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Kaplan, Liat. "Sister: Poems". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1646.
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Dummit, Sandra Sharp. "The Boxer's Sister". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2008. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/674.
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Moifo, Hunadi Senkoane. "“She is my sister although she’s got factory faults”: a psychosocial study of Xhosa women’s sister-sister relationships". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4443.
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The current study examines the constructions that Black, Xhosa women from the working class and in middle adulthood draw on to make meaning of their sister-sister relationships. In addition to this, it aims to uncover their motivations for investing in these meanings. It makes use of a psychosocial theoretical framework that draws on discursive psychology and psychoanalysis. Discursive psychology is used to analyse the constructions the participants used to make meaning of their relationship, while psychoanalysis is used to interpret their investments in these constructions. Six participants were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The findings emphasise the psychosocial nature of the participants’ sisterly relationships, as caught between ‘inner’ world of feelings and emotions and the ‘outer’ world of social practices and expectations. Their narratives pointed to the obligatory nature of the sister-sister relationship, which drives participants to downplay the hatred or dislike that is present in their relationship and to emphasise traditional scripts of helping each other, promoting solidarity amongst sisters and other women. The analysis highlights the ways in which the participants negotiate and express their gender roles through sistering, reinforcing and challenging the traditional view of femininity and as a result providing for multiple femininities. In addition to these, the findings show that women may choose specific narratives to construct their sister-sister relationships as they allow them to feel safe and in control of their lives. Using psychoanalysis alongside discursive psychology enables the findings to illustrate how the participants invest in different constructions of their relationship in ways that are influenced by their values and life histories.
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Campbell, Kyle. "Sister Cities and Diaspora: From Diaspora to Potential Sister City Partnership". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21219.
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The sister city concept has now been around for several decades and yet there remains to be a paucity of literature dealing with the subject. Despite this unfortunate fact, there has been some literature written trying to deal with the progression of what sparked cities to try to establish sister city relationships with one another. However, this is still not enough. Diasporas have been neglected as a potential cause, which I try to remedy by employing the method of explaining outcome process tracing in a case study of the sister city relationship that began to be explored between the cities of Governador Valadares, Brazil and Framingham, United States.Information was collected using materials such as news articles from such sources as the Metrowest Daily News and official websites such as Governador Valadares’ official city webpage, and various histories, ethnographies, and other sources were also considered especially focusing on Framingham and the Greater Boston Area, allowing for the collection of materials of both primary and secondary nature and thus an in-depth analysis.What was found was that indeed, it is true that diaspora had a hand in influencing the negotiation of a sister city relationship between the two cities; First, the context of the Brazilian Diaspora in the United States was explained and analysed and it was found that it could be termed a termed a proletarian labour diaspora.Explaining outcome process tracing was then employed to inductively explain how the spark can be created, which suggested that the causal mechanism between the diaspora and the negotiations for the SCR to begin were that of an enclave forming due to the diaspora which then allowed social capital to be accumulated, allowing for Governador Valadares to grow despite Brazil’s bad economic conditions due to remittances, leading to the mayor of Governador Valadares initiating the talks.
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Ribner, Susan. "Sister stories and other tales". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2004. http://louisdl.louislibraries.org/u?/NOD,95.
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Thesis (M.F.A.)--University of New Orleans, 2004.Title from electronic submission form. "A thesis ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts in Drama and Communications."--Thesis t.p. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ricklefs, Tonya Kay. "I am who I am because I am a sister: exploring sister relationships in middle adulthood". Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20558.
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Doctor of PhilosophySchool of Family Studies and Human Services
Karen Myers-Bowman
Sibling relationships have often been studied with the goal of understanding the sibling influence on development of an individual. With the focus on development, research has often been limited to the time of life between the ages of birth to 18. Sibling research in adulthood has often been limited to examining siblings’ interactions in a particular context. Most of the research has examined siblings dealing with caregiving, family businesses, finances, or parental treatment. How siblings feel about their relationship, how the relationship has enhanced their lives, and what meaning individuals ascribe to that relationship through their lifetime has been understudied. This study focused on the meaning ascribed to a relationship between sisters by those in the relationship as well as the importance of sisterhood to the individual’s identity or perception of who they are because of the relationship. Participants responded to questions designed to gather information about what it means to them to be a sister in middle adulthood. The sisters indicated that the relationship held meaning for them though out their adult life. Parents were found to have influenced the relationship. In addition the sister relationship impacted the development of a sisters identity in multiple ways. For most sisters, they could not imagine who they would have become without the influence of their sisters.
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Mauthner, Melanie Louise. "Kindred spirits : stories of sister relationships". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020305/.
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This sociological study explores the construction of feminine subjectivities within biological sister relationships - a neglected, socially invisible tie. The qualitative research design, data collection and analysis are embedded in feminist standpoint theory and feminist post-structuralism. Sociological work in auto/biography is applied as a method for collecting and analysing sister life histories. Four methods were used to collect data from 37 women from varied class and ethnic backgrounds across six decades aged between 6 and 50 in the UK: a questionnaire; an Ecomap; a Flowchart; and a semi-structured depth interview. Five elements of the bond were documented: contact patterns, types of tie, factors affecting these ties, comparisons with female friendship, and changes over time. The data from 29 interviews were analysed through case studies, the auto/biographical method and grounded theory. A typology of four strands was developed to analyse the women's narratives: best friendship, close and distant companionship, the positioned and shifting positions discourses. Contact patterns between sisters were associated with forms of female friendship: some ties recalled the intensity of best friendship; others, the positive and negative aspects of distance and separateness of close and distant companionship. Sister ties evolve over time, moving from best friendship during girlhood to companionship in womanhood, or vice-versa. Change stems from circumstances external to the tie, and from internal shifts. These external changes - oscillating patterns of dependence and independence - are linked to turning-points and life events: changing school, acquiring and losing girlfriends and boyfriends, leaving home, starting work, divorce, bereavement, and mothering. Internal shifts are triggered by factors additional to life-stage and age: changing power relations and emotions. These are analysed in terms of the positioned discourse which reproduces elements of mother-daughter relationships, especially minimothering, where power tends to be hegemonic; and the shifting positions discourse, where role reversals occur and women alternately adopt dominant, dominated, or more equal positions of power. The role of 'agentic subjectivity' in the move in and out of one discourse to another is highlighted.
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Clifford, Katrina. "Sisterly Subjects: Brother-sister relationships in female-authored domestic novels, 1750-1820". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10065.
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‘Sisterly Subjects’ argues that female novelists from Eliza Haywood to Jane Austen established a tradition within the female-authored domestic novel that was based on the possibilities presented by the brother-sister relationship, the only cross-gender relationship in the eighteenth century that carried with it expectations of equality. In various ways these novelists use the unusual familial space of the brother-sister relationship to critique the emergent ideology of domesticity, to challenge authority structures, and to experiment with form in a key period of the development of the novel. This thesis examines two main functions of this relationship in eighteenth-century female-authored novels through two arguments about sisterly subjects. First, it deals with the position of women – their subjecthood – in the family and in society. In many novels written by women, a brother’s usurping of authority in this supposedly equal relationship is used to demonstrate women’s right to autonomy and the negative effects of their continued subjection within the family and, particularly after the French Revolution, within society. Second, it traces the establishment of the sister as the subject of the domestic novel. Female-authored novels involving brother-sister relationships not only make obvious the privileging of the sister’s story over the brother’s, they also demonstrate the connection between the subjection of women within the family and the form of the novel. This thesis challenges critical orthodoxies regarding the conservative nature of the domestic novel and the tendency of women novelists to promote a domestic ideal. Instead of promoting women’s subjection, these novelists use the brother-sister relationship to assert women’s autonomy, to question gender inequalities in the family and in society, and to affirm the importance of the female subject and the sister’s story.
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Chou, Tau-San Weber David F. "Sister chromatid exchanges in Zea mays L". Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1985. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p8514768.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1985.Title from title page screen, viewed June 7, 2005. Dissertation Committee: David F. Weber (chair), Herman Brockman, Tsan Iang Chuang, Alan Katz, Derek McCracken. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-142) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Warnock, Jeanie E. "Kind tyranny: Brother-sister relationships in Renaissance drama". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9116.
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The study focuses on the social, literary, and psychological significance of the brother-sister relationship to a broad range of Renaissance tragedy and tragicomedy. After a brief historical analysis of siblings, the thesis considers the brother-sister relationship as an important means for dramatists to explore questions of identity, of gender conflict, and of differing understandings of family. It also examines the relationship as a developing literary tradition in the drama of the Stuart period, a tradition which culminates in the works of John Ford. The first half of the study surveys a large range of non-Shakespearean revenge tragedy and tragicomedy. In revenge tragedy, violent brother-sister strife serves as a symbol of the self in turmoil, as an image of a disordered family and society, and as a focal point for tension over the nature of women. Brothers also subvert traditional family roles in their relationships with their sisters. The avenging brother and sister, joined in shared loyalty to their house, mount a legitimate challenge to the authority of husband and king; pandar brothers become diabolical inversions of father and husband. Proceeding to tragicomedy, the thesis analyzes the brother as a figure of illegitimate authority and considers the privileged position gained by royal sisters, whose noble blood renders them the equal of their brothers. The latter half of the dissertation reinterprets the plays of John Webster and John Ford. In The Duchess of Malfi, the royal siblings' similarity, close blood tie, and high rank overturn gender difference and affirm the intimate connection between the sexes. The study considers the importance of blood family to the Duchess' self-conception and examines Ferdinand's attempts to create identity by usurping the place of his sister's husband. Ford's two plays 'Tis Pity She's A Whore and The Fancies Chaste and Noble stand as the culmination of dramatic treatments of idealized and antagonistic brother-sister relationships alike. Both works contrast the opposing nature of physical and familial love and elevate asexual love above sexual passion, presenting a sibling tie which undermines the bond between husband and wife.
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Warnock, Jeanie. "Kind tyranny, brother-sister relationships in Renaissance drama". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ57078.pdf.
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Farcas, Ana-Maria. "Studies on sister chomated cohesion using minichromosomal DNA". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526774.
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Gravells, Polly Laura. "Investigating spontaneous sister chromatid exchange in uveal melanoma". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531106.
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Burner, Colleen. "Sister Golden Calf: Stories, Dissections, & A Novella". PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2081.
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Children find decomposing bodies on a beach. A girl becomes a ghost and finds someone. A dog dies but its owner is out of his mind and eating waffles. Sheep are a perfect species. A woman experiences a pregnancy that is out of this world! A raccoon dies and you watch its body break down. A father does his best fathering.
You take a textual road-trip tour of America’s oldest hobby. A trauma is slowed down, picked apart. A soupfin shark is dissected and you watch. A homestead becomesa ghost town in rural Oregon. Joseph Beuys is an artist.
A sister falls in love with an object, has a difference of opinion with her sister.
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Liu, Zhe. "Characterization of sister chromatid cohesins having overlapping function and the role of separase, AtESP1, in controlling sister chromatid cohesion in Arabidopsis". Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1134155133.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2005.Title from second page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [3], vi, 124 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references.
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Chenier, Karen Marie. "Listening to the voices of the American Catholic sister". Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2013.
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Hebbeler, Michael H. "The Sister Karamazov: Dorothy Day's Encounter with Dostoevsky's Novel". Dayton, Ohio : University of Dayton, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1250126537.
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Essex, David John. "The Necessary Good: The "True Ethic" of "Sister Carrie"". W&M ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625356.
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Lewis, Kate G. "Mothers and sisters : instrument and idiom in the music of Maybelle Carter, Memphis Minnie and sister Rosetta Tharpe". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2018. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/848856/.
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This thesis contains a set of studies analysing the idiotechne, or individual playing style, of three pioneering female popular guitar players: Maybelle Carter (1909-1978); Memphis Minnie (1897-1973); and Sister Rosetta Tharpe (1915-1973). The main aim of the thesis is to identify and examine how these seminal artists operated within, and contributed to, their respective genres and in so doing, expand the current field of idiotechne studies of guitarists in American popular music. An examination of these particular players will also contribute to a more comprehensive and gender-inclusive history of the instrument. The study begins with a critical review of the relevant scholarly literature surrounding the popular guitar, an introduction to the main subjects, and a discussion of the analytical methods used within the study. The thesis offers a framework for popular guitar idiotechne analysis, based on Moore’s theories of idiolect identification (2005; 2012), in particular the assessment of a player’s interaction within, and beyond, their stylistic context. As such, the study of each player in this thesis is supported by relevant historical sources (Boyer 1979; Evans 1982; 2001; Heilbut 2002; Malone 2010), in order to demonstrate how these players operated within their styles, as well as introduced approaches that were later adopted within general guitaristic and musical practice. The three main chapters of the thesis contain extensive technical analyses supported by original transcriptions. Key attributes for each player are identified and examined, including 1) Maybelle Carter’s modular comping patterns, integrated thumb-lead style, and melodic shadowing, 2) Memphis Minnie’s melodic mapping, master and seed riffs, and creative engagement with call-and-response, and 3) Sister Rosetta Tharpe’s active comping, master chords and riffs, and musical and performative gestures. The final section of the thesis reviews the main findings of the project, and offers suggestions for further research.
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Almedawar, Seba. "A SUMO-dependent step during establishment of Sister Chromatid Cohesion". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/123807.
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Els anells de cohesina, formats per les proteïnes Smc1, Smc3, Scc1 i Scc3, s’uneixen topològicament al DNA, mantenint les parelles de cromàtides germanes unides des de la duplicació del DNA fins al començament de l’anafase. Aquesta funció, coneguda com a Cohesió entre Cromàtides Germanes, permet la biorientació dels cromosomes en el fus mitòtic i, posteriorment, la seva correcta segregació. Es tracta per tant d’una funció fonamental per a la vida. La cohesió entre cromàtides germanes també té altres funcions, com ara afavorir la reparació del dany en el DNA a través de recombinació homòloga. És per aquests motius que la cohesina està sotmesa a diferents nivells de regulació al llarg del cicle cel·lular, a través de diversos factors reguladors i modificacions post-traduccionals. Per exemple, l’acetilació de la subunitat Smc3 és necessària per a que els anells es mantinguin establement units a cromatina. Alteracions en la molècula de cohesina o en la seva regulació poden provocar el desenvolupament de patologies i contribuir en la progressió tumoral. En aquest estudi, descrivim la sumoilació de la cohesina com una nova modificació post-traduccional necessària per la cohesió en Saccharomyces cerevisiae. La sumoilació de la cohesina depèn, en part, de la SUMO lligasa Nse2 i d’un complex Smc5/6 plenament funcional. Totes les subunitats del complex cohesina es sumoilen in vivo durant la replicació del DNA, després de la formació dels anells de cohesina i del seu reclutament a cromatina, en un procés depenent de la unió d’ATP a les subunitats SMC, i independent de l’acetilació de Smc3. Per tal d’alterar l’estat de sumoilació dels anells de cohesina i identificar la rellevància funcional d’aquesta modificació, hem dissenyat un nou sistema experimental que permet eliminar SUMO de totes les proteïnes del complex, basat en la fusió del domini SUMO peptidasa de Ulp1 (UD) a la proteïna Scc1. Les fusions Scc1-UD s’incorporen als anells de cohesina, es carreguen en la cromatina i es localitzen adequadament sobre els cromosomes de llevat. Tanmateix, la desumoilació dels anells de cohesina bloqueja la cohesió entre les cromàtides germanes, aturant el cicle cel·lular en G2/M i provocant la pèrdua de viabilitat de les cèl·lules. Aquests efectes són deguts a l’activitat del domini SUMO peptidasa, i no a problemes estructurals en la proteïna de fusió Scc1-UD, ja que la mutació puntual del centre catalític de UD restaura la cohesió i la viabilitat cel·lular. Experiments en paral·lel suggereixen que la sumoilació de la cohesina podria tenir funcions similars en cèl·lules humanes.
Sorprenentment, els anells de cohesina continuen acetilats en absència de sumoilació. Donat que els models actuals proposen que els anells es tanquen de forma estable en ser acetilats, és probable que en absència de sumoilació la cohesina encercli una sola cromàtida. Per tant, proposem que la sumoilació de la cohesina seria necessària durant la replicació del DNA per atrapar les dues cromàtides germanes de forma estable en l’interior de l’anell.Los anillos de cohesina, formados por las proteínas Smc1, SMC3, Scc1 y Scc3, se unen topológicamente al DNA, manteniendo las parejas de cromátidas hermanas unidas desde la duplicación del DNA hasta el comienzo de la anafase. Esta función, conocida como Cohesión entre Cromátidas Hermanas, permite la biorientación de los cromosomas en el huso mitótico y, posteriormente, su correcta segregación. Se trata por lo tanto de una función fundamental para la vida. La cohesión entre cromátidas hermanas también tiene otras funciones, como favorecer la reparación del daño en el DNA a través de recombinación homóloga. Es por estos motivos que la cohesina está sometida a varios niveles de regulación a lo largo del ciclo celular, a través de diferentes factores reguladores y modificaciones post-traduccionales. Por ejemplo, la acetilación de la subunidad Smc3 es necesaria para que los anillos se mantengan establemente unidos a cromatina. Alteraciones en la molécula de cohesina y/o en su regulación pueden provocar el desarrollo de patologías y contribuir a la progresión tumoral. En este estudio, describimos la sumoilación de la cohesina como una nueva modificación post-traduccional necesaria para la cohesión en Saccharomyces cerevisiae. La sumoilación de la cohesina depende, en parte, de la SUMO ligasa Nse2 y de un complejo Smc5/6 plenamente funcional. Todas las subunidades del complejo cohesina se sumoilan in vivo durante la replicación del ADN, después de la formación de los anillos de cohesina y de su reclutamiento en cromatina, en un proceso dependiente de la unión de ATP a las subunidades SMC, e independiente de la acetilación de Smc3. Con el fin de alterar el estado de sumoilación de los anillos de cohesina e identificar la relevancia funcional de esta modificación, hemos diseñado una nueva aproximación experimental que permite eliminar SUMO de todas las proteínas del complejo, basado en la fusión del dominio SUMO peptidasa de Ulp1 (UD) a la proteína Scc1. Las fusiones Scc1-UD se incorporan a los anillos de cohesina, se cargan en la cromatina y se localizan adecuadamente sobre los cromosomas de levadura. Sin embargo, la desumoilación de los anillos de cohesina impide la cohesión entre las cromátidas hermanas, deteniendo el ciclo celular en G2/M y provocando la pérdida de viabilidad de las células. Estos efectos son debidos a la actividad del dominio SUMO peptidasa, y no a problemas estructurales en la proteína de fusión Scc1-UD, ya que la mutación puntual del centro catalítico de UD restaura la cohesión y la viabilidad celular. Experimentos en paralelo sugieren que la sumoilació de la cohesina podría tener funciones similares en células humanas. Sorprendentemente, los anillos de cohesina continúan acetilados en ausencia de sumoilación. Dado que los modelos actuales proponen que los anillos se cierran establemente al ser acetilados, es probable que en ausencia de sumoilación la cohesina se cierre en torno a una sola cromátida. En consecuencia, proponemos que la sumoilación de la cohesina sería necesaria durante la replicación del ADN para atrapar las dos cromátidas hermanas de forma estable en el interior del anillo.
Cohesin rings composed of the Smc1, Smc3, Scc1 and Scc3 proteins topologically bind to DNA, keeping pairs of sister chromatids together from the time of DNA replication until the onset of anaphase. This feature, known as Sister Chromatid Cohesion (SCC), allows the biorientation of chromosomes on the mitotic spindle, and their subsequent segregation. Sister Chromatid Cohesion also has other roles, such as enabling repair of DNA damage through homologous recombination. Thus, it is not surprising that cohesin is subjected to multiple levels of control during the cell cycle by different regulatory factors and post-translational modifications. For example, acetylation of the Smc3 subunit is required to prevent the opening of cohesin rings, keeping them stably bound to chromatin. Alterations in the cohesin molecule itself and/or its regulation may lead to the development of serious pathologies and can contribute to tumor progression. In this study, we describe the sumoylation of cohesin as a new post-translational modification required for Sister Chromatid Cohesion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sumoylation of cohesin is partially dependent on the Nse2 SUMO ligase and the Smc5/6 complex. All subunits of the cohesin complex are sumoylated in vivo during DNA replication, after the formation of cohesin rings and their recruitment onto chromatin, in a process dependent on the binding of ATP to the SMC subunits, and independent of Smc3 acetylation. In order to alter the sumoylation status of cohesin rings and to identify its functional relevance, we designed a new approach to remove SUMO from all cohesin subunits, based on the fusion of the SUMO peptidase domain of Ulp1 (UD) to the Scc1 protein. Scc1-UD fusions are properly incorporated into cohesin rings, loaded onto chromatin and located along yeast chromosomes. However, desumoylation of cohesin rings prevents Sister Chromatid Cohesion, arresting cells in G2/M and causing the loss of cell viability. These effects are due to the activity of the SUMO peptidase domain rather than structural problems in the Scc1-UD fusion, since mutation of the catalytic site in the UD restores cohesion and cell viability. Parallel experiments suggest that sumoylation of cohesin might have similar functions in human cells. Surprisingly, cohesin rings remain acetylated in the absence of sumoylation. Current models propose that cohesin rings are stably locked once they are acetylated. Therefore, it is likely that in the absence of sumoylation cohesin encircles a single chromatid. Consequently, we propose that sumoylation of cohesin is required during DNA replication to entrap the two sister chromatids inside its ring structure.
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Tang, Chi Kin. "Theodore Dreiser's Sister Carrie and the self in consumer society". Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2456357.
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Hughes, Kathleen. "Becoming a Sister: The Socialization of Women into a Sorority". TopSCHOLAR®, 2003. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/600.
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Adult peer groups have become more and more a topic for sociological study. It is a phenomenon that is starting to gain interest. This research focuses on one sorority on the campus of a Midwestern university and how this sorority manages to incorporate the women that they pledge through formal recruitment into the sorority and how these women fully socialize themselves into this group of women who already have bonded with each other. A synthesis of symbolic interactionism and social exchange theory helps to break down the socialization process and shows how the new members move through the stages of sorority membership. By the time this research ended at the sorority formal, the new members were fully incorporated into the sorority through a variety of events including meetings, recruitment, sisterhood activities, social activities, and the ritual aspects of the sorority.
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Isaac, Nicholas John Bendall. "Continuous characters in macroevolution : hypothesis testing with sister-clade comparisons". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406085.
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Miyazaki, Wesley Y. "The drosophila ord gene, sister-chomatid cohesion, and chromosome segregation". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32133.
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Kelly, Elizabeth Jane. "Ecomorphological differences between sister species, Rhinolophus capensis and Rhinolophus swinnyi". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6109.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-81).
Phenotypic analyses of sibling species provide the opportunity to examine divergence that is caused by adaptation rather than phylogenetic history. Rhinolophus capensis and Rhinolophus swinnyi diverged from a common ancestor between 15 and 20 million years ago. The Fynbos biome of the south-western Cape (South Africa) arose around the same time, and its distribution is coincident with that of R. capensis. Since this event probably influenced the speciation of these species, I examine differences in the ecomorphology of these bats in their current distributions. R. capensis is bigger than R. swinnyi, with corresponding differences in echolocation call signatures and wing morphology.
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Gorman, Albert T. "Making the connection : transnational civilian-to-civilian partnerships". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Dec%5FGorman.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2002.Thesis advisor(s): Robert Looney, Lois Roberts. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-75). Also available online.
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Titos, Vivancos Iris 1986. "Topoisomerase II and dynamic microtubules solve sister chromatid intertwinings in anaphase". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/287225.
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At the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, spindle microtubules pull replicated
chromosomes to the daughter cells, but full separation of long chromosome
arms is achieved in late anaphase. We have created an allelic series of long
chromosomes to elucidate the mechanisms involved in long chromosome
resolution during mitosis. With this method we have shown that long
chromosome cells are sensitized to the loss of genes involved in chromosome
structure and segregation. We have discovered that Topoisomerase II is
needed during anaphase to resolve distal regions of long chromosomes and
that the activity of the microtubule polymerase Stu2 is crucial in the resolution
of catenations. Moreover, we have identified the nuclear organization as a
new source that contributes to the topological stress accumulated in
chromosomes. Thus, topological constraints imposed by chromosome length
and nuclear architecture determine the amount of sister chromatid
intertwinings that must be resolved by Topoisomerase II and dynamic
microtubules during anaphase.A la transició entre metafase i anafase els microtúbuls del fus mitòtic transporten els cromosomes a les cèl·lules filles, tot i això la separació completa dels braços dels cromosomes no succeeix fins al final dʼanafase. Amb lʼobjectiu dʼentendre com es resolen els cromosomes llargs durant anafase, hem creat una sèrie al·lèlica de cromosomes artificalment llargs. Amb aquesta metodologia hem demostrat que les cèl·lules que contenen cromosomes llargs estan sensibilitzades a la pèrdua de gens involucrats en lʼestructura i la segregació de cromosomes. Hem descobert que la Topoisomerasa II es necesària durant anafase per resoldre les regions distals de cromosomes llargs i que lʼactivitat de la polimerasa de microtúbuls, Stu2, és essencial en la resolució de concatenacions entre cromàtides germanes. A més, hem pogut identificar lʼorganització nuclear com una nova font que contribueix a lʼestrés topològic acumulat als cromosomes. En conclusió, les restriccions topològiques que imposen tant la longitud dels cromosomes com lʼarquitectura nuclear determinen la quantitat de concatenacions entre cromàtides germanes que han de ser resoltes per la Topoisomerasa II i els microtúbuls dinàmics durant anafase.
28
Bevc, Irena. "The effects of early separation and intimacy on brother-sister incest". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0008/NQ39254.pdf.
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Page, Andrea Wilder. "The meiotic cell cycle and sister-chromatid cohesion in Drosophila oocytes". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9843.
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30
Borges, V. S. F. "Establishment of sister chromatid cohesion during DNA replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1370644/.
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Establishment of sister chromatid cohesion is a process thought to occur as the replication fork passes chromosomal loci bound by the cohesin complex. After fork passage, cohesin holds together pairs of replication products to allow their recognition by the mitotic machinery for segregation into daughter cells. In budding yeast, cohesin is loaded onto chromosomes during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. During S phase, the replication fork-associated acetyltransferase Eco1 acetylates the cohesin subunit Smc3 to promote the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion. At the time of anaphase, Smc3 loses its acetylation again, but the Smc3 deacetylase and the possible importance of Smc3 deacetylation were unknown. I show that the class I histone deacetylase family member Hos1 is responsible for Smc3 deacetylation. Cohesin is protected from deacetylation while bound to chromosomes but is deacetylated as soon as it dissociates from chromosomes at anaphase onset. Nonacetylated Smc3 is required as a substrate for cohesion establishment in the following cell cycle. Smc3 acetylation during DNA replication renders cohesin resistant against the cohesin destabiliser Wapl. However, because in the absence of Wapl cohesin acetylation is dispensable for cohesion establishment, I have turned my attention to additional ‘cohesion establishment factors’ replication fork-associated proteins required for efficient cohesion establishment. These include Chl1, Ctf4, Ctf18, Mrc1, Tof1 and Csm3. I have used genetic and molecular assays to investigate the relationship of these cohesion establishment factors with the cohesin acetylation pathway. This revealed a contribution of all of these factors to efficient cohesin acetylation. However, removal of the cohesin destabiliser Wapl corrected the cohesion defect in all of the cohesion establishment mutants, except Ctf4 and Chl1. Furthermore, my genetic analysis revealed pronounced synthetic interactions of these two factors with Eco1. Ctf4 and Chl1 therefore define a subset of Eco1-independent cohesion establishment factors, whose possible mechanism of action I have started to investigate.
31
Costa, Isaura Maria da. "Sister talk foundations and gleanings for a Black Brazilian woman's theology /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.
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32
Allan, Helen Therese. "'Sister will see you now' : managing emotions in a fertility clinic". Thesis, University of Manchester, 1999. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533443.
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33
Gahlhoff, Debra Zoe. "Selling the Body: Representing the Prostitute in Maggie and Sister Carrie". PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4963.
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Prostitutes have played a significant role in society and literature for many centuries, both as subjects of irresistible desire and repentant shame. Although prostitution plays a role in patriarchy, female prostitutes have often defied the conventions of patriarchal society by supporting themselves outside marriage, outside the reign of religious conviction and, more recently, by seeking to continue their professional work with legal sanction. Other groups of women, such as those active in civic reform interests, have yearned for the reformation of prostitute behaviors, powerfully countering the cry from those who support prostitution and call for their legal right to pursue their profession. As a literary theme, prostitution makes a remarkably consistent showing throughout time, but it was not until the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that the prostitute as a character was portrayed in such a way as to allow prevailing assumptions to disperse. This study discusses the representations of prostitutes in two novels by American authors, Stephen Crane and Theodore Dreiser, as read through the lens of social science literature existing during the authors' lives. The social science literature noted here spans most of the nineteenth century and was known to maintain a high degree of influence over social scientists of the time. The novels cover a period stretching from 1893 (with the first publication of Maggie) to 1907 (with the second publication of Sister Carrie). This study explores how each author's portrayal of the prostitute character corresponds with the stereotypical assumptions of the day and how the representations differ from those stereotypes. The study also examines portraits taken of the Storyville Prostitutes by a commercial photographer in New Orleans, E. J. Bellocq, in order to exemplify the visual aspects and constructions of prostitution. Due in part to the principles of scientific determinism that influenced writers like Crane and Dreiser, the prostitute was observed and portrayed through a lens presumed to filter out subjective convictions which had so long colored the prostitute in a reddish light. By analyzing three forms of representation--the photograph, the sociological report, and the novel--my thesis shows that accepted ideologies were beginning to change with respect to the ways people viewed prostitutes.
34
Henry, Amanda Ann (Shaffer). "Clarkia genetic basis of sister species divergence Clarkia concinna x Clarkia breweri /". Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/henry/HenryA0806.pdf.
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35
Blanning, Hannah Catherine. "Reanimating the image: Verbal triumphs in the battle of the sister arts". Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1442953.
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36
Kuo, Yeh Chen. "Caregiving identities of women with a brother or sister with cerebral palsy". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21967.
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This study examined the caregiving identities of Taiwanese women who have siblings with cerebral palsy. It is based on 12 in-depth qualitative interviews with 6 women who were at least 20 years of age, each of whom self-identified either as the family member most involved in caregiving or as the only sister of the sibling with cerebral palsy. The results of the study suggest that the provision of current and future care to siblings with cerebral palsy is a complex phenomenon that contributes to how these women view themselves. Caregiving is informed by four processes associated with the provision of care to their siblings: (a) caring through interpretation (b) caring through transformation (c) caring through protection and (d) caring through sacrifice. Engaging in these four processes of providing care to others created unique considerations and tensions in carrying out other roles these women assume in their lives. More specifically, these tensions had to do with their negotiation of relationships with their mothers, considerations pertaining to who they will marry or have already married, the denial of their right to inherit family properties, as well as their desire and expectation to provide ongoing care to their sibling with CP after marriage. In the study, we observed that these women internalized the sexual division of labour in their families and in their culture; they perpetuated the gender system that requires mothers and sisters to engage in family care. Therefore, greater attention must be brought to the promotion of a more equitable sharing of caring tasks by men and women in the family and to the designing and implementing of long-term care policies adapted to the unique characteristics of Taiwanese society.L'identité d'aidante naturelle des taïwanaises avec frères ou sœurs atteints de paralysie cérébrale Résumé Cette étude a examiné l'identité d'aidante naturelle des taïwanaises qui prennent soin de leurs frères ou sœurs atteints de paralysie cérébrale. Elle est basée sur 12 interviews détaillées avec 6 femmes âgées d'au moins 20 ans. Ces dernières se sont identifiées soit comme les uniques sœurs des personnes atteintes de paralysie cérébrale ou encore comme les personnes les plus impliquées dans la provision de soins. Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent que la provision de soins présents et futurs aux frères ou sœurs atteints de paralysie cérébrale est un phénomène complexe qui contribue à la perception de soi de ces femmes. Ce phénomène est influencé par quatre processus associés à la provision des soins : (a) soins par interprétation (b) soins par transformation (c) soins par protection (d) soins par sacrifice. L'implication dans ces quatre processus a crée pour ces femmes des considérations uniques et des tensions dans d'autres domaines de leur vie. Plus précisément, ces tensions sont liées à la négociation des relations avec leurs mères, à leurs choix de conjoints, à la répudiation de leurs droits à la succession, ainsi qu'à leurs aspirations et attentes relatives à la provision de soins continus à leurs frères ou sœurs atteints de paralysie cérébrale après le mariage. Étant donné que les femmes ont assimilé la division du travail dans leurs familles et dans leur culture, et qu'elles continuent à vivre dans un système qui demande que les mères et les sœurs s'impliquent dans les soins familiaux, plus d'attention doit être accordée à la promotion d'un partage plus équitable des soins prodigués par les hommes et les femmes dans les familles. Plus d'attention doit aussi être portée au développement de politiques de soins à long terme adaptés à la société taïwanaise.
37
Gerster, Jean Louise. "A cytogenetic study of factors affecting sister chromatid exchange in Vicia faba /". Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63936.
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38
Sundaramoorthy, S. "Mediators of pre-mRNA splicing regulate sister chromatid cohesion in mammalian cells". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1418244/.
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The ‘endless forms most beautiful’ that populate our planet rely on the process of cell division to ensure equal segregation of the cellular content including the DNA to the two daughter cells. The accurate segregation of chromosomes in eukaryotes relies on connection between replicated sister chromatids, a phenomenon known as sister chromatid cohesion. Sister chromatid cohesion is mediated by a conserved ring-like protein complex known as cohesin. Defects in this process can promote aneuploidy and contribute to meiotic segregation errors with adverse consequences for developing embryos. Despite numerous advances into understanding cell division at the molecular level, we still lack a comprehensive list of the participating proteins and complexes. The aim of this thesis was to use available functional genomic and proteomic data to identify novel regulators of mitosis in human cells. Using an RNAi approach, we identified a set of factors involved in pre-mRNA splicing whose depletion prevents successful cell division. Loss of these splicing factors leads to a failure in chromosome alignment and to a protracted mitotic arrest that is dependent on the spindle assembly checkpoint. This mitotic phenotype was accompanied by a dramatic loss of sister chromatid cohesion that we could show happens as soon as DNA replication. While depletion of pre-mRNA splicing mediators had no effect on cohesin loading onto chromatin, it prevented the stable association of cohesin with chromatin. Immunoblotting revealed that the depletion of splicing factors caused a 5-fold reduction in the protein levels of Sororin, a protein required for stable association of cohesin with chromatin in post-replicative cells. Further analysis suggests erroneous splicing of Sororin pre-mRNA upon depletion of splicing factors. Importantly, the sister chromatid cohesion loss caused by depletion of splicing factors could be suppressed by a Sororin transgene that lacks introns. Our results suggest that that pre-mRNA splicing of Sororin is a rate-limiting step in the maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion in human cells. Our work reveals that a primary cellular pathology of compromised pre-mRNA splicing is a mitotic arrest accompanied by split sister chromatids. Our work linking splicing and sister chromatid cohesion has implications for the pathology of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). One of the splicing factors that we implicate in sister chromatid cohesion is SF3B1, whose gene is one of the most frequently mutated genetic drivers found in CLL patients.
39
Liu, Zhenhua, Raquel Tavares, Evan S. Forsythe, François André, Raphaël Lugan, Gabriella Jonasson, Stéphanie Boutet-Mercey i in. "Evolutionary interplay between sister cytochrome P450 genes shapes plasticity in plant metabolism". NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621949.
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Expansion of the cytochrome P450 gene family is often proposed to have a critical role in the evolution of metabolic complexity, in particular in microorganisms, insects and plants. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the evolution of this complexity are poorly understood. Here we describe the evolutionary history of a plant P450 retrogene, which emerged and underwent fixation in the common ancestor of Brassicales, before undergoing tandem duplication in the ancestor of Brassicaceae. Duplication leads first to gain of dual functions in one of the copies. Both sister genes are retained through subsequent speciation but eventually return to a single copy in two of three diverging lineages. In the lineage in which both copies are maintained, the ancestral functions are split between paralogs and a novel function arises in the copy under relaxed selection. Our work illustrates how retrotransposition and gene duplication can favour the emergence of novel metabolic functions.
40
Cooper, Amanda. "Ghanaian Siblings' Experiences of a Brother or Sister with a Mental Disability". Thesis, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10260450.
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The following study explored the experiences of Ghanaian adult siblings of a brother or sister with a mental disability in Accra, Ghana. The literature review included international and multidisciplinary research on culture, Ghana, Ghanaian culture, family caregiver experiences, and adult siblings of individuals with a mental disability. A descriptive phenomenological design was employed to capture and describe the essence of the experiences of the participants of this study. The primary research question explored through this design was: what is the experience of being an adult sibling of a brother or sister with a mental disability in Ghana? The secondary research question was: what are the factors that impact the adult caregiver in caring for the sibling with a mental disability in Ghana? A purposeful sampling method was used to recruit 15 adult siblings of an individual with a mental disability with the assistance of a school for individuals with special needs located in Accra, Ghana. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data for this study. Five themes were identified in relation to the primary research question: 1) impact on self, 2) sibling relationship, 3) family, 4) interactions with society, and 5) caregiver. In answer to the secondary research question, several factors were found to impact the adult siblings in caring for their brother or sister: level of care needed, total number of siblings, sibling rank order, age, gender, parents living or passed, parental status, and financial status. The results of the study were discussed in relation to the reviewed literature, implications for the findings, and recommendations for future research were included. This study added to existing body of international psychology literature, demonstrated the importance of attending to the influence of culture when seeking to understand the experiences and needs of adult siblings of a brother or sister with a mental disability, and has the potential to inform systems of support for Ghanaian siblings of individuals with mental disabilities.
41
Tolley, Rebecca. "Review of Tools of Her Ministry: The Art of Sister Gertrude Morgan". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5726.
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42
Vickridge, Elise. "Management of E. coli sister chromatid cohesion in response to genotoxic stress". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS172/document.
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La réplication fidèle de l’ADN au cours du cycle cellulaire est essentielle au maintien de l’intégrité du génome à travers les générations. Toutefois, de nombreux éléments peuvent perturber et compromettre la réplication et donc cette intégrité. La mitomycine C (MMC) est une molécule génotoxique utilisée en chimiothérapie. Elle forme des liaisons covalentes entre les deux brins d’ADN, ce qui est un obstacle à la bonne réplication de l’ADN. La rencontre de la fourche de réplication avec une liaison covalente entre les deux brins d’ADN va aboutir à une cassure double brin. Escherichia coli (E.coli) est un modèle d’étude très étendu car facile d’utilisation, permettant d’aborder des notions complexes. E coli possède divers mécanismes pour réparer ces lésions dont le régulon SOS. Le régulon SOS est un ensemble de gènes sous contrôle d’un promoteur réprimé par la protéine LexA. En réponse à des dommages à l’ADN, LexA est dégradé et les gènes du régulon sont activés.En utilisant une technique de biologie moléculaire qui permet de quantifier l’interaction entre deux chromatides sœurs restées cohésives derrière la fourche de réplication (étape appelée cohésion des chromatides sœurs), nous avons montré qu’en réponse à des cassures double brin générées par la MMC, la cohésion entre les chromatides sœurs nouvellement répliquées est maintenue. Ce phénomène est dépendant de RecN, une protéine induite de façon précoce dans le régulon SOS. RecN est une protéine de type SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes), un groupe de protéines impliqué dans la dynamique et la structure du chromosome. En parallèle, des techniques de microscopie confocale et de marquage du chromosome par des protéines fluorescentes ont permis de montrer que la protéine RecN est impliquée dans une condensation globale du nucléoide suite à un traitement par la MMC. Cette condensation du nucléoide s’accompagne d’un rapprochement des chromatides sœurs ségrégées. Ces deux phénomènes, médiés par RecN pourraient permettre une stabilisation globale des nucléoides et favoriser l’appariement des chromatides sœurs pour permettre la recombinaison homologue.De façon intéressante, l’inhibition de Topoisomérases de type II (Topoisomerase IV et Gyrase) permettent de restaurer le phénotype d’un mutant recN en viabilité et en cohésion des chromatides sœurs. Les Topoisomérases sont des protéines qui prennent en charge les liens topologiques générés par la réplication et la transcription). Les liens topologiques non éliminés par les Topoisomerases permettraient de garder les chromatides sœurs cohésives et favoriser la réparation, même en l’absence de RecN.De plus, une expérience de RNA seq (séquençage de tout le transcriptome de la bactérie) a révélé que dans un mutant recN, le régulon SOS est moins induit que dans les cellules sauvages. Ceci va de pair avec une déstructuration des foci de réparation RecA. Il est possible que le rapprochement des chromatides sœurs médié par RecN permettrait de stabiliser le filament RecA et donc l’induction du SOS.L’ensemble de ces résultats suggère que RecN, une protéine de type SMC, permet de maintenir la cohésion entre les chromatides sœurs nouvellement répliquées, favorisant la réparation de cassures double brins par recombinaison homologueMaintaining genome integrity through replication is an essential process for the cell cycle. However, many factors can compromise this replication and thus the genome integrity. Mitomycin C is a genotoxic agent that creates a covalent link between the two DNA strands. When the replication fork encounters the DNA crosslink, it breaks and creates a DNA double strand break (DSB). Escherichia coli (E.coli) is a widely used model for studying complex DNA mechanisms. When facing a DNA DSB, E. coli activates the SOS response pathway. The SOS response comprises over 50 genes that are under the control of a LexA-repressed promoter. Upon a DSB induction, RecA, a central protein of the SOS response will trigger the degradation of LexA and all the SOS genes will be expressed.We have developed a novel molecular biology tool that reveals contacts between sister chromatids that are cohesive. It has been shown in the lab (Lesterlin et al. 2012) that during a regular cell cycle, the two newly replicated sister chromatids stay in close contact for 10 to 20 min before segregating to separate cell halves thanks to the action of Topoisomerase IV. This step is called sister chromatid cohesion. We have used this molecular biology tool to study sister chromatid cohesion upon a genotoxic stress induced by mitomycin C (MMC). We have shown that sister chromatid cohesion is maintained and prolonged when the cell is facing a DSB. Moreover, this sister chromatid cohesion is dependent on RecN, an SOS induced structural maintenance of chromosome-like (SMC-like) protein. In the absence of RecN, the proximity between both sister chromatids is lost and this has a deleterious effect on cell viability. By tagging the chromosome with fluorescent proteins, we have revealed that RecN can also mediated a progressive regression of two previously segregated sister chromatids and this is coordinated with a whole nucleoid compaction. Further studies showed that this genome compaction is orderly and is not the result of a random compaction in response to DNA damage.Interestingly, inhibiting TopoIV in a recN mutant fully restores viability and sister chromatid cohesion suggesting that RecN’s action is mainly structural. Preserving cohesion through precatenanes is sufficient to favor repair and cell viability even in the absence of RecN.An RNA-seq experiment in a WT strain and a recN mutant revealed that the whole SOS response is downregulated in a recN mutant. This suggests that RecN may have an effect on the induction of the SOS response and thus RecA filament formation. This is in good agreement with the change in RecA-mcherry foci formation we observed. In the WT strain, the RecA-mcherry foci are defined as described in previous work. However, in the recN, the RecA-mcherry foci seemed to form bundle like structures. These RecA bundles were previsously described by Lesterlin et al. in the particular case of a DSB occurring on a chromatid that has already been segregated from its homolog. This could mean that in the absence of recN, the sister chromatids segregate and RecA forms bundle like structures in order to perform a search for the intact homologous sister chromatid.Altogether, these results reveal that RecN is an essential protein for sister chromatid cohesion upon a genotoxic stress. RecN favors sister chromatid cohesion by preventing their segregation. Through a whole nucleoid rearrangement, RecN mediates sister chromatid regression, favoring DNA repair and cell viability
43
Vickridge, Elise. "Management of E. coli sister chromatid cohesion in response to genotoxic stress". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS172.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
La réplication fidèle de l’ADN au cours du cycle cellulaire est essentielle au maintien de l’intégrité du génome à travers les générations. Toutefois, de nombreux éléments peuvent perturber et compromettre la réplication et donc cette intégrité. La mitomycine C (MMC) est une molécule génotoxique utilisée en chimiothérapie. Elle forme des liaisons covalentes entre les deux brins d’ADN, ce qui est un obstacle à la bonne réplication de l’ADN. La rencontre de la fourche de réplication avec une liaison covalente entre les deux brins d’ADN va aboutir à une cassure double brin. Escherichia coli (E.coli) est un modèle d’étude très étendu car facile d’utilisation, permettant d’aborder des notions complexes. E coli possède divers mécanismes pour réparer ces lésions dont le régulon SOS. Le régulon SOS est un ensemble de gènes sous contrôle d’un promoteur réprimé par la protéine LexA. En réponse à des dommages à l’ADN, LexA est dégradé et les gènes du régulon sont activés.En utilisant une technique de biologie moléculaire qui permet de quantifier l’interaction entre deux chromatides sœurs restées cohésives derrière la fourche de réplication (étape appelée cohésion des chromatides sœurs), nous avons montré qu’en réponse à des cassures double brin générées par la MMC, la cohésion entre les chromatides sœurs nouvellement répliquées est maintenue. Ce phénomène est dépendant de RecN, une protéine induite de façon précoce dans le régulon SOS. RecN est une protéine de type SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes), un groupe de protéines impliqué dans la dynamique et la structure du chromosome. En parallèle, des techniques de microscopie confocale et de marquage du chromosome par des protéines fluorescentes ont permis de montrer que la protéine RecN est impliquée dans une condensation globale du nucléoide suite à un traitement par la MMC. Cette condensation du nucléoide s’accompagne d’un rapprochement des chromatides sœurs ségrégées. Ces deux phénomènes, médiés par RecN pourraient permettre une stabilisation globale des nucléoides et favoriser l’appariement des chromatides sœurs pour permettre la recombinaison homologue.De façon intéressante, l’inhibition de Topoisomérases de type II (Topoisomerase IV et Gyrase) permettent de restaurer le phénotype d’un mutant recN en viabilité et en cohésion des chromatides sœurs. Les Topoisomérases sont des protéines qui prennent en charge les liens topologiques générés par la réplication et la transcription). Les liens topologiques non éliminés par les Topoisomerases permettraient de garder les chromatides sœurs cohésives et favoriser la réparation, même en l’absence de RecN.De plus, une expérience de RNA seq (séquençage de tout le transcriptome de la bactérie) a révélé que dans un mutant recN, le régulon SOS est moins induit que dans les cellules sauvages. Ceci va de pair avec une déstructuration des foci de réparation RecA. Il est possible que le rapprochement des chromatides sœurs médié par RecN permettrait de stabiliser le filament RecA et donc l’induction du SOS.L’ensemble de ces résultats suggère que RecN, une protéine de type SMC, permet de maintenir la cohésion entre les chromatides sœurs nouvellement répliquées, favorisant la réparation de cassures double brins par recombinaison homologueMaintaining genome integrity through replication is an essential process for the cell cycle. However, many factors can compromise this replication and thus the genome integrity. Mitomycin C is a genotoxic agent that creates a covalent link between the two DNA strands. When the replication fork encounters the DNA crosslink, it breaks and creates a DNA double strand break (DSB). Escherichia coli (E.coli) is a widely used model for studying complex DNA mechanisms. When facing a DNA DSB, E. coli activates the SOS response pathway. The SOS response comprises over 50 genes that are under the control of a LexA-repressed promoter. Upon a DSB induction, RecA, a central protein of the SOS response will trigger the degradation of LexA and all the SOS genes will be expressed.We have developed a novel molecular biology tool that reveals contacts between sister chromatids that are cohesive. It has been shown in the lab (Lesterlin et al. 2012) that during a regular cell cycle, the two newly replicated sister chromatids stay in close contact for 10 to 20 min before segregating to separate cell halves thanks to the action of Topoisomerase IV. This step is called sister chromatid cohesion. We have used this molecular biology tool to study sister chromatid cohesion upon a genotoxic stress induced by mitomycin C (MMC). We have shown that sister chromatid cohesion is maintained and prolonged when the cell is facing a DSB. Moreover, this sister chromatid cohesion is dependent on RecN, an SOS induced structural maintenance of chromosome-like (SMC-like) protein. In the absence of RecN, the proximity between both sister chromatids is lost and this has a deleterious effect on cell viability. By tagging the chromosome with fluorescent proteins, we have revealed that RecN can also mediated a progressive regression of two previously segregated sister chromatids and this is coordinated with a whole nucleoid compaction. Further studies showed that this genome compaction is orderly and is not the result of a random compaction in response to DNA damage.Interestingly, inhibiting TopoIV in a recN mutant fully restores viability and sister chromatid cohesion suggesting that RecN’s action is mainly structural. Preserving cohesion through precatenanes is sufficient to favor repair and cell viability even in the absence of RecN.An RNA-seq experiment in a WT strain and a recN mutant revealed that the whole SOS response is downregulated in a recN mutant. This suggests that RecN may have an effect on the induction of the SOS response and thus RecA filament formation. This is in good agreement with the change in RecA-mcherry foci formation we observed. In the WT strain, the RecA-mcherry foci are defined as described in previous work. However, in the recN, the RecA-mcherry foci seemed to form bundle like structures. These RecA bundles were previsously described by Lesterlin et al. in the particular case of a DSB occurring on a chromatid that has already been segregated from its homolog. This could mean that in the absence of recN, the sister chromatids segregate and RecA forms bundle like structures in order to perform a search for the intact homologous sister chromatid.Altogether, these results reveal that RecN is an essential protein for sister chromatid cohesion upon a genotoxic stress. RecN favors sister chromatid cohesion by preventing their segregation. Through a whole nucleoid rearrangement, RecN mediates sister chromatid regression, favoring DNA repair and cell viability
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Conin, Brenna. "Genomic contacts reveal the control of sister chromosome decatenation in E. coli". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS376.
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La Topo IV est responsable de la résolution des caténanes formés lors de la réplication du chromosome et joue un rôle essentiel dans la ségrégation des chromosomes. Des études antérieures ont montrées que, les altérations de Topo IV (parEts mutant), entraînent une interaction prolongée entre les chromatides sœurs, entraînant une mauvaise ségrégation et une perte de viabilité. En utilisant la capture de conformation chromosomique (Hi-C) et de microscopie à fluorescence, nous avons montré que l'altération de Topo IV affecte l'organisation de l'ensemble du chromosome. Le phénotype le plus frappant est l'émergence de deux signaux spécifiques à 1,35 Mb et 1,75 Mb. Ces loci peuvent entrer en contact avec n'importe quel locus de la partie proximale de l’origine de réplication du chromosome (cela se manifeste par des motifs caractéristiques sur les cartes de Hi-C, que nous avons appelé « ailes de papillon »). De plus, les cellules mutantes ont montré une perte de contacts dans le macrodomaine Ter, par rapport aux cellules sauvages, suggérant un changement dans l'organisation de celui-ci. Nous avons également observé une augmentation générale des contacts à courte distance le long du génome. Ces observations suggèrent qu'en l'absence de Topo IV, il y a une accumulation de precatenanes dans tout le chromosome, permettant aux loci sur différentes chromatides d'interagir (contact inter-chromosomique). Cette hypothèse est étayée par l'étude de l'interaction entre la Topo IV et la Topo III, qui a montré que la Topo III agit sur les précaténanes à une très courte distance de la fourche de réplication et ne peut pas « atteindre » les précaténanes responsables des ailes de papillon. Nous avons, également montré que la position des ailes de papillon dépend de matS et MatP. Il est intéressant de noter, que le Hi-C du double mutant matP parEts ne présente pas les signaux caractéristiques du simple mutant parEts à la frontière du ter, mais révèle plutôt que le domaine Ter lui-même est capable d’interagir avec des loci distants du chromosome. Ceci suggère que les précaténanes n'ont pas pu passer le site dif probablement à cause du complexe MatP-matS. De plus, des expériences NorFlIP précédentes ont montrés deux sites de liaison à la Topo IV à 1,2 Mb et 1,8 Mb qui ne sont pas clivés et qui s’alignent avec le centre des ailes de papillon. Nous avons ainsi émis l'hypothèse que le complexe matS-MatP et les sites Topo IV définissent un centre de décaténation. Les précaténanes non résolues seraient « attirées » vers ce centre, pour être décaténées avant la division cellulaire. Dans cette hypothèse, la liaison entre le Ter et le divisome (« Ter linkage ») joue un rôle essentiel dans le centre de décaténation car elle empêche les précaténanes de passer par dif. L'absence de Topo IV fonctionnelle va donc perturber le centre de décaténation, se traduisant par une accumulation de précaténanes en bordure du signal du centre estropié et des ailes de papillon sur une matrice Hi-C. Au regard de cette hypothèse, nous avons étudié le rôle de MukB capable de condenser l'ADN, éventuellement par extrusion en boucle, et montré que MukB définit la longueur et la densité des ailes du papillonTopoisomerase IV, is responsible for the untangling of catenanes that are formed during the replication of the chromosome and has been shown to play an essential role in nucleoid segregation. Previous studies have shown that alterations in Topo IV result in a prolonged interaction between sister chromosomes leading to poor chromosome segregation and a loss in cell viability. Using chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) and fluorescence microscopy, we have shown that the alteration of Topo IV affects the organisation of the entire chromosome. The most striking phenotype is the emergence of two distinct signals at 1.35Mb and 1.75Mb where loci in these regions are able to contact any loci of the origin-proximal part of the chromosome (butterfly wings). Furthermore, when compared to WT cells, the mutant cells showed a loss of contacts within the terminus domain, suggesting a change in the organisation of the ter domain. We also observed a general increase of short-range contacts along the diagonal. This phenotype was only observed in E. coli cells with a circular chromosome that was undergoing replication. Those observations suggest that in the absence of Topo IV, there is an accumulation of precatenanes throughout the chromosome, allowing loci on different siter chromosomes to interact (inter-chromosomal contacts). This hypothesis was further supported when we studied the interplay between Topo IV and Topo III, which showed that Topo III acts on precatenanes at a very short distances from the replication fork and cannot “reach” precatenanes responsible for the butterfly wing signals. We further showed that the butterfly wing positions are dependent on both matS and MatP. Interestingly, Hi-C of the matP parEts double mutant does not display the characteristic signals of the single parEts mutant at the border of the ter, but instead reveals that the ter domain itself is able to contact distant loci of the chromosome. This suggests that the precatenanes were unable to go passed the dif site probably because of the MatP-matS complex. In addition, previous NorFlIP experiments have showen that Topo IV is able to bind but not cleave at two sites positioned at 1.2Mb and 1.8Mb, which align with the centre of the butterfly wings. We thereby hypothesised that the matS-MatP complex and these Topo IV sites define a decatenation hub. Unresolved precatenanes would be “pulled” toward this hub, to be decatenated prior to cell division. In this hypothesis, the Ter linkage plays an essential role in the decatenation hub as it prevents precatenanes from passing through dif. The absence of a functional Topo IV will therefore disturb the decatenation hub, resulting in accumulation of precatenanes at the border of the crippled hub and this is turn would be represented as the butterfly wing signals seen on a Hi-C matrix. In regard to this hypothesis, we investigated the role of MukB that is able to condense the DNA, possibly by loop extrusion, and show that MukB defines the length and density of the butterfly wings
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Goldman, Beryl D. "Adult-sister relationships the effect of childhood sibling experiences in the context of the family realm /". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.88 Mb., 173 p, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit?3220800.
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Taylor, Priscilla Wilson. "The sister factor, the role of women in the emerging Assembly of God". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online. Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2004. http://www.tren.com.
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Bourbeau, Denis 1971. "Characterization of S1eEF1A-2 function, a sister gene of elongation factor 1A-1". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36876.
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Protein translation in mammalian cells can be divided into three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, which require several factors. The peptide elongation factor 1A (eEF1A-1), which was formerly referred to as eEF-1alpha, is a guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding protein and it is responsible for bringing aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosomes in the process of protein synthesis. The S1/eEF1A-2 factor also referred to as S1, is an isoform of eEF1A-1. Both proteins are expressed from two distinct genes and share 92% identity in their amino acid sequences. Besides the tissue specific expression S1/eEF1A-2, little is known about the functions of the S1/cEF1A-2 isoform. The objective of this thesis is Thus to investigate the function of the newly discovered peptide elongation factor A-2. The fact that the eEF1A-1 and Sl/eEF1A-2 isoforms' expressions are inversely controlled during development, led me to hypothesise that S1/eEF1A-2 down-regulates eEF1A-1 expression. The goal of the present work was to establish whether S1/eEF1A-2 is responsible for the down-regulation of eEF1A-1 during development in brain, heart and muscle, and how its expression influences cell biology. To address this hypothesis, several cell lines were transduced with an adenovirus expressing S1/eEF1A-2. Ectopic expression of S1/eEF1A-2 in the cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2 led to a down-regulation of eEF1A-1. Similar findings were observed in neuron-differentiated P19 cells, Hela cells, and WI38 cells. Furthermore, S1/eEF1A-2 expression led to a reduced rate of peptide elongation as demonstrated by ribosomal transit time analyses. My data suggest that S1/eEF1A-2 may compete with eEF1A-1 in peptide elongation, leading to a reduced elongation rate, which could be responsible for the relative down-regulation of eEF1A-1. This would imply that terminally differentiated cells, which express high levels of S1/eEF1A-2 (neurones, myocytes, and cardiomyocytes), have a distinct kinetic of peptide elonga
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Gillatt, Lucy Aimee Elizabeth. "Having a brother or sister with autism : children's experiences of the sibling relationship". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/7538.
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The literature review synthesises the literature examining the impact of having a sibling with autism on siblings unaffected by autism. Four electronic databases and two journals were scrutinised in a systematic literature search for studies focusing on the effects of having a sibling with autism. Studies published between 1979 and 2007 were elicited for inclusion. The literature suggests that having a sibling with autism is not necessarily a harmful experience. The review indicates that the impact a child with autism has on their typically developing sibling can have positive and negative aspects, which are likely to change over time and are mediated by various factors. The experience of the sibling relationship when one child has autism has yet to be fully explored from the perspective of the siblings without autism themselves. Early quantitative research examining the impact of having a sibling with autism indicated various negative effects. Qualitative studies have begun to explore the factors determining the positive and negative effects of having such a sibling, from child sibling perspectives. In this study child sibling's perceptions and experiences of the quality of the sibling relationship with their brother or sister with autism were explored using semi-structured interviews and a grounded theory methodology. Fifteen siblings without autism aged between six and thirteen with a sibling with autism aged between four and fourteen were interviewed. A theoretical account and process model of children's perceptions and experiences of their relationship with their sibling with autism were generated. The analysis indicated that for children who have a brother or sister with autism, a deep need for a relationship with their sibling is apparent. The analysis is discussed in terms of supplementing previous research findings and going some way to explaining the processes behind positive adaptation and negative adaptation to having a sibling with autism. Clinical implications are discussed and suggestions for further research are made. The critical appraisal offers an examination of the research process and the research journey as an enlightening learning experience.
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Lee, Janice Ying 1974. "Localization studies of sister-chromatid cohesion proteins MEI-S332 and RAD21 in Drosophila". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32256.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2004.Includes bibliographical references.
In cell division, the proper segregation of chromosomes requires sister-chromatid cohesion. This physical attachment between sister chromatids is established during DNA replication, maintained throughout mitosis and released at the metaphase-anaphase transition. In meiosis, sister-chromatid cohesion is released along the chromosome arms in the first meiotic division, but retained at the centromere until the second meiotic division. In this thesis, we have analyzed the localization of two cohesion proteins in Drosophila, MEI-S332 and RAD21. MEI-S332 localizes specifically to the centromere from prometaphase to the metaphase-anaphase transition in mitosis, and from prometaphase I to the metaphase II-anaphase II transition in meiosis. We find that the termini of MEI-S332 are required for its localization to chromosomes; these are also the regions that have homology to MEI-S332-like proteins in other organisms. The localization of MEI-S332 does not require the presence of cohesin, an evolutionarily conserved protein complex that is essential for the establishment and maintenance of cohesion, nor a replicated sister chromatid. However, MEI-S332 delocalization is dependent upon the activity of the separase pathway that regulates cohesin release. We have identified and characterized a key subunit of cohesin in Drosophila, DRAD21, and studied its localization in early stages of meiosis in spermatocytes.
(cont.) DRAD21 is nuclear in prophase I, but is not visibly localized on chromosomes in later stages. Although DRAD21 is concentrated in centromeric regions after prometaphase in mitosis, MEI- S332 and DRAD21 do not physically interact in a complex in whole embryo extracts. Immunostaining of spread metaphase chromosomes for MEI-S332 and DRAD21 reveals that the two proteins are not localized to the same domains.
by Janice Ying Lee.
Ph.D.
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Challita, Jihane. "Study of the mechanisms reponsible for the cohesion of sister chromosomes in bacteria". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASL038.
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La maintenance de l'information génétique est essentielle pendant la prolifération cellulaire. Chez les bactéries, la réplication et la ségrégation sont concomitantes. La réplication débute à l'origine de réplication bidirectionnelle du chromosome bactérien. Deux bras de réplications sont ensuite définis, et la réplication se termine dans la région diamétralement opposée à l'origine, le terminus. Alors que la réplication progresse, les chromatides sœurs nouvellement répliquées migrent vers des côtés opposés de la cellule. Cependant, des observations par microscopie suggèrent qu'il existe un délai entre la réplication et la ségrégation qui varie le long du chromosome. Ce délai entre la réplication et ségrégation des chromatides sœurs est appelé cohésion des chromatides sœurs. Pendant ma thèse, j'ai utilisé l'outil de haute-résolution qui permet une analyse de la cohésion du génome entier (High-SC2) pour étudier le profil de cohésion de l'organisme modèle Vibrio cholerae. Il a été démontré chez E. coli que la cohésion responsable de la variation de la vitesse de ségrégation est modulée par Topoisomérase IV, une enzyme de décaténation majeure. L'un des partenaires identifiés de cette décaténase est le complexe SMC, MukBEF. Les cellules portant une délétion de mukB montrent une production de cellules anucléées, ainsi qu'une origine de réplication mal positionnée. La ségrégation des chromosomes est affectée, et la cohésion des chromatides sœurs est augmentée. L'interaction Topo IV-MukBEF est régulée par MatP qui chasserait MukBEF du terminus de réplication, facilitant ainsi l'association de MukBEF à l'origine de réplication. J'ai donc décidé d'étudier le rôle de MukB dans la formation des motifs de cohésion chez V. cholerae. Grâce à des approches génétiques couplées à l'outil High-SC2, j'ai pu démontrer que la délétion de mukB mène à une augmentation de la cohésion sur le Chr1, plus précisément sur le bras gauche, assez loin de l'origine. Mes résultats suggèrent que MukB n'agit pas préférentiellement sur des régions spécifiques, mais que ces effets différents sur les deux chromosomes de cet organisme sont dus aux différences dans leurs origines de réplication et/ou leurs systèmes de partition. De précédentes observations dans notre laboratoire ont montré qu'une double délétion de MukB et ParAB1 cause un phénotype sévère, plus important que les délétions individuelles, j'ai donc étudié les conséquences de cette double délétion sur le profil de cohésion. Mes résultats montrent une augmentation additionnelle de la cohésion dans le Chr1 près de l'origine, suggérant ainsi que le système de partition agit sur la décohésion sur le domaine de l'origine pendant que MukB agit sur le reste du chromosome. Il a été également montré que MatP retardait la ségrégation des chromatides soeurs du terminus de réplication du Chr1. J'ai utilisé le même outil qui m'a permis d'étudier le rôle de MatP dans la cohésion de cette région. J'ai pu montrer que MatP était responsable de cette cohésion uniquement au moment de la division cellulaire et non pas pendant la réplication contrairement à MukB. Mes résultats montrent également que la densité des matS présents dans le domaine ter de chaque chromosome qui influent sur la cohésion de ce même domaineDuring cell proliferation, the maintenance of genetic information is essential. In bacteria, replication and segregation are concomitant. Replication starts at the single, bidirectional origin of replication of bacterial chromosomes. Two replication arms are then defined, and replication ends in a region diametrically opposite to the origin, the terminus. As replication progresses, the newly replicated sister chromosomes migrate to opposite cell compartments. However, microscopic observations suggest that there is a delay between replication and segregation, and that this delay varies along the length of chromosomes. The delay between replication and segregation of the sister copies of a genomic position is referred to as sister chromatid cohesion. During my PhD, I used the high-resolution tool that allows for a genome-wide analysis of Sister Chromatid Cohesion (High-SC2) and studied the cohesion profile of the model organism Vibrio cholerae. It has been shown in E. coli that the cohesion responsible for the variation of segregation speed is modulated by Topoisomerase IV, a major decatenating enzyme. One of the identified partners of this decatenase is an SMC complex, MukBEF. Cells carrying a mukB deletion show a production of anucleate cells, and a mispositioned origin of replication. Chromosome segregation is impaired, and therefore sister chromatid cohesion is increased overall. The Topo IV-MukBEF interaction is regulated by MatP, which seems to displace MukBEF from the terminus of replication, facilitating the association of the MukBEF complex with the origin of replication. I therefore decided to investigate the role of MukB, in the formation of the long-range patterns of cohesion in V. cholerae. Using genetic approaches coupled with the High-SC2 assay, I demonstrated that the deletion of mukB leads to an increase in cohesion on Chr1, especially on its left replication arm, far from the origin. These results suggested that MukB does not preferentially act on specific regions and that the differential effect of the mukB deletion on Chr1 and Chr2 is probably linked to differences in their origin of replication and/or partition systems. Previous observations in the lab have in fact shown that a double deletion of MukB and ParAB1 leads to a strong phenotype, thus I investigated its effect on the cohesion profile. My results show an additional increase of cohesion in Chr1 near the ori, suggesting that the partitioning system acts on the decohesion of the ori domain while MukB acts on the chromosomal arms. In addition, it has been shown that MatP kept the sister-copies of the ter domain of Chr1 together until cell division. I used the Hi-SC2 assay to study its role in the increased cohesion of this region. I showed that MatP was responsible for the cohesion of the ter1 domain at cell division not behind the replication fork, unlike MukB. My results have also shown that it is the density of the matS sites located on the ter domain of each chromosome that influence the level of cohesion of these domains