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1
Ihenacho, Kelechi Nkeiruka, i Christina Nicole Burden. "The influence of gender scripts on African American college student condom use". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3329.
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This study examines how African American gender scripts influence condom use for disease and pregnancy prevention. One-hundred African American California State University, San Bernardino (CSUSB) students were selected to participate in this study. Fifty African American males and fifty African American females were surveyed for this study to be representative of the African American community on campus.
2
Lukong, Paul Foka. "The diffusion of HIV/AIDS in sub Saharan Africa : the role of social, economic and cultural factors /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envl954.pdf.
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3
Duncan, Barbara St Clair. "Social cognition and sexually transmitted diseases : an investigation of aspects of health behaviour among patients attending an English genito-urninary medicine clinic". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267207.
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4
Lemar, Susan. "Control, compulsion and controversy: venereal diseases in Adelaide and Edinburgh 1910-1947". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl548.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 280-305). Argues that despite the liberal use of social control theory in the literature on the social history of venereal diseases, rationale discourses do not necessarily lead to government intervention. Comparative analysis reveals that culturally similar locations can experience similar impulses and constraints to the development of social policy under differing constitutional arrangements.
5
Heusser, Shelly Lucien. "Mediating factors in the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and HIV Sexual risk behaviour among men who have sex with men". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1398.
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Previous studies have indicated an association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and an increased risk of engaging in unsafe behaviours during adulthood, including risky sexual practices. This study examined the relationship between CSA and adult HIV sexual risk behaviour among a sample of South African men who have sex with men (MSM). Potential pathological long-term mental health outcomes of CSA, including dissociation, sex-related substance abuse, depression, sexual compulsivity, impaired interpersonal communication, and over-reliance on submissive sexual scripts, were treated as variables mediating the relationship between CSA and sexual risk behaviour. Men frequenting a gay internet dating site were randomly selected to complete an electronic version of the anonymous survey. Results indicate that one-fourth of participants reported a history of CSA. Men with a history of unwanted sexual activity during childhood were more likely to report recreational substance abuse, sex-related substance abuse, sexual compulsivity, and adult revictimisation experiences. Men who were abused were also more likely to engage in unprotected anal intercourse compared to those who were not abused. Mediation analyses revealed that MSM who are survivors of CSA are particularly susceptible to drug abuse, sex-related drug abuse, and sexual compulsivity, and these sequelae in turn predict higher reported numbers of male sexual partners. The current data suggest that CSA is widespread among men at high risk for HIV infection, and that it may have a devastating influence on the quality of life and health risk behaviour of these men. These results also highlight the importance of mental health services and new approaches in HIV prevention for MSM who have been sexually abused as children. Further research is needed into the contextual factors of the childhood abuse experience which account for the variability in longterm negative mental health outcomes of CSA survivors.
6
Placencia, Mary Louise. "Condom use in 15-19 year old adolescent girls before and after initiating hormonal contraception". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2123.
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This study provides data suggesting that adolescent girls who receive education and hormonal contraceptive methods at a school-based clinic in the Fontana Unified School District, are more likely to have a signficant improvement in condom use, which improves safe sex practices and reduces the risks of sexually transmitted diseases.
7
Curry, Kimberly Sue, i Frank Thomas Jr Pullara. "The effects of HIV/AIDS education curriculum on the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of college freshmen". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1569.
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8
Black, Michael David. "Central city youth and HIV/AIDS an emerging community construct: Finding the best fit ofprovention and intervention service". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1814.
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9
Bridges, Jennifer. "Reclaiming Female Virtue: Social Hygiene, Venereal Disease and Texas Reclamation Centers during World War I". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404551/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
During the Progressive Era in the United States, social hygiene reformers underwent a fundamental change in their stance toward women accused of prostitution or promiscuous behavior. Rather than viewing such women as unfortunate victims of circumstance who were worthy of compassion, many Progressives deemed them as predatory villains who instead deserved incarceration, forced rehabilitation, and non-consenting medical interference. Texas, due to the many military bases within its borders, became a key battleground in this moral crusade against women as the carriers and proliferators of VD. "Promiscuous" women were seen as not only dangerous to the soldiers but also as a threat to the nation's security, creating an environment that led Texas Progressives to suppress women's civil liberties in the name of protecting soldiers. The catalyst for this change in attitude was World War I. The Great War brought to the forefront an unpleasant reality facing a significant percentage of America's fighting men: venereal disease. While combating sexually transmitted diseases was a serious medical and manpower concern for the military in the era before penicillin, the sole focus on women as the carriers and proliferators of VD led to a nationwide campaign against the "social evil" that demonized women and led to the suspension of thousands of women's habeas corpus rights. This dissertation examines how the twin crusades of Progressivism and the War to End All Wars created conditions in Texas that for many women meant appalling repression rather than progress toward the enjoyment of greater equality.
10
Lukong, Paul Forka. "The diffusion of HIV/AIDS in sub Saharan Africa : the role of social, economic and cultural factors". 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envl954.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 103-113. Uses GIS to map the pattern of widespread transmission, commercial sex workers, poverty prevalence, illiteracy rate, population displacement and other social indicators to show the vulnerability of the region's population; and to demonstrate that there is no single point of radiation of HIV/AIDS in the sub region. Discusses mitigation and prevention strategies and proposes the use of GIS be incorporated in the fight against HIV/AIDS in sub Saharan Africa.
11
Dallimore, Anthea. "Adolescent risk taking behaviour in an era of HIV/AIDS infection : a case study if youth in Kwazulu-Natal Province, South Africa". Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5227.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In light of the current HIV/ AIDS epidemic. the sexual risk taking and health seeking behaviour of South African adolescents is of extreme interest to rescearchers and programme implementers. Using a database of adolescents between the ages of 14 and 22 from Durban Metro and Mtunzini Magisterial District in KwaZulu-Natal Province. This paper seeks to investigate which antecedents impact most on adolescent sexual behaviour. Risk taking behaviour of interest is whether or not a condom was worn at last intercourse. The analysis also seeks to test the impact of Life Skills education in school on this behavioural outcome. Although much of the literature has pointed to more distal factors having greater influence on adolescent health seeking and risk taking behaviour. This analysis has showed that issues relating more closely to levels of communication within a relationship, attitudes towards the use of condoms. and previous health seeking behaviour. have the greatest impact on condom use. Those adolescents who wore a condom the first time they had sex. who felt they could confidently convince their partner to use a condom and who maintain high levels of communication with their partner. were found most likely to have used a condom the last time they had intercourse.Thesis (M.Dev.Studies)-University of Natal, Durban, 2000.
12
Juggernath, Vermala. "Prevalence and risk factors associated with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in a cohort of woman : a secondary analysis". Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13344.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background: Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV 2) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. HSV 2 infection is a risk factor for the acquisition and transmission of other STIs.
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine prevalence and predictors of HSV 2 infection in Durban, South Africa by using available data that has not been previously analysed for the purpose of adding scientific evidence to the existing body of knowledge relating to HSV 2.
Method: The study involves secondary analyses of data collected as a prospective study which enrolled women who participated in a clinical trial. A total of 3472 sexually active women were screened in the primary study from two clinics in Durban. All consenting participants were tested for HIV, HSV 2, Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Neisseria gonorrhoea (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection.
Results: There were 2532 women who had HSV 2 giving a prevalence of 73%. Of these, 53% also tested positive for HIV infection. In univariate analysis, co-infection with HIV was strongly associated with HSV2 (Odds Ratio (OR): 7.4, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 6.0, 9.1, p<0.001). There was also an association between other STIs, such as CT, NG and syphilis and HSV 2, although only NG was significantly associated with prevalent of HSV 2 (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3, 4.1, p=0.005). Women older than 25 years of age more likely to have HSV 2 (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 2.0,2.8, p<0.001). A risk of being infected with HSV 2 increased with the number of reported lifetime sexual partners Those with two and three or more were 2,5 and 4.6 times more likely to have HSV2 respectively (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 2.1,3.1, p<0.001 and OR: 4.6, 95% CI: 3.8, 5.6, p<0.001 respectively). Women who had less than high school education were also found to have higher risk for HSV 2.
Conclusion: The secondary analysis showed a high prevalence of HSV 2 infection and a strong association of HSV 2 and HIV. A significant association of HSV 2 was noted in women having more than two sex partners and lower high school education. Therefore, it is recommended that screening for HSV 2 among high risk populations be incorporated into the STI screening and treatment packages.Prevalence and risk factors associated with HSV 2
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2
HSV 2
Department of Health Studies
M. (Public health)
13
Ngubane, Sibusiso Siphesihle. "African township high school boys' articulations of masculinity, sexuality and sexual risk in the age of HIV / AIDS". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9567.
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The aim of this study was to explore African high school boys' articulations of masculinity, the meanings they give to their sexuality and risky sexual behaviours in the age of HIV/AIDS. The study focused on finding out what explanations boys offer for engaging in risky and unsafe sexual practices. The study used qualitative research in the form of focus group discussions and individual interviews. Seven African high school boys aged 16 turning 17 were the source of data. The findings show that some boys engage in unprotected sex, while others indicated that unprotected sex is risky. This study argues that the risky sexual behaviours that boys engage in are closely related to their constructions of masculinity. It also found that the meanings boys give to their sexuality are also influenced by external factors whereby they imitate what their peers do in order to gain acknowledgement from them and the society. Alcohol is a key factor promoting unsafe sexual practices, while social networks, such as Facebook and Mixit, are used by boys to share sex videos and pictures, thus exposing them to too much sex. With regards to implications, this study shows that the notion of being a real man is something that most boys want to achieve. Being a real man is tantamount to being courageous enough to engage in risky practices.Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.
14
Sibaya, Simangele Mary-Magdalene. "Impact of HIV/AIDS on rural community of Kwa-Mthethwa area in KwaZulu-Natal". Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/191.
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Submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Sociology at the University of Zululand, 2003.A study of impact of HIV/AIDS on rural community involves a whole range of factors. This investigation focused on youth's level of knowledge of HTV/AIDS, youth's informants and youth's attitudes towards HIV/AIDS sufferers. Literature review was conducted. This has revealed that the attitude within the community feeds on a plethora of explanations for caring of AIDS sufferers. Much research has focused on poverty. Most research recognize the importance of support groups and champion this idea to many communities. An empirical investigation was conducted. The findings reveal that many adolescents/youth understand a lot about HIV/AIDS. Furthermore youth is receptive to a wide spectrum of credible sources of information. The attitude of the community is generally positive towards HIV/AIDS sufferers. The dissertation concludes with recommendations for further research in this field.
15
Seroto, Mapula Ennia. "Perceived barriers of HIV status disclosure of pregnant women to their partners in the Capricorn District, Limpopo Province". Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25088.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Disclosure of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive status is vital for prevention and promotion of the couple‟s health. The study aimed to investigate the perceived barriers of pregnant women diagnosed as HIV positive towards disclosure of their HIV status to their partners in the Capricorn District, Limpopo Province. Recommendations were formulated to enhance the self-efficacy.
A quantitative, explorative, descriptive cross-sectional design and the Health Belief Model theory was used. Non-probability, convenience sampling utilised and 170 respondents aged 18-40 years participated in the study. A questionnaire was used to collect data and the SSPS version 24.0 was utilised to analyse data. Overall, 87.64% respondents received disclosure education and 80% disclosed their status to their partners. Reasons for non-disclosure included fear of rejection, violent behaviour, blame and stigmatisation by partners. Health care workers should provide pregnant women with information on preventive strategies to enhance disclosure of HIV status.Health Studies
M.A. (Nursing Science)
16
Skosana, Mercia Nongoma Dorah. "Perceptions of adolescents about sexuality and sexually transmitted diseases". Diss., 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/667.
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The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the perceptions of adolescents about sexuality and sexually transmitted infections, which probably contribute towards the high incidence of sexually transmitted infections amongst this group.The study was designed as a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research. A focus group interview and unstructured observation were used to collect data, using a nonprobability
snowball sample. The group consisted of 12 male and female adolescents residing in a specific geographical area in Pretoria and attending different high schools. Recommendations made focus on:
the approach to sex education programmes factors that need to be addressed in order to improve adolescent sexual health
empowerment strategies of teachers, parents and community leaders on adolescent sexuality and sexually transmitted infections so that in turn, they should be able to empower adolescents on their sexual roles and thus make informed choices The impact of implementing the recommendations will benefit individuals, families and communities.Health Studies
M.A.(Health Studies)
17
Diale, Dorothy Maruapula. "Teenagers' and community nurses' perceptions of sexually transmitted diseases among teenagers". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7063.
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M.Cur.An exploratory descriptive study was undertaken, focusing on sexually transmitted diseases among teenagers. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the possible reasons for the high rate of sexually transmitted diseases in teenagers. The knowledge, attitudes and opinions of teenagers and community nurses involved in the teenage clinic in a specific predominantly black area were assessed. Twenty teenagers and five community nurses in a specific predominantly black area, were participants in the study. Focus group interviews are used. The study is conducted in two phases: teenagers representing phase one (1) and community nurses as phase two (2). It can be concluded that the attitudes of community nurses may have an influence on the high rate of sexually transmitted diseases, and the knowledge of the teenagers about sexually transmitted diseases is based on myths and misconceptions. The recommendations made are that the training standards for all community nurses should be reviewed and adapted to meet the needs of teenagers attending the teenage services. The policy on in-service training must be reviewed and monitored. Community nurses' intensive training on teenage service delivery and sexually transmitted diseases services should be in correlation with the principles of Primary Health Care. Community nurses need to attend intensive courses on interpersonal skills specifically related to teenagers. Selection procedures for recruiting community nurses to attend specifically to teenagers should be researched. The attitude of community nurses and teenagers should be the core of the service delivery. Teenagers should be involved in planning programmes and the teenage clinic should be evaluated frequently to improve the standards. The availability of teenage services should result in a decrease in sexually transmitted diseases among teenagers.
18
Netangaheni, Thinavhuyo Robert. "A hidden cohort: HIV and AIDS amongst the farming community". Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/706.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Purpose
This research project was an attempt to determine situational aspects of HIV and AIDS among the designated farming communities in the Vhembe and Mopani districts of Limpopo Province. Questions arising from the pilot project were premised on the capacity of farmers in these areas to adequately address the daunting reality and prevalence of HIV and AIDS in their communities.
Research Design and Methodology
The research was designed to facilitate the integration of both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A sample of 228 respondents was involved in a triangulated participatory action research method. To the extent that the data collection techniques were triangulated in both nature and focus, HIV/AIDS-related data and information within the designated farming communities was attained with a maximum degree of validity. The data collection techniques used in this regard were: questionnaires, which were distributed to 228 respondents; participant observation; exploratory investigation; unstructured interviews; naturalistic observation; focus group interviews and discussion; and review of documents. The reviewed documents include (primary) sources on HIV/AIDS by the Department of Health and (secondary) sources of literature by various authors presenting a range of perspectives on HIV/AIDS in farming areas.
Findings
The results of the study revealed the absence of a coordinated policy on HIV/AIDS in particular, and health in general; and a vacuous prevalence of basic HIV/AIDS-related information. For instance, knowledge on condom usage as a prevention strategy was ostensibly scant. Currently, primary healthcare services in the area are not available. The sampled farm workers themselves unanimously corroborated that there was no HIV/AIDS policy on the SAFM farms.
Conclusion
Based on the main findings established above, it has become indispensable that comprehensive and multidisciplinary HIV/AIDS policy interventions be initiated by all the relevant stakeholders. Local and provincial healthcare authorities need to provide policy guidelines for the development of such policy, taking the particular needs and circumstances of farm workers. The pervasive degree of insufficient HIV/AIDS knowledge among this group necessitates that such a policy should integrate both a labour perspective and healthcare orientation, rather than perpetuating a separation of the two paradigms. This form of integration ensures that the observance of a human rights dimension becomes a sacrosanct component of the prevention of HIV/AIDS among farm workers, as well as their education concerning their healthcare-related rights as farm employees. Furthermore, the prevalence of a national HIV and AIDS policy is mainly aimed at facilitating broad guidelines, not addressing the specific contexts of every public, corporate and rural employment sector (DoH, 2007: 11-12; Muhlemann, et al., 1992: 479). In order that the education, prevention and treatment initiatives in the Vhembe and Mopani farming communities are achieved, the most important parameters of the policy should indicate:
,,X The systematic institutionalisation of local, provincial, and national HIV and AIDS programmes, notwithstanding the provision of healthcare facilities such as clinics;
,,X The promotion of basic healthcare education in general, and HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention among farm workers in particular;
,,X The development of HIV/AIDS work place policy by SAFM as employer;
,,X The systematic involvement and formation of partnerships between policy makers, local and international funders, HIV/AIDS healthcare workers and practitioners, NGOs and SAFM.
As a critical factor and unit of analysis in the study, SAFM is expected to fulfil a developmental function among its employees, their families, and the local communities. This function could be enhanced further with the collaboration between SAFM and other farmers in the distribution of basic information regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases at the workplace, as well as extensive healthcare education and training for their farming personnel. Trained personnel, especially managers, are a salient factor in the implementation of organisational health and safety requirements (DoH, 2007: 6, 8; Muhlemann, et al., 1992: 478-479).Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
19
Netangaheni, Thinavhuyo Robert. "The exploration of perceptions of people regarding HIV/AIDS in the workplace". Diss., 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1014.
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The study aim to investigate perceptions of military personnel with regard to
HIV/AIDS in the SANDF in some military Units of Bloemfontein.
The military personnel includes all males and females whose ages range between
19 - 47 years, were included in the sample.
The approach utilised were both qualitative and quantitative. The data collection
technique were:
Closed and open-ended questionnaires were distributed to 548
respondents.
~ Participant observation.
~ Review of documents.
• Unstructured observations.
.. Unstructured interviews.
This different data collection techniques to gather valid and reliable information
with regard to HN/AJDS in the SANDF were triangulated. The findings revealed
poor perception with regard to HIV/AIDS in the workplace, health education, lack
of privacy, and discrimination on the benefit of HIV/AIDS.
The recommendations of this project deals with aspects which include HIV/AIDS
education, inclusion of HIV/AIDS in all military courses, distribution of policy on
HIVIAIDS to all military personnel, and involvement in HIV/AIDS awareness.Health Studies
M. Cur. (Health Studies)
20
Mokwatlo, Elizabeth Maboakae. "The evaluation of the implementation of HIV-AIDS policies at school level with particular focus on discrimination and stigma amongst educators". Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2085.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Against the background of evidence that HIV-AIDS has had and continues to have
an enormous impact on all South African schools, a need has arisen for HIV -AIDS
policies and programmes to be effectively implemented in all schools. In this study, a
qualitative methodology was used to evaluate policy implementation in the North
West province. Data was gathered by means of field notes, observation and
interviews with management and educators. The study found that although principals
and educators are knowledgeable about HIV -AIDS, there is a tendency to
discriminate against infected educators, particularly in terms of educator workload.
This study also revealed that educators fear being accidentally exposed to HIV -AIDS
infected blood, despite the guidelines given in the National HIV -AIDS policy and the
availability of emergency first aid kits. The key thought emerging from this study is
that not all schools are able to deal effectively with HIV -AIDS and that schools
urgently need to plan or implement their own policies in this regard. School-based
HIV-AIDS policies can only be successful if they take cognisance of local contextual
issues and involve the three spheres of influence in the lives of educators and
learners, namely, the sphere of the school, the sphere of family life and the sphere of
the community.Sociology
M.A.(Social and Behavioural Studies in HIV-AIDS)
21
Lukong, P. F. "The integration of geospatial data into the surveillance and management of HIV/AIDS in Cameroon : thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy / Paul Foka Lukong". 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22102.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
"May 2004"Includes bibliographical references (leaves 243-270)
xviii, 270 leaves : ill. (some col.), maps ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, Discipline of Geographical and Environmental Studies, 2004
22
Guzana, Zukile Wesley. "How can the Young Men's Guild (YMG) respond to the needs for the prevention of HIV (MCSA) : with special reference to King William's Town circuit". Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2107.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This research undertook to establish how the YMG in KWT circuit become fruitfully involved in the prevention of HIV and AIDS. It is argued here that the YMG is strategically situated in the church to address issues in the Xhosa-Christian culture that exacerbate the spread of HIV. These include issues like maleness and gender inequality, safer sex practices and the place of condoms and the promotion of sex ethics. The YMG is historically a centre for peer education, resilience in suffering, and morale building. It was the YMG that enabled the church to stand and strategise against apartheid. It is therefore a suitable space for Aids debate, education, and strategising on prevention methods. The YMG is also a well-to-do forum for airing the voices of the Xhosa Christian men on AIDS issues. It is, as well, a good support forum for addressing treatment and bereavement in an allempt to demythologise the Aids disease. However, it is the submission of this research that the YMG needs certain focusing in order to become fruitfully involved in prevention efforts. It is therefore recommended that the age disparity within the study circles of the YMG be resolved in order to create openness and comradeship. The membership of YMG at the present stretches from 17 years to 70 years. Members of YMG with this age disparity cannot talk freely on sexuality and HIV unless the groupings are systematised. There is also the need to bring on board such church leaders in the circuit so as to address morality and sexuality within the Methodist doctrinal perspective.Thesis (M.Th.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.
23
Wilson, Alyssa Courtney Prien. "The impact of sexual coercion and violence on sexual decision- making : a look at youth in KwaZulu Natal". Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4835.
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Nnabugwu-Otesanya, Bernadette Ekwutosi. "A comparative study of prostitutes in Nigeria and Botswana". Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1588.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This study attempts to understand prostitution from their definition of the situation. It differs in its method from other studies on prostitution in that the investigation was based on the prostitutes' own perspectives as interpreted by the researcher using the interpretative epistemological tradition. A comparative analysis of prostitution in two economically stable African Countries, namely Nigeria and Botswana was made.
This study investigated society's perception of prostitutes and how it impacts upon their empowerment and emancipation as vulnerable members of the society and their participation in prevention and control of sexually transmitted infection including HIV/AIDS. Also the role of governments and individuals in creating and sustaining prostitution, an extensive insight to the modus operandi of prostitution and suggestions on how best to address prostitution in society, were discussed.
A triangulated methodology of three hundred and twenty five sexworkers (325) that includes a quantitative study of two hundred and five sex workers complimented with a qualitative study of one hundred and twenty sex workers participating in focus group discussion and case studies informed the study.
The findings of the research suggest that in the prostitutes' own definition of the situation; prostitutes contribute to the maintenance of societal equilibrium, the society creates and sustains prostitution. Economic need rather than lack of morals creates prostitutes and their situation of vulnerability as women is being reinforced by their status as prostitutes. Violence from partners that includes the police and the inability to reprimand their clients, are some hazards of prostitution and these result in their mobility and creates a challenge in adequately addressing the issue of prostitution in society, including their limited participation in the control of STDs.
Respondents in Botswana had a very good knowledge of STI's /HIV/AIDS and had no difficulties in going to hospital in the event of any STD's as compared with Nigerian respondents. The Nigerian respondents' indulged in self-medication with antibiotics and traditional herbs mixed in local gin before and after a sexual act, rather than go to hospitals.
The research findings should assist the government and international community's policies and programmes aimed at addressing prostitution and STDs/HIV/AIDS.Sociology
D.Litt. et Phil.(Sociology)
25
Alemayehu, Betel Getachew. "Socio-cultural factors contributing to the differential HIV statuses between Agnuak and Nuer communities in Fugnido refugee camp, Ethiopia". Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/8922.
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According to the 2005 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey, HIV prevalence in Gambella
region where Fugnido refugee camp is located is 6%, which is the highest prevalence data
recorded in the country. Similarly, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR) Health Information System (HIS) demonstrates that Fugnido has the highest HIV
prevalence compared to other refugee camps in Ethiopia and furthermore shows variation in
prevalence among the two main ethnic groups in the camp, namely Agnuak and Nuer (about
8.5% and 2.3% respectively). The study seeks to investigate why a significant difference
exists in the number of people with known HIV positive status among the Agnuak
community compared to the Nuer community in the Fugnido refugee camp in Ethiopia. It
does this by investigating factors that are presumed to explain HIV high risk-behaviour and
vulnerability. This was a cross-sectional study of Agnuak and Nuer tribes living at the
Fugnido refugee camp. The sampled population involved men and women refugees from the
ages of 15 to 49 years. The study used a mixed method approach or methodological
triangulation. Cluster sampling technique was used for the quantitative data collection. The
sample size was 831 refugees (439 Agnuak and 390 Nuer). Seven (7) Focus Group
Discussions (FGDs) and 3 Key Informant (KI) interviews was used for the qualitative data
collection. Findings show that the Agnuak were almost 4 times (OR=3.8, 95% CI [1.9-7.4] p
< 0.05) more likely to practice risky behaviour compared to 0.3 times (OR=0.3, 95% CI [0.1-
0.9] p < 0.05) likelihood among the Nuer refugees. Factors associated with differences in
risky behaviour for both Agnuak and Nuer included, inter alia, primary education as the
highest level of education attained, 50% among the Agnuak (OR=0.5, 95% CI [0.3-0.8] p <
0.05), compared to Nuer community’s 30% (OR=0.3, 95% CI [0.2-0.6] p < 0.05). Access to
HIV and voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) services was lower for the Agnuak
(OR=1.8, 95% CI [1.1-2.9] p < 0.05) compared to the Nuer (OR=2.9, 95% CI [1.6-5.1] p <
0.05). Unlike the Nuer refugees, the Agnuak refugees who had experienced forced sex
(OR=7.3, 95% CI [2.9-18.8] p < 0.05) and had a positive attitude (lack of or reduced stigma)
towards HIV (OR=2.1, 95% CI [1.3-3.7] p < 0.05) were more positively associated with risky
6
behaviour (than the Nuer). The Nuer had no factor associated with risky behaviour that was
different from that of the Agnuak. The study revealed more Agnuak refugees than Nuer
refugees had been engaged in risky sexual behaviour by having multiple sex partners and
being involved in transactional sex. The Nuer was more closed and reserved to having sexual
relations outside of their group than the Agnuak were which contributed to their relatively
lower HIV prevalence. Furthermore, there was very low condom use among the Nuer
community compared to the Agnuak community, which was based on differential attitudes
between the two communities concerning trust of partner and monogamous relations. The
study findings recommend that humanitarian workers and community partners need to
collaborate to develop congruent HIV interventions that go beyond traditional strategies of
distributing condoms and focus on correct and consistent use of condoms in the camp.
Humanitarian and community workers’ understanding the socioeconomic context of the
communities and the influence of cultural and other factors, including behaviour with
intervention strategies,could also curb the epidemic.Sociology
M.A. (Sociology)
26
Monnakgotla, Nakedi Margaret. "Evaluation of the implementation of an HIV/AIDS workplace policy for farm workers : a case study of Country Mushrooms". Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6776.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Farm workers in South Africa have limited access to health care and health-related information. In this qualitative study, the implementation of a workplace HIV/AIDS policy was evaluated using data gathered through interviews and observation. It was found that, although the farm workers were knowledgeable about HIV and AIDS, this knowledge was insufficient. It was found that the lives of farm workers are deeply affected by HIV and AIDS. It is also suggested that the agricultural sector is not yet able to deal effectively with HIV and AIDS and that, in this regard, urgent planning is needed in respect of HIV and AIDS policies and interventionsSocial Work
M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)
27
Clemence, Ngo Ibom Salome. "Peer educators’ perception of the ‘100% Young’ peer education training programme". Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20717.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Text in EnglishPreventing teenagers’ pregnancies and improving teenagers’ reproductive health are important as pregnancies in teenagers still represent an important health challenge in Cameroon. The purpose of this dissertation of a limited scope was to describe the perception of peer educators who underwent the ‘100% young’ peer education training and the effect it had on their own sexual behaviour. A qualitative descriptive, explorative and contextual research design was conducted. Data collection was done using in-depth interviews. Fifteen peer educators were purposively selected. Two questions were asked namely; please describe how you perceived the peer education training that you underwent and, describe how this training affected your own sexual behaviour. Findings revealed that participants had a positive education experience, positive personal growth and for many, that was enough to become mentors for their peers and build awareness. Recommendations propose that interventions such as the ‘100% young’ are urgently required to prevent teenage pregnancy.
Health Studies
M.P.H.
28
Banana, Catrine. "An investigation into the risk behaviour regarding HIV transmission among youth in Bulawayo". Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2342.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The study sought to explore and describe the risk behaviour regarding HIV transmission among youth in Bulawayo, their knowledge of HIV transmission and the sources of information on HIV transmission accessible to them. A quantitative, descriptive exploratory design was used and 238 youth from three secondary schools in Bulawayo, the second largest city in Zimbabwe were the respondents. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to facilitate and acquire insight into the risk behaviour among the youth.
The inferences drawn from the study were that youth have inadequate knowledge about HIV transmission and therefore do not fully understand their risk of infection. Youth also find shyness and fear of rejection serious barriers to communicating openly about sexuality, sexual and HIV/AIDS issues. The findings of the study have implications for programmes to limit HIV transmission among youth and should assist policymakers and educators in developing and implementing such programmes in order to improve the health of youth in Zimbabwe.Health Studies
M.A. (Health Studies)
29
Nyembezi, Nceba. "Grade 12 learners' perceptions of their vulnerability to HIV-infections : a study in the Eastern Cape". Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18578.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The purpose of the study was to investigate Grade 12 learners’ perceptions of their vulnerability to HIV infections in order to gain insight of their experiences on HIV and AIDS at schools in the Eastern Cape.
This was done by using a mixed method approach where focus-group discussions and questionnaires were used to gather data.
This study found that the teaching of HIV and AIDS or Life Skills is not adequate. It is possible that the lack of learner involvement in the design and implementation of the programmes could be one of the reasons why there is low participation by learners in intervention programmes in schools, as noted in this study.
There is need for strong advocacy on the use of condoms as a preventive measure against unwanted pregnancies, and sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) including HIV. More involvement in extra-curricular activities would help learners to develop self-esteem and the ability to resist drugs and other risky sexual behaviours.Social Work
M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV & AIDS)