Artykuły w czasopismach: „Silicon nitride-DNA”

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Goto, Yusuke, Kazuma Matsui, Itaru Yanagi i Ken-ichi Takeda. "Silicon nitride nanopore created by dielectric breakdown with a divalent cation: deceleration of translocation speed and identification of single nucleotides". Nanoscale 11, nr 30 (2019): 14426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr03563j.

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Petralia, S., T. Cosentino, F. Sinatra, M. Favetta, P. Fiorenza, C. Bongiorno, E. L. Sciuto, S. Conoci i S. Libertino. "Silicon nitride surfaces as active substrate for electrical DNA biosensors". Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 252 (listopad 2017): 492–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.06.023.

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Wu, Peng, Paul Hogrebe i David W. Grainger. "DNA and protein microarray printing on silicon nitride waveguide surfaces". Biosensors and Bioelectronics 21, nr 7 (styczeń 2006): 1252–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2005.05.010.

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Manning, Mary, i Gareth Redmond. "Formation and Characterization of DNA Microarrays at Silicon Nitride Substrates". Langmuir 21, nr 1 (styczeń 2005): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la0480033.

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Assad, Ossama N., Nicolas Di Fiori, Allison H. Squires i Amit Meller. "Two Color DNA Barcode Detection in Photoluminescence Suppressed Silicon Nitride Nanopores". Nano Letters 15, nr 1 (22.12.2014): 745–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl504459c.

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Uplinger, James, Brian Thomas, Ryan Rollings, Daniel Fologea, David McNabb i Jiali Li. "K+, Na+, and Mg2+on DNA translocation in silicon nitride nanopores". ELECTROPHORESIS 33, nr 23 (12.11.2012): 3448–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.201200165.

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Shon, Min Ju, i Adam E. Cohen. "Nano-mechanical measurements of protein-DNA interactions with a silicon nitride pulley". Nucleic Acids Research 44, nr 1 (3.09.2015): e7-e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv866.

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Wang, Kai Ge, Peng Ye Wang, Shuang Lin Yue, Ai Zi Jin, Chang Zhi Gu i Han Ben Niu. "Fabricating Nanofluidic Channels and Applying them for DNA Molecules Study". Solid State Phenomena 121-123 (marzec 2007): 777–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.121-123.777.

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In the emerging field of nanobiotechnology, further downsizing the fluidic channels and pores to the nanometer scale are attractive for both fundamental studies and technical applications. The insulation Silicon nitride membrane nanofluidic channel arrays which have width ~50nm and depth ~80nm and length ≥20μm were created by focused-ion-beam instrument. The λ-DNA molecules were put inside nanochannels and transferred, a fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the images. Only by capillary force, λ-DNA molecules moved inside the nanochannels which dealt with activating reagent Brij aqueous solution. These scope nanostructure devices will help us study DNA transporting through a nanopore and understand more DNA dynamics characteristics.

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Pezzotti, Giuseppe, Eriko Ohgitani, Saki Ikegami, Masaharu Shin-Ya, Tetsuya Adachi, Toshiro Yamamoto, Narisato Kanamura i in. "Instantaneous Inactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus by Silicon Nitride Bioceramics". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, nr 16 (10.08.2023): 12657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612657.

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Hydrolytic reactions taking place at the surface of a silicon nitride (Si3N4) bioceramic were found to induce instantaneous inactivation of Human herpesvirus 1 (HHV-1, also known as Herpes simplex virus 1 or HSV-1). Si3N4 is a non-oxide ceramic compound with strong antibacterial and antiviral properties that has been proven safe for human cells. HSV-1 is a double-stranded DNA virus that infects a variety of host tissues through a lytic and latent cycle. Real-time reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests of HSV-1 DNA after instantaneous contact with Si3N4 showed that ammonia and its nitrogen radical byproducts, produced upon Si3N4 hydrolysis, directly reacted with viral proteins and fragmented the virus DNA, irreversibly damaging its structure. A comparison carried out upon testing HSV-1 against ZrO2 particles under identical experimental conditions showed a significantly weaker (but not null) antiviral effect, which was attributed to oxygen radical influence. The results of this study extend the effectiveness of Si3N4’s antiviral properties beyond their previously proven efficacy against a large variety of single-stranded enveloped and non-enveloped RNA viruses. Possible applications include the development of antiviral creams or gels and oral rinses to exploit an extremely efficient, localized, and instantaneous viral reduction by means of a safe and more effective alternative to conventional antiviral creams. Upon incorporating a minor fraction of micrometric Si3N4 particles into polymeric matrices, antiherpetic devices could be fabricated, which would effectively impede viral reactivation and enable high local effectiveness for extended periods of time.

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Yin, Bohua, Wanyi Xie, Liyuan Liang, Yunsheng Deng, Shixuan He, Feng He, Daming Zhou, Chaker Tlili i Deqiang Wang. "Covalent Modification of Silicon Nitride Nanopore by Amphoteric Polylysine for Short DNA Detection". ACS Omega 2, nr 10 (25.10.2017): 7127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b01245.

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Hashim, U., Soon Weng Chong i Wei-Wen Liu. "Fabrication of Silicon Nitride Ion Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor for pH Measurement and DNA Immobilization/Hybridization". Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/542737.

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The fabrication of ion sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) using silicon nitride (Si3N4) as the sensing membrane for pH measurement and DNA is reported. For the pH measurement, the Ag/AgCl electrode was used as the reference electrode, and different pH values of buffer solution were used in the ISFET analysis. The ISFET device was tested with pH buffer solutions of pH2, pH3, pH7, pH8, and pH9. The results show that the IV characteristic of ISFET devices is directly proportional and the device’s sensitivity was 43.13 mV/pH. The ISFET is modified chemically to allow the integration with biological element to form a biologically active field-effect transistor (BIOFET). It was found that the DNA immobilization activities which occurred on the sensing membrane caused the drain current to drop due to the negatively charged backbones of the DNA probes repelled electrons from accumulating at the conducting channel. The drain current was further decreased when the DNA hybridization took place.

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Sischka, Andy, Lukas Galla, Andreas J. Meyer, Andre Spiering, Sebastian Knust, Michael Mayer, Adam R. Hall i in. "Controlled translocation of DNA through nanopores in carbon nano-, silicon-nitride- and lipid-coated membranes". Analyst 140, nr 14 (2015): 4843–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4an02319f.

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Wanunu, Meni, Anatoly Kolomeisky i Amit Meller. "What Is The Nature Of Interactions Between DNA And Nanopores Fabricated In Thin Silicon Nitride Membranes?" Biophysical Journal 96, nr 3 (luty 2009): 649a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.3860.

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Janigian, D., E. Morales, T. Muir, B. Garcia i J. Vesenka. "Topographic Comparison of G-Wire DNA Imaged by Hydration Scanning Tunneling and Atomic Force Microscopy as a Function of Humidity". Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (lipiec 1998): 302–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600021632.

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The tendency of poly-G oligonucleotides to undergo self-assembly into helical nucleic acid tetramers have been termed G-quartets. Also known as G-wires, these structures retain their crystallographic determined dimensions better than duplex DNA when imaged with the atomic force microscope (AFM). Relative humidity has been known to affect both the resolution and measured height DNA strands on mica. The results below aim to develop a model that can be used to define the mechanical properties of G-wires by scanning probe microscopy investigations. G-wires were examined under a wide range of relative humidity to determine their tolerance to shear forces under the AFM, and to establish imaging conditions for hydration scanning tunneling microscopy (HSTM).The relative humidity dependence of G-wires were taken with 125 μm long, 20 μm wide silicon nitride cantilevers in contact AFM mode (spring constant ∼ 0.4 N/m) (Fig. 1).

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Niedzwiecki, David J., Yung-Chien Chou, Zehui Xia, Federico Thei i Marija Drndić. "Detection of single analyte and environmental samples with silicon nitride nanopores: Antarctic dirt particulates and DNA in artificial seawater". Review of Scientific Instruments 91, nr 3 (1.03.2020): 031301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5138210.

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Chathirat, Naphat, Charndet Hruanun i Amporn Poyai. "DNA Biosensor on Optical Nanograting Structure". Applied Mechanics and Materials 804 (październik 2015): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.804.199.

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We present a nanograting optical biosensor device, fabricated by photolithography, which is sensitive to changes in refractive index at the sensor surface. via changes in the reflectivity spectra. The grating was created by etching of a silicon nitride (Si3N4) film, which has a refractive index of 2.01, resulting in an array of Si3N4 pillars. The grating was coated by the high quality spin on glass material which has a low effective refractive index <1.50. The surface was functionalised with a layer of probe biomolecules for specific binding of the target DNA. Immobilization of the probe molecules was carried out via streptavidin – biotin interaction, the biotin modified ssDNA oligonucleotide probes were 23 bases in length (1010 copies/μl) and the sequence of the complementary ssDNA was 5’-TAC TCA TAC TTG AGG TTG AAA TT-3’(10, 100 and 1000 copies/μl). Results of the experiment showed that when molecules attached to the surface of the device, the position of the reflectance spectrum shifted due to the change of the optical path of light that is coupled into the nanograting structure. The extent of the wavelength shift (Δλ) of the peaks could be used to quantify the amount of materials bound to the sensor surface.

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Datar, Ram, Seonghwan Kim, Sangmin Jeon, Peter Hesketh, Scott Manalis, Anja Boisen i Thomas Thundat. "Cantilever Sensors: Nanomechanical Tools for Diagnostics". MRS Bulletin 34, nr 6 (czerwiec 2009): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2009.121.

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AbstractCantilever sensors have attracted considerable attention over the last decade because of their potential as a highly sensitive sensor platform for high throughput and multiplexed detection of proteins and nucleic acids. A micromachined cantilever platform integrates nanoscale science and microfabrication technology for the label-free detection of biological molecules, allowing miniaturization. Molecular adsorption, when restricted to a single side of a deformable cantilever beam, results in measurable bending of the cantilever. This nanoscale deflection is caused by a variation in the cantilever surface stress due to biomolecular interactions and can be measured by optical or electrical means, thereby reporting on the presence of biomolecules. Biological specificity in detection is typically achieved by immobilizing selective receptors or probe molecules on one side of the cantilever using surface functionalization processes. When target molecules are injected into the fluid bathing the cantilever, the cantilever bends as a function of the number of molecules bound to the probe molecules on its surface. Mass-produced, miniature silicon and silicon nitride microcantilever arrays offer a clear path to the development of miniature sensors with unprecedented sensitivity for biodetection applications, such as toxin detection, DNA hybridization, and selective detection of pathogens through immunological techniques. This article discusses applications of cantilever sensors in cancer diagnosis.

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Hong, Jonggi, Yeonji Oh, Hojong Choi i Jungsuk Kim. "Low-Area Four-Channel Controlled Dielectric Breakdown System Design for Point-of-Care Applications". Sensors 22, nr 5 (28.02.2022): 1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051895.

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In this study, we propose a low-area multi-channel controlled dielectric breakdown (CDB) system that simultaneously produces several nanopore sensors. Conventionally, solid-state nanopores are prepared by etching or drilling openings in a silicon nitride (SiNx) substrate, which is expensive and requires a long processing time. To address these challenges, a CDB technique was introduced and used to fabricate nanopore channels in SiNx membranes. However, the nanopore sensors produced by the CDB result in a severe pore-to-pore diameter variation as a result of different fabrication conditions and processing times. Accordingly, it is indispensable to simultaneously fabricate nanopore sensors in the same environment to reduce the deleterious effects of pore-to-pore variation. In this study, we propose a four-channel CDB system that comprises an amplifier that boosts the command voltage, a 1-to-4 multiplexer, a level shifter, a low-noise transimpedance amplifier and a data acquisition device. To prove our design concept, we used the CDB system to fabricate four nanopore sensors with diameters of <10 nm, and its in vitro performance was verified using λ-DNA samples.

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Ghomian, Taher, Kaylee Burdette, Samaneh Farimand i Josh Hihath. "(Digital Presentation)Room Temperature Sensor Using Dielectrophoretic Trapping of Carbon Nanotubes". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, nr 15 (7.07.2022): 2407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01152407mtgabs.

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This abstract presents the design and fabrication of a temperature sensor based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The sensor is fabricated by dielectrophoretic trapping of CNTs between two nanoelectrodes. The conductance of the sensor is highly sensitive to the temperature variation which makes it suitable for applications requiring accurate measurements. In addition, fast response and good stability and durability are the important advantages of the sensors made of CNTs. The structure of the device is shown in the figure. CNTs are trapped in between nanoelectrodes using the dielectrophoresis (DEP) technique. Dielectrophoresis is a phenomenon in which a force is applied to a dielectric particle when it is exposed to a non-uniform electric field [1]. Although dielectrophoresis provides an accurate method for trapping materials in a predefined area, this method suffers from a costly fabrication process when dealing with nanomaterials. In this study, we used a standard photolithography method to fabricate low-cost devices and an electronic circuit is used to apply the required electric field and monitor the gap for the presence of CNTs. The device fabrication process starts with the patterning and depositing gold nanoelectrodes and contacts using the photolithography method. The process is followed by converting the surface of the device except for the nanoelectrodes area and connection pads with an insulation layer of Silicon nitride. Since the electrodes are thin (50 nm) and CNTs are flexible, fabrication on the flexible substrates is also feasible. References [1] T. Ghomian et al., "High‐Throughput Dielectrophoretic Trapping and Detection of DNA Origami," Advanced Materials Interfaces, vol. 8, no. 5, p. 2001476, 2021. Figure 1

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Wang, Yiqing, Min Yang i Chuanjian Wu. "Design and Implementation of a pH Sensor for Micro Solution Based on Nanostructured Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor". Sensors 20, nr 23 (3.12.2020): 6921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236921.

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pH sensors based on a nanostructured ion-sensitive field-effect transistor have characteristics such as fast response, high sensitivity and miniaturization, and they have been widely used in biomedicine, food detection and disease monitoring. However, their performance is affected by many factors, such as gate dielectric material, channel material and channel thickness. In order to obtain a pH sensor with high sensitivity and fast response, it is necessary to determine the appropriate equipment parameters, which have high processing cost and long production time. In this study, a nanostructured ion-sensitive field-effect transistor was developed based on the SILVACO technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulator. Through experiments, we analyzed the effects of the gate dielectric material, channel material and channel thickness on the electrical characteristics of the nanostructured field-effect transistor. Based on simulation results, silicon nitride was selected as the gate dielectric layer, while indium oxide was chosen as the channel layer. The structure and parameters of the dual channel ion-sensitive field-effect transistor were determined and discussed in detail. Finally, according to the simulation results, a pH sensor based on the nanostructured ion-sensitive field-effect transistor was fabricated. The accuracy of simulation results was verified by measuring the output, transfer and pH characteristics of the device. The fabricated pH sensor had a subthreshold swing as low as 143.19 mV/dec and obtained an actual sensitivity of 88.125 mV/pH. In addition, we also tested the oxidation reaction of hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase, and the sensitivity was up to 144.26 pA mol−1 L−1, verifying that the ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) can be used to detect the pH of micro solution, and then combine the enzyme-linked assay to detect the concentration of protein, DNA, biochemical substances, biomarkers, etc.

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Deen, M. Jamal. "(Digital Presentation) Biosensors – Researching at the Crossroads of Engineering and the Sciences". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, nr 18 (7.07.2022): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01181033mtgabs.

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It has been a pleasure and honor to know Dr. Landheer for more than three decades and to have collaborated with him. In this invited presentation, I will focus on one aspect of our collaboration – the topic of Biosensors – which was our last research collaboration. In the list of references [1-15], I provide all publications we collaborated on since 1986. Biosensors are increasingly used in environmental applications, especially for water quality monitoring. This is because the availability of safe drinking water is fundamental to our good health. However, as water resources get increasingly stressed, ensuring a safe water supply and effective water treatment becomes increasingly important. In addition, waterborne illnesses are a significant public health problem. At the same time, current monitoring of microbiological contamination of water currently is time-consuming, laboratory based, and frequently compromises the timeliness of health advisory warnings even when contamination is found. Therefore, rapid detection of unsafe water can contribute greatly to mitigating the morbidity and mortality associated with waterborne diseases due to microbiological contaminants. Fortunately, the research community has shown increasing interest in the development of microtechnology-based sensors for the detection and identification of the bio-contaminants. These sensing systems use the same fabrication technology that has enabled the drastic lowering of cost, exponential increase in complexity of electronic chips and widespread availability of computing resources. In this presentation, we will discuss a low-cost, electrical, label-free microfabricated biosensor that we have been developing for pathogen detection related to water quality and also for ubiquitous-healthcare applications. The use of nano-dimensions devices to create futuristic nano-biosensors for both environmental and health applications will be introduced. And we will also describe our ongoing work to create highly integrated and parallel detection systems by integrating the sensor, the processing electronics and the pre-processing stages on the same cheap substrate. Finally, the success of such a low-cost, highly integrated sensing system demands a convergence of expertise from various engineering disciplines, the physical and life sciences as well as public health. References D Landheer et al, “Bioaffinity Sensors Based on MOS Field—Effect Transistors,” in Semiconductor Device-Based Sensors for Gas, Chemical, and Biomedical Applications, Eds. Ren, Pearton, Taylor & Francis Books, Boca Raton, 215-265, 2010. MW Shinwari, et al, Microfabricated Reference Electrodes and their Biosensing Applications, Sensors, Vol. 10(3), pp. 1679-1715, 2010. MW Shinwari, MJ Deen, D Landheer, “Study of the Electrolyte-Insulator-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor with Applications in Biosensor Design,” Microelectronics Reliability, Vol. 47(12), pp. 2025-2057, 2007. D Landheer, et al, Calculation of the Response of Field-Effect Transistors to Charged Biological Molecules, IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 7, 1233-1242, 2007. WH Jiang, et al, Post-processing of Commercial CMOS Chips for the Fabrication of DNA Bio-FET Sensor Arrays, Proceedings of MRS Symposium - Fall Meeting, 6 pages, 2006. Bioelectronics, Biointerfaces, and Biomedical Applications 2, Eds., D Landheer, R. Bashir, M. Deen, C. Kranz, C. Liu, M. Madou, A. Offenhaeusser, R. Schasfoort, ECS Transactions, Vol. 3, Issue 26, 2006. MJ Deen, et al, Noise Considerations in Field-Effect Biosensors, Journal Applied Physics, Vol. 100, #074703, 8 pages, 2006. MJ Deen, et al, High Sensitivity Detection of Biological Species via the Field-Effect, Proceedings of the IEEE ICCDCS, Playa del Carmen, Mexico, pp. 381-385, 2006. D Landheer, et al, Model for the Field-Effect from Layers of Biological Macromolecules on the Gates of Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Transistors, Journal Applied Physics, Vol. 98, # 044701, 2005. Silicon Nitride and Silicon Dioxide Thin Insulating Films, Eds., R.E. Sah, MJ Deen, D Landheer, K.B. Sundaram, W.D. Brown, D. Misra, ECS Proceedings PV-03, 636 pages 2003. Silicon Nitride and Silicon Dioxide Thin Insulating Films, Eds., K.B. Sundaram, MJ Deen, D Landheer, W.D. Brown, D. Misra, M.D. Allendorf, R.E. Sah, ECS Proceedings Volume PV 2001-7, 2001. MJ Deen, et al, Low Frequency Noise in Cadmium Selenide Thin-Film Transistors, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 77(14), pp. 2234-2236, 2000. MJ Deen, et al, Low Frequency Noise in CdSe Thin-Film Transistors, ESSDERC 2000, Cork, Ireland, pp. 592-595, 2000. MJ Deen, et al, NbN Thin Films Reactively Sputtered with a High Field DC Magnetron, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A, Vol. 6(4), pp. 2299-2303, 1988. MJ Deen, et al, The Effect of the Deposition Rate on the Properties of DC Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films, Bull Am Phys Soc., Vol. 32(3), p. 646, 1987.

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Xu, Wen, Jiong Li, Mei Xue, Maria Carles, Dieter Wilhelm Trau, Ralf Lenigk, Nikolaus J. Sucher, Nancy Y. Ip i Mansun Chan. "Surface Characterization of DNA Microarray on Silicon Dioxide and Compatible Silicon Materials in the Immobilization Process". MRS Proceedings 711 (2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-711-ff2.9.1.

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ABSTRACTIn this work, the surface properties of a DNA microarray formed on silicon based solid support are studied at different stages during the hybridization process. A modified immobilization process using the covalent immobilization of thiol-terminated DNA oligonucleotides on self-assembled layers of (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTS) by disulfide bond formation is used to selectively attach DNA probes onto the surface of silicon dioxide. Contact angle measurement is used to monitor the bonding of MPTS on the surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows an increase in particle size before and after the growth of the MPTS layer. Fluorescence microscopy reveals the success of hybridization of complementary oligonucleotides labeled by FAM to the probe. The effects of modified immobilization process on other common material in silicon processing are also studied. As a result of the corrosive chemical used in the process, common metals used in micro-fabrication processes like aluminum are etched away. Silicon nitride is not affected by the immobilization and hybridization process, and thus can be used as a passivation and isolation material to conform the DNA to a specific area for DNA microarray to reduce cross-talk. The fluorescence image from the scanner indicates silicon nitride can effectively be used as an isolation material with linewidth down to 1 μm.

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Tan, Shengwei, Lei Wang, Jingjing Yu, Chuanrong Hou, Rui Jiang, Yanping Li i Quanjun Liu. "DNA-functionalized silicon nitride nanopores for sequence-specific recognition of DNA biosensor". Nanoscale Research Letters 10, nr 1 (1.05.2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11671-015-0909-0.

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Jiang, Weihong, D. Landheer, G. Lopinski, A. Rankin, N. G. Tarr i M. J. Deen. "Post-processing of Commercial CMOS Chips for the Fabrication of DNA Bio-FET Sensor Arrays". MRS Proceedings 951 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-0951-e05-09.

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ABSTRACTA BioFET array can be fabricated by post-processing of a standard CMOS chip if temperatures are kept below 450 ° and radiation or ion-bombardment damage is minimized. The processing starts with encapsulation by deposition of a low stress, electrolyte-impermeable silicon nitride layer by PECVD at 375 °C. Anisotropic reactive ion etching with an inductively coupled plasma using C4F8 and Ar was used to remove the silicon nitride and oxide layers above the poly-silicon gates. The poly-silicon was then etched off using a selective wet etch. The effect of the processing was characterized by making current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements with MOS capacitor structures at each stage of processing and results showed that trapped charges or interface states could be annealed out at low temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the cross-section of the gate areas after the etching. The results of current-voltage measurements with a Ag/AgCl reference electrode on devices in electrolyte solutions were compared to the results of charge-sheet model calculations including the effect of amphoteric charging sites on the oxide and the potential drops in the electrolyte. Measurements showing the threshold shifts subsequently produced by DNA probe attachment and hybridization will also be presented.

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Xia, Zehui, Andre Scott, Rachael Keneipp, Joshua Chen, David J. Niedzwiecki, Brian DiPaolo i Marija Drndić. "Silicon Nitride Nanopores Formed by Simple Chemical Etching: DNA Translocations and TEM Imaging". ACS Nano, 17.10.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c07240.

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Xie, Wanyi, Haibing Tian, Shaoxi Fang, Daming Zhou, Liyuan Liang, Shixuan He i Deqiang Wang. "Direct optical observation of DNA clogging motions near controlled dielectric breakdown silicon nitride nanopores". Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, wrzesień 2021, 130796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2021.130796.

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Grosman, Arieh, Tal Duanis-Assaf, Noa Mazurski, Roy Zektzer, Christian Frydendahl, Liron Stern, Meital Reches i Uriel Levy. "On-chip multivariant COVID 19 photonic sensor based on silicon nitride double-microring resonators". Nanophotonics, 31.03.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2022-0722.

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Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging human infectious disease that continues to develop new variants. A crucial step in the quest to reduce the infection is the development of rapid and reliable virus detectors. Here, we report a chip scale photonic sensing device consisting of a silicon-nitride double microring resonator (MRR) for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. The sensor is implemented by surface activation of one of the MRRs, acting as a probe, with DNA primers for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, whereas the other MRR is used as a reference. The performance of the sensor is determined by applying different amounts of SARS-CoV-2 complementary RNA. As will be shown in the paper, our device detects the RNA fragments at concentrations of 10 cp/μL and with sensitivity of 750 nm/RIU. As such, it shows a promise toward the implementation of label-free, small form factor, CMOS compatible biosensor for SARS-CoV-2, which is also environment, temperature, and pressure independent. Our approach can also be used for detecting other SARS-CoV-2 genes, as well as other viruses and pathogens.

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Mudgal, N., Ankur Saharia, Kamal Kishor Choure, Ankit Agarwal i G. Singh. "Sensitivity enhancement with anti-reflection coating of silicon nitride (Si3N4) layer in silver-based Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor for sensing of DNA hybridization". Applied Physics A 126, nr 12 (19.11.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-04126-9.

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Dominic, Anumol, Muhammad Sajeer Parambath, Simran Nasa i Manoj Varma. "Practical guide for in-house solid-state nanopore fabrication and characterization". Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 41, nr 4 (1.07.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0002682.

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Solid-state nanopores are considered a better alternative to biological nanopores for several sensing applications due to their better chemical, mechanical, and temperature stability. In addition to sequencing, nanopores currently also find applications in education, biomarker identification, quantification, single-molecule chemistry, and DNA computing. Nanopore technology’s simplicity and wide interdisciplinary applications have raised further interest among industry and scientific community worldwide. However, further development in solid-state nanopore technology and exploring its applications presents the need to have the capability to fabricate them in-house. This will be a more financially viable and flexible approach, especially in resource-limited situations. In order to do an in-house fabrication of solid-state nanopores, two key steps are involved. The first step is to fabricate suspended thin films, and the second one is the drilling of pores in these suspended thin membranes. Successful implementation of these two steps involves tedious optimization and characterization of the fabricated chips and nanopores. In this work, we describe the nanopore fabrication process in a ready-to-follow step-by-step guide and present solutions for several practical difficulties faced during the silicon nitride pore fabrication process. This work will help anyone new to this field and make the pore fabrication process more accessible.

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Johnson, W. Travis. "Attaching Biological Entities to AFM Cantilevers for Molecular Recognition Studies". MRS Proceedings 1025 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-1025-b14-03.

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AbstractAtomic force microscopy (AFM) is an important tool for high resolution studies in biophysics and mechanical studies directed at biological materials. A strong suit of AFM is its ability to measure hardness/elasticity, nonspecific adhesion or ligand-receptor interactions at the picoNewton scale. Molecular interactions are critical factors in a variety of biological phenomenon; such as the initiation, modulation and termination of DNA replication, transcription, enzyme activity, infection, immune responses, tissue generation, wound healing, cell differentiation, apotopsis and physiological responses from drugs, hormones or toxic agents. Using AFM, scientists can probe and quantify these interactions in their native, liquid environments at physiological pH or perform dynamic experiments in situ by removing or adding ions, solutes and reagents to the sample environment. Bioconjugation chemistry and surface chemistry are crucial because a selective ligand must be immobilized on the tip of an AFM probe so that the AFM can resolve the mechanical force required to separate the ligand and its target. The resulting data can be used to calculate forces of unbinding, derive rate constants and infer structural information about the binding pocket. Biomolecular recognition experiments with AFM can be greatly enhanced through the use of relatively short (~8-10 nm), heterobifunctional, elastic, polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkers to immobilize ligands. Heterobifunctional linkers are used in order to permit their sequential immobilization and bioconjugation, while minimizing undesirable polymerizations or self-conjugation. The linkers have an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester at one end to permit their attachment to aminated silicon or silicon nitride AFM probes. Other reactive functional groups, such as a biotin, maleimide, disulfide, aldehyde, or a photoreactive group reside at the opposite end of the linker to permit the direct or indirect attachment of intact antibodies, Fab fragments, peptides, nucleic acids or other biological entities. The PEG linkers are flexible, so an attached ligand has freedom to diffuse within a defined volume of space and approach the binding site in a thermodynamically favorable manner. PicoTREC, an accessory for the Agilent AFM, uses ligand-PEG modified cantilevers to generate a topography image and a recognition image of biomolecular interactions. As the modified cantilever gently oscillates at defined amplitude, it is scanned across a sample and PicoTREC converts the information derived from ligand-receptor interactions into a high resolution, nanometer-scale map. Consequently, the locations of discrete molecular interactions can be easily determined and compared with a topography image of the sample.

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Fragala, Joseph S., R. Roger Shile i Jason Haaheim. "Enabling the Desktop NanoFab with DPN® Pen and Ink Delivery Systems". MRS Proceedings 1037 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-1037-n02-04.

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AbstractDepositing a wide range of materials as nanoscale features onto diverse surfaces with nanometer registration and resolution are challenging requirements for any nanoscale processing system. Dip Pen Nanolithography® (DPN®), a high resolution, scanning probe-based direct-write technology, has emerged as a promising solution for these requirements. Many different materials can be deposited directly using DPN, including alkane thiols, metal salts and nanoparticles, metal oxides, polymers, DNA, and proteins. Indirect deposition allows the creation of many interesting nanostructures. For instance, using MHA may be used to create arrays of antibodies, which then bond specifically to antigens on the surface of viruses or cells, to create cell or virus arrays. The DPN system is designed to allow registration to existing features on a writing substrate via optical alignment or nanoscale alignment using the core AFM platform. This allows, for instance, the nanoscale deposition of sensor materials directly onto monolithic electronic chips with both sensing and circuit features.To enable the DPN process, novel pen and ink delivery systems have been designed and fabricated using MEMS technology. These MEMS devices bridge the gap between the macro world (instrument) and the nano world (nanoscale patterns). The initial MEMS devices were simple and robust both in design and fabrication to get products into the marketplace quickly. The first MEMS-based DPN device was a passive pen array based on silicon nitride AFM probe technology from Cal Quate's group at Stanford. The next two devices (an inkwell chip and a thermal bimorph active pen) were more complicated and took considerable effort to commercialize. In this work, some of the difficulties in bringing brand new MEMS devices from the prototype stage into production will be shared. The subsequent MEMS products have become even more complicated both in design and fabrication, but the development process has improved as well. For example, the 2D nanoPrintArray has 55,000 pens in one square centimeter for high throughput writing over large areas. The 2D arrays enable templated self assembly of nanostructures giving researchers the ability to control the placement of self assembled features rather than allowing the self assembly to occur randomly.Applications of DPN technology vary from deposition of DNA or proteins in nanoarrays for disease detection or drug discovery, to deposition of Sol-gel metal oxides for gas sensors, and to additive repair of advanced phase-shifting photomasks.

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Ikram, Muhammad, Muhammad Wakeel, Jahanzeb Hassan, Ali Haider, Sadia Naz, Anwar Ul-Hamid, Junaid Haider, Salamat Ali, Souraya Goumri-Said i Mohammed Benali Kanoun. "Impact of Bi Doping into Boron Nitride Nanosheets on Electronic and Optical Properties Using Theoretical Calculations and Experiments". Nanoscale Research Letters 16, nr 1 (12.05.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11671-021-03542-x.

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AbstractIn the present work, boron nitride (BN) nanosheets were prepared through bulk BN liquid phase exfoliation while various wt. ratios (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10) of bismuth (Bi) were incorporated as dopant using hydrothermal technique. Our findings exhibit that the optical investigation showed absorption spectra in near UV region. Density functional theory calculations indicate that Bi doping has led to various modifications in the electronic structures of BN nanosheet by inducing new localized gap states around the Fermi level. It was found that bandgap energy decrease with the increase of Bi dopant concentrations. Therefore, in analysis of the calculated absorption spectra, a redshift has been observed in the absorption edges, which is consistent with the experimental observation. Additionally, host and Bi-doped BN nanosheets were assessed for their catalytic and antibacterial potential. Catalytic activity of doped free and doped BN nanosheets was evaluated by assessing their performance in dye reduction/degradation process. Bactericidal activity of Bi-doped BN nanosheets resulted in enhanced efficiency measured at 0–33.8% and 43.4–60% against S. aureus and 0–38.8% and 50.5–85.8% against E. coli, respectively. Furthermore, In silico molecular docking predictions were in good agreement with in-vitro bactericidal activity. Bi-doped BN nanosheets showed good binding score against DHFR of E. coli (− 11.971 kcal/mol) and S. aureus (− 8.526 kcal/mol) while binding score for DNA gyrase from E. coli (− 6.782 kcal/mol) and S. aureus (− 7.819 kcal/mol) suggested these selected enzymes as possible target.

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