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Song, Ke Dong, Peng Fei Wen, Tian Qing Liu, Li Li Jiang i Guan Yu Mei. "Fabrication, Surface Modification and Analysis of Biocompatibility of Biologic Chitosan Scaffold". Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (marzec 2008): 654–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.654.
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In this study, the surface modification and biocompatibility of the biologic chitosan scaffold were investigated. The chitosan scaffold with excellent reticular structure was attained after being purified, emulsionized, cross-linked, molded and freeze-dried step by step by using the native materials, coming from such as lobster shell, crab shell etc.. After that, its surface modification was operated with film coating by using gelatin. Then the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) derived from New Zealand rabbits were used as the seed cells and were inoculated onto the modified biologic chitosan scaffolds at 3×105 cells/ml to investigate the biocompatibility and bone conductive efficiency of this kind of scaffold in static culture for one week. As a control, the cell suspensions with same densities were inoculated onto the chitosan scaffold without being treated. During the whole culture process, the cellular adherence and expansion were observed under inverted microscope. After culture, the biological properties of the fabricated cell-scaffold tissues were detected by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and HO/PI fluorescent double staining. The results showed that the biologic chitosan scaffold treated with gelatin or rat-tail collagen promoted a higher adhesion and proliferation of BMSCs in comparison to the untreated samples. Besides, the BMSCs within the treated scaffold were more regular and well-distributed than those in untreated one. It is concluded that this kind of surface modification can be used to change the physicochemical properties of chitosan scaffold. The improved biologic chitosan scaffold is suitable to be an ideal biomedical scaffold for tissue engineering.
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Burn, P. J. "POLYIMIDE (MP-1) AS A BEARING IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY: RESULTS OF THE FIRST 100 CASES". Orthopaedic Proceedings 105-B, SUPP_2 (luty 2023): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2023.2.090.
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Polyimide (MP-1, MMATech, Haifa, Israel), is a high performance aerospace thermoplastic used for its lubricity, stability, inertness and radiation resistance. A wear resistant thin robust bearing is needed for total hip arthroplasty (THR).After independent laboratory testing, in 2006, the author used the material as a bearing in two Reflection (Smith and Nephew, USA) hip surgeries. The first, a revision for polyethylene wear, survives with no evidence of wear, noise, new osteolysis or complications related to the MP-1 bearing after 16 yrs. The second donated his asymptomatic MP-1 hip at 6.5yrs for post-mortem examination. There were no osteoclasts, cellular reaction bland in contrast to that of polyethylene.In 2013 a clinical study with ethical committee approval was started using a Biolox Delta (Ceramtec, Germany) head against a polyimide liner in 97 patients. MMATech sold all liners, irradiated: steam 52:45. Sixteen were re-machined in New Zealand. Acetabular shells were Delta PF (LIMA, Italy). The liner locked by taper.The cohort consisted of 46:51 M:F, and ages 43 to 85, mean 65. Ten received cemented stems. For contralateral surgery, a ceramic or polyethylene liner was used. Initial patients were lower demand, later, more active patients, mountain-biking and running.All patients have on-going follow up, including MP-1 liner revision cases. There has been no measurable wear, or osteolysis around the acetabular components using weight-bearing radiographs. Squeaking within the first 6 weeks was noted in 39 number of cases and subtle increase in palpable friction, (passive rotation at 50 degrees flexion), but then disappeared. There were 6 revisions, four of which were related to cementless Stemsys implants (Evolutis, Italy) fixed distally with proximal linear lucencies in Gruen zones 1 and 7, and 2 and 6. No shells were revised and MP-1 liners were routinely changed to ceramic or polyethylene. The liners showed no head contact at the apex, with highly polished contact areas.There were no deep or superficial infections, but one traumatic anterior dislocation at 7 years associated with 5 mm subsidence of a non-collared stem.The initial squeaking and increased friction was due to the engineering of the liner / shell composite as implanted, not allowing adequate clearance for fluid film lubrication and contributed to by shell distortion during impaction. The revised bearings were “equatorial” rather than polar, and with lack of wear or creep this never fully resolved. Where the clearance was better, function was normal. The “slow” utilization was due to my ongoing concern with clearances not being correct. The revision of 4 Stemsys stems, tribology issues may have contributed, but non “MP-1” / Stemsys combinations outside this study have shown the same response, thought to be due to de-bonding of the hydroxyapatite coating.With correct engineering and clearances, a 3.6 mm thick MP-1 bearing, a surface Ra<0.5, steam sterilized, shows no appreciable wear, and with confidence, can be used as a high performance THR bearing.
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JPT staff, _. "E&P Notes (March 2021)". Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, nr 03 (1.03.2021): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0321-0014-jpt.
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KrisEnergy Pumps Cambodia’s First Crude in 17 Years A Cambodian concession has commenced production after years of delays in a venture between Singapore’s KrisEnergy and the government. The crude comes from oil fields in Block A, comprising 3083 km2 of the Khmer basin in the oil-rich Gulf of Thailand, off the southwestern coast of Sihanoukville. The concession will progress in phases once new wells are commissioned and completed. Kelvin Tang, chief executive of KrisEnergy’s Cambodian operations, called the 29 December event “an important strategic milestone” for the company, while Prime Minister Hun Sen hailed the first extraction as “a new achievement for Cambodia’s economy” and “a huge gift for our nation.” Ironbark Australian Exploration Well Declared Dry; Co-Owner Stocks Plummet BP has come up dry at its Ironbark-1 exploration well, the anticipated multi-trillion-scf prospect off the west Australian Pilbara coast. The disappointing prospect was once seen as a potential gas supplier to the emptying North West Shelf (NWS) LNG plant, where BP is a co-owner, within 5 to 10 years. After 2 months of drilling to a total depth of 5618 m, “no significant hydrocarbon shows were encountered in any of the target sands,” according to co-owner New Zealand Oil and Gas (NZOG). Petrorecôncavo Buys Petrobras’ Onshore Bahian Stake for $30 Million Brazilian operator Petrobras on 23 December signed a contract with independent producer Petrorecôncavo to sell its entire stake in 12 onshore E&P fields, the Remanso Cluster, in the state of Bahia. The sale value for the fields was $30 million; $4 million was paid on signing, $21 million at the closing of the transaction, and $5 million will be paid 1 year after that. The Remanso Cluster comprises the onshore fields of Brejinho, Canabrava, Cassarongongo, Fazenda Belém, Gomo, Mata de São João, Norte Fazenda Caruaçu, Remanso, Rio dos Ovos, Rio Subaúma, São Pedro, and Sesmaria. Zion Spuds the Israeli Megiddo-Jezreel #2 Well On 6 January, Zion Oil and Gas officially spudded the MegiddoJezreel #2 on its 99,000acre MegiddoJezreel license area in Israel. “With unique operating conditions in the COVID19 environment, our crews have performed an amazing task,” Zion CEO Robert Dunn said. “Mobilizing a rig into a new country during a pandemic and rigging up is the most challenging part of the drilling operation,” Zion’s vice president of operations, Monty Kness, added. Exxon Declares a Dud at Second Guyana Well Exxon Mobil said on 15 January that its exploration well in the prolific Stabroek Block off Guyana’s coast did not find oil in its target area. Exxon, which operates the Stabroek Block in a consortium with Hess and China’s CNOOC, has made 18 discoveries in the area in 5 years, totaling more than 8 billion BOE, for a combined potential for producing up to 750,000 B/D of crude. The Hassa1 exploration well was the giant’s second setback to its drilling campaign in recent months. Heirs Holdings Buys 45% of Shell Nigeria’s OML 17 Field Shell Nigeria announced on 15 January it had completed a $533 million sale of its stakes in an onshore OML 17 oil field in Nigeria to African strategic investor Heirs Holdings, Nigeria’s largest publicly listed conglomerate. The deal is one of the largest oil and gas financings in Africa in more than a decade, with a financing component of $1.1 billion provided by a consortium of global and regional banks and investors. Heirs Holdings, in partnership with Transcorp, one of the largest power producers in Nigeria with 2000 MW of installed capacity, purchased 45% stake in the field. It acquired the stakes of Shell, Total, and Eni to further its expansion into the oil and gas industry. Apex Discovers Oil in Egypt’s Western Desert Privately held independent E&P firm Apex International Energy, backed in part by UK energy investment firm Blue Water Energy, on 18 January announced a discovery in the Southeast Meleiha Concession (SEM) in the western desert of Egypt. The discovery was made at the SEMZ-11X well located 10 km west of Zarif field, the nearest producing field. The well was drilled to a total depth of 5,700 ft and encountered 65 ft of oil pay in the Cretaceous sandstones of the Bahariya and Abu Roash G formations. Testing of the Bahariya resulted in a peak rate of 2,100 B/D with no water. Additional uphole pay exists in the Bahariya and Abu Roash G formations that can be added to the production stream in the future. Kosmos Announces Oil at Winterfell Well Dallas-based E&P independent Kosmos Energy announced on 19 January an oil discovery in deepwater US Gulf of Mexico. The Winterfell discovery well, the product of infrastructure-led exploration (ILX), was drilled to a total depth of approximately 23,000 ft and is located in approximately 5,300 ft of water. This subsalt Upper Miocene prospect in off-shore Louisiana encountered approximately 85 ft of net oil pay in two intervals. ILX exploration, which has featured prominently in upstream operators’ portfolios in recent years of relatively low oil prices, is exploration around producing hubs that can be hooked up to those facilities easily and cheaply. The development sidesteps the need for costly and time-consuming individual hub construction. Equinor Gets Permit To Drill North Sea Wildcat Well The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate has granted Equinor a drilling permit for wildcat well 31/11-1 S in the North Sea offshore Norway, 62 km south of the Troll field. The drilling program is the first exploration well to be drilled in production license 785 S, awarded on 6 February 2015 (APA 2014). Operator Equinor and Total E&P Norge are 50/50 partners in the license, which consists of parts of Blocks 26/2 and 31/11. Petrobras, ExxonMobil Hit Hydrocarbons at Urissanê Well, Offshore Brazil Brazilian state-owned Petrobras announced on 29 January it had discovered hydrocarbons in a well located in the Campos Basin presalt off Brazil’s coast of Campos dos Gotyacaze in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Well 1-BRSA-1377-RJS (informally called Urissanê) is located in Block C-M-411, at a depth of 2950 m approximately 200 km offshore. Petrobras, which operates the block in a 50/50 partnership with Exxon Mobil, said it would analyze the well data to better target exploratory activities and assess the potential of the discovery. BP Offloads 20% Share of Oman’s Block 61 To PTTEP Marking another significant step in its divestment program, BP will sell a 20% participating interest in Oman’s 3950 km2 Block 61 in central Oman to Thailand’s national PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP) for $2.59 billion. BP will remain operator of the block, holding a 40% interest. The sale comprises $2.45 billion payable on completion and $140 million payable contingent on preagreed conditions. After the sale, BP will hold 40% interest in Block 61, while OQ holds 30%, PTTEP 20%, and Petronas 10%. Block 61 contains the largest tight gas development in the Middle East.
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Hurst, Sam, i Ed Vos. "New Zealand CEO compensation factors". Corporate Ownership and Control 6, nr 4 (2009): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv6i4p5.
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This paper analyses a combination of factors to try and determine whether they explain CEO compensation, and in turn help determine what makes the board of directors more effective. Factors include busy boards, local or international board members, dependent and not independent board members, director’s pay and tenure variables. Of the new and old factors considered in this approach and using a sample size of 31 NZ firms over the 2006/2007 years, a correlation existed between firm size/firm performance and CEO compensation. Further distinctions in regards to busy boards showed no significant relationship to CEO compensation, differing from previous studies, and casting doubt on whether it matters how busy the board is. Also the locality of the board was not a determining factor in CEO compensation.
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Wellalage, Nirosha Hewa, i Stuart Locke. "CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN NEW ZEALAND FIRMS". Journal of Business Economics and Management 14, nr 5 (6.11.2013): 852–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2012.680605.
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The current study aims to empirically explore the relationship between firm characteristics, corporate governance and capital structure in New Zealand's large listed companies. Eight years of data for 40 firms listed on the NZX50 Stock Exchange, are collected and observations are analysed using a conditional quantile regression. This study finds firm-specific characteristics rather than corporate governance variables play a significant role in determining firm leverage levels. The results indicate that finance policies need to vary across firm type and firm characteristics, and should match with the different borrowing requirements of listed firms.
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Uddin Bhuiyan, Md Borhan, i Ahsan Habib. "Determinants of nomination committee: New Zealand evidence". Corporate Board role duties and composition 7, nr 2 (2011): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbv7i2c1art5.
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A sizable volume of corporate governance literature documents that an independent and competent board of directors matter for organizational success. In order to function effectively, board comprises of different sub-committees and the three most common sub-committees are audit committees, compensation committees and nomination committees. Surprisingly, there is a paucity of research in understanding the determinants of nomination committee notwithstanding the importance of an independent nomination committee in board selection process. We contribute to the nomination committee literature by investigating the factors associated with the determination of nomination committees in New Zealand. We find that cross-sectional variation in the firm-specific characteristics affect the existence of nomination committees. This finding casts doubt on the „one-size-fits all‟ approach of corporate governance. Our logistic regression of the nomination committee determinants indicates that firm size, governance regulation and busy directors are positively associated with the existence of nomination committees, whereas firm leverage, controlling shareholders, and director independence are negatively related to the formation of nomination committees.
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TAMÁSY, CHRISTINE, i RICHARD LE HERON. "THE GEOGRAPHY OF FIRM FORMATION IN NEW ZEALAND". Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 99, nr 1 (luty 2008): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.2008.00438.x.
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Nakatani, Ryota. "Firm performance and corporate finance in New Zealand". Applied Economics Letters 26, nr 13 (listopad 2018): 1118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2018.1539805.
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Bhabra, Gurmeet Singh. "Insider ownership and firm value in New Zealand". Journal of Multinational Financial Management 17, nr 2 (kwiecień 2007): 142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mulfin.2006.08.001.
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Chen, Chen, David K. Ding i William R. Wilson. "The Old Boys Club in New Zealand Listed Companies". Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, nr 8 (22.07.2021): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14080342.
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The board of directors plays an important role in implementing corporate governance in the firm, as directors have a fiduciary duty to the firm’s shareholders. The effectiveness of directors is a key determinant of corporate value and they need to bring a range of skills and experience to the boardroom. This skill and experience cannot be developed solely within the firm, and most boards incorporate non-executive directors who are or have been directors of other firms. Current research on the benefits of interlocking directorships is mixed between the claim that they bring outside feedback to the table and open decision makers’ minds, and those who think outside directors are a waste of money and can reduce company performance. This paper investigates the extent of interlocking directorship in New Zealand and how it affects corporate performance. Our findings of largely no significant impact on firm performance are consistent with the management control theory of director interlocks; the exceptions support the class hegemony theory that links interlocking directorship with a negative firm performance.
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McFadgen, B. G., i M. R. Manning. "Calibrating New Zealand Radiocarbon Dates of Marine Shells". Radiocarbon 32, nr 2 (1990): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200040194.
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Radiocarbon activity of 11 modern marine shell samples from the New Zealand region is enhanced compared with the surface layers of the average world ocean. The measured enhancement, δR, is equivalent to −31 ± 13 years. On this basis, the Institute of Nuclear Sciences will now use a value of −30 years in reporting calibrated ages for marine shell samples.
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Kraiger, Nicholas, i Warwick Anderson. "Characteristics of New Zealand dividend omissions and resumptions". Managerial Finance 46, nr 1 (31.10.2019): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-01-2019-0039.
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Purpose For firms listed on the New Zealand Stock Exchange, which is a relatively thinly traded market, the purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of stock returns associated with a dividend omission announcement when computations specifically address thin trading, and whether specific firm characteristics affect the likelihood and nature of a dividend omission. Design/methodology/approach First, event study analysis is used to check if dividend omissions actually do impact share prices in terms of short-term abnormal returns and longer-term cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) in a thinly traded market. Second, binomial logistic regression analysis is used to determine what, if any, company characteristics are associated with the decision to omit a dividend. Third, multinomial logistic regression analysis is employed to determine what firm characteristics are associated with continuing (or ending) a phase of no dividends before a dividend resumption. Findings Dividend omissions generate immediate negative abnormal returns, and there is a longer-term persistence of negative CARs. The size and duration of these abnormal returns are smaller, but still significant, when thin-market-specific methodology is employed. With respect to firm characteristic, smaller firms, firms with decreased earnings, a higher level of extraordinary charges, greater leverage and firms with a higher book-to-market value are associated with a greater likelihood of making an omission. With respect to the length of time between an omission and resumption of dividend payments, earnings decreases, a higher book-to-market value, a higher level of extraordinary charges and a decrease in firm debt level become significant. Originality/value This paper adds value in two dimensions. First, it considers dividend omissions in three different, but inter-connected ways. Second, the use of multinomial logistic regression to examine an aspect of the non-payment hiatus breaks new ground.
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Li, Michelle, i Helen Roberts. "Does mandated independence improve firm performance? Evidence from New Zealand". Pacific Accounting Review 30, nr 1 (5.02.2018): 92–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-01-2017-0004.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between board independence and firm performance for publicly listed New Zealand (NZ) firms over the period 2004-2016. Design/methodology/approach To address endogeneity concerns, the relationship between firm performance and board independence is modelled using three different approaches: firm fixed-effect estimation, difference-in-difference estimation and two-stage least squares estimation, while controlling for firm and governance characteristics. Findings The main finding is that the mandated board independence introduced by the Best Practice Code does not improve operating or market performance for listed NZ firms. Research limitations/implications The fact that NZ firms choose greater board independence than required is puzzling. Research examining director characteristics and connectedness, not captured by the NZX Code, may be a fruitful area for future research when disclosure allows. Practical implications Regulators may need to review reasons for mandating changes in factors affecting firm governance before implementing further regulations concerning board structure. Social implications The findings cast doubt on the benefit of mandated board independence for NZ firms. The results imply that “good” governance practices proposed by regulators are not universal. Originality/value This paper tests the impact of mandated board independence following the adoption of the Best Practice Code in 2004 using methodologies that account for endogeneity using 13 years of data.
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Boone, Nicholas, Sisira Colombage i Abeyratna Gunasekarage. "Block shareholder identity and firm performance in New Zealand". Pacific Accounting Review 23, nr 2 (13.09.2011): 185–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01140581111163999.
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Mackenzie, Rebecca, Ben Kelleher i Ed Vos. "New Zealand takeover evidence: firm characteristics and payment method". Managerial Finance 26, nr 10 (październik 2000): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03074350010766936.
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Drew, Michael E., Alastair Marsden i Madhu Veeraraghavan. "Does Idiosyncratic Volatility Matter? New Zealand Evidence". Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 10, nr 03 (wrzesień 2007): 289–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091507001070.
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Standard asset pricing models ignore idiosyncratic risk. In this study, we examine if idiosyncratic or unique risk affects returns for New Zealand stocks using the factor portfolio mimicking approach of Fama and French (1993, 1996). We find evidence of a negative relationship between firm size and a stock's idiosyncratic volatility. We also find that high idiosyncratic volatility firms have high betas and generate low earnings on book equity.
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Chen, Jianguo, Dar-Hsin Chen i Ping He. "Corporate governance, control type, and performance: the New Zealand story". Corporate Ownership and Control 5, nr 2 (2008): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv5i2p3.
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This study investigates the ownership structure of New Zealand non-financial companies in terms of both ownership and management control and examines the effect of ownership structure on corporate governance and firms’ performance. The Berle and Mean’s hypothesis of separation of ownership and control does not find support in New Zealand. Further analysis tests the proposition that the diffusion of corporate ownership has allowed corporate managers to pursue goals other than profit maximization. The findings do provide evidence of a non-monotonic relation between managerial shareholdings and firm performance. This result indicates the complex nature of the relationship between ownership structure and firm value.
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Li, Hao, Nuttawat Visaltanachoti i Robin H. Luo. "Foreign Currency Derivatives and Firm Value: Evidence from New Zealand". Journal of Financial Risk Management 03, nr 03 (2014): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jfrm.2014.33010.
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Cox, Noel. "New Zealand and Covid-19: a swift and firm response". Round Table 109, nr 3 (21.04.2020): 332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2020.1757287.
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Massey, Claire, Kate Lewis, Virginia Warriner, Candice Harris, David Tweed, Jo Cheyne i Alan Cameron. "Exploring Firm Development in the Context of New Zealand SMEs". Small Enterprise Research 14, nr 1 (styczeń 2006): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/ser.14.1.1.
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Chen, Jianguo, Dar-Hsin Chen i Huimin Chung. "Corporate control, corporate governance and firm performance in New Zealand". International Journal of Disclosure and Governance 3, nr 4 (grudzień 2006): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jdg.2040082.
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Hewa Wellalage, Nirosha, i Stuart Locke. "Impact of ownership structure on capital structure of New Zealand unlisted firms". Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 22, nr 1 (16.02.2015): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-09-2011-0004.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use a panel of New Zealand unlisted firms from 1998 to 2009 to examine the relationship between ownership structure and firm leverage ratios. Although, the choice of the debt in capital structure is important for all firms, the scale effects may influence the degree of influence of particular financial theories upon capital structure. Design/methodology/approach – To control the endogeneity effect of insider ownership, this study uses the dynamic panel generalised method of moment estimation and uses the Granger causality test to check the causality effect of leverage and insider ownership. Findings – The findings suggest an inverse U-shape relationship of insider ownership and leverage, indicating higher insider ownership increases management entrenchment while lower insider ownership increases misalignment of the interests of management and owners. Moreover, this study finds bi-directional causation between insider ownership and firm leverage ratios. Practical implications – Finance policy needs to vary across firm type, industries and firm characteristics and should match the different borrowing requirements of small business. Originality/value – This paper contributes to literature by investigating whether the structure of equity ownership can impact cross-sectional variations in capital structure. Moreover, most of the capital structure research has been conducted in large markets like USA and publicly listed firms but this paper concentrates on the evidence from New Zealand unlisted businesses. Also, the econometric analysis is more robust due to controlling for the endogeneity effect of insider ownership.
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PILATO, GIOVANNI, i OSCAR LISI. "Macrobiotus rigidus sp. nov., new species of eutardigrade from New Zealand". Zootaxa 1109, nr 1 (17.01.2006): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1109.1.5.
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Macrobiotus rigidus sp. nov. is a new species of eutardigrade from New Zealand very similar to M. coronatus de Barros, 1942. It is characterized by having a smooth cuticle, lacking eye spots, having three macroplacoids and a microplacoid, and eggs with conical processes (with reticular sculpture and an evident ring of basal digitations) and egg shell with dots that seem to continue the basal digitations.
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Saleh, Mofreh F. "Development of New Fatigue Model for New Zealand Dense Graded Hot Mix Asphalts". Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (marzec 2014): 747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.747.
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The Mechanistic empirical pavement design method for flexible pavements is based on modelling certain modes of failures for different pavement materials. In the Australian and New Zealand guidelines, the mechanistic empirical pavement design is based on modelling fatigue and permanent deformation as the two major modes of failures. The Austroads guidelines use the Shell fatigue performance transfer function to model the fatigue behaviour of asphalt mixes. In this research, the fatigue behaviour of different mixes AC10, AC14 and AC20 with different types of binders 80/100 and 60/70 was thoroughly investigated. The Shell model significantly underestimated the measured fatigue life for all mixes. A wide range of properties of the examined mixes was considered; percent of air voids ranges from 1.2% to 11.4%, binder content (at optimum, ± 0.5 from optimum), and the flexural modulus ranges from 1600 to 4576 MPa. A new fatigue model was developed at the University of Canterbury. The Canterbury model was based on the bending beam fatigue results of 78 beams tested at constant strain mode at different strain levels range from 300 to 600 microstrains. The new model provides a much better matching to the measured data with no observed bias and it accounts for percentage of air voids in the total mix and the effective binder content instead of the total binder content that is currently included in the Shell Model.
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Pontawe, Reagan J., James K. Carson, James T. Agbebavi, David Klinac i Janis E. Swan. "Osmotic Dehydration of New Zealand Chestnuts with and without Shell and Pellicle". International Journal of Food Engineering 12, nr 1 (1.02.2016): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2014-0244.
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Abstract Osmotic dehydration offers an alternative to air-drying for reducing moisture content at ambient temperature. Of four different solutes investigated, 22% (mass basis) sodium chloride (NaCl) and 60% (mass basis) sucrose solutions were the most successful, with each achieving approximately a 10% reduction in wet basis moisture content after 8 h without significant detrimental side effects, although NaCl solutions cause noticeable darkening in the pits on the surface of the chestnuts. The presence of the shell and pellicle did not significantly affect the dehydration rate. Osmotic dehydration by NaCl or sucrose prior to mechanical shell removal produced a small increase in efficiency of the shell removal process.
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REISCH, MARC. "ENERGY New Zealand firm intends to convert carbon monoxide to ethanol". Chemical & Engineering News 85, nr 18 (30.04.2007): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v085n018.p009a.
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Beverland, Mike, i Lawrence S. Lockshin. "A Stage Model of Small Firm Development in New Zealand Wineries". Small Enterprise Research 8, nr 2 (6.01.2000): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/ser.8.2.85.
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Tong, Sodany. "Managerial quality, firm performance, technical efficiency and productivity in New Zealand". Journal and proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 153, nr 2 (grudzień 2020): 226–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.361945.
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Salloum, P. M., P. de Villemereuil, A. W. Santure, J. M. Waters i S. D. Lavery. "Hitchhiking consequences for genetic and morphological patterns: the influence of kelp-rafting on a brooding chiton". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 130, nr 4 (18.06.2020): 756–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa073.
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Abstract Onithochiton neglectus is a morphologically variable, brooding chiton inhabiting coastal reefs throughout New Zealand and its Sub-Antarctic Islands. Southern O. neglectus populations are typically associated with buoyant kelp (Durvillaea spp.) and are potentially connected via kelp-rafting. Northern O. neglectus populations are less likely to raft, due to lower numbers of Durvillaea in northern New Zealand. To test for the impact of kelp-rafting on the spatial distribution of variation in O. neglectus, we undertook a combined analysis of morphological and genetic variation across the range of the species. Geometric morphometrics were used to assess shell shape. We detected a northern vs. southern split in shell shape, corresponding to the frequency of the O. neglectus/Durvillaea spp. association. To assess O. neglectus genetic patterns across New Zealand, we estimated phylogenetic trees with nuclear (ITS) and mitochondrial (COI and 16S) markers, which revealed distinct northern and southern lineages, and an additional lineage in central New Zealand. Neither the morphological nor genetic groups match existing O. neglectus subspecies, but are concordant with the patterns of association of O. neglectus with Durvillaea. We suggest that shell shape may be linked to O. neglectus’ regionally variable ecological association with kelp holdfasts.
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Koerniadi, Hardjo. "Impact of Corporate Governance on Financial Practices of New Zealand Companies". Applied Finance Letters 2, nr 2 (30.11.2013): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/afl.v2i2.14.
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This study examines the effects of firm level corporate governance on financing policiesof New Zealand firms. Using a unique self-constructed corporate governance index andemploying the methodology of Fama and French (1999) of financing of firms, we can reportthat firms with weak corporate governance generally issue more debt and have significantlyhigher cost of capital than do firms with strong governance. It is further observed thatcorporate governance does not have significant impact on dividend policy in New Zealand.
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Higham, T. F. G., i A. G. Hogg. "Radiocarbon Dating of Prehistoric Shell from New Zealand and Calculation of the δr Value Using Fish Otoliths". Radiocarbon 37, nr 2 (1995): 409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200030885.
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We calculated a new ∆R for New Zealand waters using14C dates of historic shell previously presented by McFadgen and Manning (1990), and fish otoliths dated by Kalish (1993). We obtained a new estimate of −25 ± 1514C yr. To test the accuracy of this value for correcting conventional14C marine ages, we dated shell of a variety of different species excavated at the prehistoric site of Shag Mouth, North Otago. We compared the results with a pooled mean date for terrestrial samples and calculated a local ∆R value that we found statistically indistinguishable from the new ∆R estimate for New Zealand.
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Perkins, S. E., J. C. Murphy i J. Alroy. "Eosinophil Granulocytic Sarcoma in a New Zealand White Rabbit". Veterinary Pathology 33, nr 1 (styczeń 1996): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589603300113.
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An 18-month-old New Zealand White rabbit developed a rapidly growing firm perianal mass. Within 2 months, the mass increased in size from 4.0 × 2.0 cm to 7.5 × 7.0 × 3.5 cm. Cut surfaces of the mass were white to yellow with foci of hemorrhage. Histopathologic examination revealed neoplastic granulocytes that invaded the dermis of the overlying skin, subcutaneous tissue, and the regional skeletal muscle. The tumor was comprised of myeloid cells with large eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules that had the histochemical and ultrastructural features of eosinophils. This is the first report of an eosinophil granulocytic sarcoma in lagomorphs.
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Bhuiyan, Md Borhan Uddin, i Jamal Roudaki. "Related party transactions and finance company failure: New Zealand evidence". Pacific Accounting Review 30, nr 2 (3.04.2018): 199–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-11-2016-0098.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the existence of related party transactions (RPTs) in failed financial companies in New Zealand when firms have interlocking directors on the board. We also examine the role of auditors in the review of RPTs. We anticipate that inter-company director relationships promote RPTs, while reputable large auditors (i.e. Big4) restrict the practice. Design/methodology/approach This study uses multivariate analysis to examine the determinants of RPTs. We use an unique, hand-collected database of New Zealand finance companies all of which collapsed during the years 2006-2011. Findings Using a sample of 65 firms (including 38 failed finance firms) and 219 firm-year observations, we found that almost half of the failed finance firms were engaged in RPTs. For the failed firms, those that were engaged in RPTs were mostly represented by interlocking directors and were audited by non-Big4 auditors, implying lower monitoring quality may facilitate RPTs. Using a sub-sample, we also found evidence that firms engaged in RPTs were later convicted of questionable accounting and disclosure practices. Practical implications This research is beneficial to regulators and audit professionals in understanding the potential for adverse outcomes associated with interlocking directors and undisclosed RPTs. While interlocking directors could enrich the external connections of a firm which might facilitate capital resourcing, this study suggests regulators might encourage firms to disclose RPTs when the firm has higher interlocked directors. Originality/value This study is the first to examine the association between RPTs and interlocking directors using a sample of failed finance companies. RPTs and lack of disclosure were widely attributed with being the determinants of corporate failure in the finance sector. However, failed finance firms remain widely under-researched because of a lack of available data. This study circumvent this limitation by using print media and business news portals to collate information on RPTs and interlocking directors. While prior research indicates that weak corporate governance leads to poor accounting practice, using the interlocking board as a proxy for weak corporate governance, this study is the first to substantiate the adverse effect of interlocking boards and undisclosed RPTs with corporate failure.
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Haar, Jarrod, Anja Schmitz, Annamaria Di Fabio i Urs Daellenbach. "The Role of Relationships at Work and Happiness: A Moderated Moderated Mediation Study of New Zealand Managers". Sustainability 11, nr 12 (22.06.2019): 3443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123443.
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Interpersonal relationships at work are important especially for the well-being of employees. The present study tests Positive Relational Management (PRM) and its influence on employee happiness, and we include two firm-level moderators and an individual-level mediator to better understand the potential complexity of effects. Importantly, we test this in the context of New Zealand, which has been under-represented in employee studies of happiness and is important due to a growing national interest in wellbeing. We test whether positive relationships at work shape greater meaningful work (MFW) and this then influences happiness and mediates the effects of PRM. We also include Human Capital (the quality of people inside the firm) and firm size as moderators and combine these all to test a moderated moderated mediation model in PROCESS. We test this on a sample of 302 New Zealand managers with time-separated data. We confirm the dimensionality and reliability of the PRM scale and find it is positively related to MFW and happiness, while MFW fully mediates the direct effect of PRM. We find interaction effects including a moderated moderated mediation effect, with the indirect effect of PRM differing depending on firm size and the strength of human capital. The implications for understanding the importance of relationships on employee happiness is discussed.
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Lewis, Kate, i Claire Massey. "Critical yet invisible: the “good wife” in the New Zealand small firm". International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 3, nr 2 (28.06.2011): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17566261111140198.
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Bayfield, Rachel, Leo Paul Dana i Samuel Stewart. "Firm characteristics and internationalisation strategies: an empirical investigation of New Zealand exporters". International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business 3, nr 3 (2009): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgsb.2009.024571.
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Chan, Kenny Ka Yin, Li Chen i Norman Wong. "New Zealand State-owned enterprises: is state-ownership detrimental to firm performance?" New Zealand Economic Papers 52, nr 2 (5.01.2017): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00779954.2016.1272626.
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Kayani, Umar Nawaz, Tracy-Anne De Silva i Christopher Gan. "Working Capital Management and Firm Performance Relationship: An Empirical Investigation of Australasian Firms". Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 23, nr 03 (18.08.2020): 2050026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091520500265.
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This paper examines the empirical relationship between working capital management (WCM) and firm performance (FP) for Australasian publicly listed firms. Australia and New Zealand are attractive investment destinations due to their business friendly environments. The past two decades have seen increased academic attention in studies linking WCM and FP across various parts of globe. The empirical relationship between WCM-FP has not been sufficiently examined in regards to Australian and New Zealand firms. This study measures the role of WCM during the 2008 global financial crisis in both Australia and New Zealand firms. This study uses System General Method of Moments to address the endogeneity problem in order to reduce the possibility of biased results. The results show that WCM has a significant relationship with FP. More specifically, the Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC) and the Inventory Conversion Period (ICP) exhibit negative relationships with FP indicating that a reduction in the CCC and the ICP help to improve FP in Australasian firms. However, in the case of the Average Collection Period (ACP) and the Average Payment Period (APP), the results vary between both countries. In Australia, the ACP has no significant relationship, whereas APP has a positive relationship. This is contrary in the case of New Zealand firms. Another important finding is that firms in both markets were relatively efficient collecting their receivables during the 2008 global financial crisis period. These findings provide new empirical evidence that WCM matters for improving FP in Australasian firms.
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Anderson, Hamish D. "Discounted Private Placements in New Zealand: Exploitation or Fair Compensation?" Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 09, nr 04 (grudzień 2006): 533–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091506000859.
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Market commentators have suggested that New Zealand's lax private placement and disclosure regulation allows private placement purchasers to immediately sell discounted shares without disclosing these transactions to the market. However, New Zealand firms with the deepest discounts tend to have higher risks, lower returns and higher costs associated with evaluating firm value. Therefore, the possibility that deep discounts may simply represent adequate compensation for the extra risk and cost private placement purchasers incur cannot be ruled out. In this respect private placement purchasers in New Zealand take on the role and risks associated with investment banker and underwriter.
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FISHER, JIM, C. KIRK i D. TAYLOR. "R&D ACTIVITIES OF NEW ZEALAND FIRMS BY SIZE". Journal of Enterprising Culture 03, nr 01 (marzec 1995): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495895000027.
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Most companies recognise that it is essential that they engage in Research and Development activities. In 1988/89 however New Zealand stood 17 on a list of 23 OECD countries with only 0.98 percent of its GDP allocated to R&D. This article describes a recent study of the R&D activities of 89 small, medium, and large New Zealand firms, which indicated that a number of significant differences exist between the R&D policies and practices of each type of firm. It would appear that numbers of small/medium sized New Zealand firms, and even some large firms, do not recognise the importance of investing in R&D in tighter economic times as well as in times of economic expansion. If the competitive position of New Zealand industry is to be improved R&D management must become more aware of the activities of the competition, and perhaps focus on process development and the acquisition of innovative technology from abroad.
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Hallak, Rob, Craig Lee i Ilke Onur. "Examining healthy beverages in the hospitality industry: evidence from Australia and New Zealand". British Food Journal 122, nr 2 (11.12.2019): 365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-05-2019-0324.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on a study that examines the sale and provision of healthy beverages across four sectors of the hospitality industry: restaurants, cafes, pubs and quick-service/takeaways. Specifically, the research investigates perceptions of demand for healthy products, challenges to distribution and strategies for increasing supply. In addition, business managers’ attitudes and behaviours with regard to offering healthy beverages, including probiotic beverages (i.e. kombucha, kefir, etc.), are explored, as these are among the fastest growing drinks category. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected in 2018 through 400 telephone interviews with hospitality business managers from Australia (n=250) and New Zealand (n=150). Data were analysed through SPSS and Stata using descriptive statistics and Probit regression, with a binary outcome variable of “sell/ do not sell” probiotics to consumers. Findings Results suggest that the business’ decision to sell healthy beverages is influenced by perceptions of consumer demand, profit margins, shelf life of the products and if locally produced. Originality/value The findings from this exploratory study present new insights on how hospitality firms respond to consumer demand for healthy options, and the factors influencing their decision to incorporate healthier beverages in their menus.
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Malone, Chris B., Hamish Anderson i Peng Cheng. "Firm size and the political cycle premium". Managerial Finance 41, nr 10 (12.10.2015): 1077–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-03-2014-0083.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use firm-level data to examine whether the political cycle differentially relates to small vs large firms in New Zealand; a country that operates a unicameral political system has a short three-year political term and a right-of-centre stock market premium exists. Design/methodology/approach – Using firm-level data from 1972 to 2010, the authors examine monthly returns during right-of-centre National governments and left-of-centre Labour governments. The authors apply Santa Clara and Valkanov (2003) regression analysis approach to examine the political cycle impact on firm returns. Findings – Like in the USA, New Zealand’s political cycle premium is driven by small firms; however, the results are opposite. In New Zealand, periods governed by the right of the political spectrum produce significantly higher stock returns than those from the left and this finding is primarily driven by small firms who perform particularly poorly under left-of-centre governments. Research limitations/implications – Small firms were relatively heavily affected by the move to an open, deregulated economy; they were also less able to cope with tight monetary conditions, and periods of sharply falling inflation. New Zealand’s three-year political term may encourage newly formed governments to implement relatively fast moving shifts in policy where a more reasoned and steady approach would be warranted. Originality/value – This is the first paper to use firm-level data outside of the USA to examine the political cycle impact.
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Chin, Trevor, Ed Vos i Quin Casey. "Levels of ownership structure, board composition and board size seem unimportant in New Zealand". Corporate Ownership and Control 2, nr 1 (2004): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv2i1p9.
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The relationship between firm performance and board composition, size and equity ownership structure are investigated in this paper for a sample of 426 annual observations of New Zealand firms across a five-year period. No statistically significant relationships could be found. These results are consistent with several previous studies and cast doubt on agency explanations used to relate board ownership to corporate performance. This may be due to endogenous factors or due to the small size of the New Zealand pool of corporate directors.
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Jiang, Haiyan, i Ahsan Habib. "Ownership concentration, free cash flow agency problem and future firm performance: New Zealand evidence". Corporate Ownership and Control 9, nr 3 (2012): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i3art8.
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This study seeks to empirically examine the effect of ownership concentration on mitigating free cash flow agency problem in New Zealand. Following Jensen’s (1986) argument that managers have incentives to misuse free cash flows, this study tests whether concentrated ownership structure helps alleviate such a problem or exacerbates it. A natural consequence of this agency problem will be overinvestment and other operational inefficiencies which are likely to have a detrimental impact on firms’ future performance. The second objective of this paper is to examine the association between FCFAP conditional on ownership concentration on future firm performance. We measure free cash flow agency problem as the product of positive free cash flows and growth opportunities proxied by Tobin’s Q and find that financial institution-controlled ownership structure in New Zealand is positively associated with free cash flow agency problem. We also document that free cash flow agency problem conditional on ownership concentration negatively affects future firm performance.
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BUCKERIDGE, JOHN S. "Two new species and a new subspecies of Tetraclitella (Cirripedia: Thoracica) from the Cainozoic of Australia and New Zealand and a consideration of the significance of tubiferous walls". Zootaxa 1897, nr 1 (10.10.2008): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1897.1.4.
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A tubiferous cirripede Tetraclitella judiciae sp. nov., previously known only from two isolated and incomplete shell wall plates identified as Tetraclitella sp. cf. T. purpurascens (Wood, 1815), is described from the early Miocene of Victoria, Australia; a further taxon, Tetraclitella purpurascens miocenica subsp. nov., occurs in the late Miocene-Pliocene of Victoria, and specimens from the early Miocene of New Zealand, previously recorded as Tetraclitella sp. cf. T. purpurascens (Wood, 1815) are redesignated as Tetraclitella nodicostata sp. nov. Tetraclitella is the first cirripede genus known to have had tubiferous walls. Incorporation of chitinous stringers within the shell wall of early tetraclitids (e.g. Epopella) may have facilitated the development of the tubiferous shell wall, which permitted sessile barnacles to maximise the shell strength to calcite ratio: in doing so, these chitinous stringers not only reduced the diversion of energy required to extract calcium carbonate from seawater, but improved the effectiveness of the shell wall in resisting predators. It is also argued here that the presence of chitin within the shell increased resistance to both corrasion and corrosion, the latter becoming an increasing problem for calcareous shelled organisms following a drop in the pH of seawater after the PalaeoceneEocene Thermal Maximum.
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Deakins, David, Martina Battisti, Alan Coetzer i Hernan Roxas. "Predicting Management Development and Learning Behaviour in New Zealand SMEs". International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 13, nr 1 (luty 2012): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ijei.2012.0060.
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Despite concern on the part of policy makers to raise managerial capability in SMEs, there is little evidence on the key drivers of owner-manager participation in management development programmes. The authors argue that such participation is poorly understood. The paper develops a predictive model of the drivers of participation in sources of learning by owner-managers. It tests a theoretical model, based on the small firm as a learning organization, which posits that participation is driven by owner-managers' learning orientation and the extent of their belief in self-improvement. The implications of the results are discussed in light of the provision of management development programmes.
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GORDON, DENNIS P. "New Hippothoidae (Bryozoa) from Australasia". Zootaxa 4750, nr 4 (13.03.2020): 451–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4750.4.1.
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The diversity of Hippothoidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) in New Zealand is increased from 12 named species to 17 and the number of genera from three to five. New species are recognised in the genera Antarctothoa, Hippothoa, Jessethoa n. gen. and Neothoa (newly discovered in New Zealand waters). A new species of Plesiothoa from New South Wales is also described. Collectively, the new taxa encrust a range of substrata (a catenicellid bryozoan, brown and red macroalgae, rock and mollusc shell). The status of two existing species is changed—Hippothoa divaricata pacifica Gordon, 1984 is raised to full species, and Hippothoa watersi Morris, 1980 is used for putative Hippothoa flagellum in New Zealand. New data are given for these species and Hippothoa peristomata Gordon, 1984, and little-known Antarctothoa buskiana (Hutton, 1873) and Antarctothoa cancer (Hutton, 1873) are illustrated by scanning electron microscopy for the first time.
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Higham, T. F. G., i W. J. Gumbley. "Early preserved Polynesian kumara cultivations in New Zealand". Antiquity 75, nr 289 (wrzesień 2001): 511–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00088694.
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Archaeological evidence for prehistoric gardening practices in Polynesia includes stone boundary walls, storage pits and structures, drainage systems and evidence for the modification of soil, but often the remains of horticultural practise are ephemeral. Maori developed a range of novel modifications to their traditional horticultural methods which enabled the successful introduction of the range of Polynesian cultigens into the temperate New Zealand environment, the furthest southwards these crops were introduced. They modified the soil by adding charcoal, shell and alluvial gravels to change the friability and temperature retention, and stored tubers in semi-subterannean pits for the next growing season (Jones 1991: 14–8; Challis 1976). Here, we report what we believe is the first direct archaeological evidence for the actual layout of prehistoric kumara gardens in New Zealand. Our interpretation receives support from the accounts of early Europeans in New Zealand, including Joseph Banks and William Colenso.
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Baker, Robert A., i Timothy W. Willcox. "Australian and New Zealand Perfusion Survey: Equipment and Monitoring". Journal of ExtraCorporeal Technology 38, nr 3 (wrzesień 2006): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ject/200638220.
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The current practice of perfusion in Australia and New Zealand continues to adopt new techniques and procedures into clinical practice. Our aims were to report current practice in 2003 and to compare and contrast current practice with historic practice. A total of 62 centers (40 perfusion groups) performing procedures using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were identified and were e-mailed a detailed electronic survey. The survey was comprised of an excel worksheet that contained 233 single answer questions (either dropdown lists, yes/no, true/false, or numeric) and 12 questions that allowed the respondent to provide a commentary. Respondents were instructed to answer all questions based on what represented the predominant practice of perfusion in their institutions during 2003. We report an 89% response rate representing a caseload of 20,688 adult cases. These data allowed us to profile the following. A standard adult CPB setup in 2003 consisted of a membrane oxygenator (100% of cases), a roller pump (70%) as the main arterial pump, although a centrifugal pump would be considered for selected procedures (30%), a circuit incorporating a hard-shell venous reservoir (86%), and a mixture of biocompatible and nonbiocompatible circuit components (66%). The circuit would include a pre-bypass filter (88%), an arterial line filter (94%), and would allow monitoring of the following: hard-shell venous reservoir low level (100%) with servo-regulation of the arterial pump (85%), microbubble alarm (94%) with servo-regulation of the arterial pump (79.5%), arterial line pressures (100%) with servo-regulation of the arterial pump (79%), inline venous O2 saturation (100%), and inline hematocrit (58%). Perfusion practice in Australia and New Zealand has adopted changes over the last decade; however, some areas of practice show wide variation. This survey provides a baseline of contemporary practice for Australian and New Zealand perfusionists.
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Parsons, G. A. "The Construction of Shell Shock in New Zealand, 1919-1939: A Reassessment". Social History of Medicine 26, nr 1 (3.09.2012): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hks055.
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