Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Slow Living”

As the pace of life in contemporary Western society accelerates, an increasing number of people are engaging in an alternative lifestyle: ‘Slow Living’. Although popular in the media, Slow Living, which addresses issues of quality of life, is a relatively new area of academic enquiry. Given a lack of empirical research, especially on the realities of the Slow Life in a New Zealand context, this ethnographic study aims to augment the knowledge on this lifestyle by focusing on how families experience Slow Living. The key research question is: How do families live their interpretations of a Slow Life? To answer this question, this study examined the everyday lives of five Slow Living families in Canterbury, New Zealand. Adult family members were given a time-use diary to complete over two days. These diaries were then used as a foundation for in-depth interviews and participant observation. Slow Living families hold to a number of personal values, such as personal agency, conscious living and leading meaningful lives. These comprise their ideal way of living. The families are also faced with a number of challenges and have to employ strategies to balance their ideal and what is possible. The different ways families adapt produces a variety of Slow Living lifestyles.

Thesis: M. Arch., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 115).
Experiential living is the new trend for future living. Whether it is through living in micro spaces, flexible units, mixed-use developments, practicing urban farming, or sharing lifestyles, these different trends of living intersects at the overlapping theme of experiential living. At the same time, Seoul is facing a final wave of 'retirement age' of the first generation of post-war urban housing apartments. Instead of the typical scrap-and-build urban renewal method (the culprit of the formation of 'apartment city', with over 60% of housing stock as apartments), is there an alternate method of urban redevelopment? This thesis investigates idea of small-scale urban renewal by integrating the idea of 'experiential slow living' in the existing low-rise, enclosed apartment community. Can this idea of transforming the ground level experience with slow food (productive landscapes) and slow craft (mixed-use living and shared spaces) become the alternative model for urban renewal that can be practiced throughout the city of apartments?
by Yihyun Lim.
M. Arch.

This thesis takes its departure in the view of modern society as being characterised by a heavy focus on efficiency and economic growth, and perception that everything is moving faster and faster in line with Hartmut Rosa´s theory of social acceleration. The effects of this can be seen in rising numbers of stress related sicknesses and mental health problems, as well as a heavy pressure on the earths resources to facilitate continued growth. The aim of the thesis is to investigate the challenges and possibilities for individuals in Sweden to slow down and live a simpler life in this context. Previous research suggests that slower lifestyles can be beneficial both for well-being and environmental sustainability reasons, so understanding the preconditions of this to be possible can be an important aspect when trying to plan for a sustainable future. The theoretical framework consists of the model of voluntary simplicity lifestyle by Osikominu and Bocken (2020), the theory of social acceleration by Rosa (2009) and selected writings on Social Change. The thesis is based on a thematic analysis of empiric material from individuals in Sweden who has transitioned to a slower and more simple lifestyle, generally in terms of working less, reducing their consumption and living closer no nature, and also are visible on social media, reaching out to many others as inspiration. The material consists of writings and recordings from the study-persons in the form of blog-posts and podcasts. The study could confirm that many parts of the VSL-model also were applicable and experienced in the Swedish context. Most participants had in common that their previous lifestyle was characterised by stress, pressure, and living according to others expectations, in line with Rosa´s theory of social acceleration. Their new slower and simpler lifestyles were a decision to follow their own path in life and start to value their time more. The challenges that could be recognised was the norm of working full-time, achievement values, living outside the norm, ethical dilemmas regarding consumption and, for those living on the countryside, transport and infrastructure. The possibilities most recognised were concerning their wellbeing, closely related to their possibility of finding time for recovery, as well as living more in contact with the environment. Social life appeared both as a challenge and a possibility.

Rats are predominantly viewed and understood as pests, vermin and a risk to human health. Yet little is known about rats in the urban space and the entangled relationships they have with humans and the environment. This dissertation elaborates on the multiple identities that are connotated to rats as well as the complex relationships they have with people residing in Site C, Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa - an African township comprising formal and informal housing areas on the outskirts of the city. Through locating these complex relationships and engaging with stories and experiences of people living in close proximity to rats, an image of the rat emerged, mirror-like, reflecting the realities of inequality and slow violence in the lives of people residing in Site C. To illustrate the nuances related to inequality and slow violence, this dissertation analyses the manner in which rats are controlled in the city of Cape Town and by whom, the polluted river in 'Island’ - an informal area in Site C, and how people negotiate living alongside rats, witchcraft and violence in the everyday. This dissertation argues that instead of focusing on rats as vermin, pests or a risk to human health, through 'following’ them and the complex entanglements they have with us as humans, we are able to learn about the realities that many people face; realities which are characterised by inequality and slow violence. The dissertation ultimately contributes to an ongoing debate about rat control policies in the city of Cape Town and suggests considerations which need to be made in order to address the violence against the rat and the violence against people residing in spaces such as Site C.

Dissertação de mestrado em Arquitectura.
Exame público realizado em 03 de Fevereiro de 2014.
Face a uma sociedade contemporânea que vive em constante aceleração, num mundo frenético e atarefado, onde o tempo livre e as relações sociais deixam de fazer sentido, é emergente a mudança do modo de vida deste indivíduo moderno. O culto pela velocidade tem vindo a ser incutida à sociedade ao longo dos tempos e é no desenho urbano, que se reflecte estas mudanças do modus vivendi. Assim, estudamos a temática do Slow Living e o seu papel na cidade como alternativa a esta de vivência contemporânea, tendo em conta os motivos do seu aparecimento e de que forma pode influenciar a sociedade a abrandar. A cidade transmite essa necessidade de velocidade da sociedade e sua dependência pelo automóvel, desta forma, deparamo-nos com espaços públicos desumanizados. Tendo em conta a problemática vivencial da sociedade moderna e a falta de vivência nos espaços públicos, entendemos como é possível qualificá-lo, nomeadamente a rua residencial, para fomentar o slow living e com isso atrair as pessoas para o exterior público. Partindo deste entendimento estudamos soluções arquitectónicas que demonstram as possibilidades de uma intervenção slow no espaço público. Na continuação do estudo desta temática, propomos um ensaio projectual, numa cidade média Portuguesa, onde desenvolvemos um modelo de rua residencial slow capaz de sugerir às pessoas uma vivência mais equilibrada e consequentemente garantir um espaço humanizado da cidade.
Faced with a contemporary society that lives in constant acceleration, in a busy and hectic world, where free time and social relations no longer make sense, is necessary to change the mode of life of the modern individual. The cult of the speed has been instilled into the sociely over time and is in the urban design that reflects these changes of modus vivendi. In consequence, we studied the theme of Slow Living in the city and its role as an alternative to this contemporary living, taking into account the reasons for their appearance and how they can influence society to slow down. The city transmits this need for speed of the society and its dependence on the automobile, for these reasons, we find public dehumanized space. Given the existential problematic of modern society and the lack of public experiences, we understand how to qualify it, focused in the residential street, to foster the slow living and with that attract people to the public space. From this understanding we studied architectural solutions that demonstrate the possibilities of a slow intervention in public space. In the further study of this issue, we propose a project-test, a Portuguese average city, where we develop a model of slow residential street that is able to suggest people a more balanced and consequently a humanized public space in the city.

Com a cidade como pano de fundo e maior fonte de inspiração, nasce um projeto com uma dinâmica muito própria, que se vai estruturando por meio de análise das vivências e hábitos contemporâneos, numa procura constante por responder às necessidades e anseios do Homem actual, que se define como flexível, impermanente e em constante movimento. Fruto destas práticas surgem de novo conceitos que se apresentam imponentes com o prefixo - Co: o Cohousing, o Coworking, o Co-sharing, o Coliving. Associados a estas experiências notamos a urgência em praticar o modo de vida mais brando e focado, mas sem descurar que a velocidade é também essencial, o objectivo é por isso alcançar o equilíbrio e perceber que a excelência resulta na perícia de os conciliar. As sinergias entre pessoas, culturas, conhecimentos, experiências e espaços são assim essenciais para revelar o conceito por detrás do projeto aqui proposto. De forma a adequar e responder a todas as necessidades de um programa tão extenso e desafiante, analisamos a articulação e permeabilidade entre os diferentes espaços como potenciadora de um habitar mais rico e completo, estudando como conceitos intuitivamente opostos como o interior/exterior, público/privado, limite/linear, na verdade se complementam e coexistem num diálogo reciproco estabelecendo entre si relações interessantes de cordialidade, de indiferença ou de ruptura total e promovem assim uma participação sensorial com a edificação e a envolvente, enriquecem o diálogo, permitem interpretações e associações, estimulam o contacto e enriquecem o quotidiano. Surge assim o Focus community, um projeto que pretende interpretar as necessidades e desejos traduzindo-os do conceito para a realidade construída.

Os espaços que habitamos, com o passar do tempo, têm sido contaminados por uma “velocidade”. Esta velocidade, ponto focal do estilo de vida contemporâneo, causa em nós a sensação de que 24 horas não são suficientes para fazer tudo o que queremos. Podemos identificar a revolução industrial como ponto de viragem, quando o aparecimento da máquina e a celeridade que esta trouxe tiveram um forte impacto no nosso quotidiano. Para contrariar este processo é necessário assegurar a qualidade dos ambientes que habitamos, a qualidade dos espaços, qualidade de vida e da imagem. É necessária uma apropriação por parte dos moradores para que entendam as habitações como uma extensão de si próprios. Slow Living, que significa algo pessoal para cada um de nós, demonstra que uma maneira forte de nos expressarmos é através das nossas casas. Este conceito propõe que se trabalhe somente com o mínimo indispensável à vida, no entanto, e esse é dos pontos referidos com mais veemência pelos seus precursores, defende ainda que se viva com intenção e com alma.

碩士
實踐大學
工業產品設計學系碩士班
103
Hand drip coffee is a Slow Living action, which is different from instantly getting a cup of coffee by pushing a button on a machine. Pour hot water with a dance-like rhythm, enjoy the mixture of coffee powders and water, and spend time waiting for this very personalized coffee. Slow Living means that we have to savor and experience every single detail in life, and since hand drip coffee conform to slow living, can the used devices be categorized as slow living products? When the dripper is no longer a funnel-like cup and just being a device, the product can also convey thoughts and guide the user’s psychological level, and then it can further deepen the connection between humans and things. Let hand drip coffee and the involved links match the meaning of Slow Living. In this study, learn the structure and the principle through the discussion with barista, confer the function of slow living products by literature review, then rethink and redefine the form of the coffee drip cone. Concepts of the creation in this study accord to the sense experience in the coffee-making process by observing. Then lead to three different faces of the drip cone design. Design 1 “Vase-Dripper”: By transforming the shape of the cone, increase the visual experience, and raise the existence of the cone in our lives. Design 2 “Donut-Dripper”: The concept comes from the connection between coffee and desserts, appears as a wood toy and shows childish, also shows more touch. Design 3 “Coffee-Tao”: Shows as the image of Oriental tea product, leads people being more concentrate and serious on the coffee-making process. After reviewing the work, we took the follow-up mass production into consideration and came up with a revised project.

碩士
實踐大學
產品與建築設計研究所
96
The modern quick living style brings great negative consequences to human being. The slow living movement means not only to slow down and spend leisure time, but also to be more focused on aspects like “balance between body and mind”, “relationship between human being and environment” and “transformation of Lebensfuhrung”; in this way, the user can build up personal and social values. Currently, there is no clear definition and concrete studies about slow-living oriented product design; therefore, this paper pretends, through studying and synthesizing the related literature resources, addresses the six refrences to designers, based on the former aspects of slow living, which can be applied to product design with such lifestyle content. The six references are: the enhancement of personal self-mastery and ability; the function of recreation; the transformation of Lebensfuhrung; the enjoyment of process and experience; the development of mentality mode; and, finally, the establishment of connection. This paper uses the six references mentioned above in case analyzation to conclude design direction from different levels in life into four points: (1) level of slow-working: products should assist users and improve concentration in their work scenario. (2) level of leisure: the more leisure scenario means a better development in “slow-living”; and, focusing on user experiences and user consciousness, allows users to enjoy the scenarios in a more relaxing way. (3) level of establishing connection: sharing an experience with others through an activity improves a better connection between each user, thus improving the Lebensfuhrung. (4) level of user educational development: this level establishes a more meaningful connection and reflects a positive external development by improving self-determination and capability, in-depth experience process, and psychological state of the product.

Dissertação de mestrado em Arquitectura.
Exame público realizado em 15 de Maio de 2017.
A presente dissertação ganha forma após uma extensa investigação e reflexão inerente à causalidade, entre o surgimento da industrialização e a consequente aceleração vivêncial que se tem verificado até aos dias de hoje. Com os efeitos da globalização cada vez mais vincados na sociedade actual, traduzidos pelo excesso de horas de trabalho e problemas de saúde, a necessidade de estabelecer mecanismos de combate a estas problemáticas torna-se portanto imperativo. Através de autores como Carl Honoré e António Coelho este nosso ensaio procura retractar a realidade actual da cidade de Amarante, nos seus quarteirões e como através da arquitectura aliada à temática Slow podemos criar “inputs” que visam melhorar as vertentes sociais, económicas e habitacionais de forma a simultaneamente mitigar a taxa de desemprego, despoletar determinados valores sociais que se têm vindo a perder e procurar melhorar a qualidade de vida da população residente, usufruindo de uma ”nova” vivência aferida na escala de quarteirão. A conceptualização da proposta baseou-se nos pressupostos do Slow Living, que consiste resumidamente num bem estar pessoal, familiar e em comunidade, através da junção de várias ferramentas inerentes ao Slow. A resultante consistiu na elaboração de um “master plan” onde estaria presente um parque ecológico associado a um quarteirão habitacional para os operários da principal zona industrial da cidade de Amarante de forma a melhorar o rendimento e qualidade de vida, resultando em futuros investimentos e consequentemente novos quarteirões Slow Living, sem no entanto, forçar a cidade a aderir ao movimento, mas sim seduzindo-a a aderir.
The following dissertation takes shape after an extended investigation and reflection inherent to the correlation between the appearance of industrialization and the following life style acceleration that we have been experiencing up until today. With the globalization effects more noticeable in today’s society, expressed by the excess hours of work and health problems, the need to establish certain mechanisms to engage these problematics has become imperative. Through authors as Carl Honoré and António Coelho, our exercise attempts to portray the current reality of the city of Amarante, and it’s blocks, as well as how through architecture allied to the slow thematic, we can create inputs that aim to improve the social and economic and housing aspects of society, so we can simultaneously improve the unemployment rate, inducing certain social values that we have been losing and striving to improve the quality of life of the resident population, providing a “new” lifestyle in a block scale. The conceptualization of this proposal is based in the premises of the Slow Living, which in a brief way consists of a personal, familiar and community well-being, through the junction of some tools inherent to Slow. The outcome consisted in an elaboration of a master plan where an ecological park is present, associated with an habitational block for the working class of the main industrial area of the city of Amarante, in a way that the quality of life is improved as well as performance, resulting in future investment opportunities and consequently new Slow Living blocks, without forcing the city to associate with the movement, but in a way seducing it.

碩士
國立東華大學
臺灣文化學系
104
This study aimed to explore the residents in Hualien City about their attitude of current situation, differences, relevance and impact factors to Slow Living. The subject are the residents whom have domiciled in Hualien City administrative area over 20 years old or more, via the self-edit questionnaire " The research of Hualien City residents’ attitude about Slow Living " to collect empirical data, using Proportionate Stratified Sampling method to get 1500 residents as samples, the total usable 955 samples. The questionnaire collected data are analyzing by the statistical methods such as Statistical Package for Social Science（SPSS） to do the descriptive statics, Independent Sample T Test, One-Way Analysis of Variance, Pearson’s Product-moment Correlation Coefficient. After discussing the analysis results, the conclusions are made and also make recommendations which could be the reference for the relevant units. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: 1.The resident’s performance of " cognitive "," cordiality "," behavioral tendencies " about the attitude of Slow-Living are moderately, positive, where as the average score is. 2.At the " cognitive " aspect, the attitude of Slow-Living, two items showed significant differences as below: education level and occupation. At the " cordiality " aspect , six items showed significant differences as below : age , education level , occupation , personal monthly income , ethnic and residence time . At the " behavioral tendencies " aspect, one item showed significant differences as below: occupation. 3.Among the resident’s " cognitive "," cordiality "," behavioral tendencies " aspects, all have a significant positive correlation, in which of them, the correlation between the " cordiality " aspect and " behavioral tendencies " aspect is the highest, next is the correlation between the " cognitive "aspect and " cordiality " aspect, and the lowest correlation is between " cognitive " aspect and " behavioral tendencies " aspect. The " cordiality " aspect of Hualien residents has most relevant with " overall attitude ".

碩士
南榮科技大學
工程科技研究所碩士班
104
Population aging is a global trend and issues related to the elders involve widespread aspects. Nowadays, every country emphasizes “Aging in Place” policy so that the elders live with dignity and enjoy a leisurely life in their own familiar environments. The policy related to Taiwan’s senior society, influenced by the worldwide trend of aging in place, has changed its direction from assisting elderly care to policy-with-love and health-no-harm in order to get closed to the needs of elders and strengthen the self-care ability of elders. In Yen-Shui area, the community care and concern stronghold has become a segment of the elderly care system. The multi senior programs provided by senior learning center and senior college strengthen the physical and mental health of elders and make them active and looking young. In this research, the spirit of slow-paced living for a simple life is faced squarely to highlight the taste of personal life and coexist sustainably in the livable small town of Yuejin. A felicitous space for LOHAS (Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability) is created via the alliance of living, production and ecology.

碩士
國立彰化師範大學
國文學系
106
“Slow Travel Adventures”, a travel program of Public Television, is hosted by two writers having rich scholarship, Liu,Ke-Xiang and Wang,Hao-Yi. Through the cooperation and explanations of these two experts from different fields, they created possibility of a new way of travelling by comparing one city, one town or one village with another. They visited every corner of Taiwan, followed some cultural traces, experienced the living intelligence from the interactions of different people, events, views and objects, and thought about the future between the new and old times. This thesis tries to clarify the ordinary people’s living culture in “Slow Travel Adventures” of the first season from different aspects such as railways, sugar factories, train stations, cities, old trees, markets, local snacks, old streets, independent bookstores, monuments, historical buildings and so on. It also intends to elaborate the values and meanings of the ordinary people’s living culture which is presented in the program.

碩士
南榮技術學院
工程科技研究所碩士班
101
Plan i236 centered “Intelligence” is actively launched by the Executive Yuan. Its aim is through combination of technology and humanity to reach "intelligence of Taiwan" and "intelligence of life", and further to improve the quality of people’s life. Taiwan becoming a new lifestyle pioneer of the applications of global smart living technology in 2020 is expected. Since the Industrial Revolution, people have lived at "fast" pace, feel exhausted from running about on missions. The situation is a race against time. They ignore family members and friends. In pursuit of fastness people sacrifice natural environment ― the Earth. Thus, some people began to advocate the "slow living". In new era modern men have pursued slow living lifestyle instead of having been at fast pace in the past. The lifestyle of slow living gradually and deeply penetrates the minds of many people. Houbi District, Tainan City retains the original scene of Chianan Plain. Rice fields stretch to the horizon. In rice fields irrigation ditches meander, egrets forage, and diligent farmers work. Traditional courtyard houses are located in the little village. People at Houbi lived a leisurely rural life. In 2011 Houbi won the International Garden City Award, an international livable cities award granted by the United Nations Environment Programme. Therefore Houbi accords with modern people's pursuit of living vision in the 21st century. In the thesis using creative digital multimedia technology I made digital archives and increased value-added creativity for Houbi, which has been constructed after community building. This thesis divided the local cultural characteristics of Houbi into three mainaspects. First, environmental sustainability of nature to reveal the sustainable management of life and natural environment. Second, cultural heritage and Jingliao reappearance to show sustainable heritage of the feathers and culture of Houbi. Third, physical and mental health, and soul feast to demonstrate holistic health balance. Under the three aspects local cultural characteristics are further divided into six slow living. They are as follows. Farming slow living — "Let it be" farming experience at countryside. Culture slow living — reconstruction of Chingliao dowry culture. Community-building slow living — art rural village. Industry slow living—weaving of rush at Houkuo and craft creation experience of blue dyeing at Molin. Ecology slow living — leisure and tranquility of Shiaonanhai Ecological Park. Soul slow living — Chingliao Holy Cross Catholic Church. All of them let people experience the joy of traditional rural life, natural ecological landscapes, and countryside serenity and slow-paced life at Houbi. Furthermore, using the elements of livable, slow living of Houbi I constructed navigation platform on Google, promoted digital creative integration marketing, designed interactive windows, made thematic integrated guided tour. There are five topics comprising the community- building beauty of Houbi. They are as follows: (1) a new mask of local culture (2) new spotlights of community building (3) new elegance of rural sustainability (4) deeper experience of industry transformation (5) feelings of livability, slow living. They demonstrate local cultural features of village at Houbi. Marketing livable, slow living of Houbi rural town via the far-reaching Internet is what we did in order to attract people living a fast-paced life to Houbi to enjoy slow tranquil life. And we hope that it can further stimulate sightseeing development and economic growth of Houbi, attract youth population back to hometown, and reappear countryside peaceful beauty of Chianan Plain. Key words:I236, Livable, Slow living, Houbi, Digital creativity

Obesity within the Canadian population is on the rise, as people continue to lead hurried lifestyles there is little time to slow down and prepare a meal for oneself or one’s family. As younger generations grow up in these rushed lifestyles, the opportunities to learn about food and nutrition in the home is quickly disappearing. As a result this practicum project explores promoting healthy lifestyles by reconnecting people with food through the creation of a Culinary Learning Centre located in The Forks Market Building, in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Individuals who are motivated to change the way they view and value food are provided with a comprehensive learning environment that approaches teaching through a holistic and collaborative manner. Informed by an extensive literature review into the Slow Food Movement, and learning theory; research into four case studies; and detailed programming, culminated in an interior design solution promoting positive learning, social interaction, and student well-being.
October 2016

The natural and nuclear disaster of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plants of TEPCO and its continuing aftermath reflected the emotions and frustrations of Chernobyl. The incident reignited the debate on nuclear power and critical engagement with modern society. More than ever, critical discussions and seeking alternative solutions is as important. The thesis explores one such alternative to modernity called transmodernism, a theoretical concept that was formulated by Enrique Dussel and expanded in various directions from contemporary writers. Dussel's concept is the defining idea of his engagement with modernity and its relationship to the Other. The thesis will focus on one such contemporary interpretation of transmodernism. Paul H Ray and Sherry Ruth Anderson conceptualised transmodernism to describe the emergence of a new social group called the Cultural Creatives in the United States and Europe. The Cultural Creative's value system fuses modern values with traditional and indigenous values from across the globe. Their core values revolve around the sacredness of the environment, self-actualisation through spiritual growth, importance of family and friends, green economics, activism and altruism. They are a generation of people that evolved from new social movements and consciousness movement of the 1960s and have pushed these ideas further than before. The Cultural Creatives are a new wave coming from advanced industrialised nations in the West. Can this concept of transmodernism be applied outside Western advanced industrialised nations to other advanced industrialised nations? Through a literature study, the thesis will examine 11 Japanese people from Andy Couturier's A Different Kind of Luxury, a group named in the thesis as the Slow Culture Artists. The Slow Culture Artists live by principles of slow, self-sufficient living and incorporate traditional arts and practices. Their values are a fusion of modern values and traditional or alternative values from traditional Japan and countries abroad. The way they approach their lives can be reflected in the core values of the Cultural Creatives. The thesis will show how Ray's transmodernism can also be used to describe them and will discuss the importance of transmodernism in relations to critically engaging modernity. It will involve a theoretical background of transmodernism, a discussion of the Cultural Creatives and Slow Culture Artists and a comparison. From this comparison, the thesis will point to: 1) the significance of Asia in the concept of transmodernism, as the foundations of transcendentalism that constitutes the philosophical foundation of Cultural Creatives; 2) the problems of linearity in the discourse of modernity; 3) and the importance of dialogue in transmodernism, both as an 'internal dialogue' in their formation of their values and 'external dialogue' to discuss their relationship with modernity and the Other.
Thesis (M.Phil.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2015

Yes
There are no disease-modifying treatments for dementia. There is also no consensus on disease modifying outcomes. We aimed to produce the first evidence-based consensus on core outcome measures for trials of disease modification in mild-to-moderate dementia. We defined disease-modification interventions as those aiming to change the underlying pathology. We systematically searched electronic databases and previous systematic reviews for published and ongoing trials of disease-modifying treatments in mild-to-moderate dementia. We included 149/22,918 of the references found; with 81 outcome measures from 125 trials. Trials involved participants with Alzheimer's disease (AD) alone (n = 111), or AD and mild cognitive impairment (n = 8) and three vascular dementia. We divided outcomes by the domain measured (cognition, activities of daily living, biological markers, neuropsychiatric symptoms, quality of life, global). We calculated the number of trials and of participants using each outcome. We detailed psychometric properties of each outcome. We sought the views of people living with dementia and family carers in three cities through Alzheimer's society focus groups. Attendees at a consensus conference (experts in dementia research, disease-modification and harmonisation measures) decided on the core set of outcomes using these results. Recommended core outcomes were cognition as the fundamental deficit in dementia and to indicate disease modification, serial structural MRIs. Cognition should be measured by Mini Mental State Examination or Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale. MRIs would be optional for patients. We also made recommendations for measuring important, but non-core domains which may not change despite disease modification. Most trials were about AD. Specific instruments may be superseded. We searched one database for psychometric properties. This is the first review to identify the 81 outcome measures the research community uses for disease-modifying trials in mild-to-moderate dementia. Our recommendations will facilitate designing, comparing and meta-analysing disease modification trials in mild-to-moderate dementia, increasing their value.
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) North Thames at Bart's Health NHS Trust

Yes
Background: Recruiting isolated older adults to clinical trials is complex, time-consuming and difficult. Previous studies have suggested querying existing databases to identify appropriate potential participants. We aim to compare recruitment techniques (general practitioner (GP) mail-outs, community engagement and clinician referrals) used in three randomised controlled trial (RCT) studies assessing the feasibility or effectiveness of two preventative interventions in isolated older adults (the Lifestyle Matters and Putting Life In Years interventions). Methods: During the three studies (the Lifestyle Matters feasibility study, the Lifestyle Matters RCT, the Putting Life In Years RCT) data were collected about how participants were recruited. The number of letters sent by GP surgeries for each study was recorded. In the Lifestyle Matters RCT, we qualitatively interviewed participants and intervention facilitators at 6 months post randomisation to seek their thoughts on the recruitment process. Results: Referrals were planned to be the main source of recruitment in the Lifestyle Matters feasibility study, but due to a lack of engagement from district nurses, community engagement was the main source of recruitment. District nurse referrals and community engagement were also utilised in the Lifestyle Matters and Putting Life In Years RCTs; both mechanisms yielded few participants. GP mail-outs were the main source of recruitment in both the RCTs, but of those contacted, recruiting yield was low (< 3%). Facilitators of the Lifestyle Matters intervention questioned whether the most appropriate individuals had been recruited. Participants recommended that direct contact with health professionals would be the most beneficial way to recruit. Conclusions: Recruitment to the Lifestyle Matters RCT did not mirror recruitment to the feasibility study of the same intervention. Direct district nurse referrals were not effective at recruiting participants. The majority of participants were recruited via GP mail-outs, which may have led to isolated individuals not being recruited to the trials. Further research is required into alternative recruitment techniques, including respondent-driven sampling plus mechanisms which will promote health care professionals to recruit vulnerable populations to research.
Medical Research Council (grant number G1001406); Sheffield Health and Social Research Consortium; National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme (project number 09/ 3004/01)

碩士
稻江科技暨管理學院
休閒遊憩管理學系碩士班
106
This study is intended to understand the process of combining in-situ culture, agricultural specialty and homestay environment to participate in slow leisure. Exploring the feasibility of the Shuijing Community B&B combined with local culture and agricultural specialties for slow leisure. Therefore, by understanding the opinions and suggestions of local residents and experts, these materials will be collected and provided to the industry and local governments for some opinions to enhance the feasibility of combining the real estate industry with the hotel and implementing slow travel. In response to the feasibility of the development of the hotel and the integration of local industries, as well as expert interviews, the local people in the Shuijing community used structured questionnaires to give advice. It is found that the combination of local culture and agricultural specialties and property development affects cognition with the highest awareness of damage to natural resources, indicating that local residents pay considerable attention to the preservation and maintenance of the natural environment. If the combination of local products and leisure homestays, it will increase the investment of foreign investment and government funds. In terms of the feasibility of the combination of local culture and agricultural specialties and property development, the local people support the topic of this paper, and especially agree that the positive impact of the development of the local cultural industry combined with the local cultural industry is more negative than negative. In addition, it is found that the age and residence time have different degrees for the development of the hotel and the local cultural industry. The older the age or the longer the living time in the area, the stronger the support. In particular, the recognition of the local culture combined with the B&B is deeper. The interviews described in the expert interviews are in the same consistency as the results of the survey. And there are the same insights on cultural issues and suggesting that the government needs more attention. Keywords: Bed and Breakfast, local culture, agricultural products, Slow-Living, feasibility