and the resonant frequency is measured from the change in conductance of the graphene as it approaches resonance. Using this setup, it is possible to tune the natural frequency of the graphene resonator with high precision and accuracy. In addition to designing devices that can compensate for manufacturing errors in nanomanufactured devices, this paper will present several methods that can greatly expand the scope and rate at which nanomaterials-based devices can be fabricated. For example, this paper will present a transfer-free, wafer-scale manufacturing process that can be used to produce suspended graphene-based devices such as the graphene-based NEMS resonators. This new method involves the growth of graphene directly on the device wafer and release of the graphene-based device through etching of the copper catalyst layer. This method replaces traditional graphene fabrication methods, such as mechanical exfoliation, electron beam lithography, or transfer from copper foils, which are slow and require a transfer step that is the source of much of inconsistency in suspended graphene-based devices. Therefore, these new transfer-free, wafer-scale fabrication methods offer the potential to increase the throughput, yield, and repeatability of manufacturing processes for graphene resonators while reducing manufacturing costs and complexity.

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Liu, Shiqing, Sunny Chan, Ho Ching, Tom Ching Kong, and Ruxu Du. "Development of a PC-Based Millimeter Scale CNC Turning Centre With Gear Hobbing Capability." In ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72311.

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Currently, a trend of extreme product miniaturization is particularly evident in sectors such as portable multimedia devices, communications, aerospace and biomedical devices. With increasing product compactness, the demand for precision miniature components is driven higher and higher and the ability to manufacture these components accurately, swiftly and cost effectively is critical for manufacturers to maintain market competitiveness. However, traditional machine tools become ineffective for cutting miniature components. This paper presents our efforts in developing a PC-based millimeter scale turning centre (referred to as MMT hereafter) with gear hobbing capability to machine miniature gears. The system architecture of our 2nd-gerneration MMT is given. In order to fine-tune the micro gear hobbing process to maximize the gear profile accuracy, the mechanics of the process must be thoroughly understood. In order to do so, a computer simulation tool is developed. The simulation procedure and simulation with different process defects are discussed in detail. Experiment results show that the machine is able to machine high quality components with diameter as small as 0.075 mm and hob gears with module as small as 0.3mm.

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Lu, Yuanwei, Yuting Wu, Chongfang Ma, and Xiaoying Mu. "The Manufacture and Performance Test of a Mini-Type Single Screw Compressor." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91515.

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With the development of very large scale integration, the chip heat dissipation is a problem that needs to be solved urgently. Vapor compression refrigeration system is a valid method to cool the electric chip. However, a particular challenge is to make a small and efficient gas compressor. In this paper, a mini-type single screw compressor was manufactured in Beijing University of Technology and a corresponding performance test system was set up. Experimental results show that the heat created by the single screw compressor is higher, which led to an extreme high exhaust temperature. An effective solution is to introduce the low temperature refrigerant from the condenser to the compressor directly to cool down the compressor. Based on this procedure, the compressor performance was measured experimentally. It was found that the condensing temperature, compressor rotation speed and refrigerant charge can affect the compressor performance noticeably and every affective factor has an optimal value. According to the optimal results, the compressor refrigerating capacity of 2.03 kW and system coefficient of performance (COP) of 2.24 was achieved at the evaporating temperature of 5 °C and condensing temperature of 32 °C. Those results can be a baseline for the further performance enhancement of the single screw compressor and can be a valid method for the cooling of large scale integration.

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Williams, John A. "Tribological Challenges in Small Devices." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59083.

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Micro-System Technology, which encompasses micro-electro-mechanical systems or MEMS, is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary technology dealing with the design and manufacture of miniaturised machines with major dimensions at the scale of tens, to perhaps hundreds, of microns. Because they depend on the cube of a representative dimension, component masses and inertias rapidly become small as size decreases whereas surface and tribological effects, which often depend on area, become increasingly important. Although our explanations of macroscopic tribological phenomena often involve individual events occurring at the micro-scale, when the overall component or device size is itself miniaturised it may be necessary to re-evaluate some conventional tribological solutions. While absolute loads are small in such micro-devices, tribological requirements, especially in terms of device longevity, which may be limited by wear rather than friction, are demanding and will need imaginative and novel solutions. Not only is the available material set limited by the fabrication process but, in addition, the resulting components which have small linear dimensions are not, by conventional standards, of high precision and this too can impact on their tribological behaviour.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Small-scale manufacture"

Hansen, Bruce G., and Philip A. Araman. Low-Cost Opportunity for Small-Scale Manufacture of Hardwood Blanks. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-559.

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