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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Shale gas boom"
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Gazal, Kathryn A., i Kathleen G. Arano. "Marcellus Shale Gas Boom and Forestry Employment: Evidence from West Virginia". Forest Science 67, nr 4 (8.06.2021): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxab014.
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Abstract Advancement in drilling technology has increased natural gas extraction activities from the Marcellus shale deposit resulting in a shale gas boom in many regions, including West Virginia. This boom has created a significant labor demand shock to local economies experiencing the boom. A number of studies have shown that a shale gas boom directly increases employment and the income of those working in the industry. However, the boom can also have an adverse impact on other sectors through the resource movement effect and intersector labor mobility, pulling workers away from a related sector like forestry. Thus, an econometric model of employment in the forestry sector was developed to investigate the impact of the Marcellus shale gas boom in West Virginia. There is evidence of a labor movement effect with forestry employment negatively affected by the Marcellus shale boom. Specifically, the overall marginal effect of the shale boom on forestry employment is approximately 435 fewer jobs. However, the extent of the decline is slightly moderated by a higher relative wage between gas and forestry, perhaps suggesting diminishing returns and overall slack in the local labor market.
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MURTAZASHVILI, ILIA. "Institutions and the shale boom". Journal of Institutional Economics 13, nr 1 (19.09.2016): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137416000242.
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AbstractThis paper uses the institutional economics of Douglass North to explain three features of the shale boom: why fracking technology emerged in the United States, the rapid increase in production of natural gas in the United States and the uneven response to these new economic opportunities in shale-rich economies. It argues that the institutional matrix of the United States, in particular private ownership of minerals, encouraged experimentation on the barren Texas oil and gas fields, where fracking technology emerged and the rapid transfer of mineral rights to gas companies. Institutional entrepreneurs, namely landmen and lawyers, facilitated contracting between owners of mineral rights and drillers. Private ownership of minerals and an ideology supportive of drilling provide insight into the adoption of regulations that encourage hydraulic fracturing.
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Beckwith, Robin. "The Marcellus Shale Gas Boom Evolves". Journal of Petroleum Technology 65, nr 06 (1.06.2013): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0613-0034-jpt.
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Kudelsky, A. V. "Geological-geochemical inconsistency of gas-shale boom". Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal 36, nr 1 (24.11.2014): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24028/gzh.0203-3100.v36i1.2014.116155.
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Degnan, Tom. "The shale gas “boom”: implicatons for catalysis". Focus on Catalysts 2016, nr 9 (wrzesień 2016): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.focat.2016.08.001.
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Liu, Yang. "Remote Sensing of Forest Structural Changes Due to the Recent Boom of Unconventional Shale Gas Extraction Activities in Appalachian Ohio". Remote Sensing 13, nr 8 (9.04.2021): 1453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13081453.
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Dense unconventional shale gas extraction activities have occurred in Appalachian Ohio since 2010 and they have caused various landcover changes and forest fragmentation issues. This research investigated the most recent boom of unconventional shale gas extraction activities and their impacts on the landcover changes and forest structural changes in the Muskingum River Watershed in Appalachian Ohio. Triple-temporal high-resolution natural-color aerial images from 2006 to 2017 and a group of ancillary geographic information system (GIS) data were first used to digitize the landcover changes due to the recent boom of these unconventional shale gas extraction activities. Geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) was then employed to form forest patches as image objects and to accurately quantify the forest connectivity. Lastly, the initial and updated forest image objects were used to quantify the loss of core forest as the two-dimensional (2D) forest structural changes, and initial and updated canopy height models (CHMs) derived from airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point clouds were used to quantify the loss of forest volume as three-dimensional (3D) forest structural changes. The results indicate a consistent format but uneven spatiotemporal development of these unconventional shale gas extraction activities. Dense unconventional shale gas extraction activities formed two apparent hotspots. Two-thirds of the well pad facilities and half of the pipeline right-of-way (ROW) corridors were constructed during the raising phase of the boom. At the end of the boom, significant forest fragmentation already occurred in both hotspots of these active unconventional shale gas extraction activities, and the areal loss of core forest reached up to 14.60% in the densest concentrated regions of these activities. These results call for attention to the ecological studies targeted on the forest fragmentation in the Muskingum River Watershed and the broader Appalachian Ohio regions.
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Polyakova, T. V. "Prospects for the North America’ shale hydrocarbons development". MGIMO Review of International Relations, nr 1(34) (28.02.2014): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-1-34-97-105.
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An entire generation of American politicians were concerned about the growing U.S. dependence on imported oil and natural gas. However, in the last few years the situation has changed dramatically: there was started the development of not only the resources of shale gas, but shale oil. As a result in political and economic circles they began to talk about it as the most significant breakthrough in the energy resources development since the oil boom in Texas in the late 1920s. How large are these resources? What problems have to be overcome if the available potential will be realized? How will this problems affect the U.S. energy policy? Concerns about the adequacy of regulation, in particular the environmental issues associated with the non-conventional hydrocarbons production, have led to the internal public debate on the impact of unconventional oil and gas resources mining boom. One thing is clear: significant amounts of additional oil and gas supplies in the U.S. will have far-reaching political consequences for the world. The article presents the different points of view on the prospects for oil and gas production in North America, as well as on the political issues related to it.
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Ridha, Taufik, Yiru Li, Emre Gençer, Jeffrey Siirola, Jeffrey Miller, Fabio Ribeiro i Rakesh Agrawal. "Valorization of Shale Gas Condensate to Liquid Hydrocarbons through Catalytic Dehydrogenation and Oligomerization". Processes 6, nr 9 (23.08.2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6090139.
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The recent shale gas boom has transformed the energy landscape of the United States. Compared to natural gas, shale resources contain a substantial amount of condensate and natural gas liquids (NGLs). Many shale basin regions located in remote areas are lacking the infrastructure to distribute the extracted NGLs to other regions—particularly the Gulf Coast, a major gas processing region. Here we present a shale gas transformation process that converts NGLs in shale resources into liquid hydrocarbons, which are easier to transport from these remote basins than NGL or its constituents. This process involves catalytic dehydrogenation followed by catalytic oligomerization. Thermodynamic process analysis shows that this process has the potential to be more energy efficient than existing NGL-to-liquid fuel (NTL) technologies. In addition, our estimated payback period for this process is within the average lifetime of shale gas wells. The proposed process holds the promise to be an energy efficient and economically attractive step to valorize condensate in remote shale basins.
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Smead, Richard G. "Natural Gas Matters: The Shale Boom, Captive Supply, and the “Super Build”". Natural Gas & Electricity 31, nr 5 (21.11.2014): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gas.21804.
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Arano, Kathleen, Marieta Velikova i Kathryn Gazal. "Marcellus Shale play and the cointegration of natural gas markets in the Northeast". International Journal of Energy Sector Management 12, nr 4 (5.11.2018): 470–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-08-2017-0006.
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Purpose The development of the Marcellus Shale Play has altered the geography of production in the USA, particularly in the Northeast natural gas market. The purpose of this paper is to examine its impact on an already integrated industry. Design/methodology/approach The authors utilize the methodology of co-integration and focus on the geographic reach of the Marcellus region to examine movements of prices across the upstream, midstream and downstream segments of the industry. Findings The results of this paper indicate that prices across segments remain strongly co-integrated with the boom in production. The short-run dynamics, however, reveal a slower adjustment to the long-run equilibrium following the boom, particularly for wellhead to city-gate and wellhead to residential prices. Originality/value The growth in delivery infrastructure has not kept up with the boom in production creating bottlenecks. The supply shock brought about by the boom in production has not altered previously established co-integrating relationships but has altered the speeds of adjustment towards the long-run equilibrium.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Shale gas boom"
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Shepard, Michael. "Shale and Family Through the Boom and Bust: Shale Employment’s Impact on Marriage, Divorce, and Cohabitation". The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523873757214608.
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Záhradníková, Lea. "Ťažba z bridlicových ložísk v USA od 70. rokov 20. storočia k prelomu milénií: cesta k energetickej nezávislosti?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193428.
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Master's s thesis determines potential influence of "shale miracle" observed in the U.S. since the first decade of new millennium on energy independence which has been one of the U.S. policy priorities since the 1970s' oil shocks. Technological development and innovations supported by the government triggered an unexpected and in its way unique boom, which significantly strengthened the U.S. economy. The thesis examines impact of oil crises on the U.S. energy policy, history of unconventional gas and oil extraction, and the federal involvement in energy R&D programs. Energy independence is analyzed in terms of three fundamental pillars (reducing the amount of imported oil, reducing the energy intensity of economy and increasing energy self-sufficiency). All of the models, schemes and calculations cover a period of 1973-2013. Two indicators -- improving self-sufficiency and decreasing energy intensity of the economy -- speak in favor of achievable energy independence. However, deficient energy balance suggests otherwise. In case the need to fill the gap between energy production and consumption by foreign oil imports (which have been at their historically highest values since the 1990s) remains, then a complete energy independence as well as security is just an illusion.
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Jonathan, Norris Allen. "Transitioning Central Appalachia: Understanding Framework Conditions Supporting the Adaptation to New Energy Economies". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1524242893014265.
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Michelet, Félix. "Trois essais sur les impacts du déploiement des énergies renouvelables". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLM018.
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Cette thèse est composée de trois chapitres indépendants portant sur les implications du déploiement des énergies renouvelables. Elle examine comment ces énergies contribuent à la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre et comment elles peuvent affecter négativement les populations locales. Les deux premiers chapitres se concentrent sur la valeur environnementale des énergies renouvelables, c'est-à-dire la quantité d'émissions de CO2 évitées par la génération d'un mégawatt-heure additionnel, et le Chapitre 3 sur le phénomène de NIMBYism.Le Chapitre 1 analyse comment la valeur environnementale des renouvelables est modifiée par l'intégration des marchés de l'électricité. Il montre que cette intégration augmente les émissions évitées en France grâce à l'éolien espagnol, mais diminue celles évitées en Espagne, réduisant ainsi la valeur environnementale globale. Ce résultat est dû à une substitution moindre du charbon en Espagne et à une plus grande substitution du gaz en France. Il en résulte un coût de la réduction de la tonne de CO2 supérieur.Le Chapitre 2 quantifie les variations régionales de la valeur environnementale aux États-Unis en fonction des prix des combustibles et du CO2. Il révèle que sans prix du carbone, les renouvelables remplacent principalement du gaz, offrant des bénéfices modestes. Avec un prix du carbone croissant, le charbon devient marginal, augmentant la valeur environnementale des renouvelables jusqu'à un seuil. Au-delà de celui-ci, le charbon devient non rentable, et la valeur environnementale diminue à mesure que le gaz redevient marginal.Le Chapitre 3 examine l'impact des éoliennes sur les prix immobiliers en Allemagne, documentant le phénomène NIMBY (opposition locale). Les résultats montrent une baisse des prix des maisons, du tourisme local et des permis de construire suite à l'installation de nouvelles turbines. Ces effets sont plus prononcés pour la première turbine. Sur le plan positif, chaque éolienne installée augmente la capacité fiscale locale d'une municipalité grâce à sa contribution aux revenus fiscaux commerciaux locauxThis thesis consists of three independent chapters examining the implications of deploying renewable energies. It explores how these energies contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and how they can negatively affect local populations. The first two chapters focus on the environmental value of renewable energies, specifically the amount of CO2 emissions avoided by generating an additional megawatt-hour. The third chapter focuses on the NIMBYism phenomenon.Chapter 1 analyzes how the environmental value of renewables is altered by the integration of electricity markets. It shows that market integration increases emissions avoided in France due to Spanish wind energy but decreases more those avoided in Spain, thus reducing the overall environmental value. This result is attributed to a lesser substitution of coal in Spain and a greater substitution of gas in France, leading to a higher cost of CO2 reduction.Chapter 2 quantifies regional variations in the environmental value in the United States based on fuel and CO2 prices. It reveals that without a carbon price, renewables primarily replace gas, offering modest benefits. As the carbon price increases, coal becomes the marginal technology, enhancing the environmental value of renewables up to a threshold. Beyond this point, coal becomes uneconomical, and the environmental value decreases as gas becomes the marginal source again.Chapter 3 examines the impact of wind turbines on property prices in Germany, documenting the NIMBYism phenomenon. The results show a decrease in house prices, local tourism and building permits following the installation of new turbines. These effects are more pronounced for the first turbine. On the positive side, each installed wind turbine increases a municipality's local tax capacity through their contribution to local commercial tax income
Książki na temat "Shale gas boom"
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Kozera, Greg. Just the fracks, ma'am: The truth about hydrofracking and the next great American boom. 2012.
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Bamberger, Michelle, i Robert Oswald. Real Cost of Fracking: How America's Shale Gas Boom Is Threatening Our Families, Pets, and Food. Beacon Press, 2014.
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The Real Cost of Fracking: How America's Shale Gas Boom Is Threatening Our Families, Pets, and Food. Beacon Press, 2015.
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The Real Cost Of Fracking How Americas Shalegas Boom Is Threatening Our Families Pets And Food. Beacon Press, 2014.
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Publishing, Engy. This Too Shall Pass: Gas & Mileage Log Book. Independently Published, 2019.
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Deitrick, Sabina E., i Ilia Murtazashvili, red. When Fracking Comes to Town. Cornell University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501760983.001.0001.
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This book traces the response of local communities to the shale gas revolution. Rather than cast communities as powerless to respond to oil and gas companies and their landmen, it shows that communities have adapted their local rules and regulations to meet the novel challenges accompanying unconventional gas extraction through fracking. The multidisciplinary perspectives of the book's chapters tie together insights from planners, legal scholars, political scientists, and economists. What emerges is a more nuanced perspective of shale gas development and its impacts on municipalities and residents. Unlike many political debates that cast fracking in black-and-white terms, this book embraces the complexity of local responses to fracking. States adapted legal institutions to meet the new challenges posed by this energy extraction process while under-resourced municipal officials and local planning offices found creative ways to alleviate pressure on local infrastructure and reduce harmful effects of fracking on the environment. The book tells a story of community resilience with the rise and decline of shale gas production.
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Publishing, Engy. Every Knee Shall Bow - Romans 14 : 11: Gas & Mileage Log Book. Independently Published, 2019.
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Shake Things Up: Love at Knockdown, Book Two. LLC, Chaotic Neutral Press, 2022.
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Poston, Steven W., Marcelo Laprea-Bigott i Bobby D. Poe. Analysis of Oil and Gas Production Performance. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/9781613996652.
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The practical aspects of analyzing production performance have changed due to the increased exploitation efforts in unconventional reservoirs. Analysis of Oil and Gas Production Performance expands on these developing well-evaluation procedures and includes the latest best practices for new areas of shale and tight formation reservoirs. Built on the core fundamentals of curve analysis found in Poston and Poe’s book, Analysis of Production Decline Curves, this new book is intended for engineers, geologists, and anyone working in the oil and gas industry with an interest in production forecasting of conventional and unconventional resources for evaluation and development.
Części książek na temat "Shale gas boom"
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Di Sbroiavacca, Nicolas. "Shale Oil and Shale Gas in Argentina. State of Situation and Prospective". W The Latin American Studies Book Series, 281–300. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65520-4_4.
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Spencer, Sarah, Ilker Ataç, Zach Bastick, Adrienne Homberger, Simon Güntner, Maren Kirchhoff i Marie Mallet-Garcia. "The Shaping of Municipal Policies on Inclusion". W IMISCOE Research Series, 13–38. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55851-1_2.
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AbstractThis chapter contextualises recent developments at municipal level in Europe and the ways in which these have been addressed in the research literature. The chapter sets out the national policy frameworks within which local authorities must navigate their approach to precarious migrants and summarises the state of play on inclusion. A key theme is the contrast between national and municipal approaches, and the paradox of simultaneous policies of formal exclusion and formal inclusion, within and between each tier of governance. The chapter considers the significance of multi-level and horizontal governance arrangements; of municipal framing of rationales for service provision; the range of actors involved in delivering services; and the factors which shape service access and exclusion, including data ‘firewalls’. The chapter identifies gaps in the existing evidence and analysis which are addressed in the book.
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Otto, Daniel, i Michael Kerres. "Distributed Learning Ecosystems in Education: A Guide to the Debate". W Distributed Learning Ecosystems, 13–30. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38703-7_2.
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AbstractLearning spaces are vital for education but subject to rapid transformation. The internet is the emerging space where learning takes place. The concept of learning ecosystems reflects the idea that in today’s learning processes, different elements interact and influence each other. For higher education, a learning ecosystem comprises all services, resources, and environments within the institution that enable or support learning processes. However, this chapter argues that, although learning ecosystems are increasingly established in higher education, essential features that are missing are their permeability and interconnectedness. The chapter aims to close this gap by introducing the concept of distributed learning ecosystems (DLEs). DLEs follow the idea of establishing a link between decentralised learning ecosystems (consisting of content repositories and educational resources). Thus, DLEs serve as an integrated approach that enables learners to access and use learning content and share resources. With reference to the other chapters in the book, the paper illustrates challenges and solutions on the road to DLEs.
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Eleonorasdotter, Emma. "Drugs, Alcohol and Medicine in Sweden". W Women’s Drug Use in Everyday Life, 49–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46057-9_2.
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AbstractThis background chapter sets the scene for the ethnographic study of Swedish women who use drugs (Part II of this book). It reviews historical and contemporary research on, and cultural representations of, drugs, paying specific attention to class and gender. How drugs first came into use in the Western world is examined under the heading Drug Laws and Drug Culture, and from there how they spread and how different substances and preparations came to be regarded from a legal and moral perspective. Why is alcohol not obviously perceived as a drug, and what roles do class and gender play in the laws and moral positions related to intoxication? Drugs and Women focuses on the legal market for controlled medicines and its connection to women. Why do women use more medicines but fewer illicit drugs than men? This is related to how women’s drug use has been constructed historically, and how the effects of different substances can be related to gender and class. In 1968, the Narcotics Penalty Act came into force in Sweden, and from then onwards, certain drugs became more strictly regulated. The fourth section, Sweden’s Drug Problem from the 1960s Onwards, examines how this happened and explains that illness and social deviation have been two influential perspectives on how drug use is viewed, with roots extending far back in history. This is reflected in the remarkable gap between drug policy and drug research in Sweden since the 1980s, during which period repressive policies have been fiercely debated. The last section, Qualitative Research on People who Use Drugs, looks into studies based on fieldwork and interviews with people who use drugs, especially women. The majority of such studies, and drug research in general, focus on men and on socially marginalised people who use drugs. In this book, I argue that such a focus helps to shape the understanding of drugs and drug use in Sweden. When linked to marginalised people only, moral condemnation of drugs and drug use that builds on that research will be directed towards a specific group of people, rather than particular substances and their use.
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Krupnick, Alan, i Zhongmin Wang. "Lessons from the U.S. Shale Gas Boom". W Energy Tax and Regulatory Policy in Europe, 223–54. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10988.003.0016.
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Murtazashvili, Ilia, i Ennio Piano. "The Shale Boom in Historical Perspective". W When Fracking Comes to Town, 21–36. Cornell University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501760983.003.0002.
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This chapter offers several points that frame the analysis of governance, planning, and economic impacts associated with fracking in the rest of the book. It shows that some of the accounts of the shale boom were based on perceptions of the past, rather than facts. This chapter's reading of the gold rush history is that it was orderly, and that the government was involved in the governance of miners in California. States have also been responsive to new challenges presented by the shale boom, which calls into question the notion of laissez-faire regulatory stances by the states. On balance, states that allowed fracking balance economic opportunities with regulation of the socially costly aspects of shale gas production. It is also important to keep in mind that there are many external effects that are not internalized, including the fact that no amount of fracking is “sustainable.”
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"A Comment on “Lessons from the U.S. Shale Gas Boom”". W Energy Tax and Regulatory Policy in Europe. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10988.003.0017.
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McClure, Nicholas G., Ion G. Simonides i Jeremy G. Weber. "The Boom, the Bust, and the Cost of the Cleanup". W When Fracking Comes to Town, 221–42. Cornell University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501760983.003.0012.
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This chapter considers the important question of what happens to wells, and whether the economic incentives are appropriately designed for inducing socially efficient behavior. State governments require operators of oil and gas wells to reclaim well sites at the end of a well's economic life. To encourage and fund proper reclamation, states require operators to set aside money in the form of a bond, which is forfeited to the state if the operator abandons a well without reclaiming it to state standards. The state can then use the money to pay contractors for reclamation. Estimates of the cost of reclaiming shale gas wells suggests that current bonding requirements are too low, especially in Pennsylvania. The chapter uses the relationships between well characteristics and reclamation costs to provide a better estimate of the cost of reclaiming the typical shale gas well in Pennsylvania.
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Deitrick, Sabina E., i Ilia Murtazashvili. "Introduction". W When Fracking Comes to Town, 1–18. Cornell University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501760983.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter considers how communities have dealt with the shale boom, including its economic costs. The shale boom refers to the dramatic rise in U.S. shale gas production starting in the late 1990s and continuing into the 2020s. The focus is on how planners and government officials have responded to the challenges and opportunities from natural resource extraction. Many of these challenges may be exacerbated as state and local governments deal with the financial fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the potential for increased pressure for shale gas development as a way to boost the economy and keep prices low as the curve flattens. The chapter attempts to provide insight into the specific legal, governance, planning, and economic challenges faced, as well as an understanding of how communities have responded when they often had no choice in the matter.
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Hall, Adelyn, i Carla Chifos. "Using Boomtown Models to Understand the Consequences of Fracking". W When Fracking Comes to Town, 97–115. Cornell University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501760983.003.0006.
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This chapter reflects on the resource curse and the boom-bust consequences familiar in the rural United States. It presents a case study of Bradford County in Pennsylvania's northern tier, which lies above part of the Marcellus Shale. As largely agricultural Bradford County transforms rapidly with natural gas extraction, boomtown models are compared, with the Bradford County current shale gas boom following along lines of previous energy boomtowns. The new energy development in Bradford County and its communities follows models developed over decades by researchers and planners studying boom and bust trends and development. But in contrast to more typical scenarios, Bradford County responded with new focuses on human capital investments, new partnerships with higher education institutions, and other capacity-building initiatives for local officials and community stakeholders to shift the power balance to community development rather than reactive responses.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Shale gas boom"
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Kang, Siwei, i Chang Hong Gao. "Shale Gas Boom in the USA Inspires Chinese Operators". W SPE/EAGE European Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/167723-ms.
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Madden, Brian, i Shapour Vossoughi. "US Shale Gas and Tight Oil Boom - The Opportunities and Risks for America". W SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/165770-ms.
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Villarroel, Enrique, Gocha Chochua, Alex Garro i Abinesh Gnanavelu. "High-Pressure Flexible Pipe for Fracturing Fluid Delivery". W SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204530-ms.
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Abstract Hydraulic fracturing is a well stimulation treatment that has been around since the 1940s, becoming more popular in recent years because of the unconventional hydraulic fracturing boom in North America. Between the 1990s and 2000s, the oil and gas industry found an effective way to extract hydrocarbons from formations that were previously uneconomical to produce. Consolidated unconventional formations such as shale and other tight rocks can now be artificially fractured to induce connectivity among the pores containing hydrocarbons, enabling them to easily flow into the wellbore for recovery at the surface. The method of fracturing unconventional reservoirs requires a large amount of surface equipment, continuously working to stimulate the multiple stages perforated along the horizontal section of the shale formation. The operations normally happen on a single or multi-wells pad with several sets of perforations fractured by using the zipper-fracturing methodology (Sierra & Mayerhofer, 2014). Compared with conventional hydraulic fracturing, the surface equipment must perform for extended pump time periods with only short stops for maintenance and replacement of damaged components. This paper addresses improvements made to the fracturing fluid delivery systems as an alternative to the fracturing iron traditionally used in fracture stimulation services. The improvement aims to enhance equipment reliability and simplify surface setup while reducing surface friction pressure during the hydraulic fracturing treatment.
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Onuoha, K. Mosto, i Chidozie I. Dim. "Prospects and Challenges of Developing Unconventional Petroleum Resources in the Anambra Inland Basin of Nigeria". W SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2571791-ms.
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ABSTRACT The boom in the development of unconventional petroleum resources, particularly shale gas in the United States of America during the last decade has had far reaching implications for energy markets across the world and particularly for Nigeria, a country that traditionally has been Africa’s leading crude oil producer and exporter. The Cretaceous Anambra Basin is currently the only inland basin in Nigeria where the existence of commercial quantities of oil and gas has been proven (outside the Tertiary Niger Delta Basin). The possibility of similarly finding commercially viable resources of unconventional petroleum resources in the basin appears quite attractive on the basis of the existence of seepages of shale oil and presence of coal-bed methane in some of the coal seams of the Mamu Formation (Lower Coal Measures) in the basin. This paper presents the results of our preliminary assessment of the shale oil and gas resources of the Anambra Basin. Our main objective is to locate the zones of very high quality plays within the basin, focusing on their depositional environments (whether marine or non-marine), areal extent of the target shale formations, gross shale intervals, total organic content, and thermal maturity. Data on the total organic content (TOC %, by weight) and thermal maturity of shales from different wells in the basin show that many of the shales have high TOCs (i.e greater than 2%) comparable to known shale gas and shale oil plays globally. Shale oil seepages are known to occur around Lokpanta in south-eastern Nigeria, but there is a general predominance of gas-prone facies in our inland basins indicating good prospects for finding unconventional petroleum in this and other Nigerian inland sedimentary basins. The main challenge to the exploration of unconventional resources in Nigeria today has to do with the absence of the enabling laws and regulatory framework governing their exploration and subsequent exploitation. The revised Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) currently under consideration in the National Assembly is expected to introduce drastic and lasting changes in the way the petroleum industry business is conducted in the country, but all the provisions of the draft law pertain mainly to conventional oil and gas resources.
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Zhang, P., D. Su, B. Tulu i B. H. Kim. "Lessons Learned from Recent Longwall Mine-By Cases with Uncemented Casings". W 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0262.
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ABSTRACT: Over 2,000 shale gas wells have been drilled in the longwall reserves of the Pittsburgh Coal Seam. When gas wells are in the vicinity of longwall mining, casing deformations are likely to occur due to longwall-induced subsurface movements and abutment stresses. One way to prevent casing deformation is to use a cementing alternative by leaving production casing uncemented. This paper presents three mine-by cases in which shale gas wells were in the chain pillars and the production casings were uncemented. These cases represent mine-by scenarios under shallow, medium, and deep cover. Casing deformations were measured with multi-finger caliper survey and predicted with numerical modeling. These mine-by case studies provide a general demonstration of how uncemented casing can uncouple production casing from longwall-induced stresses and deformations. Based on measurements of casing deformations and numerical modeling, the factors mentioned above are further analyzed to indicate in what conditions a cementing alternative may not eliminate production casing deformations. The knowledge gained from the mine-by case studies would help longwall operators and gas companies to optimize pillar design and casing design, thus minimizing the influence of longwall mining in the stability of shale gas wells in longwall pillars. 1. INTRODUCTION With the shale gas boom, about 2,000 shale gas wells have been drilled through the current and future Pittsburgh coal reserves over the past 20 years. These shale gas wells, if located in longwall pillars, will be influenced by longwall mining. Longwall-induced subsurface ground movements would induce deformations in gas well casings. The concern is that if casing deformation is excessive, a casing breach could occur, and high-pressure shale gas could leak into the longwall mine with serious results. Because of the safety concern of gas wells in longwall pillars, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has been conducting research since 2016 to evaluate the effects of longwall mining on casing deformations under various mining depths and geological conditions. NIOSH research has found that casing deformations are mainly caused by subsurface horizontal movements, especially under shallow and medium cover. NIOSH researchers have done several case studies with test wells in chain pillars under different overburden depths [Su (2016, 2017), Su et al. (2018, 2019), Zhang and Su (2021), and Zhang et al. (2022)]. These studies showed that longwall-induced relative horizontal displacements occur at weak-to-strong rock interfaces and are higher under shallow cover than under deep cover. The studies also showed that longwall-induced horizontal displacements are also affected by surface topography and strata dip.
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Tulu, I. B., P. Zhang, D. Su, Z. Khademian i B. H. Kim. "Analyzing Shale Gas Well Casing Deformation in Pittsburgh Seam Longwall Chain Pillars: A Case Study Integrating Numerical Methods and Field Monitoring". W 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0608.
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ABSTRACT: In the Northern Appalachian region of the U.S., the coexistence of longwall coal mining and shale gas operations is a prominent feature. The gas wells in the vicinity of the longwall operations entail the potential for casing deformations arising from mining-induced subsidence and abutment stresses. Researchers at the Pittsburgh Mining Research Division (PMRD) of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) have been employing a combination of field monitoring and calibrated numerical modeling methods to formulate engineering strategies for assessing the effects of longwall mining operations on gas well casing integrity and implementing measures to mitigate potential damage. This paper introduces the numerical modeling approach developed by PMRD researchers and verifies it by comparing the model's predictions of longwall-induced casing deformations with measurements from shale gas wells located in the gateroad chain pillar of the Pittsburgh coal seam longwall operation. The longwall panels adjacent to gas well chain pillars operate at a depth of approximately 313 meters, with a mining height of 2.1 meters and panel widths ranges between 450 to 480 meters. The gas well is constructed with fully cemented surface and intermediate casings, with the production casing left uncemented from the surface down to below the Pittsburgh coal seam. The model predicted that, following the first panel mining, the production casing would remain deformation-free, as the maximum predicted intermediate casing deformation falls below the annular space between the intermediate and production casing. This model prediction was subsequently confirmed through casing deformations monitored using a multi-finger caliper survey following the mining of the first panel. 1. INTRODUCTION Pennsylvania is the second largest natural gas producer in the U.S., and since the 2005 shale gas boom, thousands of unconventional gas wells have been drilled through the Pittsburgh coal seam where the coexistence of longwall coal mining and shale gas operations is a prominent feature (Zhang et al., 2023). Pittsburgh coal seam longwall mines on average extract 460-m-wide and 4,000-m-long panels. The gas wells in the vicinity of these longwall operations entail the potential for casing deformations arising from mining-induced subsidence and abutment stresses, and if the deformations would be large enough to damage casing, that would lead to potentially hazardous conditions for the mine workers. The Pittsburgh Mining Research Division (PMRD) of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) started a research project in 2016 to formulate engineering strategies for assessing the effects of longwall mining operations on gas well casing integrity and implementing measures to mitigate potential damage.
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Dranuta, Diego, i Derek Johnson. "Analysis on Combined Heat and Power and Combined Heat and Power Hybrid Systems for Unconventional Drilling Operations". W ASME 2021 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2021-67492.
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Abstract The United States (U.S.) has experienced a natural gas “boom” due to the development of unconventional shale plays, but well development is energy intensive. Operations use electric drilling rigs typically powered by either three high-horsepower diesel engines (HHPDE) or three dedicated natural gas engines (DNGE) and associated generators. From a first law analysis, HHPDEs peak at about 42% efficient at full load, while DNGE peak at about 30%. Most fuel energy is lost as heat rejected by the exhaust and radiators. Concurrently, during cold seasonsor or in cold regions rigs utilize boilers to provide steam throughout the rig to prevent freezing and provide comfort. Our analysis focused on a combined heat power (CHP) approach to improve the utilization factor (UF) of fossil energy consumed during unconventional drilling operations. Engine activity, boiler fuel consumption, and exhaust gas temperatures were recorded during winter drilling of an entire well in the Marcellus shale. Four characteristic activity cycles were extracted from recorded activity to represent four energy consumption scenarios. Exhaust and jacket water heat exchangers (E-HEX, JW-HEX) were designed and simulated, and results were analyzed in 0-D models for the four case scenarios. A 584-kWh hybrid energy management system (HEMS) was also designed and simulated into the model as another method to reduce fossil energy fuel consumption during well development. HHPDE UF improved on average from 35.7% to 55.7% if only E-HEX were used and improved to 72.7% if JW-HEX were also used. DNGE average UF increased from 19.0% to 34.9% using E-HEX only. HEMS utilization improved UF up to an average of 76.9% and 39.1% for HHPDE CHP and DNGE CHP systems, respectively.
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Xiaoling, Li, Li Haizhou, Gu Jinlan, Chen Xi i Qin Bin. "Feasibility Study of Type-C Independent Tank for VLEC". W SNAME 5th World Maritime Technology Conference. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/wmtc-2015-030.
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The U.S. shale gas boom inspired the marketing demand for a very large containment system (VLEC). Among various kinds of possible cargo containment systems (CCS) for VLEC, the Type-C independent tank is considered to be a reliable, robust design and is a competitive candidate. There are a number of design challenges to design and construct Type-C tanks suitable for VLEC. Thicker plate is generally used, and hence there is more significant tank shrinkage. In addition other factors to be considered includes sloshing, thermal stresses induced by large tank dimensions, and the interaction between tank and hull structure under low temperature conditions. Since the VLEC cargo tank concept design and material selection have been done, the possible maximum thickness of steel plate that may be adopted has been verified. The feasibility of Type-C cargo tank’s application in VLEC project has been researched and verified by various kinds of calculation and analysis, including IGC-based rule check and finite element analysis (FEA), low temperature shrinkage analysis, sloshing analysis, thermal stress analysis, etc. Construction cost and time schedule have also been investigated and compared among three kinds of CCS based on a certain yard case. Some useful conclusions have been presented for VLEC CCS selection.
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Won, DY, K. Choi Jin, A. Choi Yang, H. Jang Myeong, Y. Jung Ji i R. Kwon Tae. "Effect of solar soil disinfection using Sudan grass blending in Ginseng Rain-sheltered Shade House". W GA 2017 – Book of Abstracts. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608509.
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Bian, Zheyong, Nathalie Carchi i Xiang Liu. "A Literature Review on Railroad Tank Car Thermal Protection Systems". W 2020 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2020-8099.
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Abstract Railroad tank car transportation is the most efficient way to transport large amounts of hazardous material. More than 2 million tank-car loads of hazardous materials (hazmat) are transported annually by rail in the United States. Recently, the boom in the production of petroleum crude oil and natural gases from shale has dramatically increased the rail transport volume of flammable energy resources. However, accidents do occur, and the transportation of flammable hazardous material can result in disastrous consequences. The fire can heat up a tank car, rapidly increasing the inside pressure and causing the tank car to either rupture or explode. Railroad companies are developing or seeking advanced thermal protection systems to prevent tank car explosion or prolong the burst time to win a sufficient rescue time. It is of great importance to understand the existing thermal protection systems used in hazmat tank cars and to identify key priorities that the government and industry consider for improving tank car thermal protection performance, providing guidance for future thermal protection material development. Thus, this paper reviews the literature on the effects and analysis of different tank car thermal protection systems, identifying the effectiveness of different thermal protection components, properties of thermal protection materials, and testing methodologies. Different combinations of insulators and jackets are tested in order to observe the effects of the fire on the tank car. The tank car is tested while carrying hazardous material like liquefied petroleum gas, propane, and ethylene oxide, etc. This investigation analyzes the differences of thermal protection systems in prolonging the life span of a tank car engulfed in flames. A tank car can use either material like fiberglass, ceramic fiber blankets, perlite powder, or urethane foam to better insulate and thermally protect the tank car. An insulator is shown to prolong the life span of a tank car since bare tank cars tend to heat up rapidly when exposed to flames. The thermal protection system of a tank car is built of insulators, jackets, and supporting material for the insulator. The supporting material and jacket combination with the insulator also prevent the tank car from heating up rapidly. There are two primary testing methods, pool fire, and torch fire. Each type of fire has different outcomes and limits in which the tank car can withstand. When testing the heating of a tank car, thermocouples were placed throughout a tank car and recorded to check what areas were heated the most during the experiment. Some factors that had been accounted for in the previous studies were the wind speed and the direction of the wind, which affected the overall experiment, mostly torch fire experiments.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Shale gas boom"
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Erickson, Peter, i Ploy Achakulwisut. How subsidies aided the US shale oil and gas boom. Stockholm Environment Institute, czerwiec 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.016.
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Mares, David R. The New Energy Landscape: Shale Gas in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, grudzień 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006947.
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This paper examines the potential for shale gas in Latin America, and the technical and institutional obstacles to the industry's development. The first part of the paper analyzes the characteristics of the shale gas revolution that developed in the U.S. and highlights its precarious nature, the requirements for its initial development, and future prospects. The second part turns to the Latin American context - with a focus on Argentina and México - drawing on the lessons from the U.S. experience to postulate where the significant obstacles to shale gas production in the region lie, why successfully addressing those challenges is problematic in key countries, in which countries the challenges are likely to be successfully engaged, and what it all means for how markets and trade in shale gas will evolve. The paper concludes that while Latin America's abundance of shale gas reserves could well prove a boom for the region, the myriad political and institutional obstacles faced by national governments mean that a shale gas revolution of the nature seen in the US remains a distant prospect.
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Hertel, Thomas, Wally Tyner i Dileep Birur. Biofuels for all? Understanding the Global Impacts of Multinational Mandates. GTAP Working Paper, kwiecień 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp51.
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The recent rise in world oil prices, coupled with heightened interest in the abatement of greenhouse gas emissions, has led to a sharp increase in domestic biofuels production around the world. Previous authors have devoted considerable attention to the impacts of these policies on a country-by-country basis. However, there are also strong interactions among these programs, as they compete in world markets for feedstocks and ultimately for a limited supply of global land. In this paper, we evaluate the interplay between two of the largest biofuels programs, namely the renewable fuel mandates in the US and the EU. We examine how the presence of each of these programs influences the other, and also how their combined impact influences global markets and land use around the world. We begin with an analysis of the origins of the recent bio-fuel boom, using the historical period from 2001-2006 for purposes of model validation. This was a period of rapidly rising oil prices, increased subsidies in the EU, and, in the US, there was a ban on the major competitor to ethanol for gasoline additives. Our analysis of this historical period permits us to evaluate the relative contribution of each of these factors to the global biofuel boom. We also use this historical simulation to establish a 2006 benchmark biofuel economy from which we conduct our analysis of future mandates. Our prospective analysis of the impacts of the biofuels boom on commodity markets focuses on the 2006-2015 time period, during which existing investments and new mandates in the US and EU are expected to substantially increase the share of agricultural products (e.g., corn in the US, oilseeds in the EU, and sugar in Brazil) utilized by the biofuels sector. In the US, this share could more than double from 2006 levels, while the share of oilseeds going to biodiesel in the EU could triple.
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Reilly, John, i Sergey Paltsev. Biomass Energy and Competition for Land. GTAP Working Paper, kwiecień 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp46.
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*Chapter 8 of the forthcoming book "Economic Analysis of Land Use in Global Climate Change Policy," edited by Thomas W. Hertel, Steven Rose, and Richard S.J. Tol We describe an approach for incorporating biomass energy production and competition for land into the MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model, a computable general equilibrium model of the world economy. We examine multiple scenarios where greenhouse gas emissions are abated or not. The global increase in biomass energy use in a reference scenario (without climate change policy) is about 30 EJ/year by 2050 and about 180 EJ/year by 2100. This deployment is driven primarily by a world oil price that in the year 2100 is over 4.5 times the price in the year 2000. In the scenarios of stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations, the global biomass energy production increases to 50-150 EJ/year by 2050 and 220-250 EJ/year by 2100. The estimated area of land required to produce 180-250 EJ/year is about 1 Gha, which is an equivalent of the current global cultivated area. In the USA we find that under a stringent climate policy biofuels could supply about 55% of USA liquid fuel demand, but if the biofuels were produced domestically the USA would turn from a substantial net exporter of agricultural goods ($20 billion) to a large net importer ($80 billion). The general conclusion is that the scale of energy use in the USA and the world relative to biomass potential is so large that a biofuel industry that was supplying a substantial share of liquid fuel demand would have very significant effects on land use and conventional agricultural markets.
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Golub, Alla, Thomas Hertel i Brent Sohngen. Land Use Modeling in Recursively-Dynamic GTAP Framework. GTAP Working Paper, kwiecień 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp48.
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*Chapter 10 of the forthcoming book "Economic Analysis of Land Use in Global Climate Change Policy," edited by Thomas W. Hertel, Steven Rose, and Richard S.J. Tol The goal of this work is to investigate land-use change at the global scale over the long run – particularly in the context of analyzing the fundamental drivers behind land-use related GHG emissions. For this purpose, we identify the most important drivers of supply and demand for land. On the demand side, we begin with a dynamic general equilibrium (GE) model that predicts economic growth in each region of the world, based on exogenous projections of population, skilled and unskilled labor and technical change. Economy-wide growth is, in turn, translated into consumer demand for specific products using an econometrically estimated, international cross-section, demand system that permits us to predict the pattern of future consumer demands across the development spectrum. This is particularly important in the fast-growing, developing countries, where the composition of consumer demand is changing rapidly. These countries also account for an increasing share of global economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions. Consumer demand is translated into derived demands for land through a set of sectoral production functions that differentiate the demand for land by Agro-Ecological Zone (AEZ).
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Shale Gas: Strategic, Technical, Environmental and Regulatory Issues. Universidad de Deusto, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/tszi1191.
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In January 2016, the book Gas no convencional: shale gas. Aspectos estratégicos, técnicos, medioambientales y regulatorios was published. As we pointed out in the prologue of the book, the study of unconventional gas is within the lines of knowledge of the Energy Chair of Orkestra of the University of Deusto. In fact, three main lines of study are currently covered. Namely Energy markets, Energy Industry and Technology, and Energy Policy. The approach to the shale gas study that the reader has in his hands, in our view, covers a wide scope of topics, including the strategic aspects, the technical topics related to the exploration, drilling and hydraulic fracturing, as well as the environmental aspects and the regulation processes for exploration. One of the characteristics of the research of the Energy Chair is to try to work with a network of institutions, universities and professionals with experience and knowledge in the specific topics that we analyze. In this case, from the very beginning, it was though that the creation and implementation of a group of experts would be particularly valuable, so an Advisory Group and a Reviewers Group were put in place. The relevant professionals and institutions that we have the honor to count on are reflected in this study. Given the participation of the members of the Advisory Group and the Reviewers Group, the first draft of the study was written in English. At the beginning of the project, Nerea Álvarez, mining engineer, produced a first draft. The English version was translated into Spanish and later, when Claudia Suárez joined the Energy Chair of Orkestra, she was fully involved to revise, extend and improve the study. In the process, we decided to focus our improvements in the Spanish version and to publish a book in Spanish. This study does not cover exactly all aspects and details dealt with in the book. Therefore, the document cannot be considered, in strict sense, a full and complete translation of the book, although many improvements of the Spanish book have been incorporated to the first draft in English.