Rozprawy doktorskie: „Situational crime”

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Gibbs, Stephen. "Applying the theory and techniques of situational criminology to counterinsurgency operations reducing insurgency through situational prevention /". Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FGibbs.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.
Thesis Advisor(s): Hy, Rothstein ; Second Reader: Freeman, Michael. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 13, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Situational prevention, criminology, environmental criminology, counterinsurgency, counterinsurgency operations, deterrence, crime prevention through environmental design, CPTED, security fence, Israeli security fence, operation cul-de - sac, OCDS, opportunity theory, opportunity structure, targets, tools, weapons, facilitating conditions Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-57). Also available in print.

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Holland, Jill. "Creating safer communities : the value of situational crime prevention". Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443223.

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Farina, Katie A. "The effects of situational crime prevention on crime and fear among college campuses and students". Click here for download, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1691866981&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Tekin, Derya. "An evaluation of situational crime prevention in football in Turkey". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.728676.

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The available literature on so-called hooliganism in Europe has been predominantly concerned with explanations in which football violence is assumed to be a manifestation of violent subcultures and with socially-orientated methods of prevention. Unlike the hegemonic theoretical approach in the field, this thesis is concerned with the formation of football-related crime, which it treats as a situated event, rather than criminality, which historically has been regarded as a social, biological or psychological phenomenon. By explicitly favouring the situational approach to crime prevention, the thesis provides an informative insight into how football-related crime prevention strategies are perceived and interpreted by intended targets, namely football fans, in Turkey. Symbolic interaction theory is employed as the assistant theoretical framework when making sense fans’ attitudes towards different situational crime prevention (SCP) techniques. The perspectives of the intended targets in relation to the relevant techniques are revealed through semi-structured interviews conducted with the representatives of the fan groups of Fenerbahge, one of the major football teams in Turkey. Using Fenerbahge as a single-case, the multiple and complex social realities underlying the reactions against and the attitudes towards football-related crime control in Turkey are explained and the core principles of the latest SCP model which are likely to improve fans’ perceptions are outlined. The interactionist approach also explains individual differences in provocation which is acknowledged as an important situational precipitator in relation to violent crime. The value of precipitator-control within the Turkish football context is accordingly revealed.

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Unal, Mehmet. "Application of Situational Crime Prevention to Cross-Border Heroin Trafficking in Turkey". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1258476034.

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Akbas, Halil. "Application of Situational Crime Prevention to Female Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation in Turkey". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1258724618.

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Leontiadis, Nektarios. "Structuring Disincentives for Online Criminals". Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/454.

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This thesis considers the structural characteristics of online criminal networks from a technical and an economic perspective. Through large-scale measurements, we empirically describe some salient elements of the online criminal infrastructures, and we derive economic models characterizing the associated monetization paths enabling criminal profitability. This analysis reveals the existence of structural choke points: components of online criminal operations being limited in number, and critical for the operations’ profitability. Consequently, interventions targeting such components can reduce the opportunities and incentives to engage in online crime through an increase in criminal operational costs, and in the risk of apprehension. We define a methodology describing the process of distilling the knowledge gained from the empirical measurements on the criminal infrastructures towards identifying and evaluating appropriate countermeasures. We argue that countermeasures, as defined in the context of situational crime prevention, can be effective for a long-term reduction in the occurrence of online crime.

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Hardie, Beth Nicole. "Why monitoring doesn't always matter : the situational role of parental monitoring in adolescent crime". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269284.

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Parental monitoring of settings is not always relevant for the prevention of adolescent crime because adolescents with strong personal moral rules and the ability to exercise self control are unlikely to offend even when they are unsupervised and know that their parents have little knowledge about their activities. Parental monitoring, commonly operationalised as parental supervision or parental knowledge, is often shown to have a negative relationship with crime involvement. However, research often ignores both the mechanism by which these relationships occur and the conditions under which they might (and might not) be found. This thesis uses specialist Space-Time Budget data (from the Peterborough Adolescent and Young Adult Development Study) to allow the comparison of adolescent crime rates in settings characterised by the of convergence of i) the physical presence or absence of parents and other guardians, ii) the psychological presence or absence of parents (represented by adolescent-perceived generalised parental knowledge of the circumstances of unsupervised activity) and iii) personal crime propensity (moral rules and ability to exercise self control). The conclusion derived from the results is that the physical presence of parents and other guardians in settings reduces the rate of adolescent crime committed in those settings; and the psychological presence of parents reduces the criminogenic impact of unsupervised time. Crucially however, these effects of parental monitoring are almost irrelevant for adolescents with a lower personal crime propensity, who are not likely to offend in settings irrespective of the physical or psychological absence of parents and other guardians. These findings provide support for person-environment interactions inherent in the causal model of Situational Action Theory, and provide a novel addition to evidence that could be used in future to inform policy-relevant recommendations concerning parenting behaviour and adolescent offending. Although this thesis provides new evidence about the relationship between parental monitoring and crime, the bulk of its contribution is relevant to a much wider audience. It contributes to the debate on approaches to the study of crime and crime prevention, adds clarity to key concepts and develops theoretical arguments in the field of parental monitoring and crime, develops a novel application of Situational Action Theory, extends theoretical and methodological discussions surrounding situational analysis, applies novel data and analytical methods to the study of the psychological and physical presence of guardians, generates and situates unique findings about the situational role of aspects of parental monitoring and crime, and makes some policy recommendations and suggestions about the nature and direction of future research.

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HURLEY, DAVID C. "CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION: THE CINCNNATI EXPERIENCE". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1043678850.

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Christensen, Warren. "Nipped in the bud : a situational crime prevention approach to the prevention of bushfire arson /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19432.pdf.

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Gilmour, Nicholas John. "Improving the prevention of money laundering in the United Kingdom : a situational crime prevention approach". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2013. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/improving-the-prevention-of-money-laundering-in-the-united-kingdom(8ca206d0-fc37-469e-8717-653eb68b41c3).html.

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The aim of this research study was to build upon the continuing interest around the applicability of situational crime prevention to tackle many forms of crime, including organised crimes. Using money laundering as the specific crime type, this study focused on two specific methods, namely cash intensive businesses and the purchasing of high value portable commodities to determine whether situational crime prevention could improve or enhance current preventative measures within the United Kingdom.

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Yuen, Chi-kin Luke, i 阮子健. "Situational crime prevention and residential burglary: a study in the New Territories (North) region in HongKong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978253.

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Ivsjö, Clara, i Maria Haglöf. ""I den bästa av världar skulle man haft ännu mer samarbete, hela tiden" : En kvalitativ studie om nybyggnation av en stadsdelspark ur ett brottsförebyggande- och trygghetsskapande perspektiv". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Kriminologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33061.

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Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka hur samarbetet sett ut mellan olika aktörer, när det gäller att skapa en stadsdelpark. Detta ur ett brottsförebyggande- och trygghetsskapande perspektiv. Även att undersöka hur det brottsförebyggande- och trygghetsskapande perspektivet balanseras med det estetiska. Material från semistrukturerade intervjuer med nyckelaktörer samt dokument som rör processen har legat till grund för en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Den teoretiska ramen vi har använt är rutinaktivitetsteorin, situationell brottsprevention samt CPTED. Resultatet visade att samarbetet mellan parterna inte var närvarande i urspungsplaneringen. Vidare belyser alla inblandade att detta kan ses som en lärdom till framtida projekt, då det möjligen hade mynnat ut i ett annat utförande av parken i vissa avseenden. Komplexiteten i att balansera brottsförebyggande och estetiska åtgärder synliggörs, och man kan se är att de åtgärder som nu sätts in är för att åtgärda problem som uppstått. Vilket möjligen kunde förebyggts om det beaktats i planeringen.
The purpose of our study has been to examine, from a crime prevention- and safety perspective, the cooperation between key-actors in creating an urban park. Material from semi-structured interviews with key- actors as well as documents relating to the process have been the basis for a qualitative content analysis. The theoretical framework we have used is routine activity theory, situational crime prevention and CPTED. The result showed that cooperation between the parties was not present in the initial planning. Furthermore, everyone involved emphasizes that it could be a lesson for future projects, which possibly could have resulted in another embodiment of the park in some respects. The complexity of balancing crime prevention and aesthetic measures is highlighted, and the action that is now being taken are to address problems that have arisen. Which could possibly have been prevented if it had been considered in the planning.

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Yuen, Chi-kin Luke. "Situational crime prevention and residential burglary : a study in the New Territories (North) region in Hong Kong /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1864983X.

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Flysjö, Lars. "A script analysis of organized crime in the Swedish construction industry". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för kriminologi (KR), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-41840.

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Background: Organized crime and the construction industry in relation to prevention and theoretical perspectives are understudied areas. Aims and method: This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of organized and financial crime in the Swedish construction industry and map the blind spots for control mechanisms and crime prevention. The purpose is to identify the structure of opportunities for organized crime in the Swedish construction industry through crime script analysis. Results: Two generalizable scripts following a similar modus operandi emerged, the “corporate looting” script and the “invoice factory” script. The peripheral involvement of organized crime groups indicates that there is a point in distinguishing between the actors and actions. Conclusions: Interventions should target intermediaries, earlier stages, and situations where the script enters the legal market. Further integration of macro-level analysis with crime script analysis can contribute to the formulation of effective crime prevention strategies.

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Maimon, David. "THE CIRCLES OF CONTROL: INTEGRATING CONTROL AND SITUATIONAL EXPLANATIONS OF CRIME IN THE STUDY OF ADOLESCENTS’ VIOLENT ENCOUNTERS". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1242223567.

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Hartman, Hampus. "Fear of Crime- Among Business Representatives and how it is Affected Through the Security Measures of the Business". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25339.

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This study examines how fear of crime is altered in regards to crime-preventive strategies and programs among individuals within businesses. The study also investigates whether perceived risk, previous victimization, and demographics influence the individuals within the businesses fear of crime against their businesses. Based on a theoretical discussion derived from the Vulnerability Perspective, Indirect and Direct Experience with Crime, Ecological Perspective, and the Situational Crime Prevention perspective, this study assesses how individuals within businesses fear of crime affects the business crime-preventive strategies and programs, and vice versa. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with high level participants and business owners from different industries. It is concluded that the general fear of crime among the interviewees businesses are considered as none, or very low. Most security measures in regards to these types of crimes are used because of standards, rather than influenced by fear. However, some security measured have had been established and altered because of previous victimization. The most fear inducing crimes among the interviewees were those types of crimes which involved intoxicated offenders, where violent outcomes with regards to the employees were considered to be high. Only the high risk businesses representatives had this type of fear, because of prior direct victimization. In some regards, the security measures used by the businesses provide the business representatives with the feeling of being in control, which causes the levels of fear of crime to be low. Another reason for the low level of fears among the business representatives is that the crimes committed towards their organizations are not seen as a personal victimization; instead it is regarded to be frustrating, as it causes economic damages and more work. It also appears that the more vulnerable the business is to become victimized by crime, the more security measures are applied.

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Chavez, Nicholas Marshall. "CAN WE LEARN FROM HACKERS TO PROTECT VICTIMS?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/690.

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This project examines the protection methods suggested by hackers to guard against online victimization through the lens of Situation Crime Prevention. Data were collected from 85 webpages representing three categories of electronic communications: forums, blogs, and fan pages. The goal of this project was to identify which of the 25 opportunity reduction techniques the hacking community recommend most often, as well as, what level of expertise was associated with the suggested security measures. Results indicate that the technique most recommended by the hacking community was to remove targets with 27% of the total codings. From the results three themes were found: (1) most recommendations are such that implementing the strategies would serve to protect against opportunistic, low-skilled attacks; (2) most recommendations could be considered routine precautions, that when bundled, would secure most people against cyber-theft; and finally, (3) the Situational Crime Prevention framework was not fully realized because much of cyber-theft does not involve direct victim-perpetrator interactions. From these three themes policy recommendation and limitations are presented as well as avenues for future research.

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Baratto, Gabriele. "The role of social media in the illegal online trade of medicines. An evaluation of situational crime prevention measures". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/243019.

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In recent years, social media websites have been used by offenders to advertise illegally traded medicines (ITMs) directly to customers on a large scale. Recently, new situational crime prevention (SCP) measures aimed at identifying, blocking and removing contents linked to ITMs have been implemented by most of the social media platforms. This seems to be a promising path to follow in the fight against this criminal market: however, their ability in reaching their goal is still unknown. The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the impact of those measures on the illegal online trade of medicines in social media websites. In more detail, systematic keyword searches were performed on the three major social media (i.e. Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram) in order to identify contents linked to ITMs: results were then analysed and compared to the situation existing before the implementation of the measures with reference to six qualitative indicators. These indicators are a) extent of the social media usage in the illegal online trade of medicines, b) ease of finding ITMs, c) visibility over time of ITMs-related contents, d) language of posts concerning ITMs, and e) types of posts concerning ITMs. Research results have provided evidence supporting the hypothesis of the limited impact of the measures, since they are spotting, blocking and removing only some illegal contents. At the same time, the features of the advertisements for ITMs on social networking websites are only partially different if compared to those existing before the implementation of the SCP interventions. Seemingly this is not linked to a lack of effectiveness tout court, but to an asymmetrical implementation of the measures. For this reason, a possible, legally binding, obligation for social media platforms to implement them more widely is suggested.

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Grove, Louise E. "Synergies of syntheses : a comparison of systematic review and scientific realist evaluation methods for crime prevention". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6756.

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This thesis makes two significant contributions to the advancement of knowledge within crime prevention. The first of these is to evaluate the success of repeat victimisation prevention interventions. Interventions across four crime types are assessed herein, and the context-mechanisms-outcome configurations examined. The second contribution of this thesis is to assess two techniques of meta-evaluation: systematic reviews and realist syntheses. Each of these techniques is used in turn to assess the repeat victimisation prevention interventions. The contribution of each technique to the knowledge pool is then discussed, and the question of whether they are complementary or contradictory approaches answered. The thesis is framed in the context of evolutionary epistemology, which is the philosophy underpinning both approaches to meta-evaluation addressed herein. The thesis starts, with an examination of: firstly, how the evaluation methods in question have evolved, and the background to their scientific worth; and secondly, how situational crime prevention measures have evolved over time. The thesis then examines the two competing approaches for their contribution to the evaluation ecosystem by using both to assess repeat victimisation prevention interventions. Finally, the last section poses the question of whether it is survival of the fittest, or whether co-existence or adaptation could be the key to survival for these two meta-evaluative methodologies. Repeat victimisation prevention is revealed as an effective way of reducing crime, with a need for further research to apply the principle across further crime types. A requirement is identified for a greater breadth and depth of information to be included in future crime prevention evaluations. The systematic review is shown to be a useful way of assessing the overall effectiveness of the interventions, whilst the realist synthesis fills in the detail of why some interventions work and others fail. It is concluded that both approaches to meta-evaluation have useful contributions to make, and that a third way incorporating the best elements from each method should be developed.

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Gomes, Alexandra Rodrigues. "A influência da iluminação nos crimes contra estabelecimentos comerciais". Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5325.

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Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Criminologia
Com a evolução das sociedades, a iluminação tornou-se algo imprescindível para a sensação de segurança do ser humano. Esta condiciona a utilização humana do espaço e os comportamentos dos transeuntes. O senso comum diz que as artérias mal iluminadas são mais perigosas em relação às bem iluminadas, acabando por serem evitadas pela grande maioria das pessoas devido ao medo de se tornarem vítimas de algum tipo de crime. Contudo, esta associação não se encontra bem documentada do ponto de vista empírico e científico, onde a parca literatura nada refere quanto à existência de uma relação causa-efeito. Muitos dos crimes ocorrem durante o período noturno, porque as artérias se encontram desertas e não existem as medidas de prevenção situacional necessárias à prevenção do crime. Este estudo foca-se na existência de uma associação entre a fraca iluminação das artérias e os crimes contra estabelecimentos comerciais.
With the evolution of societies lighting has become something essential for the sense of security of being human. This conditions the human use of space and behaviors of passersby. Common sense dictates that the poorly lit streets are more dangerous in relation to well-lit ones, so the vast majority of people avoid them due to fear of becoming a victim of some kind of crime. However, this association is not well documented in an empirical and scientific point of view, where the lack of literature is silent on the existence of a cause-effect relationship . Many of the crimes occur during the night, because the arteries are empty and the situational crime prevention measures necessary to prevent the crime doesn’t exist. This study focuses on the existence of an association between the poor-lit streets and crimes against stores.

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George, Richard. "The personal and situational factors influencing decision-making by long-haul travellers' in relation to crime-risk : an empirical investigation". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5885.

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Abraham, Jonatan. "Assessing the threats against rural Sweden : An exploration of crimes against Swedish farmers related to animal production". Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278518.

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In the discourse of crime and place, the focus has rarely fallen on rural crime. While experiencing comparably lower crime levels than urban counterparts, the common association with rural areas as being symbols of peace and friendly social interaction is not necessarily accurate. One group that often are thought of as inherently rural is farmers, who’s workplaces may possess certain unique vulnerabilities to crime compared to other locations. This thesis aims to obtain a better understanding of the threats against farmers related to animal production in a Swedish context, adding to the knowledge base regarding rural crime and sustainable development of rural and urban areas. The objectives of the study are: • to investigate the nature of the victimization of farmers devoted to animal production in Sweden, especially related the situational conditions of farms and rural areas. • to explore new data that could be used to approximate the scale of the threats against farmers using data from media archives from 2009 to 2019. This study reports types, frequency, and location of crimes against animal production with a focus on mink, rabbit and pig farms. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is used to report the geography of these offences at municipal level. The theories of the routine activity approach and situational crime prevention are used to try to explain certain conditions that may facilitate crime on farms, while the offenders are explored using the theory on techniques of neutralization. The findings of the study show that the experience of the chosen actor’s varied greatly, but with crimes such as trespassing, vandalism and theft being common types of offenses across the board. The locations of the crime events were focused in the southern to mid of Sweden. Situational conditions that may have facilitated crime includes: the large size of farms and low population density providing low detection of crime, high value targets, and relatively high accessibility to the farms. From the data, mainly three techniques of neutralization were observed to be utilized: denial of the victim, denial of injury and appeal to higher loyalties. Multiple techniques were observed to be utilized together, while simultaneously exploiting situational conditions to facilitate the neutralization.

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Barton-Crosby, Jennifer Louise. "Situational action theory and intimate partner violence : an exploration of morality as the underlying mechanism in the explanation of violent crime". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277871.

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Despite the criminal nature of intimate partner violence, scholars infrequently apply general theories of crime to understanding its causes (Dixon, Archer, & Graham-Kevan, 2012). Indeed, some scholars reject the notion that the causes of intimate partner violence align with the causes of general crime and violence (Dobash, Dobash, Wilson, & Daly, 1992). A second area of contention is whether male and female violence can be explained within the same theoretical framework (Dutton & Nicholls, 2005). In this thesis I argue that as a type of criminal behaviour, understanding the causes of intimate partner violence from a criminological perspective is a valid and necessary research endeavour. Further, guided by the principles of the theoretical framework of this thesis, I submit that both male and female intimate partner violence can be explained within the same general theory of crime. This thesis applies situational action theory, a general theory of crime that places morality at the centre of its explanatory framework, to the understanding and explanation of intimate partner violence. This thesis concentrates on the roles of personal morality and provocation in intimate partner violence perpetration. Partner conflict is defined as the experience of provocation, while friction sensitivity and low partner cohesion are included as key factors leading to partner conflict. Specifically, this thesis examines whether the strength of personal morality influences whether individuals respond to provocation with violence against a partner. To address the aims of the research, this thesis uses data from the Peterborough Adolescent and Young Adult Development Study, a study designed to test situational action theory. Participants are a representative sample of males and females between 24 and 25 years of age. Path analyses using a multiple-group method revealed that high friction sensitivity and low partner cohesion contributed to increased partner violence perpetration by influencing the level of partner conflict. Morality had a significant moderating effect on the path between partner conflict and partner violence perpetration. Namely, individuals with weak morality, and who frequently engaged in partner conflict, were significantly more likely to perpetrate acts of partner violence than individuals with strong morality who engaged in frequent conflict with a partner. These findings were replicated across males and females. The findings of this research illustrate the importance of morality in the explanation of partner violence, and provide evidence that both male and female partner violence can be explained within the framework of situational action theory.

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Hirtenlehner, Helmut, i Franziska Kunz. "The interaction between self-control and morality in crime causation among older adults". Sage, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35485.

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Situational Action Theory (SAT), a recently developed explanation of criminal conduct, is becoming increasingly studied. Hitherto, however, nearly all tests of the theory and its hypotheses have been based on samples of adolescents or young adults. Studies drawing on the older population have been missing so far. This work addresses the interplay of moral beliefs and the ability to exercise self-control in crime causation among respondents aged 50 years and over. In line with SAT and the results obtained previously for young people, our analyses show that self-control ability affects offending among older adults too, particularly when personal morality is weak.

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Bennett, Jr John A. "Combating Terrorism with Local Policing through Crime Reduction: Using Real-Time, Situational Awareness within a Distributed Common Operating Picture to Combat all Crime and Terrorism -- and Terrorism - V2I2SION Process and Safecop Pilot Project". Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/32793.

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Local law enforcement agencies role in combating terrorism should center on crime reduction. The crime fighting energy recovered from lowering crime can be converted to proactive efforts, which can root out precursor acts related to the planning and execution of domestic and international terrorism as an operational byproduct. To achieve this local momentum information and intelligence Sense-making within a common operating picture, offering real-time situational awareness can be the key difference in gaining or sustaining the crime reduction, starting this flywheel effect. By allowing function to follow form within a supporting technology, the V2I2SION process allows a more objective approach to format information sharing by Validating an offense to expend the best return on time; Visualization in real-time versus delayed mapping; Information-to-Intelligence by effective case management - and crime bulletin construction and viewing in real-time; moving toward Solutions and debriefed Intelligence for future Sense-making; and leading to Optimization and the Next action. A pilot solution named Situational Awareness for Enforcers Common Operating Picture (SAFECOP) was tested during the 2012 Republican National Convention and showed promising results against an event-strained agencys resources; which is comparable to either a crime reduction plateau or loss of personnel due to localities budget restraints.

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Uddin, Rokon. "Explaining Adolescent Offending Variety in Sweden by Parental Country of Birth: A Test of Situational Action Theory". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26832.

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The main aim of this study is to explain adolescent offending variety by their parental country of birth. In doing so, the independent effect size and proportion of variance of two core elements of Situational Action Theory (SAT) – propensity and lifestyle risk – on offending variety are examined by immigrant background and gender. Although previous studies produced plenty of support to key assumption of SAT, no study so far measured offending variety as dependent variable. Analyses are based on self-reported data collected for Malmö Individual and Neighborhood Development Study (MINDS) during 2011-12, when the adolescent attained the age between 16 and 17. Ordinary least square (OLS) regression is run to examine the magnitude of effect and proportion of variance. Strong relation of offending variety separately with propensity and lifestyle risk was identified. Contrary to current scholarship on immigrant crime in Sweden, adolescent with immigrant parents are found at no more risk to engage in self-reported delinquency than the natives. Gender difference remains as a strong predictor of offending variety, especially for the immigrant group. This research reveals similarities in magnitude of effects of criminal propensity and lifestyle risks on offending variety, regardless of adolescents’ parental country of birth. Yet, propensity is a stronger predictor for delinquency variety than the lifestyle risks. This confirms applicability of the core elements of SAT, regardless of adolescents’ parental country of birth.

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Disha, Ilir. "Anti-Arab hate crimes in the aftermath of September 11, 2001 assessing the influence of geographic and situational factors /". [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001045.

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Hazanov, Julia, i Sara Elfström. "Högdalens bibliotek som mötesplats : En studie om trygghet med utgångspunkt i besökares och personals upplevelser". Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298535.

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Lack of safety is a problem in many public places in society, including libraries, where disturbances of order and crime are common problems. Perhaps, many people experience the library as a quiet and safe place, without quarrels, vandalism, violence, theft, or harassment, yet all these are recurring problems in libraries. This study is carried out to clarify factors that cause the lack of safety in libraries and to develop measures to counteract these factors. The survey is conducted as a case study of Högdalen library, where the purpose of the study is to understand how the environment at the library affects the safety of the place, based on the visitors' and personnel's safety experiences. In order to get answers to the study's main research question – that is, how visitors and personnel experience the safety at Högdalen library – a questionnaire survey was conducted, answered by 43 library visitors, as well as interviews with four people from the library's personnel. The study also includes an examination and a compilation of statistics from troublesome events that occurred at the library between the years 2017 and 2020 to further – together with the questionnaire survey and interviews – get answers to what problems are most common in the library today. The hope is that the questionnaire survey, the interviews, the statistics, and the study's theoretical and literature basis will provide answers to how crime prevention through environmental design can be used as a reference to improve safety at Högdalen library. The study is delimited and does not include any comparison between Högdalen library and other libraries concerning the safety experience. The results show that visitors and personnel have a positive image of the safety experience at Högdalen library. Most of the questionnaire respondents (83,7 %) have not experienced any situation that has developed the feeling of unsafety, while the personnel, instead, believe that incidents that have been experienced as troublesome have increased their awareness and experiences of how such situations can be handled, and further increased their motivation to strive for a safe environment for all library visitors. Although the above results show a positive safety experience at Högdalen library, a minor number of visitors (16,3 %) experience, or have experienced, the feeling of unsafety in the library's premises. These experiences of unsafety are based on cases linked to disturbances of order, harassment, drugs, or property crimes, but also problems with obstacles, ability to orientate and lines of sight. The personnel also highlight that some troublesome situations – associated with, for example, youth groups and addicts – have contributed to increased stress and a feeling of discomfort, which subsequently has affected their well-being in the workplace. However, it is important to remember that all people experience safety differently, and that a complete elimination of unsafety can thus be difficult to achieve. Nevertheless, it is vital to make every attempt to prevent the existing risks as much as possible.
Otrygghet är ett problem på många offentliga platser i samhället, däribland bibliotek, där både ordningsstörningar och brott är förekommande problem. Förmodligen upplever många människor biblioteket som en lugn och trygg plats, utan bråk, skadegörelser, våld, stöld, eller trakasserier, ändock är alla dessa återkommande problem på bibliotek. Den här studien genomförs med förhoppningen att klara ut orsakerna till otryggande faktorer på bibliotek, och i bästa fall ta fram åtgärder för att motverka dessa faktorer. Undersökningen görs i form av en fallstudie av Högdalens bibliotek, där syftet med studien är att få en ökad förståelse för hur miljön på biblioteket påverkar tryggheten på platsen utifrån besökares och personals trygghetsupplevelser. I syfte att få svar på studiens huvudsakliga forskningsfråga – alltså hur besökare och personal upplever tryggheten på Högdalens bibliotek – görs en enkätundersökning besvarad av 43 biblioteksbesökare, samt intervjuer med fyra personer från bibliotekets personal. Studien innefattar därtill en granskning och sammanställning av statistik från besvärande händelser som inträffat på biblioteket mellan åren 2017 och 2020 för att vidare, tillsammans med enkätundersökningen och intervjuerna, få svar på vilka problem som är mest förekommande på biblioteket idag. Förhoppningen är att enkätundersökningen, intervjuerna, statistiken och studiens teori- och litteraturunderlag ska ge svar på hur brottsprevention genom urban design kan användas som referens för att förbättra tryggheten på Högdalens bibliotek. Studien är avgränsad och innefattar inte någon jämförelse mellan Högdalens bibliotek och andra bibliotek i avseende på trygghetsupplevelsen. Studiens resultat visar att besökare och personal har en positiv bild av trygghetsupplevelsen på Högdalens bibliotek. Majoriteten av enkätrespondenterna (83,7 %) har inte upplevt någon situation som frambringat känslan av otrygghet, medan personalen i stället menar att händelser som upplevts besvärande har ökat deras kunskaper och erfarenheter om hur sådana situationer kan hanteras, samt vidare ökat deras motivation att sträva efter en trygg miljö för alla biblioteks- besökare. Trots att ovannämnda resultat visar en positiv trygghetsupplevelse på Högdalens bibliotek finns det ett mindre antal besökare (16,3 %) som upplever, eller har upplevt, känslan av otrygghet i bibliotekets lokaler. Dessa otrygghetsupplevelser grundar sig på fall kopplat till ordningsstörningar, trakasserier, narkotika eller egendomsbrott, men också problem med hinder, orienteringsmöjligheter och siktlinjer. Personalen belyser också att vissa besvärande situationer – förknippat med exempelvis ungdomsgrupper och missbrukare – har bidragit med ökad stress och en känsla av obehag, vilket fortsättningsvis påverkat deras välbefinnande på arbetsplatsen. Det är dock viktigt att komma ihåg att alla människor upplever trygghet på olika sätt, och att en fullständig eliminering av otrygghet således kan vara svårt att uppnå – men det är trots detta betydelsefullt att i största möjliga grad försöka förebygga de risker som finns.

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Gliori, Gabriel. "Under vilka omständigheter förekommer försäljning av cannabis? : En fältstudie i Stockholm". Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301665.

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Cannabis är den vanligaste illegala drogen i Sverige, och dess konsumtion är ständigt växande. De senaste årens massiva ökning av dödsskjutningar tros vara ett resultat av konflikter mellan kriminella nätverk i fråga om just cannabisförsäljning. För att ta itu med dessa problem måste vi först lära oss mer om de platser där hantering av cannabis sker, i synnerhet försäljning. Den här studien ämnar ge en inblick i hur de här platserna ser ut, vad som kännetecknar dem, och varför just dessa blir utvalda för drogrelaterade aktiviteter, med målet att formulera förslag på hur de kan utformas så att försäljningen av cannabis förebyggs. Studien utfördes genom fältarbete och tillämpandet av ett särskilt fältprotokoll där variabler avsedda att beskriva förhållanden i miljön bedömdes. Dataunderlaget kom från polisens register över arresteringar för misstanke om överlåtelse av cannabis under åren 2019–2020. Vad som kan sägas är att en typisk plats låg i ett bostadsområde med flervåningshus, avskild från stora folkmassor och trafik, öppen med god sikt, och med god tillgänglighet. De erhållna resultaten analyserades sedan i relation till kriminologiska teorier, i syfte att skapa en större förståelse om varför brotten inträffar just där. För att kunna förhindra cannabishandeln på dessa platser har lösningsförslag baserade på principer i CPTED-strategin framförts. Dessa gäller bland annat ökad övervakning från byggnader runtomkring samt att ta upp kampen om det sociala rummet genom att skapa en känsla av ökad territorialitet på platserna. Rapporten avslutas med en utvärdering av den nyttjade metoden samt en diskussion om komplexiteten i att lösa problemen enkom genom åtgärder i stadsmiljön, då det finns en rad andra faktorer som spelar in. Det vi samhällsplanerare kan erbjuda är lösningsalternativ som må stävja brottsligheten, men i slutändan är det individer som väljer att begå dessa kriminella handlingar.
Cannabis is the most common illegal drug in Sweden, and its consumption is constantly increasing. The massive rise in fatal shootings in recent years is believed to be a result of conflicts between criminal networks regarding cannabis sales. To address these issues, we must first learn more about the places in which cannabis occurs, particularly dealing. This study aims to provide an insight into what these places look like, what characterizes them, and why these are selected for drug-related activities, with the aim of offering suggestions on how they could be designed to prevent the dealing of cannabis. The study was carried out through fieldwork and the utilization of a special fieldwork protocol in which variables intended to describe conditions in the environment were assessed. The data came from police records of arrests for suspicions of selling cannabis during the years 2019– 2020. What can be said is that a typical place was in a residential area with multi-storey buildings, separated from large crowds and traffic, open with good visibility, and with good accessibility. The results obtained were then analyzed in relation to criminological theories, to create a greater understanding of why the crimes occur right there. In order to prevent the cannabis dealing in these places, proposed solutions have been put forward based on principles in the CPTED strategy. These include increased surveillance from surrounding buildings and taking up the fight about the social space by creating a sense of increased territoriality in the places. The report ends with an evaluation of the method used and a discussion about the complexity of solving the problems solely through measures in the urban environment, as there are a number of other factors that come into play. What we urban planners can offer are alternative solutions that may curb crime, but in the end, it is individuals who decide to commit these criminal acts.

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Wepsäläinen, Ellinor. "COMPARING SWEDISH ADOLESCENTS’ CRIMINAL INTENTIONS AND ACTUAL CRIMINAL BEHAVIOURS: DO THEY CORRESPOND? -A TEST OF THE SITUATIONAL ACTION THEORY". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25620.

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It is of importance to direct resources to prevention since crime is costly both for the offender, possible victims and of society and its citizens at large. In general, prevention programs and the types of interventions are not well understood. It is therefore of necessity to find and study potential causal mechanisms that could aid and enable better preventive measures. This study investigates such mechanisms by testing one of the key aspects of the Situational Action Theory: the perception-choice process. This study relies on data gathered within the frames of Malmö Individual and Neighbourhood Development study (MINDS). Through scenario research and self-reported crime data the correspondence between criminal intentions and actual criminal behaviours are investigated. Relevant personal and situational characteristics are examined in order to provide insights about crime propensity and the role of motivation and controls in intended and actual action outcomes. The result show that Swedish adolescents’ criminal intentions correspond with self-reported actual criminal behaviours to a large extent. The result further indicates clear tendencies of correspondence between level of propensity and prevalence of criminal intentions and actual criminal behaviours.

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Fernandez, Luciana Moretti. "Mente firme e coração blindado: uma teoria da presentificação social na prática comunicacional de representar o crime no proibido". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27154/tde-07072017-104157/.

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Esta tese trata da prática comunicacional de representar o crime no funk proibido, uma prática complexa que implica processos disposicionais e identitários e que está inscrita em territórios submetidos à influência das regras que regem o mundo do crime, operando no plano intersubjetivo como um jogo de linguagem adaptativo e no plano social como uma prática coletiva. Representar implica reiterar a vontade para ratificar o compromisso com o crime ou para mostrar consideração e conviver com seus efeitos. A ratificação da disposição para representar, para ganhar potência e funcionar como uma estratégia de sobrevivência, precisa estar sempre atualizada. Reiterando-se ao longo do tempo, cada manifestação da disposição para representar o crime recupera o momento anterior e a expectativa de futuro, atualizando o gesto no momento presente. A disposição para representar o crime opera como uma presentificação no plano social, que contribui para a manutenção da subjetivação no crime e ao mesmo tempo entranha a potência de transformação através da constituição de um sujeito político cujo lugar de enunciação é o mundo do crime. A tese foi construída a partir da análise de letras de música de funk proibido artesanal que circulam no YouTube (totalizando 303 minutos de áudio), adotando como metodologia a Análise Situacional, uma refundamentação da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados (Grounded Theory). As letras foram submetidas à codificação aberta no programa NVivo Pro 11, o que possibilitou a formulação da categoria central representar o crime. A categoria central foi analisada com as ferramentas cartográficas propostas pela metodologia Análise Situacional, conduzindo à formulação de uma teoria da presentificação social sobre a construção da subjetividade na prática comunicativa. O método de inferência adotado foi o método abdutivo, e a coleta e a análise foram guiadas por amostragem teórica. O funk proibido foi teorizado como um dispositivo interacional estético a partir do qual é possível observar o fenômeno comunicacional como processo tentativo e probabilístico em uma concepção pragmatista das teorias da comunicação.
This thesis object is the communicational practice of representing crime in funk \"proibido\" music, a complex practice that involves dispositional and identitary processes inscribed in territories under the influence of the world of crime rules, and that operates on the intersubjective level as an adaptive language game and on the social level as a collective practice. Representing implies reiterating the will to ratify the commitment to crime or to show consideration to it and coexist with its effects. In order to gain power and function as a survival strategy, the ratification of the disposition has to be always up to date. Over time, each manifestation of the disposition to represent crime recalls the previous moment and the expectation of future, updating the gesture in the present moment. The disposition to represent crime operates as a presentification on the social level, which contributes to the maintenance of subjectivation in crime and at the same time carries the power of transformation through the constitution of a political subject whose voice emanates from the world of crime. The thesis was constructed from the analysis of lyrics of funk \"proibido\" music pieces that circulate on YouTube (totaling 303 minutes of audio), following Situational Analysis (a re-foundation of Grounded Theory) as methodology. The lyrics were submitted to open coding using NVivo Pro 11 software, which led to the formulation of representing crime as the central category. The central category was analyzed using Situational Analysis cartographic tools, leading to the formulation of a theory of social presentification on the construction of subjectivity in communicational practice. The inference method followed was abduction, and the collection and analysis were guided by theoretical sampling. The funk \"proibido\" music itself was theorized as an aesthetic interactional device in which it is possible to observe the communicational phenomenon as a tentative and probabilistic process, understood under a pragmatist tradition in the field of communication theory.

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Steenkamp, Ilana. "The Safer [D]urban Core: An exploration of urban safety and the use of situational crime prevention in the inner-city of Durban, South Africa". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13070.

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Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis explores the notions of safety and the usage of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design methods for creating safer spaces within cities. The project examines the inner city of Durban specifically, grappling with the issues of crime and grime and the perceptions of the city as a space of vulnerability. The project examines the historical and current context of Durban with regards to perceptions held about the inner city. The Project then delves into the links between crime and the city and examines the extremities of crime within South Africa and Durban. It then turns to a study of crime and place theories which attempt to explain the connections between the offender, the targets and the location in which crimes take place. Particular attention is paid to possible implications for urban form. The thesis also investigates various ways in which Durban’s landowners, developers and residents have attempted to create islands of safety throughout the city, after which international and local examples of urban crime prevention are discussed. From these theories and case studies, a few principles are highlighted as guidelines for producing safer spaces. An exploration of design strategies follows. The city is analysed according to a set of elements of the city or a layering of the city on the scale of the Central Business District. This is then taken into a proposal for development. A precinct scale analysis investigates the finer details of Pickering precinct, an area notorious for criminal activity. Such detailed explorations of the built fabric are not possible at the scale of the city, but have an impact on smaller urban acupuncture proposals on a street segment scale. A number of routes that run through the precinct are then explored in terms of potential adjustments to the built fabric, in order to support pedestrian activity and safety along the routes. This project illustrates an alternative approach to creating safe spaces within the urban environment of Durban. Through providing a safe urban core, the city can allow for positive interactions to take place within common spaces and hence fulfil the role that cities have to play in fostering growth in society.

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Johnsson, Caroline, i Kriv Ado. "Ordningsvakter på Möllevångstorget : En studie om ordningsvakter som förebyggande åtgärd". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-42539.

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Studien har ett tvådelat syfte. Först ämnar studien undersöka utifrån vilka förutsättningar det tagits beslut om att implementera kommunala ordningsvakter att patrullera på och kring Möllevångstorget i Malmö, vidare att undersöka vilka mål och förväntningar involverade aktörer har på insatsen. Syftet är också att undersöka upplevelsen av ordningsstörningar och trygghet och slutligen uppfattning om ordningsvakter bland personer som besöker Möllevångstorget. För att uppnå studiens första syfte genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med nyckelinformanter, urvalet bestod av sju personer. För att uppnå det andra syftet genomfördes i första hand strukturerade intervjuer med personer som vistades på platsen, i andra hand erbjöds de en webbenkät. 42 personer deltog på en strukturerad intervju och 18 personer besvarade webbenkäten. Det framkom genom de semistrukturerade intervjuerna att narkotikaförsäljning och otrygghet är ett stort problem i området. Målet är framför allt att tryggheten ska öka i samband med LOV§3-insatsen. Det önskades också att det finns en väl fungerande samverkan mellan aktörer som kan bidra till att brottsligheten och otryggheten minskar, att inte enbart förlita sig på att ordningsvakter löser alla problem. Resultatet från de strukturerade intervjuerna/webbenkäten visar att klotter och öppen drogförsäljning är de ordningsstörningar som upplevs förekomma mest frekvent. Tryggheten på platsen förefaller vara relativt hög med viss variation vad gäller tidpunkt, då oro att utsättas för brott är högre under kvällstid. Slutligen visar studien att förtroende kan vara av betydelse för hur effektiva ordningsvakter uppfattas vara.
The study has a twofold purpose, the first is to investigate the conditions on which decisions have been made to implement municipal security guards to patrol around and on Möllevångstorget in Malmö. Furthermore, the study aims to investigate goals and expectations the involved actors have on the current operation. The purpose of the study is also to investigate the experience of disorder and fear of crime and lastly the perception regarding security guards, among people who visits Möllevångstorget. To achieve the first purpose of the study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants, the sample consisted of seven people. To achieve the second purpose of the study, primarily structured interviews were conducted and secondly a web survey was offered. 42 people participated in a structured interview and 18 people answered the web survey. What emerged from the semi-structured interviews indicates that drug sales and fear of crime is a common issue in the area. Furthermore, the main goal is for the security to increase in connection with the LOV§3 operation. It was also desired that there is a well-functioning collaboration between actors that can contribute to reducing crime and fear of crime, and not to rely solely on security guards solving all problems. The results from the structured interviews/ web survey indicate that graffiti and open drug sales are disorders that are perceived to occur most frequently. The fear of crime in the area appears to be relatively low with certain variations in terms of time, as fear about being exposed to crime is higher in the evening. Finally, the study shows that trust can be important for how effective security guards are perceived to be.

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Avratoglou, Alexandros. "Witnessing moral educators breaking (their) moral teachings, morality and self-reported crime : A study on adults in two countries, Sweden and Greece". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för kriminologi (KR), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45864.

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The present paper extends previous research in terms of integrating social learning with morality theories, under the framework of moral educators’ and their conflicting moral influences. Specifically, this study aims to investigate the impact of witnessing moral educators breaking (their) moral teachings on individual’s morality and criminal behavior using a sample of two countries, Sweden and Greece, with similar population but entirely different cultural and social characteristics. We focus on three research questions regarding the correlations and (i) the explanatory influence of witnessing this conflict on moral emotions and values by gender and country, (ii) its impact on traditional crime by gender and country and (iii) the impact that witnessing the conflict and morality mutually have on traditional crime in the two countries. Our findings emerge in three key points. First, we found that witnessing moral educators influenced both moral emotions differentially in each country and gender, but only affected Swedish males’ moral values. Secondly, our results showed that witnessing moral educators can explain a moderate to small variance of traditional crime only for males in the two countries. Lastly, we found that witnessing moral educators together with morality can explain a moderate variance of traditional crime in the two countries, while gender is highly important for both countries. Findings are discussed in relation to theory and previous research. Future research is recommended in order to expand the understanding of the cultural and social learning processes that inhibit (im)moral contexts and subsequently affect morality and offending.

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Gormand, Guillaume. "L’évaluation des politiques publiques de sécurité : résultats et enseignements de l’étude d’un programme de vidéosurveillance de la Ville de Montpellier". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAD014/document.

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Le développement de la vidéosurveillance en France depuis les années 1990 révèle une évolution atypique. Cette opportunité technique portée par l’innovation technologique s’est tout d’abord fermement inscrite dans un violent débat, confrontant des positionnements idéologiques favorables ou opposés à la charge symbolique que véhiculait la vidéosurveillance. Finalement, grâce à des campagnes convergentes de légitimation que cette thèse décrit, les caméras de surveillance ont progressivement été affranchies de leur image liberticide pour durablement s’inscrire dans les programmes locaux de sécurité ainsi que dans les politiques publiques nationales. Cependant, après plus de deux décennies d’installations et d’extensions de réseaux de vidéosurveillance sur la voie publique, il n’existait, avant ce travail de recherche, aucune étude scientifique des contributions de cette technologie à la sécurisation d’un territoire.Avant toute chose, une contextualisation, nationale et locale, du succès de cet outil sociotechnique permet une mise en perspective de l’opportunité d’une démarche d’évaluation de politique publique pour éprouver la vidéosurveillance. Ce travail préalable révèle l’état des études françaises relatives au développement des caméras de surveillance et examine les méthodes d’évaluation disponibles.Le cœur de cette recherche interroge une promotion de la vidéosurveillance qui semble dépourvue de tout fondement rationnel, en rapportant les enseignements et résultats issus d’une démarche d’évaluation d’un programme d’extension de caméras de surveillance dans une grande commune française : Montpellier. Volontairement détaché des questionnements autour de la préservation des libertés individuelles, le travail réalisé se concentre sur l’identification et l’emploi d’une formule permettant l’examen de la vidéosurveillance et sur la justification des résultats obtenus sur un terrain spécifique. Pour cela, la recherche de terrain, conduite entre 2012 et 2015 dans le cadre d’une convention industrielle de formation par la recherche (CIFRE), a donc consisté à mettre en pratique une importante collecte de données encadrée par un protocole rigoureux.Ce travail interroge aussi la place de l’évaluation des politiques publiques de sécurité en France, en proposant une approche originale ouverte aux doctrines internationales. Conscient de l’opposition des méthodes expérimentales et réalistes, cette thèse suggère une voie de conciliation de ces deux écoles. Elle propose pour cela un protocole respectant les standards de la Campbell Collaboration mis en parallèle d’une interprétation des données guidée par la doctrine réaliste de l’évaluation.Après avoir établi la rigueur de la méthode déployée, cette recherche présente des conclusions argumentées quant à la contribution de la vidéosurveillance à la sécurité publique d’un territoire. Les résultats de l’évaluation s’attardent principalement à démontrer la pertinence du positionnement légal de la vidéosurveillance comme un dispositif de prévention situationnelle de la délinquance.Au final, après avoir exposé la validité interne et externe des résultats obtenus, la thèse interroge le paradoxe de la diffusion d’un outil qui paraît insensible à sa remise en cause pragmatique. Car malgré des résultats fiables quant à une contribution finalement négligeable de la vidéosurveillance à la sécurisation d’espaces publics, il semble que la croissance de cet outil repose sur une pernicieuse synergie de rationalités hétérogènes que la présente thèse tâche de décrire
The growth of CCTV deployment in France since the 90’s has shown interesting developments. . In the beginning, this result of technological progress is in violent opposition to ideological positions that see cameras only as a symbol. After some a period of time, due to a legitimation campaign that this thesis describes, surveillance cameras were emancipated from there liberticidal vision and were for a long time used in local and national security policy. Meanwhile, after more than two decades of their widespread use by local governments, there was never in France any reliable demonstration of the effectiveness of CCTV against crime in public areas. Therefore, present research interrogates this irrational promotion of CCTV while presenting results and implications of an empirical study on French local policy developing public surveillance webs in Montpellier.First of all, a description of national and local contexts will justify the usefulness and opportunity of CCTV policy assessment. This part of the thesis points to the lack of crime prevention policy evaluation in France and the lack of investigation into the methods that are available.Thereafter, the keystone of this thesis is the description of an empirical experiment conducted in Montpellier between 2012 and 2015 in a tripartite convention associating local government, a research centre and a PhD student. Voluntarily detached from the discussions surrounding the protection of individual rights, the author focuses on how CCTV results can be observed and measured, and what were these results in a particular research field.Relying on the first scientific assessment of a public CCTV program in France, this thesis explains the method, the difficulty and the results of impact measurements and assessment. The data collected provides reliable findings on the contributions of a CCTV system against problems of crime in France.This work also clarifies the situation of evaluation practices on crime prevention programs in France. Aware of some shortcomings in this field, the author draws on North American and British methods to support his approach. Influenced both by the rigor of Campbell collaboration standards and the relevance of the realist approach, the author proposes a method to combine these two opposing doctrines of evaluation.Finally, after examining the internal and external validity of the evaluation results, this thesis reveals that CCTV development seems insensitive to its pragmatic questioning. Despite reliable results demonstrating a marginal contribution of CCTV cameras against crime in public areas, the success of this tool seems to rely on a pernicious mechanics that the present thesis attempts to describe

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Corovic, Jelena. "Offender Profiling in Cases of Swedish Stranger Rapes". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-89582.

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Swedish national statistics suggest that the number of reported stranger rapes is steadily increasing. Stranger rape is one of the most difficult types of crime for the police to investigate because there is no natural tie between the victim and offender. As a result, there is a need for more knowledge about how crime scene features could be used to make inferences of likely offender characteristics that could help investigators narrow down the pool of suspects. The aim in Study I was to examine how offender behaviors interact with contextual features, victim behaviors, and the assault outcome. Results suggest that the stranger rapes could be distinguished by five different dynamic rape pattern themes, which mainly differed on two dimensions: level of violence to control the victim, and level of impulsivity/premeditation characterizing the rapes. The results also highlight the importance of including contextual features when studying offender behaviors. The aim in Study II was to examine how single-victim rapists and serial rapists can be differentiated by the actions at their first stranger rape. Results suggest that three behaviors in conjunction: kissed victim, controlled victim, and offender drank alcohol before the offense, could be used to predict whether the offender was a single-victim rapist or serial rapist with a classification accuracy of 80.4 %. The aim in Study III was to examine how stranger rapists could be differentiated from a normative sample on background characteristics, and if stranger rapists’ pre-assault and initial-attack behaviors could be used to predict likely offender characteristics. Results showed that the strongest predictions could be made for previous criminal convictions, offender age, and the distance traveled by the offender to offend. Overall, the present thesis has found some scientific support for the use of crime scene behaviors to make inferences of likely offender characteristics that could be useful for profiling purposes.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Submitted. Paper 3: Submitted.

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Longshore, David M. N. "The principles of prevention and the development of the prevention triangle model for the evaluation of terrorism prevention". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FLongshore.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Defense and Security))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005.
Thesis Advisor(s): Christopher Bellavita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-69). Also available online.

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Scrase, Stuart Thomas. "'Criminality, pure and simple' : an analysis of violent opposition to the police in the 2011 English riots". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/32230.

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In 2011 five days of rioting spread across many English towns and cities. David Cameron, then UK Prime Minister, described these events as ‘criminality, pure and simple’, inhibiting serious examination of what happened and justifying harsh punitive sentences for rioters. This thesis explains and counters the naïve individualism that underpins the discourse of ‘criminality’; but further argues that such discursive acts are representative of a broader problem within the social order that is causally implicated the violence in 2011. In contrast to the popular and sociological approach of analysing the singular ‘riot’, ‘riot actions’ are conceptualised as the foci of analysis, and in turn argued as acts of resistance generated by the organisation and practice of power within the social order. Thus riot actions are conceptualised and function as a symptom and entry point by which analysis can better get under the skin of the social order and understand its failing. Arguing for violent acts against the police as symptomatic of the social order’s failure, the thesis examines instances of these in the 2011 and 1980s riots. The thesis explores and compares the involvement of race, exclusion, social identity, and police during and across these periods. It further examines how neoliberal forms of exclusion have shaped the possibilities of riotous actions, before performing a situational analysis of video footage of the 2011 riots. To facilitate this approach the thesis develops a theory of action/resistance through an account of the production of agency. The theory connects Bourdieu’s theorisation of habitus and disposition, utilises an expressive understanding of shame and self-esteem, and Butler’s notion of performativity. Thus we seek to understand how structured experiences, in particular social and economic exclusion, become meaningful to those excluded, and how this shapes violent acts as meaningful performances. The thesis argues that resistance is generated through power relations, which amongst many rioters, are failing to reproduce the sense of self-worth required for identification with and engagement in, the social order. From this standpoint, then, riotous resistance cannot be explained as distinct from the social order, which shapes agency’s ‘necessary scene’, but as rational and emotional responses to it. The emergence of neoliberalism and individualism in the 1970s and 1980s created an epistemological and thus ontological shift, reshaping how disrespect and disempowerment is experienced and understood by excluded groups. These shifts or emergences have diminished the capacity of socially and economically excluded groups to generate Politicised identities and forms of resistance. Consequently, rather than ‘criminality’ - a moral condemnation - the 1980s and 2011, saw an increasing emergence of individualised - rather than Politicised - forms of resistance against the social and political order. Individualised resistance to power within the social order is ‘performed’ through short-term goals that momentarily re- arrange these power relations with regards to the self and police. In these behaviours, structurally produced shame and anger are expressed, social identities are formed and realised through a common complaint and goal, and the self achieves value through attacking or confounding the police.

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Benbouzid, Bilel. "La prévention situationnelle : genèse et développement d’une science pratique". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20057/document.

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La prévention situationnelle représente aujourd’hui dans de nombreux pays un secteur de recherche stratégique de la lutte contre le crime. Apparue au milieu des années 1970 au sein du laboratoire de recherche du ministère de l’intérieur britannique, cette nouvelle spécialité a pris la forme d’une ingénierie dont l’objectif est de développer des solutions techniques empêchant le passage à l'acte des délinquants, par une intervention sur les situations particulières lors desquelles des délits semblables sont commis ou pourraient l'être (cambriolage, vol de véhicule, vandalisme, etc.). Ce que l’on appelle désormais la « science du crime » se fonde sur l’assemblage d’une pluralité de savoirs pratiques, évolue entre des laboratoires de recherche et des secteurs professionnels variés (police, urbanistes, etc.), s’appuie sur des modalités d’administration de la preuve qui passent par la déduction mathématique (modélisation statistique) et intègre ses inventions théoriques dans des innovations sociotechniques (des dispositifs de prévention et de réduction des risques). Cette thèse retrace le développement de la prévention situationnelle en se déplaçant dans l’espace et le temps afin d’atteindre les lieux de sa fabrication et de rentrer dans l’intimité des controverses à travers lesquelles elle prend forme. En décrivant cette science du crime en train de se faire - des laboratoires gouvernementaux jusqu’à sa standardisation technique dans les instances de normalisation européenne, en passant par les politiques de recherche et le travail d’instrumentation - nous rendons visibles toutes les entités (théories, chercheurs, gouvernement, instruments, catégories statistiques, modèles de risque, délinquants, victimes, normes techniques, etc.) auxquelles la prévention situationnelle s’attache et se détache. Nous montrons ainsi que les liens concrets tissés entre les chercheurs et leurs différents alliés vont bien au-delà des relations entre les personnes. Ils vont jusqu’à toucher le contenu même de la prévention situationnelle. Au final, il s’agit de représenter la prévention situationnelle sous la forme d’un collectif assumant sa responsabilité politique
In many countries today, situational crime prevention is a strategic research sector in the battle against crime. Originating within the Home Office Research Unit in the UK during the mid 1970s, this ‘new technology’ has the purpose of developing crime prevention solutions by intervening in situations where crime commonly occurs. What has now come to be called “crime science” is based on an array of practical knowledge, evolves between research laboratories and various professional sectors (police, town planning, etc.), uses evidence-based research, and implements its theoretical discoveries in socio-technical innovations (prevention and risk reduction systems). This thesis retraces the development of situational crime prevention technology to have a closer look at the controversies from which it takes its shape. By describing this crime science-in-the-making, from state laboratories and international policy transfers, from research studies and instrumentation, we reveal all the entities (researchers, government, theories, instruments, statistical classes, risk models, offenders, victims, technical standards, etc.) to which situational crime prevention has become tied, and untied. Thus, we demonstrate that concrete links weaved between researchers and their different allies go far beyond personal relationships, touching the very core of the technology. As such, situational crime prevention is constituted as a collective, political entity

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Ede, Andrew, i andrew ede@premiers qld gov au. "The Prevention of Police Corruption and Misconduct: A Criminological Analysis of Complaints Against Police". Griffith University. School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2000. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030102.114721.

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The reform measures recommended by the Commission of Inquiry into Possible Illegal Activities and Associated Police Misconduct (referred to as the "Fitzgerald Inquiry") radically transformed the face of policing in Queensland. The most significant of these recommendations was the establishment of an external oversight body, the Criminal Justice Commission (CJC), which has independence from executive government and holds the power to investigate not only police but any public servant or politician. Other recommendations included "Whistleblower" legislation, increasing sanctions for serious misconduct, lateral recruitment and promotion by merit rather than seniority. The first main research question tested in this thesis is whether these reform measures have produced improvements in the following areas: the efficiency and effectiveness of the processes for dealing with complaints against police; public confidence in those processes and the public standing of the Queensland Police Service (QPS) generally; standards of police behaviour; the incidence of corrupt conduct; and police attitudes towards reporting misconduct by their fellow officers. These Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms were strategies primarily derived from two schools of thought describing the nature and cause of police corruption: deterrence based theory (including "individual" or "rotten apple" theory) and cultural (also labeled "cultural" or "socialisation") based theory. To date most strategies used to combat police corruption have been underpinned by these theories. A third theory - situational based theory (sometimes titled "environmental" or "opportunity" theory) - which has had success in crime prevention, has been scarcely used in the area of police corruption. However, an extensive body of research has affirmed the effects of situational factors on police behaviour, suggesting the potential for the application of situational crime prevention initiatives in combatting police corruption. The second research question proposed in this thesis is whether situational based theory could also be beneficial in the prevention of police corruption. Data drawn upon to test the first research question were interviews and surveys with police officers, public attitude surveys and statistics from the processing of complaints against police. Although each source has limitations, collectively the data are sufficiently comprehensive - and robust - to defend conclusions about the general direction of the changes which have occurred. These data indicate that the Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms have, at least to some degree, had their intended impact on the QPS. These reforms have contributed to an apparent improvement in public confidence in the complaints system and the QPS generally. Moreover, the available evidence suggests that the Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms have resulted in a weakening of the police code of silence. As far as the specific issue of corruption in the QPS is concerned, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions from existing data sources. However, the weight of the available evidence is that such conduct is less pervasive and occurs at lower levels than was the case in the pre-Fitzgerald Inquiry QPS. It is very difficult to ascertain which reform components were the most effective and which were not helpful at all, as these reform measures were initiated simultaneously. For example, the negative elements of the police culture may have been eliminated or reduced but whether it was the cultural strategies or one of the deterrence based strategies influencing officer behaviour remains unknown. The second main research question the thesis poses is that the use of situational crime prevention techniques has potential for contributing to the prevention of police corruption. A situational analysis of complaints against police data, including the development of a typology for classifying types of police corruption and misconduct, was used as an example of how this may be accomplished in Queensland. The study provides some, albeit limited, support for the hypothesis that situational crime prevention methods are applicable to police corruption. Based upon three years of complaints data, enough homogenous cases were gathered to enable the analysis of four categories of police corruption - Opportunistic Thefts, Driving under the Influence, Assault (while off-duty), and Theft from Employer. Given that this study only used three years of complaints data held by the CJC and more than nine years of data exist, productive situational analyses of many other categories of corruption is probable. This study also illustrated that complaints against police data are being under utilised by the QPS and the CJC. For future research in the situational analysis of complaints data, I recommend improving the gathering of data from complaints files for storage in electronic form to enable situational prevention analysis to be conducted more readily. A geographical example was used to illustrate further how complaints against police data could be more extensively utilised as a prevention tool. This analysis was conducted at an organisation unit level determined primarily by geographical factors. The complaint patterns of units of similar "task environments", as measured by unit size and type of duties performed, were compared in an attempt to identify those units experiencing the presence or absence of "bad apples" or a "negative culture". This study led to the conclusion that a divisional analysis of complaints data can provide information valuable in combatting police corruption. When task environment was held constant, it was possible to identify units experiencing the effects of possible "bad apples" and/or "negative cultures". Once these particular units were identified, intervention strategies to address the units' particular problem could be constructed. Future research in this area would involve ongoing divisional data analysis followed-up by individual assessment of officers identified as "bad apples", or a "compare-and-contrast" procedure to distinguish features requiring correction in units identified as having a "negative culture". The research findings presented in this thesis are that progress has occurred in a number of areas in addressing the problems identified by the Fitzgerald Inquiry, but that there is undoubtedly scope for more to be achieved. Despite the very significant increase in the resources and powers available to investigators post-Fitzgerald, it is still difficult to prove that a police officer engaged in misconduct, or that other officers were aware of this fact and had failed to take action, because of the constraints imposed by evidentiary and legal requirements. Thus, while it is vital to maintain an effective and credible independent complaints investigation system and ensure that there is a proper internal discipline process in place, the scope for increasing the "deterrent power" of the present system is limited. Putting more resources into complaints investigations might make a difference at the margins, but is unlikely to lead to a significant increase in the probability of a complaint being substantiated and a sanction imposed. Investing more resources in investigations has an additional cost in that such resources are then lost to other efforts to combat corruption that may provide more fruitful results in the long term. The value of an occasional substantiation is placed above the ability to engage in a large amount of prevention work. Inevitably then, three clear messages are apparent. First, continued effort must be made to modify the organisational climate of the QPS in terms of commitment to integrity. Recommended strategies to accomplish this end are to continue the recruitment of more educated, female and older officers to reduce police-citizen conflict and the negative elements of the police culture, and also to develop a comprehensive, integrated approach to ethics education for QPS officers at all ranks and positions. Second, other forms of deterrence against misconduct are needed such as the use of covert strategies like integrity testing which could be conducted in conjunction with the CJC. Third, a greater emphasis needs to be placed on developing and implementing preventive strategies. This thesis has shown that valuable prevention strategies can be gained from situational and divisional analysis of complaints data, and a range of proactive management options based upon situational crime prevention theory are recommended. These strategies have application in any police service.

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Beraduce, Janet. "Crime and the Economy: Economic Effects on the Crime Rates of Youngstown, Ohio". Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1290443483.

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Hertl, Jordan Thore. "GENDER-MOTIVATED BIAS CRIMES: EXAMINING WHY SITUATIONAL VARIABLES ARE IMPORTANT IN THE LABELING OF HATE CRIMES". MSSTATE, 2009. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11062009-221935/.

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Prototype theory states that people have certain expectations when it comes to perpetrators and victims of acts of discrimination. A scenario was developed wherein victim type, severity of assault, assault location, and victim-perpetrator relationship were varied. The perception of bias as a motive and the labeling of the scenario as a hate crime were significantly affected by the independent variables. Scenarios featuring an African American victim were more likely to be labeled as a hate crime than those targeting a non-minority woman. Other factors that resulted in an increased application of the hate crime label were a) the attack was committed by a stranger, b) the attack was more severe, and c) the attack occurred following a political meeting instead of a college class. Overall this study showed that participants did not perceive crimes committed against women to be hate crimes unless that woman was of prototypical minority.

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Coriat, Florent. "Géolocalisation et communication en situation de crise". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS340.

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En cas de désastre naturel ou de catastrophe industrielle, les infrastructures réseau subissent des dégâts importants et sont confrontés à une hausse soudaine du trafic : les organismes officiels cherchent à propager les annonces d’urgence tandis que les rescapés tentent de communiquer avec leurs proches. Dans ce contexte, localiser les victimes est un enjeu crucial pour les secouristes. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une architecture de collecte permettant aux secouristes de localiser dès les tous premiers instants les personnes présentes sur une zone sinistrée, ainsi que les zones à risques. Ce service s’appuie sur les terminaux mobiles portés par les individus (civiles, sauveteurs) organisés en réseau ad-hoc sans-fil, et sur des équipements spécifiques des centres de sauvetage (hôpitaux, casernes) conçus pour mieux résister dans de telles situations. Nous présentons aussi notre modèle de mobilité, spécifique aux situations de crise, utilisé pour évaluer notre architecture sur le simulateur de réseau ad-hoc The ONE. Nous comparons ainsi les performances de notre système sous différents paramètres de scénario, de mobilité et de communications. Nous nous sommes en particulier intéressés à l'impact sur le système de la proportion des personnes immobilisées. La faisabilité de notre architecture a aussi été validée par la construction d'une plateforme de test physique, basée sur des pico-ordinateurs (Raspberry Pi). Nous avons enfin contribué à la définition d'une nouvelle mesure de centralité locale pour les graphes dynamiques, en vue d'une utilisation pour inférer des informations utiles au routage
In the aftermath of a natural or industrial disaster, locating individuals is crucial for first responders. However, disasters can cause extensive damage to the network infrastructures and a generalized loss of communication among survivors. In this thesis, we present a network support solution that provides a post-disaster geolocation-collecting service that relies on inter mobile device connections. On top of this dynamically built network, survivors' mobile device that get into contact exchange information about geolocation of others they have encountered and risk areas they have seen. Such information is routed towards pre-defined data collection centers, endowed with resilient processing and storage equipment, where first-responders can exploit it. Whe also present our mobility model, specific to crisis situations, that we used to conduct experiments on the ONE simulator. We evaluate the effect of different parameters of mobility and communication on our system performances. We especially analyse the impact of the proportion of motionless people. The feasability of our architecture has also been validated through the building of a physical test platform, based on pico-computers (Raspberry Pi). We finally contributed to define a new local centrality metric for time varying graphs, which could be used to infer useful information for routing

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Forgues, Bernard. "Processus de décision en situation de crise". Paris 9, 1993. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090043.

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Après avoir défini la crise comme un évènement pouvant provoquer des dégâts importants, impliquant des intéressés multiples et exigeant une attention immédiate, nous analysons onze cas de crises variées. Deux types d'analyses sont menées sur ces cas. Le premier, qualitatif, s'attache à retracer le processus de décision suivi. Le deuxième relève des analyses séquentielles et permet de retrouver l'ordre temporel des activités. La confrontation de ces résultats permet d'aboutir à un modèle explicatif de la décision de crise : l'évitement. Ce comportement est adopté par un individu ou une organisation qui ne veut pas prendre de décision trop impliquante. Les explications de ce comportement sont très diverses : manque d'information, niveau de stress élevé, absence de pouvoir. . . Les limites, implications pour la pratique et recherches futures sont ensuite exposées
We define a crisis as an event potentially provoking high damages, involving multiple stakeholders, and requiring immediate attention. Eleven case studies are made on various crises. The analyses used to study these cases are twofold. First, a qualitative analysis tracks the decision process. Second, a sequence method is used to retrieve the chronological order of activities. Those analyses lead to an avoidance model of crisis decision. This avoidance behavior is adopted by an individual or an organization not willing to make a too important decision. Several explanations lie behind this behavior : lack of information, high level of stress, lack of power. . . The limits, managerial implications and future researches are presented

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Foulquier, Thomas. "Entre formalisation et confiance, l'organisation de gestionnaires en situations de crise". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6100.

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Nos actions sont nécessairement influencées par notre appartenance à un certain nombre de milieux formels, organisés selon des règles bien connues. Ce sont elles qui rendent possibles les entreprises collectives, aussi diverses soient-elles, et qui entretiennent notre impression de permanence des sciences, de la politique, de la technique, du commerce, de la religion ou des arts : nos règles communes organisent notre vivre ensemble. Toutes nos organisations, pourtant, se trouvent plongées dans des circonstances où leur structure formelle, telle que perçue et répétée par leurs acteurs, est prise en défaut : ils parlent alors de crise, et c'est premièrement à une investigation des limites de la pertinence de cette dimension formelle du phénomène organisationnel qu'invite cette thèse. Nous avons rencontré à cette fin des gestionnaires de différentes organisations dont l'expérience concrète en situation de crise, recueillie et analysée en suivant les procédures d'une recherche qualitative selon la théorie enracinée de Strauss et Corbin (1990), nous a permis de préciser les circonstances, vécues comme intenses, conduisant les membres des organisations à déroger à la convention formelle, lorsqu'ils la perçoivent comme inadéquate. Le phénomène organisant ne semble alors plus dépendre que de la confiance entre ces individus réunis en situation, occupés à lui donner un sens pour y agir ensemble. Nous répondons ainsi à une problématique managériale faisant le constat de l'importance de la confiance entre les gestionnaires de crise des différentes organisations impliquées dans sa réponse, rassemblés pour agir ensemble. Nous en clarifions les raisons, et nous intégrons ce processus de retour à la confiance comme dernier rempart du phénomène organisant, au processus plus général de l'expérience de la crise par les gestionnaires. Outre les recommandations pratiques aux gestionnaires susceptibles de faire face à des situations de crise relativement à l'utilité de la règle formelle, cette recherche contribue à une meilleure connaissance théorique de la relation interpersonnelle de confiance, ici envisagée entre les gestionnaires de différentes organisations, en décrivant un processus de confiance influencé par leur expérience de l'intensité du contexte de la relation.

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Woods, Andrew Keane. "A social-situational approach to the regulation of international crimes : rethinking the existing criminal model". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610778.

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Cayouette-Guilloteau, Valérie. "La crise de l'éducation : un regard arendtien sur la situation québécoise". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27325.

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Toute l'œuvre de Hannah Arendt est une interpellation à « penser ce que nous faisons », pour reprendre ses mots. Ce travail poursuit le même objectif : s'arrêter un instant et réfléchir à nos pratiques. En continuité avec son intérêt - rarissime en philosophie - pour la question de la natalité, nous circonscrivons notre champ de recherche à l'une des dimensions les plus importantes d'une communauté politique : l'éducation. Adoptant la perspective d'une citoyenne prenant part à son monde commun, nous nous intéressons davantage à la situation concrète du système éducatif québécois, le nôtre. À partir de la présentation d'une constellation de problèmes circonstanciels, nous en venons à accepter un constat plus général de crise. À la suite de Hannah Arendt, nous revenons aux fondements de l'éducation et en interrogeons les finalités. Ainsi, nous espérons échapper à une nostalgie simpliste et mieux identifier ce que nous voulons pour le Québec contemporain en ce domaine. Dans une première partie, nous retraçons brièvement l'histoire du système éducatif québécois et les nombreuses transformations de ses intentions et pratiques pédagogiques. Puis, nous dégageons quelques problématiques importantes vécues et rapportées par les acteurs et actrices du milieu : les difficultés croissantes du modèle de l'« ascenseur social », le réductionnisme scientifique et la technicisation croissante de cette activité et l'influence hégémonique du management. Dans un deuxième temps, nous référant principalement au célèbre texte La crise de l'éducation, nous situons l'œuvre de Hannah Arendt dans son contexte historique, clarifions sa toile conceptuelle et établissons son appartenance à une tradition éducative libérale. Reprenant les constats de la première partie, nous étudions plus avant l'idée de crise en général et dans le domaine de l'éducation en particulier. Pour ce faire, nous nous référons aux travaux du phénoménologue Edmund Husserl que nous considérons comme une influence importante pour notre auteure. Finalement, toujours en dialogue avec la pensée arendtienne, nous défendons l'idée de refonder l'éducation québécoise sur un modèle humaniste renouvelé. Celui-ci, désirant dépasser les oppositions simplistes entre transmission des connaissances et développement des compétences, propose une sorte de conservatisme progressiste. L'éducation ainsi conçue poursuit la double finalité de la transmission d'un solide socle culturel commun et du développement des aptitudes nécessaires à la participation de tous et toutes à la vie démocratique. Nous allons chercher du côté de Normand Baillargeon, Paul Hirst, John Dewey, Martha C. Nussbaum et Georges Leroux les prolongements contemporains dont nous avons besoin pour réactualiser la pensée arendtienne en éducation. Mots-clés : Éducation; Hannah Arendt; Crise; Humanisme; Québec

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Guarnelli, Josselin. "Le paradoxe de la décision en situation de crise sur-médiatisée". Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE0029/document.

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Ce travail de thèse s’intéresse à comprendre comment un individu expert se comporte dans une situation de crise sur-Médiatisée. Pour ce faire, nous inscrirons notre recherche dans l’approche naturaliste de la décision dans laquelle, le contexte joue un rôle essentiel. Dans notre cas, nous avons choisi celui des crises sur-Médiatisées. En effet, depuis quelques années, la sur-Médiatisation nous apparaît être un facteur inédit qu’il convient d’analyser de manière rigoureuse. L’intérêt sera double. Du point de vue théorique, il s’agira d’observer les effets de la sur-Médiatisation sur le comportement des experts, et ainsi d’enrichir l’approche naturaliste. Du point de vue managérial, nous proposons une méthode de formation pour les experts confrontés à ce contexte d’actualité. Notre thèse se fonde sur une méthodologie qualitative visant à analyser deux situations extrêmes. La première porte sur le cas de pilotes de l’aviation légère de l'armée de terre et la seconde sur celui de restaurateurs de l’hôtellerie-Restauration. Dans tout contexte de crise, les individus experts peuvent être initiateurs ou suivre les décisions prises par d’autres experts confrontés au même problème. Dans le cas de situation de crise sur-Médiatisée, nos résultats révèlent un taux très élevé de suiveurs de décision. Il y a donc là un comportement paradoxal : les experts se focalisent sur les décisions de leurs homologues plutôt que sur le contenu intrinsèque du problème et n’utilisent que peu leur expérience. Nous estimons alors que les experts se comportent comme des novices, c’est-À-Dire, des décideurs sans expérience. Finalement, nous soulignons l’intérêt de former les experts aux situations de crise sur-Médiatisée pour les aider à surmonter ce nouveau défi
This thesis is interested in understanding on how an expert behaves in a mass communication situation crisis. To attain this objective, we use the naturalistic decision making approach in which the context plays an essential role. In our case, we used the mass communication situation crisis. In fact, since couple of years ago, mass communication in an unusual important factor that is convenient to analyze in a rigorous way. The benefit will be double. From a theoretical point of view, the aim is to observe the effects of the mass communication on the expert’s behaviors and in this way to reinforce the naturalistic approach. From a managerial point of view, we propose a learning method for the experts that face this context of actuality. This thesis is based on a qualitative methodology is order to analyze two extreme situations. The first one is the case of the hotel’s restaurant. In any crisis situation, experts can be leaders or followers: they follow the decision taken by other experts confronted to the same problem. In the case of a mass communication crisis situation, results reveal a higher percentage of followers. This shows a paradoxical behavior. Experts focus on the decision of their peers rather than on the content of the problem and use very low percentage of their own experience. Therefore, we estimate that an expert’s behavior is similar to a novice. Finally, we underline the importance of forming experts to mass communication crisis situations to help them overcome this challenge

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Ogg, S. "The impact of situation on fear of crime, assessing the role of the criminal justice system". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0004/MQ42672.pdf.

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