Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Sexual orientation – political aspects”
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Bailey, J. Michael, Steven Gaulin, Yvonne Agyei i Brian A. Gladue. "Effects of gender and sexual orientation on evolutionarily relevant aspects of human mating psychology." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66, nr 6 (1994): 1081–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.66.6.1081.
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Moe, Jeff, Dilani M. Perera i Danielle Rodgers. "Promoting Wellness at the Intersections of Gender, Race and Ethnicity, and Sexual–Affectional Orientation Identities". Journal of Mental Health Counseling 45, nr 3 (1.07.2023): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.45.3.04.
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Gender identity intersects with racial and ethnic identities, sexual–affectional identities, and other salient aspects of personal identity to create distinct experiences of health and well-being. Gender identity minorities experience minority stress across the life span that results in persistent health and wellness disparities exacerbated by hostile social and political environments. Strategies for achieving wellness are impacted by intersecting minority stress factors, often resulting in diminished likelihood of multiple-minority populations receiving wellness-based health promotion and intervention. This article presents an overview of wellness informed by intersectional gender, racial and ethnic, and sexual–affectional identity considerations based on critical synthesis of the literature. A case scenario is presented to demonstrate how to conduct wellness-oriented assessment and treatment through an intersectional gender identity lens.
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Billingsley, Joseph, Debra Lieberman i Joshua M. Tybur. "Sexual Disgust Trumps Pathogen Disgust in Predicting Voter Behavior During the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election". Evolutionary Psychology 16, nr 2 (1.04.2018): 147470491876417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474704918764170.
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Why is disgust sensitivity associated with socially conservative political views? Is it because socially conservative ideologies mitigate the risks of infectious disease, whether by promoting out-group avoidance or by reinforcing norms that sustain antipathogenic practices? Or might it be because socially conservative ideologies promote moral standards that advance a long-term, as opposed to a short-term, sexual strategy? Recent attempts to test these two explanations have yielded differing results and conflicting interpretations. Here, we contribute to the literature by examining the relationship between disgust sensitivity and political orientation, political party affiliation, and an often overlooked outcome—actual voter behavior. We focus on voter behavior and affiliation for the 2016 U.S. presidential election to determine whether pathogen or sexual disgust better predicts socially conservative ideology. Although many prominent aspects of Donald Trump’s campaign—particularly his anti-foreign message—align with the pathogen-avoidance model of conservatism, we found that pathogen-related disgust sensitivity exerted no influence on political ideology, political party affiliation, or voter behavior, after controlling for sexual disgust sensitivity. In contrast, sexual disgust sensitivity was associated with increased odds of voting for Donald Trump versus each other major presidential candidate, as well as with increased odds of affiliating with the Republican versus the Democratic or Libertarian parties. In fact, for every unit increase in sexual disgust sensitivity, the odds of a participant voting for Trump versus Clinton increased by approximately 30%. It seems, then, that sexual disgust trumps pathogen disgust in predicting socially conservative voting behavior.
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G. Gates, Trevor, i Pamela A. Viggiani. "Understanding lesbian, gay, and bisexual worker stigmatization: a review of the literature". International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 34, nr 5/6 (3.06.2014): 359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-07-2013-0077.
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Purpose – Stigmatization of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people at work is an enduring social problem, yet little is known about how those experiences differ. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the above issue. Design/methodology/approach – Using a framework of modified labeling, this conceptual paper addresses that gap by reviewing the literature on differences in LGB worker stigmatization by type of sexual orientation identity, outness, sex and gender identity, and education and social class. Findings – Findings in the literature were that LGB workers are labeled as outsiders, and treated differently in many workplaces. However, there are other distinctions, based upon type of sexual orientation identity (i.e. whether someone is lesbian, gay, or bisexual), sex and gender identity, outness at work, and education and social classes. Originality/value – Moreover, the paper proposes additional aspects of LGB worker stigmatization needing further empirical study.
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Brandon-Friedman, Richard A. "Youth Sexual Development: A Primer for Social Workers". Social Work 64, nr 4 (25.09.2019): 356–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/swz027.
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Abstract Sexuality and sexual expression are core aspects of most clients’ lives, yet most schools of social work fail to cover sexual development, leaving social workers uninformed about this essential area of human development. This is particularly the case when the sexual development of youths is concerned, as youth sexuality is often considered too controversial to explore. Considering a positive approach to youth sexuality that seeks to enhance youths’ sexual development and promote their achievement of full sexual and reproductive rights, this article seeks to provide social workers with a resource they can use to enhance their understanding of youth sexual development and its applicability to social work practice. The two main theoretical orientations used to understand sexual identity development are covered as well as the research support for each. Following the explanation of theory is a discussion of how the two theoretical orientations can be integrated to form a more expansive base for the understanding of sexual identity development. A final section provides guidance on how an advanced understanding of youthful sexual identity development can enhance social work practice at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels.
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McKelvey, Robert S., John A. Webb, Loretta V. Baldassar, Suzanne M. Robinson i Geoff Riley. "Sex Knowledge and Sexual Attitudes Among Medical and Nursing Students". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33, nr 2 (kwiecień 1999): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.1999.00549.x.
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between background and sociodemographic variables, attitudes toward controversial aspects of human sexuality and sex knowledge among medical and nursing students. Method: The study design was a questionnaire-based survey of medical and nursing students in Western Australia. Participants were first-through fifth-year medical students at the University of Western Australia and first-through third-year undergraduate nursing students at Edith Cowan University. Outcome measures were students' attitudes toward controversial aspects of human sexuality expressed on a five-point Likert scale and a modified version of the Kinsey Institute/Roper Organization National Sex Knowledge Test. Results: A significant relationship was found between certain background and sociodemographic variables, sexual attitudes and sex knowledge. The background variable most strongly related to both attitudes and knowledge was frequency of attendance at religious services of any religious denomination during the past month, with those attending three or more times more likely to express negative attitudes and have lower sex knowledge scores. Lower sex knowledge was related to negative attitudes toward gay/lesbian/bisexual behaviour, masturbation, premarital sex and contraception. Other important background and sociodemographic variables related to negative attitudes were: never having experienced sexual intercourse; right-wing political orientation; lower family income; gender and ethnicity. Conclusions: Negative attitudes toward controversial aspects of human sexuality and lower sex knowledge scores among medical and nursing students can be predicted on the basis of background and sociodemographic variables. Education aimed at increasing sex knowledge and modifying negative attitudes may increase students' ability to function more effectively as sexual history takers and sex counsellors.
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Marni, Herti, i Syahredi Syaiful Adnani. "Women’s Sexuality and Relationship with Hysterectomy". JOURNAL OBGIN EMAS 4, nr 2 (6.07.2020): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/aoj.4.2.241-250.2020.
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Sexuality is the most complex component, fundamental and main aspects of human behavior and life. Expressions of sexuality and intimacy are important throughout human life.Sexuality itself includes sex, gender identity and role, sexual orientation, eroticism, satisfaction, intimacy and reproduction. Sexuality is experienced and expressed through thoughts, fantasies, beliefs, attitudes, values, behavior, roles and relationships. Although sexuality includes the above dimensions, not everything can be experienced and expressed by everyone. This is influenced by biological, psychological, social, interactions economic, political, cultural, ethical, legal, religious and spiritual. Hysterectomy is a surgical removal of the uterus, which can be done by vaginal, abdominal, laparoscopic and robotic routes. The definition of "total hysterectomy" is a surgical procedure to remove the entire uterus with its cervix. In total hysterectomy is also accompanied by suturing in the cervix which will leave scar tissue. the uterine ligament is released, the uterosacral ligament cardinal that was previously attached to the cervix is sewn to the side of the vagina to hold the vagina in place. Three main changes after hysterectomy are anatomical changes, hormonal changes, and psycological changes. Hysterectomy effects women’s sexuality on various ways including sexual desire, sexual arousal, dan orgasmKeywords: sexuality, hysterectomy
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Marni, Herti, i Syahredi Syaiful Adnani. "Women’s Sexuality and Relationship with Hysterectomy". JOURNAL OBGIN EMAS 4, nr 2 (6.07.2020): 270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/aoj.4.2.270-279.2020.
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Sexuality is the most complex component, fundamental and main aspects of human behavior and life. Expressions of sexuality and intimacy are important throughout human life.Sexuality itself includes sex, gender identity and role, sexual orientation, eroticism, satisfaction, intimacy and reproduction. Sexuality is experienced and expressed through thoughts, fantasies, beliefs, attitudes, values, behavior, roles and relationships. Although sexuality includes the above dimensions, not everything can be experienced and expressed by everyone. This is influenced by biological, psychological, social, interactions economic, political, cultural, ethical, legal, religious and spiritual. Hysterectomy is a surgical removal of the uterus, which can be done by vaginal, abdominal, laparoscopic and robotic routes. The definition of "total hysterectomy" is a surgical procedure to remove the entire uterus with its cervix. In total hysterectomy is also accompanied by suturing in the cervix which will leave scar tissue. the uterine ligament is released, the uterosacral ligament cardinal that was previously attached to the cervix is sewn to the side of the vagina to hold the vagina in place. Three main changes after hysterectomy are anatomical changes, hormonal changes, and psycological changes. Hysterectomy effects women’s sexuality on various ways including sexual desire, sexual arousal, dan orgasmKeywords: sexuality, hysterectomy
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Taylor, Yvette. "Mediating ‘Aspirant’ Religious-Sexual Futures: In God's Hands?" Sociological Research Online 22, nr 1 (luty 2017): 174–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.4153.
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This paper explores the construction of vocational and familial futures, in times of ‘aspiring’, ‘post-welfare,’ or ‘crisis’ youth transitions, as mediated by sexual-religious identification. By considering the intersectional relations of both sexuality and religion in constructing young people's aspirations, the paper highlights pragmatic and caring orientations, including a ‘calling’ to religion as a site of present-future vocational and familial investment. I challenge the separation of religion and sexuality in youth transitions, and in notions of the ‘times we're in’ as compelling certain kinds of future-orientated aspirant (and secular) selves. Overall, the article hopes to contribute to theorising the intersection sexuality and religion in further understanding the subversive – and conservative – potential of religious-sexual values and futures. Such orientations interface with aspects of ‘getting by’ and ‘getting on’ and at once re-inscribe and stretch normative vocational and familial choices.
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Nusupova, Saikal, i Cholponbai Nusupov. "PHILOSOPHY OF GENDER: ECONOMIC BACKGROUND GENDER RELATIONS". Alatoo Academic Studies 22, nr 2 (30.06.2022): 336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2022.222.43.
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This paper examines the problems of gender relations, viewed through the prism of economic factors that determine the social status and role of women in various areas of labor organization. Moreover, a philosophical and economic analysis of the correlation of gender and gender differences in society is given, the position on the fallacy found in the scientific literature, the definition of professions classified as “female”, is substantiated while replacing gender aspects with proper sexual ones, associated with the moral characteristics of the female sex. The objective dependence of gender principles on economic causes and political processes, determined by such factors as what form of ownership and what socio- political system exists in a particular historical society, is revealed. Thus, in particular, it highlights how the institution of private property has a direct impact on the content and direction of gender relations, viewed through the prism of social activity and the orientation of their subjects.
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Misawa, Mitsunori. "Political Aspects of the Intersection of Sexual Orientation and Race in Higher Education in the United States: A Queer Scholar of Color's Perspective". Journal of Curriculum and Pedagogy 4, nr 2 (grudzień 2007): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15505170.2007.10411649.
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Merino-Sancho, Victor. "Cartography of Critical Legal Theories: Notes for a Reflection on the Relation between Law and Power". Age of Human Rights Journal, nr 16 (14.06.2021): 242–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17561/tahrj.v16.6040.
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This paper proposes an identification of the main arguments suggested by certain critical theories concerning the relationship between law and power. In order to (re)think the function of law as an instrument not only of power, but as an element of social transformation, we promote here a reflection on aspects raised by these theories; among others, the same notion of power, oppression, intersectionality or decoloniality. These categories are relevant to examine how law regulates the experiences of discrimination of specific social groups, highlighting the intimate relationship between the social contexts, the premises and the legal answers. To do so, we examine in particular how asylum law responds to claims grounded on sexual orientation and gender identity. Finally, this reasoning suggests a conception of law oriented to action and the social change.
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Isufaj, Mentor. "UN Standards of Conduct for Business on Tackling Discrimination against LGBTI+ People". Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development 10, nr 1 S1 (20.05.2023): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv10n1s125.
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This work will particularly focus on the discrimination against LGBTI+ community with respect to the right to equal employment opportunities, including employment application stage, recruitment process and work environment once a person is already employed. There are different practical and theoretical approaches and theories featuring in the academic and political discussions on the matter. Both academia and praxis provides us with evidence to conclude that the issue of discrimination at work for the LGBTI+ community continues to exist, even though there may be legal and institutional provisions in place that protect them. The aim of the study is to critically analyze the current situation in light of the recommendations that the United Nations’ Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) published in 2017 in its report titled “Standards of Conduct for Business on Tackling Discrimination against LGBTI people”. Among others, this paper seeks to identify the relevant legal aspects of the United Nations Standards of Conduct for Business, in particular identifying their innovative and original feature as well as engaging with the criticism that was directed at it. To achieve the aforementioned goals, we will provide conceptual background information with regard to sexual orientation and gender identity as well as employment discrimination based on sexual orientation and its various forms. Secondly, we will focus on the consequences associated with this form of discrimination that have been identified so far. Lastly, we will assess the specific United Nations tool, which constitutes a core theme of this work, aimed at addressing discrimination at workplace of LGBTI+ people. Although sexual orientation and gender identity should in principle have nothing to do with an employee’ performance in the workplace, researchers has documented that almost half (46%) of LGBT employees in the United States feel secluded in the workplace. A key aspect for minimizing the phenomenon of discrimination in work based on sexual orientation and gender identity is a continuing awareness-raising effort with the help of the media, aiming to form all individuals in a belief that no one has the right to judge an employee’s job performance based on his or her sexual preferences. Also, the demonstration of positive practices by the employer and the promotion of a positive environment within the staff are key to avoiding conflicts at work. In addition, an ever-increasing and close cooperation between the institutions that protect the rights of the LGBTI+ community, such as non-profit organizations that focus on protecting LGBTI+ people, and LGBTI+ people themselves could change the situation at work.
Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 16 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
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Schwartzman, Emily, Ravin Alaei i Nicholas O. Rule. "Accuracy and Consistency in Social Categorization Across Context, Motivation, and Time". Social Cognition 41, nr 2 (kwiecień 2023): 103–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.2023.41.2.103.
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Photos provide a literal snapshot of a person in a particular context at a specific moment in time. Previous studies have found that people can accurately categorize others from single photos of their faces along various social dimensions, yet this research typically assumes that one photo of an individual representatively samples other photos of the same individual. Across four studies, we investigated this assumption by testing the consistency of perceptions of social categories (viz. sexual orientation and political affiliation) based on multiple photos of the same individuals. We found that judgments of social categories exceeded chance and significantly correlated across different photo contexts, across variability in targets’ motivations, and across time. These data supplement earlier work showing similar consistency for other types of social judgments. Thus, single face photos can consistently convey some aspects of an individual's appearance.
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Bagatini, José Augusto, i José Augusto Chaves Guimarães. "Algorithmic Discriminations and Their Ethical Impacts on Knowledge Organization: A Thematic Domain-Analysis". KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION 50, nr 5 (2023): 336–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2023-5-336.
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Personal data play a fundamental role in contemporary socioeconomic dynamics, with one of its primary aspects being the potential to facilitate discriminatory situations. This situation impacts the knowledge organization field especially because it considers personal data as elements (facets) to categorize persons under an economic and sometimes discriminatory perspective. The research corpus was collected at Scopus and Web of Science until the end of 2021, under the terms “data discrimination”, “algorithmic bias”, “algorithmic discrimination” and “fair algorithms”. The obtained results allowed to infer that the analyzed knowledge domain predominantly incorporates personal data, whether in its behavioral dimension or in the scope of the so-called sensitive data. These data are susceptible to the action of algorithms of different orders, such as relevance, filtering, predictive, social ranking, content recommendation and random classification. Such algorithms can have discriminatory biases in their programming related to gender, sexual orientation, race, nationality, religion, age, social class, socioeconomic profile, physical appearance, and political positioning.
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Dei, Fabio. "Cancel culture: strategie della memoria e politiche identitarie". Cambio. Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali 13, nr 25 (31.10.2023): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/cambio-14800.
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The following contribution analyzes the controversies surrounding the so-called cancel culture, which arose within the “culture wars” in the United States. These wars pit ultraconservative and anti-liberal movements, which support religious fundamentalism, xenophobia, and extreme nationalism, against movements that fight for social justice and minority rights. Cancel culture is part of this struggle and involves the practice of canceling, revising, or inventing aspects of the past to support dominant views in the present. This struggle is based on identity politics, interpreting social justice based on belonging to specific social groups, such as race, gender, and sexual orientation, often ignoring social class. The “third wave” of social justice movements develops in a context where equal rights are widely recognized, and anti-racism and inequality ideologies are hegemonic. This has transformed the nature and strategies of the movements, which now focus on symbolic and communicative actions, fueling political correctness in a more invasive way. The most well-known cases of cancel culture also fuel conservative propaganda and provide them with the opportunity to present themselves as defenders of free speech. From the perspective of social sciences and anthropology, the phenomenon of cancel culture raises two aspects of interest: the first concerns the influence of activism on social theory and research methodology, which can lead to ideological caricatures; the second concerns the creation of an atmosphere of suspicion, accusations, and confessions in public spheres, which connects to the Puritan roots of Anglo-American culture.
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Mrsevic, Zorica. "Different families, same love: Challenges of the 2008". Temida 12, nr 1 (2009): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0901047m.
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The year 2008 by all means will be remembered by several events, which contributed to significant progress in the domain of legal recognition of various aspects of same sex communities. There were also several initiatives contributing to making the political will necessary for legal changes. The most visible one probably was the May recognition of same sex marriage by the Supreme Court of California, which was valid only 5 months before it was cancelled by the referendum held in November 2008. Since this American state has 38 million inhabitants, more than the whole Balkan region, the event was visible by the whole world. The paper provides further analysis of mostly European events, e.g. decisions of European courts in Strasbourg and Luxembourg, political interventions by the EU Parliament Intercrop, releases of the ILGA-Europe, gay pride marches, other public activities, e.g. exhibition in the EU Parliament regarding the International Day of Human Rights, adoption of various documents relevant for the EU member states and permanent changes in internal legal provisions of the member states. The UN Declaration against discrimination on the ground of sexual orientation and gender identity concluded the year. The paper also comprises analysis of a few typical cases of implementation of family relations among same sex partners.
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Salvador Casara, Bruno Gabriel, Alice Lucarini, Eric D. Knowles i Caterina Suitner. "Unveiling gender inequality in the US: Testing validity of a state-level measure of gender inequality and its relationship with feminist online collective action on Twitter". PLOS ONE 19, nr 7 (17.07.2024): e0306121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306121.
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The Gender Inequality Index is a country-level measure of gender inequality based on women’s levels of reproductive health, social and political empowerment, and labor-market representation. In two studies, we tested the validity of the GII-S, a state-level measure of gender inequality in the USA. In Study 1, the GII-S was associated with objective and subjective measures of wellness among women, including life satisfaction, financial well-being, and perceptions of safety. GII-S was not associated with the Gini coefficient, a well-established measure of economic inequality, suggesting that gender and economic disparities represent distinct aspects of social inequality. Study 2 tested the link between GII-S scores and collective action—specifically, participation in the #MeToo movement promoting awareness of sexual harassment and violence against women. Analysis of geo-localized messages on the Twitter social media platform reveals that higher GII-S scores were associated with fewer tweets containing the #MeToo hashtag. Moreover, GII-S was associated with state-level political orientation: the more conservative a state, the higher its level of gender inequality. Results are discussed in terms of possible socio-cognitive processes underpinning the association between gender inequality and sensitivity to violence against women.
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Saleem, Ali Usman, Sadaf Rasheed i Asim Aqeel. "Intersectionality, Matrix of Domination and Female Agency in Hosain's Sunlight on a Broken Column". Global Social Sciences Review IV, nr I (30.03.2019): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(iv-i).52.
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This paper investigates how Hosain's Sunlight on a Broken Column presents the oppression of women in the socio-political and cultural contexts of the Indo-Pak society. Patricia Collins's views of intersectionality and matrix of domination and Wrede's concept of agency serve as a theoretical framework for this research. Intersectionality works through a matrix of domination that includes four domains of power: structural, disciplinary, hegemonic and interpersonal, which further serves to organize, regulate, maintain and internalize oppression. The study is significant as it intends to unravel the fact that in Sunlight on a Broken Column, gender is not the only factor causing subjugation. Oppression keeps on multiplying with the inclusion of several aspects of individual identity in general and female identity in particular, including age, color, creed, religion, race and sexual orientation. The research establishes that despite intersecting forces of suppression, there still is room for the female agency as the character of Laila foregrounds the fact that the existing situation can be challenged and reverted by few individuals found inside the suppressed groups.
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Daskalopoulou, Athanasia, i Maria Carolina Zanette. "Women’s Consumption of Pornography: Pleasure, Contestation, and Empowerment". Sociology 54, nr 5 (18.05.2020): 969–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038520918847.
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This article draws on 27 interviews with women (with exclusive and non-exclusive sexual orientations) to understand the role of pornography in the construction of female sexuality. Building upon research that moves beyond the ‘negative effects paradigm’ in the study of pornography, we show that consuming pornography is both disciplining and empowering for women. Our informants recognise that pornography reproduces and promotes patriarchal discourses of sexuality, but they manage to use it to reach a state of pleasure (exercise of fantasy, sexual gratification) and perfection (optimal way of performing sex). We also show pornography’s role in cultivating a renewed understanding of female sexuality. In this process, aspects of the genre are questioned, negotiated and reconciled in order to continue using pornography to satisfy desire. We contribute to ongoing debates about the role of pornography in society by documenting the experiences of women whose voices have been hitherto underrepresented in the literature.
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Mohamed Ghouse, Mike. "Shaping Pluralistic Cohesive Societies". Academicus International Scientific Journal 26 (lipiec 2022): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7336/academicus.2022.26.10.
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This paper aims to prepare an individual to function effectively in a constantly changing multi-faith, multi-cultural, multi-racial, multi-ethnic, and multi-everything society with minimum conflicts. Pluralism is a new subject with a focus on its effect on different aspects of life in building cohesive societies where no one has to live in apprehension or fear of the other. Pluralism means respecting the otherness of others in religion, culture, politics, and the workplace. You may see people of different faiths, races, cultures, and ethnicities interacting, working, studying, intermingling, playing, and marrying each other. A decade from now, you may not see the monopoly of a race or cultural groups in the workplace, place of worship, school, bus, train, theater, library, or other public gatherings. These interactions between people not familiar with each other’s culture lend themselves to misunderstandings and are bound to create conflicts. As responsible members of society, we must prepare ourselves to prevent possible challenges and lay a foundation for the effective functioning of institutions where every human feels secure about his faith, race, ethnicity, culture, language, political or sexual orientation, or any other uniqueness. Exclusive communities will become a thing of the past. If you live amidst others, you should also respect the otherness of others, as you expect them to do the same for you.
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Shcherbanyuk, Oksana, i Laura Bzova. "Rule of Law and Human Rights: Analysis of International Standards and Case Law". Perspectives of Law and Public Administration 13, nr 1 (25.03.2024): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.62768/plpa/2024/13/1/03.
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The EU's human rights policies and actions have two main components: protecting the fundamental rights of EU citizens and promoting human rights around the world. One of the aspects that the UN focuses on is the relationship between democracy and human rights, as the organisation upholds the importance of equal political participation of citizens of its states and full respect for human rights, including the recognition, protection and promotion. As defined by the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), human rights are norms that recognise and protect the dignity of all people, meaning they apply to everyone, without distinction of race, gender, education, political opinion, sexual orientation or any other type of moral judgement. The realisation of human rights also obliges states to be responsible for protecting these norms and prohibits certain acts that violate them. Human rights can be said to be one of the greatest achievements of mankind. One of the most important human rights documents is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, signed in 1948 at the UN General Assembly. Consisting of 30 articles, the Declaration formalises all the theoretical developments made earlier on civil, political, social, economic and cultural rights. Another innovation of the Declaration was the inclusion of human rights in the universal character, becoming the rights of all peoples. Thus, for the UN, human rights "are universal legal guarantees that protect individuals and groups from acts and omissions by governments that violate human dignity"3. Human rights are fundamental and therefore inalienable human rights, i.e. those rights whose violation would lead to an attack on the very essence of humanity. For this reason, it is important that everyone is aware of and knows about human rights, their content and the forms of protection provided for them, as everyone should be able to enjoy their fundamental rights for the sole purpose of living in peace, without distinction. Human rights, democracy and the rule of law create an environment in which countries can promote development, protect people from discrimination and ensure equal access to justice for all.
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Apor, Péter. "The Joy of Everyday Life: Microhistory and the History of Everyday Life in the Socialist Dictatorships". East Central Europe 34-35, nr 1-2 (2008): 185–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-0340350102009.
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In the last two decades, historians have faced difficult methodological challenges in exploring former party archives in East Central Europe and in reconstructing the political history of communist regimes. A remarkable answer to this challenge has been provided by a new generation of historians who turned their attention to the social history of socialist dictatorships in East Central Europe, and took a peculiar interest in the “small,” the “mundane” and the “insignificant” of everyday life under communism. Their laborious research has focused not on high politics, but on local communities. Their works deconstructed the life-styles, living conditions, fashion and dressing, leisure, tourism and consumption, sexual habits and childcare of ordinary people. The current study provides a historiographic overview of the major thematic and methodological orientations of the history of the everyday life in socialist dictatorships. It focuses on two distinct but overlapping directions of research: the analysis of the daily habitual organization of communist societies; and the communist authorities’ attempt at a micro-politics of everyday life. The study argues that, while the new social history of the socialist dictatorships has greatly added to our understanding of significant aspects of the social and political structure of these countries, it has also constructed a representation of everyday life as essentially impertinent to power. In doing so, it ignored the capacity of habitual social and cultural behavior in producing techniques of control and discipline.
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et al., Pham. "Vietnamese undergraduate students’ perspectives on sexual knowledge, attitudes, and risky sexual behavior". International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 9, nr 1 (styczeń 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2022.01.001.
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Human sexual behavior research is a multidisciplinary endeavor that seeks to comprehend one of the most vital and complex aspects of our behavioral science. This study aimed to investigate Vietnamese university students' perception of sexual knowledge as well as the relationship between gender, academic year, and sexual orientation. The questionnaire was sent to 666 Vietnamese undergraduate students in four universities which 418 respondents were considered valid for research purposes. The study results showed that there was a significant difference among the four study groups of different (1) academic year; (2) sexual orientations; (3) gender and academic year level; (4) academic year and sexual orientation; (5) gender, academic year, and sexual orientation level when considered jointly on the variables of the three aspects of the Sex knowledge and Attitude Questionnaire II. However, there was no reciprocal relationship between (6) gender; (7) gender, and sexual orientation level. The findings of this study will have implications for school policies that attempt to promote and maintain a positive school climate in an effort to address the issue of sexuality education, including sexual knowledge.
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Badgett, M. V. Lee. "Employment and Sexual Orientation:". Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services 4, nr 4 (25.08.1996): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j041v04n04_03.
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Halpert, Stephen C., i Joan Pfaller. "Sexual Orientation and Supervision". Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services 13, nr 3 (9.11.2001): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j041v13n03_02.
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Stock, Kathleen. "XIV—Sexual Orientation: What Is It?" Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 119, nr 3 (24.09.2019): 295–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arisoc/aoz015.
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Abstract I defend an account of sexual orientation, understood as a reflexive disposition to be sexually attracted to people of a particular biological Sex or Sexes. An orientation is identified in terms of two aspects: the Sex of the subject who has the disposition, and whether that Sex is the same as, or different to, the Sex to which the subject is disposed to be attracted. I explore this account in some detail and defend it from several challenges. In doing so, I provide a theoretical framework that justifies our continued reference to Sex-directed sexual orientation as an important means of classifying human subjects.
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Niemi, Laura, Matthew Stanley, Marko Kljajic, Zi You i John M. Doris. "Political orientation and moral judgment of sexual misconduct". Journal of Social and Political Psychology 11, nr 2 (14.09.2023): 478–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.9823.
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In a series of studies in the U.S. (total N participants = 4,828) using both news articles (Studies 1-2) and constructed scenarios (Studies 3-4), we investigated how judgments of responsibility, blame, causal contribution, and punishment for alleged perpetrators and victims of sexual misconduct are influenced by (1) the political orientation of media outlets, (2) participants’ political orientation, and (3) the alleged perpetrators’ political orientation. Results indicated that participants’ political orientation, and the interaction between participants’ and alleged perpetrators’ political orientation, predicted moral judgments. Conservative participants were generally more likely inculpate and punish alleged victims in all four studies. Both conservative and liberal participants judged politically-aligned alleged perpetrators more leniently than politically-opposed alleged perpetrators. This political ingroup effect was ubiquitous across all tests of the dependent measures for conservative participants; whereas it was muted and unreliable for liberal participants. The findings collectively demonstrate that moral judgments about sexual misconduct are politicized at multiple psychological levels, and in ways that asymmetrically affect victims.
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Retaminingrum, Amalia Novita. "PERAN PARENT CHILD RELATIONSHIP PADA ORIENTASI SEKSUAL GAY". Taman Cendekia: Jurnal Pendidikan Ke-SD-an 1, nr 1 (11.10.2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30738/tc.v1i1.1578.
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This research is conducted to see the role of parent child relationship in gay. Parent child relationship is an interaction between parent and a child which is included three main aspects namely, parenting, attachment, and social learning. Every individual has sexual orientation or has interested to other, it could be the same sex or to the other opposite sex. The person who is interested to the same sex, called Homosexual. Homosexual could be divided by two, which is lesbian and gay. This research is conducted on gay or individual male who is interested to the same sex. This research uses qualitative approach with in-depth interview to six persons who is 20 up to 40 years old who has gay sexual orientation. The result of this research shown that three aspects in parent child relationship has a role to six gay. On the first aspect, it is found that abusive in parenting has a big influence in sexual orientation, as well as the second aspect, attachment, which has a role to sexual preference in gay. On the third aspect namely social learning has a role in a learning process with environment that has the same sexual orientation; in this case, it is strengthen the individual sexual orientation.
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Puspitasari, Monika, Devi Artami Susetiati i Agnes Sri Siswati. "Perilaku Seksual Lesbian, Gay, Biseksual,Transgender, dan Risikonya terhadap Infeksi Menular Seksual". Cermin Dunia Kedokteran 50, nr 12 (1.12.2023): 685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v50i12.968.
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Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) face many gaps in sexual health aspects, including an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV infection), sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and pregnancy. LGBT often experience social stigmatization, isolation, and rejection, even from their respective parents. Risk of STIs is related to sexual orientation, sexual anatomy, and sexual behaviour. LGBTs sexual activity may vary and with multiple partners, who are vulnerable to transmission of STIs and HIV infection. Health care providers are responsible for an open discussion regarding sexual health issues; including sexual orientation, sexual behavior, and gender identity.
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Santos, Ana Cristina. "Sexual Orientation in Portugal: Towards Emancipation". South European Society and Politics 9, nr 2 (21.09.2004): 159–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1360874042000253528.
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Daev, Eugene V. "Biological and social aspects of human sexual orientation: chemocommunicative hypothesis". Ecological genetics 14, nr 3 (15.09.2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen1433-12.
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Daev, E. V. "Biological and Social Aspects of Human Sexual Orientation: Chemocommunicative Hypothesis". Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research 8, nr 1 (styczeń 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2079059718010045.
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Logan, Laura S. "Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation, and Sexual Assault: Challenging the Myths". Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 49, nr 5 (28.08.2020): 463–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306120946390x.
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Barrett, Donald C., Lance M. Pollack i Mary L. Tilden. "Teenage Sexual Orientation, Adult Openness, and Status Attainment in Gay Males". Sociological Perspectives 45, nr 2 (czerwiec 2002): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sop.2002.45.2.163.
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Research on the effects of sexual orientation on gay male status attainment has been hampered by the use of opportunistic samples and by the inability to control for family background and sexual orientation characteristics. This research uses data from the Urban Men's Health Study, a multicity probability sample, to examine the status attainment process among men who identify as gay or bisexual (N = 2,290). Logistic regression is used to measure the effects of teen sexual orientation and adult expression of sexual orientation on educational achievement and household income. Early decision that one is gay and early homosexual activity are related to reduced educational achievement. Teen sexual orientation and adult expression of sexual orientation are not directly related to income, though education was. These findings suggest that the costs of discrimination encountered early in life are an important component of the reduced status attainment of gay males.
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Dong, Ziyi. "The Relation between Sexual Orientation and Employment". Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 27 (5.03.2024): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/xkye6k07.
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This paper explores how sexual orientation affects employment. Some studies have shown that gay men are more likely to be hired than lesbian but some said transgenders are more likely to be discriminated in workplaces. However, in this study we want to find whether discrimination in workplace is more likely to happen in gay, lesbian, transgender or other LGBT people. To find the relation between sexual orientation and employment, we compared discrimination happened in different LGBTQ group and different discriminations happen in them. We also want to find solution to solve these problems but various factors affect the results. Conceal sexual orientation or not is one feature that impacts the results, normally people who choose to conceal their sexual orientation can better adapt the environment in workplace and they have higher probability to be promoted than those who do not conceal their sexual orientation. At the end of the article, we list some solutions from different aspects (from government, individuals, company and so on).
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Mackelprang, Romel, JoAnn Ray i Maria Hernandez-Peck. "Social Work Education and Sexual Orientation:". Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services 5, nr 4 (9.12.1996): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j041v05n04_02.
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Sloan, Lacey M., Linda King i Sandra Sheppard. "Hate Crimes Motivated by Sexual Orientation". Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services 8, nr 3 (2.09.1998): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j041v08n03_03.
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Norrie, Kenneth Mck. "Constitutional Challenges to Sexual Orientation Discrimination". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 49, nr 4 (październik 2000): 755–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300064642.
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1999 may well go down in history as a watershed in the legal struggle for gay and lesbian equality. While in the late 1990s many legislatures across the world extended various statutory benefits to same-sex relationships,1 most legal systems continue to make a clear statutory distinction between same-sex and opposite-sex couples (usually by ignoring the former completely), as well as the more obvious (and deliberate) distinction between married and unmarried couples. Both distinctions have come under increasing challenge and in 1999 decisions from each of the highest courts in Canada, South Africa and Vermont, U.S.A. held legislation to be unconstitutional which treated same-sex couples differently from opposite-sex couples. In that year too, the British House of Lords held that a same-sex couple could be a “family” for certain statutory purposes,2 and the European Court of Human Rights for the first time accepted that the prohibition of discrimination contained in Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights covered sexual orientation discrimination.3
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Johnson, Lee Michael, Todd L. Matthews i Sarah L. Napper. "Sexual orientation and sexual assault victimization among US college students". Social Science Journal 53, nr 2 (1.06.2016): 174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2016.02.007.
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Díaz-León, E. "Sexual Orientation as Interpretation? Sexual Desires, Concepts, and Choice". Journal of Social Ontology 3, nr 2 (4.07.2017): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jso-2016-0028.
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AbstractAre sexual orientations freely chosen? The idea that someone’s sexual orientation is not a choice is very influential in the mainstream LGBT political movement. But do we have good reasons to believe it is not a choice? Going against the orthodoxy, William Wilkerson has recently argued that sexual orientation is partly constituted by our interpretations of our own sexual desires, and we choose these interpretations, so sexual orientation is partly constituted by choice. In this paper I aim to examine the question of whether our interpretations of our own sexual desires are constitutive of our sexual orientations. I will argue that whereas Wilkerson’s argument for the claim that sexual orientations are in part constituted by our chosen interpretations of our sexual desires is not sound, there are good reasons for endorsing a weaker claim, namely, that there are different but equally apt descriptions of the same sexual desires, depending on which concepts we have.
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Mize, Trenton D., i Bianca Manago. "Precarious Sexuality: How Men and Women Are Differentially Categorized for Similar Sexual Behavior". American Sociological Review 83, nr 2 (15.03.2018): 305–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122418759544.
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Are men and women categorized differently for similar sexual behavior? Building on theories of gender, sexuality, and status, we introduce the concept of precarious sexuality to suggest that men’s—but not women’s—heterosexuality is an especially privileged identity that is easily lost. We test our hypotheses in a series of survey experiments describing a person who has a sexual experience conflicting with their sexual history. We find that a single same-sex sexual encounter leads an observer to question a heterosexual man’s sexual orientation to a greater extent than that of a heterosexual woman in a similar situation. We also find that a different-sex sexual encounter is more likely to change others’ perceptions of a lesbian woman’s sexual orientation—compared to perceptions of a gay man’s sexual orientation. In two conceptual replications, we vary the level of intimacy of the sexual encounter and find consistent evidence for our idea of precarious sexuality for heterosexual men. We close with a general discussion of how status beliefs influence categorization processes and with suggestions for extending our theoretical propositions to other categories beyond those of sexual orientation.
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Braz de Oliveira, Layze, Artur Acelino Francisco Luz Nunes Queiroz, Christefany Régia Braz Costa, Rosilane De Lima Brito Magalhães, Telma Maria Evangelista de Araújo i Renata Karina Reis. "Sexual partnerships of people living with HIV / Aids: sexual orientation, sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral aspects". Enfermería Global 18, nr 2 (17.02.2019): 25–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.18.2.322081.
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Objetivo: Analizar la influencia de la orientación sexual de las variables socio-demográficas, clínicas y de comportamiento entre las parejas sexuales de las personas que viven con el Virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana/Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en un servicio de asistencia médica especializada en el tratamiento de personas con el Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana, con 173 participantes. En el análisis de los resultados se utilizó el test Chi-cuadrado de Pearson o exacto de Fisher. Resultados: Se identificó asociación entre la orientación sexual y las variables: sexo, edad, estado civil, grupo de edad, escolaridad, renta, forma de exposición, tipo de asociación, uso consistente del preservativo, presencia de infección, práctica sexual, presencia del compañero en las consultas de rutina, divulgación del VIH al compañero y considerar importante la divulgación de su condición serológica para el compañero. Conclusión: Establecer un emparejamiento sexual en el contexto del VIH y tener una orientación no heterosexual presentó diferencias estadísticas entre las variables sociodemográficas y comportamentales. Objective: To analyze the influence of sexual orientation on sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral variables among sexual partners of people living with Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out in a medical assistance service specialized in the treatment of people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus, with 173 participants. Pearson's Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was used to analyze the results. Results: We identified an association between sexual orientation and variables such as gender, age, marital status, age, education, income, type of exposure, type of birth, consistent condom use, presence of infection, sexual practice, partner in routine consultations, disclosure of HIV to the partner and considers disclosure of their condition to the partner. Conclusion: Establishing a sexual partnership in the context of HIV and having a non-heterosexual orientation presented statistical differences between sociodemographic and behavioral variables. Objetivo: Analisar a influência da orientação sexual sobre as variáveis sociodemograficas, clínicas e comportamentais entre parcerias sexuais de pessoas que vivem com vírus da imunodeficiência humana/Síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em um serviço de assistência médica especializada no tratamento de pessoas com o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana, com 173 participantes. Na análise dos resultados utilizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou exato de Fisher. Resultados: Identificou-se associação entre a orientação sexual e as variáveis: sexo, idade, estado civil, faixa etária, escolaridade, renda, forma de exposição, tipo de parceria, uso consistente do preservativo, presença de infecção, prática sexual, acompanhamento do parceiro nas consultas de rotina, divulgação do HIV para o parceiro e considerar importante a divulgação da sua condição sorológica para o parceiro. Conclusão: Estabelecer uma parceria sexual no contexto do HIV e ter uma orientação não-heterossexual apresentou diferenças estatísticas entre as variáveis sociodemográficas e comportamentais.
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Grollman, Eric Anthony. "Sexual Orientation Differences in Whites’ Racial Attitudes". Sociological Forum 33, nr 1 (18.12.2017): 186–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/socf.12405.
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Calvillo, Cristobal, Juan Carlos Sierra, María del Mar Sánchez-Fuentes i Reina Granados. "Sexual Rewards and Costs in Heterosexual and Gay Hispanic Adults". Healthcare 12, nr 2 (11.01.2024): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020170.
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The Interpersonal Exchange Model of Sexual Satisfaction proposes that sexual satisfaction can be explained by the balance of sexual rewards or costs exchange. The Interpersonal Exchange Model of Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (IEMSSQ) was developed from this model. The IEMSSQ includes the Reward/Costs Checklist (RCC). The RCC assesses different sexual exchanges that are categorized into sexual rewards and/or costs. Analyses and comparisons of sexual rewards and costs in the Hispanic cisgender population based on gender (man or woman) and sexual orientation (heterosexual and homosexual) with this measure have not been conducted. The main goal was to analyze and rank the sexual rewards, costs, and both, indicated by a sample of 1996 Hispanic partnered participants (heterosexual men, gay men, heterosexual women, and lesbians). The predominant sexual exchanges that were reported involved emotional aspects, both as rewards and costs. When participants indicated that the exchange was both a reward and a cost, they were referring to aspects specifically related to the sexual relationship itself. Heterosexual men and women had greater rewards and higher costs, respectively. Gay men obtained a greater number of items reported as rewards and costs. The results provide further insight into sexual satisfaction related to gender and sexual orientation.
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Reece, Helen. "Book Review: Sexual Orientation: A Human Right". International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 2, nr 1-2 (grudzień 1996): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135822919600200215.
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Vigil, Jacob M., Lauren N. Rowell i Charlotte Lutz. "Gender Expression, Sexual Orientation and Pain Sensitivity in Women". Pain Research and Management 19, nr 2 (2014): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/297060.
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BACKGROUND: Despite a growing body of literature investigating sex differences with regard to pain, surprisingly little research has been conducted on the influence of various aspects of self-identity, including gender expression and sexual orientation, on pain sensitivity within each sex, particularly among women. In men, dispositional femininity is linked to greater clinical pain and trait masculinity is associated with higher pain thresholds.OBJECTIVES: To examine whether gender expression and sexual orientation are associated with within-sex differences in ischemic pain sensitivity in healthy young women.METHODS: A convenience sample of 172 females (mean age 21.4 years; range 18 to 30 years of age; 56.0% white, 89% heterosexual) performed an ischemic pain task in counterbalanced order. Desired levels of dispositional femininity for a preferred romantic partner and self-described levels of personal dispositional femininity were measured.RESULTS: Compared with heterosexual women, lesbian and bisexual women reported lower pain intensity ratings early in the discomfort task. Irrespective of sexual orientation, attraction to more feminine romantic partners and dispositional masculinity were correlated with lower pain intensity, and with higher pain thresholds and tolerance levels.DISCUSSION: These preliminary findings suggest that within-sex differences in sexual orientation and other aspects of identity, irrespective of biological sex, may be important to consider when examining experimental pain performance and clinical pain experiences.CONCLUSION: Larger investigations of the psychophysiological relationships among sexual orientation, gender expression and pain sensitivity are warranted. These findings may have implications for differences in clinical pain sensitivity of lesbian and bisexual women compared with heterosexual women.
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Pismenny, Arina. "Pansexuality: A Closer Look at Sexual Orientation". Philosophies 8, nr 4 (14.07.2023): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies8040060.
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‘What is ‘sexual orientation’ for?’ is a question we need to answer when addressing a seemingly more basic one, ‘what is sexual orientation?’. The concept of sexual orientation is grounded in the concepts of sex and/or gender since it refers to the sex or gender of the individuals one is sexually attracted to. Typical categories of sexual orientation, such as ’heterosexual’, ‘homosexual’, and ‘bisexual’, all rely on a sex or gender binary. Yet, it is now common practice to recognize sex and gender categories that transcend the binary. Should our sexual orientation categories be revised to reflect sex and gender diversity? Drawing on the example of pansexuality, I argue that they should. The reason is that one aim of reconstructing the concept of sexual orientation—in addition to the epistemic goal of understanding—should also be political: it should make it easier to argue for the protection of those who have been marginalized or discriminated against because their sexual attraction is other than heterosexual.
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Murphy, Timothy F. "Abortion and the Ethics of Genetic Sexual Orientation Research". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 4, nr 3 (1995): 340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100006083.
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Reports about possible genetic bases of homoerotic sexual orientation in adults have received a kind of schizophrenic social reception. On the one hand, these reports have been welcomed by some gay men and lesbians as biological confirmation of the commonly held view that sexual orientation is an involuntary trait, that sexual orientation is not in any meaningful sense chosen. Simon LeVay has received mail from thankful correspondents who welcomed his 1991 report about the possible neuroanatomical basis for male homoerotic sexual orientation, and some legal analysts see important implications of biological studies for the ways in which civil rights are recognized, especially those that depend on an immutable characteristic like race or gender.
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Veterok, Ekaterina V. "Gender-Role Features of Identity Crisis in Persons with Non-Traditional Sexual Orientation". SMALTA, nr 3 (13.10.2022): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15293/2312-1580.2203.03.
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The article presents a study of gender-role features of crisis identity in persons with non-traditional sexual orientation. A number of definitions of identity are given based on the analysis of foreign and domestic works. It is noted that the identity of a person is determined by individual typological factors that determine the functioning of the subject in the social space. The characteristic of the identity of persons with non-traditional sexual orientation is given. The results of an empirical study of gender-role features of crisis identity in persons with non-traditional sexual orientation are presented, according to which male persons with non-traditional sexual orientation are characterized by higher indicators of crisis identity compared to women. In the course of the study, gender-role differences of crisis identity were revealed in relation to such components as the presence of negative triggers, relationships in professional, family and interpersonal spheres, as well as in emotional and behavioral aspects.