Artykuły w czasopismach: „Shared cognition”

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Cannon-Bowers, Janis A., i Eduardo Salas. "Reflections on shared cognition". Journal of Organizational Behavior 22, nr 2 (2001): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.82.

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Tomasello, Michael, Malinda Carpenter, Josep Call, Tanya Behne i Henrike Moll. "Understanding and sharing intentions: The origins of cultural cognition". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, nr 5 (październik 2005): 675–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05000129.

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We propose that the crucial difference between human cognition and that of other species is the ability to participate with others in collaborative activities with shared goals and intentions: shared intentionality. Participation in such activities requires not only especially powerful forms of intention reading and cultural learning, but also a unique motivation to share psychological states with others and unique forms of cognitive representation for doing so. The result of participating in these activities is species-unique forms of cultural cognition and evolution, enabling everything from the creation and use of linguistic symbols to the construction of social norms and individual beliefs to the establishment of social institutions. In support of this proposal we argue and present evidence that great apes (and some children with autism) understand the basics of intentional action, but they still do not participate in activities involving joint intentions and attention (shared intentionality). Human children's skills of shared intentionality develop gradually during the first 14 months of life as two ontogenetic pathways intertwine: (1) the general ape line of understanding others as animate, goal-directed, and intentional agents; and (2) a species-unique motivation to share emotions, experience, and activities with other persons. The developmental outcome is children's ability to construct dialogic cognitive representations, which enable them to participate in earnest in the collectivity that is human cognition.

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McNeese, Michael D., Elena Theodorou, Lori Ferzandi, Tyrone Jefferson i Xun Ge. "Distributed Cognition in Shared Information Spaces". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, nr 3 (wrzesień 2002): 556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204600371.

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This study examined higher order perception, cognition, and individual-cultural differences as a basis for the rapid use of knowledge in complex problems requiring distributed team members. Previous research suggests that when complex problem-solving teams acquire perceptually anchored knowledge and engage in perceptual contrasts and comparisons, team members may spontaneously access knowledge given similarly situated problems. Our premise is that perceptual anchors may provide the basis for formulating shared mental models, which can be used to assess situations and resolve differences in individual, unique knowledge. However, distributed cognition settings may diminish the development of these models despite the advantages of perceptual anchors. Because distributed cognition often incurs through shared information spaces, this study utilized chatrooms to enact a distributed environment. Initial analyses partially support previous research (McNeese, 2000) that has examined the role of cognitive processes in facilitating knowledge acquisition and transfer. Individual problem solvers show positive transfer but distributed team members do not. Gender and ethnicity may also impact acquisition and transfer results. Results suggest the need for intelligent interfaces/collaborative technologies to improve effectiveness and efficiency in appropriating perceptual differentiation in distributed cognition.

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Maltseva, Kateryna. "Bridging sociology with anthropology and cognitive science perspectives to assess shared cultural knowledge". Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing, stmm 2020 (1) (16.03.2020): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/sociology2020.01.108.

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Following the cognitive revolution of the 1960s, cultural variation in behavior and knowledge has been a long-standing subject in social sciences. The “cognitive turn” in sociology brought to light many interesting issues and complex questions. The present publication addresses both theoretical and — to some extent — methodological challenges faced by the sociologists engaged in researching shared cultural variation within the culture-and-cognition research agenda, and compares it with the status quo in cousin social sciences that share the same cognitive perspective on culture. I specifically focus on the conceptual junctures that follow from the assumptions of shared cultural knowledge and intersubjectively shared cultural worldviews to highlight the important features of culture which can be effectively used for quantitative assessment of complex cultural processes. While I discuss various aspects of the findings and failings attributable to the culture-and-cognition research direction, my principal concern centers on encouraging more enhanced and sensitized interdisciplinary communication, as well as maximized intersections between cognitively oriented studies of culture in different social sciences, to bring the sociological studies of culture and cognition to full fruition.

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Cradock, Robert M., Lauren B. Resnick, John M. Levine i Stephanie D. Teasley. "Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition." Contemporary Sociology 21, nr 5 (wrzesień 1992): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2075588.

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Rothrock, Jane C. "Shared Cognition: Reflecting, Considering, Deliberating". AORN Journal 92, nr 3 (wrzesień 2010): 253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2010.06.009.

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Chen, Ming-Huei, Yu-Yu Chang i Yuan-Chieh Chang. "The trinity of entrepreneurial team dynamics: cognition, conflicts and cohesion". International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 23, nr 6 (2.10.2017): 934–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-07-2016-0213.

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Purpose Cognition, conflict and cohesion constitute an inseparable body of group dynamics in entrepreneurial teams. There have been few studies of how entrepreneurial team members interact with each other to enhance venture performance. The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a model that explains the trinity of cognition, conflict and cohesion in terms of social interaction between entrepreneurial team members. Design/methodology/approach Drawing upon the existing literature concerning entrepreneurial teams, the hypothesized model posits that shared cognition influences team cohesion through the mediating effects of intra-team conflicts. The model also postulates that team cohesion is positively associated with new venture performance and entrepreneurial satisfaction. Structural equation modeling is used to test the hypothesized model, using data that were collected from 203 entrepreneurial teams from technology-based companies in Taiwan. Findings The results show that shared cognition in entrepreneurial team members maintains team cohesion by restraining conflict and that team cohesion has a positive influence on entrepreneurial members’ satisfaction and new venture profitability. Practical implications The leader of a new venture team must endeavor to improve shared cognition between entrepreneurial members. To strengthen shared cognition, the leader can hold formal workshops to build consensus, informal meetings to share views, or use social media to enhance common understanding. Originality/value This paper verifies the connections between shared cognition, conflicts and cohesion in entrepreneurial teams in predicting new venture success and highlights the importance of cultivating a shared cognition in an entrepreneurial team to manage conflicts.

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Wang, Shirley, Stephen J. Sauer i Tom Schryver. "The Benefits of Early Diverse and Late Shared Task Cognition". Small Group Research 50, nr 3 (13.05.2019): 408–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046496419835917.

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To perform well over time, teams must balance competing needs—the need to make quality decisions and the need to coordinate action. However, these elements are paradoxically related because the processes that improve one can inhibit the other. The present article examines the role of task accomplishment phases as moderating the value of cognitive structure on teams’ performance trajectory and end-state performance. Using student teams engaged in a business simulation, we find that heterogeneous task cognition is beneficial in the strategizing phase, but that this effect reverses during the implementation–adjustment phase when homogeneous task cognition becomes more useful. In addition, we examine action processes as a substitute for homogeneous task cognition during implementation–adjustment and propose that teams can overcome suboptimal cognitive configurations. We discuss the implications of our research in terms of what is important for team performance.

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Siegal, Michael. "Cognitive social psychology and historical perspectives on socially shared cognition". Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 38, nr 9 (wrzesień 1993): 1004–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/033769.

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Harris, Celia B., Amanda J. Barnier, John Sutton i Paul G. Keil. "Couples as socially distributed cognitive systems: Remembering in everyday social and material contexts". Memory Studies 7, nr 3 (17.06.2014): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698014530619.

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In everyday life remembering occurs within social contexts, and theories from a number of disciplines predict cognitive and social benefits of shared remembering. Recent debates have revolved around the possibility that cognition can be distributed across individuals and material resources, as well as across groups of individuals. We review evidence from a maturing program of empirical research in which we adopted the lens of distributed cognition to gain new insights into the ways that remembering might be shared in groups. Across four studies, we examined shared remembering in intimate couples. We studied their collaboration on more simple memory tasks as well as their conversations about shared past experiences. We also asked them about their everyday memory compensation strategies in order to investigate the complex ways that couples may coordinate their material and interpersonal resources. We discuss our research in terms of the costs and benefits of shared remembering, features of the group and features of the remembering task that influence the outcomes of shared remembering, the cognitive and interpersonal functions of shared remembering, and the interaction between social and material resources. More broadly, this interdisciplinary research program suggests the potential for empirical psychology research to contribute to ongoing interdisciplinary discussions of distributed cognition.

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Evans, Marian. "Conversations across the table: shared cognition in top management teams". Team Performance Management: An International Journal 27, nr 5/6 (12.08.2021): 406–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tpm-12-2020-0098.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the shared mental models (SMMs) of a top management team (TMT) using an emergent perspective in conditions of uncertainty. The paper examines how a TMT conversation represents an emergent cognitive process to reach an action for future planning. Design/methodology/approach The design uses an emergent SMM approach based on a TMT discussion in an uncertain context. Cognitive mapping techniques illustrate how concepts emerge and are structured. This approach addresses the need for an alternative to aggregate mapping methods and supports the notion of team cognition as an emergent and dynamic process. Findings Findings showed that the emergence of a SMM could be elicited and represented using cognitive mapping techniques. Domain knowledge and social relationships supported the emergence of shared knowledge relevant for action on team tasks. A SMM based on team contribution and concept connectivity was identified. Research limitations/implications The study is based on data collected from a recorded discussion in a quarterly company meeting, ten days before the UK’s original planned exit date, March 2019. Originality/value This research study contributes to the SMM and team cognition literature streams by examining the TMT’s shared understanding as an emergent process. Empirical studies using cognitive mapping techniques in this context are rare.

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Bonito, Joseph A. "Shared Cognition and Participation in Small Groups". Communication Research 31, nr 6 (grudzień 2004): 704–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650204269406.

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Xu, Chunsheng, Dongfeng Zhang, Xiaocao Tian, Haiping Duan, Yili Wu, Zengchang Pang, Shuxia Li i Qihua Tan. "Genetic and Environmental Influences on Correlations Between Hearing and Cognitive Functions in Middle and Older Chinese Twins". Twin Research and Human Genetics 20, nr 5 (14.08.2017): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2017.42.

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The genetic and environmental impacts on correlations between hearing and cognitive functions have not been well studied. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Hearing function was assessed by audiometric pure-tone hearing thresholds at different frequencies, including 0.5 kHz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, 4 kHz, 8 kHz, and 12.5 kHz, with the lower hearing thresholds indicating better hearing function. Cognitive and hearing functions were measured on 379 complete twin pairs (240 monozygotic and 139 dizygotic pairs) with a median age of 50 years (range: 40–80 years). Bivariate twin models were fitted to quantify the genetic and environmental components of the correlations between hearing and cognitive functions. The analysis showed significantly high genetic correlation between 2 kHz of hearing and cognition (rG = −1.00, 95% CI [−1.00, −0.46]) and moderate genetic correlation between 4 kHz of hearing and cognition (rG = −0.62, 95% CI [−1.00, −0.14]). We found no significant genetic correlations between low as well as high frequencies of hearing and cognition. Low to moderate common and unique environmental correlations were shown between low frequencies of hearing and cognition (−0.13 to −0.39) and the common environmental correlation between 8 kHz, one of the high frequencies of hearing, and cognition (−0.22). The middle frequencies of hearing and cognitive functions may have a shared genetic basis. Low frequencies of hearing and cognition may share similar common and unique environmental factors. At 8 kHz, the high frequency of hearing and cognition may share similar common environment. This twin study detected a significant genetic and environmental basis in the phenotype correlation between cognition and hearing, which differed across frequencies.

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Whitehouse, Harvey. "Cognitive Evolution and Religion: Cognition and Religious Evolution". Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 3, nr 3 (1.12.2008): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v3i3.2.

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This paper presents contemporary cognitive approaches to the evolution of religious beliefs. Arguments are put forward that different types of beliefs, or ‘modes of religiosity’, occur as a result of a number of evolutionary factors (biological, cultural, socio-political etc). At the same time, religions across the world retain a significant level of common and shared elements, also explained in evolutionary terms.

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Brass, Marcel, Perrine Ruby i Stephanie Spengler. "Inhibition of imitative behaviour and social cognition". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, nr 1528 (27.08.2009): 2359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0066.

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There is converging evidence that the observation of an action activates a corresponding motor representation in the observer through a ‘mirror-matching’ mechanism. However, research on such ‘shared representations’ of perception and action has widely neglected the question of how we can distinguish our own motor intentions from externally triggered motor representations. By investigating the inhibition of imitative response tendencies, as an index for the control of shared representations, we can show that self–other distinction plays a fundamental role in the control of shared representations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that overlapping brain activations can be found in the anterior fronto-median cortex (aFMC) and the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) area for the control of shared representations and complex social-cognitive tasks, such as mental state attribution. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, we functionally dissociate the roles of TPJ and aFMC during the control of shared representations. Finally, we propose a hypothesis stating that the control of shared representations might be the missing link between functions of the mirror system and mental state attribution.

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Stephenson, Lisa J., S. Gareth Edwards i Andrew P. Bayliss. "From Gaze Perception to Social Cognition: The Shared-Attention System". Perspectives on Psychological Science 16, nr 3 (10.02.2021): 553–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691620953773.

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When two people look at the same object in the environment and are aware of each other’s attentional state, they find themselves in a shared-attention episode. This can occur through intentional or incidental signaling and, in either case, causes an exchange of information between the two parties about the environment and each other’s mental states. In this article, we give an overview of what is known about the building blocks of shared attention (gaze perception and joint attention) and focus on bringing to bear new findings on the initiation of shared attention that complement knowledge about gaze following and incorporate new insights from research into the sense of agency. We also present a neurocognitive model, incorporating first-, second-, and third-order social cognitive processes (the shared-attention system, or SAS), building on previous models and approaches. The SAS model aims to encompass perceptual, cognitive, and affective processes that contribute to and follow on from the establishment of shared attention. These processes include fundamental components of social cognition such as reward, affective evaluation, agency, empathy, and theory of mind.

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Bergman, Jukka-Pekka, Vladimir Platonov, Igor Dukeov, Pekka Röyttä i Pasi Luukka. "Information Processing Approach in Organisational Cognitive Structures". International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change 7, nr 4 (październik 2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijissc.2016100101.

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Despite of increasing interest in social cognitive research in strategic management during recent years, few studies have examined the relationship between cognitive structures of top management and middle management. This study represents the information processing approach in managerial cognition research assuming that top management communicate their shared cognitions into the organization reducing ambiguity of operative environment faced by the other levels of organization shaping the operations of the organizations. The authors' empirical study examines managerial cognitive maps collected with a cognitive mapping method in a transportation company. In the study, top managers and middle managers separately evaluated sustainability management issues and their relevance for the company providing 75 individual cognitive maps. Based on this, the authors' study aims to fill the gap in research of relationship between top management and middle management cognitive structures and increase understanding on role of managerial cognition in strategic management research.

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Swaab, Roderick, Tom Postmes, Ilja van Beest i Russell Spears. "Shared Cognition as a Product of, and Precursor to, Shared Identity in Negotiations". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 33, nr 2 (luty 2007): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167206294788.

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van Paassen, M. M., Clark Borst, Rolf Klomp, Max Mulder, Pim van Leeuwen i Martijn Mooij. "Designing for shared cognition in air traffic management". Journal of Aerospace Operations 2, nr 1-2 (2013): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aop-130030.

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Branki, N. E., E. A. Edmonds i R. M. Jones. "A study of socially shared cognition in design". Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 20, nr 3 (1993): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b200295.

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Bierhals, R., I. Schuster, P. Kohler i P. Badke-Schaub. "Shared mental models—linking team cognition and performance". CoDesign 3, nr 1 (marzec 2007): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15710880601170891.

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Wong, Sze-Sze, Sim B. Sitkin, Leigh L. Thompson, John M. Levine i David M. Messick. "Shared Cognition in Organizations: The Management of Knowledge". Administrative Science Quarterly 47, nr 3 (wrzesień 2002): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3094857.

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Levine, John M. "Socially-shared cognition and consensus in small groups". Current Opinion in Psychology 23 (październik 2018): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.12.003.

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Xu, Chunsheng, Dongfeng Zhang, Xiaocao Tian, Yili Wu, Zengchang Pang, Shuxia Li i Qihua Tan. "Genetic and Environmental Basis in Phenotype Correlation Between Physical Function and Cognition in Aging Chinese Twins". Twin Research and Human Genetics 20, nr 1 (20.01.2017): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2016.98.

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Although the correlation between cognition and physical function has been well studied in the general population, the genetic and environmental nature of the correlation has been rarely investigated. We conducted a classical twin analysis on cognitive and physical function, including forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), handgrip strength, five-times-sit-to-stand test (FTSST), near visual acuity, and number of teeth lost in 379 complete twin pairs. Bivariate twin models were fitted to estimate the genetic and environmental correlation between physical and cognitive function. Bivariate analysis showed mildly positively genetic correlations between cognition and FEV1, rG = 0.23 [95% CI: 0.03, 0.62], as well as FVC, rG = 0.35 [95% CI: 0.06, 1.00]. We found that FTSST and cognition presented very high common environmental correlation, rC = -1.00 [95% CI: -1.00, -0.57], and low but significant unique environmental correlation, rE = -0.11 [95% CI: -0.22, -0.01], all in the negative direction. Meanwhile, near visual acuity and cognition also showed unique environmental correlation, rE = 0.16 [95% CI: 0.03, 0.27]. We found no significantly genetic correlation for cognition with handgrip strength, FTSST, near visual acuity, and number of teeth lost. Cognitive function was genetically related to pulmonary function. The FTSST and cognition shared almost the same common environmental factors but only part of the unique environmental factors, both with negative correlation. In contrast, near visual acuity and cognition may positively share part of the unique environmental factors.

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Jameson, Kimberly. "Culture and Cognition: What is Universal about the Representation of Color Experience?" Journal of Cognition and Culture 5, nr 3-4 (2005): 293–348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853705774648527.

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AbstractExisting research in color naming and categorization primarily reflects two opposing views: A Cultural Relativist view that posits color perception is greatly shaped by culturally specific language associations and perceptual learning, and a Universalist view that emphasizes panhuman shared color processing as the basis for color naming similarities within and across cultures. Recent empirical evidence finds color processing differs both within and across cultures. This divergent color processing raises new questions about the sources of previously observed cultural coherence and cross-cultural universality. The present article evaluates the relevance of individual variation on the mainstream model of color naming. It also presents an alternate view that specifies how color naming and categorization is shaped by both panhuman cognitive universals and socio-cultural evolutionary processes. This alternative view, expressed, in part, using an Interpoint Distance Model of color categorization, is compatible with new empirical results showing divergent color processing within and across cultures. It suggests that universalities in color naming and categorization may naturally arise across cultures because color language and color categories primarily reflect culturally modal linguistic mappings, and categories are shaped by universal cognitive constructs and culturally salient features of color. Thus, a shared cultural representation of color based on widely shared cognitive dimensions may be the proper foundation for universalities of color naming and categorization. Across cultures this form of representation may result from convergent responses to similar pressures on color lexicon evolution.

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Madhavan, Ravindranath, i Rajiv Grover. "From Embedded Knowledge to Embodied Knowledge: New Product Development as Knowledge Management". Journal of Marketing 62, nr 4 (październik 1998): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224299806200401.

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Because new product development (NPD) teams are engaged in knowledge creation, NPD management should emphasize cognitive team processes rather than purely social processes. Using the notions of tacit knowledge and distributed cognition as a basis, the authors propose that the T-shaped skills, shared mental models, and NPD routines of team members, as well as the A-shaped skills of the team leader, are key design variables when creating NPD teams. The authors propose that trust in team orientation, trust in technical competence, information redundancy, and rich personal interaction are important process variables for the effective and efficient creation of new knowledge.

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Nowell, April. "Coincidental factors of handaxe morphology". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25, nr 3 (czerwiec 2002): 413–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x02330073.

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Handaxe morphology is thought to be the first example of the imposition of arbitrary form. Handaxes may thus inform researchers about shared mental templates and evolving cognitive abilities. However, many factors, not related to changes in cognition (e.g., material type, function, resharpening processes), influence handaxe shape over time and space. Archaeologists must control for these factors before making inferences concerning cognition.

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Risku, Hanna, i Florian Windhager. "Extended Translation". Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 25, nr 1 (4.03.2013): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.25.1.04ris.

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Consideration of current developments in cognitive science is indispensable when defining research agendas addressing cognitive aspects of translation. One such development is the recognition of the extended nature of human cognition: Cognition is not just an information manipulation process in the brain, it is contextualised action embedded in a body and increasingly mediated by technologies and situated in its socio-cultural environment. Parallel developments are found in neighbouring disciplines, such as sociology with its actor-network and activity theories. This paper examines these approaches, their shared methodological tenets (i.e., ethnographic field studies) and the implications of the situated cognition approach for describing the cognitive aspects of translation, using a translation management case study to discuss conceptual and methodological issues.

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Thompson, Joe J., Nehdia Sameen i Timothy P. Racine. "Methodological consequences of weak embodied cognition and shared intentionality". New Ideas in Psychology 43 (grudzień 2016): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2016.03.002.

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Maltseva, Kateryna. "Prosocial Morality in Individual and Collective Cognition". Journal of Cognition and Culture 16, nr 1-2 (24.02.2016): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12342166.

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There has been much interest in understanding the operation of shared collective constructs. Cultural models theory is one of the frameworks in cognitive anthropology engaging the interaction between the individual and collective levels of culture in the process of cultural transmission. The present study attempts to produce the cognitive ethnography focusing on shared understanding of prosocial morality in Sweden. It draws on cognitive data associated with the organization of prosocial ideas (formulated as values) in Swedish society, and uses multi-item scales to explore the distribution of this cultural model across the individual minds and on the group level. The study tests a hypothesis that cultural and individual values priorities have distinct demographic predictors when examined separately, and that these predictors reflect their respective differences in the transmission channels. I stress the importance of the interdisciplinary research to account for the process of consolidation of shared collective knowledge into cultural models.

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Thaut, Michael H. "Neurologic Music Therapy in Cognitive Rehabilitation". Music Perception 27, nr 4 (1.04.2010): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2010.27.4.281.

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NEUROLOGIC MUSIC THERAPY LAST CAME INTO research and clinical focus via cognitive rehabilitation. New imaging techniques studying higher cognitive functions in the human brain 'in vivo' and theoretical advancements in music and brain function have facilitated this development. There are shared cognitive and perceptual mechanisms and shared neural systems between musical cognition and parallel nonmusical cognitive functions that provide access for music to affect general nonmusical functions, such as memory, attention, and executive function. The emerging clinical literature shows substantial support for these effects in rehabilitative retraining of the injured brain. Key findings relevant for clinical applications of neurologic music therapy to cognitive rehabilitation are presented and discussed below.

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Cerulo, Karen A., Vanina Leschziner i Hana Shepherd. "Rethinking Culture and Cognition". Annual Review of Sociology 47, nr 1 (31.07.2021): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-072320-095202.

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Paul DiMaggio's (1997) Annual Review of Sociology article urged integration of the cognitive and the cultural, triggering a cognitive turn in cultural sociology. Since then, a burgeoning literature in cultural sociology has incorporated ideas from the cognitive sciences—cognitive anthropology, cognitive psychology, linguistics, neuroscience and philosophy—significantly reshaping sociologists’ approach to culture, both theoretically and methodologically. This article reviews work published since DiMaggio's agenda-setting piece—research that builds on cross-disciplinary links between cultural sociology and the cognitive sciences. These works present new ideas on the acquisition, storage, and retrieval of culture, on how forms of personal culture interact, on how culture becomes shared, and on how social interaction and cultural environments inform cognitive processes. Within our discussion, we point to research questions that remain unsettled. We then conclude with issues for future research in culture and cognition that can enrich sociological analysis about action more generally.

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Fourrier, Célia, Gaurav Singhal i Bernhard T. Baune. "Neuroinflammation and cognition across psychiatric conditions". CNS Spectrums 24, nr 1 (luty 2019): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852918001499.

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Cognitive impairments reported across psychiatric conditions (ie, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and posttraumatic stress disorder) strongly impair the quality of life of patients and the recovery of those conditions. There is therefore a great need for consideration for cognitive dysfunction in the management of psychiatric disorders. The redundant pattern of cognitive impairments across such conditions suggests possible shared mechanisms potentially leading to their development. Here, we review for the first time the possible role of inflammation in cognitive dysfunctions across psychiatric disorders. Raised inflammatory processes (microglia activation and elevated cytokine levels) across diagnoses could therefore disrupt neurobiological mechanisms regulating cognition, including Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity, neurogenesis, neurotrophic factor, the HPA axis, and the kynurenine pathway. This redundant association between elevated inflammation and cognitive alterations across psychiatric disorders hence suggests that a cross-disorder approach using pharmacological and nonpharmacological (ie, physical activity and nutrition) anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory strategies should be considered in the management of cognition in psychiatry.

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Thompson, Leigh, i Gary Alan Fine. "Socially Shared Cognition, Affect, and Behavior: A Review and Integration". Personality and Social Psychology Review 3, nr 4 (listopad 1999): 278–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0304_1.

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In this article, we review 4 classes of models of socially shared cognition and behavior: supraindividual models, information-processing models, communication models, and social interaction models. Our review draws on research and theory in social psychology, sociology, and organization behavior. We conclude that these innovative perspectives on socially shared behavior represent a new approach to the study of groups and are distinct from traditional models of the group mind and crowd behavior. The key processes implicated in these models focus on the potency of immediate interaction, reciprocal influence processes between individuals and groups, goal-directed behavior, negotiated processing of information and ideas, and the maintenance and enhancement of social identity. This approach to socially shared understanding is not antagonistic toward the analysis of individual-level processes but rather maintains that individual-level processes are necessary but not sufficient to build a social psychology of shared understanding.

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Moll, Henrike. "Tension in the Natural History of Human Thinking". Journal of Social Ontology 2, nr 1 (23.03.2016): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jso-2015-0043.

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AbstractMichael Tomasello has greatly expanded our knowledge of human cognition and how it differs from that of other animals. In this commentary to his recent book A Natural History of Human Thinking, I first critique some of the presuppositions and arguments of his evolutionary story about how homo sapiens’ cognition emerged. For example, I question the strategy of relying on the modern chimpanzee as a model for our last shared ancestor, and I doubt the idea that what changed first over evolutionary time was hominin behavior, which then in turn brought about changes in cognition. In the second half of the commentary I aim to show that the author oscillates between an additive and a transformative account of human shared intentionality. I argue that shared intentionality shapes cognition in its entirety and therefore precludes the possibility that humans have the same, individual intentionality (as shown in, e.g. their instrumental reasoning) as other apes.

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Gallotti, Mattia. "Why not the first-person plural in social cognition?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36, nr 4 (25.07.2013): 422–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x12001914.

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AbstractThrough the mental alignment that sustains social interactions, the minds of individuals are shared. One interpretation of shared intentionality involves the ability of individuals to perceive features of the action scene from the perspective of the group (the “we-mode”). This first-person plural approach in social cognition is distinct from and preferable to the second-person approach proposed in the target article.

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Heldal, Frode, Endre Sjøvold i Kenneth Stålsett. "Shared cognition in intercultural teams: collaborating without understanding each other". Team Performance Management: An International Journal 26, nr 3/4 (13.04.2020): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tpm-06-2019-0051.

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Purpose Severe misunderstandings have been proved to cause significant delays and financial overruns in large engineering projects with teams consisting of people from Western and Asian cultures. The purpose of this study was to determine if differences in shared cognition may explain some of the crucial misunderstandings in intercultural production teams. Design/methodology/approach The study has used systematizing the person–group relationship (SPGR) survey methodology, supported by interviews, to study mental models in six South Korean teams that also includes Norwegian engineers (52 individuals). In so doing, the study uses the theoretical framework of Healey et al. (2015), where X-mental representations involve actions that are automated and subconscious and C-mental representations involve actions that are verbalized reasonings and conscious. People may share mental models on the X-level without sharing on the C-level, depicting a situation where teams are coordinated without understanding why (surface discordance). Findings The findings of the study are that people with different cultural backgrounds in an intercultural team may learn to adapt to each other when the context is standardized, without necessarily understanding underlying meanings and intentions behind actions (surface discordance). This may create a perception about team members not needing to explicate opinions (sharing at the C-level). This in turn may create challenges in anomalous situations, where deliberate sharing of C-mental models is required to find new solutions and/or admit errors so that they may be adjusted. The findings indicate that the non-sharing of explicated reasonings (C-mental models) between Norwegians and Koreans contributed in sharing C-mental models, despite having an implicit agreement on how to perform standard tasks (sharing X-mental models). Research limitations/implications The study is limited to Norwegians and Koreans working in production teams. Future studies could benefit from more cultures and/or different team contexts. The authors’ believe that the findings may also concern other standardized environments and corroborate previous perspectives on intercultural teams needing to both train (develop similar X-mental representations) and reflect together (develop similar C-mental representations). Practical implications Based on our findings we suggest the using of cross-cultural training at a deeper level than previously suggested, training in both social interaction patterns as well as verbalizing logical reasoning together. This entails reaching a shared and joint understanding of not only actions but also values, feelings and teamwork functions. This can be enabled by group conversations and training in dynamic team patterns. Important is, however, that standardized contexts may dampen the perception of the need to do both. Originality/value The study contributes to current research on intercultural teams by focusing on a dual-mode perspective on shared cognition, relating these to contextual factors. In this, the authors’ answer the call in previous research for more information on contextual matters and a focus on interaction in intercultural teams. The study also shows how the differences between X-mental and C-mental shared mental models play out in a practical setting.

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Lippa, Katherine D., Markus A. Feufel, F. Eric Robinson i Valerie L. Shalin. "Navigating the Decision Space: Shared Medical Decision Making as Distributed Cognition". Qualitative Health Research 27, nr 7 (23.08.2016): 1035–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732316665347.

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Despite increasing prominence, little is known about the cognitive processes underlying shared decision making. To investigate these processes, we conceptualize shared decision making as a form of distributed cognition. We introduce a Decision Space Model to identify physical and social influences on decision making. Using field observations and interviews, we demonstrate that patients and physicians in both acute and chronic care consider these influences when identifying the need for a decision, searching for decision parameters, making actionable decisions Based on the distribution of access to information and actions, we then identify four related patterns: physician dominated; physician-defined, patient-made; patient-defined, physician-made; and patient-dominated decisions. Results suggests that (a) decision making is necessarily distributed between physicians and patients, (b) differential access to information and action over time requires participants to transform a distributed task into a shared decision, and (c) adverse outcomes may result from failures to integrate physician and patient reasoning. Our analysis unifies disparate findings in the medical decision-making literature and has implications for improving care and medical training.

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Dominey, Peter Ford, i Felix Warneken. "The basis of shared intentions in human and robot cognition". New Ideas in Psychology 29, nr 3 (grudzień 2011): 260–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2009.07.006.

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Redman, Christine, i John Terence Vincent. "Shared cognition facilitated by teacher use of interactive whiteboard technologies". Interactive Technology and Smart Education 12, nr 2 (15.06.2015): 74–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itse-12-2014-0037.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine questioning opportunities afforded by interactive whiteboards (IWBs) by highlighting pedagogical decisions enacted by teachers to ensure that they work with the wider affordances of the device. Design/methodology/approach – Three primary/elementary teachers participated in a study designed to identify the types of questions that teachers could enable, sustain and afford with an IWB. The teachers selected lessons to be videotaped. Pre- and post-lessons interviews were held with each teacher. Pre-lesson interviews sought the intent of the lesson and intended use of the IWB. Post-lesson interviews included teachers reviewing videotapes of the lessons and teachers reflecting on, reviewing and explaining significant and key events. They provided their reasons and justification behind their informed choices. Findings – Teachers enacted a framework that demonstrated their commitment to developing communities of learners. They sought strategic ways to utilise the IWB in dialogically focussed classrooms. Teachers used IWBs to sustain conversations that raise and resolve their learners’ questions, to present challenges to the group. Research limitations/implications – This study has a small number of participants, but is fine-grained in analysis. The recorded lessons have only occurred in mathematics classes. Lesson sequences are short, and a longer sequence, over eight weeks, would have also been illuminating. Originality/value – The study is unique in showing the shift in power and ownership between interactions among the teacher, students and the IWB.

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Hee Sun Park. "The Effects of Shared Cognition on Group Satisfaction and Performance". Communication Research 35, nr 1 (luty 2008): 88–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650207309363.

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Meltzoff, Andrew N., i Jean Decety. "What imitation tells us about social cognition: a rapprochement between developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, nr 1431 (14.02.2003): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1261.

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Both developmental and neurophysiological research suggest a common coding between perceived and generated actions. This shared representational network is innately wired in humans. We review psychological evidence concerning the imitative behaviour of newborn human infants. We suggest that the mechanisms involved in infant imitation provide the foundation for understanding that others are ‘like me’ and underlie the development of theory of mind and empathy for others. We also analyse functional neuroimaging studies that explore the neurophysiological substrate of imitation in adults. We marshal evidence that imitation recruits not only shared neural representations between the self and the other but also cortical regions in the parietal cortex that are crucial for distinguishing between the perspective of self and other. Imitation is doubly revealing: it is used by infants to learn about adults, and by scientists to understand the organization and functioning of the brain.

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Macatee, Richard J., Nicholas P. Allan, Agnieszka Gajewska, Aaron M. Norr, Amanda Medley Raines, Brian J. Albanese, Joseph W. Boffa, Norman B. Schmidt i Jesse R. Cougle. "Shared and Distinct Cognitive/Affective Mechanisms in Intrusive Cognition: An Examination of Worry and Obsessions". Cognitive Therapy and Research 40, nr 1 (15.08.2015): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-015-9714-4.

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Moussavi, Farzad, i Dorla A. Evans. "Emergence of Organizational Attributions: The Role of a Shared Cognitive Schema". Journal of Management 19, nr 1 (luty 1993): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639301900106.

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Daft and Weick (1984) suggest that individual-level interpretations of top strategic managers can be expected to converge into an organizational interpretation because managers use identical cognitive schemata when making their personal interpretations. The primary purpose of this paper is to adapt the well-accepted interpersonal attribution schema to an organizational context to determine whether Daft and Weick's convergence argument is plausible. We conclude that the common phenomena of informational equivocality and bias make the existence of shared schemata a necessary but not sufficient condition for the convergence of interpretations. Therefore, studies in the organizational literature which rely on the convergence argument fail to sufficiently establish a linkage between individual cognition and organizational action.

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Kukkonen, Karin. "Does Cognition Translate?" Poetics Today 41, nr 2 (1.06.2020): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03335372-8172556.

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Comparative literature and cognitive literary studies both consider literature as a worldwide phenomenon. The move toward world literature in comparative literature made salient the issue of reading some texts in translation, and world literature turned its attention to whether texts are entirely translatable and how center and periphery in the “world republic of literature” are organized around languages that are predominantly translated (or translated into). This article proposes that cognitive literary studies and comparative literature could enter into conversation around the topic of language differences and translation. For cognitive literary studies, the approaches of predictive processing and embodied cognition have in recent years developed the conceptual means to include these differences in our discussions without falling back on the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. Language shapes thought, but it does so in a flexible exchange between verbal markers and language-created contexts. The author models this exchange for literary texts by means of salient verbal markers that indicate plot events and outlines possible shared avenues of future research for cognitive literary studies and comparative literature along these lines. The examples discussed are the Finnish national epic Kalevala, its French and English translations, and the contemporary novel Sankarit by Johanna Sinisalo.

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Bergman, Jukka-Pekka, Antti Knutas, Pasi Luukka, Ari Jantunen, Anssi Tarkiainen, Aleksander Karlik i Vladimir Platonov. "Strategic interpretation on sustainability issues – eliciting cognitive maps of boards of directors". Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 16, nr 1 (1.02.2016): 162–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-04-2015-0051.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of cognitive diversity on strategic issue interpretation among the boards of directors making sense of sustainability management. The study also investigated the centrality of the corporate sustainability issues to identify common interpretative patterns in the shared cognitive maps among the companies. In addition, the aim was to advance quantitative methods for the analysis of decision-makers’ cognition. Design/methodology/approach The research was an exploratory study analyzing 43 individual cognitive maps collected through surveys from the boards of nine cleantech companies. For the elicitation of the cognitive maps, the study used the hybrid cognitive mapping technique. The diversity of the shared cognitive maps was analyzed using the distance ratio formula and the graph analysis method with eigenvector to measure the centrality of the strategic issue interpretation in the maps. Findings This study provides evidence through the analysis of distance ratios on the existence of cognitive diversity among companies within the same industry. Surprisingly, despite the cognitive diversity, the study identified strong common patterns on strategic issue interpretations among the companies. In addition, the study shows that the sustainability management issues have gained minor attention from the boards of directors. Research limitations/implications The initial industry sample provided relatively restricted perspectives on managerial cognition, and to confirm the findings regarding the effects of industry on the shared cognitive maps of top decision-makers, wider industry-level data are needed. Practical implications This study provides an approach to facilitate the process of strategic decision-making for top decision-makers by identifying the shared beliefs of the selected strategic theme and to concentrate on the most central strategic issues in the company and industry. It reveals asymmetry between the significance of sustainability issues in an open agenda and the real position of sustainability concepts in the shared cognitive maps in the green industry. Also, the study advances cognitive mapping techniques for application in the board’s decision-making. Originality/value This paper contributes to brightening the black box of corporate governance by shedding light on the interaction of the concepts of corporate sustainability and other key strategic issues within the shared cognitive maps of the boards. It also provides new empirical knowledge on top decision-making processes and the effects of cognitive diversity on the strategic issue interpretations within the corporate boards of the green industry, and it further develops the methodology for the quantification of cognitive diversity and the content of cognitive maps.

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Semin, Gün R., i John T. Cacioppo. "In search of a conceptual location to share cognition". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, nr 1 (luty 2008): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07003299.

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AbstractIt is argued that the multilayered model offered by the shared circuits model (SCM) falls short of capturing an essential aspect of social cognition, namely, its distributed nature. The SCM therefore falls short of modeling emergent social cognition and behavior.

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Doyle, Alysa E., Pieter J. Vuijk, Nathan D. Doty, Lauren M. McGrath, Brian L. Willoughby, Ellen H. O’Donnell, H. Kent Wilson i in. "Cross-Disorder Cognitive Impairments in Youth Referred for Neuropsychiatric Evaluation". Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 24, nr 1 (4.08.2017): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617717000601.

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AbstractObjectives: Studies suggest that impairments in some of the same domains of cognition occur in different neuropsychiatric conditions, including those known to share genetic liability. Yet, direct, multi-disorder cognitive comparisons are limited, and it remains unclear whether overlapping deficits are due to comorbidity. We aimed to extend the literature by examining cognition across different neuropsychiatric conditions and addressing comorbidity. Methods: Subjects were 486 youth consecutively referred for neuropsychiatric evaluation and enrolled in the Longitudinal Study of Genetic Influences on Cognition. First, we assessed general ability, reaction time variability (RTV), and aspects of executive functions (EFs) in youth with non-comorbid forms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mood disorders and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as well as in youth with psychosis. Second, we determined the impact of comorbid ADHD on cognition in youth with ASD and mood disorders. Results: For EFs (working memory, inhibition, and shifting/ flexibility), we observed weaknesses in all diagnostic groups when participants’ own ability was the referent. Decrements were subtle in relation to published normative data. For RTV, weaknesses emerged in youth with ADHD and mood disorders, but trend-level results could not rule out decrements in other conditions. Comorbidity with ADHD did not impact the pattern of weaknesses for youth with ASD or mood disorders but increased the magnitude of the decrement in those with mood disorders. Conclusions: Youth with ADHD, mood disorders, ASD, and psychosis show EF weaknesses that are not due to comorbidity. Whether such cognitive difficulties reflect genetic liability shared among these conditions requires further study. (JINS, 2018, 24, 91–103)

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Yao, Zai-Fu, i Shulan Hsieh. "Neurocognitive Mechanism of Human Resilience: A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, nr 24 (15.12.2019): 5123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245123.

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Resilience is an innate human capacity that holds the key to uncovering why some people rebound after trauma and others never recover. Various theories have debated the mechanisms underlying resilience at the psychological level but have not yet incorporated neurocognitive concepts/findings. In this paper, we put forward the idea that cognitive flexibility moderates how well people adapt to adverse experiences, by shifting attention resources between cognition–emotion regulation and pain perception. We begin with a consensus on definitions and highlight the role of cognitive appraisals in mediating this process. Shared concepts among appraisal theories suggest that cognition–emotion, as well as pain perception, are cognitive mechanisms that underlie how people respond to adversity. Frontal brain circuitry sub-serves control of cognition and emotion, connecting the experience of physical pain. This suggests a substantial overlap between these phenomena. Empirical studies from brain imaging support this notion. We end with a discussion of how the role of the frontal brain network in regulating human resilience, including how the frontal brain network interacts with cognition–emotion–pain perception, can account for cognitive theories and why cognitive flexibilities’ role in these processes can create practical applications, analogous to the resilience process, for the recovery of neural plasticity.

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Healey, Mark P., Timo Vuori i Gerard P. Hodgkinson. "When Teams Agree While Disagreeing: Reflexion and Reflection in Shared Cognition". Academy of Management Review 40, nr 3 (lipiec 2015): 399–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.2013.0154.

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