Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Signalisation mTORC1”
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 30 najlepszych rozpraw doktorskich naukowych na temat „Signalisation mTORC1”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj rozprawy doktorskie z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
Poulain, Laury. "Etude du métabolisme du glucose dans les leucémies aigües myéloïdes et implication de la voie de signalisation mTORC1". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB028/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAcute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) are heterogeneous hematological diseases with poor prognosis characterized by a clonal expansion of immature progenitors. Many deregulation of signaling pathways are found in leukemic cells and give them an advantage of proliferation and survival. The MTORC1 signaling pathway, which controls protein translation, autophagy and several metabolic pathways, is constitutively activated in leukemic cells. Metabolic reprogramming in particular the "Warburg effect" is a phenomenon well described in cancer cells. High rate of glycolysis has been considered to give tumour cells advantages through rapid production of ATP and intermediates for the synthesis of nucleotides, amino acids, and lipids. In this context, I studied glucose metabolism in AML cells and the involvement of the mTORC1 signaling pathway in the deregulation of this metabolism. First, I identified by a transcriptomic analysis in the MOLM-14 cell line that mTORC1 signaling controls several metabolic pathways including those for glucose utilization. This has been verified in several AML cell lines, since inhibition or over-activation of mTORC1 respectively induces a decrease or an increase in glucose consumption and lactate production. Interestingly, the level of activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway determines the sensitivity of AML cells to the inhibition of glycolysis. Indeed, when mTORC1 is activated, the blockade of glycolysis induces autophagy and apoptosis of leukemic cells. Conversely, blocking mTORC1 induces metabolic reprogramming of leukemic cells, which then mainly use oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP for their needs. AML cell survival become independent of glucose. Unlike primary AML cells, survival of normal immature hematopoietic cells CD34+ is only barely affected by the blockade of glycolysis. Thus, targeting the glucose metabolism may constitute an attractive therapeutic strategy in AML. I then investigated the anti-leukemic activity induced by the inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and more particularly by the specific blockade of G6PD (glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase) with the 6-aminonicotinamide (6- AN) compound. Indeed, a metabolic flux analysis demonstrated that a significant proportion of glucose was directed towards the PPP. This result suggested that the addiction of leukemic cells toward glucose might be related to an increased use of PPP. I then observed that the 6-AN induced in vitro cytotoxicity including in primary AML cells from patients without effect on normal immature hematopoietic cells CD34+ and in vivo in a xenograft model of MOLM-14 cell line in the NUDE mouse. This study therefore demonstrated that the constitutive activation of mTORC1 makes AML cells survival dependent on glycolysis, and creates a specific vulnerability to the inhibition of G6PD. Given that deregulation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway is almost constant in AML, targeting G6PD may therefore represent an interesting therapeutic strategy
Tartarin, Pauline. "Rôle de la voie de signalisation AMPK/mTOR dans la fonction de reproduction". Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4009/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn mammals, the energy metabolism exerts a strong influence on fertility. In females as in males, either a drop or an excess of the nutritional supplies induce modulations of the hormonal synthesis as well as viable gametes production. Our objective was 1) to define the role of AMPK, the AMP-activated protein kinase, a cell sensor of the energy reserves, in male reproduction; 2) to study the involvement of mTORC1, the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, another indicator of metabolism, in the cells of the central nervous system that regulate fertility. We have shown a decrease of fertility, linked to a testicular hyperandrogenia and dysfunctional spermatozoa in α1AMPK deficient mice. Moreover, in utero exposure to an AMPK activator, the metformin, induced a decrease in testicular volume and testosterone concentration (17dpc). Finally, inactivation of mTORC1 by interferent RNA in the adjacents cells of the hypothalamus tends to increase litter size, linked to a rise of FSH and the terminal folliculogenesis. In conclusion, this study confirms the role of these two complexes, energetic sensors, on the functionality of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis
Veilleux, Alain. "Rôle de la voie mTORC1/S6K1 dans la régulation de la signalisation de l'insuline dans les adipocytes". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24785/24785.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaAwan, Sara. "Rôle de Wnt5a dans la fonction lysosomale, l’accumulation intracellulaire du cholestérol, et l’athérosclérose". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ022.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe identified the Wnt ligand, Wnt5a, as a member of the nutrient/energy/stress sensor, mTORC1 scaffolding complex, which drives lysosomal function and promotes cholesterol trafficking. By decreasing mTORC1 activity and by activating the autophagy-lysosomal axis, Wnt5a senses changes in dietary cholesterol supply, promotes endosomal/lysosomal (LELs) cholesterol egress to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and protects against atherosclerosis. Moreover, Wnt5a binds cholesterol-rich membranes and specifically interacts with two lysosomal proteins Niemann–Pick C1 and Niemann–Pick C2 that regulate cholesterol export from LELs. Consequently, absence of Wnt5a decoupled mTORC1 from variations in LELs sterol levels, and this resulted in accumulation of large intracellular inclusion bodies, large LELs and low ER cholesterol
Jamal, Layal. "Structural and functional characterization of the lysosomal amino acid transporter PQLC2". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL129.
Pełny tekst źródłaPQLC2, which stands for proline-glu- tamine loop repeat-containing protein 2, be- longs to a family of membrane transport pro- teins characterized by a seven-helix membrane topology and two proline-glutamine motifs. PQLC2 is localized in the lysosomal membrane of mammalian cells, and studies using recombi- nant PQLC2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes have demonstrated that PQLC2 is an uniporter that specifically transports cationic amino acids. However, its 3D atomic structure has not yet been determined. In addition to being a trans- porter, PQLC2 is also a membrane receptor. When the cell is deprived of cationic amino acids, PQLC2 recruits at the lysosome surface a complex of three proteins (called CSW): the GTPase-activating proteins C9ORF72 and SMCR8, and WDR41, the anchor between CSW and PQLC2. The CSW complex is important for normal lysosome function. In addition, congeni- tal mutations in the gene encoding C9ORF72 are directly associated with two neurodegene- rative diseases. Pull-down assays in cell extracts indicate that the interaction of a short 10 amino acid peptide motif from a protruding loop of WDR41 (WDR41-7CD loop) with PQLC2 is sufficient for lysosomal recruitment of CSW. To characterize this interaction as well as the functional role of PQLC2, we expressed mammalian PQLC2 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and established a purification protocol of PQLC2 based on the recognition between anti-GFP nanobodies and GFP fused to PQLC2. To improve the stability of detergent-purified PQLC2, we introduced speci- fic mutations along the protein sequence using a consensus-based mutagenesis approach. Ne- gative-staining electron microscopy of deter- gent-purified PQLC2 suggests that this trans- porter assembles as a homotrimer, like other members of the same PQ-loop family of trans- porters. Finally, by electron paramagnetic re- sonance (EPR) spectroscopy, we assessed the direct interaction between PQLC2 and a peptide encoding the WDR41 loop. These experiments revealed the role of certain WDR41 loop resi- dues in the PQLC2/WDR41-7CD loop interac- tion, as well as the effect of a PQLC2 substrate
Houssaini, Amal. "La voie de signalisation Akt/mTOR : rôle physiopathologique etcible thérapeutique dans l’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire expérimentale". Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST0069.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe major objectives of research described in this thesis is focused on the cell signaling pathway of Akt (serine/threonine kinase Akt) and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) in the patho-physiology of experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH occurs as a result ofhyperplasia of the components of pulmonary vessels, principally the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PA-SMCs). Numerous previously identified biological and physical effectors act on the PA-SMCs and participate in PA-SMC hyperplasia. Here we show studied that these different effectors converge into a common intracellular signaling pathway, Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which represents actually a therapeutic target for PAH treatment, and could be involved in the hyperplasia of PA-SMCs. In cells mTOR, is presented in the form of two complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, which phosphorylate various substrates controlling the cellular proliferation. The effectors of mTORC1 include the S6 kinases (S6K1 and S6K2) and eIF4E-binding proteins (4EBP), meanwhile mTORC2 activates the serine/threonine kinase Akt and the underlying kinases, e.g. GSK3 kinase.The first study is devoted to evaluate the effects of the protease inhibitors of HIV (ritonavir, amprenavir, nelfinavir) on experimental PAH development induced by monocrotaline or hypoxia. We studied that the two forms of PAH are associated with an activation of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in pulmonary arteries. The treatment by the three protease inhibitors of HIV during 3 weeks causes reversibility in experimental PAH with decreased right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular remodeling as well as inhibition of phosphorylation of Akt, S6K and GSK3. The proliferation of PA-SMCs stimulated by PDGF or FCS 5%, which is associated with an increased p-Akt and p-GSK3, is also blocked by the proteases inhibitors, in a similar and non additive way like the specific inhibitors of PI3 kinase and GSK3. We conclude that the antiretroviral treatments significantly inhibits PAH development by inhibiting Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in PA-SMCs. This proposition allows explaining the effect of antiretroviral treatments of PAH accompanied with HIV in patients.In the second study, we studied that the cultured PA-SMCs extracted from the rats with monocrotaline induced-PAH(MCT-PAH) proliferates faster as compared to control. This proliferative phenotype is observed in the presence of different mitogenic factors including FCS 5%, PDGF, 5-HT, IGF1 or IL-1β, and is associated with an activation of the substrates of mTORC1 and mTORC2. Treatment with rapamycin in the PA-SMCs extracted from the rats with PAH in vitro inhibits the proliferation and also blocks the activation of mTORC1 and mTORC2. The treatment by rapamycin in the rats with PAH during one week allows normalizing the proliferation of PA-SMCs in vitro and inhibiting the activation of mTORC1 and mTORC2 in vivo. These effects were not observed when treated with imatinib or fluoxetine. Moreover, treatment with rapamycin prevents or reverse MCT induced PAH more significantly than that by imatinib or fluoxetine.These results indicate that the activation of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway isclosely related to experimental PAH development, which can explain the abnormal proliferative phenotype of PA-SMCs involved in the patho-physiology of PAH, and represent a therapeutic target for the treatment of PAH in human
Rolas, Loïc. "Identification de nouveaux facteurs de régulation physiopathologique de la NADPH oxydase du neutrophile : Importance de mTOR, de la dégradation de NOX2 via l’élastase et perspectives de traitement des déficits induits au cours de la cirrhose alcoolique". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T045/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSuperoxide anion (O2-) production by NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) complex of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (i.e respiratory burst, RB) contributes to efficient elimination of pathogens. This defense function is stimulated by various pro-inflammatory agents, especially by bacterial peptides (fMLP) which trigger a signaling cascade involving many protein kinases (PKC, AKT, MAP-Kinases) resulting in activation of NOX2, also called gp91phox, the catalytic core of the complex. In this thesis, I identified the protein kinase mTOR as a novel major RB effector of healthy neutrophils and I compared its transductional activity in neutrophils from patients suffering from alcoholic decompensated liver cirrhosis, aiming at understanding their high susceptibility to bacterial infections.A major contribution of mTOR to fMLP-induced neutrophil superoxide production was demonstrated using its specific drug antagonist Rapamycin, and by an antisens strategy. mTOR is activated upstream of p38-MAPK which phosphorylates p47phox, a major component of the NADPH oxidase complex. In neutrophils from cirrhotic patients, the RB is dramatically impaired and this was associated with a deficient activation of the p38-MAPK/p47phox(S345) signaling pathway. This RB deficiency was aggravated by Rapamycin. Neutrophils from cirrhotic patients also exhibited a deficient expression of gp91phox (NOX2), p22phox, p47phox and mTOR. A deficient NOX2 expression can be reproduced by treating healthy neutrophils with fMLP or plasma from cirrhotic patients. Furthermore, this phenomenon involved an unexpected proteolytic degradation of gp91phox mediated by elastase. Finally, this deficient superoxide production by neutrophil from cirrhotic patients can be corrected ex vivo in isolated neutrophils and in patients’ whole blood, using a Toll-like receptor agonist that acts by promoting the transcription and traduction of gp91phox .In conclusion, mTOR emerges as a novel and major signaling effector of neutrophil RB, promoting the activation of p47phox/gp91phox through MAPKs. This novel signaling pathway is strongly impaired during alcoholic liver cirrhosis, which increases patients’ susceptibility to bacterial infections. Although our study raises concerns about the use of mTOR inhibitors in immunocompromised patients, it also provides therapeutic propects for correcting neutrophil functional deficiencies using agents capable of stimulating intracellular TLR
Streuli, Marie Isabelle. "Voies de signalisation et marqueur sérique de la prolifération cellulaire dans l’adénomyose". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB115.
Pełny tekst źródłaAdenomyosis is chronic benign uterine disease characterized by myometrial infiltration by endometrial tissue – both glands and stroma – with hypertrophy and hyperplasia of surrounding smooth muscle cells. This frequent disease occurring in reproductive age women causes invalidating symptoms such as dysmenorrhoea, abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility. Adenomyosis is frequently associated with other estrogen-dependant gynaecologic diseases such as uterine leiomyomas and endometriosis. Medical treatments are non-curative and act purely by alleviating symptoms and adenomyosis remains a major cause of hysterectomy. Physiopathological mechanisms underlying the disease are probably multifactorial and currently not fully elucidated. According to the most widely accepted theory adenomyosis originates from the basal layer of the endometrium which invaginates between smooth muscle cell bundles and/or along lymphatic vessels. Multiple factors could be implicated in triggering this invasion, amongst others resistance to progesterone, intra-lesional production of estrogens through aromatase activation, myometrial anomalies predisposing to invasion, tissue lesions induced by pregnancy, labour, uterine dysperistaltism or iatrogenic and endometrial anomalies predisposing to invasion. First, in a clinical review article, we detail current medical therapies used to alleviate adenomyosis-associated symptoms and discuss physiopathological mechanisms that could be targets for novel medical treatments. We then describe an in vitro study on the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphatidylinositol three kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin/Akt (PI3K/mTOR/Akt) signalling pathways in uterine smooth muscle cells derived from women with adenomyosis and from adenomyosis-free controls. We show an increased proliferation of uterine smooth muscle cells related to the in vitro activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway in women with adenomyosis compared to controls. The activation of PI3K/mTOR/Akt was not significantly different. The production of reactive oxygen species and their detoxification enzymes were not different in uterine smooth muscle cells of women with adenomyosis compared to controls suggesting a reactive oxygen species independent activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway. Our results also show that inhibitors of protein kinases and the rapanalogue temsirolimus control the in vitro proliferation of uterine smooth muscle cells suggesting an implication of both MAPK/ERK and PI3K/mTOR/Akt in the proliferation of uterine smooth muscle cells in adenomyosis and leiomyomas. Finally, we studied osteopontin as a serum biomarker in a cohort of reproductive-age women undergoing surgery for benign gynaecological conditions. The presence of endometriosis was determined surgically and endometriosis lesions were confirmed histologically and classified into superficial lesions, endometriomas and deep infiltrating lesions. The presence of adenomyosis was determined by magnetic resonance imaging before surgery and women were classified according to two types of adenomyosis: diffuse adenomyosis, focal adenomyosis with or without associated diffuse lesions. Osteopontin levels were decreased in case of focal adenomyosis and deep infiltrating endometriosis compared to disease-free women and increased in superficial endometriosis compared to deep infiltrating endometriosis. Osteopontin, a secreted glycoprotein implicated in inflammation and in tumor-metastasis, is not a biomarker of disease severity in endometriosis and adenomyosis but could reflect events implicated in peritoneal dissemination of endometriosis lesions
Damjanac, Morel Milena. "Relation entre les voies de signalisation PKR et mTOR dans la maladie d'Alzheimer". Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT1403.
Pełny tekst źródłaChapuis, Nicolas. "Dérégulation des voies de signalisation P13K/Akt et mTOR dans les Leucémies Aigües Myéloïdes". Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077010.
Pełny tekst źródłaAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder, characterized by uncontrolled proliferation/survival of immature myeloid progenitors, blocked in their differentiation. Aberrant activation of multiple signalling pathways is frequently found in AML cells. However, a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to constitutive activation of these pathways is required to develop new targeted therapies in this disease. In this work, I investigated the implication in AML cells of both PBK/Akt and mTOR signalling pathways which are constitutively activated in respectively 50% and 100% of cases. I first demonstrated that the PBK/Akt deregulation is mostly due to an IGF1 autocrine production. I then observed that the specific inhibition of mTORCl with rapamycin induces an overactivation of PBK/Akt signalling du to the IGF-1 autocrine loop. I also demonstrated that concomitant inhibition of both PBK/Akt and mTORCl signalling pathways with compounds such as NVP-BEZ235, a dual PBK/mTOR inhibitor induce a promising anti-leukemic effect in vitro and could be use in clinical trials. Finally, I investigated the implication of FOXO proteins, which possess tumours suppressive functions. Interestingly, I observed that FOXO3a is constantly inactivated in AML cells, due to the constitutive activation of the IkB kinase. Réactivation of FOXO3a activity through IkB inactivation represents therefore another therapeutic strategy for AML. Altogether, this work clearly suggests that a better understanding of mechanisms leading to the deregulation o both PBK/Akt and mTOR pathways and their connexions is required to develop new targeted therapies in this disease
Philippon, Héloïse. "Étude de l'histoire évolutive des PI3K et des voies de signalisation associées". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1099/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main goal of my thesis was the characterization of the evolutionary history of signalling pathways through a twofold approach: (i) the phylogenetic analysis of their components; and (ii) the identification and characterization of their interactions by the analysis of model organisms interactomes. While many tools are available for single genes tree reconstruction, only a few methods have been developed for the study of a set of proteins involved in the same cellular process. However, inside the cell, most of proteins interact with others.Initially, I studied the evolutionary history of the PI3K family (Phosphati-dylinositol 3-kinases). This first detailed phylogenetic analysis allowed me to set up a methodology suitable for signalling pathways. One of the important problems encountered in this study was the selection of alternative transcripts and this led me to develop a software called BATfinder (Best Aligned Transcript finder ). In order to study the AKT/mTOR signalling pathway, I have implemented the methodology previously validated with PI3Ks. This implementation was carried out as an automated pipeline called EPINe (Easy Phylogenetics for Interaction Networks). This pipeline is theoretically usable for the phylogenetic analysis of any eukaryotic metabolic network
Frégeau, Marc-Olivier. "Régulation des récepteurs de l'inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate par l'activation concomitante de différentes voies de signalisation". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6235.
Pełny tekst źródłaSalles, Marie-Josèphe. "Rôle des récepteurs dopaminergiques D2 et D3 dans l’activation des voies de signalisation Akt/GSK-3β et mTOR". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066051.
Pełny tekst źródłaRadu, Anca Gabriela. "Nouvelles régulations métaboliques exercées par la signalisation LKB1 dans les cellules polarisées : conséquences pour l’ontogénie tissulaire". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV011/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe tumor suppressor LKB1 codes for a serine/threonine kinase. It acts as a key regulator of cell polarity and energy metabolism partly through the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a sensor that adapts energy supply to the nutrient demands of cells facing situations of metabolic stress. To achieve metabolic adaptations, AMPK phosphorylates numerous substrates which inhibit anabolic processes while activating catabolic reactions. In particular, AMPK inhibits the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).During my PhD, based on genetically engineered mouse models, I uncovered that Lkb1 signaling is essential for neural crest cells (NCC) formation. NCC are multipotent cells that originate from the neural tube and give rise to various derivatives including bones and cartilage of the face, pigmented cells in the skin and glial and neural cells in peripheral nerves and the enteric nervous system. I demonstrated that Lkb1 is essential for vertebrate head formation and for the differentiation and maintenance of NCC-derivatives in the peripheral nervous system. I also emphasized that LKB1 is acetylated on lysine 48 by the acetyltransferase GCN5 and that this acetylation could regulates cranial NCC ontogeny and head formation. Furthermore, I discovered that Lkb1 controls NCC-derived glial differentiation through metabolic regulations involving amino acid biosynthesis coupled to pyruvate-alanine cycling upstream of mTOR signaling.Phenotypes due to Lkb1 loss in NCC recapitulate clinical features of human disorders called neurocristopathies and therefore suggest that aberrant Lkb1 metabolic signaling underlies the etiology of these pathologies. Abnormal activation of the tumor suppressor p53 has been described in some NCC disorders and p53 inactivation in neurocristopathy mouse models rescues the pathological phenotype. By using a NCC line that can be cultivated as progenitors or differentiated in glial cells in vitro, I demonstrated that Lkb1 expression in NCC-derivatives controls p53 activation by limiting oxidative DNA damage and prevents the formation of lysosomes filled with oxidized proteins and lipids called lipofuscin granules. Interestingly, activation of mTOR and LKB1/AMPK pathways is governed by amino acid sensors and takes place at the lysosome surface. Lysosomes have been proposed as a signaling hub controlling proteolysis and aging. Thus Lkb1 and p53 signaling could converge especially through lysosome homeostasis thereby potentially impacting cellular aging.Strikingly, Sertoli cells, that are epithelial somatic cells, located in seminiferous tubules in testes, and which govern germ cells maturation and whole testis homeostasis, share similar metabolic functions with glial cells. For example, they secrete lactate and alanine to fuel mitochondria of neighboring cells (germ cells or neurons respectively) to control their survival and maturation. During my PhD, we highlighted that Lkb1 is essential for testis homeostasis and spermatogenesis by regulating Sertoli cell polarity and, as observed in glial cells, energy metabolism through pyruvate-alanine cycling. These data suggest that this particular Lkb1 metabolic regulation is conserved in tissues with similar function.Taken together, these studies reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms that coordinately regulate energy metabolism and cell fate. They provide new insights into NCC development and expand our understanding of the role of LKB1 as an energy metabolic regulator. Finally, my PhD projects uncover the existence of a crosstalk between Lkb1 and p53 and underline its importance in NCC disorders
Tremblay, Frédéric. "Régulation nutritionnelle de l'action de l'insuline sur le métabolisme du glucose : implication de la voie de signalisation mTOR". Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21816/21816.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaInscrit au Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures
Tamburini-Bonnefoy, Jérôme. "Régulation des voies de signalisation P13K/Akt et mTOR dans les leucémies aiguës myéloïdes : implications physiopathologiques et thérapeutiques". Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077179.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn acute myeloid leukemia (AML), aberrant activation of signal transduction pathways enhances the survival of leukemic cells. We showed that 50% of primary AML samples had a constitutive activation of -PI3K/Akt generally due to an autocrine IGF-1/IGF-1R loop. However, specific PI3K and ÏGF-1R inhibitors'only showed limited anti-leukemic activity. The specific inhibition of mTORCl by rapamycm induced an IGF 1-dependent overactivation of PI3K that limited thé anti-leukemic potential of rapamycm. This emphasized the potential benefit of dual PI3K and mTORCl inhibitors in AML. Surprismgly, the mRNA translation process was not controlled by mTORCl in AML, and rapamycm failed to reduce the expression of oncogenic proteins. The Pim-2 kinase was involved in this mechamsm suggesting a potential benefit for Pim-2 inhibitors in the future. We showed that directly targeting the translation initiating complex by the 4EGI-1 compound decreased AML cell survival while sparing normal hematopoiesis, suggesting other therapeutic perspectives in AML therapy. We also showed that mTOR controlled by complex phosphorylation events the translation regulator 4E-BP1 m AML, independently of mTORCl and mTORC2 Finally, we activated the LKB1/AMPK pathway using metformin, which represents a physiological repressor of mTOR activity. This molecule markedly impaired the translation of oncogenic mRNA and repressed the growth of AML cells. The present work therefore contributed to emphasize the oncogenic deregulation of mRNA translation as a valuable target m AML that could be inhibited using different physiologic-based approaches
Baccini, Véronique. "Polyploïdisation des mégacaryocytes : Rôle de P21cip1 et P27kip1 et de la voie de signalisation mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)". Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077180.
Pełny tekst źródłaMegakaryocyte differentiation is characterized by polyploidization of progenitors and cell size increasing. The term of differentiation is controlled by thrombopoietin (TPO) which stimulates various types of intracellular signaling pathways. The aim of my thesis was to understand mechanisms responsible for polyploidization and megakaryocyte (MK) maturation. The Cip/Kip family of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors which include p21Cip1 , p27Kip1 and p57Kip2 plays a crucial role in coupling cell-cycle arrest with differentiation in many cell types. MKs express high levels of p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 during differentiation. We hypothesized that these proteins act redundantly to arrest endomitosis and to induce terminal differentiation. We showed that only p21Cip1 was probably responsible for the arrest of endomitotic cell cycles by studying megakaryocytopoiesis of mice lacking one or the two proteins and the effects of overexpression of these proteins on megakaryocytopoiesis. Nevertheless, this murine model is insufficient to affirm thé absence of functional redundance between p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 during MK differentiation. We next showed the mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR) stimulation by TPO in MKs. This cell signaling pathway regulates cell growth (cell mass and cell size) of many cell types by increasing G1 phase progression through the TORC1 complex. We studied the rapamycin effects on culture of primary MKs and showed that mTOR pathway regulates MK proliferation, ploidization and size by increasing cyclin D3 and p21Cip1 transcription. In addition, mTOR régulates proplatelet formation independently from its effects on ploidization and cell growth
Favier, François B. "Régulation de la masse musculaire lors d'une hypoxie chronique sévère : contribution à l'étude du rôle de la signalisation Akt/mTOR". Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STET005T.
Pełny tekst źródłaImache, Mohamed. "Etude du rôle directe de l'expression des protéines du virus de l'hépatite C sur la voie de signalisation intra-cellualire PI3K-Akt et de son implication dans le développement du carcinome hépato-cellulaire". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0080/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe goal of myt thesis is to study regulators of intracellular signaling pathway of Pi route (3) K-Akt through the analysis of tumor suppressor PTEN (Phosphatase and tenson homolog) and serine / threonine kinase mTOR (Target of Rapamycin Mamalian). This study has several objectives:1. Modulation of the Akt pathway by HCV in human liver, mouse livers FL-N / 35 to the basal level in a first time and at a track boost in vitro on primary cultures of mouse hepatocytes.2. Study of the expression and post-translational modifications of modulators of PI path (3) K in a murine model expressing (FL-N / 35) or not the complete ORF of hepatitis C ( HCV).3. Confirming our previous data with the invalidation of PTEN in a knockout mouse model for PTEN.4. Extending its data at the molecular level with a view to a mechanistic study through analysis in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro of a knockout mouse model for PTEN.5. Complete this study by analyzing the viral determinants involved in the dysregulation of intracellular signaling through the NS5A mouse study.6. Examine the impact of deregulation of IP route (3) K-Akt in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (CHCs) induced by HCV
Rambur, Amandine. "Importance de la co-dérégulation des voies RAS/MAPK et PI3K/AKT/mTOR dans la transformation épithéliale prostatique. Approche in vivo à l'aide d'un modèle dans les glandes accessoires de la Drosophile". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC088/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaClinical studies have demonstrated that, in prostate cancer, RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/TOR signaling pathways are often aberrantly co-activated in tumors, their activation levels increasing again in resistance phases. These pathways, that are regulated by growth factors, are implicated in fundamental cellular processes regulation such as proliferation, growth and cellular differentiation. These data suggest that they are likely implicated in prostate tumorigenesis. However, the relative implication of each of these two pathways during prostate tumorigenesis, especially during early phases, is not fully understood. Thus, the aim of my thesis is to define the possible implication of these pathways in prostate cancer initiation and progression and which molecular mechanisms are implicated in their co-deregulation. Therefore, we have developed an alternative in vivo model of prostate tumorigenesis in drosophila, where accessory glands are a functional equivalent of the human prostate. The first part of my work shows that only the hyperactivation of the RAS/MAPK pathway in accessory glands can promote tumorigenesis, with the formation of cell masses that recapitulate many cancer hallmarks including uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation, enhanced matrix metalloproteinases expression, loss of epithelial markers expression, neovascularization-like tracheogenesis. However, both pathways are necessary to tumorigenesis, even though they display different roles: the RAS/MAPK pathway is activated earlier and is able to recruit the PI3K/AKT/TOR pathway thanks to the formation of two feedback loops. The first depend on Spitz (dEGF) and EGFR receptor to amplify RAS/MAPK pathway activation. The second depends on ILP6 (dIGF1) activation, produced following RAS/MAPK pathway activation and allow PI3K/AKT/TOR pathway recruitment via insulin receptor InR. The second part of the work shows that RAS/MAPK pathway activation allows MMP1 production restricted to the cells that will be the origin of the tumors, before their actual extravasation. This temporally controlled step of MMP1 expression corresponds to a time window where the cells show strong cytoskeletal reorganization and where microenvironment is disturbed. These data place the RAS/MAPK pathway deregulation as an early event of prostate tumorigenesis, able to recruit the PI3K/AKT/TOR pathway and to induce MMP1 production to allow cell extravasation and tumor formation
Chassé, Héloïse. "Régulations traductionnelles de l'embryon précoce d'oursin : recrutement des ARNm dans les polysomes à la fécondation". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066503/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaProtein synthesis is a crucial step for gene expression regulation. In many animal species, the early steps of development are based on translation of stored maternal mRNAs. Sea urchin embryo is a powerful model to study translational control during early development. Fertilization triggers the activation of translational machinery, leading to the increase of protein synthesis which is necessary to cell cycle entry and early embryonic development. Translational machinery modifications are responsible for the polysomal recruitment of the stored maternal mRNAs. Thus, are all the stored maternal mRNAs translated, or is there any selection of the translated mRNAs? If so, what are the mechanisms driving this selectivity? Over this work, we obtained the entire subset of the translationally regulated mRNAs, and demonstrated that only a part of the stored maternal mRNAs is actively translated at sea urchin fertilization, with an important enrichment of mRNAs coding for regulatory proteins. Finally, this work highlighted the diversity and the complexity of the signaling network upstream the selective polysomal recruitment
Vigneron, François. "Etude de la signalisation intracellulaire de la cardioprotection vis-à-vis des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion : implication de GSK-3β, de la voie WNT et de la voie mTOR". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21759/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMyocardial infarction is a major problem of public health, whose prognosis is related to the extent of the infarcted territory. Transient episodes of ischemia/reperfusion before ischemia (ischemic PreConditioning (PreC)), or at the onset of reperfusion (ischemic PostConditioning (PostC)) confer myocardium resistance to lethal ischemia. However the exact mechanism of PreC and PostC remains obscure. Our objectives were to examine signaling events during PreC and PostC and their effects on cardioprotection in an isolated mouse heart model. We provide evidence that pharmacological PreC by direct activation of mitoKATP, like ischemic PreC, involve an amplification loop involving ROS production and resulting in a sustained down-regulation of GSK-3β via Akt activation and a constant opening of mitoKATP. The mTOR pathway is a target of this loop and participates to cardioprotection. Disruption of Wnt pathway by sFRP1 modulates this loop inducing GSK-3β activation. This is the first evidence that PreC involves both a pro-survival mTOR pathway and an embryonic developmental Wnt pathway targeting GSK-3β. During ischemic and pharmacological PostC, the same amplification loop is activated, including Akt, GSK-3β and the mitoKATP. Unlike PreC, PostC did not induce the mTOR survival pathway: neither phosphorylation of mTOR nor of its targets p70S6K and 4E-BP1 were observed. However, cardiac overexpression of a Wnt antagonist, impairing PreC through GSK3-β, was unable to abolish cardioprotection afforded by PostC. PostC signaling differs from the preC pathway. Despite these discrepancies, GSK-3β plays a key role in both types of cardioprotection
Courtois, Sarah. "Etude des effets de la metformine et de l’implication de la voie de signalisation mTOR au cours de l’infection par Helicobacter pylori et de la carcinogenèse gastrique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0830/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaChronic infection with Helicobacter pylori affects more than half of the world's population and is the main known cause of gastric adenocarcinoma. Metformin is an oral antidiabetic drug used to treat type 2 diabetes patients, and is being increasingly studied for its antitumoral properties in several cancer types. However, its potential effects in gastric cancer have not been thoroughly studied. Experiments performed on gastric cancer cell lines and patient-derived gastric carcinoma xenografts (PDX), have confirmed the antitumoral properties of metformin. Metformin, in preventive and curative treatment, decreases the tumorsphere formation, the expression of gastric CSC markers and the self-renewal capacity of CSC. In a second time, we have shown that metformin is able to inhibit the bacterial growth of H. pylori in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the effects of the H. pylori infection have been studied on the mTOR signaling pathway using a transcriptomic analysis and western blots, performed on gastric cancer cell lines. These show the ability of H. pylori to inhibit mTORC1.To conclude, this thesis work allowed i) to demonstrate the ability of metformin to target gastric CSCs, ii) to discover a new antimicrobial property of metformin against H. pylori, iii) to demonstrate that H. pylori inhibits the mTOR signaling pathway
Chassé, Héloïse. "Régulations traductionnelles de l'embryon précoce d'oursin : recrutement des ARNm dans les polysomes à la fécondation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066503.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaProtein synthesis is a crucial step for gene expression regulation. In many animal species, the early steps of development are based on translation of stored maternal mRNAs. Sea urchin embryo is a powerful model to study translational control during early development. Fertilization triggers the activation of translational machinery, leading to the increase of protein synthesis which is necessary to cell cycle entry and early embryonic development. Translational machinery modifications are responsible for the polysomal recruitment of the stored maternal mRNAs. Thus, are all the stored maternal mRNAs translated, or is there any selection of the translated mRNAs? If so, what are the mechanisms driving this selectivity? Over this work, we obtained the entire subset of the translationally regulated mRNAs, and demonstrated that only a part of the stored maternal mRNAs is actively translated at sea urchin fertilization, with an important enrichment of mRNAs coding for regulatory proteins. Finally, this work highlighted the diversity and the complexity of the signaling network upstream the selective polysomal recruitment
Chaillou, Thomas. "Contrôle de la masse et du phénotype musculaires en hypoxie : leçons tirées de modèles de croissance du muscle squelettique chez le rongeur". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716380.
Pełny tekst źródłaJoassard, Olivier. "Mécanismes moléculaires du contrôle de la masse musculaire sous l'action du β2-agoniste formotérol". Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001862.
Pełny tekst źródła"Rôle de la voie mTORC1/S6K1 dans la régulation de la signalisation de l'insuline dans les adipocytes". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24785/24785.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaCargnello, Marie. "Régulation du métabolisme des ARNm par les voies de signalisation MAPK et mTOR". Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11767.
Pełny tekst źródłaIt is now well established that gene expression is predominantly regulated by post-transcriptional events and that mRNA translation plays an essential role in this process. Translation of mRNAs is especially important in defining the proteome, maintaining homeostasis and controlling cell growth and cell proliferation. Several human diseases such as cancer are associated with aberrant regulation of protein synthesis highlighting the need to better understand the molecular mechanisms contributing to translational control. The translation initiation factor eIF4E is a key component of the translational machinery whose activity is controlled by its partners, the 4E-BP and 4E-T proteins. The PI3K/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways, which are strongly implicated in cancer etiology, control mRNA translation by modulating eIF4E activity through the inhibition of the 4E-BPs and the regulation of eIF4E localization by 4E-T. In order to better understand how mRNA translation is regulated we used several approaches. First, we characterized the mechanisms contributing to mTORC1 activation in response to growth factor. We found that the kinase RSK, that lies downstream of the Ras/ERK pathway, directly controls mTORC1 activity by phosphorylating Raptor, the regulatory sub-unit of the complex. This provides evidence of an additional mechanism by which MAPK pathway regulates mTORC1. We next performed a proteomic screen to identify novel mTOR-regulated factors that actively participate in translation. This approach led to the identification of several candidate proteins which included the RNA-binding protein LARP1 that we found to be a major effector of mTORC1-mediated mRNA translation, cell growth and proliferation. Finally we investigated the impact of oxidative stress on translation inhibition and found that the JNK kinase controls 4E-T localization in P-bodies that are cytoplasmic granules containing non-translating mRNAs and proteins from the mRNA decay and silencing machineries. Together this work provides important novel insights into the regulation of mRNA translation and protein synthesis that represent processes strongly connected to tumorigenesis and brings precious information on the mechanisms by which signaling pathways control cell growth and proliferation.
Maachi, Hasna. "Étude de la voie de signalisation du facteur de croissance épidermique HB-EGF et de son récepteur dans la cellule β-pancréatique". Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24854.
Pełny tekst źródłaType 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. T2D occurs when β cells become unable to increase their functional mass in order to compensate for insulin resistance. The identification of molecules capable of stimulating β-cell replication to preserve their functional mass would therefore be of major therapeutic interest. We previously established a model of nutrient excess in which we observed an increase in β-cell proliferation associated with enhanced expression of the growth factor "heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor" (HB-EGF). The objective of the work presented in this thesis was to test the hypothesis that HB-EGF stimulates both rodent and human β-cell proliferation and to identify the underlying mechanisms. In a first study, we demonstrated ex vivo that HB-EGF stimulates pancreatic β-cell proliferation of isolated rat and human islets by activating EGFR. We also demonstrated that glucose, an important mitogen of the β cells, requires the activation of this HB-EGF-EGFR signaling pathway, ex vivo and in vivo in an infused rat model, to stimulate β-cell replication. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that glucose promotes HB-EGF gene expression via the ChREBP transcription factor and EGFR activation via a protein from the Src kinase family. Since adult human β cells tend to be refractory to proliferation, it is essential to confirm the findings obtained in rodents in human tissues. In isolated human islets, we confirmed the mitogenic action of HB-EGF but we were unable to detect a consistent stimulation of human β-cell proliferation in response to glucose. Our second study therefore consisted in identifying the most appropriate technique to measure human β-cell proliferation. We systematically compared proliferation levels measured by flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry in intact and dispersed human islets. We tested three mitogenic factors: glucose, HB-EGF and harmine. We observed that HB-EGF and harmine stimulate non-β cells and β-cell proliferation regardless of the method used. In contrast, the mitogenic action of glucose is variable depending on the method used. In conclusion, we first demonstrated that the mitogenic effect of glucose in β cells requires the activation of the HB-EGF-EGFR signaling pathway. Then we demonstrated that assessment of human β cell proliferation by flow cytometry offers several advantages over the use of immunohistochemical methods.
Fortier, Marie-Hélène. "Développement de méthodes analytiques pour la protéomique et l'identification de peptides MHC I issus de cellules leucémiques". Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6563.
Pełny tekst źródła