Rozprawy doktorskie: „Sex roles”

1

Chuick, Christopher D. "The connection between extramarital sex and sex roles". Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999/1999chuickc.pdf.

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2

Wang, Chunde. "Roles of sex steroids in reproduction of the sea scallop". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ66680.pdf.

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3

Lanter, Jason Richard. "“Not that there’s anything wrong with that…”: Perceptions of Masculine Men and Feminine Men as a Breadwinner or Caregiver". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1218060049.

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4

Marchese, Sara. "The relationship between gender roles and sexual satisfaction in heterosexual relationships /". Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56926.

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This study explores the interactive effects of stereotypical masculine and feminine personality traits and attitudes upon individual and dyadic sexual satisfaction. It was hypothesized that (a) sexual satisfaction would be positively related to masculinity and femininity, as defined by the presence of instrumental and expressive qualities, for both males and females, (b) sexual satisfaction would be positively related to androgyny for both males and females, and (c) couples consisting of two androgynous partners would be more sexually satisfied than couples where both partners were sex-typed (i.e., masculine male-feminine female), cross-typed (i.e., feminine male-masculine female) or undifferentiated. The sample consisted of heterosexual married and cohabiting couples (N = 93). Subjects completed the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSD; Crowne & Marlowe, 1960, cited in Robinson, Shaver & Wrightman, 1991), the Short Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI; Bem, 1981), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS; Spanier, 1976, 1989) and the Pinney Sexual Satisfaction Inventory (PSSI; Pinney, Gerrard & Denney, 1987). The first hypothesis is rejected for both males and females, the second hypothesis is supported for males and rejected for females, and the third hypothesis is supported for couples. Instrumentality is negatively correlated with sexual satisfaction, particularly for women, while expressivity is positively correlated with sexual satisfaction for both men and women. Androgynous men and feminine women are more sexually satisfied than any other group; in both cases however, it is suggested that increments in expressivity account for increases in sexual satisfaction. Androgynous couples are more sexually satisfied than sex-typed, cross-typed, and undifferentiated couples; however, self-reported sexual satisfaction varies for individual partners. Implications for the existing androgyny model regarding sexual satisfaction are discussed.

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5

Cutler, Scott V. "The Relationship of Depression, Gender, and Sex Roles". DigitalCommons@USU, 1992. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6038.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between gender and depression as a function of sex roles. Four hundred twenty subjects were recruited from two introductory psychology courses at Utah State University. Subjects completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). A difference was found in the rate of depression between females and males that exceeds the generally accepted 2:1 ratio. There was a female to male ratio of approximately 4:1 in the group of subjects who indicated a high level of depression on the Beck Depression Inventory. Multiple Regression Analysis was computed to examine the relationship between the dependent variable (BDI scores) and the independent variables (BSRI Masculinity scale, Femininity scale, and four factors of the BSRI). Factors indicating nurturing, independence, and activity were negatively correlated with depression. The Masculinity scale was positively correlated with depression. These findings contradict the theory that being feminine contributes to the higher incidence of depression among females. The results suggest that people with more active, independent, and nurturing personality traits are less inclined to be depressed.

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6

Emerson, Elizabeth A. "Gender, sex roles and the depressive experience". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1985. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/239.

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7

Cutler, Scott V. "Gender and Depression: Analysis of the Effects of Sex Roles, Sex-Role Self-Discrepancy, and Attributional Style". DigitalCommons@USU, 1995. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6082.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of attributional style, sex roles, and sex-role self-discrepancy in the relationship between gender and depression. Epidemiological studies report a higher incidence of depression among women then men (approximately 2:1). Among the various theories suggested to explain this gender difference, sex roles, attributional style, and self-discrepancy have been conceived as possible explanations. The relationship between gender and depression may be better understood through examining the possible contribution of these three independent variables. To examine these theories, a sample of 130 subjects was drawn from clients at the USU Counseling Center, the USU Community Clinic, the Logan Regional Hospital, and students from an introductory psychology class at USU. Participation was based on voluntary informed consent of the subjects and approval of the above mentioned institutions. Each subject completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Extended Attributional Style Questionnaire (EASQ), and a revised version of the short Bern Sex-Role Inventory (SBSRI) measuring ideal versus actual self. Path analysis was used to examine the sequence of the relationships presumed by the androgyny model, congruence model, and masculinity model. Neither sex role was found to correlate significantly with depression. Overall, the directions of the path coefficients best supported the androgyny model, but these coefficients were too weak to explain the variance. Attributional style was related to depression, but no gender difference was found in the correlation between attributional style and depression. The correlation coefficient between feminine self-discrepancy and depression was positive but statistically insignificant for the females from the clinical sample and very small for females from the student sample. Overall, attributional style, sex-roles, and self-discrepancy in sex-role characteristics were not found to contribute to the higher rate of depression in women.

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8

Simonsen, Gregory. "Masculine Role Conflict in Gay Men: Mediation of Psychological Well-Being and Help-Seeking Behaviors". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278913/.

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Gender role issues have been an integral part of psychology since the 1970s. More recently, theories and research have surfaced concerning the issues of maleness in our society. Most of these theories focus on masculine gender role and how it affects men in various ways, e.g., their psychological well-being, substance use, relational abilities, and help-seeking behaviors. One area of maleness that has consistently been left out of the Masculine Role Conflict (MRC) debate is that of homosexuality. As a gay man develops, he finds himself at odds with society over something that he experiences biologically as normal and appropriate. It is the contention of this paper that MRC is an issue related to psychological distress among gay men and not psychological weakness in gay men, per se.

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9

VanEvery, Joanne. "Anti-sexist living arrangements : a feminist research project". Thesis, University of Essex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386026.

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10

Hamilton, Shana Valere. "Affectional orientation, sex roles, and reasons for living". [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2001. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0705101-110123/unrestricted/hamiltonss0720a.pdf.

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11

Wupperman, Peggilee. "Differences in Depressive Symptoms as a Function of Gender, Roles, and Rumination". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4375/.

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Research indicates that women are more likely to experience depression than are men. The current study examined the effects of gender, socialized gender roles, rumination, and neuroticism on symptoms of depression in young adults. As predicted, rumination mediated the relationship between gender and depression, and socialized gender roles had a greater explanatory power for rumination, neuroticism, and depression than did gender. Contrary to predictions, rumination did not mediate neuroticism's effects on depression. Structural equation modeling reveled that rumination-on-sadness positively predicted neuroticism and depression. However, rumination-in-general, while positively predicting neuroticism, negatively predicted symptoms of depression. Finally, once socialized gender roles, rumination, and neuroticism were controlled, male gender was modestly predictive of depression.

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12

Cobb, Michelle D. (Michelle Denise). "Sex Role Types and Psychological Adjustment: Androgyny, Masculinity, or Self-Esteem". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500839/.

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Since the advent of the Bem Sex Role Inventory (Bem, 1974) two models, the Androgyny and Masculinity model, have been advanced to explain the sex role literature. This study attempts to rectify several methodological issues by experimentally controlling for the effects of self-esteem and using a quartile-split procedure for sex role type assignment. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate interpersonal problem solving ability among sex role types and to compare the predictions of the Androgyny model and the Masculinity model. The results of both experiments implicate the crucial role of self-esteem in sex role research. Self-esteem, rather than sex role type, appears to be more predictive of adequate psychological adjustment.

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13

Woodruff, James Graham. "Sex-Role Stereotyping in Marital Counseling Sex- Role Style and Type of Problem Effects on Clinical Judgments". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332056/.

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The analogue study was designed to extend previous research on clinical sex-role stereotyping of individual clients into the realm of marital counseling. The effects of clinician and couple sex-role style and type of marital problem on clinical judgements of couples was examined through ratings of four audiotaped couples constructed from two scripts depicting either couple financial or sexual problems. Each script produced both a stereotypical and counterstereotypical sex-role styled couple through reversal of spouse verbalizations. A sample of 40 (32 male, 8 female) practicing doctorate-level psychologists rated either two stereotypical or two counterstereotypical couples for level of maladjustment, need for treatment, and prognosis. Individual spouse ratings were also obtained to examine client gender effects.

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14

Byers, Lori A. (Lori Ann). "Androgyny and Managerial Effectiveness in a Total Quality Management Organization". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277980/.

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The majority of studies concerning psychological sex and management style have indicated that people consider the masculine style of managing to be the most popular. However, such studies are out of date and/or were usually measuring the perceptions of surveyed college students. Few studies have focused on successful managers in successful organizations. A modified version of the Bern Sex Role Inventory was distributed to 52 managers in a Total Quality Management organization. This study hypothesized that successful managers would be androgynous managers. The results of the study indicated that successful managers are androgynous managers, and that there is no significant difference in the number of female and male androgynous managers.

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15

Sasaki, Rie. "Roles of sex and insulin on microvascular exchange function". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4733.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. "August 2007" Includes bibliographical references.

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16

Scioli, Rose M. "Gender Roles and the Single-Sex Environment: The Effects of Single-Sex Schooling on Gender Role Attitudes and Life Plan". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/345767.

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Educational Leadership
Ed.D.
The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether or not the single-sex environment has an effect on the gender role perceptions and life paths of young women. Students were selected from two urban high schools, one all-girls and one coeducational. The schools themselves are located a short distance from each other to ensure consistency in regards to socioeconomic status. This study used a mixed methods analysis. Female students in their senior year of high school were surveyed using a gender role perception inventory (Prasad & Baron, 2009). Ten students from the original sample, five from each site, were then selected for in-depth, face-to-face interviews. Results indicate that there is little difference in gender role perception and life path between the two samples. The only exception is in the area of gender role reversal, which favors the single-sex school. As such, students from the single-sex school are more likely to indicate comfort with the inversion of conventional gender roles. In terms of life path, no significant difference between the two groups was found in terms of traditional, non-traditional, and gender-neutral career plans. Interviews with students from both sites reveal two major differences thematically. Students in the single-sex school reported that the decision to attend an all-girls school was mostly made by their parents, while students in the coeducational school reported making the decision themselves. The second difference between the two environments is that students in the single-sex school reported that they and their peers in the school feel quite comfortable acting “themselves” because of the lack of males in the environment. The students in the coeducational school corroborated that sentiment by expressing the tendency of their female peers to act differently in the presence of male peers. The results of this study do not conclusively prove that the single-sex environment is beneficial for the formation of non-traditional gender role perception and life path, with the exception of the reversal finding. The interviews, however, may indicate that the students in the single-sex environment have an advantage in terms of comfort because of the absence of their opposite sex peers. Indisputably, this study confirms that more research is needed in the area of single-sex education for females.
Temple University--Theses

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17

Webb, Gary Ray. "An Examination of Gender Role Differentiation in Crowd and Collective Behavior". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278003/.

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This study examines the relationship between social stress and gender role differentiation. Crowd and collective behavior literature suggests two competing hypotheses. Social contagion theories suggest that gender roles become dedifferentiated in crowds. Social structural theories suggest that gender roles in crowds parallel institutional gender roles. The case study format is used to assess the relationship. Six crowd events, representing varying levels of social stress, were observed. Data were gathered via systematic observations, interviews and document analysis. The findings indicate that gender roles in crowds parallel institutional gender roles. Culturally prescribed gender expectations endure across social stress settings.

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18

Longhenry, Vern. "Differences in representation of male and female roles in television advertising". Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002longhenryv.pdf.

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19

Sharpe, Paul Walter. "Stereotypical sex-roles: A barrier to success in addiction treatment?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/917.

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20

Strachan, Catherine Elizabeth. "The roles of power and gender as determinants of affective responses to intimate conflict". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26928.

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There is a paucity of research studying variables which influence emotional reactions in response to conflict between intimates. The present study examined the roles of power and gender as determinants of affective response to audiotaped scenarios of intimate conflict. Sixty male and 60 female subjects were randomly assigned as either a group leader (high power condition) or group member (low power condition) for the performance of a group task. After receiving their group assignments, subjects completed an affect check list and then listened to an audiotape of a heated conflict between a man and a woman concerning sexual jealousy. Two tapes were presented to control for gender of initiator (i.e., who started the conflict) so that subjects heard either a male-initiated or a female-initiated conflict. After exposure to the conflict stimulus, subjects again completed an affect check list. It was hypothesized that subjects in the high power condition would report more anger than those in the low power condition. In addition, participants in the low power condition would report more anxiety than participants in the high power condition. Also, men were predicted to report more anger than women and women more anxiety than men. The highest anger ratings were found for participants in the low power condition listening to a person of the opposite gender initiate the conflict. This difference was significant for females, although a similar pattern for males was not. Furthermore, an interaction effect was found, with females who had listened to a female-initiated conflict in the high power condition reporting more anger than those in the low power condition, a response pattern that was in the opposite direction to the other three groups. A main effect was found for power, with participants in the low power condition reporting more anger than their high power counterparts. In addition, the results partially supported the hypothesis-regarding anxiety, with subjects in the low power condition reporting significantly more anxiety than those in the high power condition. These results, however, were limited to the male-initiated conflict. A significant gender difference was found for both the anger and anxiety ratings with women reporting more of both affect clusters than men. The results support the basic contention that power and gender are important determinants of affective responses to intimate conflict. The results are discussed in terms of the expectations and cognitions created by power and gender stereotypes and their influence on the process of labelling emotions within the context of intimate conflict.
Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate

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21

Perey, Dickson S. "Intersectionality of advocacy roles among school counselors and same-sex fathers". Thesis, California State University, Los Angeles, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3729372.

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LGBT-headed families are experiencing a changing social environment and public school environments cannot be assumed to change in synchronicity with educational policies and laws. Schools are heteronormative spaces that create an identity conflict for gay fathers because their very existence conflicts the norm that’s prevalent in that space. Two school stakeholder groups (school counselors and gay fathers) were investigated through a qualitative complementary case study. Intersectionality and social movement theory are theoretical lenses that can help identify the overlaps of salient roles and responsibilities that each group utilize to uncover understanding of identity and advocacy stances through a family, school and community partnership context.

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22

Vincent, Amanda Vincent. "The Relationship between Gender Roles and Attitudes Among College Students Toward People with Mental Illness". Walsh University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=walshhonors1524260060355647.

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23

Gosling, Sally Catherine. "Sex and gender roles in gentle and noble families, c.1575-1660, with a particular focus on marriage formation". n.p, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/.

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24

Leonard, Robin L. "Aggression: Relationships with Sex, Gender Role Identity, and Gender Role Stress". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1054.

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Sex, gender-role identity, and gender-role stress were assessed in terms of their relationship to observed gender differences in self-reported aggression. Physical and verbal aggression were explored, as well as the affective component of anger and cognitive component of hostility. The role of emotional intelligence in these relationships was also evaluated, as a possible correlate to the gender-related variables. The results indicated that both gender-role stress and gender-role identification were significantly associated with all components of aggression; however, only physical aggression was related to sex. Emotional intelligence was linked to sex and gender-role identity but not with gender-role stress. The results also suggested that emotional intelligence predicts physical aggression, anger, and hostility in addition to the variance explained by gender variables, presenting negative relationships with each of these variables.

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25

Brown, Elizabeth Renee. "The Effect of Incidental Threat on Leadership Needs and Choices". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1227215451.

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26

Derner, Melissa Guildford. "Sex, Drugs, and Rodent Reward: An Exploration of the Sex-Specific Roles of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Ethanol Reward". eScholarship@UMMS, 2016. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/888.

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Alcohol, recently named the most dangerous drug in the world, contributes to nearly 40% of violent crimes and fatal traffic accidents, increases risk of roughly 60 different diseases and injuries, and is responsible for 2.5 million deaths each year worldwide. Despite these staggering figures, treatments remain ineffective and riddled with adverse side effects, making successful use of even the most effective treatments unlikely. Moreover, many of the treatments, and the supporting research, have focused only on male subjects, despite sex differences in various alcohol-related behaviors. Human alcohol use is frequently accompanied by nicotine use, and vice versa, suggesting a common mechanism of the two drugs. In fact, alcohol may act through the same family of receptors as nicotine, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), eliciting similar activation of the reward pathway as nicotine and other drugs of abuse. Studies have shown that nAChRs containing the α4 and/or α6 subunits are involved in nicotine-induced activation of the reward pathway, leading to the hypothesis that these same receptor subtypes may be important for alcohol effects in the brain as well. Using male and female genetic mouse models and various behavioral assays, we have shown not only that these α4 and/or α6-containing nAChRs are involved in alcohol- related behaviors and activation of the reward pathway, but also show sex differences in this involvement. Uncovering the mechanism of alcohol in the brain, in males as well as in females, is an important step in developing targeted treatments for alcohol abuse.

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27

Chiasson, Grant D. "Effects of Biological Sex and Socially Identifiable Sex Roles on Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) Baseline Measures". Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10278417.

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This study examines sex differences on the baseline Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT), as well as the relationship between ImPACT measures and sex roles in a high school sample. Previous literature has shown that males tend to outperform females in the scope of reaction time and visuospatial performance. Likewise, females tend to outperform males on cognitive tasks, such as those pertaining to verbal and visual memory. There is limited research regarding sex roles and neurocognitive testing, while the present study examined this relationship. Participants were obtained from E.D. White Catholic High School in Thibodaux, LA. The 57 participants were administered the Bem Sex Role Inventory, as well as the ImPACT baseline neurocognitive assessment. A comparison of the means was analyzed using a t-test, while a Pearson Correlation was used to examine the relationship between sex roles and ImPACT measures. There were no statistically significant results. Coaches, trainers, and test administrators should not make assumptions based on sex or sex roles. The ImPACT system is a tool that has been used for the purpose of diagnosis and management of concussions, and will continue to be the most widely used assessment. Future directions should continue to focus on neurocognitive baseline testing for concussions for athletes at the high school level, being that there is limited research in this area.

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Haw, Catherine Elise. "Employment and well-being : a social-psychological study of Bermondsey housewives and employed women". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302707.

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Hook, Tina Colvin. "Women's perceptions of leadership roles within a Southern Baptist congregation". Click here to access thesis, 2009. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/spring2009/tina_c_hook/hook_tina_c_200901_mass.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia Southern University, 2009.
"A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in the Dept. of Sociology and Anthropology." Directed by William L. Smith. ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-53) and appendices.

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30

Donofrio, Elaina C. "The Wonderful World of Gender Roles: A Look at Recent Disney Children’s Films". Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3061.

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Thesis advisor: Lisa Cuklanz
For my Communication Honors Program thesis for Boston College, I plan to analyze gender roles and how gender is constructed in recent children’s films produced by Disney. Since the Disney Corporation is so prominent in today’s culture and thus influential to its audience, this topic of study is very important. It impacts many people including its main target audience—children. Existing research proves that children develop their gender schemata early in life. Furthermore, the media they interact with influences children and their concepts of gender. Therefore, the way that Disney portrays gender in its children’s movies is worth analyzing since it can impact the way children develop and view gender and stereotypes
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Communication Honors Program
Discipline: College Honors Program
Discipline: Communication

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31

Lommers-Johnson, Tess A. "Stressful Scriptures: Gender Role Ideology, Gender Role Stress, and Christian Religiosity". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/761.

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The Gender Role Stress paradigm asserts that individuals experience distress when they cannot or do not want to live up to the roles prescribed to their gender, and this stress is related to Gender Role Ideology. Within American Christian culture, gender roles are socialized and shaped according to tradition and the Bible. To investigate the intersection of these factors, Christian adults will respond to questionnaires about their Gender Role Ideology, Gender Role Stress, and religiosity. Significant positive correlational relationships between Gender Role Ideology and Gender Role Stress, between religiosity and Gender Role Ideology, and between religiosity and Gender Role Stress are expected for both men and women. However, Gender Role Ideology is expected to partially mediate any relationship found between religiosity and Gender Role Stress. This will imply that for Christian individuals, religiosity and Christianity are related to Gender Role Stress but this relationship is dependent on an individual’s beliefs about gender roles. Implications and further directions are discussed, including spiritual gender role negotiation and the sanctification paradigm.

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32

Mattsson, Anna. "Roles of ERα and ERβ in Normal and Disrupted Sex Differentiation in Japanese Quail". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekotoxikologi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8921.

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Exposure to xenoestrogens during development has been shown to impair sexual differentiation in various species. The major aim of this thesis was to elucidate the respective roles of the two estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ in normal and disrupted differentiation of sex organs and copulatory behavior in the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). The expression of ERα mRNA was much stronger than that of ERβ mRNA in the gonads and Müllerian ducts (embryonic oviducts) in early embryos. By contrast, ERβ seemed to be predominantly expressed in regions of the embryonic brain that are associated with male sexual behavior. Embryos were exposed to the selective ERα agonists propyl-pyrazole-triol (PPT) and 16α-lactone-estradiol (16α-LE2). The estrogens 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), which activate both ERα and ERβ, were used as positive controls. All substances impaired reproductive organ differentiation. The effects observed included oviductal malformations in females and partial development of oviducts in males. All substances also induced testis feminization (ovotestis) in male embryos. The male copulatory behavior was severely impaired by the positive controls but was unaffected by PPT and 16α-LE2 at doses that disrupted sex organ differentiation. A higher dose of 16α-LE2 significantly suppressed the behavior. However, it is possible that this effect was caused by cross-activation of ERβ. The substances also induced hepatic expression of mRNA encoding the egg-yolk proteins vitellogenin II and very low-density apolipoprotein II, which are commonly used as indicators of estrogen exposure. In conclusion, the results suggest that ERα is important for female reproductive organ differentiation. Excess activation of ERα by xenoestrogens impairs differentiation in both females and males and induces hepatic expression of egg-yolk proteins. The results also indicate that ERα alone cannot mediate demasculinization of male copulatory behavior in quail, although further studies are needed to test this hypothesis.

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33

Boyle-Walsh, Elizabeth Ann. "Investigations into the roles of female hormones and cytokines on meningioma cell proliferation in vitro". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284221.

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34

Zhu, Dan. "Managerial sex role stereotyping among Chinese students in New Zealand". Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/822.

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The management literature in gender issues argues that in spite of the progress made in the last few decades, women still face difficulties in being accepted and recognised as managers because the manager’s role has been perceived as masculine. Gender stereotypes, hence, continue to become a barrier to women’s access to top management position. This study examines the perceptions of the relationship between sex role stereotypes and the perceived characteristics necessary for managerial success among Chinese students in New Zealand. The study sample consisted of 94 male Chinese students and 119 female Chinese students studying in New Zealand. In order to allow for cross-cultural comparisons, this study used a direct replication the Schein Descriptive Index (SDI) from previous study (Schein & Mueller, 1992). The male and female perceptions on the relationship between sex role stereotypes and characteristics were analysed separately. The results revealed that both male and female Chinese students in New Zealand perceive that successful middle managers possess characteristics, attitudes and temperaments more commonly ascribed to men than to women in general. In addition, the results were compared with previous studies conducted in China and Japan, New Zealand, America, Britain, Canada, and Germany. Our findings conclude that Asian people are worse than Western people in respect to managerial sex role stereotyping, particularly, Chinese males who show a very strong degree of managerial gender stereotyping. Multiple discriminant analysis was used to discriminate the relationship between men, women and middle managers on 92 items from the survey questionnaire. The analysis resulted in two separate canonical functions which distinguished between three groups women, men and managers).

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Rideout, Elizabeth Jane. "Investigating the neurobiological basis underlying the sex-specific production of courtship song in Drosophila the roles of sex determination genes fruitless and doublesex /". Thesis, Thesis restricted. Connect to e-thesis record to view abstract, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/66/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2008.
Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.

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Lam, Ka-yee, i 林家誼. "Feminine roles in fairy tales and folktales". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3195263X.

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Lam, Ka-yee. "Feminine roles in fairy tales and folktales". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22199925.

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Manion, Donna M. "Roles and Attitudes of Males and Females in The Anarchist Punk Community". VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/791.

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Sexism is a widespread social problem that exists throughout the world today. It persists within the dominant culture, as well as in various subcultures, including the punk subculture (Daugherty 2002; Leblanc 1999; McRobbie 1991; Rosenberg and Garofalo 1998). Nijole Benokraitis and Joe Feagin's (1995) theory of sexism posits that subtle sexism is the unequal and harmful treatment of women that is typically less visible than blatant sex discrimination. This particular type of sexism may often go unnoticed, as society has internalized subtle sexist behaviors. Empirical research on subtle sexism has been conducted in various settings, such as the employment, academic, and military sectors of society (Benokraitis 1997). However, this theory has not been adequately applied to subcultural research. This research investigates whether subtle sexism exists within a group of self-identified anarchist punks who contend their primary tenets/principles dictate that they reject all forms of inequality. Moreover, if sexism does exist within the AP subculture, eradication of this problem within this community may be a daunting task -- as sexism may persist in subtle, invisible, and obstinate ways. This exploratory and descriptive research will utilize interviews of fifty men and women to examine if sexism exists, specifically in a subtle manner, and, if so, to illuminate manifestations of sexism within the anarchist punk community. Additionally, this study engages Benokraitis and Feagin's (1995) sexism theory to a non-traditional, subcultural setting.

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Ashton, Kristina Anne Everton. "Willa Cather : male roles and self-definition in My Ántonia, The professor's house, and "Neighbor Rosicky" /". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1597.pdf.

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Rudawsky, Donald J. "EFFECTS OF GENDER, ROLES, DIRECTED THOUGHT, AND NEGATIVE AFFECT IN CONFLICTS BETWEEN PEERS". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin990022714.

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Blazina, Christopher (Christopher Douglas). "Masculine Gender Role Conflict: Effects on College Men's Scores of Psychological Well-Being, Chemical Substance Usage, and Attitudes toward Help-Seeking". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278498/.

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This purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Gender Role Conflict upon college men's scores of psychological well-being, substance usage, and attitudes toward psychological help-seeking. It was found that the Success, Power, and Competition variable of Gender Role Conflict was the one variable that was consistently related to the measures of interest. Moreover, it was found to be significantly related to a decrease in psychological well-being, including Trait Anger, Angry Reaction subtype of trait anger, Angry Temperament subtype of trait anger, and Trait Anxiety. It was also found that this same variable was significantly related to increased reports of alcohol usage. Where as four of the possible five Gender Role Conflict variables were related to a negative attitude toward help-seeking, the Success, Power, and Competition variable was most heavily weighted.

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Lennon, Sarah Marcia. "At the edge of two worlds Mary Slessor and gender roles in Scottish African missions /". Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2010. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.

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Kerekes, Kendall Teague. "An investigation of sex roles and locus of control that influence female leadership career intentions". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2090.

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This thesis attempted to uncover whether leadership career intentions and masculine sex-role orientation were mediated by internal locus of control. The intangible "glass ceiling" has continued to be a barrier for women in business. Research has repeatedly attempted to uncover the justification for sexual discrimination in the workforce, striving to find where the "weaknesses" of women in management ranks resided.

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Elliott, Bryony Clare. "The paradox of men who do the caring : re-thinking sex roles and health work". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1995. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4000/.

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This thesis sets out to attack beliefs that caring is women's work, to examine the reasons for the resistance to changing conventions about sex roles and health work and, in view of coming changes in British demographic and socio-economic structures, to urge people to consider the question, who cares for us? The paradox of men caring makes its impact precisely because of the history and culture of women caring. The force of the image is as great as the contrast which makes it: men look like misfits in the caring role because women have been typecast for it. It is the extraordinary contrast of men carers and nurses talking about their caring feelings that forces the paradox. In this study, the men and women nurses and carers who were interviewed discuss their feelings as the very reason for their caring work, including emotion work and dirty work. The thesis argues that the men and women share the same caring values but their caring roles are conflicted by beliefs about sexual identity. Men's caring act is culturally constructed whereas women's caring act is directed by biological and cultural beliefs that help to perpetuate women's structured dependency in caring roles. The feminisation of caring designates the swamp of unthinking about women, feelings and bodies that breeds wrong beliefs about health work and sex roles and subverts the moral order of caring values. This is feminist methodology, characterised by being reflexive, political and experimental. The resulting exploratory study combines qualitive fieldwork with theoretical inquiry. It is a deconstuction of sex roles and health work, exploring the feminisation of caring through the language of care and the history of nursing, the difficulties with current social theory that genders caring and ignores feelings, most importantly, the stories of men and women nurses and carers who talk about their caring feelings, their work and their beliefs about caring sex roles, and finally the context of caring in the UK today. In conclusion, current beliefs about sex roles and health work undermine the moral order of caring values at a time when the task of caring for elderly people is increasing. What is required is the political will to begin the public debate on who should care for vulnerable kith and kin and who should pay for the work to be done?

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Townsend, Katharine Clark. "Late adolescent psychological adjustment : roles of individuation, sex, social connectedness, and ambivalence over emotional expression /". view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3102193.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-208). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Schoenberg, Hannah. "Examining the Roles of Sex, Methamphetamine, and Degree of Training in Habit Formation in Rats". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/865.

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Addiction is characterized by a progressive loss of executive control over drug-seeking and consumption, and may be associated with a behavioral shift from instrumental goal-directed actions to stimulus-response habits. Sex differences in drug addiction have been linked to changing hormone levels across the estrous cycle, and females exhibit a particular vulnerability to psychostimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines. Psychostimulants and estrogen both influence dopaminergic activity in the dorsal striatum, a region of the brain in which dopamine activity is thought to mediate the shift from action to habit. In the present set of experiments, we examined the roles of sex, amphetamine, and degree of training on habit formation in rats. To test habit formation in each experiment, animals were trained on a variable interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement to nose-poke for sucrose pellet reinforcers, then the sucrose was devalued in half of the animals by pairing its presentation with injections of lithium chloride (LiCl) to induce nausea. Animals for whom the sucrose was paired with LiCl acquired a conditioned taste aversion for the sucrose reinforcer. When tested in extinction, paired animals who remained goal-directed should inhibit their responding for the devalued sucrose, whereas animals in habit should be insensitive to the devaluation and respond at a similar rate as their non-devalued counterparts. Experiment 1 examined the role of sex in habit formation in which intact male and female rats received identical training, devaluation, and testing in two separate within-sex experiments. After 240 reinforcer exposures females exhibited habitual behavior whereas males remained goal-directed. In Experiment 2, female rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and half were given cyclic estrogen replacement. All animals received either pre-exposure to methamphetamine (METH) or vehicle. Following exposure to 120 reinforcers, a level of training that had previously been shown to be subthreshold to habit formation in males, all female groups demonstrated goal-directed responding at test, revealing a lack of effect of hormone replacement or drug pre-treatment on habit formation in OVX females at this level of reinforcer exposure. Experiment 3 aimed to determine the degree of nose-poke training that would be sub-threshold to habit formation in intact females, and two groups were given different amounts of training. Both groups exhibited habitual responding, indicating that habit threshold in females is lower than hypothesized. Overall, these experiments suggest that females shift into habitual behavior earlier in training than males, and further experiments need to be conducted to determine how factors such as hormone milieu and psychostimulant exposure influence this progression.

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Andre-Beatty, Pandora. "Disrupted conventions gender roles in Mildred Walker's The curlew's cry and Winter wheat /". CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05252007-130649/.

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Cogan, Nancy, i n/a. "A cross-denominational study of beliefs and attitudes about domestic violence". University of Canberra. Professional & Community Education, 1998. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060629.102538.

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This thesis reports the results of a survey of Christian church attenders which explored their attitudes and beliefs towards domestic violence. An extensive review of the relevant literature covers the nature of, and research into domestic violence; attitudes toward domestic violence; the relationship of domestic violence to doctrines and practices in the Judeo-Chrlstian tradition and in modern Christianity; and relevant topics in attribution theory. A survey of beliefs and attitudes about husband-to-wife physical violence was designed for this project. The questionnaire consisted of 53 items using a 5 point Likert scale and an optional, open-ended comments section. It was distributed to 12 congregations, representing 6 denominations, in the Canberra region. Participation was voluntary, and 340 questionnaires were completed. The gender ratio of the respondents is consistent with other studies of church attending populations, and Chi-square analysis found no significant differences in gender balance among the denominations. Factor analysis of the responses identified 8 subscales which explored themes of responsibility for and justification of violence, community support for perpetrators and victims, and beliefs about sex roles. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the denominations in beliefs about sex roles, but failed to find expected parallels in the justification and responsibility subscales. This sample is more in agreement than is the general population that neither a wife's action nor her verbal behaviour is justification for a husband to use physical force against her, and it is personally more willing to give support to victims of domestic violence and to helping perpetrators to change. Gender is more frequently a significant factor across the subscales than denomination. Comments from 190 respondents were categorised and provide qualitative data which is juxtaposed with the quantitative results. Directions for future research are discussed.

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Jermakovičienė, Dijana. "5-7 metų berniukų ir mergaičių kompetencijų lyginamoji analizė". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050627_180851-48213.

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Dijana Jermakovičienė. Comparative analysis of peculiarity remits of boys and girls at the age of 5-7 year. Sciential leader – O.Monkevičienė. Vilnius Pedagogical University. Department of preschool psychology. 2005. Sex education is very important part of the common upbringing. It ensures universal welfare of human life. This upbringing process becomes more topical, because of the popular past-west culture. It stimulates to look for the sex upbringing programs which are oriented to national upbringing traditions also humanistic worth. With reference analysis of theoretical resources, topics of the gender role and sexual self-conception, sexual upbringing peculiarities were revealed. Society is changing, traditional roles of man and woman looses faith. Children have to readjust to new conditions. Undoubtedly, it is important to research remit peculiarities of boys and girls in today’s fast-changing society. Also we should reach for the better education quality and stimulate perfection in this range. The research of peculiarity remits of boys and girls at the age of 5-7 year displayed that children have their attitude to gender roles. Despite the influence of modern society, there are traditional role repartition. While processing Lithuanians integration to cultural – civilization space, girls modern trend is very noticeable.

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Syrdahl, Kari Emilie. "Kvinne i Sri Lanka : et innblikk i kjønnsbaserte begrensninger /". Oslo : Institutt for sosiologi og samfunnsgeografi, Universitetet i Oslo, 2008. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/iss/2008/87539/Syrdahl.pdf.

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