Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 Dramatic production”

The purpose of this project was to determine if it was possible to take Shakespeare's text and, preserving the language, present it in a way which would make it more accessible to a modern audience. It was also important to maintain the appropriate acting style and technique that distinguishes classical acting.

This thesis represents the written portion of the Degree Requirements of the Master of Fine Arts in Theatre Design. The Thesis production of HAMLET, by Wm. Shakespeare (edited by Brian C. Parkinson), was the University of Lethbridge Department of Theatre and Dramatic Arts third show of the 2011 – 2012 Mainstage Theatre season, running February 14 – 18, 2012, performed at the University Theatre in the University of Lethbridge Centre for the Arts, Lethbridge, Alberta. HAMLET was directed by Brian C. Parkinson, with the assistant direction of L. Jay Whitehead and Yvonne Mandel. Contained within this written portion of the thesis is a discussion of the design concepts for this production, along with photographic records of models, technical drawings, and other pertinent information.<br>viii, 176 leaves : col. ill. ; 29 cm

A focus on the clarity of the verse in the preparation and performance of Shakespeare's plays has been seen by some modem directors and teachers as an impediment to effective storytelling. Contemporary directors and actors in both film and theatre are focussing more on making the text sound 'natural', rather than formally structured, in order to improve the accessibility of the text for a modern audience that is more familiar with interpreting a visual world than an aural one, and more appreciative of a naturalistic acting technique rather than the heightened commitment required for Elizabethan text. Furthermore, many actors and directors have written and spoken about the lack of exposure young actors have to Shakespeare in performance, let alone to performances of these texts that are illuminating or inspirational. The plays do hold tremendous appeal as literature, but it is quite clear that they were never originally intended to be experienced in that form, just as the reading of · sheet music and performance of live music are two distinct experiences. Shakespeare lived and breathed and wrote for the theatre and it is within this environment that we can most fully understand and engage with his work. This is true for students of the text, for audiences, and most significantly for the actors whose job is to communicate the verse. Although. the teacher of Shakespeare in an acting course has to compete· for tuition time with many skills that seem more · immediately relevant to current industry demands, my belief is that the tools a student develops through learning to read and perform Shakespeare's text serve the overall growth of the ·professional actor. I also believe that a focus on the clarity and. confidence of the verse speaking will improve the quality of any Shakespeare play in performance, regardless of the other interpretive choices made by the creative team. This thesis aims to identify the most effective ways of training students of acting to work with Shakespeare's verse. I -will be documenting my verse work with students from the Acting course · at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts from 2006-2008, exploring and reflecting on three key components of the work conducted with the students during that time: practical voice and poetry classes; a full public production of Shakespeare's play The Winter's Tale; -and a post-training workshop in 2007 .

Shakespeare has been performed on Australian stages for over two hundred years, yet despite this fact, in Australia we still treat Shakespeare as a revered idol. It seems that, as a nation of second-class convicts, consciously or not, we regard Shakespeare as a product of our aristocratic founders. However deeply buried the belief may be, we still think that the British perform Shakespeare ‘the right way’. As a result, when staging his plays today, our productions suffer from a cultural cringe. This research sought to combat these inhibiting ideologies and endeavoured to find a way in which Australians might claim ownership over Shakespeare in contemporary productions of his plays. The methodology used to undertake this investigation was practice-led research, with the central practice being theatre directing. The questions the research posed were: can Australian directors in the 21st century navigate and reshape Shakespeare's works in productions that give actors and audiences ownership over Shakespeare? And, what role can irreverence play in this quest for ownership? In order to answer these questions, a strong reference point was required, to understand what Shakespeare, with no strings attached to tradition and scholarly reverence, looked and felt like. Taiwan became an ideal reference point, as the country is a site for unrestrained and strongly localised performances of the Shakespearean tradition. The company at the forefront of such Taiwanese productions is Contemporary Legend Theatre (CLT). Wu Hsing-kuo, the Artistic Director of CLT, creates jingju (Beijing opera) adaptations of Shakespeare’s plays, the most renowned of which is his solo King Lear, titled Li Er zaici. The intention of the practice-led research was to use the ideas gathered from an interview with Wu and through watching a performance of Li Er zaici, to form an approach to directing Shakespeare in Australia today, which was free from the restrictions commonly encountered by Australians. The practical project involved trialling this approach in a series of workshops and rehearsals with eight actors over eight weeks, which ultimately resulted in a performance of an adaptation of Romeo and Juliet. Wu’s approach generated a sense of ownership over Shakespeare amongst the actors and widened their dominant, narrow concept of Shakespeare performances in Australia to incorporate a wealth of new possibilities. Yet, from this practical experiment, the strength and depth of the inhibiting ideologies surrounding Shakespeare in Australia was made apparent, as even when consciously seeking to remove them, they formed unconscious impediments. Despite the initial intention, a sense of veneration towards Shakespeare’s text entered the rehearsal process for Romeo and Juliet. This practice-led research revealed that as Australians we have an almost inescapable attachment to Shakespeare’s text, which ultimately begs the contrary question: in order to stage an irreverent and owned production of Shakespeare in Australia, how much of Shakespeare and his traditions must we abandon?

This dissertation examines the arguments against tragedy offered by feminist playwrights in their "re-visions" of the plays of Euripides and Shakespeare.<br>In the first part, I maintain that feminist dramatic re-vision is one manifestation of an unrecognized tradition of women's writing in which criticism is expressed through fiction. I also argue that the project of feminist dramatic re-vision embodies a feminist "new poetics."<br>In the second part, I examine the aesthetics and politics of tragedy from a feminist perspective. Feminist arguments against tragedy are, in effect arguments against patriarchy. But it is the theorists and critics of tragedy---not the playwrights---who are unequivocally aligned with patriarchy. Playwrights like Euripides and Shakespeare can be seen to destabilize tragedy in their plays.<br>In the third part, I show how recent feminist playwrights (Jackie Crossland, Dario Fo and Franca Rame, Deborah Porter, Caryl Churchill and David Lan, Maureen Duffy, Alison Lyssa, The Women's Theatre Group and Elaine Feinstein, Joan Ure, Margaret Clarke, and Ann-Marie MacDonald) counter tragedy by extrapolating from the arguments presented by Euripides and Shakespeare in The Medea, The Bacchae, King Lear, Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet and Othello , and by allocating voice and agency to their female protagonists.

By examining five types of astronomical and celestial phenomena—comets, constellations, the zodiac, planets, and the music of the spheres—this thesis posits not only that early modern dramatists were influenced by established and emerging natural philosophy as habits of thought that manifested in their writing, but also that astronomical phenomena operate within the drama, performance, and in the theatre as elements for creating and developing a distinctly spatial dramaturgy. Using theories from the spatial turn, this thesis maps the positions, edges, disturbances, and motions of celestial properties within the imaginary and physical space of early modern drama and theatre. It argues that the case study plays examined within this thesis demonstrate a period-wide engagement, rather than an authorial-, company-, theatre-, or even genre-specific practice. Dramatists developed techniques using astronomical phenomena as dramatic methods that occasionally underscored early modern astronomical thought. However, in many cases constructed plots, characters, visual and sound effects, and movements transgressed astronomical expectations. Dramatists broke down constellations, inserted new stars in the heavens, created zodiacal females, launched pyrotechnical comets, moved planets unexpectedly across the stage, and played (and refrained from playing) celestial "music" for the audience. Recognising composite and often contradictory astronomical constructions within the drama, this thesis moves the critical discussion away from an intellectual history of natural philosophy and gravitates toward an active astronomical dramaturgy.

Cette thèse entend montrer comment la naissance de la théorie du jeu théâtral au XVIIIe siècle contribue à la mise en cause du modèle mimétique classique au profit d'un nouveau modèle expressif. Considérant trois aires culturelles (la France, l'Angleterre et l'Allemagne), elle adopte une démarche chronologique, qui vise à souligner les changements dans la façon d’entendre le parallèle entre l'acteur, le peintre et l’orateur. Il apparaît ainsi que la théorie du jeu tire sa légitimité d'une réhabilitation du spectacle visuel, qui donne lieu à une esthétique du tableau scénique mettant en lumière la spécificité du jeu. En ce sens, elle ne se constitue pas en rupture avec les traités d’actio, mais par une réinterprétation visuelle de leurs principes, en faveur d'une éloquence corporelle naturelle libérée des codes de la rhétorique. Dès lors, sous l’influence du sensualisme, la place centrale accordée au corps de l'acteur créateur conduit à une série d'expérimentations théoriques et pratiques qui portent sur la production et la réception du sentiment au théâtre, et qui sont alimentées par les échanges d'un pays à l'autre. Ces réflexions hybrides participent à la redéfinition des arts de la représentation en termes de relation esthétique entre un sujet créateur et un sujet récepteur, et au passage d'une conception imitative à une approche expressive du sentiment. La diffusion, par David Garrick, d'une certaine image de Shakespeare, dont la dramaturgie contrevient aux règles de la poétique classique, joue un rôle important dans le développement de la théorie du jeu visuel et dans la définition du théâtre comme texte et représentation<br>This work shows how the birth of acting in the eighteenth century calls into question the classical mimetic model in favour of a new expressive model. It examines three cultural areas: France, England, and Germany. It also adopts a chronological approch in order to analyse the changes undergone by the parallel between the actor, the painter and the orator. It then appears that acting theory draws its legitimacy from a rehabilitation of visual spectacle, which provokes the settling of an aesthetic of the stage paintng putting into light acting’s specificity. In that sense, acting theory does not emerge against writings on oratory action; on the contrary, it rises thanks to a visual re-interpreting of their principles freed from rhetorical codes. Hence, through the influence of sensualism, the major place given to the creative actor's body leads to theoretical and practical experimentations that concern the way to produce and to receive feelings, and which are nourished by multiple exchanges between the three countries. These hybrid reflections help redefine the art of representation as an aesthetic relation between a creating subject and a receiving subject. It contributes to the transition from an imitative conception of feeling to an expressive one. David Garrick’s spreading of a certain image of Shakespeare, whose dramaturgy offends the classical poetics rules, plays an important role in the development of a theory of visual acting an in the redefinition of theatre as text and representation

Afin de déceler les sens divers que transmettent les pièces de Shakespeare, ce travail propose de décoder les constructions scénographiques bâties par les metteurs en scène français et britanniques du vingtième siècle. Comprendre les motivations artistiques de ces derniers suppose nécessairement une relecture pointue de la lettre, de même que, à la lumière de la gestuelle, de l'architecture théâtrale, de l'occupation de l'aire de jeu, des décors, des costumes, des couleurs, des éclairages et des matières, d'autres interprétations des drames shakespeariens se font jour. Ainsi, ce qui est vu est guidé par la lecture tout comme, à l'inverse, ce qui est lu fait sens grâce à l'action théâtrale. Ce travail aborde le phénomène de façon tout d'abord terminologique (répertoire sémiologique constituant un bagage critique de la scène contemporaine), puis historique (parcours à travers les créations shakespeariennes du début du siècle) en insistant en dernier lieu sur les réalisations d'Edward Gordon Craig, précurseur des configurations de l'espace scénique actuel. Les six derniers chapitres de cette étude s'intéressent plus particulièrement au travail d'hommes de théâtre clefs de la fin du siècle : quelles furent les thématiques shakespeariennes mises en valeur dans les espaces scénographiés par Peter Brook, la Royal Shakespeare Company, le nouveau Théâtre du Globe, les théâtres de la Cartoucherie, de Daniel Mesguich, enfin, de Stéphane Braunschweig ? L'œuvre de Shakespeare semble constituer un répertoire privilégié dans le domaine scénographique, mais existe-t-il une matière textuelle transmise par la matière visuelle propre à refléter les valeurs du vingtième siècle ? C'est à ces interrogations que ces recherches tentent de répondre avec pour méthode première une démarche souhaitée systématique, susceptible de proposer un modèle d'analyse des scénographies shakespeariennes<br>So as to discover the different meanings Shakespeare's plays vehicle, this study aims at decoding scenographies which were created by twentieth-century French and British stage directors. In order to understand their artistic motivations it is necessary to peruse the playwright's text carefully. Yet in the light of the theatrical architecture, the actors' movements in the acting space, the sets, the costumes, the colours, the lightings, and the materials, other interpretations emerge. Thus, what is seen is guided by the text just as what is read is meaningful thanks to the performance. Firstly this work tackles the phenomenon from a terminological point of view (the semiotics of drama should help us to describe the productions). Secondly the history of Shakespearean creations dating from the beginning of the century is recounted, and a special part is devoted to the work of Edward Gordon Craig who highly influenced the shape of modern staging. The six last chapters of this study deal with contemporary directors' main works: which Shakespearean themes did Peter Brook, the Royal Shakespeare Company, the New Globe Theatre, the Cartoucherie Theatres (at Vincennes), Daniel Mesguich and Stéphane Braunschweig choose to enlighten in their scenographies? Shakespeare's drama seems to be a favoured repertory in scenography and yet is there a textual material conveyed by a visual material which mirrors twentieth-century values? Thanks to a systematic method which is meant to be a model of the analysis of Shakespearean productions, our investigations try to answer those questions

Howard Barker fait ses armes de dramaturge en composant en 1971 une pochade sur Henry V de Shakespeare et signe trente ans plus tard l’un de ses textes les plus aboutis avec Gertrude – The Cry, variation sur le thème d’Hamlet. À la faveur de ces réécritures et de quelques autres (notamment Seven Lears en 1989), décrire le dramaturge contemporain comme le « Shakespeare de notre époque », expression attribuée à Sarah Kane, s’est rapidement imposé comme un lieu commun, relayé tant par la presse que par la critique. Pourtant, en dépit de certaines caractéristiques communes, leurs œuvres apparaissent d’abord comme radicalement différentes, ne serait-ce qu’en raison du statut marginal que Barker occupe au sein du paysage théâtral anglais. Dès lors, si Shakespeare se manifeste dans son œuvre, ce sera sous une forme altérée, méconnaissable, transformée, autrement dit sous forme de spectres. Pourquoi l’œuvre de Barker a-t-elle suscité de façon si insistante la comparaison à celle de Shakespeare ? Et que révèle cette comparaison, non seulement de la pratique critique, mais surtout des enjeux poétiques du théâtre de Barker ? Cette étude s’efforce de répondre à ces questions en examinant d’abord les modalités d’élaboration de l’œuvre de Barker, et la manière dont celle-ci place le spectre, figure majeure du doute, au cœur de son esthétique. Elle se penche ensuite sur les critères qui ont pu justifier le rapprochement entre les deux dramaturges, notamment l’histoire et l’écriture, pour montrer que Shakespeare est toujours convoqué sur le mode paradoxal du leurre, modèle avancé pour être mieux rejeté. De la sorte, elle essaie de dégager non pas les traits que partagent les deux dramaturges, mais la manière dont Barker tente d’exorciser la présence étouffante du dramaturge élisabéthain en élaborant une poétique singulière<br>From his earliest efforts to his latest and most accomplished plays, Howard Barker has often confronted Shakespeare, be it with his irreverent parody of Henry V in Henry V in Two Parts (1971) or with his variations on Hamlet in Gertrude – The Cry (2002). These rewritings, along with some others (notably Seven Lears in 1989) have prompted many, both in the media and in academia, to call him, as Sarah Kane allegedly did, “the Shakespeare of our age”. In spite of a number of common features, their works do however appear as radically different, if only because of Barker’s marginal status within the landscape of contemporary English drama. If Shakespeare manifests himself in Barker’s work, it will therefore be in an altered and possibly unrecognizable form, in other words as a spectre. Why is it that Barker’s work has been so insistently compared to that of Shakespeare? What does this comparison reveal both about critical practice and about the aesthetics of Barker’s theatre? In order to answer these questions, this dissertation first examines the overall design of Barker’s work and the way in which it endeavours to place the figure of the ghost, as an embodiment of doubt, at its core. It then moves on to consider the criteria that have been invoked to draw a parallel between both playwrights, especially their focus on history and poetic writing as the basis of drama, to show how Shakespeare is always paradoxically summoned as a lure, an empty model that both suggests and contradicts modes of interpretation. In doing so, it strives to bring out not the traits shared by both playwrights but Barker’s effort to thwart the haunting and overwhelming presence of Shakespeare by giving birth to his own original voice

ix, 203 p. : ill.<br>As critic Jonathan Gottschall notes, "The literary scholar's subject is ultimately the human mind - the mind that is the creator, subject, and auditor of literary works." The primary aim of this dissertation is to use modern cognitive science to better understand the early modern mind. I apply a framework rooted in cognitive science--the interdisciplinary study of how the human brain generates first-person consciousness and relates to external objects through that conscious framework--to reveal the role of consciousness and memory in subject formation and creative interpretation, as represented in period drama. Cognitive science enables us as scholars and critics to read literature of the period through a lens that reveals subjects in the process of being formed prior to the "self-fashioning" processes of enculturation and social discipline that have been so thoroughly diagnosed in criticism in recent decades. I begin with an overview of the field of cognitive literary theory, demonstrating that cognitive science has already begun to offer scholars of the period a vital framework for understanding literature as the result of unique minds grappling with uniquely historical problems, both biologically and socially. From there, I proceed to detailed explications of neuroscience-based theories of the relationship between the embodied brain, memory, and subject identity, via detailed close reading case studies. In the primary chapters, I focus on what I consider to be three primary elements of embodied subjectivity in drama of the period: basic identity reification through unique first-person memory (the Tudor interlude Jake Juggler ), more complex subject-object relationships leading to alterations in behavioral modes (Hamlet ), and finally, the blending of literary structures and social context in the interpretation of subject behavior (Middleton's A Trick to Catch the Old One ).<br>Committee in charge: Lisa Freinkel, Chairperson; George Rowe, Member; Ben Saunders, Member; Lara Bovilsky, Member; Ted Toadvine, Outside Member

Cette thèse se propose d’interroger les enjeux esthétiques et culturels de la réécriture théâtrale contemporaine à partir de trois questions fondamentales : Qu’est-ce que l’on réécrit ? Comment est-ce que l’on réécrit ? A quelles fins/ pourquoi est-ce que l’on réécrit ? Les différentes étapes de notre recherche seront traversées par un souci permanent de re-définir la réécriture en tant que pratique hybride, située à la croisée d’une pratique scripturale et d’une pratique scénique. Après avoir défini la réécriture à la lumière des relations qu’elle entretient avec des pratiques liminaires, nous proposons une typologie des techniques à travers lesquelles l’adaptateur modifie l’univers fictionnel de l’œuvre-source. L’analyse de certains cas de figure marginaux nous permet par la suite de nuancer notre définition de la réécriture. Les deux derniers chapitres tenteront de définir les réécritures comme des œuvres nouvelles qui s’affichent comme des versions des œuvres antérieures, puisqu’elles puisent leurs formes et leurs sens dans les formes et les sens des œuvres de départ<br>This thesis aims at analyzing the aesthetic and cultural aspects of contemporary theatrical rewriting, starting from three fundamental questions: What do adaptors rewrite? How do they rewrite? Why do they rewrite? The different stages of our research are characterized by a constant aim at redefining theatrical rewriting as a hybrid practice, situated at the crossroads of a scriptural and of a scenic phenomenon. After having defined rewriting in the light of its relationships with related practices, we propose a typology of the techniques which enable adaptors to modify the fictional universe of the initial work. The analysis of certain marginal case studies enables us to further develop our definition of rewriting. The last two chapters aim at defining rewriting as new works which function as versions of previous works, as they look for their forms and for their meanings in the forms and meanings of previous works

Ce travail s’attache à identifier et à décrire les principaux processus, outils et concepts de la mise en scène théâtrale shakespearienne à partir de l’étude d’environ 200 spectacles créés en France, Angleterre, Allemagne, Italie ou Espagne après 1945. Un premier mouvement présente le contexte historique de la mise en scène de Shakespeare et les filiations et influences artistiques qui s’y développent, pour voir en quoi elles conditionnent les créations individuelles. Le deuxième mouvement décrit différents aspects de la notion de matériau shakespearien pour en montrer la richesse et la pertinence dans la pratique théâtrale, et pose l’hypothèse d’une analogie forte entre les caractéristiques de ce matériau et celles de la mise en scène en général. Le troisième mouvement s’intéresse au rapport entre interprétation de la pièce et conception du spectacle, et aux différents phénomènes de projection qui permettent de passer de la dimension imaginaire du spectacle à sa matérialisation scénique. Le quatrième mouvement pénètre la dynamique de la répétition et la décrit à partir de trois de ses modalités, rehearsal, Probe et répétition, qui fonctionnent à la fois conjointement et sur des régimes propres. Le large éventail de techniques et de points de vue artistiques explorés montre le potentiel multiple des approches pour chacun des processus de fabrication du spectacle, et permet enfin de tracer les contours d’une théorie globale de la mise en scène unissant tous ces processus dans une dynamique qui se déploie nécessairement sur plusieurs niveaux de façon simultanée, comme l’énergie du matériau shakespearien<br>This works seeks to identify and describe the key processes, tools and concepts of the theatrical mise en scène of Shakespeare from the study of about 200 different productions in France, England, Germany, Italy and Spain after 1945.The first movement presents the historical context of the staging of Shakespeare and the artistic filiations and influences that exist in it, to see how they condition the individual creativity. The second movement describes different aspects of the notion of Shakespearean material to show his power and relevance in theatrical practice, and assumes there is a strong analogy between the characteristics of this material and those of the mise en scène in general . The third movement is interested in the relationship between interpretation of the play and conception of the production, and in the various phenomena of projection that transform the imaginary dimension of the play in its stage realization. The fourth movement enters the dynamics of rehearsal and describe them using three concepts, rehearsal, Probe, and répétition, which work together but each with its own regime.The wide range of technical and artistic points of view exposed show the multiple potential of possible approaches to each of the process of the mise en scène, and finally allows to outline a comprehensive theory of the staging unifying all these processes in a dynamic that necessarily develops in several levels simultaneously connected, just as in the Shakespearean material

Wong Ka-ki, Katrine Wong.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-132).<br>Abstracts in English and Chinese.<br>Acknowledgements --- p.vi<br>Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.2<br>Chapter Chapter Two --- Medical Aspects in Shakespearean Drama --- p.11<br>Chapter Chapter Three --- """If music be the food of love ´ؤ´ح：： Music as an Indicator of a Person's Attitude toward and Position in Love" --- p.47<br>Chapter Chapter Four --- "Music: ""The patroness of heavenly harmony´ح" --- p.81<br>Chapter Chapter Five --- Conclusion --- p.112<br>Works Cited --- p.123

On the assumption that different registers of translated drama have different functions and that they therefore present information differently, the aim of the present study is to identify textual features that distinguish an Afrikaans stage translation from a page translation of Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice. The first issue addressed concerns the nature and extent of lexical cohesion in these two registers. The second issue concerns my contention that the dialogue of a stage translation is more "involved". (Biber 1988) than that of a page translation. The research was conducted within the overall Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) paradigm but the analytical frameworks by means of which these aims were accomplished were derived from text linguistics and register variation studies, making this an interdisciplinary study. Aspects of Hoey's ( 1991) bonding model, in particular, the classification of repetition links, were adapted so as to quantify lexical cohesion in the translations. Similarly, aspects of Biber's (1988) multi-dimensional approach to register variation were used to quantify linguistic features that signal involvement. The main finding of the study is that drama translation register (page or stage translation) does have a constraining effect on lexical cohesion and involved production. For Act IV of the play an overall higher density of lexical cohesion strategies was generated by the stage translation. In the case of the involved production features analysed, the overall finding was that the stage translation displayed more involvement than the page translation, to a statistically highly significant extent. The features analysed here cluster together sufficiently to reveal that in comparison with an Afrikaans page translation of a Shakespeare play, a recent stage translation displays a definite tendency towards a more oral, more involved and more situated style, reflecting no doubt a general modern trend towards creating more appropriate and accessible texts<br>Linguistics<br>D. Litt. et Phil. (Translation Studies)