Rozprawy doktorskie: „Sexually transmitted infections”

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Heffernan, Catherine. "Sexually transmitted infections, sex and the Irish". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6ef4fefa-f41c-45b9-9b57-2758f5283dbc.

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The national reported rates of sexually transmitted infections (other than HIV/AIDS) in Ireland have been increasing over the last decade of the 20^th century. Medical professionals and epidemiologists consider the rates of STIs as indicators of the proportion of the population engaging in 'high risk' behaviour. According to this hypothesis, an increase in reported rates reflects an increase in 'high risk' behaviours. This thesis will examine this relationship and determine the reasons for the increased reported rates in Ireland. This will involve an investigation into Irish sexual behaviours and attitudes, thus giving an insight into Irish sexuality, which has previously attracted little sociological interest. Evidence in regard to Irish sexuality and sexually transmitted infections is limited. In the absence of longitudinal data on sexual behaviours and a national survey on STIs and risk-taking sexual behaviours, the question of the rising rates has to be addressed by collating available data from different sources. This involves: (1) the use of epidemiological and GUM clinics' information, (2) a socio-historical account of Irish sexuality and sexually transmitted infections and (3) a comparative analysis of Irish sexual behaviours and attitudes with four other countries utilising the International Social Survey Programme's 1994 dataset, Family and Changing Gender Roles II. It is concluded that the increasing reporting rates of STIs are not being directly caused by accompanying increases of 'high risk' sexual behaviours in the general population but are produced by a number of factors including a growing public openness about sexuality and sexual health awareness.

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Ndubani, Phillimon. "Young men's sexuality and sexually transmitted infections in Zambia /". Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-336-8.

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Nuwaha, Fred Ntoni. "Sexually transmitted infections in Uganda : implications for control /". Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4409-1/.

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Prystowsky, Elya E. "Sexual intercourse, sexually transmitted infections, and urinary tract infections in post-menopausal women /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10907.

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Kang, Yifan. "Three Essays on The Economics of Sexually Transmitted Infections". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40963.

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have important consequences for individuals and society. Extensive literature has shown that various individual factors impact STIs. However, much less is known about their structural causes and how they affect sexual behavior and sexual network formation. In the first two chapters of this dissertation, I investigate how sex ratios and ethnic divisions affect sexual activity and the spread of STIs. In the third chapter, I analyze the effect of ethnic-based romantic homophily on STIs. I provide a brief description of each chapter below. Chapter 1. We extend a theory of fidelity in a two-sided economy, and empirically discriminate between different rationales of sexual network formation by testing their implications for how sex ratios affect sexual activity, relationship stability, and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases in men versus women. We use a unique individual-level dataset in combination with census data from England and Wales, a setting where adult women outnumber adult men. Exploiting variation in cohort/ethnicity/region-specific sex ratios as a quasi-natural experiment, we find that a decrease in sex ratio imbalance decreases sexual infidelity and the number of serial partners, and increases the likelihood of safe sex. This in turn reduces the likelihood of acquiring a range of sexually transmitted infections and diseases, including chlamydia, gonorrhoea, genital warts, and herpes. Consistent with the rationale underlying the formation of egalitarian (in)fidelity networks, the effects of the sex ratio on sexual activity are larger for men compared to women, while its effects on sexual diseases are larger for women compared to men. The causality of these effects is established using classical and recent instrumental variables approaches and various robustness checks. For falsification, we show that sex ratios have no impact on several "atheoretical" health conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, chronic lung disease, heart attack, stroke, and diabetes, which do not arise from sexual interactions. Chapter 2. In societies organized around distinct racial and ethnic groups, limited communication between these groups might increase the search cost of sexual partners outside of own group, leading to racially segregated sexual networks and low risks of sexually transmitted diseases. At the same time, because sexual infidelity is more likely to be discovered when the cheated-upon individuals are co-ethnics, individuals in multiracial societies might find it cheaper to select sexual partners from diverse ethnic groups to hide their infidelity, which would lead to large interethnic sexual networks and high risks of STIs. We test these conflicting hypotheses by analyzing the causal effect of neighborhood-level racial diversity on sexual activity and STIs, using unique individual-level data from England, Wales, and Scotland. We find that individuals residing in multiracial neighborhoods have a greater number of sexual partners and are more likely to be infected with a wide range of STIs than their counterparts residing in more racially homogeneous neighborhoods. We use traditional and new instrumental variables approaches and various robustness checks to establish causation. Analyzing mechanisms, we find that within racially diverse neighborhoods, individuals who select sexual partners from diverse racial groups are more likely to be infected with STIs, holding the number of partners and other individual characteristics fixed. For falsification, we conduct a reverse-placebo test showing that racial diversity has no effect on a wide range of health conditions that do not arise from sexual interactions. From a policy perspective, our analysis implies that policies that promote racial and ethnic integration are likely to reduce unhealthy sexual activity and the spread of STIs in racially heterogeneous societies. Chapter 3. A classical hypothesis in social network theory holds that central individuals are more likely to receive and spread information than are their peripheral counterparts. We test this hypothesis in the context of sexual networks and sexually transmitted diseases, using data from the United Kingdom. Romantic homophily - the tendency to select sexual partners with similar ethnic background - is used as a measure of the extent to which an individual is peripheral in a sexual network. We find that more sexually homophilous individuals have a lower risk of sexual infections. This effect is causal, and larger for women, Whites, and heterosexuals.

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Howard, Stacy F. "Strategies for decreasing sexually transmitted infections in adolescent females". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1419.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.
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Pond, Marcus James. "Enhancement of the microbiological diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections". Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687066.

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Presently, clinical management of sexually transmitted infection (STI) is performed empirically, in the absence of microbiological diagnosis and consequentially the use of suboptimal antimicrobial therapy. Current diagnostic methodologies cannot facilitate the polymicrobial detection required to identify the potential multiple organisms that contribute to STI's. In order to meet this requirement a PCR coupled micro array capable of detecting the presence or absence of 23 organisms relevant to STI was developed and evaluated. This method was applied to explore the differential organism prevalence in 129 first void urine specimens in patients of varying symptomology, revealing the absence of Lactobacilli may be associated with urethritis. Findings of this study also documented the inadequacy of Gram stained urethral smear (GSUS) for identification and stratification of urethritis cases. Performance of rapid automated urine flow cytometric (AUFC) of urinary white cell count (UWCC) as a potential replacement for GSUS was validated in a separate study of male clinic attendees (n=436). UWCC testing demonstrated significantly enhanced specificity when compared to GSUS; universal application of this method would have significantly improved identification of urethritis cases at the point of care. The degree of urethral inflammation implied by UWCC analysis exhibited a stronger association with pathogen load of Mycoplasma genitalium when compared to Chlamydia trachomatis. A notably high prevalence of azithromycin resistant M. genitalium infection was observed amongst study participants; subsequent phylogenetic analysis implied this finding was applicable beyond this patient population. The findings of this thesis contribute new approaches to tackling the inadequacies of current empirical approaches to STI management. Modification of treatment guidelines in light of these findings and adoption of UWCC testing may improve treatment efficacy and enhance detection of nongonococcal urethritis and related syndromes. Results observed also provide an insight into the pathogenic mechanisms of different STI organisms in relation to host inflammatory responses.

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Fenton, Kevin Andrew. "Race, ethnicity and the epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446431/.

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Variations in the incidence and prevalence of diagnosed sexually transmitted infections (STIs) across racial and ethnic groups have been described in many western industrialised settings. The reasons for these variations are unclear. However, an understanding of their determinants is required in order to develop and refine targeted HIV/STI prevention interventions. This thesis brings together a collection of studies exploring the relationship between ethnicity and the epidemiology of STIs (including HIV infection). It is divided into three main sections. Section one outlines the aims and objectives of the thesis explores concepts of race and ethnicity provides an historical and demographic overview of Black and ethnic minority communities in Britain and critically reviews and summarises the research evidence in this field. Section two outlines the rationale, methodology and outcomes of four studies developed to explore and quantify the nature and range of ethnic variations in sexual health outcomes in Britain. The concluding section summarises key themes arising from this work and relates findings back to set objectives. This thesis confirms the existence of variations in the prevalence of diagnosed STIs among Britain's main ethnic groups. The inequalities are found across a variety of settings, for both reported and prevalent diagnosed infections. Compared with the ethnic majority, adverse sexual health outcomes are more prevalent among Black British ethnic groups, and less so among Indians and Pakistanis. The collated studies confirm that ethnic differences in the prevalence and distribution of high-risk behaviours exist (particularly among men) and may, to a large extent, explain the variations in adverse outcomes. However, behaviour alone cannot account for the observed differences. Other factors, including patterns of health-seeking behaviour, genetic susceptibility, patterns of sexual mixing and background prevalence of disease also contribute, to the observed variations in incidence. Recommendations for future studies and interventions in this field are made.

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Rudolph, Anne. "Un-doing risk : sexually transmitted infections, identity and lesbian bodies". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538611.

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Semenyak, A. V. "Results of treatment of the sexually transmitted infections during pregnancy". Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/17624.

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Jennings, Jacky M. "Sexually transmitted infections and the socio-geographic context of risk". Available to US Hopkins community, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/dlnow/3080689.

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Mcghan, Cheryl G. "Repeated acquisition of sexually transmitted infections feelings, perceptions, and explanations of adolescent girls /". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0009120.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2005.
Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 265 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Meadows, Emily Christine. "Sexual networks of individuals infected with sexually transmitted infections: Structure and disease transmission". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27273.

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Increases in the rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) suggest that control programs may not be targeting the population responsible for the spread of STIs - core groups. The objective was to examine STI transmission within these groups using both traditional epidemiology and social network analysis. Routine partner notification data, supplemented with more detailed voluntary information, was collected from individuals diagnosed with, or exposed to a STI in Manitoba. Groups of individuals were identified (n=2,508), and their profiles described. Larger groups (size > 15) had more repeat cases, and contacts that were repeatedly named. Three different groups were identified, containing individuals which differed demographically and clinically. This study uniquely identified same-sex partnerships within larger groups. A greater understanding of disease transmission patterns within these groups will clearly aid in the development of targeted education and prevention programs for all STIs.

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Olds, Jonathan. "Multiplex detection for sexually transmitted infections using a novel electrochemical assay". Thesis, University of Bath, 2008. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507752.

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Chlamydia trachomatis (Chlamydia) is the most common sexually transmitted infection diagnosed in genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics and affects one in ten sexually active young people. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhoea) is the second most common. They are asymptomatic in at least three-quarters of patients. Untreated infection can lead to serious health problems; including pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility in women. In men, it can cause urethritis and Reiter‟s Syndrome (arthritis). The number of diagnoses of uncomplicated chlamydia in GUM clinics in England increased by 288% between 1995 and 20061. Co infection with chlamydia and gonorrhoea is not uncommon. Up to half of patients diagnosed may be infected with both pathogens and, therefore, it is important to test sexually active individuals for both chlamydia and gonorrhoea using a multiplex system2. Electrochemical detection of specific DNA sequences offers advantages over established fluorescence techniques; including cost and ease of miniaturisation. The electrochemical gene sensor described here uniquely utilises enzymatic T7 Exonuclease digestion to generate ferrocenylated oligonucleotide fragments in a matched (gene sequence presence) sensor. These fragments exhibit a characteristically high response upon electrochemical analysis, using Differential Pulse Voltammetry and have been designed based on the ability to „tune‟ the oxidation potential of ferrocene by using electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituent groups. Ferrocenylated oligonucleotide labels have been synthesised, each with a characteristic oxidation potential. Results from a study of the adsorption and electron transfer kinetics of T7 exonuclease - digested and undigested oligonucleotide redox probes at screen-printed carbon paste electrode (SCPE) surfaces will be considered as a basis for the assay discrimination. The high selectivity of the T7 Exonuclease digest is demonstrated using the ferrocenylated oligonucleotides and a triplex genomic electrochemical assay for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the human 7 beta-actin gene as an internal control for the assay using clinical samples will be presented.

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Cox, Ciara. "The clinical significance of mollicutes as agents of sexually transmitted infections". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680173.

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The thesis covered validation of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays for the detection of the genital Mollicutes - M.genitalium, M.hominis, U.urealyticum, U.parvum, and relevant non Mollicute organisms found in the urogenital tract specifically T. vagina lis, G. vaginalis and S.agalactiae; a novel qPCR was developed for G.vaginalis. The assays were applied to (a) residual anonymised specimens from a Genitourinary Medicine clinic and (b) placental specimens collected with informed consent in pregnancies presenting in preterm labour; both approaches had appropriate ethical approval. The analysis allowed the prevalence, clinical significance and synergistic relationships of genital Mollicutes to be assessed in different anatomical sites (urethra, vagina, rectum) and different clinical conditions. The qPCR assays were highly reproducible, provided new observations and allowed novel findings to emerge from the overlapping stUdies. Mollicute infections are common and therefore commonly missed by current testing algorithms for STls. M.genitalium and U.parvum were significantly associated (p<0.001 and p=0.03 respectively) with non-chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis in men attending GUM. U.parvum, which is a bacterial commensal of the vaginal micro-flora, showed a significant association with chorioamnionitis (p=0.002) in women delivering preterm and also demonstrated growth synergy (p=0.017) with G.vaginalis in bacterial vaginosis. A further synergy involving M.hominis and G.va!~inalis (p <0.0001 ) was also demonstrated in bacterial vaginosis and in the rectum of men who have sex with men. The association with preterm labour and with bacterial vaginosis suggests that disruption of the vaginal micro-flora in pregnancy could trigger serious obstetric complications involving commensal bacteria. It could also be speculated that the synergistic bacterial overgrowth seen in samples from the rectal mucosa is a factor in HIV transmission across an inflamed surface. The prevalence data and associations with important clinical conditions would support the need for more research on the role of Mollicutes and co-infection in both STls and infections in pregnancy.

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Arrington, Sherri. "Development of an Interactive Game for Education Regarding Sexually Transmitted Infections". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6514.

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Sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence rates are increasing in the United States and globally. Education has been found to be an important strategy for increasing STI testing and treatment rates among sexually active young adults. The goal of this project was to develop an interactive educational game suitable for young adults to decrease the social and economic burden of STIs. The health belief model informed the project. A moderated usability evaluation was conducted using the concurrent think-aloud technique. The participants (N = 5) were a purposive sample of professionals who played the interactive game and then completed Schnall, Cho, and Lie’s Health-Information Technology Usability Evaluation Scale instrument. The findings revealed the necessity of (a) an introduction screen, (b) a reward system for correct answers, and (c) avatars, while also highlighting that (d) the effect on indicator value bars is difficult to understand and (e) the timer led to a feeling of being rushed. The Cronbach’s alpha for the participant group was 0.798, the subscale “Perceived Ease of Use” achieved an alpha level of 0.815, and the subscale “Perceived Usefulness,” 0.762. Refinements to the game based on these data might help to ensure that use of the interactive game contributes to social change by increasing knowledge of STIs in the young adult population.

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Eche, Mecha Nwoke. "Health seeking behaviour in relation to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Nkomazi East of Mpumalanga". Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/542.

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Thesis (M. Med.(Family Medicine))--University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010.
Background: The control of STIs remains a priority for the WHO. Health – seeking and sexual behaviors are important elements in the control of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Aim: To assess health seeking behavior in relation to STIs amongst community members of Nkomazi East area of Mpumalanga who use Tonga hospital’s feeder clinics and comprehensive health centers. Study Design: This was a quantitative research carried out as a non-experimental, descriptive cross-sectional survey employing the use of questionnaires for data collection. Questionnaires covering social, demographic, and healthcare-seeking and sexual behaviour information were administered to 332 patients attending primary care clinics in Nkomazi East area of Mpumalanga. Results: Majority of the participants were single, literate, unemployed blacks aged between 16 – 23 years (43.7%). Participants displayed an exceptionally high STI knowledge with urethral discharge, painful micturition, vaginal discharge and lower abdominal pain the most recognised STI symptoms. All the participants (100%) sought help on perceiving that they have an STI. Preferred source of help is the public health sector with traditional healers also finding some relevance. While compliance to treatment is largely satisfactory, ongoing unsafe sexual practices with active STI seem to be common place. Conclusion: Participants displayed a high knowledge of STI symptoms and signs. Public health facilities were the preferred source of health. Health seeking seemed to be influenced by multiple factors. Financial consideration was not much of a factor while seeking help compared to accessibility to health facility and stigma or shame. Belief system, influence by family members, friends and partners were also important factors influencing health seeking behaviour

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Masson, Lindi. "The impact of sexually transmitted infections and inflammation in the female genital tract and blood on susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and disease progression". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18609.

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Background. In sub-Saharan Africa, which has the highest prevalence of HIV-1 worldwide, most newHIV-1 infections occur by sexual transmission to women. Recent studies in non-human primates have demonstrated that pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the genital tract is necessary for immune cell recruitment and establishment of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection following vaginal inoculation. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationships between inflammation in the female genital tract and (i) susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and (ii) subsequent disease progression in women who became infected. Additionally, genital inflammation was investigated as a mechanism for breakthrough HIV-1 infections in women who became infected even though they were using 1% tenofovir (TFV) microbicide. In the systemic compartment, the level of T cell activation and soluble markers of immune activation during HIV-1 infection are associated with disease outcome. Therefore, the relationships between plasma cytokine concentrations during early HIV-1 infection and disease progression were evaluated Methods. The participants of this study included 230 HIV-uninfected women from the CAPRISA 002cohort who were followed longitudinally for HIV-1 infection, 49 women who were enrolled during acuteHIV-1 infection and followed until 12 months post-infection and 166 HIV-uninfected women who were enrolled in the CAPRISA 004 1% TFV microbicide trial (62 of whom later became HIV-1-infected).Cytokine concentrations were measured in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) and plasma samples from these women using Luminex and ELISA.

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Råssjö, Eva-Britta. "Sexual Behaviour and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Urban Ugandan Youth – Perceptions, Attitudes and Management". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Women's and Children's Health, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6264.

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The aims of this thesis were to expand the knowledge about sexual and reproductive health among urban Ugandan youths, living in a slum, and to evaluate the national flow-chart for management of the abnormal vaginal discharge (AVD) syndrome in adolescent girls. Data collection included individual interviews, focus-group discussions and clinical investigations with tests for chlamydia trachomatis (CT), neisseria gonorrhoea (NG), trichomonas vaginalis (TV), syphilis, and HIV infection. Poverty, peer pressure and gender power imbalance were obstacles to safe sexual practices: to abstain from sex, be faithful or to use condoms. Prevalence among the 199 female and 107 male adolescents for CT, NG, TV, syphilis and HIV was 4.5%, 9.0%, 8.0%, 4.0% and 15.2% for females and 4.7%, 5.7%, 0%, 2.8% and 5.8% for males. The national AVD flow-chart had a sensitivity of 61%, a specificity of 38.5% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 11.6%. A flow-chart using risk factors, rather than symptoms, implicated a sensitivity/specificity and PPV of 82.6%/47% and 17.3% respectively. Socially disadvantaged females had a high risk to be HIV infected and HIV infection was associated to other STIs. Females were more likely than males to have any of the infections studied. Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for HIV was considered as helpful in preventing the spread of HIV. Obstacles for testing were: lack of time and money, fear of stigmatisation and fear that the knowledge of HIV positive status could shorten someone's life. An alternative flow-chart for management of AVD among adolescent girls should be evaluated. Girl's opportunities for education and income generating work should be a priority. VCT services for young people should be made accessible in terms of cost, time and quality of counselling.

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Lutfi, Khaleeq J. "Examining the Association between Racial Residential Segregation, Risky Sexual Behaviors, and Sexually Transmitted Infections". FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3481.

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) disproportionately impact non-Hispanic blacks in the United States. Racial differences in sexual networks can contribute to these disparities. Racial residential segregation, the separation of racial groups in a residential context, is a community factor known to influence sexual networks and has been associated with negative health outcomes. Our objective was to examine the association between racial residential segregation (henceforth, referred to as segregation), risky sexual behavior, concurrent partnerships, and STI diagnoses among non-Hispanic blacks. Demographic, sexual behavior, and STI diagnosis data for non-Hispanic blacks 15–44 years of age were obtained from the 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth. Segregation and community poverty data were obtained from the U.S. Census. Five distinct dimensions measured segregation, each with a representative index. Multilevel logistic regressions were conducted to test how each of the five indices were associated with risky sexual behavior, concurrent partnerships, and STI diagnoses. Risky sexual behavior results showed 16.1% (n=588) of participants engaged in risky sexual behavior. The association was stronger for the absolute centralization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.05 – 2.08) and relative concentration indices (aOR 2.05; 95% CI 2.03 – 2.07). This suggests risky sexual behavior is most strongly associated with segregation in neighborhoods with a high density of non-Hispanic blacks and accumulation of non-Hispanic blacks in an urban core. STI diagnosis results showed 7.4% (n=305) of participants reported a STI diagnosis, and segregation was associated with STI diagnosis. The association was strongest measured with the dissimilarity index (aOR 2.41; 95% CI 2.38 – 2.43) and stronger for males. Concurrent partnerships results showed 15.6% (n=645) of participants reported concurrent partnerships. Multilevel analyses showed segregation to be associated with concurrent partnerships with the association strongest measured with the dissimilarity index. Segregation acted as a risk and a protective factor with risky sexual behavior, concurrent partnerships, and STI diagnosis, depending on the segregation measure. Additional work is needed to understand the mechanisms of how specific segregation dimensions influence risky sexual behaviors and sexually transmitted infections.

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Råssjö, Eva-Britta. "Sexual behaviour and sexually transmitted infections among urban Ugandan youths : perceptions, attitudes and management /". Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6264.

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Temple-Smith, Meredith Jane, i mjts@deakin edu au. "General Practitioner and the Control of Sexually Transmissible Infections". Deakin University. School of Health Sciences, 2001. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20030414.151829.

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Sexually transmissible infections (STIs), one of the major preventable health problems affecting the Australian population, are often asymptomatic and, if undetected, can cause sub-fertility, infertility and chronic morbidity. In addition to these significant and costly consequences, STIs increase the risk of transmission of HIV. Given that 80% of Australian patients attend their General Practitioner (GP) each year, GPs are well placed to have a significant impact on STI transmission by diagnosing and treating both asymptomatic and symptomatic disease. Good professional practice would suggest that all GPs will undertake certain actions when they are consulted by a patient who either has symptoms of an STI or who appears to be at risk of acquiring an STI. This expectation is based on the premise that all GPs share the same detailed knowledge of STI risk factors and symptoms. It assumes that they will have no difficulty in eliciting such information from the patient, that the patient will comply with STI testing and treatment and that the patient will return for follow-up, to ensure that they and their sexual partners have been adequately treated. Given the constraints of the real world in which general practice exists, the sensitive nature of sexual health, and the stigma associated with STIs, there are many barriers to achieving such an outcome. My own previous research has highlighted some of the difficulties experienced by GPs in the area of STI control. This study has used data from four different sources (policy and stakeholder documents, literature, key informant interviews and my own past research) to examine ideal practice and actual practice in the prevention and treatment of STIs. A number of discrepancies were identified, and from these arose a series of recommendations for ways of making STI control in general practice less complex. To ensure that the results of the study were firmly embedded in the reality of general practice, comments on the recommendations were sought from GPs employed in a variety of practice settings, including those with low STI caseloads. These comments were used to modify the recommendations to ensure they would offer a practical and effective contribution to STI control in Victoria.

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Mathai, Elizabeth. "Genital and urinary tract infections in pregnancy in southern India : diagnosis, management and impact on perinatal outcome /". Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-129-6/.

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Luster, Jamie E. "Pubic hair grooming behavior and sexually transmitted infections among female college students". The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu152347541868076.

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Wesson, Jennifer Behets Frieda. "Examining the association between self-reported condom use and sexually transmitted infections". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1020.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 18, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health." Discipline: Epidemiology; Department/School: Public Health.

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Robinson, Katy. "Dynamic contact networks and the spread and evolution of sexually transmitted infections". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559090.

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Sexually transmitted infections impose a huge burden on public health. The epidemic trajectories of such infections form part of a complex system of pathogen transmission, and are dependent on both pathogen characteristics and the structure and dynamics of the underlying sexual contact network. This thesis uses a dynamic network model which realistically represents human sexual contact dynamics in order to investigate the interactions be- tween these factors via three different approaches. Firstly, a transmission model is used to evaluate the role of pathogen du- ration of infectiousness in shaping the effective network over which an STI may spread. This allows us to examine the way in which the importance of different individual-level risk factors (such as number of sexual partners over five years) differs based on pathogen properties. Next, we expand this model to include evolution of a pathogen's genetic sequence, in order to study the extent to which population structure affects the structure of phylogenetic trees resulting from sampled sequences. Finally, we use this same transmission and evolution model to look at the skyline method of reconstructing past changes in effective population size, in order to estimate the number of sequence samples needed to be able to distinguish between a stable and a growing pathogen population and to ~ investigate the effect of network dynamics on the accuracy of this method.

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Makepeace, Benjamin Lawrence. "The aetiology and cell biology of inflammation in sexually transmitted bacterial infections". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327260.

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Burns, Felecity Nicole. "A Community's Perception of Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Infections and Prevention Programs". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2347.

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The United States has the highest rates of teenage pregnancies, births, abortions, and sexually transmitted infections in the industrialized world. African American teen pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections are on the rise in many rural southwest school districts in the State of Georgia where the sex education curriculum is nonexistent or solely focuses on abstinence. Georgia ranked 4th in cases of primary and secondary syphilis, 6th in AIDS, 12th in gonorrhea, 14th in teen pregnancies, and 17th in chlamydia in the United States in 2012. The purpose of this qualitative study was to evaluate the perceptions of residents of a primarily African American rural southwest Georgia community regarding the importance of sex education and their knowledge of the school district's sex education curriculum. It specifically investigated abstinence-only sexual education using Bronfenbrenner's ecological learning theory. Study participants (n = 25) were African American youths in 9th grade, their parents, school officials, religious leaders, policymakers, and health advocates. The research questions were designed to investigate participants' knowledge of sexual health and effective sex education curricula for their school district. Data were collected from the participants via semi-structured interviews. MAXQDA 11.1 software was used for thematic analysis of transcribed interviews. The findings demonstrated community support for a comprehensive sex education curriculum and the need for a new paradigm in social policy that suggests initiatives should be evidence-based to achieve maximum efficacy in policy analysis. The study provides a baseline for school officials to assess community opinions regarding the acceptance of a comprehensive sex education curriculum.

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Ghee, Annette Elizabeth. "Individual and workplace-level correlates of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV infection, among Central American female sex workers : a multilevel approach /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10936.

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Shiu, Yuen-chi Eunice, i 邵琬詞. "A systematic review of the population prevalence of HIV and STD co-infection". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193832.

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Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) remain a public health concern in worldwide. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), one of the STDs, is associated with the increase risk of other STD infections. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), individuals who are infected with STDs are more likely to be infected with HIV than uninfected individuals. As HIV and other STDs share the same transmission route, the co-infection may be observed more frequently in the population. To control the number of co-infection, screening programs are essential in all areas. While screening for individual infections are necessary, the prevalence of co-infection should also be evaluated for surveillance programs. The prevalence of individual STDs have been studied in various reviews, but the population prevalence of the co-infection was not widely studied. Therefore, a systematic review is conducted to provide a summary of the prevalence of HIV with syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea and herpes simplex virus (HSV-2) and co-infection in various populations. Methods: PubMed database is chosen for selection of potential publications in this systematic review. Various keywords are used for the search and and only English publications are selected for review. Studies with statistical data on individual infection but not the co-infection were excluded. Results: Ten studies from various populations are selected for this review. Nine studies were conducted in healthcare facilities and one was conducted in a working site. The number of study participants ranged from 336 to 1661 with a mean age of 32 years old. The average of prevalence of HIV and the chosen STDs was around 20%—highest prevalence is observed in HSV-2 with HIV co-infection. Conclusion: The prevalence of co-infection is low but it cannot be neglected. Simultaneous screening for HIV and other STDs is not necessary in all areas, but it will be very useful in certain facilities where high-risk populations, for example sex workers, MSM etc are served. Such low prevalence of STD co-infection should be maintained and it is the responsibility of both the individuals and the society.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health

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Kemp, Julia Rachel. "A study of the sexual behaviour and reproductive health of adolescent girls on southeast Nigeria". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367825.

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Novak, Daniel. "Improving the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) : a study using Chlamydia trachomatis as a model infection". Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Public Health and Clinical Medicine, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-692.

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Hanson, Stefan. "Control of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections : studies in Tanzania and Zambia /". Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-156-2/.

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Roberts, Tracy Elizabeth. "Economic evaluation and sexually transmitted infections : an empirical comparison of alternative modelling approaches". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574228.

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Bozicevic, Ivana. "Integrating evidence for the interpretation of the sexually transmitted infections epidemics in England". Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423149.

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Cassell, Jacqueline Anne. "The potential of primary care for reducing the transmission of sexually transmitted infections". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611851.

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Allen, Charlla D. "Intention to use male condoms to prevent teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections /". The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486400446370775.

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Geffen, Nathan. "Algorithms for efficiently and effectively matching agents in microsimulations of sexually transmitted infections". Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001266/.

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Mathematical models of the HIV epidemic have been used to estimate incidence, prevalence and life-expectancy, as well the benets and costs of public health interventions, such as the provision of antiretroviral treatment. Models of sexually transmitted infection epidemics attempt to account for varying levels of risk across a population based on diverse | or heterogeneous | sexual behaviour. Microsimulations are a type of model that can account for fine-grained heterogeneous sexual behaviour. This requires pairing individuals, or agents, into sexual partnerships whose distribution matches that of the population being studied, to the extent this is known. But pair-matching is computationally expensive. There is a need for computer algorithms that pair-match quickly. In this work we describe the role of modelling in responses to the South African HIV epidemic. We also chronicle a three-decade debate, greatly influenced since 2008 by a mathematical model, on the optimal time for people with HIV to start antiretroviral treatment. We then present and analyse several pair-matching algorithms, and compare them in a microsimulation of a fictitious STI. We find that there are algorithms, such as Cluster Shuffle Pair-Matching, that offer a good compromise between speed and approximating the distribution of sexual relationships of the study-population. An interesting further finding is that infection incidence decreases as population increases, all other things being equal. Whether this is an artefact of our methodology or a natural world phenomenon is unclear and a topic for further research.

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Lukong, Paul Foka. "The integration of geospatial data into the surveillance and management of HIV/AIDS in Cameroon : thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl9549.pdf.

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Ekstrand, Maria. "Sexual Risk Taking : – Perceptions of Contraceptive Use, Abortion, and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Adolescents in Sweden". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Women's and Children's Health, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8598.

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The overall aim of this thesis was to inestigate Swedish adolescents' perceptions and behaviours regarding sexual risk taking. Specific objectives were to explore teenagers' perceptions of contraceptive use, unintended pregnancy, and abortion; teenage girls' experiences of decision making process and support connected to abortion; and male adolescents' perceptions of sexual risk taking and barriers to practicing safe sex. Another objective was to evaluate the effect of advance provision of emergency contraceptive pills to teenage girls. The methodologies included focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and a randomized controlled trial.

Among the adolescents in our studies, teenage parenthood was generally viewed as a "catastrophe", and the majority expressed supportive attitudes towards abortion (studies I-IV). Occasions of failure to use contraceptives were common, especially when sex was unplanned (studies I-V). Pregnancy prevention was perceived as the woman's responsibility. However, many girls were reluctant about using homonal contraceptives due to worries about negative side effects (I, III). Initiating condom use was difficult for girls, as well as for boys, for a number of reasons (I-IV): fear of ruining an intimate situation, associations with disease, distrust, pleasure reduction, and (for the boys) the fear of loosing one's erection. Males generally perceived personal and partner-related risks connected to unprotected intercourse as low. Few males were worried that an unintended pregnancy would be carried to term, and the majority would urge the girl towards abortion if she seemed ambivalent (II, IV). Girls viewed the abortion decision as a natural, yet difficult choice, strongly influenced by attitudes of partners, parents, peers and societal norms (III). Teenage girls provided with emergency contraceptive pills in advance used it more frequently and sooner after unprotected intercourse compared with controls, without jeopardising regular contraceptive use (V).

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August, Euna Marie. "A Cross-National Analysis of the Human Papillomavirus, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Sexual Behavior among Men". Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3959.

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There is a paucity of research on the risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and sexual behavior among general populations of men. Research with male populations predominantly has focused on those subgroups considered to be at high risk of disease transmission, such as gay and bisexual men, injection drug users, and adolescents/young adults. Considerably fewer studies have examined factors among men, in general, and heterosexual men, specifically. Therefore, I conducted analyses with a cross-national sample of adult, sexually active men in Brazil, Mexico, and the United States to investigate sexual behaviors and risk factors associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV) and other STIs. The research questions were: 1) How does sexual risk differ among men residing in Brazil, Mexico, and the US by age cohort?; 2) Do men's sexual behaviors change after being tested for HPV and other STIs?; and 3) Do men's sexual behaviors change after being informed of diagnosis with HPV and other STIs? These research questions were explored through a quantitative assessment of secondary data collected through a risk factor questionnaire administered using computer assisted self-interviewing. The study findings underscore the need for public health interventions to address STI risk and transmission among men across the lifespan. Additionally, this study revealed the potential of STI testing as an effective strategy to reduce sexual risk-taking among men. While this research identifies key issues of importance in improving men's sexual health, additional research is needed to provide an enhanced contextual understanding of socio-cultural, interpersonal, and community level factors that affect sexual behaviors and decision-making among men.

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Cook, Catherine. "The pedagogy of the clinic: health professionals and women with viral sexually transmitted infections". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5632.

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This study investigates sexual health teaching and its effects. The focus is on how the health clinic works as a pedagogical environment where lessons are offered by clinicians to women patients (often unwittingly) about morality, femininity and the body. Of central concern is the question of how health professionals might contribute to women's quality of life after a viral STI diagnosis. I use examples of the reported engagement between clinicians, women and the two most common viral STIs, the human papilloma virus (HPV) and the herpes simplex virus (HSV). To consider the effects of the myriad beliefs that inform clinical teaching I draw from poststructuralist feminist discourse theory. For data collection I used in-depth email interviews, a research method that allowed participants with viral STIs to 'speak' more freely than might be possible in face-to-face interviews. The method also readily enabled me to interview sexual health clinicians and other women within a wide geographical area, in New Zealand, Australia, North America and England. My research findings include the insights that: by the time women seek out medical care for a viral STI they have received considerable social 'education' that STIs are categorically different from other conditions; although clinicians emphasise the normalcy of viral STIs they tend to have limited knowledge of the difficulties women face in disruptions to sexuality after a diagnosis. Liberal views about sex do not necessarily make the negotiation of safer heterosexual sex and prevention of STI transmission easier for women. Women found it helpful when clinicians addressed both the medical 'normalcy' of viral STIs and their potential to disrupt women's sense of self, sexual and social relationships. In public health education, gynaecological examinations are presented as a routine and essential practice, yet my study found that such examinations are often difficult for women. Research addressing women's reasons for non-compliance with screening emphasises 'underlying' psychological categories of 'anxiety' and 'poor coping'. Minimal attention is paid to the effects of clinicians' interventions upon women's decision-making. My findings indicate that women's screening compliance is influenced by clinicians' gender, (in) attention to power relations, rapport-building, attentiveness to bodily (dis)comfort, and technical skill. In striving for non-judgmental, scientific teaching, clinicians were often unaware that their talk inevitably constituted viral STIs as 'moral' infections. Clinicians may best contribute to women's lives by acknowledging that medical discourse is only one part of the fragmentary and contradictory education women receive about bodies and selves.

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Okeke, Ogwulu Chidubem. "Developing and piloting approaches for the valuation of outcomes associated with sexually transmitted infections". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8648/.

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Background Eliciting health-state utility values (HSUVs) for use in cost-utility analysis (CUA) for some diseases is limited by the variation in the duration of the health-states such as it includes both temporary and chronic health-states. There is no 'gold standard' approach for valuing temporary health states (THS). Conventional time trade-off (TTO) is deemed inappropriate because it presents an unrealistic scenario to respondents and the chained TTO has been proposed to solve this problem. This thesis uses a case study, Chlamydia trachomatis (a sexually transmitted infection) to explore this challenge. The main burden of chlamydia is typically believed to be borne by women, with a paucity of studies describing the psychosocial outcomes for men, hence making it difficult to value outcomes associated with men. Objectives This thesis aimed to: develop approaches for valuing the health-states associated with chlamydia and derive utility values for the chronic and temporary health-states associated with chlamydia. An additional objective was to define the psychosocial impact of chlamydia in men via an exploration of the asymmetric nature of the disease burden. Methods The thesis elicited utilities for seven health-states (five THS and two chronic health-state) depicting the symptoms of chlamydia. The health-states were developed using evidence from the literature and interviews with clinical experts. Chained time trade-off (TTO) was applied to THSs and conventional TTO to CHSs. Ectopic pregnancy was used as a lower anchor for chained TTO. The VAS technique was also employed. The study sampled from three different population groups and the survey was administered face-to-face. A qualitative synthesis was conducted using meta-ethnography, to identify the psychosocial impact of chlamydia in men. Discussion The thesis identified appropriate approaches for valuing chlamydia health-states and showed that chained TTO is feasible. Methodological challenges arising from this study include the development of health-state description, the selection of appropriate anchor states and the duration of the anchor state. The HSUV s could potentially be used in cost-utility analyses examining the cost-effectiveness of screening. The meta-ethnography highlighted the need to broaden the focus of future evaluations.

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Phathekile, Bonke. "Synthesis of peptide-loaded chitosan nanoparticles for the treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STI’s)". University of Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7726.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
Peptides are among the main drugs which attract much attention because of their great potential in treating sexually transmitted diseases and other chronic diseases. There has been a major challenge of delivering these drugs in mucosal sites with low pH environment. The aim of this study is to synthesize acidic pH stable peptide loaded chitosan nanoparticles gels that could penetrate mucus layers covering the epithelial cells and kill HIV virus. Chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized by crosslinking method called Ionic gelation with Sodium tripolyphosphateTPP.
2023

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Jackson, Naundria Jarlego, i Naundria Jarlego Jackson. "Advanced Practice Nurses' Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Infection and Established Counseling Guidelines". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622906.

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Background: Sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates represent a significant health disparity among young adult African American women. A major factor contributing to this issue is inconsistent condom use. This is especially a challenge for the state of Georgia, which has a high incidence of STI among the southern states. STI prevention counseling delivery through primary care providers is the primary recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and U.S. Preventive Services Taskforce. However, knowledge, attitudes, and practices of STI prevention counseling by advanced practice registered nurses (APRN) who care for young adult African American women are unknown in Georgia.Purpose: This doctor of nursing practice project investigated knowledge, attitudes, and practices of STI prevention by Georgia APRNs caring for young adult African American women on an outpatient basis and determined congruency of their counseling with primary prevention guide-lines. Methods: The design was descriptive cross-sectional. An online survey using Qualtrics software was distributed via professional listservs and postal mail to eligible Georgia APRNs currently in practice. Participants' knowledge of STI, STI prevention, and current practice guidelines and recommendations were assessed using knowledge questionnaires including true/false and multiple choice questions. Participants' attitudes regarding STI prevention counseling with young African American women and current APRN behaviors, in relation to current practice guidelines, were measured using Likert-type scales. Outcomes: The final sample size included 22 participants. Forty initiated the survey, ten did not meet eligibility criteria, six ended the survey during eligibility screening, and two ended the survey after completing less than seven percent of it. In general, participants were knowledgeable of STI and the majority of participants were knowledgeable of the CDC and USPSTF guidelines. The majority of participants felt comfortable discussing sexual practices with patients and providing feedback and advice on reducing STI risk behavior. However, the majority of participants did not believe that their current practice setting actively supported their delivery of STI prevention counseling. Overall, participants' practices were more congruent with the CDC guidelines compared to the USPSTF guidelines. This was reflected in knowledge and practice behaviors, specifically assessing for STI, providing feedback on risk behavior, and advising on behavior change with STI-infected patients and those at risk for STI. Fewer chose the USPSTF as their established practice guideline. This was revealed in practice behaviors pertaining to 'high-risk' counseling, as few tended to set goals for STI risk behavior change, document behavior goals, refer to STI resources, or follow up with referrals made to other STI risk reduction programs. Practice implications: Although overall APRN knowledge of STI was high, there were some knowledge deficits relating to appropriate barrier methods for viral-based STI and high-risk sexual behaviors associated with HBV. There was also a lack of knowledge and practice behaviors of the USPSTF STI prevention counseling guidelines. Therefore, future studies and interventions should aim to educate APRNs about these knowledge and practice insufficiencies.

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Weaver, Racquel D. "An Assessment of Sexually Transmitted Disease Knowledge Among 7th Grade Students". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/610.

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Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) continue to remain a public health concern in the United States, especially among young people. Levels of knowledge with regard to STDs have been investigated in prior research; however, these investigations have been limited primarily to older adolescents and young adults. Grounded in the social cognitive and subjective culture theories, this quantitative, cross-sectional study assessed STD knowledge (other than HIV/AIDS) among 7th grade students attending a public middle school in the United States. Demographic differences (age, gender, and ethnicity) in STD knowledge were examined to determine if these demographic variables predict STD knowledge scores and if the Sexually Transmitted Disease Knowledge Questionnaire (STD-KQ) is a valid and reliable instrument among this study population. Chi-square analysis demonstrated that STD knowledge scores significantly differed by age only: Twelve-year-olds had higher STD scores than did 13-year-olds, contrary to research in older adolescents, which may be the result of confounding factors that warrant further investigation. Multiple regression analysis showed that age, gender, and ethnicity were not associated with STD knowledge scores. The STD-KQ was found to have face validity as well as high consistency and reliability among all questions related to STDs other than HIV/AIDS using Crohnbach's alpha. Content validity for individual STD-KQ items was shown using Lawshe's content validity ratio and subject matter experts. Results of the study support positive social change and highlight the need for earlier STD education, other than HIV/AIDS, with middle school children and the need to examine other factors that may impact STD knowledge within this age group.

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Vivancos, Roberto. "An epidemiological study of the influence of foreign travel on sexual behaviour and risks of sexually transmitted infections". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492862.

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Oladimeji, Oluwadamilare Ezekiel. "“I think it’s safer, then you don’t have to worry about getting a disease or anything” : A QUALITATIVE STUDY EXPLORING THE PERCEPTION OF SWEDISH YOUTH ON THE USE OF CONDOMS IN PREVENTING SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-300148.

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Introduction: Youth (15-24) have the highest prevalence of sexual transmitted infections (STI) among all the age groups and this has been attributed to high sexual risk behaviour and low condom use in this group. The use of condoms by youth is negotiated through a complex array of personal and social factors. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of Swedish youth on the factors that affect their use of condoms to protect against STI. Methodology: The data collection was done over a period of 3 months using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions (FGD) and the collected data was analysed with thematic analysis. Findings: Participants perceived that different factors across intimate social circle, community and access to condoms influence the use of condoms by youth in Sweden. The lack of information from the media, embarrassment as a barrier to obtaining condoms and the influence of parents on condom use were prominent findings. Conclusion: Efforts to improve condom use by youth will benefit from exploring the different factors that inform youth’s perceptions on condom use. Opportunities for improvement identified in this study include the installation of condom vending machines, promoting condom use through the mass media and parents discussing condoms with their children.

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Waetford, Cathrine Huhana. "The knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of young Māori women in relation to sexual health a descriptive qualitative study : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Health Science, 2008 /". Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/412.

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Ghimire, Laxmi. "Health services utilisation for sexually transmitted infections including HIV by female sex workers in Nepal". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=158823.

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A total of 425 questionnaire-based interviews and 15 in-depth interviews with FSWs in Nepal including non-participant observation in the field were conducted in 2006. The age range of the FSWs participated was 15-46 years. FSWs (30.8%) reported having had STI symptoms in presences 12 month. The quantitative findings suggested that many reported having used condoms during their last sexual intercourse, but in-depth interviews suggested the opposite. One fifth (21%) had never visited health facilities. Of those who visited, 149 (50.3%) turned to a private clinic and pharmacy; 181 (61.1%) used Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) clinics, 79 (26.6%) resorted to care in hospital and 30 (10.1%) treated themselves. The remainder 85 (28.7%) were found to seek help from primary health care centre, health posts, family planning clinic or other health institutions for treatment. The behaviour theories and models used in this study (i.e. health belief model, theory of reasoned action and planned behaviour) partly explain the decisions of FSW on use and non-use of available health services. The study identified that lack of confidentiality and privacy created distrust among FSWs and stopped them from accessing health services. Embarrassment, disregard by health care providers and poor communication with them, long waiting time and fear of exposure as a sex worker were major barriers to seeking health services. It is therefore necessary to provide specific training to service providers in all types of health care institutions in order to promote confidential and quality health services.

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