Artykuły w czasopismach: „Situational crime”

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Clarke, Ronald V. "Situational Crime Prevention". Crime and Justice 19 (styczeń 1995): 91–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/449230.

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Lama, Swikar, i Sikandar Singh Rathore. "Crime Mapping and Crime Analysis of Property Crimes in Jodhpur". International Annals of Criminology 55, nr 2 (listopad 2017): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cri.2017.11.

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AbstractThis study is based on crime mapping and crime analysis of property crimes in Jodhpur. The property crimes which were selected were house breaking, auto thefts and chain snatching. Data from police stations were used to generate the maps to locate hot spots of crimes. The profile of these hot spots was analyzed through observations supplemented with interviews of police officers and public 100 cases of house breaking and 100 cases of auto thefts were further analyzed to understand the contexts which lead to these crimes. These contexts are in consonance with situational crime prevention theories. This study may help to understand the environmental factors which may be responsible for certain places becoming hot spot areas of property crimes in Jodhpur.

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Lynch, Michael J., Paul B. Stretesky i Michael A. Long. "Situational Crime Prevention and the Ecological Regulation of Green Crime: A Review and Discussion". ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 679, nr 1 (20.08.2018): 178–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716218789080.

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Situational crime prevention theory suggests the need for innovative, non-criminal-justice polices to control crime, but that approach has not been widely employed by criminologists addressing the control of environmental crime. Numerous examples of innovative environmental social control practices can be found outside of the criminological literature; but within criminology, such studies have most often been undertaken by conservation criminologists, while green criminologists have undertaken empirical studies illustrating the ineffectiveness of traditional, punitive responses to environmental crime. Here, we briefly review the use of situational crime prevention theory and research by conservation criminologists and provide examples of environmental social control policies used by various nations that are consistent with situational crime prevention arguments. We also note that research and theory in other disciplines suggest that crime is produced by larger structural economic forces, indicating that situational crime prevention alone is likely not sufficient to control environmental crime.

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Korsell, Lars. "Regulating Organized Crime". ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 679, nr 1 (20.08.2018): 158–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716218782654.

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A significant percentage of organized crime exploits regulated markets by offering services and goods without complying with relevant regulations. This may include offers of “tax-free” goods such as tobacco and alcohol, or unreported employment. Although regulatory schemes may in this way create opportunities for organized crime, situational crime prevention can also be built into, or established ancillary to, regulations. This article discusses the significant opportunities for crime prevention in regulatory schemes by using situational crime prevention as an analytical tool. I show how incorporating crime prevention rules into legislation—a step customarily known as “crime proofing”—combats organized crime by using administrative measures.

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Coyne, Michelle A., i John E. Eck. "Situational Choice and Crime Events". Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 31, nr 1 (13.10.2014): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986214552605.

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Freilich, Joshua D. "Beccaria and Situational Crime Prevention". Criminal Justice Review 40, nr 2 (17.09.2014): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016814550815.

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Wilcox, Pamela, i Francis T. Cullen. "Situational Opportunity Theories of Crime". Annual Review of Criminology 1, nr 1 (13.01.2018): 123–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-032317-092421.

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Brantingham, Patricia L., i Paul J. Brantingham. "Situational Crime Prevention in Practice". Canadian Journal of Criminology 32, nr 1 (styczeń 1990): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjcrim.32.1.17.

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Kleemans, Edward R., Melvin R. J. Soudijn i Anton W. Weenink. "Organized crime, situational crime prevention and routine activity theory". Trends in Organized Crime 15, nr 2-3 (3.08.2012): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12117-012-9173-1.

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Evans, Ieuan, Jon Heron, Joseph Murray, Matthew Hickman i Gemma Hammerton. "The Influence of Alcohol Consumption on Fighting, Shoplifting and Vandalism in Young Adults". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 7 (28.03.2021): 3509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073509.

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Experimental studies support the conventional belief that people behave more aggressively whilst under the influence of alcohol. To examine how these experimental findings manifest in real life situations, this study uses a method for estimating evidence for causality with observational data—‘situational decomposition’ to examine the association between alcohol consumption and crime in young adults from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Self-report questionnaires were completed at age 24 years to assess typical alcohol consumption and frequency, participation in fighting, shoplifting and vandalism in the previous year, and whether these crimes were committed under the influence of alcohol. Situational decomposition compares the strength of two associations, (1) the total association between alcohol consumption and crime (sober or intoxicated) versus (2) the association between alcohol consumption and crime committed while sober. There was an association between typical alcohol consumption and total crime for fighting [OR (95% CI): 1.47 (1.29, 1.67)], shoplifting [OR (95% CI): 1.25 (1.12, 1.40)], and vandalism [OR (95% CI): 1.33 (1.12, 1.57)]. The associations for both fighting and shoplifting had a small causal component (with the association for sober crime slightly smaller than the association for total crime). However, the association for vandalism had a larger causal component.

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Felson, Marcus. "Policy Levels for Situational Crime Prevention". ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 679, nr 1 (20.08.2018): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716218787471.

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An organizing framework is useful for scientific progress as well as the application of knowledge in practical situations. This article advocates supplementing the classification of situational crime prevention methods, proposing seven levels of classification for how crime prevention policy is applied. The seven levels are organized by distance from the criminal event, and examples of application are offered in liquor control and auto theft reduction.

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Hodgkinson, Tarah, i Graham Farrell. "Situational crime prevention and Public Safety Canada’s crime-prevention programme". Security Journal 31, nr 1 (28.04.2017): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41284-017-0103-4.

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Ozkan, Murat. "A paradigm shift in policing: Crime reduction through problem oriented policing". Journal of Human Sciences 13, nr 1 (11.04.2016): 2032. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v13i1.3764.

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The opportunity theories of crime regards opportunity as a root cause and focus attention on the crime rather than the criminal. In the practical crime prevention efforts, this theoretical framework paved the way for innovative policing strategies like problem oriented policing and situational crime prevention. Policy makers and practitioners accept the motivated offender as given and gather the efforts to prevent offenders accessing sufficient means and opportunities for a crime to occur. This paper describes the link between opportunity theories of crime and successful crime reduction efforts stemmed from them. It entails problem oriented policing and situational crime prevention techniques. Crime is not evenly distributed. It concentrates differently on places, offenders and persons. This paper then describes the fundamental discussion of crime distribution on hot places, targets, products, offenders and victims. Major works and findings in the field of environmental criminology is presented by describing hot spots and crime distribution, and crime patterns. The paper finally presents an evaluation of these approaches.

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Schepers, Debbie. "Causes of the causes of juvenile delinquency: Social disadvantages in the context of Situational Action Theory". European Journal of Criminology 14, nr 2 (24.07.2016): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370816649622.

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This article focuses on the relationship between crime and social disadvantages by applying Situational Action Theory (Wikström 2006, 2009; Wikström et al., 2012) to explain the delinquent behaviour of adolescents. According to Situational Action Theory, criminal acts are the result of a perception-choice process that is guided by the interaction of a person’s crime propensity and the criminogenic conditions of the environment. Social disadvantages are not causes of criminal behaviour but rather causes of the causes. Social disadvantages affect the emergence of crime propensity and criminogenic exposure of individuals. This relationship between crime and disadvantages in the context of Situational Action Theory will be empirically tested by applying structural equation modelling and testing for indirect effects of several structural heterogeneities. The results show that the relationship between heterogeneity features and delinquency for the most part is mediated by the theoretical assumptions of SAT.

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Foshaugen, Marina Hiller. "Politi og arkitekters forebyggingslogikker: Forståelser av kriminalitetsforebyggende arbeid i offentlige rom". Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 107, nr 2 (6.06.2020): 158–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v107i2.124871.

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AbstractThis article focuses on crime prevention through architecture, environmental design and other situational modifications to public space. Today’s crime control is characterized by a continuously expanding focus on prevention and the proliferation of new contributions to preventive work. In the literature, the situational crime prevention approach is an acknowledged and well-known field in which strategies have been used to reduce crime in public spaces for decades. In Norway, however, this remains an area of crime prevention with little empirical data. The current study therefore attempts to fill this gap in Norwegian research. Based on interviews with architects and police personnel, the article explores these actors interpret and understand prevention through architecture, environment and physical design. The main aim is to examine approaches to crime prevention in public spaces in regards to safety, security, risk and social control.

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Brantingham, Patricia, Paul Brantingham i Wendy Taylor. "Situational Crime Prevention as a Key Component in Embedded Crime Prevention". Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 47, nr 2 (kwiecień 2005): 271–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.47.2.271.

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Huisman, W., i J. van Erp. "Opportunities for Environmental Crime: A Test of Situational Crime Prevention Theory". British Journal of Criminology 53, nr 6 (29.06.2013): 1178–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azt036.

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Nolan, III, James J., Norman Conti i Jack Mcdevitt. "Situational policing: neighbourhood development and crime control". Policing and Society 14, nr 2 (czerwiec 2004): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439460410001674965.

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Mandala, Marissa, i Joshua D. Freilich. "Disrupting Terrorist Assassinations Through Situational Crime Prevention". Crime & Delinquency 64, nr 12 (10.07.2017): 1515–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128717718488.

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This article uses environmental criminology and situational crime prevention (SCP) to devise a series of hypotheses to determine the factors that distinguish successful from unsuccessful assassination incidents. We analyzed a random sample of 100 successful and 100 unsuccessful assassination incidents from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) that occurred between 2005 and 2014. We then consulted open sources to create new SCP variables that we added to the original GTD data. The hypotheses were tested in a binary logistic regression. Results show that successful assassinations are associated with several SCP measures, including weapon type, fatalities, terrorist proximity to target, and attack and target location.

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Birkbeck, Christopher, i Gary LaFree. "The Situational Analysis of Crime and Deviance". Annual Review of Sociology 19, nr 1 (sierpień 1993): 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.19.080193.000553.

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Lee, Daniel R. "Understanding and Applying Situational Crime Prevention Strategies". Criminal Justice Policy Review 21, nr 3 (11.05.2010): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403410370202.

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Gruenewald, Jeff, Grant Drawve i Brent L. Smith. "The Situated Contexts of American Terrorism: A Conjunctive Analysis of Case Configurations". Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, nr 6 (16.04.2019): 884–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854819842900.

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This study examines how combinations of situational factors are associated with patterns of terrorist success and failure. We apply Sacco and Kennedy’s criminal event perspective and Clarke and Newman’s situational crime prevention approach to the study of terrorist opportunity structures. Using data from the American Terrorism Study (ATS), we employ conjunctive analysis to investigate how opportunities for terrorist attacks and prevention are situationally positioned. We ask, “What combinations of terrorists’ ideological and situational factors are associated with terrorist outcomes in the United States?” While our findings generally show that the simplest forms of terrorism, including combinations of lone actors using unsophisticated weapons against nonhuman targets after little preparation, are associated with successful outcomes, there is heterogeneity in situated opportunities for preparing for and committing terrorism across terrorism movements. Our findings add insights into terrorism prevention strategies and help build a foundation for future comparative research on terrorism outcomes.

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Gönültaş, Burak M., i Bahadir Sahin. "Event Locations in Extra-Familial Child Sexual Molestation Cases: The Istanbul Example". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, nr 5 (17.10.2016): 1164–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x16673373.

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A great deal of attention has been devoted to sexual molestation cases, both in theory and in practice. Child molesters are versatile and are not easily identified. Various theories and tactics, the most contemporary of which is environmental criminology, have been developed to find those criminals. Locations of victims, crime scenes, and distances among them as well as other situational variables are used to predict possible future offences in environmental criminology. This study applies the theory to sexual molestation crimes in Istanbul. Dependent distance variables are found to be correlated with several situational variables in a selected sample of 127 extra-familial child sexual molestation cases.

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Hine, Kelly Amy, Louise E. Porter i Janet Ransley. "An environmental approach to police misconduct: exploring situational prevention possibilities to understanding and preventing police misconduct". Policing: An International Journal 43, nr 6 (30.11.2020): 893–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-07-2020-0119.

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PurposeThis paper explores the applicability of environmental theories to understanding patterns of police misconduct. In turn, it aims to offer a method for identifying prevention techniques that can be practically applied by policing agencies.Design/methodology/approachThe study empirically examined 84 substantiated matters of police misconduct in Queensland, Australia. The matters were content-analysed for elements of the first level of the crime triangle. These elements were then analysed to identify their relationships with the situational precipitators that initiated the misconduct; proactive misconduct and situational misconduct.FindingsThe two types of initiating misconduct had differing relationships with the crime triangle elements. Therefore, specific prevention techniques can be tailored by policing agencies to address and prevent each type of misconduct more successfully. The paper discusses these findings in terms of preventative measures according to the second preventative level of the crime triangle and situational crime prevention techniques.Originality/valueThis paper provides an alternative approach to understanding and preventing police misconduct by exploring the applicability of environmental theories. It finds that environmental theories offer a feasible approach for policing agencies to understand and tailor prevention of police misconduct in their jurisdictions.

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FREE, GARY, i CHRISTOPHER BIRKBECK. "THE NEGLECTED SITUATION: A CROSSNATIONAL STUDY OF THE SITUATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIME*". Criminology 29, nr 1 (luty 1991): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1991.tb01059.x.

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Wong, Rebecca WY. "‘Do you know where I can buy ivory?’: The illegal sale of worked ivory products in Hong Kong". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 51, nr 2 (8.08.2017): 204–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865817722186.

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Set against the theoretical framework of situational crime prevention theory, this paper analyses the illegal sale of worked ivory products in Hong Kong, which is the city with the highest number of worked ivory products for retail sale in the world. Based on qualitative interviews and open sources, this paper shows that legalising the sale of products made from mammoth tusk and pre-1989 ivory, the low risk of detection, high rewards, justifications made by offenders, and unique situational conditions have collectively (and indirectly) created opportunities for traders to sell worked ivory items illegally in Hong Kong. This paper concludes by offering a discussion on why the illegal sale of ivory products cannot be prevented with situational crime prevention preventive strategies in the long run.

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von Lampe, Klaus. "The application of the framework of Situational Crime Prevention to ‘organized crime’". Criminology & Criminal Justice 11, nr 2 (kwiecień 2011): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895811398459.

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Richards, Owain, i Vincent Harinam. "Tracking Police Arrests of Intimate Partner Domestic Abuse Suspects in London: a Situational Factors Analysis". Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing 4, nr 3-4 (18.08.2020): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41887-020-00047-y.

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Abstract Research Question What were the odds of named suspects being arrested for a reported crime of intimate partner abuse over one 12-month period in one area of London (UK), and how did those odds vary across twelve predictive situational characteristics, including the presence or absence of the suspect? Data This study analyses 1000 intimate partner domestic abuse (DA) crimes recorded in the South West Basic Command Unit of the London Metropolitan Police Service in the 12 months between 1 February 2018 and 31 January 2019. Methods Twelve factors present at the time of police recording an intimate partner abuse crime were analysed in an odds ratio analysis predicting whether a named suspect would be arrested for the crime. Separate analyses were conducted for cases in which the suspect was present at the time police arrived to interview the victim and in cases in which the suspect was absent. Analyses were also conducted by crime type and crime severity scores, with a descriptive analysis of reasons police gave for not making arrests. Findings Police arrested the suspect in 90% of the 287 cases in which suspects were present when police arrived, and in 47% of the 713 cases in which the suspect was absent on arrival. There was no difference in crime severity scores between cases in which arrests were made vs. not. After suspect absence, victim unwillingness to press charges was the second strongest predictor of no arrest being made, with 21% reported unwilling to cooperate when suspects were present and 29% unwilling when suspects were absent. Arrests were more likely when suspects were male than female and less likely with male victims than female victims. Conclusions These data show that in an area housing about 12% of London’s population, police make arrests in 90% of intimate partner crimes when the suspect is still present at the scene, and almost half of those in which suspects leave before police arrive. The primary predictor of non-arrest, controlling for offender absence, is victim unwillingness to support prosecution. Various policy options can be considered in light of these findings.

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Lindegaard, Marie Rosenkrantz, i Wim Bernasco. "Lessons Learned from Crime Caught on Camera". Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 55, nr 1 (16.01.2018): 155–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427817727830.

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Objectives: The widespread use of camera surveillance in public places offers criminologists the opportunity to systematically and unobtrusively observe crime, their main subject matter. The purpose of this essay is to inform the reader of current developments in research on crimes caught on camera. Methods: We address the importance of direct observation of behavior and review criminological studies that used observational methods, with and without cameras, including the ones published in this issue. We also discuss the uses of camera recordings in other social sciences and in biology. Results: We formulate six key insights that emerge from the literature and make recommendations for future research. Conclusions: Camera recordings of real-life crime are likely to become part of the criminological tool kit that will help us better understand the situational and interactional elements of crime. Like any source, it has limitations that are best addressed by triangulation with other sources.

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Patel, Nirpat. "Situational Crime Prevention: A Study in Indian Context". IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science 13, nr 4 (2013): 06–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-1340612.

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Auerhahn, Kathleen, Andrew von Hirsch, David Garland i Alison Wakefield. "Ethical and Social Perspectives on Situational Crime Prevention". Contemporary Sociology 31, nr 4 (lipiec 2002): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3089126.

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Elffers, Henk. "Situational crime prevention in the international supply chain". Tijdschrift voor Criminologie 56, nr 2 (czerwiec 2014): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/tvc/0165182x2014056002009.

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Denno, Deborah W. "Victim, Offender, and Situational Characteristics of Violent Crime". Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-) 77, nr 4 (1986): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1143671.

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West, Gordon. "Ethical and Social Perspectives on Situational Crime Prevention". International Criminal Justice Review 14, nr 1 (maj 2004): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105756770401400123.

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Craig, Jessica M. "Extending Situational Action Theory to White-Collar Crime". Deviant Behavior 40, nr 2 (21.02.2018): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2017.1420444.

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Verma, Arvind. "Anatomy of Riots: A Situational Crime Prevention Approach". Crime Prevention and Community Safety 9, nr 3 (lipiec 2007): 201–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.cpcs.8150044.

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Knepper, Paul. "How Situational Crime Prevention Contributes to Social Welfare". Liverpool Law Review 30, nr 1 (kwiecień 2009): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10991-009-9051-3.

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Estévez-Soto, Patricio R. "Determinants of extortion compliance: Empirical evidence from a victimization survey". British Journal of Criminology 61, nr 5 (2.03.2021): 1187–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azab007.

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Abstract This article focuses on the situational-, victim- and area-level determinants of extortion compliance. Extortion, a quintessential organized crime, is one of the most common crimes in Mexico. However, compliance with extortion demands is relatively rare. Previous research suggests that compliance with extortion depends on the perceived risk of punishment for non-compliance. However, most research has been theoretical or experimental. The article offers empirical evidence of patterns of extortion compliance based on data from a large commercial victimization survey conducted in Mexico. Findings suggest that situational factors (extortion type, the presence of weapons and number of offenders) are the main determinants of extortion compliance. Victim- and area-level variables have comparatively smaller effects. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

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Clarke, Ronald V. "Regulating Crime: The Birth of the Idea, Its Nurture, and the Implications for Contemporary Criminology". ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 679, nr 1 (20.08.2018): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716218775031.

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This volume’s contention that regulations have a powerful role in crime control contradicts the prevailing positivism of criminology—that is, the contention that criminality is largely explained by criminals’ past experiences. This article draws upon recent critiques of positivism and explains the implications for contemporary criminology. It begins by describing the ideas of a London magistrate, Patrick Colquhoun, about the determinants of crime and the best means of its control. Colquhoun’s writings were the first developed discussion of regulating crime, but they were soon eclipsed by positivist thinking. I list numerous weakness of positivism and argue that, instead of seeing offenders’ behavior as determined by their past, greater account should be taken of the situational inducements and opportunities to commit crime that they encounter in their everyday lives. Instead of positivism, the dominant model of criminology and crime control should be a neoclassicist, bounded rational choice model, which would introduce situational design and management changes to restrict offenders choices and modify behavior. That change in orientation would open limitless opportunities for criminologists.

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Kessler, Georg, i Jost Reinecke. "Dynamics of the Causes Of Crime: a Life-Course Application of Situational Action Theory for the Transition from Adolescence to Adulthood". Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology 7, nr 2 (6.03.2021): 229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40865-021-00161-z.

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Abstract Purpose According to the Developmental Ecological Action Model (DEA) of the situational action theory (SAT), changes in crime rates over the life-course are explained through personal (moral) maturation and socio-ecological selection. This assumption is empirically tested by comparing results for the conditioning effect of the principle of moral correspondence (as an essential part of SAT’s perception-choice process) on crime rates for the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Methods Comparing two waves of a German longitudinal study (CrimoC, 17 and 26 years old, n = 1738), a series of logistic and multinomial logistic regressions and ensuing estimated transition probabilities capture the cross-sectional but also developmental processes involved. Additionally, the CrimoC study offers a differential analysis of offending scales, separating offenses into youth and adult crimes. Results The principle’s conditioning effect on crime could be replicated at both times. We can observe a general trend of individual transitions, which correspond to predicted personal maturation and socio-ecological selection. The transitions correlate with the expected reduction in crime rates over time. Males and females show comparable results. The separation into different offending scales yielded tentative insights. Conclusion We found stability in the mechanisms leading to crime as proffered by SAT and DEA across time. Personal (moral) maturation and socio-ecological selection are likely to be the driving forces behind reducing crime in adulthood. Future research needs to explain in detail how life-course events influence these factors. Considering adult crimes in the analysis is a promising endeavor that warrants further investigation.

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Gilmour, Nicholas. "Preventing money laundering: a test of situational crime prevention theory". Journal of Money Laundering Control 19, nr 4 (3.10.2016): 376–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-10-2015-0045.

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Purpose This paper aims to discuss the findings of a UK-based research study that sought to explore the applicability of situational crime prevention towards money laundering undertaken through the purchasing of high-value portable commodities. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents exploratory findings from research conducted between 2011 and 2013 in the UK. The research sought to identify the process, steps and vulnerabilities behind money laundering through the purchasing of high-value portable commodities and whether the introduction of situational crime prevention techniques could reduce vulnerabilities in the existing environment. Findings Despite significant research into money laundering typologies, the use of high-value portable commodities has remained largely untouched, regardless of the increased implementation of anti-money laundering policies and procedures. This paper demonstrates how the purchasing of high-value portable commodities is extremely vulnerable to money laundering – while identifying how the successful application of situational crime prevention is possible – but inherently it depends on various characteristics directly and indirectly facilitating each stage of the money laundering process. Research limitations/implications This paper is of value to government policymakers, regulators and financial institutions considering future preventative measures. It is also of value to financial investigators and law enforcement agencies intent on investigating money laundering. While the paper relies on data from the UK, the overall findings are such that wherever cash-intensive businesses exist, so too does the opportunity for money laundering through the financial arrangement retained by such businesses. Originality/value This paper presents new research on the direct link existing between high-value portable commodities and money laundering in the UK and the viability of techniques for situational crime prevention despite significant research having previously taken place to identify and develop money laundering typologies.

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Nassauer, Anne. "How Robberies Succeed or Fail". Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 55, nr 1 (16.01.2018): 125–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427817715754.

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Objective: This article analyzes how convenience store robberies work and why some take an unexpected turn and fail. It examines the situational dynamics of crime by studying behavioral and emotional dynamics between clerks and perpetrators during robberies comparatively. The focus is on perpetrators’ displays of threats and clerks’ seemingly irrational acts of noncompliance and resistance. Method: The sample is comprised of 20 successful and failed robberies in the United States between 2010 and 2016. By qualitatively analyzing closed-circuit television (CCTV) recordings, the study assesses what happens during such crimes. Analyzing footage uploaded to online video platforms such as YouTube, the study uses growing databases so far unexplored by sociological and criminological research. Findings suggest that successful store robberies follow specific situational rituals in which actors display adequate behaviors and emotions. Rituals are broken if perpetrators or victims act out of character and display, even unintentionally, unexpected behaviors or emotions. Conclusion: This exploratory study suggests that microlevel factors play a crucial role in what manifests as a robbery versus attempted robbery. Further, it highlights challenges and advantages of analyzing CCTV recordings uploaded online when studying crime caught on camera.

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Fox, Bryanna Hahn, i David P. Farrington. "Is the Development of Offenders Related to Crime Scene Behaviors for Burglary? Including Situational Influences in Developmental and Life-Course Theories of Crime". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 60, nr 16 (28.07.2016): 1897–927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x15621982.

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Developmental and life-course (DLC) theories of crime aim to identify the causes and correlates of offending over the life span, focusing on the within-individual variations that result in criminal and delinquent behavior. Although there are several notable theories in the field, few contain both developmental and situational factors related to offending, and none explain why individuals commit crimes in different ways. This study aims to address these issues by developing typologies of burglars based on developmental and situational characteristics to help identify the various criminal career paths of the offenders, and how these different criminal careers may relate to the commission of offenses. Results of this study indicate that there are five different criminal career paths among the sampled burglars and four different styles of committing the same offense, and that burglars with certain criminal career features tend to commit a specific style of burglary. Through this research, we aim to extend DLC theories to create a more practical and contextual explanation of the relationship between criminal careers and the commission of offenses, and increase the level of within-individual explained variance in criminal behavior.

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Kroneberg, Clemens, i Sonja Schulz. "Revisiting the role of self-control in Situational Action Theory". European Journal of Criminology 15, nr 1 (styczeń 2018): 56–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370817732189.

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Wikström’s Situational Action Theory of Crime Causation (SAT) aims at providing a comprehensive account of the action-generating mechanisms that underlie rule-breaking. Paying tribute to the longstanding criminological interest in self-control, SAT also entails a new view of this concept and its role in crime causation. SAT claims that morality is the more fundamental determinant of rule-breaking and that self-control should become relevant only when actors enter a process of deliberation on whether or not to break a rule. Our contribution is twofold: theoretically, we discuss the role of self-control in SAT and derive previously untested implications; empirically, we evaluate these implications based on data from a large German panel study and thereby advance our understanding of when and how self-control matters for crime and delinquency.

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Xu, Jianhua. "Drive-Away Policing and Situational Crime Prevention in China". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 56, nr 2 (23.02.2011): 239–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x10395715.

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Shane, Jon M., Eric L. Piza i Jason R. Silva. "Piracy for ransom: the implications for situational crime prevention". Security Journal 31, nr 2 (20.09.2017): 548–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41284-017-0115-0.

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Busbee, Mark. "Campus Security: Situational Crime Prevention in High Density Environments". Security Journal 15, nr 2 (kwiecień 2002): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.sj.8340114.

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O'Neill, Lauren, i Jean Marie McGloin. "Considering the efficacy of situational crime prevention in schools". Journal of Criminal Justice 35, nr 5 (wrzesień 2007): 511–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2007.07.004.

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Middleton, David J., i Michael Levi. "The role of solicitors in facilitating ?Organized Crime?: Situational crime opportunities and their regulation". Crime, Law and Social Change 42, nr 2-3 (styczeń 2005): 123–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10611-005-5655-2.

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Kabiri, Saeed, Seyyedeh Masoomeh (Shamila) Shadmanfaat, Kanika Samuels-Wortley i Owen Gallupe. "Does Moral Identity Matter in Situational Action Theory? Some Evidence of Iranian Fans’ Cyberbullying Perpetration". International Criminal Justice Review 30, nr 4 (20.07.2020): 406–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567720941584.

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Situational action theory (SAT) posits that morality plays a core role in determining whether situations are viewed as suitable for crime. However, little attention has been paid to moral identity, the degree to which a person considers morality to occupy a central position in their view of themselves. Using a convenience sample of Iranian soccer fans ( N = 374), we test both the direct and moderated role of moral identity in explaining cyberbullying, an outcome that differs from most SAT research focusing on violent/property crime. We find that fans with a weaker moral identity tend to engage in more cyberbullying and that moral identity significantly interacts with a number of SAT-derived predictors (moral emotions, self-control, perceptual deterrence, and situational morality) in expected ways.

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