Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Shared Automated Vehicles

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Shared Automated Vehicles”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 20 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Shared Automated Vehicles"

Clements, Lewis M., i Kara M. Kockelman. "Economic Effects of Automated Vehicles". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2606, nr 1 (styczeń 2017): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2606-14.

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Connected and fully automated or autonomous vehicles (CAVs) may soon dominate the automotive industry. Once CAVs are sufficiently reliable and affordable, they will penetrate markets and thereby generate economic ripple effects throughout industries. This paper synthesizes and expands on existing analyses of the economic effects of CAVs in the United States across 13 industries and the overall economy. CAVs will soon be central to the automotive industry, with software composing a greater share of vehicle value than previously. The number of vehicles purchased each year may fall because of vehicle sharing, but rising travel distances may increase vehicle sales. The opportunity for heavy-truck drivers to do other work or rest during long drives may lower freight costs and increase capacity. Personal transport may shift toward shared autonomous vehicle fleet use, reducing that of taxis, buses, and other forms of group travel. Fewer collisions and more law-abiding vehicles will lower demand for auto repair, traffic police, medical, insurance, and legal services. CAVs will also lead to new methods for managing travel demand and the repurposing of curbside and off-street parking and will generate major savings from productivity gains during hands-free travel and reduction of pain and suffering costs from crashes. If CAVs eventually capture a large share of the automotive market, they are estimated to have economic impacts of $1.2 trillion or $3,800 per American per year. This paper presents important considerations for CAVs’ overall effects and quantifies those impacts.

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Hamiditehrani, Samira, Darren M. Scott i Matthias N. Sweet. "Shared versus pooled automated vehicles: Understanding behavioral intentions towards adopting on-demand automated vehicles". Travel Behaviour and Society 36 (lipiec 2024): 100774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100774.

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Hunter, Jacob G., Matthew Konishi, Neera Jain, Kumar Akash, Xingwei Wu, Teruhisa Misu i Tahira Reid. "The Interaction Gap: A Step Toward Understanding Trust in Autonomous Vehicles Between Encounters". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 66, nr 1 (wrzesień 2022): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181322661311.

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Shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) will be introduced in greater numbers over the coming decade. Due to rapid advances in shared mobility and the slower development of fully autonomous vehicles (AVs), SAVs will likely be deployed before privately-owned AVs. Moreover, existing shared mobility services are transitioning their vehicle fleets toward those with increasingly higher levels of driving automation. Consequently, people who use shared vehicles on an “as needed” basis will have infrequent interactions with automated driving, thereby experiencing interaction gaps. Using human trust data of 25 participants, we show that interaction gaps can affect human trust in automated driving. Participants engaged in a simulator study consisting of two interactions separated by a one-week interaction gap. A moderate, inverse correlation was found between the change in trust during the initial interaction and the interaction gap, suggesting people “forget” some of their gained trust or distrust in automation during an interaction gap.

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Andrei, Liliana, Oana Luca i Florian Gaman. "Insights from User Preferences on Automated Vehicles: Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors on Value of Time in Romania Case". Sustainability 14, nr 17 (30.08.2022): 10828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710828.

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New transport technologies, such as autonomous vehicles, are increasingly discussed in the debate on the transition to a sustainable urban future. Automated vehicles (AVs) are expected to reduce the value of travel time (VoT), allowing the use of time for other types of activities during travel, including working, reading, sleeping, entertainment, etc. Our study aims to provide empirical insights on future modal choice preferences for regular trips for Romanian citizens, using a sample of 309 respondents to a web survey on issues related to automated vehicles. Using multinomial logistic models (MNL), we analysed the relationship between three mode choices: regular car, private automated vehicle, and shared automated vehicle, along with the individual and household characteristics. In addition, we calculated the VoT for each mode choice based on the results of MNL analysis. Results showed that VoT is strongly influenced by travel cost and travel time, by socio-economic characteristics such as age, gender, and education, and has the lowest value for the shared AV compared with a regular car or a private AV. Future research may conduct comparable studies in European countries but also explore the opinions and perceptions of vulnerable road users on AVs and VoT.

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Terken, Jacques, i Bastian Pfleging. "Toward Shared Control Between Automated Vehicles and Users". Automotive Innovation 3, nr 1 (20.02.2020): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42154-019-00087-9.

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You, Fang, Xu Yan, Jun Zhang i Wei Cui. "Design Factors of Shared Situation Awareness Interface in Human–Machine Co-Driving". Information 13, nr 9 (16.09.2022): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13090437.

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Automated vehicles can perceive their environment and control themselves, but how to effectively transfer the information perceived by the vehicles to human drivers through interfaces, or share the awareness of the situation, is a problem to be solved in human–machine co-driving. The four elements of the shared situation awareness (SSA) interface, namely human–machine state, context, current task status, and plan, were analyzed and proposed through an abstraction hierarchy design method to guide the output of the corresponding interface design elements. The four elements were introduced to visualize the interface elements and design the interface prototype in the scenario of “a vehicle overtaking with a dangerous intention from the left rear”, and the design schemes were experimentally evaluated. The results showed that the design with the four elements of an SSA interface could effectively improve the usability of the human–machine interface, increase the levels of human drivers’ situational awareness and prediction of dangerous intentions, and boost trust in the automatic systems, thereby providing ideas for the design of human–machine collaborative interfaces that enhance shared situational awareness in similar scenarios.

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Sarabia, Joseba, Mauricio Marcano, Sergio Díaz, Asier Zubizarreta i Joshué Pérez. "Lateral Evasive Maneuver with Shared Control Algorithm: A Simulator Study". Sensors 24, nr 2 (16.01.2024): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24020562.

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Shared control algorithms have emerged as a promising approach for enabling real-time driver automated system cooperation in automated vehicles. These algorithms allow human drivers to actively participate in the driving process while receiving continuous assistance from the automated system in specific scenarios. However, despite the theoretical benefits being analyzed in various works, further demonstrations of the effectiveness and user acceptance of these approaches in real-world scenarios are required due to the involvement of the human driver in the control loop. Given this perspective, this paper presents and analyzes the results of a simulator-based study conducted to evaluate a shared control algorithm for a critical lateral maneuver. The maneuver involves the automated system helping to avoid an oncoming motorcycle that enters the vehicle’s lane. The study’s goal is to assess the algorithm’s performance, safety, and user acceptance within this specific scenario. For this purpose, objective measures, such as collision avoidance and lane departure prevention, as well as subjective measures related to the driver’s sense of safety and comfort are studied. In addition, three levels of assistance (gentle, intermediate, and aggressive) are tested in two driver state conditions (focused and distracted). The findings have important implications for the development and execution of shared control algorithms, paving the way for their incorporation into actual vehicles.

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Benarbia, Taha, Kyandoghere Kyamakya, Fadi Al Machot i Witesyavwirwa Vianney Kambale. "Modeling and Simulation of Shared Electric Automated and Connected Mobility Systems with Autonomous Repositioning: Performance Evaluation and Deployment". Sustainability 15, nr 1 (3.01.2023): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010881.

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The boom seen in artificial intelligence in recent years has led to a revolution in the automotive industry. Numerous automakers around the world, such as Tesla, Toyota, Honda, and BMW, have achieved giant strides in the development of e-autonomous vehicles. Consequently, shared electric automated vehicle mobility (SEAVM) systems, which are a crucial part of future innovative transportation solutions, have attracted significant attention from the research community, particularly from a design perspective. However, the flexibility of shared automated mobility systems may lead to a self-operating technology issue (unequal distribution of vehicles), since users in these systems can pick up and drop off electric vehicles wherever they like. With this in mind, this paper addressed the issues of autonomous repositioning and the assignment of shared autonomous electric vehicle systems to balance a system’s network and fulfill its demand. Modeling, analysis and assessment of the system’s performance were carried out using stochastic Petri nets formalism, which included determining the average time areas were empty/congested and the number of unserved consumers, and estimating the redistribution service launch moment. Furthermore, many simulation scenarios were analyzed, including repositioning and without repositioning scenarios, in order to evaluate the efficiency of the model and to show the potential of using Petri nets as a probabilistic formalism approach for the modeling of e-automated mobility systems.

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Zhu, Lei, Jinghui Wang, Venu Garikapati i Stanley Young. "Decision Support Tool for Planning Neighborhood-Scale Deployment of Low-Speed Shared Automated Shuttles". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, nr 9 (23.07.2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120925273.

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Increasing interest and investment in connected, automated, and electric vehicles as well as mobility-as-a-service (MaaS) concepts are paving the way for the next major transformation in transportation through automated and shared mobility. The initial excitement toward rapid deployment and adoption of automated vehicles (AVs) has subsided, and low-speed automated shuttles are emerging as a more pragmatic pathway for introducing automated mobility in geofenced districts. Such shuttles hold the promise to provide a viable alternative for serving short trips in urban districts with high travel densities. As interest in low-speed automated shuttle systems (to improve urban mobility) increases, the need for tools that can inform communities in relation to benefits or disadvantages of automated shuttle deployments is imminent. However, most of the existing transportation planning and simulation tools are not capable of handling emerging shared automated mobility options. This paper presents a microscopic simulation toolkit that can be used by cities and communities to plan for the deployment of low-speed automated shuttles systems, as well as other shared mobility options. Labeled as the Automated Mobility District modeling and simulation toolkit, the proposed decision support tool intends to help cities evaluate the mobility and sustainability impacts of deploying shared automated vehicles (SAVs) in geofenced regions. This paper describes the toolkit, as well as a sample scenario analysis for the deployment of low-speed automated shuttles in Greenville, South Carolina, U.S. Results from the scenario study demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed simulation toolkit in planning for advanced mobility systems.

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Tabattanon, Kamolnat, Patrik T. Schuler i Clive D’Souza. "Investigating Inclusive Design of Shared Automated Vehicles with Full-Scale Modeling". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, nr 1 (grudzień 2020): 965–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641232.

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Shared automated vehicles (SAVs) in the form of low-speed driverless shuttles have the potential to improve independent mobility for older adults and people with disabilities. At full vehicle autonomy and in the absence of an onboard operator, tasks such as ingress-egress, interior circulation, and securement of passengers and carry-on items will need to be safe, efficient, and independent. This paper describes a novel laboratory apparatus for conducting inclusive design research related to SAVs and presents preliminary findings from an ongoing preliminary study examining the effects of interior design configuration on ingress-egress performance for six wheelchair users. Early findings emphasize the interactions between diverse user abilities and technology design on user performance. The study demonstrates the potential benefit of full-scale physical simulations to investigating a broad range of usability and inclusive design issues related to emerging SAVs.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Shared Automated Vehicles"

Jaroudi, Ines. "Mobility externalities and sustainable urban development : the case of Shared Automated Vehicles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST031.

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Les villes sont des centres d'activité essentiels, mais leurs populations croissantes amplifient les préoccupations concernant la durabilité environnementale, la gestion des ressources et l'accès équitable à la mobilité. Pour relever ces défis, il faut opérer un changement de paradigme dans le domaine des transports urbains. Les innovations émergentes en matière de mobilité intelligente, notamment les véhicules partagés automatisés électriques (SAV), offrent une solution prometteuse pour redéfinir les cadres de la mobilité urbaine.Ces véhicules offrent le potentiel de révolutionner les transports en proposant des alternatives respectueuses de l'environnement et accessibles. Cependant, leur intégration réussie dans les environnements urbains nécessite une compréhension approfondie des stratégies de déploiement et de leurs impacts subséquents. Cette thèse vise à explorer les complexités entourant le déploiement des SAV et à étudier leurs implications potentielles pour le développement urbain durable dans les villes européennes.Elle se concentre sur les stratégies de déploiement et leur intégration dans les systèmes de transport. En utilisant la planification de scénarios, des revues de littérature et des calculs d'externalités, elle évalue les stratégies potentielles, en soulignant le rôle crucial de l'intégration pour des impacts positifs dans différents contextes urbains. L'analyse met en lumière comment les minibus automatisés (AM) dans le cadre d'une Mobilité en tant que Service (MaaS) et d'un Système de Transport Intelligent (ITS) pourraient soutenir les transports publics et fournir une solution aux défis de la mobilité urbaine tout en favorisant simultanément le développement urbain durable. Les recommandations politiques mettent en avant l'adaptation des infrastructures, l'engagement des parties prenantes et la promotion des transports multimodaux, en soulignant l'intégration des SAV pour réduire les coûts externes et encourager des pratiques de transport durables dans les villes
Cities are central hubs of activity, but their growing populations amplify concerns regarding environmental sustainability, resource management, and equitable access to mobility. To address these challenges, there needs to be a paradigm shift in urban transportation.Emerging innovations in smart mobility, specifically electric Shared Automated Vehicles (SAV), offer a promising solution to redefine urban mobility frameworks. These vehicles provide the potential to change the current transportation paradigm by offering environmentally friendly and accessible alternatives. However, their successful integration into urban settings requires a comprehensive understanding of deployment strategies and their subsequent impacts. This thesis aims to delve into the complexities surrounding the deployment of SAV, investigating their potential implications for Sustainable Urban Development in European cities.It focuses on deployment strategies and integration into transportation systems. Using scenario planning literature reviews and externalities calculations, it assesses potential strategies, emphasising integration's crucial role in positive impacts across urban contexts. The analysis highlights how Automated minibuses (AM) within a Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) and an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) could support public transport and provide a solution for urban mobility challenges in cities while simultaneously fostering Sustainable Urban Development. Policy recommendations highlight infrastructure adaptation, stakeholder engagement, and promotion of intermodal transport, emphasizing SAV's integration for reducing external costs and fostering sustainable transportation practices in cities

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Merat, Natasha, Tyron Louw, Ruth Madigan, Marc Wilbrink i Anna Schieben. "What externally presented information do VRUs require when interacting with fully Automated Road Transport Systems in shared space?" Elsevier, 2018. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72265.

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As the desire for deploying automated (“driverless”) vehicles increases, there is a need to understand how they might communicate with other road users in a mixed traffic, urban, setting. In the absence of an active and responsible human controller in the driving seat, who might currently communicate with other road users in uncertain/conflicting situations, in the future, understanding a driverless car’s behaviour and intentions will need to be relayed via easily comprehensible, intuitive and universally intelligible means, perhaps presented externally via new vehicle interfaces. This paper reports on the results of a questionnaire-based study, delivered to 664 participants, recruited during live demonstrations of an Automated Road Transport Systems (ARTS; SAE Level 4), in three European cities. The questionnaire sought the views of pedestrians and cyclists, focussing on whether respondents felt safe interacting with ARTS in shared space, and also what externally presented travel behaviour information from the ARTS was important to them. Results showed that most pedestrians felt safer when the ARTS were travelling in designated lanes, rather than in shared space, and the majority believed they had priority over the ARTS, in the absence of such infrastructure. Regardless of lane demarcations, all respondents highlighted the importance of receiving some communication information about the behaviour of the ARTS, with acknowledgement of their detection by the vehicle being the most important message. There were no clear patterns across the respondents, regarding preference of modality for these external messages, with cultural and infrastructural differences thought to govern responses. Generally, however, conventional signals (lights and beeps) were preferred to text-based messages and spoken words. The results suggest that until these driverless vehicles are able to provide universally comprehensible externally presented information or messages during interaction with other road users, they are likely to contribute to confusing and conflicting interactions between these actors, especially in a shared space setting, which may, therefore, reduce efficient traffic flow.

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Flodin, Caroline. "Sjöräddning och obemannade autonoma farkoster, hur är det med uppgifterna? : En fallstudie om riktlinjer för datahantering i sjöräddning med obemannade autonoma farkoster". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Informationssystem och digitalisering, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177792.

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Sjöräddning i Sverige sker genom samverkan mellan statliga verksamheter, kommuner och frivilligorganisationer för ett gemensamt mål att rädda personer som råkat i sjönöd. Tid är ofta en kritisk faktor i räddningsuppdragen men ett snabbt och oplanerat utryck riskerar samtidigt att sätta räddningsaktörerna själva i farozonen. Utvecklingen av obemannade autonoma farkoster för SAR (eng. Search And Rescue) ses som en lösning på behovet att kunna snabbt skicka hjälp till samt få ögon på incidentplatsen utan att försätta räddningsaktörerna för onödig risk. Nuvarande kommunikationssystem inom svensk sjöräddning kan dock inte hantera annan typ av information än muntlig varav räddningsaktörer endast känner till riktlinjer för hantering av muntlig information. Med ett framtida införande av autonoma farkoster kommer dock fler informationstyper att behöva hanteras i sjöräddningar varav oklarheten om vilka informationstyper autonoma farkoster samlar in och vilka datahanteringskrav som finns är problematiskt. Oklarhet om informationstyperna och deras datahanteringskrav är vidare problematiskt för utvecklingen och implementeringen av autonoma farkoster då risken finns att farkoster och tekniker utvecklas men inte får användas för att de inte är anpassade efter lagkraven på hantering av olika datatyper. I denna studie undersöks därför vilka informationstyper som autonoma farkoster kan samla in vid sjöräddning. Detta för att komma fram till vilka riktlinjer för datahantering som gäller vid sjöräddning med autonoma farkoster. Studien undersöker också vilka informationstyper som är kritiska för en SAR-sjöräddningssamverkan samt vilka informationsdelningsutmaningar som finns i dagens sjöräddning. Studien genomfördes i form av en kvalitativ fallstudie och har tillämpat ett socio-tekniskt systemperspektiv för att bättre se till helheten och besvara frågeställningarna. Resultatet av denna studie visar att autonoma farkoster kan samla in information om sin omgivning, vilket utgör grunden för att skapa en medvetenhet om situationen som är kritiskt för SAR-operationer, och kan även samla in information om sitt eget tillstånd. De lagverk som identifierats utgöra de huvudsakliga restriktionerna är kamerabevakningslagen, lagen för skydd av geografisk information, offentlighets- och sekretesslagen, GDPR och dataskyddslagen. Dessa lagverk innehåller riktlinjer för delning av information och personuppgiftsbehandling i SAR-sjöräddning. Kunskapsbidrag studien har genererat inkluderar bland annat identifiering av datatyper som kan samlas in av autonoma farkoster i en SAR-sjöräddning, och sannolikt andra typer av räddningsinsatser, och delning och hanteringskraven på de datatyperna i räddningsinsatser och därmed kunskap om vilka datatyper som är mest reglerade. Vidare kunskapsbidrag är kunskap om vilka informationstyper som är mest kritiska för SAR-sjöräddningar, och därför bör prioriteras att samlas in och delas, och identifieringen av utmaningar för informationsdelning mellan statliga verksamheter och frivilligorganisationer.
Maritime rescue in Sweden is performed through a cooperation between government agencies, municipalities and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) with the common goal of saving people in distress. Time is often a critical factor in the rescue missions but a fast and unplanned response may at the same time put the rescue workers in danger. The development of unmanned autonomous vehicles for SAR is seen as a solution to the need of being able to quickly sendhelp as well as get eyes on the scene of the incident without exposing the rescue workers for unnecessary risks. However, the current communications systems in Swedish maritime rescue are unable to handle any other type of information except verbal, meaning that rescue workers only know guidelines for handling verbal information. However, with a future implementation of autonomous vehicles, there will be a need to handle more information types in maritime rescue whereas the uncertainty regarding what kind of information autonomous vehicles collect and which data management requirements exist is problematic. The uncertainty about the information types and their data management requirements is also problematic for the development and implementation of autonomous vehicles as there is a risk that vehicles and technologies are developed but not allowed to be used because they are not adapted to the legal requirements on management of the different types of data. Therefore, in this study I examine what information types that autonomous vehicles can collect in a maritime rescue to find out what guidelines for data management that applies during a maritime rescue with autonomous vehicles. The study also examines what kind of information’s are critical for a SAR maritime rescue cooperation as well as what information sharing challenges exist in current maritime rescue. The study was performed as a qualitative case study and has used a socio-technical systems perspective so as to better see the overall picture and answer the research questions. The result shows that autonomous vehicles can collect information about their surroundings, which is the foundation for establishing situation awareness that is critical for SAR-operations, and that they can collect information about their own status. The main laws and regulations that have been identified as constituting the main restrictions are (translated from Swedish) the law of camera surveillance, the law for protection of geographical information, the public access to information and secrecy act, the GDPR and the data protection act. These contains guidelines for sharing information and the processing of personal data in SAR maritime rescue. The knowledge contributions of this study includes among others the identification of datatypes that can be collected by autonomous vehicles in SAR maritime rescue, and probably other types of rescue operations, and the sharing and management requirements on those datatypes in rescue operations and thus knowledge of what datatypes that are the most restricted. Further knowledge contributions is knowledge about which information types that are the most critical for SAR maritime rescue and thus should be prioritised for collection and sharing as well as the identification of challenges for information sharing between government agencies and NGOs.

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Guo, Chunshi. "Conception des principes de coopération conducteur-véhicule pour les systèmes de conduite automatisée". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0020/document.

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Face à l’évolution rapide des technologies nécessaires à l’automatisation de la conduite au cours de ces dernières années, les grands constructeurs automobiles promettent la commercialisation de véhicules autonomes à l’horizon 2020. Cependant, la définition des interactions entre les systèmes de conduite automatisée et le conducteur au cours de la tâche de conduite reste une question ouverte. L'objectif de cette thèse est de concevoir, développer et évaluer des principes de coopération entre le conducteur et les systèmes de conduite automatisée. Compte tenu de la complexité d'un tel Système Homme-Machine, la thèse propose, en premier lieu une architecture de contrôle coopératif hiérarchique et deux principes de coopération généraux sur deux niveaux dans l’architecture qui serviront ensuite de base commune pour la conception des systèmes coopératifs développés pour les cas d’usages définis. Afin d’assurer une coopération efficace avec le conducteur dans un environnement de conduite dynamique, le véhicule autonome a besoin de comprendre la situation et de partager sa compréhension de la situation avec le conducteur. Pour cela, cette thèse propose un formalisme de représentation de la scène de conduite basé sur le repère de Frenet. Ensuite, une méthode de prédiction de trajectoire est également proposée. Sur la base de la détection de manœuvre et de l'estimation du jerk, cette méthode permet d’améliorer la précision de la trajectoire prédite comparée à celle déterminée par la méthode basée sur une hypothèse d'accélération constante. Dans la partie d’études de cas, deux principes de coopération sont mis en œuvre dans deux cas d’usage. Dans le premier cas de la gestion d’insertion sur autoroute, un système de contrôle longitudinal coopératif est conçu. Il comporte une fonction de planification de manœuvre et de génération de trajectoire basée sur la commande prédictive. En fonction du principe de coopération, ce système peut à la fois gérer automatiquement l’insertion d’un véhicule et donner la possibilité au conducteur de changer la décision du système. Dans le second cas d'usage qui concerne le contrôle de trajectoire et le changement de voie sur autoroute, le problème de partage du contrôle est formulé comme un problème d’optimisation sous contraintes qui est résolu en ligne en utilisant l’approche de la commande prédictive (MPC). Cette approche assure le transfert continu de l’autorité du contrôle entre le système et le conducteur en adaptant les pondérations dans la fonction de coût et en mettant en œuvre des contraintes dynamiques en ligne dans le modèle prédictif, tout en informant le conducteur des dangers potentiels grâce au retour haptique sur le volant. Les deux systèmes sont évalués à l’aide de tests utilisateur sur simulateur de conduite. En fonction des résultats des tests, cette thèse discute la question des facteurs humains et la perception de l'utilisateur sur les principes de coopération
Given rapid advancement of automated driving (AD) technologies in recent years, major car makers promise the commercialization of AD vehicles within one decade from now. However, how the automation should interact with human drivers remains an open question. The objective of this thesis is to design, develop and evaluate interaction principles for AD systems that can cooperate with a human driver. Considering the complexity of such a human-machine system, this thesis begins with proposing two general cooperation principles and a hierarchical cooperative control architecture to lay a common basis for interaction and system design in the defined use cases. Since the proposed principles address a dynamic driving environment involving manually driven vehicles, the AD vehicle needs to understand it and to share its situational awareness with the driver for efficient cooperation. This thesis first proposes a representation formalism of the driving scene in the Frenet frame to facilitate the creation of the spatial awareness of the AD system. An adaptive vehicle longitudinal trajectory prediction method is also presented. Based on maneuver detection and jerk estimation, this method yields better prediction accuracy than the method based on constant acceleration assumption. As case studies, this thesis implements two cooperation principles for two use cases respectively. In the first use case of highway merging management, this thesis proposes a cooperative longitudinal control framework featuring an ad-hoc maneuver planning function and a model predictive control (MPC) based trajectory generation for transient maneuvers. This framework can automatically handle a merging vehicle, and at the mean time it offers the driver a possibility to change the intention of the system. In another use case concerning highway lane positioning and lane changing, a shared steering control problem is formulated in MPC framework. By adapting the weight on the stage cost and implementing dynamic constraints online, the MPC ensures seamless control transfer between the system and the driver while conveying potential hazards through haptic feedback. Both of the designed systems are evaluated through user tests on driving simulator. Finally, human factors issue and user’s perception on these new interaction paradigms are discussed

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Książki na temat "Shared Automated Vehicles"

Khan, Ata M., i Susan A. Shaheen, red. Shared Mobility and Automated Vehicles: Responding to socio-technical changes and pandemics. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pbtr020e.

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Sperling, Daniel. Three revolutions: Steering automated, shared, and electric vehicles to a better future. 2018.

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Khan, Ata M., i Susan Alison Shaheen. Shared Mobility and Automated Vehicles: Responding to Socio-Technical Changes and Pandemics. Institution of Engineering & Technology, 2022.

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Khan, Ata M., i Susan Alison Shaheen. Shared Mobility and Automated Vehicles: Responding to Socio-Technical Changes and Pandemics. Institution of Engineering & Technology, 2021.

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Części książek na temat "Shared Automated Vehicles"

Liu, Rongfang, Daniel J. Fagnant i Wei-Bin Zhang. "Beyond Single Occupancy Vehicles: Automated Transit and Shared Mobility". W Road Vehicle Automation 3, 259–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40503-2_21.

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Kortum, Katherine. "Preparing for Automated Vehicles and Shared Mobility: The Existential Questions". W Road Vehicle Automation 7, 135–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52840-9_13.

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Stetter, Ralf. "Extension to Automated Processes with Flexible Redundant and Shared Elements". W Fault-Tolerant Design and Control of Automated Vehicles and Processes, 177–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12846-3_8.

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Hub, Fabian, Marc Wilbrink, Carmen Kettwich i Michael Oehl. "Designing Ride Access Points for Shared Automated Vehicles - An Early Stage Prototype Evaluation". W Communications in Computer and Information Science, 560–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60703-6_72.

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Martin, Robert, Emilia M. Bruck i Aggelos Soteropoulos. "Transformations of European public spaces with AVs". W AVENUE21. Planning and Policy Considerations for an Age of Automated Mobility, 157–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67004-0_9.

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AbstractConnected and automated driving is one of several emerging mobility trends that will fundamentally impact the use and design of public spaces in the coming decades. The uptake of transportation network companies (TNCs), such as Uber, has shown that a greater use of shared modes adds more vehicles to the road and shifts pick-up and drop-off locations onto the street, i.e. increasing activity at the kerb (Larco 2018: 50; Erhardt et al. 2019). Similar effects were caused by recent waves of dockless micromobility options, such as free-floating bikes or e-scooters, which temporarily led to congested pavements and increased spatial demands in public space (Polis 2019).

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Martin, Robert, Emilia M. Bruck i Aggelos Soteropoulos. "Transformations of European Public Spaces with AVs". W AVENUE21. Politische und planerische Aspekte der automatisierten Mobilität, 159–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63354-0_9.

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ZusammenfassungConnected and automated driving is one of several emerging mobility trends that will fundamentally impact the use and design of public spaces in the coming decades. The uptake of transportation network companies (TNCs), such as Uber, has shown that a greater use of shared modes adds more vehicles to the road and shifts pickup and drop-off locations onto the street, i.e., increasing activity at the curb (Larco 2018: 50; Erhardt et al. 2019). Similar effects were caused by recent waves of dockless micromobility options, such as free-floating bikes or e-scooters, which temporarily led to congested sidewalks and increased spatial demands in public space (Polis 2019).

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Lazarus, Jessica, Susan Shaheen, Stanley E. Young, Daniel Fagnant, Tom Voege, Will Baumgardner, James Fishelson i J. Sam Lott. "Shared Automated Mobility and Public Transport". W Road Vehicle Automation 4, 141–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60934-8_13.

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Stocker, Adam, i Susan Shaheen. "Shared Automated Mobility: Early Exploration and Potential Impacts". W Road Vehicle Automation 4, 125–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60934-8_12.

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Stocker, Adam, i Susan Shaheen. "Shared Automated Vehicle (SAV) Pilots and Automated Vehicle Policy in the U.S.: Current and Future Developments". W Lecture Notes in Mobility, 131–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94896-6_12.

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Perret, Fabienne, i Christof Abegg. "How are automated vehicles driving spatial development in Switzerland?" W AVENUE21. Planning and Policy Considerations for an Age of Automated Mobility, 349–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67004-0_17.

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AbstractAutomated transport will gradually reshape our definition of mobility, and the change it brings will hardly make a stop at Switzerland’s borders. In recent years and with increasing intensity, researchers, policymakers and practitioners have been engaging with automated driving. In many respects, discussions mirror those in other countries, though they are much more strongly driven and shaped by public transport providers than by car manufacturers.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Shared Automated Vehicles"

Patel, Ronik Ketankumar, Roya Etminani-Ghasrodashti, Sharareh Kermanshachi, Jay Michael Rosenberger i Ann Foss. "How Riders Use Shared Autonomous Vehicles". W 18th International Conference on Automated People Movers and Automated Transit Systems. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784484388.008.

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Kim, Yeojun, Luca Onesto, Samuel Tay, Lujie Yang, Jacopo Guanetti, Sergio Savaresi i Francesco Borrelli. "Shared Perception for Connected and Automated Vehicles". W 2020 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iv47402.2020.9304842.

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Judalet, Vincent, Sebastien Glaser i Benoit Lusetti. "Incentive shared trajectory control for highly-automated driving". W 2013 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2013.6629611.

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Li, Li, DianChao Lin, Theodoros Pantelidis, Joseph Chow i Saif Eddin Jabari. "An Agent-based Simulation for Shared Automated Electric Vehicles with Vehicle Relocation*". W 2019 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference - ITSC. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2019.8917253.

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Martelaro, Nikolas, Debargha Dey, Gary Burnett, Helena K. Strömberg, Jonas Andersson i Andreas Löcken. "How to Manage Social Order in Shared Automated Vehicles". W AutomotiveUI '22: 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3544999.3550154.

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Patel, Ronik Ketankumar, Roya Etminani-Ghasrodashti, Sharareh Kermanshachi, Jay Michael Rosenberger i Ann Foss. "Impacts of Shared Autonomous Vehicles (SAVs) on Individuals’ Travel Behavior: Evidence from a Pilot Project". W 18th International Conference on Automated People Movers and Automated Transit Systems. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784484388.007.

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Xing, Yang, Chao Huang i Chen Lv. "Driver-Automation Collaboration for Automated Vehicles: A Review of Human-Centered Shared Control". W 2020 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iv47402.2020.9304755.

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Narri, Vandana, Amr Alanwar, Jonas Martensson, Christoffer Noren, Laura Dal Col i Karl Henrik Johansson. "Set-Membership Estimation in Shared Situational Awareness for Automated Vehicles in Occluded Scenarios". W 2021 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iv48863.2021.9575828.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Shared Automated Vehicles"

Shaheen, Susan, Elliot Shaheen, Adam Cohen, Jacquelyn Broader i Richard Davis. Managing the Curb: Understanding the Impacts of On-Demand Mobility on Public Transit, Micromobility, and Pedestrians. Mineta Transportation Institute, lipiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.1904.

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In recent years, innovative mobility and shifts in travel and consumption behavior are changing how people access and use the curb. Shared mobility—the shared use of a vehicle, bicycle, scooter, or other mode—coupled with outdoor dining, curbside pick-up, and robotic delivery are creating new needs related to the planning, management, and enforcement of curb access. This study examines curb planning and management from several angles, such as safety, social equity, and multimodal connections. This research employs a multi-method approach to identify the changing needs for curb space management and how to meet these needs through new planning and implementation policies and strategies. As part of this study, the authors conducted 23 interviews. Respondents were chosen to represent public, private, and non-profit sector perspectives. Additionally, the authors employed a survey of 1,033 curb users and 241 taxi, transportation network company (TNC), and public transportation drivers. The study finds that changes in mode choice and curbside use can result in a variety of impacts on access, social equity, congestion, device management, pick-up and drop-off, and goods delivery, to name a few. The curb also has the potential to be disrupted by emerging modes, such as robotic delivery vehicles (also known as personal delivery devices) and automated vehicles. As these emerging developments continue to impact the curb, it is becoming increasingly important for policymakers to have an appropriate framework for planning and managing curb space in urban areas.

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Larkin, Lance, Thomas Carlson, William D’Andrea, Andrew Johnson i Natalie Myers. Network development and autonomous vehicles : a smart transportation testbed at Fort Carson : project report summary and recommendations. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), listopad 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45941.

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In this work, a smart transportation testbed was utilized at Fort Carson to demonstrate three use cases for the primary purpose to plan, develop, demonstrate, and employ autonomous vehicle technologies at military installations and within the surrounding communities to evaluate commercially available Connected and Automated Vehicles and the potential to reduce base operating costs, improve safety and quality of life for military service members and their families, and deliver services more efficiently and effectively. To meet this purpose, an automated vehicle shuttle, an unmanned aerial system, and a wireless network were used and tested during the project. Results for the automated shuttle indicated that despite the quantity of data generated by operations, the contractors may not be ready to share information in a readily usable format. Additionally, successful use by the public is predicated on both knowing their mobility pat-terns and staff members promoting trust in the technology to prospective riders. Results for the unmanned aerial system showed successful identification of foreign object debris and runway cracks at the airfield. The wireless network is now operational and is used for additional work which utilizes the installed traffic cameras.

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Eastman, Brittany. Legal Issues Facing Automated Vehicles, Facial Recognition, and Privacy Rights. SAE International, lipiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022016.

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Facial recognition software (FRS) is a form of biometric security that detects a face, analyzes it, converts it to data, and then matches it with images in a database. This technology is currently being used in vehicles for safety and convenience features, such as detecting driver fatigue, ensuring ride share drivers are wearing a face covering, or unlocking the vehicle. Public transportation hubs can also use FRS to identify missing persons, intercept domestic terrorism, deter theft, and achieve other security initiatives. However, biometric data is sensitive and there are numerous remaining questions about how to implement and regulate FRS in a way that maximizes its safety and security potential while simultaneously ensuring individual’s right to privacy, data security, and technology-based equality. Legal Issues Facing Automated Vehicles, Facial Recognition, and Individual Rights seeks to highlight the benefits of using FRS in public and private transportation technology and addresses some of the legitimate concerns regarding its use by private corporations and government entities, including law enforcement, in public transportation hubs and traffic stops. Constitutional questions, including First, Forth, and Ninth Amendment issues, also remain unanswered. FRS is now a permanent part of transportation technology and society; with meaningful legislation and conscious engineering, it can make future transportation safer and more convenient.

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Barth, Matthew, Peng Hao, Guoyuan Wu, Shams Tanvir, Chao Wang, Jeff Gonder, Jacob Holden, Andrew Devall i Bingrong Sun. Evaluating Energy Efficiency Opportunities from Connected and Automated Vehicle Deployments Coupled with Shared Mobility in California. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1686114.

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Yan, Yujie, i Jerome F. Hajjar. Automated Damage Assessment and Structural Modeling of Bridges with Visual Sensing Technology. Northeastern University, maj 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17760/d20410114.

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Recent advances in visual sensing technology have gained much attention in the field of bridge inspection and management. Coupled with advanced robotic systems, state-of-the-art visual sensors can be used to obtain accurate documentation of bridges without the need for any special equipment or traffic closure. The captured visual sensor data can be post-processed to gather meaningful information for the bridge structures and hence to support bridge inspection and management. However, state-of-the-practice data postprocessing approaches require substantial manual operations, which can be time-consuming and expensive. The main objective of this study is to develop methods and algorithms to automate the post-processing of the visual sensor data towards the extraction of three main categories of information: 1) object information such as object identity, shapes, and spatial relationships - a novel heuristic-based method is proposed to automate the detection and recognition of main structural elements of steel girder bridges in both terrestrial and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based laser scanning data. Domain knowledge on the geometric and topological constraints of the structural elements is modeled and utilized as heuristics to guide the search as well as to reject erroneous detection results. 2) structural damage information, such as damage locations and quantities - to support the assessment of damage associated with small deformations, an advanced crack assessment method is proposed to enable automated detection and quantification of concrete cracks in critical structural elements based on UAV-based visual sensor data. In terms of damage associated with large deformations, based on the surface normal-based method proposed in Guldur et al. (2014), a new algorithm is developed to enhance the robustness of damage assessment for structural elements with curved surfaces. 3) three-dimensional volumetric models - the object information extracted from the laser scanning data is exploited to create a complete geometric representation for each structural element. In addition, mesh generation algorithms are developed to automatically convert the geometric representations into conformal all-hexahedron finite element meshes, which can be finally assembled to create a finite element model of the entire bridge. To validate the effectiveness of the developed methods and algorithms, several field data collections have been conducted to collect both the visual sensor data and the physical measurements from experimental specimens and in-service bridges. The data were collected using both terrestrial laser scanners combined with images, and laser scanners and cameras mounted to unmanned aerial vehicles.

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Hsueh, Gary, David Czerwinski, Cristian Poliziani, Terris Becker, Alexandre Hughes, Peter Chen i Melissa Benn. Using BEAM Software to Simulate the Introduction of On-Demand, Automated, and Electric Shuttles for Last Mile Connectivity in Santa Clara County. Mineta Transportation Institute, styczeń 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1822.

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Despite growing interest in low-speed automated shuttles, pilot deployments have only just begun in a few places in the U.S., and there is a lack of studies that estimate the impacts of a widespread deployment of automated shuttles designed to supplement existing transit networks. This project estimated the potential impacts of automated shuttles based on a deployment scenario generated for a sample geographic area: Santa Clara County, California. The project identified sample deployment markets within Santa Clara County using a GIS screening exercise; tested the mode share changes of an automated shuttle deployment scenario using BEAM, an open-source beta software developed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to run traffic simulations with MATSim; elaborated the model outputs within the R environment; and then estimated the related impacts. The main findings have been that the BEAM software, despite still being in its beta version, was able to model a scenario with the automated shuttle service: this report illustrates the potential of the software and the lessons learned. Regarding transportation aspects, the model estimated automated shuttle use throughout the county, with a higher rate of use in the downtown San José area. The shuttles would be preferred mainly by people who had been using gasoline-powered ride hail vehicles for A-to-B trips or going to the bus stop, as well as walking trips and a few car trips directed to public transport stops. As a result, the shuttles contributed to a small decrease in emissions of air pollutants, provided a competitive solution for short trips, and increased the overall use of the public transport system. The shuttles also presented a solution for short night trips—mainly between midnight and 2 am—when there are not many options for moving between points A and B. The conclusion is that the automated shuttle service is a good solution in certain contexts and can increase public transit ridership overall.

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Allen, Luke, Joon Lim, Robert Haehnel i Ian Detwiller. Rotor blade design framework for airfoil shape optimization with performance considerations. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), czerwiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41037.

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A framework for optimizing rotor blade airfoil shape is presented. The framework uses two digital workflows created within the Galaxy Simulation Builder (GSB) software package. The first is a workflow enabling the automated creation of a surrogate model for predicting airfoil performance coefficients. An accurate surrogate model for the rapid generation of airfoil coefficient tables has been developed using linear interpolation techniques that is based on C81Gen and ARC2D CFD codes. The second workflow defines the rotor blade optimization problem using GSB and the Dakota numerical optimization library. The presented example uses a quasi-Newton optimization algorithm to optimize the tip region of the UH-60A main rotor blade with respect to vehicle performance. This is accomplished by morphing the blade tip airfoil shape for optimum power, subject to a constraint on the maximum pitch link load.

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