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1
Gültekin, Emrah, Dursun Karaduman i Ines Weiser. "Describing differences and similarities". Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6594/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
1. Theoretical background
2. Impressions
3. Teaching group (differences and similarities)
4. Questionnaire
5. Use of similarities and differences
6. The way of teaching similarities and differences
7. Understanding of differences and similarities
8. Problems
9. Methods and strategies
10. Conclusion
2
Malchova, Lenka, Zdenko Majer i Pieter Laban. "Describing differences (and recognising similarities)". Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6600/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
1. A general look at describing differences and recognising similarities
2. Teaching strategies used describing differences and recognising similarities
3. Teaching practice
4. Student teachers’ evaluations
5. Conclusion
3
Chen, Beichen. "Stylometric Embeddings for Book Similarities". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-303125.
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Stylometry is the field of research aimed at defining features for quantifying writing style, and the most studied question in stylometry has been authorship attribution, where given a set of texts with known authorship, we are asked to determine the author of a new unseen document. In this study a number of lexical and syntactic stylometric feature sets were extracted for two datasets, a smaller one containing 27 books from 25 authors, and a larger one containing 11,063 books from 316 authors. Neural networks were used to transform the features into embeddings after which the nearest neighbor method was used to attribute texts to their closest neighbor. The smaller dataset achieved an accuracy of 91.25% using frequencies of 50 most common functional words, dependency relations, and Part-of-speech (POS) tags as features, and the larger dataset achieved 69.18% accuracy using a similar feature set with 100 most common functional words. In addition to performing author attribution, a user test showed the potentials of the model in generating author similarities and hence being useful in an applied setting for recommending books to readers based on author style.Stilometri eller stilistisk statistik är ett forskningsområde som arbetar med att definiera särdrag för att kvantitativt studera stilistisk variation hos författare. Stilometri har mest fokuserat på författarbestämning, där uppgiften är att avgöra vem som skrivit en viss text där författaren är okänd, givet tidigare texter med kända författare. I denna stude valdes ett antal lexikala och syntaktiska stilistiska särdrag vilka användes för att bestämma författare. Experimentella resultat redovisas för två samlingar litterära verk: en mindre med 27 böcker skrivna av 25 författare och en större med 11 063 böcker skrivna av 316 författare. Neurala nätverk användes för att koda de valda särdragen som vektorer varefter de närmaste grannarna för de okända texterna i vektorrummet användes för att bestämma författarna. För den mindre samlingen uppnåddes en träffsäkerhet på 91,25% genom att använda de 50 vanligaste funktionsorden, syntaktiska dependensrelationer och ordklassinformation. För den större samlingen uppnåddes en träffsäkerhet på 69,18% med liknande särdrag. Ett användartest visar att modellen utöver att bestämma författare har potential att representera likhet mellan författares stil. Detta skulle kunna tillämpas för att rekommendera böcker till läsare baserat på stil.
4
Mequanint, Eyasu Zemene <1984>. "Multiobjective Games and Multiple Similarities". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3376.
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5
Straaten, Steve van. "Timing similarities among accreting neutron stars". [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/92823.
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6
Howarth, Peter Dennis. "Discovering images : features, similarities and subspaces". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445906.
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Franks, Matthew. "Similarities between eating disorders and obesity". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9888.
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This thesis examines the evidence base for psychological interventions for the treatment and prevention of eating disorders and obesity. The research process has three strands. Self-Contained Literature Review This paper considers the literature base for the treatment and prevention of eating disorders through critical appraisal of studies which employed a randomised controlled trial design. The results suggest that the psychopathology of eating disorders is complex and that presentations across diagnoses are variable. The review argues that treatment decisions should not be based on diagnosis alone but on the underlying psychological features of clients who present for treatment through initial screening. Research Report The second strand examines the hypothesis that some of the theories underlying eating disorders may also apply to individuals seeking treatment for obesity by comparing a sample of treatment-seeking obese adults to a sample with eating disorders, and to other group norms. Treatment seeking obese adults in this study were similar to eating disordered populations on measures of external shame, weight concern and shape concern, factors which are believed to be associated with an increased risk of developing an eating disorder. It is suggested that obese clients presenting for weight loss intervention should be screened for levels of shame and eating disordered thoughts and behaviours prior to embarking upon treatment. It is further suggested that for those individuals displaying high levels of shame and eating disordered beliefs/ behaviours, interventions targeting reduction of these constructs by increasing levels of self-compassion may enable some obese clients to lose weight whilst improving psychological wellbeing. It is hypothesised that in contrast to dieting, this may lead to more sustained weight loss and avenues for further investigation of these ideas are considered. Critical Appraisal The research process is considered and learning points discussed in this reflective piece.
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Glassford, Maureen Patricia. "Gender similarities and differences in managing conflicts". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq64768.pdf.
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Svanberg, Hakim. "Quine and Wittgenstein : Similarities and Common Misconceptions". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Filosofiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-377156.
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Quine and late Wittgenstein have often found themselves being compared for similarities and dissimilarities, we can attribute the allure of this subject to both philosophers being similar advocates of holism and epistemological relativity despite taking on different subject matters. Pieranna Garavaso attempted an inquiry of this type, where she compares Quine’s view on holism, relying mainly on “Two Dogmas of Empiricism”, with Wittgenstein’s On Certainty. Garavaso shows in her essay that there is a high level of correspondence between On Certainty and “Two Dogmas of Empiricism” but ultimately concludes that despite any actual agreement between Quine and Wittgenstein, their views end up ultimately incompatible. I will argue that this is wrong; Quine’s conception of holism, and Wittgenstein’s conception of holism found in On Certainty are compatible, and even complementary. I will begin my text by giving a short presentation of Quine’s “Two Dogmas of Empiricism”. I will then raise the similarities, and dissimilarities between the two texts before giving my final argument against the supposed conflict between them.
10
Silva, Renato Rodrigues Oliveira da. "Visualizing multidimensional data similarities: improvements and applications". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-15022017-162359/.
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Multidimensional datasetsare increasingly more prominent and important in data science and many application domains. Such datasets typically consist of a large set of observations, or data points, each which is described by several measurements, or dimensions. During the design of techniques and tools to process such datasets, a key component is to gather insights into their structure and patterns, a goal which is targeted by multidimensional visualization methods. Structures and patterns of high-dimensional data can be described, at a core level, by the notion of similarity of observations. Hence, to visualize such patterns, we need effective and efficient ways to depict similarity relations between a large number of observations, each having a potentially large number of dimensions. Within the realm of multidimensional visualization methods, two classes of techniques exist projections and similarity trees which effectively capture similarity patterns and also scale well to the number of observations and dimensions of the data. However, while such techniques show similarity patterns, understanding and interpreting these patterns in terms of the original data dimensions is still hard. This thesis addresses the development of visual explanatory techniques for the easy interpretation of similarity patterns present in multidimensional projections and similarity trees, by several contributions. First, we proposemethodsthat make the computation of similarity treesefficient for large datasets, and also allow their visual explanation on a multiscale, or several levels of detail. We also propose ways to construct simplified representations of similarity trees, thereby extending their visual scalability even further. Secondly, we propose methods for the visual explanation of multidimensional projections in terms of automatically detected groups of related observations which are also automatically annotated in terms of their similarity in the high-dimensional data space. We show next how these explanatory mechanismscan be adapted to handle both static and time-dependent multidimensional datasets. Our proposed techniques are designed to be easy to use, work nearly automatically, handle any typesof quantitativemultidimensional datasets and multidimensional projection techniques, and are demonstrated on a variety of real-world large datasets obtained from image collections, text archives, scientific measurements, and software engineeering.Conjuntos de dados multidimensionais são cada vez mais proeminentes e importantes em data science e muitos domínios de aplicação. Esses conjuntos de dados são tipicamente constituídos de um grande número de observações, ou objetos, cada qual descrito por várias medidas, ou dimensões. Durante o projeto de técnicas e ferramentas para processar tais dados, um dos focos principais é prover meios para análise e levantamento de hipóteses a partir das principais estruturas e padrões. Esse objetivo é perseguido por métodos de visualização multidimensional. Estruturas e padrões em dados multidimensionais podem ser descritos, em linhas gerais, pela noção de similaridade das observações. Portanto, para visualizar esses padrões, precisamos de meios efetivos e eficientes para retratar relações de similaridade dentre um grande número de observações, que potencialmente possuem um grande número de dimensões cada. No contexto dos métodos de visualização multidimensional, existem duas categorias de técnicas projeções e árvores de similaridade que efetivamente capturam padrões de similaridade e oferecem boa escalabilidade, tanto para o número de observações e quanto de dimensões. No entanto, embora essas técnicas exibam padrões de similaridade, o entendimento e interpretação desses padrões, em termos das dimensões originais dos dados, ainda é difícil. O trabalho desenvolvido nessa tese visa o desenvolvimento de técnicas explicativas para a fácil interpretação de padrões de similaridade presentes em projeções multidimensionais e árvores de similaridade. Primeiro, propomos métodos que possibilitam a computação eficiente de árvores de similaridade para grandes conjuntos de dados, e também a sua explicação visual em multiescala, ou seja, em vários níveis de detalhe. Também propomos modos de construir representações simplificadas de árvores de similaridade, e desse modo estender ainda mais a sua escalabilidade visual. Segundo, propomos métodos para explicar visualmente projeções multidimensionais em termos de grupos de observações relacionadas, detectadas e anotadas automaticamente para explicitar aspectos de sua similaridade no espaço de alta dimensionalidade. Mostramos em seguida como esses mecanismos explicativos podem ser adaptados para lidar com dados de natureza estática e dependentes no tempo. Nossas técnicas sã construídas visando fácil utilização, funcionamento semi automático, aplicação em quaisquer tipos de dados multidimensionais quantitativos e quaisquer técnicas de projeção multidimensional. Demonstramos a sua utilização em uma variedade de conjuntos de dados reais, obtidos a partir de coleções de imagens, arquivos textuais, medições científicas e de engenharia de software.
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Duffee, Boyd. "Quantifying textual similarities across scientific research communities". Thesis, Keele University, 2018. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/5174/.
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There are well-established approaches of text mining collections of documents and for understanding the network of citations between academic papers. Few studies have examined the textual content of the papers that constitute a citation network. A document corpus was obtained from the arXiv repository, selected from papers relating to the subject of Dark Matter and a citation network was created from the data held by NASA’s Astrophysics Data System on those papers, their citations and references. I use the Louvain community-finding algorithm on the Dark Matter network to identify groups of papers with a higher density of citations and compare the textual similarity between papers in the Dark Matter corpus using the Vector Space Model of document representation and the cosine similarity function. It was found that pairs of papers within a citation community have a higher similarity than they do with papers in other citation communities. This implies that content is associated with structure in scientific citation networks, which opens avenues for research on network communities for finding ground-truth using advanced Text Mining techniques, such as Topic Modelling. It was found that using the titles of papers in a citation network community was a good method for identifying the community. The power law exponent of the degree distribution was found to be, = 2.3, lower than results reported for other citation networks. The selection of papers based on a single subject, rather than based on a journal or category, is suggested as the reason for this lower value. It was also found that the degree pair correlation of the citation network classifies it as a disassortative network with a cut-off value at degree kc = 30.The textual similarity of documents decreases linearly with age over a 15 year timespan.
12
Mohammed, Ismail Syed Ali. "Secondary education in Europe: differences and similarities". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/15939.
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Harber, Jeffery G. "Generations in the Workplace: Similarities and Differences". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1255.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Occurrences of four generations working side by side are not unusual. The four generations include Traditionalist, Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y. Members of each generation have views and opinions about their work ethic and their definition of loyalty to the organization.
Hiring managers will need to know characteristics of each generation. This knowledge will enable the hiring managers to place the applicant in certain positions within their organizations. By matching applicants with the correct work positions, employees are able to use their skills and abilities to be productive and to establish measurable goals for themselves and their departments. Productive work enables the employees to work individually and as a team member. The research has shown that each generation has its own strengths and weakness. Members of the older generations show characteristics that accommodate customer service and loyalty to an organization. Members of the younger generations have the technical knowledge and the ability to train others in order to use this technology to the benefit of the organization.
14
Natik, Amine. "Consistency of the Spectral Seriation Algorithm". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39681.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Given n arbitrary objects x1, x2, . . . , xn and a similarity matrix P = (pi,j )
1≤i,j≤n
, where pi,j
measures the similarity between xi and xj
. If the objects can be ordered along a linear chain
so that the similarity decreases as the distance increase within this chain, then the goal of
the seriation problem is to recover this ordering π given only the similarity matrix. When
the data matrix P is completely accurate, the true relative order can be recovered from the
spectral seriation algorithm [1]. In most applications, the matrix P is noisy, but the basic
spectral seriation algorithm is still very popular. In this thesis, we study the consistency
of this algorithm for a wide variety of statistical models, showing both consistency and
bounds on the convergence rates. More specifically, we consider a model matrix P satisfying
certain assumptions, and construct a noisy matrix Pb where the input (i, j) is a coin flip
with probability pi,j . We show that the output πˆ of the spectral seriation algorithm for the
random matrix is very close to the true ordering π.
15
Lipfert, Susanne W. "Kinematic and dynamic similarities between walking and running". Hamburg Kovač, 2010. http://d-nb.info/100174232X/04.
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Aminudin, Norsiah. "Attitudes towards employee involvement : gender differences and similarities". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2007. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21667.
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Employee involvement (EI) has been the focus of considerable research on the management of people in organizations, particularly on whether EI results in improved employee attitudes and behaviours, and in turn company performance. Although EI trends have continued to interest academics and practitioners and are well documented in literature, the literature is relatively silent on studying EI schemes in relation to gender. This thesis intends to reconcile this gap by examining differences between the attitudes of men and women towards EI programmes. A second feature of this research is its focus on a non-western context. This is important both in examining the issue of gender in attitudes towards EI, and expanding the cross-cultural validity of mainly western-oriented research in the broader area of employee participation. Given the above issues and the limited empirical evidence in the context of non-western cultures, the current study sought to explore the attitudes towards EI in a Malaysian context. Quality Circles (QC) and Employee Share Ownership Schemes (ESOS) were the focus of the current study of EI. The general aim was to understand the relationship between EI and employees' organizational commitment and the effects of gender, degree of participation, and management support within a Malaysian context. Both quantitative and qualitative research approaches were used in a mixed methods study. In the first stage,a survey questionnaire gathered data on employee attitudes from 217 respondents in three Malaysian public utility companies. This data was used to test a series of hypotheses regarding the relationships between attitudes to the EI programmes and organizational commitment, as well as the effects of gender, participation in programmes, and supervisory support. A second qualitative stage used semi structured interviews with management and focus groups with employees to explore further the gender dimension and identify both differences and similarities in the treatment of women at work and their experiences with EI. The research found that there were no significant differences in the attitudes of men and women towards EI schemes; nor were there any gender differences in wider work related attitudes including organizational commitment, job satisfaction and attitudes towards management. Men, however, were still more negative in their general attitudes about women and work. The qualitative phase suggested that Malaysian organizations need a more democratic culture and better support from superiors in order to make EI schemes successful. It was also found that the practices of Malaysian organizations mirrored the issues of stereotyping and lack of opportunities available to women as compared to those of men, which are found in western literature. Overall, the findings of the study served to enrich the EI literature, particularly with respect to the treatment of women, and offered valuable guidelines for non-western organizations seeking to improve the implementation of EI schemes.
17
Coles, L. Susanne. "The acetanilide crystal structures : packing and conformational similarities". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/193145/.
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The dependence of crystal structure assembly on molecular changes has been studied for mono-substituted acylanilides. A library of 255 crystal structures has been investigated. 217 structures were determined during this project and 38 originated from the CSD. A subset of 64 mono-substituted acetanilides was studied in detail for crystal structure similarities using the XPac algorithm and conformational preferences were assessed. Chapter 4 presents the crystal structures and their structural similarities, whilst Chapter 5 focuses on the theoretical conformational analysis. Three amide-amide hydrogen bond geometries and a molecular stack were frequently observed in the acetanilides. The assembly of these one-dimensional packing features governs in particular the crystal structures of the para substituted acetanilides. The amide-amide hydrogen bonded chains were very persistent in all the acylanilides. The amide substituent had a larger effect on the chain geometry than the phenyl substituent. In the crystal the molecular structures deviate from the expected planar conformation. Rotation about the amide to phenyl bond of up to 55 degrees in ortho-tertbutyl acetanilide is observed. Para-substituents affect the rotational barriers; whilst such correlation was not discernible for meta-substituents. Ortho substitution frequently produces intramolecular hydrogen bonding outweighing any other substituent effects. Although the experimental conformations deviate from the planar geometry they are still within the minimum energy well and energy penalties are small. These can be easily compensated for by intermolecular interactions in the crystal
18
Schipper, Danny, i Lasse Gerrits. "Differences and similarities in European railway disruptionmanagement practices". Elsevier, 2018. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72188.
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Disruptions severely undermine the reliability of railway systems. Consequently, a lot of investments are made to improve disruption management. Much has already been written about disruption management, often with the purpose of supporting operators in their decision making. However, to the best of our knowledge, this literature doesn't consider the structural differences of disruption management in different countries. An overview of the various ways in which disruptions are solved and conditions under which that happens could help rail infrastructure managers and train operating companies to reconsider the ways in which they operate. This paper takes stock of the similarities and differences in how disruptions are managed in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. Of importance is not only how these systems work on paper, but above all what happens in practice, i.e. the habits and routines that operators have developed for solving disruptions.
19
Sandqvist, Alexander. "Correlations and similarities between Loot Boxes and Gambling". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DVMT), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44210.
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Loot boxes are items in video games that contain a randomized reward. Some of them can be purchased with real-world money. In recent years loot boxes have become very common in almost all of the top games. Because of its similarities to gambling there have been thoughts on branding loot boxes as a form of gambling. Some countries have already taken this matter into their own hands and banned certain loot boxes.But there are different loot boxes with different features. This study looks at what aspects of purchasing loot boxes correlate to form of gambling. By researching the top 10 games on steam and their loot boxes combined with a literature study. In conclusion it was found that the main features of Loot Boxes that correlate to a form of gambling are features that try to mirror or copy features from Electronic Game Machines or different casino games.
20
Tsitsulin, Anton [Verfasser]. "Similarities and Representations of Graph Structures / Anton Tsitsulin". Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238687229/34.
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Dwyer, Theodore James. "An Assessment of Paired Similarities and Card Sorting". [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000158.
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Dangleis, Karilyn. "Implementing the teaching strategy: "Identifying Similarities and Differences"". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2548.
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In order to enhance academic achievement it is necessary to implement a teaching strategy which provides students with tools needed to improve classroom performance. This study will produce data showing whether the implementation of "Indentifying Similarities and Differences" is an effective teaching strategy.
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Cozzi, P. A. "PROTEIN SURFACE SIMILARITIES EVALUATION FOR FUNCTIONAL ANNOTATION STUDIES". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/150064.
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One of the main targets of bioinformatics is to assign functions to proteins whose function is unknown relying on homologies identifications with proteins with known functions. Several approaches are currently available: the best choice depends on the evolutionary distance that separates the protein of interest from its homologous. Recently attention has been focused on molecular surfaces since they do not depend on the three-dimensional structure and allow similarities to be identified which other methods can’t identify. Furthermore, molecular surfaces are the interface of interaction between molecules, and their geometrical and physical descriptions will lead to the comprehension of the molecular recognition process, since the geometrical component has a fundamental role in the early stage of complex formation. This particular aspect would have a major impact in the field of drug design and in the understanding of the side effects due to interactions between proteins.
During this thesis a protocol for similarities identification on molecular surfaces has been developed and optimized. In this process, molecular surfaces are calculated according to Lee Richard’s model, and then are represented through triangular meshes. Successively surfaces are transformed into a set of object oriented images using a computer vision approach. This type of representation has the advantage of being independent from the position of the objects represented, and thus similar surfaces can be described by similar images. The search for similarities is then performed by indentifying correspondences between pairs of similar images, by filtering matches relying on geometrical criteria and then by clustering correspondences in high similarity groups. These groups are then used to align surfaces in order to evaluate results both by visual inspection and through appropriate indexes. This process can be applied in the field of functional annotation, through the identification of similarities between surfaces of homologous proteins, and in study of interaction between proteins, through the identification of complementary areas between interacting proteins.
The whole process of similarities detection depends on the configuration of 15 parameters that balance the time needed to perform calculation with the quality of results found. The problem of parameters estimation has been addressed using an implementation of genetic algorithm, which allowed representing different configuration parameters as a population in which individuals that are able to align surfaces satisfactory are rewarded with an high fitness score. The effectiveness of the algorithm was then improved by the introduction of neighbor heuristic which reduced the computational time required for correspondence clustering on surfaces.
Particular interest was placed in results displaying and in the construction of indices that can quantify the quality of results. Regarding the visualization problem, a display system was implemented based on the Visualization ToolKit libraries in order to represent surfaces aligned as objects in three-dimensional space, enabling the user to interact with the scene represented by changing the point of view or enlarging details of the scene represented.
Regarding the definition of useful indexes for results evaluation, two indexes had a fundamental role. The first one, called overlap index, measures the percentage of vertices of two surfaces that are closer than 1 A° after the alignment. This index in particular is useful for evaluating the surface similarity since similar aligned surfaces will have a large number of vertices closer than this distance. The second index, called RMSD, is important because it evaluates the Root Mean Square Deviation of alpha carbons of two aligned proteins in the case of a complementary search. This index allows evaluating how the aligned protein is distant from the correct position in the crystal complex. Concerning results evaluation, we have noticed that the consideration of electrostatic potential allows assigning good scores in case of strong geometrical similarity in context of functional annotations, thus facilitating the identification of homologous surfaces.
This method has been validated both in the search of similarities and in the search of complementarities. Regarding the search of similarities, we tried to analyze a sample of 13 known proteins with a prosite domain in order to identify the presence of such domains on molecular surfaces. For doing this, we first reduced the number of structures present in the Protein Data Bank to a group of representative structures. Then we calculated the molecular surfaces for each representative protein and we created a dataset of patches corresponding to the prosite functional domain. The test was then performed trying to align the surface of the 13 known proteins to the patches dataset of functional domains. The results showed that in most cases we are able to properly align a functional domain to a protein surface with the same functional domain, and that these evidence was easily identifiable both by the parameters used for results evaluations, both by visually inspecting the results of the alignments.
The method was then tested for complementary research, trying to reconstruct the protein-protein complex present in a well known dataset used to validate docking methods. In the case of searching for similarities it is important to describe surfaces in details in order to increase the accuracy, but high precision when searching for complementarity is counterproductive, since the interaction between proteins is not only determined by geometrical features but also involves the formation of favorable electrostatic interactions and rearrangements of side chains. Thus molecular surfaces were calculated using smoothed surfaces, where most details are lost but allowing to detect more easily interacting surfaces. Results showed that the algorithm is able to align complexes with comparable scores than the programs currently available; Considering this experimental design and that the method does not take into account the electrostatic potential, we can assume that the results obtained are particularly interesting since the proposed method provides a wider set of conformations than other algorithms, upon which we can extend the analysis in order to identify a better prediction.
In conclusions the proposed system is able to identify similarities on molecular surfaces through the analysis of images of local description. The results show that the system implemented is effective in identifying similar surface areas in the context of functional annotation. In regards to the search for complementarities, the algorithm seems to have an interesting perspective, even though the best complex proposed is not always biologically correct. From this point of view, we have to do more analysis in order to improve the methods in protein interaction studies.
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Krifka, Manfred. "Functional similarities between bimanual coordination and topic/comment structure". Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1941/.
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Human manual action exhibits a differential use of a non-dominant (typically, left) and a dominant (typically, right) hand. Human communication exhibits a pervasive structuring of utterances into topic and comment. I will point out striking similarities between the coordination of hands in bimanual actions, and the structuring of utterances in topics and comments. I will also show how principles of bimanual coordination influence the expression of topic/comment structure in sign languages and in gestures accompanying spoken language, and
suggest that bimanual coordination might have been a preadaptation of the development of information structure in human communication.
25
Patanapanich, Sutisa. "Num and contemporary urban waterfronts : design similarities and differences /". Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARCHLM/09archlms9668.pdf.
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Shaverdi, Amber Mishala. "Female and male student leadership characteristics : differences & similarities /". View online, 2008. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131423545.pdf.
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Haupt, Joachim. "Protein Binding Site Similarities as Driver for Drug Repositioning". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-144517.
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Drug repositioning applies existing drugs to new disease indications. A prerequisite for drug repurposing is drug promiscuity - a drug's ability to bind to several targets, possibly leading to side effects on the other hand. One reason for drug promiscuity is binding site similarity between (otherwise unrelated) proteins. In this thesis, a new algorithm for remote binding site similarity assessment and its application to the whole of the Protein Data Bank (PDB) is presented, forming the base for off-target identification and drug repositioning.
The present thesis contributes to a long-standing debate on the reasons for drug promiscuity, being one of the pioneer studies investigating these from a protein structural point of view. Except for a small influence of flexibility, the analysis of all promiscuous drugs in the PDB revealed that drug properties are of minor importance. However, a strong correlation between promiscuity and binding site similarity of protein targets is found (r = 0.81), suggesting binding site similarity as the main reason for drug promiscuity. For 71 % of the promiscuous drugs at least one pair of their targets' binding sites is similar and for 18 % all are similar. In order to overcome issues in detection of remotely similar binding sites, a score for binding site similarity is developed: LigandRMSD measures the similarity of the aligned ligands and uncovers remote local similarities in proteins. It can be applied to arbitrary binding site alignments and also works on distinct ligands on a structural proteome scale.
To answer the question on which other targets might be hit when targeting a particular protein, an all-to-all binding site alignment of 32,202 protein structures is analyzed. Of the hundreds of million possible protein pairs, 0.27 % were found to have similar binding sites. Extrapolating to the human proteome, for one human protein are 54 proteins with a similar binding site expected on average. Clearly, this is in contrast to the one drug-one target paradigm in drug development. Based on these data, disadvantageous off-targets can be uncovered and drug-repositioning candidates inferred. The enormous potential is demonstrated with the example of Viagra, proposing it for repositioning to Alzheimer's disease and prostate cancer.
The findings in this thesis question the established single-target dogma in drug discovery. Drugs are triggered to modulate multiple targets simultaneously by the widespread binding site similarity. With the presented pipeline, drug targets can be reliably predicted: Starting from a target protein, additional targets are predicted based on binding site similarity and prioritized according to the resulting ligand structural overlap. Identifying drug targets helps to understand severe side effects and opens the door for drug repositioning.
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King, Bernardine. "Similarities between acquired dyslexia, developmental dyslexia and early reading". Thesis, Open University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427486.
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Riemschoß, Katrin [Verfasser]. "Similarities of stress granules and cytosolic prions / Katrin Riemschoß". Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1206246170/34.
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Nicolae, Maria-Irina. "Learning similarities for linear classification : theoretical foundations and algorithms". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES062/document.
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La notion de métrique joue un rôle clef dans les problèmes d’apprentissage automatique tels que la classification, le clustering et le ranking. L’apprentissage à partir de données de métriques adaptées à une tâche spécifique a suscité un intérêt croissant ces dernières années. Ce domaine vise généralement à trouver les meilleurs paramètres pour une métrique donnée sous certaines contraintes imposées par les données. La métrique apprise est utilisée dans un algorithme d’apprentissage automatique dans le but d’améliorer sa performance. La plupart des méthodes d’apprentissage de métriques optimisent les paramètres d’une distance de Mahalanobis pour des vecteurs de features. Les méthodes actuelles de l’état de l’art arrivent à traiter des jeux de données de tailles significatives. En revanche, le sujet plus complexe des séries temporelles multivariées n’a reçu qu’une attention limitée, malgré l’omniprésence de ce type de données dans les applications réelles. Une importante partie de la recherche sur les séries temporelles est basée sur la dynamic time warping (DTW), qui détermine l’alignement optimal entre deux séries temporelles. L’état actuel de l’apprentissage de métriques souffre de certaines limitations. La plus importante est probablement le manque de garanties théoriques concernant la métrique apprise et sa performance pour la classification. La théorie des fonctions de similarité (ℰ , ϓ, T)-bonnes a été l’un des premiers résultats liant les propriétés d’une similarité à celles du classifieur qui l’utilise. Une deuxième limitation vient du fait que la plupart des méthodes imposent des propriétés de distance, qui sont coûteuses en terme de calcul et souvent non justifiées. Dans cette thèse, nous abordons les limitations précédentes à travers deux contributions principales. La première est un nouveau cadre général pour l’apprentissage conjoint d’une fonction de similarité et d’un classifieur linéaire. Cette formulation est inspirée de la théorie de similarités (ℰ , ϓ, τ) -bonnes, fournissant un lien entre la similarité et le classifieur linéaire. Elle est convexe pour une large gamme de fonctions de similarité et de régulariseurs. Nous dérivons deux bornes de généralisation équivalentes à travers les cadres de robustesse algorithmique et de convergence uniforme basée sur la complexité de Rademacher, prouvant les propriétés théoriques de notre formulation. Notre deuxième contribution est une méthode d’apprentissage de similarités basée sur DTW pour la classification de séries temporelles multivariées. Le problème est convexe et utilise la théorie des fonctions (ℰ , ϓ, T)-bonnes liant la performance de la métrique à celle du classifieur linéaire associé. A l’aide de la stabilité uniforme, nous prouvons la consistance de la similarité apprise conduisant à la dérivation d’une borne de généralisationThe notion of metric plays a key role in machine learning problems, such as classification, clustering and ranking. Learning metrics from training data in order to make them adapted to the task at hand has attracted a growing interest in the past years. This research field, known as metric learning, usually aims at finding the best parameters for a given metric under some constraints from the data. The learned metric is used in a machine learning algorithm in hopes of improving performance. Most of the metric learning algorithms focus on learning the parameters of Mahalanobis distances for feature vectors. Current state of the art methods scale well for datasets of significant size. On the other hand, the more complex topic of multivariate time series has received only limited attention, despite the omnipresence of this type of data in applications. An important part of the research on time series is based on the dynamic time warping (DTW) computing the optimal alignment between two time series. The current state of metric learning suffers from some significant limitations which we aim to address in this thesis. The most important one is probably the lack of theoretical guarantees for the learned metric and its performance for classification.The theory of (ℰ , ϓ, τ)-good similarity functions has been one of the first results relating the properties of a similarity to its classification performance. A second limitation in metric learning comes from the fact that most methods work with metrics that enforce distance properties, which are computationally expensive and often not justified. In this thesis, we address these limitations through two main contributions. The first one is a novel general framework for jointly learning a similarity function and a linear classifier. This formulation is inspired from the (ℰ , ϓ, τ)-good theory, providing a link between the similarity and the linear classifier. It is also convex for a broad range of similarity functions and regularizers. We derive two equivalent generalization bounds through the frameworks of algorithmic robustness and uniform convergence using the Rademacher complexity, proving the good theoretical properties of our framework. Our second contribution is a method for learning similarity functions based on DTW for multivariate time series classification. The formulation is convex and makes use of the(ℰ , ϓ, τ)-good framework for relating the performance of the metric to that of its associated linear classifier. Using uniform stability arguments, we prove the consistency of the learned similarity leading to the derivation of a generalization bound
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Bushman, Kimberly K. "Bingeing Tendencies: Cross-Generational Similarities Between Mothers and Daughters". DigitalCommons@USU, 1993. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6009.
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This study was an investigation of the relationship between 146 mothers' and daughters' (sixth and seventh grade) eating and dieting behaviors. Subjects completed the Bulimia Test-Revised (BUILT-R), Revised Dietary Scales (Restraint Scale), and Food Avoidance Conflict Inventory. The inventories completed by the daughters were slightly modified for better comprehension. The present researcher created an additional subscale (Critical Binge subscale) from the BUILT-R as a means of assessing actual bingeing behavior.
A significant correlation was found between mothers' and daughters' scores on the BUILT-R, including the Total and Binge Control subscale. There failed to be a significant relationship between mothers' and daughters' scores on the Critical Binge subscale, Restrain Scale, or Food Avoidance Conflict Inventory. Ind addition, scores on the Restrain Scale and the Food Avoidance Conflict Inventory failed to be significantly correlated.
Three daughters met cut-off criteria for possible bulimia. None of the three acknowledged self-induced vomiting or laxative abuse. All three daughters reported intense displeasure with their weight, body shape, and eating behavior to the point that they felt that together food controls their thoughts and behaviors.
Eighteen daughters met cut-off scores for the High Restrain (DHR). As a group, these daughters had mothers with substantially higher mean scores on the Binge control (BUILT-R), Critical Binge (BUILT-R), and Total BUILT-R than Low Restrain Daughters (DLR). The DHR group also had markedly higher mean scores on the total BUILT-R, Binge Control, Critical Binge, and Radical Weight Loss subscales of the BUILT-R than the DLR group.
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Amarasinghe, Arachchilage Madhushika Madara Erangani Karunarathra. "A framework for identification of similarities between multiple algorithms". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/82784/1/Madhushika%20Madara%20Erangani%20Karunarathra_Amarasinghe%20Arachchilage_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis in software engineering presents a novel automated framework to identify similar operations utilized by multiple algorithms for solving related computing problems. It provides a new effective solution to perform multi-application based algorithm analysis, employing fundamentally light-weight static analysis techniques compared to the state-of-art approaches. Significant performance improvements are achieved across the objective algorithms through enhancing the efficiency of the identified similar operations, targeting discrete application domains.
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Gaggetta, Giovanni <1959>. "Teaching Nomenclature in LS Intercultural Contexts: Similarities and Differences". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/4701.
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The object of this contribution is the analysis of teaching nomenclature in an LS context; specifically, business micro-language courses aimed at foreign learners with a medium-high level of education.
A theoretical part of this analysis, having the goal of setting references to the nomenclature and teaching such, is followed by a classification of the specific context in which it is employed; finally, there is an operational part that expresses a proposal for research designed to measure the satisfaction of the participants in the business micro-language course.
In the educational context of the LS approach, based on acquisition units mainly focused on the pragmatic aspects of knowing how to deal with the microlanguage, both visual language and media aids have been useful. It has been deemed necessary to facilitate analysis and reflection on the formal characteristics of micro-linguistic language as well as mathetic reflection: indeed, the study of the micro-language focuses intensively on the cognitive dimension.
The results of the context highlight the central role of the learner in micro-linguistic acquisition, as the definitive influence of their socio-linguistic, cognitive, and cultural background affects progress towards the target micro-language chosen; thus, the role of the intercultural dimension in teaching practice is important because the communicative micro-linguistic event is an intercultural meeting in which, besides the definition / mediation content shared, there is a potential degree of invention, creativity and variation in both semantic and linguistic terms.
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Gramigna, Edoardo. "Radio Occultation experiments of Venus and Mars: similarities and differences". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20477/.
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In the last decades Venus has not been explored as in the early days of interplanetary missions, yet today the interest has increased and different space agencies are preparing proposals for future missions. Venus provides a laboratory next door to our planet to study how rocky planets can form and evolve differently from Earth, even when they start out very similar. Our neighboring planet is the perfect example of what happens in a runaway greenhouse effect, and the state of its atmosphere is interesting in its own right, as it is directly linked to the story of water on the planet and ultimately to the big question of whether life could have arisen beyond Earth. The main purpose of this thesis is the study of the atmosphere of Venus through the radio occultation experiments performed by the Venus Express Mission (VEX), sent by the European Space Agency in 2005. In the frame of this investigation comparisons between the Venus atmosphere and Mars atmosphere are shown, in order to highlight the similarities and differences between the two planets. The conclusions derived from this work can potentially improve our knowledge and highlight new scientific results about the Venus atmosphere.
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Barazeghi, Roya, Alexander Hagring i Fredrik Klint. "Strategy Perception : A Qualitative Study of Perception Differences and Similarities". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, ESOL (Entrepreneurship, Strategy, Organization, Leadership), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-16120.
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Strategy is an important part of any business. To become successful, a company must put a lot of effort into creating a strong and feasible strategy. To eliminate problems to follow the strategy it should be clear and jointly formulated. However, a problem could still be that the strategy is perceived and understood differently by managers and em-ployees within the company. This could implicate issues because these persons are ex-pected to follow the strategy and adopt their plans according to it. In this study we in-vestigate how the perceptions of a strategy differ among employees within an organisa-tion. This study is made with Yoigo, which is a Spanish telecommunication company that recently finished the creation of a new strategy.In this research, a qualitative method was used to collect primary data. Highly standard-ized and open interviews were conducted in Madrid at the Yoigo headquarter. In addi-tion, observations were used as primary data in order to better answer our research ques-tions and to fulfil our purpose.Our results indicate that there are significant differences and similarities in employees’ perception of the strategy. This study also concludes that a company’s internal envi-ronment could affect employees’ strategy awareness. We tested the perception of strat-egy through four different perspectives. The first three are customers, competitors and corporation; these perspectives are pointed out as key factors to a successful strategy (Ohmae, 1982). The fourth perspective was to investigate how perceptions differed in terms of the strategy formation process. Our major findings are that employees’ percep-tions regarding competitors and the strategy process are highly coherent while the op-posite is found about customers and corporation.
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Yan, Xiaoqian. "Cultural similarities and differences in facial identity and expression processing". Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14333/.
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A range of research has shown an advantage for the perception of faces from same-race compared to other-races – the other race effect (ORE). Nevertheless, previous studies have focused on the ability to recognize facial identity. This thesis focuses on how information from the face that conveys expression is processed in own-race and other-race faces. First, the cross-cultural processing of facial expressions of basic emotions in Western Caucasian and Chinese observers was investigated. Perceptual judgments of facial expressions were quite similar between cultural groups, but facial expressions from own-race faces were categorized more accurately than expressions from other-race faces. This is explained by differences in the recognition of lower region of the face. Facial expressions were processed in a holistic way, but there was no difference in the engagement of holistic processing of own-race compared to other-race faces. Reliable own-group advantages were found in facial identity and expression processing with a free card-sorting task. However, there was also a large amount of cross-cultural consistency in response patterns. Two core face-selective regions, the FFA and the OFA, were sensitive to changes in facial identities and expressions, but there was no difference in the magnitude of response to own- and other-race faces. To summarize, this PhD thesis explored the cross-cultural processing of facial expression. Evidence showed significant differences in the perception of own-race and other-race faces, but these effects were generally small. The widely agreed opinion that the other-race effect is large is overstated.
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Hillier, Fleur Jane School of Public Health & community medicine Centre for Clinical Governance Research in Health UNSW. "Managing creative and health production processes : issues, similarities and differences". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and community medicine. Centre for Clinical Governance Research in Health, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22281.
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In this thesis I am concerned to examine the management behaviours and predilections of managers across the two settings of health and theatre considered to be divergent. To do this I explore and map methods, similarities and differences managers employ to ???manage??? workers across the industries. I also deconstruct creativity and its manifestations in both managerial behaviours and environmental contexts and map the complexity issues that managers face in different settings. Further, I explore the extent to which management activity is contextual to the identity of participant organisational aims and processes and examine the level of calculated chaos experienced by managers across the settings. Central to this approach is the utilisation of multi-method design incorporating interview, micro-ethnography, auto-ethnography and a RAND expert panel to assist with interpretation of the results. Core findings include high degrees of similarity in the roles and functions and support systems utilised by managers across the settings despite substantial differences in environmental contexts and organisational aims and processes. Differences were identified in the areas of: levels of chaos, interactions, purposes, and environmental characteristics. To account for these differences I apprehended seven metafactors grounded in the data sets. These seven metafactors can be found in each setting but emerge in different ways. The metafactors that I apprehend are order versus disorder; creativity; experimentation and change; risk; reflection; trust and respect; and time and pressure. While I discuss these seven metafactors as separate factors in reality they are fundamentally inter-related. Suggestions for future research are included.
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Graham, Clare N. "What are the similarities in mental distress and spiritual crisis?" Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496697.
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The aim of the research is to identify what similarities there may be in the experience of mental distress and spiritual crisis. There are three main strands to the exploration. To examine the experiences of mental distress and spiritual crisis. To identify the support/interventions provided. To see what the outcomes of the support/interventions are. The recruitment for participants was at a national and intemational level.
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Harvey, Paul. "Stuckism, punk attitude and fine art practice : parallels and similarities". Thesis, Northumbria University, 2012. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/8431/.
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My doctoral project, researched between 2006 And 2011, asks if the rapidly expanding art movement known as Stuckism has an approach that can be related to Punk ‘attitude’ in the late 1970s. Theorists of youth-based subcultures have extensively explored the notion of generational attitude (Hebdige 1979, Sabin, 1999) and the ambition of this PhD has been, from the start, to describe the development of Stuckism in terms associated with the rise of Punk within my own generation. As an active member of the original Stuckist group I have had to engage with the same sense of iconoclastic hostility that played such an important role during my time as a Punk musician from 1977 to the present. Thus the research I discuss in this thesis has been shaped by a set of aims and objectives that, firstly, address the similarities and parallels between two distinct historical moments and, secondly, embrace the fact that I am undertaking my research from within the subject group as it coheres into a viable force in the international arts scene. The parallel between Punk and Stuckism may not be immediately obvious for historians or critics. Both are separated in time as distinct episodes in our current cultural story (Bech Poulson, 2005; Evans, 2000) and both are associated with different art forms that address contrasting socio-cultural audiences. Whilst Punk operated, first and foremost, in the context of popular music, Stuckism is a creature of the visual arts, a response to dominant trends amongst gallery and museum directors rather than an appeal to radicalized, media-oriented youth. However, I am not able to examine this contrast from a retrospective point of view and so have built my methodological approach on the hope that the ‘narrative turn’ in contemporary social studies and cultural anthropology (Marcus & Fischer, 1984) offers me a persuasive mechanism for capturing the ongoing development of my practice as a painter with Stuckist and Punk affiliations. As my creative activities have contributed to the idea of Stuckism I have explored how the narratives of identity I associate with Punk attitude have helped form the identity of the group. Here my initial model was research on the narrative construction of identity in professional or social domains described by Czarniawska (2004). However, as I accumulated and published accounts of Stuckism using my growing archive of interviews with other artists in the group (Lynn, 2006) I began to use methodological procedures suggested by Ochs & Capps (2001) to develop a system of interpretation that drew out, I felt, many commonalities with the Punk movement. As a result, my thesis both describes and debates the relevance of Stuckist practice within contemporary art. At the time of writing, the movement, although prominent within media circles, is barely represented in terms of serious and considered debate, whereas Punk is, in many ways, over represented. My ultimate ambition has been to address this situation.
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Abaris, Nedas, i Firass Sjönoce. "Investors and valuers: Similarities and differences from a behavioural perspective". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146892.
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This thesis is an explorative analysis of the commercial real estate actors. The behavioral theory has revealed many flaws in the neo classical assumptions. This includes models of rationality and prescribed behaviors. Research suggests both appraisers and investor act in ways that can be seen as irrational. Appraisers amongst other things anchor to figures that are not part of the valuation theory and investor invest on bases that are not fundamentally sound. Both also exhibit biases, such as confirmation bias and loss aversion. If valuation does not reflect the way market participants behave then they fail to give us a correct market value. We use interviews to try and understand how appraisers try to reflect the market and to understand how investors and other market actors value properties by comparing their use of the DCF-method. Our results suggest that there are many technical differences between how methods are used by different actors and that appraisers have a too close connection with the market actors.
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NenadicÌ, Goran. "Mining for terms and their similarities from domain-specific literature". Thesis, University of Salford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402044.
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Björck, Erik. "Finding Similarities Between Hierarchically Related Thema Subject Categories Using Embeddings". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281342.
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In this thesis, embeddings have been used to find similarities between hierarchically related Thema Subject Categories (Thema codes), which are short alphanumeric sequences commonly used to categorize books. More specifically, the graph embedding approach known as DeepWalk was applied to three different models to learn similarities between Thema codes. The data consisted of pairs of Thema codes gathered from user preferences of books in the Swedish online book application Storytel. By constructing graphs from Thema codes and their pairwise occurrences, high dimensional similarities between Thema codes could be learned. To evaluate the models, three different offline evaluation methods, and one online evaluation method was used. In the online evaluation, it was shown through one week of A/B testing that click-through rate increased in two recommendation lists in the Storytel application when the embeddings were used for Thema code similarities between books. The results show that DeepWalk is suitable to use when learning the embeddings of Thema codes for the task of recommendation. Valuable future research could thus include investigating other embedding approaches of Thema codes.Den här rapporten undersökte möjligheten att använda inbäddningar för att hitta likheter mellan hierarkiskt strukturerade temakoder, som är korta sekvenser av bokstäver och siffror som används för att kategorisera böcker. Mer specifikt så användes en graf-inbäddning som kallas DeepWalk på tre olika modeller för att hitta dessa likheter. Dataseten som användes för att träna modellerna bestod av par av temakoder som var insamlade från användarpreferenser av böcker i den svenska ljudboksapplikationen Storytel. Genom att konstruera grafer utifrån temakoderna och deras parvisa förekomster kunde DeepWalk lära sig likheter mellan temakoderna i ett högt antal dimensioner. För att evaluera modellerna användes tre olika offlinemetoder, samt A/B-testning live i applikationen. A/B-testningen kördes en vecka och visade att antalet klick i två av Storytels rekommendationslistor ökade när inbäddningarna av temakoderna användes för att hitta likheter mellan temakoderna i böckerna. Resultaten visade att det är möjligt att använda inbäddningar för att hitta likheter mellan temakoder. Det vore därför värdefullt att i framtiden undersöka om andra inbäddningar av temakoder skulle ge ännu bättre resultat.
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Peires, Juliette. "The holocaust and apartheid: similarities and differences: a comparative study". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6743.
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Bibliography: leaves 170-173.In recent years it has become fairly commonplace to make comparisons between the Holocaust and Apartheid. This dissertation explores similarities and differences. It acknowledges that both systems were rooted in ideas of race, but while the tools used by the Nazis in Germany and the apartheid government in South Africa are superficially similar, their very different objectives brought about radically different outcomes once their policies were enforced. The dissertation opens with a discussion of the methods used by each of the different systems to define the victim races, and justify their inferior status. In Germany the reasons given were the desire to preserve the pure Aryan volk and protect the volkisch culture. In South Africa the stated premise was that each 'ethnic' group would best realise its full potential if it was encouraged to preserve its integrity and promote its own culture. In both countries separation was followed by deprivation of citizenship. Under German rule Jews were rendered stateless and expelled as far as possible from the Reich. In South Africa 'blacks' were made citizens of 'ethnic homelands'. Unlike the German Jews, South African 'blacks' had at least some kind of nominal right to equality in their designated 'homelands'. Freedom of movement was restricted and residential segregation enforced in both countries. Jews, previously prominent in the cultural, academic and economic life of Germany, were impoverished and dehumanized. 'Blacks' in South Africa were locked into their role of unskilled, manual labourers, a position that they had occupied since the beginning of 'white' settlement in the Cape. Initially Jews were confined to ghettos, eventually to labour and death camps. In South Africa people of colour were forcibly removed to rural 'homelands'. However the demand for cheap labour eventually necessitated their admission to the urban industrial areas, and although they were restricted to living in 'townships' their exclusion was never total and their physical destruction was never contemplated. In both countries government controlled local authorities kept tight rein on the administration of the residential areas that were demarcated for the disadvantaged. In Nazi Germany the SS appointed Judenrate (Jewish Councils) to administer the ghettos. These councils were used to secure the peaceful acquiescence of Jews en route to the death camps. Eventually the councillors were killed together with the people they were supposed to govern. In South Africa town councils were established for local government in the townships, but these councils were unsuccessful because they were government controlled and illegitimate. Their purpose was to administer the separate development areas, not to pave the way for eventual extermination of their inhabitants. In neither Germany nor South Africa did churches play an active role in preventing discrimination and injustice. In Germany this was simply a continuation of the traditional attitude of anti-Judaism nurtured by the refusal of Jews to convert to Christianity. In South Africa missionaries worked hard to convert 'blacks' to Christianity, but Dutch Reformed Church ministers believed that it was God's will that 'black' and 'white' should be kept separate, church services were strictly segregated, and this was in keeping with the apartheid ideal. With regard to the media, both Nazi Germany and the apartheid regime backed those sectors of the media that promoted negative images of Jews and 'blacks', while censoring those that were more liberally inclined. The fundamental differences between the Holocaust and apartheid became most apparent in their terminal stages. Whereas Nazism led to genocide, the leitmotif of apartheid was cheap labour, not planned extermination. The Nazis created death camps and designed advanced technology especially for the purpose of speeding up mass murder and body disposal. Apartheid killings in South Africa were carried out by traditional means on an individual basis and not by large-scale extermination techniques. The killings in South Africa were directed only at opponents of the regime and not for the purpose of exterminating a specific ethnic group. This dissertation presents two case studies of racist ideology which promoted discrimination and the elevation of a 'superior' race at the expense of the disadvantaged. In Germany this resulted in a programme of genocide whereas the apartheid system in South Africa, though intended to service the material interests of the ruling group, nevertheless proved dysfunctional and sowed the seeds of its own demise.
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Frey, Jeffrey Daniel. "Finding Song Melody Similarities Using a DNA String Matching Algorithm". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1208961242.
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Almahmoud, Shaima. "Attributions in Chronic Illnesses and Affective Disorders: Similarities and Differences". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1627059771872029.
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Choi, Jiho. "Dissecting Molecular Similarities and Differences Between Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines". Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467203.
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Traditionally, pluripotent stem cells are derived from preimplantation embryos and fetal germ cells, which give rise to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and embryonic germ cells (EGCs), respectively, In contrast, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are derived from somatic cells upon overexpression of defined transcription factors such as Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. Despite their origin from different cell types, all of these pluripotent stem cell lines share the ability to self-renew indefinitely in culture while retaining the capacity to differentiate into derivatives of all three germ layers. Because pluripotent cells provide a useful tool in basic research and cell therapy, it is critical to understand the molecular similarities and differences between ESCs, EGCs and iPSCs.
The studies presented in this thesis aim to address the equivalence of different pluripotent cell types. In the first study, we performed a systematic comparison of DNA methylation and gene expression patterns between isogenic mouse ESCs and EGCs. Surprisingly, we found that global DNA methylation patterns were indistinguishable between ESC and EGC lines of the same sex, while female cell lines exhibited global hypomethylation compared to male cell lines. Mechanistically, upregulation of the X-linked gene, dual specificity phosphatase 9 (Dusp9) in female cells attenuated MAP kinase signaling, resulting in global DNA hypomethylation via the reduction of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b protein levels. In the second study, we compared isogenic, transgene-free hESC and hiPSC lines to determine whether molecular differences exist between hiPSC and hESC lines when controlling for genetic background and reprogramming methodology. Strikingly, transcriptional variation between different genetic backgrounds was greater than variation observed between cell types (i.e., hiPSCs compared to hESCs). Moreover, the few transcriptional differences observed between isogenic hESC and hiPSC lines had no apparent functional consequences and these genes were not identified during the comparison of a larger set of independently derived non-isogenic hESC/hiPSC lines. We conclude that hESCs and hiPSCs are highly similar on a transcriptional and functional level and cannot be distinguished by a defined gene expression signature.
Together, our data demonstrated that sex rather than cell type of origin drives global epigenetic and transcriptional patterns in conventional mouse pluripotent cell lines. These results provide fundamental insights into the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that govern pluripotency. Additionally, our comparison of isogenic hiPSCs and hESCs supports the view that cellular reprogramming technologies faithfully reset the transcriptional pattern of somatic cells and establish a pluripotent state that is molecularly and functionally equivalent to embryo-derived stem cells. These findings may provide the basis for future mechanistic studies and help to translate iPSC technologies into a therapeutic setting.Medical Sciences
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Muller, W. J., i Martin Herrer Villet. "Similarities and differences between rivers of the Kruger National Park". Water Research Commission, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009527.
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[From Introduction] Aquatic ecosystems play an important role in the maintenance of ecological diversity and ecosystem functioning at both local and regional scales (Roux et al, 1999). Effective management of riverine ecosystems requires an understanding of their ecosystem processes, hi order to understand ecosystem processes, and interactions between the landscape and riverine ecosystems, it is necessary to have both spatial and temporal data at both landscape and site-specific scales (Allan and Johnson, 1997). There are many tools available for the analysis of these data to provide insight and understanding of the data in order to understand influences on aquatic ecosystems. Increasingly complex computational tools allow analysis and modeling of data in order to explain river, and subsequent biological, processes from landscape (catchment) processes (Johnson and Gage, 1997), although the scale at which analysis and interpretation occurs is important. Science and management need to interact in order to truly succeed in effectively applying adaptive management and incorporate monitoring and assessment programmes in management processes (Rogers and Biggs, 1999). However, water resource management is often undertaken in the context of incomplete information and knowledge of functioning ecosystem processess and responses: this inevitably leads to uncertainty and unpredictability (Roux et al. 1999). One of the major challenges for managing rivers is to be able to monitor rivers effectively in order to detect changes as they occur, to identify the causes of the changes and to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic causes of change. Adaptive management is required to effectively manage rivers, but this does require that there is an understanding of, and information for, the rivers being managed. Rogers and Biggs (1999) highlighted the need to integrate monitoring programmes with indicators in order to undertake assessments of ecosystem health as part of the management plan of the rivers of the Kruger National Park in order to maintain, and restore, natural river ecosystem health and biodiversity (Rogers and Bestbier, 1997). One of the main aims of the Kruger National Park Rivers Research Programme (KNPRRP) was to contribute to the conservation of the natural environment by developing skills and methods to understand the ecological functioning of the natural environment and to predict responses of the river systems to natural and anthropogenic changes in order to effectively manage them (Breen, 1994, in van Rensburg and Dent, 1997). Classification systems are able to provide useful management information, but many have focussed on abiotic rather than biotic factors because resultant biotic patterns are likely to be correlated with abiotic components (Solomon et al., 1999). Much of the classification of the Kruger National Park has focussed on classification of land with little regard for rivers (these were incorporated into the two classification systems proposed by Venter and Gertenbach (in Solomon et al., 1999)). The objective of this project is to identify similarities and differences between the five major rivers of the Kruger National Park, towards the design and testing of a classification framework in order to aid management of the KNP rivers by contributing to effective monitoring. This will be achieved through the following: 1. collate available (current and historical) information concerning physical and biological variables for the Luvuvhu, Letaba, Olifants, Sabie and Crocodile Rivers, using a common dataset to establish the degree of similarities and differences between these five major rivers of the KNP; and 2. determine how different the rivers are, in order to optimize monitoring and management programmes for these differences. The aim of this project was not to classify the rivers of the KNP. The project rather aims to identify gaps in data availability which may result in inadequate and inappropriate management of the rivers. Results (in the form of a data matrix) emanating from this study could assist in establishing expected natural conditions and biota in the five major rivers of the KNP, and knowledge from data-rich rivers (e.g. Sabie River) could potentially be extrapolated to data-poor rivers, or sections of rivers. Invertebrates and fish are the main tools of aquatic species biodiversity monitoring, and require an understanding of the natural presence, absence and abundance patterns in aquatic ecosystems. This study contributes to this understanding by organising available information of biotic and abiotic information.
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Fawver, Marcia D. "Gender Similarities and Differences in Experiences of Public School Administrators". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2438.
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The purpose of study was to examine similarities and differences in experiences between male and female high school principals and district administrators in addition to similarities and differences in leadership style and skills. This was an in-depth study with participants working in the same district and matched with descriptors such as age, similar position, and time served. Therefore the statement of the problem for the present study is what similarities and differences in experiences exist between male and female high school principals and district administrators in addition to similarities and differences in leadership style and skills.
Two male high school principals, one female high school principal, and one female district supervisor participated. Only top-level administrative positions were considered. The participants were interviewed and asked to take a survey on their leadership skills and their leadership style.
All of the participants had experience as high school teachers with varying levels of teaching experience. There was a fairly small range of assistant principal experience. The participants reported having people who had been an influence in their decision to become administrators and someone who had mentored them.
Barriers did not seem present in obtaining positions for either the male or female participants. Barriers that were listed involved issues that arose in their job such as implementing multiple new programs.
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Johnson, Earl E. "NAL-NL2 & DSL m[i/o]: Similarities and Differences". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1733.
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Bushman, Kimberly K. "Cross-Generational Similarities Between Mothers' and Daughters' Abnormal Eating Behaviors". DigitalCommons@USU, 1995. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6088.
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This study was an investigation of the similarities and differences between mothers' and daughters' self-reported eating and dieting behavior. Also investigated was actual eating behaviors of mothers and daughters after consuming a milk shake preload presented as containing the caloric equivalents of one average meal.
Thirty-five mothers and their sixth-grade daughters completed a series of self-report instruments including the Bulimia Test-Revised, the Revised Dietary Restraint Scale, and the Anorexia-Bulimia Inventory. Subjects then individually completed a contrived ice cream taste test, which involved consuming a milk shake preload prior to tasting vanilla, chocolate, and strawberry ice cream. The relationship between mothers' and daughters' grams of ice cream consumed was negligible. However, several noteworthy relationships were found between mothers' and daughters' self-report indices. Results are discussed in terms of a modeling hypothesis for abnormal eating patterns.