Artykuły w czasopismach: „Skilled”

1

Birchmore, Terry. "SKILLED TEACHING? TEACHING SKILLS". Clinical Psychology Forum 1, nr 12 (grudzień 1987): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.1987.1.12.7.

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Liang, Chao, i Susu Wang. "Low-Skilled Immigrants and Urban Development in China: A Labor Market Perspective". Asian Economic Papers 19, nr 1 (kwiecień 2020): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00760.

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This study investigates the impact of low-skilled immigrants on urban labor markets in China. Using historical migration networks as an instrumental variable to overcome endogeneity problems, we find that low-skilled immigrants significantly increase local wages. Census data reveal significant occupational segregation between low-skilled immigrants and local inhabitants. Low-skilled immigrants are found to substitute for low-skilled local inhabitants but are complementary for high-skilled local inhabitants. In addition, low-skilled immigrants boost women's labor participation and wages through consumption service markets. This study's findings reveal that discrimination against low-skilled immigrants weakens the reciprocal effects among immigrants and local inhabitants and hinders urban development.

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Mukhopadhyay, Ujjaini. "Differential Education Subsidy Policy and Wage Inequality Between Skilled, Semi-skilled and Unskilled Labour: A General Equilibrium Approach". Review of Development and Change 26, nr 1 (23.04.2021): 40–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09722661211003186.

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The article investigates the effects of secondary (including vocational) and higher-education subsidies on wage inequalities between skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled workers, and unemployment in a small open developing economy in terms of a two-sector Harris–Todaro dynamic general equilibrium framework. The results show that skilled–unskilled and skilled–semi-skilled wage inequalities depend on factor intensity conditions, while semi-skilled–unskilled wage inequality is determined by the level of skill formation in the economy. There is a trade-off between the wage inequalities of skilled–semi-skilled and semi-skilled–unskilled workers due to secondary education subsidy; the trade-off also exists with respect to higher-education subsidy if the manufacturing sector is more skilled labour intensive. However, if the manufacturing sector is capital intensive, higher-education subsidy is detrimental for both types of wage inequalities in the initial years of skill formation but might have favourable effects when the skill endowment is high. Both types of subsidies reduce unemployment in the initial periods, but higher-education subsidy accentuates it when skilled labour supply expands in the economy.

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Shafer, Steven L. "Our Future: De-Skilled or Super-Skilled?" ASA Monitor 85, nr 3 (1.03.2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.asm.0000737024.41432.cf.

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Barr, Owen. "Essential Counselling and Therapy Skills: The Skilled Client Model Essential Counselling and Therapy Skills: The Skilled Client Model". Nursing Standard 16, nr 38 (5.06.2002): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2002.06.16.38.29.b262.

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Wong, Man Sau. "Investigation of Psychological Skills Use between Skilled and Less-skilled Amateur Archers in Hong Kong". Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 23, nr 1 (1.06.2017): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.231767.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. The current study is aimed to investigate the relationship between skilled and less-skilled amateur archers in Hong Kong based on their use of psychological skills. The Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS; Thomas, Murphy, & Hardy, 1999) was administered to 72 participants (42 skilled and 30 less-skilled; Mean age = 36.07, SD = 12.61, Range: 18.10 to 63.64 years). The TOPS is a 64-item self-report instrument that can assess a total of 16 psychological skills during practice and competition. Results from t-tests indicated statistically significant differences in the use of psychological skills automaticity during practice and competition between skilled and less-skilled archers. Two binary regression analyses were performed to further investigate the relationship between psychological skills use and skill level. Automaticity in competition and practice subscales were found to have statistically significant predictive powers in accounting for archers’ skill level achieved. The regression models indicated a range of 6.1% to 12.7% of variance accounted for skill level, and the model successfully classified 58.3% to 63.9% of cases per time. These findings link back to a number of skills learning theories that posit it is common to find the automatic stage of skill performance at the highest stage of learning (Haywood,2006). 本研究旨在暸解香港業餘射箭運動員技術水平與心理技能使用的關係。72名射箭運動員分為兩組(較高技術水平42人和一般水平30人) ，並填寫中文版運動表現策略量表 (TOPS) 。TOPS可檢測運動競賽和練習時所用的心理技能。t檢驗結果顯示心理技能自動化(automaticity)在競賽和練習時的使用在不同技術水平的射手中有顯著差異。本文遂採用回歸分析以探討心理技能和射手技術水平的預測和情形。研究結果發現心理技能自動化在競賽和練習的使用可有效預測射箭運動員的技術水平。

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Uma, B. V., M. Vishnu Priya, P. Harshitha i K. N. Maruthy. "Assessment of Hand Grip Strength & Fine Motor Skills in Skilled & Non Skilled Persons". International Journal of Physiology 7, nr 3 (2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2320-608x.2019.00077.5.

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Lefroy, Janet, i Robert K. McKinley. "Skilled communication: comments further to ‘Creativity in clinical communication: from communication skills to skilled communication’". Medical Education 45, nr 9 (17.08.2011): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.04009.x.

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Woods, Jeffrey G. "Pathways of Technological Change". International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 5, nr 1 (styczeń 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2014010101.

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While technological change benefits the U.S. service sector and the economy as a whole, the creation, design and production of innovations may favor highly-skilled over less-skilled workers. If skill-biased technical change creates more job vacancies for skilled, relative to less-skilled workers, less-skilled workers are at greater risk of becoming structurally unemployed. An epidemiological model is developed that describes the pathways to, and prevention of, structural unemployment (SU) of less-skilled workers. Less-skilled workers must protect themselves from being “infected” by the diffusion of skill-biased technical change in the service sector. They must choose to become “vaccinated” with “injections” of human capital to reduce the probability of contracting the “disease” of (SU) and to avoid permanently working in de-skilled jobs. By making less-skilled workers more productive, one can simultaneously improve the distribution of education and training, health and income inequality while providing the government more tax revenue.

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Fougère, Maxime, Simon Harvey i Bruno Rainville. "Would an Increase in High-Skilled Immigration in Canada Benefit Workers?" Economics Research International 2011 (22.06.2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/171927.

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This study examines the economic and welfare effects of raising the number of high-skilled immigrants in Canada. It uses a life-cycle applied general equilibrium model with endogenous time allocation decisions between work, education, and leisure. According to the simulation results, raising the number of high-skilled immigrants would boost productive capacity and labour productivity but could lower real GDP per capita. In addition, by raising the supply of high-skilled workers, more high-skilled immigrants would reduce the skill premium and the return to human capital. This in turn would lower incentives for young adults to invest in human capital and have a dampening effect on the domestic supply of skilled workers. Finally, it is found that more high-skilled immigrants would be welfare enhancing for medium- and low-skilled workers but welfare decreasing for high-skilled workers.

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Yan, Mengqi, Yuting Yuan i Skanda Eshwar Chandra Rajachandra. "Do skilled immigrants affect the wage rate of Australian workers?" Deakin Papers on International Business Economics 6 (30.07.2013): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dpibe2013vol6no0art45.

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We hypothesise that skilled immigration increases the wage rate in Australia. Our alternative hypothesis is that skilled immigration decreases the wage rate in Australia. The data used for this research comes from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and Department of Immigration andCitizenship. Based on our analysis, we find that there is positive relationship between high-skilled immigration and employee earnings per hour.We also find that low-skilled immigrants have a negative effect on employee earnings per hour. We believe that low-skilled workers are easily replaced such that low-skilled immigrants are substitutes to Australian low-skilled workers. However, there are some limitations of our research. Notably, our result are restricted to three occupations.

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Bryant, Melanie, i Tui McKeown. "Experts, outsiders or strangers? The self-positioning of highly skilled contractors". Journal of Management & Organization 22, nr 3 (24.09.2015): 388–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2015.41.

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AbstractLow and high-skilled contractors are often positioned in an analogous way within the literature drawing attention to the benefits of highly skilled contracting in contrast to the precarious nature of low-skilled contracting. Highly skilled contractors are largely identified within the free agent view; as self-directed professionals who add significant value to client organisations. However, very little research has focused specifically on how highly skilled contractors identify themselves through the process of positioning. We present the findings of a qualitative study of 34 highly skilled contractors. We found that participants positioned themselves in three specific ways: as expert, outsider and stranger and theorise about why highly skilled contractors construct simultaneous but diverse positions of themselves. In doing so, we argue that developing a more thorough understanding of how highly skilled contractors identify themselves provides valuable insights for those tasked with managing different groups of workers in the one workplace.

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13

Engelmann, Sabine. "Trade Liberalisation, Technological Change and Skill-Specific Unemployment". Journal of Global Economy 8, nr 3 (1.12.2012): 197–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v8i3.264.

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The aim of this paper is to formalise a two-country model of trade liberalisation and technological change with heterogeneous firms and search-and-matching frictions in the labour market. By considering different sectors and factors of production we allow for comparative advantages and study the trade and technology effects within and between sectors on wages and employment of skilled and low-skilled workers. Technological change together with inter-sectoral trade has distributional consequences across the labour force, favouring the skilled against the low-skilled workers. Intra-sectoral trade counteracts as it increases the demand for low-skilled workers, too. The overall effects on wages and employment of skilled and low-skilled workers depend on the extent of technological change, inter-sectoral trade and intra-sectoral trade.

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Gong, Song Jie. "Research on the Growth Mechanism of High-Skilled System in Computer Science and Technology". Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (luty 2014): 2748–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.2748.

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Highly skilled systems are the master hands and examples in the production line. They meet the quality requirements for highly skilled that knowledge and skill proficient, thoughtful, and creative. The systems that have innovative sense and high-skilled ability are required by not only the modern science and technology revolution, but also the economical and social development of a nation. In high-skilled systems, especially the system of computer with stronger practicality and operability, how to strengthen the cultivation of the ability of innovation and high-skilled is very important. The paper analyzed the connotation of innovative high-skilled systems. Taking the growth mechanism in innovative high-skilled systems as an example, and school-enterprise cooperation and work-integrated learning as starting point, it explores and practices on the training mode. According to the construction of high level productive practice training base, it can provide reference for similar researches of growth mechanism in training innovative high-skilled talents.

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15

Hiramatsu, Tomoru. "Skill Choice, Brain Drain, and Variety of Goods: Innovation in the Core Periphery Model". Migration Letters 19, nr 1 (17.01.2022): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v19i1.1187.

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People judge whether they want to be high-skilled workers by considering the economic returns and the effort required to skill. This study considers two regions: an advanced industrial region, where high-skilled workers increase the variety of goods through innovation, and an underdeveloped region where innovation does not occur. Here, workers become high-skilled, considering regions of origin and potential abilities. Numerical simulations show that the proportion of high-skilled workers reacts in an inverted U-shape, as the variety of goods increases. When the variety of goods is small, the ratio of high-skilled workers in the developed regions is higher than that in the underdeveloped regions; as it increases, the proportion of high-skilled workers born in both regions increase. The proportion of high-skilled workers born in developed regions eventually declines; however, it increases in the underdeveloped regions. As the variety of goods increases, the proportion of high-skilled workers decreases in the underdeveloped regions.

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Buehler, Denis. "Skilled Guidance". Review of Philosophy and Psychology 12, nr 3 (4.03.2021): 641–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13164-021-00526-9.

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Mahmud, Sharmin, Quamrul Alam i Charmine Härtel. "Skilled immigrants". Monash Business Review 4, nr 3 (listopad 2008): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/mbr08053.

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Anderson, Paul. "Skilled presentation". Physics World 6, nr 1 (styczeń 1993): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/6/1/18.

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Alfano, Genrose J. "“Skilled nursing”". Geriatric Nursing 8, nr 2 (marzec 1987): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4572(87)80088-5.

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Dixon, John F., Kristine Larison i Mara Zabari. "Skilled Communication". AACN Advanced Critical Care 17, nr 4 (październik 2006): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01256961-200610000-00004.

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Bowes, Jeffrey. "Skilled cleaning". New Scientist 205, nr 2744 (styczeń 2010): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(10)60176-5.

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Barrera, Isaura, i Lucinda Kramer. "Skilled Dialogue". Childhood Education 83, nr 5 (sierpień 2007): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2007.10522937.

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Songbo, Lu. "Study on the Training Strategy of High Skilled Talents of Spray Coatings for Automobile in Secondary Vocational School——From the Perspective of Made in China 2025 Strategy". Journal of Educational Theory and Management 4, nr 2 (3.11.2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jetm.v4i2.3807.

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Made in China 2025 Strategy requires a large number of high skilled talents, which the high-skilled talents are the core backbone of skilled workers and a significant force to promote technological innovation and realize the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. In this study, combined with automotive spraying industry characteristics, four cultivation strategies are established by the construction of the system of high-skilled talent formation, training mode of on-campus + on-job high-skilled talents, the common trail of national certification and enterprise certification and the star system spiraling excitation in order to create a new growth path for the cultivation of high-skilled talents in automobile spraying.

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Gernsbacher, Morton Ann, i Rachel R. W. Robertson. "Reading Skill and Suppression Revisited". Psychological Science 6, nr 3 (maj 1995): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00326.x.

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In a previous issue of Psychological Science, we (Gernsbacher, 1993) reported that less skilled readers are less able than more skilled readers to quickly suppress irrelevant information (e g, the contextually inappropriate meaning of a homonym, such as the playing-card meaning of spade, in the sentence He dug with the spade, or the inappropriate form of a homophone, such as patience, in the sentence He had lots of patients) In the current research, we investigated a ramification of that finding If less skilled readers are less able to suppress a contextually inappropriate meaning of a homonym, perhaps less skilled readers might be better than more skilled readers at comprehending puns However, intuition and previous research suggest the contrary, as do the results of the research presented here On a task that required accepting, rather than rejecting, a meaning of a homonym that was not implied by the sentence context, more skilled readers responded more rapidly than less skilled readers In contrast, on a task that required accepting a meaning of a homonym that was implied by the sentence context, more and less skilled readers performed equally well We conclude that more skilled readers are more able to rapidly accept inappropriate meanings of homonyms because they are more skilled at suppression (which in this case involves suppressing the appropriate meanings)

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Docquier, Frédéric, Abdeslam Marfouk, Sara Salomone i Khalid Sekkat. "Are Skilled Women More Migratory than Skilled Men?" World Development 40, nr 2 (luty 2012): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.05.004.

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Swanson, H. Lee, Kathryn F. Cochran i Cynthia A. Ewers. "Working memory in skilled and less skilled readers". Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 17, nr 2 (kwiecień 1989): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00913790.

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Boyer, A. S. "Identification of Characters with Shared Representations: Decoding Musical and Literary Braille". Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 91, nr 1 (styczeń 1997): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x9709100112.

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This study investigated the degree to which code switching was operative in the performances of skilled and less skilled readers of musical and literary braille on two tasks that required the identification of characters shared by the two codes in the auditory and tactile modalities. In both modalities, skilled readers were significantly faster and more accurate than less skilled readers. The results suggest that the less skilled readers’ inferior performances on tasks of code switching may have been due to inefficient verbal processing.

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Wei, Jin Yu, i Ai Fen Sun. "Talk about the Cultivation of High-Skilled Personnel from the Angle of Professional Features". Key Engineering Materials 439-440 (czerwiec 2010): 732–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.439-440.732.

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With the rapid and sustainable development of China's economic construction and adjustment of industrial structure, requires a lot of high-skilled personnel. At present, the shortage of high-skilled personnel in China, has become the bottleneck restricting industrial development. In this paper, from the angle of professional features of high-skilled professional, put forward specific policy proposals for the cultivation of high-skilled personnel, with a view to the cultivation of high-skilled personnel can have constructive significance and help.

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Bedi, Joshua K., i Shaomeng Jia. "Give me your rested, your wealthy, your educated few? A critical discussion of the current literature on immigrant self-employment". Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 11, nr 1 (1.02.2022): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-08-2021-0105.

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PurposeThe finding that immigrants are more likely to self-employ than natives has been consistently shown by different researchers. At the same time, many call for the prioritization of high-skilled immigration as they believe low-skilled entrepreneurs are not particularly innovative or high-growth-oriented. The purpose of this study is to critically review and synthesize the current literature on immigrant self-employment, paying particular attention to low-skilled immigrant entrepreneurship and the popular policy recommendation that high-skilled immigrants should be prioritized.Design/methodology/approachThe authors survey the existing literature on immigrant self-employment and discuss recurring data issues, how those issues have or have not been addressed, as well as how these data issues impact the validity of policy recommendations that favor high-skilled immigrants and disfavor low-skilled immigrants. In particular, the authors examine how length of stay in the host country and host country institutions impact immigrant self-employment, especially low-skilled immigrant self-employment. The authors also point out unintended consequences of low-skilled immigration.FindingsThe authors find data issues significantly impact the potential justifications behind calls to favor high-skilled immigrants. In particular, many researchers underestimate the positive impacts of low-skilled immigrant self-employment by not accounting for institutions and length of stay in the host country. The authors conclude with policy recommendations that prioritize high-skilled immigration should be re-examined in light of recurring omitted variable biases within previous studies and evidence of a number of positive unintended consequences associated with low-skilled migration.Originality/valueThe authors review current literature and discuss how important confounding variables, like the number of years an immigrant entrepreneur has lived in a host country and the institutions of a host country, make common policy recommendations suggesting prioritization of high-skilled immigration problematic. The authors also discuss potential solutions to these data issues, ways these issues have been solved already, and possible ways forward. Finally, after considering the literature, the authors offer our own set of policy recommendations.

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Fossland, Trine Medby. "Highly skilled migration in the urban Arctic: a Norwegian case study on skilled migrant labour market integration". Polar Record 48, nr 3 (16.05.2012): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247412000071.

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ABSTRACTArctic Norway is a region with a shortage of highly skilled professionals and international expertise, in many work sectors. Fast growing cites attract people from other regions and also high skilled migrants. It is a paradox that skilled migrants often fail to get qualified work in the local labour market. To understand this and to capture the complexity of labour market participation, this article draws on interviews with recruitment agencies and highly skilled migrants, attending a recruitment programme initiated by the ‘Confederation of Norwegian Business and Industry in Norway’. This paper draws on recent literature on highly skilled migration and analyses the complex and relational sides of labour market integration for skilled migrants in an urban Arctic town.

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Mizutori, Hisashi, Yu Kashiwagi, Noriko Hakamada, Yasunori Tachibana i Kazuo Funato. "Kinematics and joints moments profile during straight arm press to handstand in male gymnasts". PLOS ONE 16, nr 7 (14.07.2021): e0253951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253951.

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Biomechanical features of the handstand, one of the most fundamental skills required for artistic gymnastics events, have not been well documented. The purpose of this study was to clarify the kinematics and joint moment profiles during straight arm press to handstand in different highly skilled male gymnasts. Fifty-nine male gymnasts performed a straight arm press to handstand on a force platform and were judged on their performance by experienced certified judges. Subjects were divided into two groups (highly-skilled and less-skilled). Kinematic data were obtained using a video camera synchronized with force platform. Joint moments (wrist, shoulder, hip) during each straight arm press to handstand were calculated using the inverse dynamics solution. Larger shoulder flexion moments were observed in less-skilled compared with highly- skilled performers (at 3–59%, p < 0.001) while larger hip flexion moments were observed in highly- skilled performers at 52% (p = 0.045) and 56% (p = 0.048) and normalized time of straight arm press to handstand. Major differences between highly-skilled and less-skilled performers were observed in hip joint moment production as it shifted from extension to flexion from the leg horizontal position to the handstand position in highly-skilled gymnasts. Successful straight arm press to handstand techniques observed in highly-skilled performers were characterized as a more acute pike position at toe-off as well as hip flexor moments at latter phase of the straight arm press to handstand.

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Rikard, G. Linda. "The Short Term Relationship of Teacher Feedback and Student Practice". Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 10, nr 3 (kwiecień 1991): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.10.3.275.

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The purpose was to describe the differences in practice success of high- and low-skilled students to varied instructional tasks and feedback of two physical education teachers. Four to five lessons on striking with implements were presented, and feedback was consistently individual and specific. Subjects were four high-skilled and four low-skilled fourth graders randomly selected from two intact physical education classes. The teacher variable studied was the amount and kind of teacher feedback given to subjects during practice. Student variables included: (a) the success frequencies of practice in response to instructional tasks, and (b) practice success frequencies achieved immediately after receiving teacher feedback. Results showed that successful task engagement was 70% for low-skilled students and 86% for high-skilled students in response to instructional tasks. After receiving teacher feedback, low-skilled students increased their practice success to 75% (5% increase); high-skilled students declined to 84% (2% decrease).

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Abebe, Haftom Temesgen, Mache Tsadik Adhana, Mengistu Welday Gebremichael, Kebede Embaye Gezae i Assefa Ayalew Gebreslassie. "Magnitude, trends and determinants of skilled delivery from Kilite-Awlaelo Health Demographic Surveillance System, Northern Ethiopia, 2009- 2017". PLOS ONE 16, nr 9 (9.09.2021): e0254146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254146.

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Background The fundamental approach to improve maternal and neonatal health is increasing skilled delivery rate. Women giving birth at health institutions can prevent maternal and neonatal deaths by getting skilled birth attendance. In Ethiopia, despite a significant decrease in maternal mortality over the past decade, still a significant number of women give birth at home. Moreover, evidence from population-based longitudinal studies on skilled delivery is limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the magnitude, trend, and determinants of skilled delivery in Kilite-Awlaelo Health Demographic Surveillance System (KA-HDSS), Northern Ethiopia. Method Population-based longitudinal study design was conducted by extracting data for nine consecutive years (2009–2017) from KA-HDSS database. In order to measure the trends of skilled delivery, KA-HDSS data sets were analyzed (2009–2017). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using STATA version 16. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was fitted to assess determinants of skilled delivery and odds ratio with 95% CI was used to assess presence of associations at a 0.05 level of significance. Results The skilled delivery rate have continuously increased among reproductive age women from 15.12% (95% CI: 13.30% - 17.09%) in 2010 to 95.85% (95% CI: 94.58% - 96.895%) in 2017. The skilled delivery rate becomes high (> = 82) in the period of 2014–2017. Education, residence, marital status, occupation and antenatal care (ANC) visits were the most important determinants for skilled delivery among reproductive age women during the period of high skilled delivery rate (2014–2017). Women urban dwellers had about 28 times (AOR = 27.66; 95% CI: 3.86–196.97) higher odds to deliver by skilled birth attendants than rural dwellers. Unmarried women who gave birth were 2.18 (AOR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.30–3.64) times more likely to have skilled delivery service compared to those married. Likewise, women with four or more ANC visits were 3.2 times more likely to undergo skilled delivery service than those having no ANC visits (AOR: 3.16; 95% CI: 2.33–4.28). Moreover, women having at least a secondary education were 2 times more likely to have skilled delivery service compared to those women with no formal education (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.18–3.74). Conclusion Regardless of the importance of health facility delivery, a significant number of women still deliver at home attended by unskilled birth attendants. There has been a substantial increase in use of health facilities for delivery among women in the reproductive age. The factors affecting skilled delivery among reproductive age women were educational level, residence, marital status, occupation and use of ANC service. Maternal health related interventions are needed to change women’s attitudes towards skilled delivery. Moreover, ANC coverage should be increased to improve skilled delivery service.

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Bulat, Alexandra. "‘High-Skilled Good, Low-Skilled Bad?’ British, Polish and Romanian Attitudes Towards Low-Skilled EU Migration". National Institute Economic Review 248 (maj 2019): R49—R57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795011924800113.

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A new skills-based immigration system, with a preference for the highly-skilled, is central to UK policy debates in the Brexit context, arguably responding to majority public opinion on migration. Through qualitative fieldwork with British, Polish and Romanian citizens living in two local authorities in England, this paper shows what participants understand by ‘low-skilled’ and how there is broad support of those who ‘contribute’, but are ‘controlled’ at the same time. Migrants’ narratives of downskilling also illustrate why the category of ‘low-skilled’ migration needs to be seen through a more critical lens in research and policymaking.

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Hou, Tianshu. "The Way of the Craftsman to the Truth". SHS Web of Conferences 152 (2023): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202315205005.

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Skilled workers and craftsmen are the basis of industrial production activities. The lack of skilled workers means the lack of industrial production. Driven by the tide of anti-globalization, it has further become the lack of national power. This article will explore how skilled workers and craftsmen acquire skills and knowledge through methods other than basic education, so as to find a way to quickly train skilled workers and expand the skilled worker group. At the same time, it also discusses the epistemological approach of how human beings acquire knowledge in the post-industrial age.

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Cortés, Patricia, i José Tessada. "Low-Skilled Immigration and the Labor Supply of Highly Skilled Women". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3, nr 3 (1.07.2011): 88–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.3.3.88.

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Low-skilled immigrants represent a significant fraction of employment in services that are close substitutes of household production. This paper studies whether the increased supply of low-skilled immigrants has led high-skilled women, who have the highest opportunity cost of time, to change their time-use decisions. Exploiting cross-city variation in immigrant concentration, we find that low-skilled immigration increases average hours of market work and the probability of working long hours of women at the top quartile of the wage distribution. Consistently, we find that women in this group decrease the time they spend in household work and increase expenditures on housekeeping services. (JEL J16, J22, J24, J61)

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Qiu, Yue, i Tracy Yue Wang. "Skilled Labor Risk and Corporate Policies". Review of Corporate Finance Studies 10, nr 3 (8.05.2021): 437–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rcfs/cfab006.

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Abstract We measure U.S. listed companies’ skilled labor risk—that is, the potential failure in attracting and retaining skilled labor, by the intensity of discussions on this issue in 10-K filings. We show that this measure effectively captures firm risk due to the mobility of skilled labor. We find that an increase from the 25th to the 75th percentile in the skilled labor risk would increase the skilled labor wage by 22% (or $15,593) and also lead to higher equity-based incentive pay. The skilled labor risk also interacts with other corporate policies such as financial leverage, cash holdings, and M&As. (JEL G30, G32, G34, H20, J20, J24, J40, J41) Received September 28, 2020; editorial decision March 12, 2021 by Editor Andrew Ellul.

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Signorini, Angela. "Word reading in Spanish: A comparison between skilled and less skilled beginning readers". Applied Psycholinguistics 18, nr 3 (lipiec 1997): 319–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014271640001050x.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate word reading abilities in first and third grade Spanish-speaking children who were learning to read in Spanish; the performance of skilled and less skilled readers was compared across measures that assessed phonological recoding ability, knowledge of grapheme-phoneme correspondences, and phonemic awareness. The findings suggest that Spanish-speaking children relied on phonological recoding strategies in the process of becoming readers. First grade, less skilled readers seemed to depend on partial letter-sound knowledge. Furthermore, spelling-sound correspondences appeared to be the main source of information used by first grade, skilled readers and third grade, less skilled readers. The latter seemed to lag behind skilled readers in the use of word-specific information. The phonemic awareness tasks displayed moderate to low correlations with reading ability in the less skilled groups. It is argued that the simple phonological structure of Spanish and its shallow orthography lead to the phonological processing of letter strings during reading acquisition.

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Kulu-Glasgow, Isik, Djamila Schans i Monika Smit. "The Dutch battle for highly skilled migrants: policy, implementation and the role of social networks". Migration Letters 15, nr 4 (30.09.2018): 517–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v15i4.7.

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In recent years a growing competition for talent has emerged among developed nations. Policymakers across North-America, Australia and Europe have implemented targeted migration programs to attract global talent in order to gain the net positive effects associated with skilled migration. Research so far has mainly focused on analyzing such programs in traditional destinations for highly skilled migrants such as the United States, Canada and Australia. In this article we take the Netherlands as a case study of the more recent European involvement in the ‘race for talent’. We first describe how ‘highly skilled’ migrants are categorized in the various skilled migration schemes that exist in the Netherlands. Secondly, by using primary data on highly-skilled migrants who participated in one of these schemes we look at whether the policy measures attracted the intended target group. We conclude that policy measures that favor highly skilled migrants by themselves are not enough to attract talent. Having social capital in the Netherlands as well as the recruiting efforts of Dutch employers are more important in attracting highly skilled migrants. Also, being highly skilled does not necessarily mean that access to the Dutch labor market is without obstacles.

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Said, Rusmawati, Kamarul Hidayah Abdul Hamid i Nursyazwani Mazlan. "How Does Immigration Affect Wages and the Unemployment Rate in Malaysia? A Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Approach". Asian Social Science 16, nr 11 (31.10.2020): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v16n11p100.

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Malaysia had approximately 2 million migrants in 2018, and this number was increasing dramatically by 25 percent in 2019. Parallels with the aims of country policy to reduce migrant workers' dependency in 2020, managing the workers needs to be clarified. At the same time, the country still needs to keep them for specific sectors. These issues motivate us to analyze the migrant worker's requirements at different levels of skills and wages. Using Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modeling, at four-level nested CES production function, this study found high skilled migrants will harm wages for the high skilled and skilled groups while the opposite effect was observed for the semiskilled and low-skilled groups. However, when the migrant stock increases slightly below 1 percent, it will reduce the wages for semiskilled workers due to substitution effects. This study also found that the influx of low-skilled migrant workers will reduce salaries for semiskilled and low-skilled workers. The analysis also indicates that a small rise in high skilled immigrant labour will reduce the unemployment rate; likewise, increasing more than 4 percent will increase the unemployment rate. The results provide the policymaker guidelines to employ foreign workers' best skills to control the inequality of wages among skilled and low-skilled workers.

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Parsons, Christopher R., Sebastien Rojon, Lena Rose i Farhan Samanani. "High skilled migration through the lens of policy". Migration Studies 8, nr 3 (5.12.2018): 279–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/migration/mny037.

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Abstract High skilled migrants and the policies designed to attract and select such individuals are widely championed. In formulating and evaluating such policies, however, policy makers and academics alike face significant challenges, since, from the perspective of policy, what it means to be high skilled remains a fluid concept. The resulting ambiguity stymies meaningful international comparisons of the mobility of skills, undermines the design and evaluation of immigration policies and hinders the measurement of human capital. In this paper, we adopt an inductive approach to examine how high skilled migrants are classified based upon states’ unilateral immigration policies, thereby highlighting the difficulties of comparing high skilled policies across countries. We further elucidate the challenges in measuring the outcomes of high skilled migration policies that arise due to differing national priorities in recording high skilled migrants. We conclude by making a number of policy recommendations, which if enacted, would bring clarity to scholars and policy makers alike in terms of being able to meaningfully compare the composition, and assess the efficacy of, high skilled migration policies across countries. In doing so we introduce three datasets comprising: harmonised high skill migration flow data, skilled occupational concordances and high skilled unilateral and bilateral migration policy data, which undergird our analysis and that can be built upon in years to come.

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Ermolaev, Ivan Alekseevich, Evgenii Andreevich Loginov, Aisuluu Rustamovna Madumarova, Aleksei Vyacheslavovich Nesterov i Oksana Alekseevna Morgunova. "Comparative analysis of approaches of the Russian Federation, the United States and Germany towards recruitment of highly skilled migrants (2010–2016)". Конфликтология / nota bene, nr 1 (styczeń 2022): 11–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0617.2022.1.36981.

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The subject of this research is the programs for attracting highly skilled workers in the United States, the Russian Federation, and Germany. The developed countries compete for such valuable and limited resource as highly skilled workforce. It is emphasized that the immigration system and the priority of highly skilled workers in migration flows contributes to the long-term rise in labor productivity, technological innovations, and entrepreneurial development. The currently implemented in the Russian Federation policy of recruiting highly skilled workers leans on the experience of countries that have already embarked on such programs of priority migration. Within the framework of comparative analysis of the category “highly skilled migrant” in the United States, the Russian Federation and Germany, the authors highlight their characteristic features of national approaches towards migration policy. The ambiguity of the term “highly skilled workforce” and national peculiarities of visa policy with regards to migrants are outlined. The need for highly skilled migrants is substantiated with consideration of the global and national factors. Over the period from 2010 to 2016, in the United States the number of H-1B visa applications has increased by 28%, the number of issued H-1B visas by 44%; Germany marks the increase in the number of highly skilled migrants by 8%; the approved visas for highly skilled workers in the Russian Federation amounts to 82%. The article systematizes the relevant methods of recruiting highly skilled specialists in the United States, the Russian Federation and Germany.

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Saah, Farrukh Ishaque, Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang, Joyce Komesuor, Eric Osei, Evelyn Acquah i Hubert Amu. "Involvement of Male Partners in Skilled Birth Care in the North Dayi District, Ghana". International Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2019 (1.07.2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2852861.

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Background. With more than half of the global maternal deaths occurring in sub-Saharan Africa, skilled attendance during childbirth is essential in achieving safer births and lower maternal mortalities. Given that societal ascriptions of gender roles strongly influence the utilisation of skilled care by women, male partner involvement in skilled birth is essential. We explored male partner involvement in skilled birth at the North Dayi District of Ghana. Methods. This qualitative study interviewed 14 mothers and their male partners, together with two health professionals. The participants were purposively recruited using in-depth interviews. Data collected were analysed manually, but thematically. Result. Male partners had inadequate knowledge of childbirth and the skilled birth process as well as possible complications arising during delivery. Even though the male partners demonstrated positive perception towards skilled birth and their involvement in the process, their actual involvement in skilled birth care was generally low. Factors which inhibited most of the male partners from getting involved in skilled birth care were health facility nonconduciveness and occupation. However, motivations to do so were marital commitment and sense of responsibility, past experience, nearness to health facility, and safety and survival of partner and baby. Conclusion. These findings imply that Ghana may not be able to meet the Sustainable Development Goal Three target of reducing its maternal mortality ratio from 216 to below 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030. Stakeholders in Ghana’s health industry need to develop male accommodating skilled birth policies and approaches to promote male involvement in skilled birth care.

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Haq, Jabbar Ul, Sana Khanum i Kashif Imran. "Skill-biased Impact of Trade Liberalization on Employment in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan". Global Economics Review VI, nr II (30.06.2021): 212–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(vi-ii).17.

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This study explores the association between trade liberalization and skilled employment from 1990 to 2005. Our estimation approach analyzes how skilled employment is affected by the protection rate. Trade liberalization and skilled employment are associated. Liberalization has increased skilled employment in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. The findings also indicated a significant link between skilled labor and lagged policy. The results are also robust after including the different trade-related variables. The policy insinuation is that the government should provide free education programs and technical packages in their economies to gain from the benefits of trade liberalization.

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Khoo, Siew-Ean, Peter McDonald, Carmen Voigt-Graf i Graeme Hugo. "A Global Labor Market: Factors Motivating the Sponsorship and Temporary Migration of Skilled Workers to Australia". International Migration Review 41, nr 2 (czerwiec 2007): 480–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2007.00076.x.

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The recruitment of skilled foreign workers is becoming increasingly important to many industrialized countries. This paper examines the factors motivating the sponsorship and temporary migration of skilled workers to Australia under the temporary business entry program, a new development in Australia's migration policy. The importance of labor demand in the destination country in stimulating skilled temporary migration is clearly demonstrated by the reasons given by employers in the study while the reasons indicated by skilled temporary migrants for coming to work in Australia show the importance of both economic and non-economic factors in motivating skilled labor migration.

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Erbeli, Florina, i Karmen Pižorn. "Reading Ability, Reading Fluency and Orthographic Skills: The Case of L1 Slovene English as a Foreign Language Students". Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal 2, nr 3 (30.09.2012): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.350.

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This study examined the difference between less-skilled and skilled L1 Slovene English as foreign language (EFL) students in foreign language (L2) fluency and L2 orthographic skills; 93 less-skilled Grade 7 L1 Slovene students and 102 skilled Grade 7 L1 Slovene students participated in the study. The results showed that skilled readers performed better in all fluency and orthographic skills tasks, as the differences between groups were statistically significant. The correlations among all variables showed that L2 fluency and L2 orthographic skills are positively interrelated among both groups, suggesting that higher L2 fluency scores are associated with higher L2 orthography scores. This outcome implies that less-skilled readers need to be greatly exposed to L2 language and be ensured necessaryopportunities in- or outside the classroom in L2 learning.

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WILLIAMS, SANDRA, i EHUD REITER. "Generating basic skills reports for low-skilled readers". Natural Language Engineering 14, nr 4 (październik 2008): 495–525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324908004725.

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AbstractWe describe SkillSum, a Natural Language Generation (NLG) system that generates a personalised feedback report for someone who has just completed a screening assessment of their basic literacy and numeracy skills. Because many SkillSum users have limited literacy, the generated reports must be easily comprehended by people with limited reading skills; this is the most novel aspect of SkillSum, and the focus of this paper. We used two approaches to maximise readability. First, for determining content and structure (document planning), we did not explicitly model readability, but rather followed a pragmatic approach of repeatedly revising content and structure following pilot experiments and interviews with domain experts. Second, for choosing linguistic expressions (microplanning), we attempted to formulate explicitly the choices that enhanced readability, using a constraints approach and preference rules; our constraints were based on corpus analysis and our preference rules were based on psycholinguistic findings. Evaluation of the SkillSum system was twofold: it compared the usefulness of NLG technology to that of canned text output, and it assessed the effectiveness of the readability model. Results showed that NLG was more effective than canned text at enhancing users' knowledge of their skills, and also suggested that the empirical ‘revise based on experiments and interviews’ approach made a substantial contribution to readability as well as our explicit psycholinguistically inspired models of readability choices.

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Kudlackova, Katerina, David W. Eccles i Kristen Dieffenbach. "Use of relaxation skills in differentially skilled athletes". Psychology of Sport and Exercise 14, nr 4 (lipiec 2013): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.01.007.

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Sunley, Peter, Ron Martin, Ben Gardiner i Andy Pike. "In search of the skilled city: Skills and the occupational evolution of British cities". Urban Studies 57, nr 1 (30.04.2019): 109–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019834249.

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Recent research has argued that human capital has become the key driver of city growth and that there is a widening divergence between high- and low-skill cities. This skilled-city view includes several stylised propositions. The first is that more skills and human capital generate stronger economic growth; the second is that already-skilled cities are becoming ever more skilled; and, the third is that larger cities tend to have stronger concentrations of, and faster growth in, high-skilled, cognitive occupations. Using a detailed data set for occupational change in 85 urban Travel to Work Areas in Britain between 1981 and 2015, this paper evaluates whether these propositions apply to British urban evolution, and how they relate to the ‘hollowing-out’ of medium-skilled jobs. The results confirm the close interactive relationship between growth and high-skilled occupations. However, some of the skilled-city propositions, such as ‘smart cities becoming smarter’, and a positive relationship between agglomeration and high-skilled employment growth, do not apply in Britain where other factors have been more important. The pattern of high-skill growth has shown a strong regional dimension, and the ‘emergence’ of newer smaller cities, particularly in southern England, has been more evident than the ‘resurgence’ of large core and industrial cities.

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Pramadini, Nurin, Inggar Septhia Irawaty i Ashar Saputra. "EFFECT OF THE SKILLED WORKER CERTIFICATION ON THE SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT". Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum 3, nr 1 (29.08.2017): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcef.26592.

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Infrastructure plays an important role in the occurring development process, in which the human resource is an important factor in it. This research was conducted in the work area of the Construction Training Agency Region II Surabaya Unit (Balai Pelatihan Konstruksi Wilayah II Surabaya). The data were collected by using questionnaire or questions list, which was given to the provider and the user of the skilled labor—consisted of 60 people of 30 certified skilled workers and 30 non-certified skilled workers. The data was processed by using SPSS. The result showed that the number of certified skilled workers that know the characteristic of sustainable infrastructure is higher when compared with the non-certified skilled workers. The average 95.4% of certified skilled workers know about the characteristic, while it’s 91.1% in the non-certified skilled workers. Certified workers that implement the characteristic of sustainable infrastructure is of 75.9% and 62.8% of noncertified workers do the aforementioned. According to the calculation, there is some influence between the knowledge of sustainable infrastructure characteristic and the project implementation, based on 57 from total 65 research variables.

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