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Ready, Jonathan L. Shared Similes in the Homeric Epics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802556.003.0006.
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Our Homeric poets strove to display their competence by doing what their predecessors and peers did. To discover the shared similes in the Iliad and the Odyssey, the chapter first reviews the (nearly) verbatim short vehicle portions and similar long vehicle portions found (a) in the Iliad and Odyssey or (b) in the Iliad or Odyssey and in other archaic Greek hexameter poems or lyric poems. The chapter then discusses “scenarios” to get at the mental templates underlying many of our Homeric poets’ vehicle portions, templates that reveal the extent of their use of shared vehicle portions. By linking this model of scenarios with an approach from cognitive linguistics known as Frame Semantics, one can detect the ease with which a Homeric poet learned the scenarios. Our poets’ demonstrations of their use of shared elements also comes to the fore when one examines their similes as two-part equations, each composed of a tenor and a vehicle.
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Spooner, Susan Hauff. ADOPTION OF SHARED LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT AND HEALTH CARE EMPLOYEES' MENTAL MODELS. 1996.
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Hemmelgarn, Anthony L., i Charles Glisson. Introducing the ARC Organizational Strategies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190455286.003.0004.
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This chapter describes the ARC model of three core strategies for developing effective human service organizations. These include (1) embedding guiding organizational principles, (2) providing organizational component tools for identifying and addressing service barriers, and (3) developing shared mental models. ARC’s strategies provide the tools and the reasoning to guide behaviors and processes among organizational members that ensure improved service quality and outcomes. These strategies are reviewed as part of ARC’s orchestrated and structured process to improve OSC (i.e., the cultures and climates that influence attitudes, decision making and behavior in organizations). The chapter identifies mechanisms of change that highlight the alignment of organizational priorities with the ARC principles, fostering relationships that provide availability, responsiveness, and continuity, as well as developing innovation capacity to adopt new technologies and approaches.
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Svrakic, Dragan M., i Mirjana Divac Jovanovic. The Fragmented Personality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190884574.001.0001.
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This book pioneers a new model of personality disorder primarily intended to serve mental health professionals, those already in practice and equally those in training. In contrast to the static concepts of mental normalcy and pathology, the presented nosology is dynamic (accounts for the reversibility of mental functioning) and personalized, context- and time sensitive. In a 3D diagnostic cylinder, the coordinates cross match the person’s common level of mental functioning (vertical diagnosis) with his or her behavior style (horizontal diagnosis) at a point in space and a unit of time, giving the clinician precise milestones to monitor changes in diagnosis and progress in therapy. The central problem with persons suffering from personality disorder does not rest in their extreme behaviors but rather underneath the surface, in the fragmented substrate of personality (a core deficit sine qua non shared by all individual variants), while extreme behaviors merely represent variable compensatory strategies. Based on this model, mechanism-based treatments are outlined: reconstructive interpersonal psychotherapy (a novel, integrative, transtheoretical approach which relies on psychoanalytic and humanist traditions) and mechanism-based pharmacotherapy of neurobiological vulnerabilities associated with excessive temperament traits.
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Benning, Tony. Mental Disorder and Transformation. Redaktorzy John R. Peteet, Mary Lynn Dell i Wai Lun Alan Fung. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681968.003.0017.
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Throughout history and in all the world’s major faith traditions, it has been noted that conversion and other important spiritual and religious experiences may share or have features that overlap with signs and symptoms of psychiatric illness. William James, especially in The Varieties of Religious Experience, contributed significantly to the understanding of this overlap. The aim of this chapter is to explore the ethical and clinical dilemmas that arise when clinicians attempt to negotiate the seemingly conflicting imperatives of diagnosing on the one hand and of being open to the transformational significance of mental illness on the other. This is achieved by presenting three clinical cases from the author’s community psychiatric practice and analyzing them through the lens of Jonsen’s Four Quadrants Model for ethical case analysis.
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Hemmelgarn, Anthony L., i Charles Glisson. Building Cultures and Climates for Effective Human Services. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190455286.001.0001.
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This book explains how organizational culture and climate affect the quality and outcomes of human services and describes the Availability, Responsiveness, and Continuity (ARC) model of organizational effectiveness that the authors developed for improving social service, behavioral health, health care, and other human service organizations. The authors summarize decades of practice and research experience, including organizational improvement efforts, randomized controlled trials, and nationwide studies with hundreds of human services organizations. The book provides a balance between the use of empirical data and applied examples in explaining how human services can be improved. By combining numerous case examples and experiential knowledge with decades of organizational research, readers learn about empirically proven approaches tested in real organizations that are supported with case examples of organizational change. The book explains that creating the organizational social contexts necessary for providing effective services requires three types of organizational strategies. These strategies include organizational tools for identifying and addressing service barriers, principles for aligning organizational priorities to guide improvement, and the development of shared mental models among organizational members to support the principles and tools.
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Fulford, K. W. M., Sarah Dewey i Malcolm King. Values-Based Involuntary Seclusion and Treatment. Redaktorzy John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford i Werdie (C W. ). van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732372.013.28.
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This chapter gives a reflective account of a values-based model of involuntary psychiatric seclusion and treatment (henceforth “involuntary treatment”) adopted in the training materials produced by the UK government to support implementation of its Mental Health Act 2007 and associated Code of Practice. Values-based involuntary treatment supports balanced decision-making on individual cases within a framework of shared Guiding Principles. A critical factor in developing the model was partnership between stakeholders representing the plurality of value perspectives embodied in the Guiding Principles. Values pluralism however has not been widely reflected in practice. Possible reasons for this include a fault-line in values-based practice. This has been focused on individual decision-making whereas the decisive influences on involuntary treatment have turned out to be social and political. Broadening the philosophical resources of values-based practice to include those of political philosophy may contribute to the development of more effective approaches to values-based involuntary treatment.
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Fulford, K. W. M., Lu Duhig, Julie Hankin, Joanna Hicks i Justine Keeble. Values-Based Assessment in Mental Health. Redaktorzy John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford i Werdie (C W. ). van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732372.013.18.
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This chapter describes philosophical and empirical work underpinning recent developments in values-based mental health assessment culminating in the 3 Keys to a Shared Approach, a UK-based project co-produced between service users and providers. Three aspects of values-based mental health assessment are described: person-centered, multidisciplinary, or strengths-based assessment. The central role of values in person-centered assessment is shown through the story of a real (biographically disguised) person and the interpretation of his story drawing on diagnostic manuals such as the DSM. Philosophical value theory suggests that values in psychiatric diagnosis reflect the diversity of our values as unique individuals. This diversity is addressed by values-based practice. The contribution of multidisciplinary teamwork to values-based assessment is then outlined as derived from the Models Project. Finally, the 3 Keys Project is described, concluding by pointing to the wider significance of the Project for mental health practice as a whole.
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Rouse, William B. Computing Possible Futures. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846420.001.0001.
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This book discusses the use of models and interactive visualizations to explore designs of systems and policies in determining whether such designs would be effective. Executives and senior managers are very interested in what “data analytics” can do for them and, quite recently, what the prospects are for artificial intelligence and machine learning. They want to understand and then invest wisely. They are reasonably skeptical, having experienced overselling and under-delivery. They ask about reasonable and realistic expectations. Their concern is with the futurity of decisions they are currently entertaining. They cannot fully address this concern empirically. Thus, they need some way to make predictions. The problem is that one rarely can predict exactly what will happen, only what might happen. To overcome this limitation, executives can be provided predictions of possible futures and the conditions under which each scenario is likely to emerge. Models can help them to understand these possible futures. Most executives find such candor refreshing, perhaps even liberating. Their job becomes one of imagining and designing a portfolio of possible futures, assisted by interactive computational models. Understanding and managing uncertainty is central to their job. Indeed, doing this better than competitors is a hallmark of success. This book is intended to help them understand what fundamentally needs to be done, why it needs to be done, and how to do it. The hope is that readers will discuss this book and develop a “shared mental model” of computational modeling in the process, which will greatly enhance their chances of success.
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Castle, David J., Peter F. Buckley i Fiona P. Gaughran. Physical Health and Schizophrenia (Oxford Psychiatry Library). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198811688.001.0001.
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The association between mental health and physical health forms the core of this book. While it is recognized that serious mental illnesses such as schizophrenia carry a reduced life expectancy, it is often assumed that suicide is the main cause of this disparity. But in actuality, suicide accounts for no more than a third of the early mortality associated with schizophrenia: the vast majority is due to cardiovascular factors. This book seeks to put this stark fact in context, detailing the extent of cardiovascular risk, sharing information regarding reasons for this excess, and outlining approved approaches for screening for and treatment of such risk factors in people with schizophrenia. As such, this book seeks to inform those caring for people with schizophrenia of these parameters and suggests ways in which they may be addressed, using a holistic model which embraces shared decision-making and which is compatible with the recovery framework. It provides guidance regarding monitoring as well as information about focused interventions that can help ameliorate risk. It also addresses those physical health factors apart from cardiovascular, that add to the burden of ill health amongst people with schizophrenia: pulmonary health, bone health, sexual health, and cancer risk are just some of these. In addition, the book provides patient and carer information material that can be used to try to ensure that all involved have a truly informed role in decision-making about their treatment and that both psychiatric and physical health issues are taken seriously.
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Amos, Claire, i Grant Gillett. The Discourse of Clinical Ethics and the Maladies of the Soul. Redaktorzy John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford i Cornelius Werendly van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732365.013.38.
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Discursive ethics focuses on the positioning of people in situations that validate certain constructions (such as mental disorder, individual dysfunction, the biological basis of psychiatric conditions). The soul (or psyche) results from disciplines that have shaped a person’s experience and are inscribed in their body, thought and behavior in terms of such constructions. A discursive critique examines the relationship between such constructions, a marginalized or suffering soul, and the clinical situations into which they enter. Psychiatric narratives begin with “detection” pathways shaped by the biomedical model. They create “docile bodies,” the workings of which are considered to be evident to experts as the patient and their clinical journey become subject to disciplines that may be alien to their own politico-aesthetic project, creating discursive situations that can all-too-easily silence the voice of suffering and what it is trying to say. However, patients and clinicians can work together within a responsive mode of ethics - one which generates a powerful, co-constructed conception of health, ethical truth, and justification.
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Ehrenreich-May, Jill, i Sarah M. Kennedy, red. Applications of the Unified Protocols for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197527931.001.0001.
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The Unified Protocols for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents (UP-C and UP-A) are evidence-based, transdiagnostic intervention programs that target core emotion regulation processes that may be shared across varying presentations of internalizing distress or disorders in youth. Given their popular transdiagnostic and modular structures, the UP-C and UP-A have quickly been disseminated and implemented with a variety of populations and in differing treatment settings. This volume aims to aid UP-C and UP-A therapists in understanding varied applications and modifications of these approaches and assist them in applying such in their own practice. To that end, chapters are offered on not only standard UP-C and UP-A research and practice but also applications for youth with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, tic-related concerns, substance use, serious mental illness, and eating disorders. Structural modifications to the UP-C and UP-A using a stepped care model and when delivering care in pediatric or community practice settings and in differing cultures or languages are also discussed. To aid in their use, each chapter includes a brief, user-friendly description of the modifications or adaptations of the UP-C and/or UP-A that are described therein.
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Burns, Tom, i Mike Firn. Service planning. Redaktorzy Tom Burns i Mike Firn. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754237.003.0028.
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This chapter aims to guide practitioners and managers in setting up and reviewing community outreach services for people with severe mental illness from a non-technical service planning perspective. Examples of different service configurations within a comprehensive local system are given, with some observations on their relative merits and drawbacks from evaluations. Service models and structures are important for providing a framework for delivering quality care, yet from the perspective of the service user, many of these service details—integrated care, specialization, caseload size, staffing mix, ownership of beds, and degree of shared caseload—are invisible. For people with severe mental health problems, patients and carers value the principles of good community-based care, such as access, responsiveness, consistency, and continuity.
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Faregh, Neda, i Jeffrey L. Derevensky. Prevention of Impulse Control Disorders. Redaktorzy Jon E. Grant i Marc N. Potenza. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195389715.013.0139.
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There is currently no unifying model of prevention for all impulse control disorders. As with many other mental health problems, individuals with impulse control disorders frequently share a host of comorbid disorders with common antecedents, symptoms, and risk factors. It is argued that a comprehensive approach to the prevention of impulse control disorders rests in the adoption of a general mental health prevention framework associated with other psychiatric disorders. Specific programs currently available for the prevention of impulse control disorders are discussed. The adoption of prevention programs targeting multiple and general risk behaviors and the promotion of programs that enhance protective factors leading to resiliency for children and adolescents are advocated. Universal prevention programs designed to enhance self-regulation and promote positive development are presented within a risk protection framework.
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Sica, Emanuele. A Prelude to Full Occupation. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039850.003.0005.
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This chapter focuses on the city of Menton, a small area occupied by the Italian Army from 1940 to 1942. Menton became the primary locus of the Italianization campaign, which mirrored the Germanization efforts carried out in Alsace-Lorraine. The forced Italianization encompassed education and religion, but also touched other aspects of daily life in Menton. The chapter shows how Italy’s unofficial annexation of the area became controversial as Italian military authorities clashed with the country’s civil servants who endeavored to make Menton a city model of the new Fascist region. It also considers the entente between Italian soldiers and the French populace and the Italian authorities’ implementation of a more nuanced approach to the local population of Menton. It suggests that the failure of the Italianization campaign in Menton probably shaped the Italian military occupation policy of November 1942.
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Auyoung, Elaine. Enduring Minds in Austen. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190845476.003.0003.
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This chapter draws on social psychological models of impression formation to show how Pride and Prejudice enables readers to acquire uncommonly durable mental models of its characters. This makes it possible to explain why Jane Austen’s readers have sometimes claimed that even flat characters devoid of psychological complexity can seem as lifelike and familiar as actual friends. The chapter also presents a new way to account for another distinctive feature of Austen’s reception history, which is the tendency for fans of Austen’s novels to display a possessive desire for friendship with the author herself. From a sociolinguistic perspective, Austen’s ironic, impersonal, and indirect style of narration permits readers to feel as if they share private rapport with the implied author.
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Textor, Mark. Brentano's Mind. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199685479.001.0001.
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Brentano is one of the ‘grandfathers’ of philosophy of mind. His work influenced analytic philosophers like Russell and Chisholm as well as phenomenologists like Husserl and Sartre and continues to shape debates in the philosophy of mind. Brentano made intentionality a central topic in the philosophy of mind by proposing that ‘directedness’ is the mark of the mental. The book’s first part investigates Brentano’s intentionalism and attempts to improve or develop it. I argue that there is no plausible version of this doctrine and reject it in favour of a mark of the mental proposed by Brentano’s student Husserl: mental phenomena have no appearances. The book’s second part develops and defends Brentano’s metaphysics of awareness. Awareness of a mental activity and this mental activity are not distinct mental acts, the first representing the second. They are one and the same activity directed on several objects. Brentano’s basic insight is that intentionality is plural: directedness is always directedness on some objects. I will assess Brentano’s arguments for this view and argue that the plural conception of intentionality solves thorny problems about perceptual consciousness (II.1). I will go on to articulate Brentano’s distinction between awareness and observation in the proposed framework (II.2). In the next part (II.3) I use enjoying an activity as a model for awareness of it and explore the intentionality and nature of pleasure. The book’s final part (II.4) extends the plural view to the conscious mental life of a thinker at a time (the unity of synchronic consciousness): it is one mental act with many objects.
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Fulford, K. W. M., Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini i Tim Thornton. Introduction. Redaktorzy K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini i Tim Thornton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0054.
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This section concerns the question of how best to understand the scientific status of mental health care in general and psychiatry in particular. On the assumption that psychiatry is based, in part at least, on natural science, what is the nature or the general shape of that science? Some of the chapters aim at shedding light on component parts of a scientific world view: causation, explanation, natural kinds, models of medicine, etc. Others concern potentially fruitful scientific approaches to mental health care, drawing on brain imaging results, phenomenology, enactivism and what can be learnt from debate of the status of psychoanalysis. One overall lesson is that twenty-first-century psychiatry needs twenty-first-century philosophy of science.
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Brandt, Kenneth K. “Never Had Much Difficulty”. Redaktor Jay Williams. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199315178.013.5.
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As editor, mentor, and friend, Macmillan President George P. Brett had the single most significant influence on American writer Jack London’s professional publishing career. This essay explores how their partnership developed into one of the model editor-writer duos of the twentieth century putting them in the company of Maxwell Perkins and his authors. It examines the Brett and London’s correspondence regarding the editing, content, and publication of The People of the Abyss, The Iron Heel, The Road, Martin Eden, The Cruise of the Snark and other works. Brandt also highlights the significance of Brett and London’s shared interests—agriculture, arboriculture, travel, and the West.
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Bybee, Joan L. Usage-based Theory and Exemplar Representations of Constructions. Redaktorzy Thomas Hoffmann i Graeme Trousdale. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195396683.013.0004.
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This chapter outlines a view of Construction Grammar in which the mental grammar of speakers is shaped by the repeated exposure to specific utterances, and in which domain-general cognitive processes such as categorization and cross-modal association play a crucial role in the entrenchment of constructions. Under this view, all linguistic knowledge is viewed as emergent and constantly changing. The chapter emphasizes that the process of chunking along with categorization leads to the creation of constructions. It also provides semantic/pragmatic and phonetic arguments for exemplar representation and a discussion of the role of type and token frequency in determining the structure of the schematic slots in constructions, as well as the productivity of constructions.
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Van Dijk, Teun A. Ideology and Discourse. Redaktorzy Michael Freeden i Marc Stears. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.007.
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This chapter focuses specifically on the neglected discursive and cognitive dimensions of the theory of ideology, as part of Critical Discourse Studies (CDS). Ideologies are defined as basic shared systems of social cognitions of groups. They control group attitudes (e.g. about immigration, abortion, divorce, etc.) and mental models of group members about specific events and experiences. Polarized (Us versus Them) ideological representations and their categories (identity, actions, goals, norms/values, reference groups, and resources) control all levels of ideological discourse (topics, lexicon, meanings, interaction, etc.). The overall strategy of ideological discourse is the enhancement of Our Good Things, and Their Bad Things, and the Mitigation of Our Bad Things and Their Good Things, at all levels of discourse structure—the so-called Ideological Square. A debate in British Parliament on Asylum Seekers is used as an illustration of the theory.
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Hemmelgarn, Anthony L., i Charles Glisson. Results-oriented versus Process-oriented Human Service Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190455286.003.0010.
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This chapter explains the ARC principle of being results oriented versus process oriented. The results-oriented principle requires that human service organizations evaluate performance based on how much the well-being of clients improves. The principle addresses deficits in service caused by the conflicting priority of evaluating performance with process criteria such as the number of clients served, billable service hours, or the extent to which bureaucratic procedures such as the completion of paperwork are followed. Results-oriented organizations are described in detail, including case examples from decades of organizational change efforts by the authors in human service organizations. The chapter documents the importance of results-oriented approaches and underlying implicit beliefs to help the reader understand how mindsets and mental models shared among organizational members influence results-oriented approaches and effectiveness in practice. Supporting research, including feedback and goal-setting research are highlighted.
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Paletz, Susannah B. F., Ivica Pavisic, Ella Miron-Spektor i Chun-Chi Lin. Diversity in Creative Teams. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190455675.003.0008.
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This chapter synthesizes literature on multidisciplinary and multicultural creative teams. We examine the main similarities and differences between cultural and disciplinary diversity; summarize the primary, relevant theories; describe the extant literature on the relationship between team diversity and creativity, information sharing, conflict, and other factors; and point out gaps in the literature and potential future work. Diversity can benefit creativity if the underlying breadth of perspectives is harnessed, but the relationship between diversity and creativity is a complex and heavily moderated one. This chapter integrates recent advances, such as multilevel theory, the importance of shared mental models, and different aspects of creativity. In addition, this chapter highlights the importance of faultlines, or when multiple types of diversity align within the same team. Future research should take a broader systems perspective, examining factors such as type and degree of diversity, context of the team, and time/group development, among other variables.
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Aschieri, Filippo, Francesca Fantini i Justin Dean Smith. Collaborative/Therapeutic Assessment. Redaktor Sara Maltzman. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199739134.013.23.
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The Collaborative/Therapeutic Assessment (C/TA) paradigm represents a significant shift from the traditional aims and techniques of psychological assessment. C/TA deliberately employs a variety of evidence-based techniques intended to maximize the potential that the process of assessment will result in meaningful therapeutic benefits for clients. The empirical support for the effectiveness of the C/TA approach is promising and demonstrates direct intervention effects on such indicators as self-esteem and symptomatology, as well as improvements in constructs and processes salient to continued psychological care, including the therapeutic alliance, treatment readiness, and distress. C/TA has also been shown to increase participation and retention in subsequent indicated mental health services for populations that traditionally are difficult to engage. This chapter describes the history and evidence-based theory behind C/TA approaches; describes the steps and procedures of the semi-stuctured Therapeutic Assessment model, and presents a thorough discussion of the application of a variety of therapeutic techniques (e.g., circular questioning, scaffolding, psychoeducation, shame modulation, mentalizing) in the context of the C/TA paradigm that increase the likelihood that assessment will result in clinically relevant outcomes. These techniques are applied in a variety of therapy models in psychology but have only recently been explicitly used in the context of psychological assessment for adults, couples, and families with children or adolescents.
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Berrios, German E. History and epistemology of psychopathology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198725978.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 addresses how, whether as a general concept or as a feature of psychiatry, ‘change’ remains difficult to define because its meaning is parasitical upon metaphysical categories such as object, event, property, and time. It might be more practical to explore it in relation to specific ontological regions (e.g., physics, biology, and sociology). The biological and social sciences (both relevant to psychiatry) countenance change. The targets of change in psychiatry remain its epistemological structure and its objects. Change can be explored transepistemically by comparing historical narratives of madness or intraepistemically, by detecting variations within a given narrative (e.g., religious, social, or neurobiological). These studies can be value-neutral or value-laden (the latter can be redefined ‘change’ as ‘progress’). ‘Change’ can be accounted for by the Cambridge model of symptom formation. According to this, mental symptoms are events resulting from configuratory action undertaken by sufferers to make sense of (often) distressing information invading their awareness. This information can be biological signals (released by a distressed brain networks) or symbols (resulting from social interaction or personal reflection). Configurators (personal, sociocultural, dialogical, etc.) shape this inchoate information into effable experiences. Due to biological mutation or social change affecting the configurators, mental symptoms are liable to change in time. Hence, the objects of psychiatry are not eternal and will be replaced in the future.
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Caracciolo, Marco. Degrees of Embodiment in Literary Reading. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190457747.003.0002.
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This chapter surveys some of the key issues in the study of embodiment in literary reading. Recent research in psycholinguistics has called attention to the role of motor resonance and experiential models in understanding language—two psychological mechanisms often brought together under the heading of “embodied simulation.” How does literary reading, and particularly reading literary narrative, leverage these embodied phenomena? Does embodiment always matter in reading or only in specific circumstances? Building on linguist David Ritchie’s scalar account of embodied simulation, and using Bret Easton Ellis’s American Psycho as a case study, this chapter distinguishes among various types of embodied involvement and shows how they shape the experience of reading Ellis’s novel. It also draws attention to the question of consciousness, calling for empirical research on the interplay between unconscious processes and lived experience (mental imagery, bodily feelings, etc.) in engaging with literary narrative.
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Aufderheide, Dean. Communication in correctional psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0009.
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When the competing cultures and communication styles of correctional and health care professionals clash, communication is compromised and the potential for problems and unwanted outcomes is compounded. Notwithstanding the inherent cultural differences among interdisciplinary staff, effective communication in a correctional setting is especially challenging for psychiatrists. Whether transitioning from the protective structure of a residency, or moving from a private practice or other mental health setting, psychiatrists working in a jail or prison will likely experience their new environment as replete with competing interests and priorities. Also, unlike in a health care setting, where physicians are at the top of the hierarchy, psychiatrists working in a jail or prison are further down the organizational hierarchy. It is in such an environment that it becomes critically important for psychiatrists to develop communication strategies that are successful in creating effective and sustainable working relationships not only with patients, but also with the facility’s leadership, security staff, treatment team members, and other interdisciplinary staff. This chapter will discuss ways in which psychiatrists play a critical role in mission requirements that necessitate effective communication skills with interdisciplinary staff in jails and prisons. From identifying the variables in the correctional culture that shape communication to improving interdisciplinary collaboration, this chapter will explore the ways in which correctional psychiatrists can model effective communication styles and strategies that enhance professional credibility and improve treatment outcomes.
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Hamkins, SuEllen. The Art of Narrative Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199982042.001.0001.
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Narrative psychiatry empowers patients to shape their lives through story. Rather than focusing only on finding the source of the problem, in this collaborative clinical approach psychiatrists also help patients diagnose and develop their sources of strength. By encouraging the patient to explore their personal narrative through questioning and story-telling, the clinician helps the patient participate in and discover the ways in which they construct meaning, how they view themselves, what their values are, and who it is exactly that they want to be. These revelations in turn inform clinical decision-making about what it is that ails them, how they'd like to treat it, and what recovery might look like. The Art of Narrative Psychiatry is the first comprehensive description of narrative psychiatry in action. Engaging and accessible, it demonstrates how to help patients cultivate their personal sources of strength and meaning as resources for recovery. Illustrated with vivid case reports and in-depth accounts of therapeutic conversations, the book offers psychiatrists and psychotherapists detailed guidance in the theory and practice of this collaborative approach. Drawing inspiration from narrative therapy, post-modern philosophy, humanistic medicine, and social justice movements - and replete with ways to more fully manifest the intentions of the mental health recovery model - this engaging new book shows how to draw on the standard psychiatric toolbox while also maintaining focus on the patient's vision of the world and illuminating their skills and strengths. Written by a pioneer in the field, The Art of Narrative Psychiatry describes a breadth of nuanced, powerful narrative practices, including externalizing problems, listening for what is absent but implicit, facilitating re-authoring conversations, fostering communities of support, and creating therapeutic documents. The Art of Narrative Psychiatry addresses mental health challenges that range from mild to severe, including anxiety, depression, despair, anorexia/bulimia, perfectionism, OCD, trauma, psychosis, and loss. True to form, the author narrates her own experience throughout, sharing her internal thoughts and decision-making processes as she listens to patients. The Art of Narrative Psychiatry is necessary reading for any professional seeking to empower their patients and become a better, more compassionate clinician.
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Shaikan, Valentyna, i Andrii Shaikan. Complicity and collabortionism in Ukraine of 1939-1945: reasons, typical and special demonstrations. OKTAN PRINT, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46489/ccu19391945-01.
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The authors examined in complex the reasons, the typical and special demonstrations of such difficult appearances-phenomena as complicity and collaborationism on the territory of the Reich Commissariat "Ukraina" and the zone of the military Hitler administration in the years of the Second World War in their work; the problem is investigated on the basis of the significant amount of the poorly-known or the unknown for the researchers archival documents of the Ukrainian archives' storehouses, at the historical-philosophical and social-psychological level; grasping the idea of the complex social processes, the authors tried to define the water-parting between the demonstrations of the spontaneous or the organized population's self-activity of the occupied territories, the conscious, the voluntary and the forced collaboration with the occupants, showed the motivation of the behavior's different models at the individual and group (collective) levels. New is the positing and interpreting of the problem as the strategy of people survival on the extreme conditions of war. The authors made the typology of different demonstrations of collaboration and complicity in dependence on the specific conditions, the character of the occupation regime, the mental and the moral-psychological factors, ect. The reply to such sharp and touchy questions as, in the first turn, the survival strategy of the Ukrainian population during the Hitler occupation, the activity of the military-political structures, the characteristic features and peculiarities of the social-economic, cultural and religious life, the character of the international relations, the activity of the Ukrainian social-political institutions at the beginning of war and others, in the authors' opinion, will help in creation of the objective and complete picture of the Second World War.
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Medicare: Shared systems policy inadequately planned and implemented : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1992.
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