Rozprawy doktorskie: „Sewage”

1

蔣華生 i Wah-sang Eddy Chiang. "Sewage and sewerage management". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31252801.

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Chiang, Wah-sang Eddy. "Sewage and sewerage management /". [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1381350X.

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Lam, Chun-tak, i 林振德. "Hong Kong's sewage strategy: an analysis of the strategic sewage disposal scheme". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964965.

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Yu, Chi-wing. "An overview of wastewater management in Hong Kong /". [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13814035.

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Chilibeck, Barry Michael. "Operation and diagnostics of wastewater treatment facilities using an expert system". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29495.

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This research examines the use of microcomputer-based expert systems as a diagnostic tool and an operational aid of conventional secondary wastewater treatment facilities. The research has shown that rule-based systems are well suited for the domain of wastewater treatment facilities operations using observational information. Advances in expert systems software combined with increased microcomputer processing power have made this development work possible with personal computers. These systems possess the capability to provide fully automated diagnostics and process control as well as acting as a teaching and development tool for operators in full-scale treatment facilities. The thesis describes the technical aspects of wastewater treatment as applied to the development of a finished knowledge base system called WASTES (WAStewater Treatment Expert System). The thesis also discusses the development of the knowledge bases from their sources to implementation in the system. Recommendations and conclusions are also presented along with potential areas for further research.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate

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Черниш, Єлізавета Юріївна, Елизавета Юрьевна Черныш i Yelyzaveta Yuriivna Chernysh. "The sewage sludge detoxification". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33561.

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Recycling of organic sewage sludge today is an urgent problem in the whole territory of Ukraine, which requires a solution. At the most of the municipal wastewater treatment plants, unfortunately, current removal, treatment and recycling of sewage sludge are not properly resolved. At present, the general part of sewage sludge is not carried out. Because it contains toxic chemicals, mainly heavy metals (HM) within the industrial waste water coming into the city sewer system after insufficient treatment or without treatment. As a result, sewage sludge is sent to the sludge pit and storage sites, which are assigned to the large land area. Therefore the process of HM removing from sewage sludge is of paramount importance to allow using sewage sludge as an organic fertilizer in agriculture. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33561

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Kan, Hon-shing. "EIA of sewerage projects : an overview of the Hong Kong situation /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14709296.

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Lau, Yip Hang. "Maximization of treatment capacity of a full-scale biological nitrogen removal plant through model simulation and full-scale stress test /". View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?EVNG%202005%20LAU.

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Ko, Chun-wa Johnason, i 高振華. "Sewage treatment in private sector". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253404.

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Shum, Ngai-on William, i 岑毅安. "Deodorisation of sewage treatment plant". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253258.

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Till, Steven W. "Crossflow microfiltration of sewage effluents". Thesis, Cranfield University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267216.

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Chan, Yvonne Yik Woon. "Ultraviolet treatments of sewage effluents". Thesis, London South Bank University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261143.

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Shum, Ngai-on William. "Deodorisation of sewage treatment plant /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14723864.

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Ko, Chun-wa Johnason. "Sewage treatment in private sector /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17457750.

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Heredia, Salgado Mario Alejandro. "Sewage sludge drying and combustion". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13409.

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Mestrado em Sistemas Energéticos Sustentáveis
A brief review of the paper pulp production process in order to understand the origin of the sewage sludge was performed. Then a general revision of the current treatment options for this type of waste was addressed. The thermal treatment by combustion was focused and a review of the state of the art of this process was performed. The high moisture content of sludge was identified as a major concern. Thus a revision of the state of the art regarding thermal drying of sewage sludge was performed. The drying behavior of sewage sludge from the pulp and paper industry was evaluated by experiment in a drying tunnel. Strong shrinkage, cracks and a weak crust phenomenon were identified. A drying kinetic model was developed by the use of Artificial Neural Networks achieving a high Pearson correlation coefficient in the validation tests. Additionally a theoretical assessment of the co-combustion process was performed having into account a 50 MWth combustion facility. The inclusion of different portions of sewage sludge in a fuel mixture and the influence of the sludge moisture content was studied. It was found that burning sewage sludge with more than 50 wt% moisture content is not possible. Furthermore the inclusion of sewage sludge in a biomass fuel mixture causes an increase in the fuel consumption, solids production and heat losses in the flue gas. Based on general thermodynamic considerations the thermal power of a sludge dryer was calculated. The use of waste heat to supply the energy needs of the drying process was addressed by the waste heat availability estimation as sensible heat and latent heat at the stack of the facility. A set of combustion experiments were done in a pilot scale bubbling fluidized bed combustor to assess the combustion efficiency by monitoring the CO2, CO, H2O and O2 levels in conjunction with the temperature profile along the reactor height. Two different types of fuel samples were prepared. One composed by 100 wt% sewage sludge (fuel sample 1) and other composed by 50 wt% sewage sludge and 50 wt% residual forest biomass (particle size <1mm) (fuel sample 2). Low CO levels were onserved especially for the fuel sample 2 which indicates a very efficient combustion process. The CO emission level established by the Portuguese law for this type of reactor was never exceeded under typical operating conditions. The temperature profile along the reactor confirms that the combustion of the fuel samples prepared occurs mainly in the freeboard zone. It was not observed agglomeration problems and the fluidization conditions were kept constant during all the experimental tests. After the combustion experiments a considerable ashes quantity were found and its particle size distribution was estimated.
Foi realizada uma revisão sucinta do processo de produção de pasta de papel, a fim de compreender a origem da lama biológica. Uma revisão geral das opções atuais de tratamento para este tipo de resíduo foi abordada. O tratamento térmico por combustão foi focalizado e uma avaliação do estado da arte deste processo foi realizada. Foi verificado que o elevado teor de humidade da lama representa uma grande preocupação. Por tanto, realizou-se uma revisão do estado da arte em relação à secagem térmica das lamas. O comportamento da lama secundaria da indústria de pasta e papel foi estudado experimentalmente em um túnel de secagem. Foram observados os fenómenos de encolhimento e rachaduras além do fenomeno de crosta, embora este último não seja muito pronunciado. Foi desenvolvido um modelo de cinética de secagem com recurso ao uso de Redes Neurais Artificiais, sendo observado um elevado coeficiente de correlação nas experiências de validação. Foi realizada uma análise teórica ao processo de co-combustão de lama com biomassa florestal numa instalação de combustão de 50MWth. Estudou-se a inclusão de diferentes fracções de lama numa mistura de combustível contendo biomassa florestal, assim como também a influência do teor de humidade da lama. Verificou-se que a combustão de lamas biológicas com mais do que 50 wt% em teor de humidade não é possível. Além disso, a inclusão destas lamas na mistura de combustível provoca um aumento do consumo de combustível na instalação, da produção de sólidos e das perdas de calor no efluente gasoso da instalação. Com base em considerações termodinâmicas foi determinada a potência térmica de um secador de lamas. A utilização do calor residual para suprir as necessidades energéticas do processo de secagem foi abordada a través da estimativa da disponibilidade de calor residual na forma de calor sensível e calor latente no efluente gasoso da instalação de combustão. Foi realizado um conjunto de experiências de combustão de lamas e sua mistura com biomassa florestal num reactor de leito fluidizado borbulhante á escala piloto para avaliar a eficiência de combustão através da concentração de CO2, CO, O2 e H2O, em conjunto com o perfil de temperaturas ao longo do reactor. Foram utilizados dois tipos diferentes de amostras de combustível, uma composta por 100 wt% de lama biológica (combustível 1), e outra composta por 50 wt% de lama biológica e 50 wt% de biomassa florestal residual (tamanho de partícula <1mm) (combustível 2). Foram observados baixos níveis de CO no efluente gasoso, emparticular para a amostra de combustível 2, o qual indica um processo de combustão muito eficiente. Para condições de operação (temperatura e estequimetria) típicas, verificou-se que o limite de emissão de CO estabelecido pela lei Portuguesa para este tipo de fornalhas não foi excedido. O perfil de temperatura ao longo do reactor confirma que a combustão das amostras de combustível preparadas ocorre principalmente na zona do freeboard. Não foram verificados problemas de aglomeração e as condições de fluidização foram mantidas constantes durante todos os ensaios experimentais. Após os ensaios de combustão foi observada uma quantidade considerável de cinzas na fornalha, tendo sido avaliada a sua distribuição granulométrica.

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Chan, Lap-man. "Sludge management : oversea experience and application in Hong Kong /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13813560.

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Ng, Yue-hang. "Dewatering and treatment of sewage sludge before landfill /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14723232.

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Fong, Chun-yau. "Latest development in waterworks sludge treatment and disposal in Hong Kong /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13498733.

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Tsang, Wai Lik. "Performance of sulfate reduction, autotrophic denitrification, and nitrification integrated process (SANI process) for saline sewage treatment /". View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202007%20TSANG.

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An, Kyoung Jin. "Reduction of excess sludge in an oxic-settling-anaerobic (OSA) system : a modified activated sludge process /". View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202004%20AN.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 188-201). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

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Dhakal, Sushmita. "A laboratory study of struvite precipitation for phosphorus removal from concentrated animal feeding operation wastewater". Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Dhakal_09007dcc804845b3.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008.
Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed April 21, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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Steffens, Marc Alexander. "Advanced process control for nutrient removal activated sludge processes /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 1997. http://library.uq.edu.au/screens/steffens.html.

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Erdoğan, Demet Polat Hürriyet. "Removal of Heavy metals from wastewaters by ion flotation/". [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/cevremuh/T000351.pdf.

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Wong, Kam-wah. "Deritrification in the activated sludge process with controlled anoxic conditions in the aeration tank /". [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12356244.

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Sun, Jingmei. "Co-removal of CR(VI) during precipitation of copper, nickel and zinc /". View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202003%20SUNJ.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 202-214). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

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Nieto, Cebrián Antonio. "Emerging organic contaminants in sewage sludge". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9048.

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El objetivo de esta tesis es el desarrollo de métodos analíticos para la determinación de un grupo de contaminantes emergentes entre los cuales se incluyen los fármacos y los compuestos de cuidado personal en lodos de depuradora.
Los métodos desarrollados se basan en la extracción presurizada con solventes (PLE) y, debido a la polaridad de estos contaminantes, la cromatografia de líquidos. Como técnicas de detección se han utilizado la espectrometría de masas (con quadrupolo y tiempo de vuelo como analizadores) y la espectrometría de masas en tandem (con triple quadrupolo como analizador) utilizando la interfase de electrospray.
A parte del desarrollo de los métodos para la determinación de fármacos, hormonas y compuestos de cuidado personal, se han analizado muestras de dos plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la zona de Tarragona. Se han obtenido resultados de la presencia de estos compuestos en lodos de depuradora que hasta la fecha no existían sobre las muestras de esta zona.
The scope of this thesis is to develop analytical methods to determine a group of pharmaceuticals and personal care products included in the list of so called "emerging organic contaminants".
The methods are based on pressurized liquid extraction as extraction technique and due to the polarities of these contaminants, liquid chromatography was the selected separation technique. Because the low concentration of these contaminants in sewage sludge, sensitive and selective detection technique have to be used such as mass spectrometry (with quadruople or time of flight analyzers) and tandem mass spectrometry (with triple quadrupole analyzer) using in all cases the electrospray interface.
The methods developed have been used to monitor several groups of pharmaceuticals and personal care products from sewage sludge from two different sewage treatment plants. The samples have been collected in Tarragona, where no studies related to the control of these compounds have been done.

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Lafitte-Trouque, Sandrine. "Enhanced anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369392.

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Brown, Stanley. "Heavy metal detoxification of sewage sludge". Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302700.

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Mess, Harold. "Sewage sludge disposal constraints and opportunities". Thesis, Aston University, 1985. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/15168/.

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Banihani, Qais Hisham. "ANAEROBIC - AEROBIC TREATMENT OF DOMESTIC SEWAGE". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193820.

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Domestic wastewater is the most abundant type of wastewater. Direct discharge of untreated domestic wastewater has environmental and public health risks due to the presence of organics, nutrients and pathogens. Application of anaerobic processes for the treatment of domestic sewage, which at present is largely treated by aerobic processes, has drawn considerable attention recently. Anaerobic processes can be applied for the removal of organic matter (methanogenesis) and nitrogen (anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox)).The toxicity of fluoride to methanogenesis was investigated. The results indicate that acetoclastic were more susceptible to fluoride than hydrogenotrophic methanogens. The concentration of fluoride causing 50% inhibition (IC50) to acetoclastic ranged from 18.1 to 155.7 mg L-1 while for hydrogenotrophic methanogens was > 400.0 mg L-1.The feasibility of a combined system consisting of anaerobic up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) followed by aerobic activated sludge (AS) reactor for removal of carbonaceous and nitrogenous contaminants from strong synthetic sewage (2.5 g chemical oxygen demand (COD) L-1) was also studied. The average combined removal of total COD, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and protein was higher than 89.0%, 99.0% and 97.0%; respectively. Extensive nitrification (96.0%) was observed when dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was > 2.0 mg L-1. In contrast, only partial nitrification occurred when the AS received high organic loads and/or the DO level was below 2.0 mg L-1.The inhibitory effect of nitrite and nitrate on methanogenesis was evaluated. Methanogenic activity was inhibited by the presence of NOx- compounds (i.e., nitrite and nitrate). The inhibition imparted by nitrate was not due to the nitrate itself, but rather to its reduced intermediate, nitrite. The toxicity of NOx- to methanogens was found to be reversible after all the NOx- were reduced during denitrification.Moreover, the development of Anammox enrichment cultures was evaluated. Anammox cultures were successfully developed using sludge samples collected from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as inocula but not from methanogenic granular sludges. Return activated sludge (RAS) collected from WWTP operating for biological nitrogen removal had the highest intrinsic level of Anammox activity. RAS Anammox culture was developed rapidly within 40 days with a doubling time of 6.8 days.

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Hendricks, Rahzia. "Assessment of the biological quality of raw and treated effluents from three sewage treatment plants in the Western Cape, South Africa". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6966_1331032010.

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The aim of this study was to compare the water quality of raw wastewater and treated sewage effluents from three different sewage treatment plants in the Western Cape, South Africa. The treatment plants investigated are on the same river system. Sewage treatment plant 1 and 2 use older technologies, while sewage treatment plant 3 has been upgraded and new technologies (membrane bioreactor) were incorporated in the treatment processes. The first objective was to determine the occurrence of total coliforms, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and fluoroquinolone and sulfamethoxazole antibiotic residues in raw wastewater and treated sewage effluents. Bacteria in treated sewage effluents can result in diseases such as dysentery, gastroenteritis, and typhoid upon exposure. A chromogenic test was used to screen for coliforms and E. coli. Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) were used to quantitate antibiotic residues (fluoroquinolones and sulfamethoxazole) in raw wastewater and treated sewage effluents. This study showed that bacteria are present in raw wastewater and residual bacteria are released with treated sewage effluents from sewage treatment plants.

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Wan, Ka-hung. "Computer simulation of a local municipal wastewater treatment plant". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17508939.

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Lau, Chor-to. "Evaluation of the strategic sewage disposal scheme for Hong Kong /". [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13813766.

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Xu, Jie. "Nutrient limitation in the pearl river estuary, Hong Kong waters and adjacent South China Sea waters /". View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?AMCE%202007%20XU.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2007.
Ph.D. in Marine Environmental Science. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-184). Also available in electronic version.

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Chen, Wen. "A membrane bioreactor(MBR) for an innovative biological nitrogen removal process". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39557959.

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Sütçü, Leman Polat Hürriyet. "Removal Of Boron From Waters Using Fly Ash/". [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/cevremuh/T000329.pdf.

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Li, Chunju. "Dynamic variations of carbonaceous and nitrifying activities in hybrid reactors with different operating conditions /". View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202004%20LI.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 178-188). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

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Lindawati. "Operational strategies for optimal carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal using sequencing batch reactor /". View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CENG%202004%20LINDAW.

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Yeong, Lung-yuen Christopher. "Removal of wastewater cod and nitrogen using fibrous packing media /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13193429.

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Copp, John B. "COD balances in biological nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) removal activated sludge systems /". *McMaster only, 1998.

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O'Palko, Brian A. "The use of a microbubble dispersion to enhance a dissolved air flotation system in a wastewater treatment sludge media". Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10222009-125034/.

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Papanicolaou, Athanasios N. "Settling characteristics of particles in a suspension of medium to high solids concentration". Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05042010-020238/.

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沈儀芝 i Ne-chi Alice Shing. "Actual effect of implementation of Hong Kong Island south sewerage master plan (SMP)". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893697.

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Walker, David Howey. "CFD Modelling of Sewage Sludge Vitrification Plant". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemical and Process Engineering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1717.

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This Technology in Industry Fellowship (TIF) funded Masters Project was structured around Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling for Lemar Environmental Ltd (Lemar). This study is a component of a larger programme that is being undertaken by Lemar concerning the vitrification process. The modelling has built on an initial model developed by CSIRO for Lemar and has been carried out under the direction of Canterbury University. The modelling involved computer simulations and detailed comparisons of the gas flow for both high and low swirl vanes, in both the steady state and transient modes. The output of this activity; velocity profiles (tangential and axial), vorticity, as well as particle tracking (in steady state mode only) were compared to literature and evaluated for both scenarios. As the study was restricted to the gas flow in transient mode, no recommendations and extrapolated modifications to the burner geometry and plant equipment can be made as they have to be verified by the particle motion within the gas flow. The steady state particle simulations obtained through this project, did not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that particles attach to the outer wall and only demonstrated the influences that the high and low swirl had on the particles. Further investigations of transient particle tracking would provide an overall interpretation as to whether or not the dried sludge particles bounced or stuck to the viscous slag layer and a commentary as to their movement in the chamber. Lemar's strategic vitrification programme is still active and the resulting redesign process is nearing completion and modifications to the plant are expected to be finalised by January 2008. Following extensive testing by Lemar it is understood that they would be looking to seek venture capital in order to progress the project to the market. In order for the final stage of the sewage sludge vitrification plant project to commence, Lemar has been in consultation with subject matter experts in the field, as well as undertaking trials on the plant, computer modelling and research into both the technical and international marketing prospects for the combustion technology. The detailed analysis and research undertaken through the CFD modelling conducted for this Project, recommends that Lemar conducts further CFD modelling to investigate transient particle tracking before any plant or geometry modifications are proposed and undertaken in order to optimise the ash capture which is a key output of the vitrification process.

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Morange, Arnaud L. (Arnaud Luc). "Transport of phosphorus in a sewage plume". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42635.

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Massanet-Nicolau, Jaime. "Mesophilic fermentative hydrogen production from sewage biosolids". Thesis, University of South Wales, 2009. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/mesophilic-fermentative-hydrogen-production-from-sewage-biosolids(45d910c7-f8d1-4c9d-bc46-ca0b80de8361).html.

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The increasing cost of fossil fuels, combined with concerns about their impact on our environment has led to a renewed interest in hydrogen as a clean, sustainable, alternative energy vector. Using sewage biosolids as the substrate for fermentative hydrogen production offers several advantages over the use of other biomass sources. It is available at little or no cost and is abundant, being produced wherever there are human settlements, with 1.3 million tonnes (dry solids) per year currently being produced in the U.K alone. This research demonstrated the feasibility of hydrogen production from sewage biosolids via anaerobic fermentation. To do this a number of issues specifically relating to the nature of sewage biosolids had to be addressed. Firstly, the solids content and rheology made automatic feeding difficult. The feedstock also contained high levels of indigenous microorganisms and a high ratio of insoluble to soluble carbohydrate. To address these challenges, a novel reactor design using wide bore tubing and computer controlled pumping equipment was successfully used to construct a working continuously fed bio-reactor. A combination of heat treatment at 70°C for one hour and pre-treatment with a commercially available food processing enzyme mixture was found to be the most efficient method of inactivating competing microorganisms and improving substrate quality. Hydrogen was successfully produced via batch fermentation of primary sewage biosolids which had undergone heat treatment and enzymatic digestion. When fermentation took place at pH 5.5 a peak hydrogen production rate of 3.75 cm3 min"1 was observed. At this pH the hydrogen yield was 0.37 mol H2 mol~ : carbohydrate, equivalent to 18.14 L H2 kg"1 dry solids. Fermentative hydrogen production from sewage biosolids was also demonstrated in a five litre, continuously fed bio-reactor for the first time. A comparison of different hydraulic retention times showed that hydrogen production was most stable at a HRT of 24 hours. A hydrogen producing fermenter was successfully linked to a methanogenic bio-reactor in a two stage digestion process.

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Safronova, D. "Sewage water biomonitoring using invertebrates as bioindicators". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/23265.

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Jing, Jung. "Bioavailability of cadmium in municipal sewage sludge /". The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487683049375578.

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Samanya, Janat. "Increase of energy recovery from sewage sludge". Thesis, Aston University, 2013. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/20734/.

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The use of the pyrolysis process to obtain valuable products from biomass is amongst the technologies being investigated as a source for renewable energy. The pyrolysis process yields products such as biochar, bio-oil and non condensable gases. The main objective of this project is to increase energy recovery from sewage sludge by utilising the intermediate pyrolysis process. The intermediate pyrolysis has a residence time ranging from 5 to 10 minutes. The main product yields from sewage sludge pyrolysis are 50 wt% biochar, 40 wt% bio-oil and 10 wt% non condensable gases. The project was carried out on a pilot plant scale reactor with a load capacity of 20 kg/h. This enabled a high yield of biochar and bio-oil. The characterisation of the products indicated that the organic phase of the bio-oil had good fuel properties such as having high energy content of 39 MJ/kg, low acid number of 21.5, high flash point of 150 and viscosity of 35 cSt. An increase in pyrolysis experiments enabled large quantities of pyrolysis oil production. Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge was carried out on laboratory scale with mixed wood, rapeseed and straw. It found that there was an increase in bio-oil quantity with rapeseed while co-pyrolysis with wood helped to mask the smell of the sludge pyrolysis oil. Engine test were successfully carried out in an old Lister engine with pyrolysis oil fractions of 30% and 50% blended with biodiesel. This indicates that these pyrolysis oil fractions can be used in similar engine types without any problems however long term effects in ordinary engines are unknown. An economic evaluation was carried out about the implementation of the intermediate pyrolysis process for electricity production in a CHP using the pyrolysis oil. The prices of electricity per kWh were found to be very high.

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Day, Arden, Rex Thompson i Spencer Swingle. "Barley Grain Grown with Dried Sewage Sludge". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203763.

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A four-year experiment, conducted at the Mesa Agricultural Center, studied the use of dried sewage sludge from the City of Phoenix as a source of plant nutrients in the commercial production of barley grain. The objective was to compare the effects of sewage sludge and commercial fertilizer on barley growth, grain yield, and quality. Three fertilizer treatments were used: (1) suggested rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in Arizona; (2) dried sewage sludge to supply plant-available N in amounts equal to the suggested rate; and (3) N, P, and K from inorganic fertilizers, in amounts equal to those in sewage sludge. Characteristics of barley growth, grain yield, and quality were similar for the three fertilizer treatments. Barley can use the fertilizer nutrients in dried sewage sludge to produce grain as effectively as it can utilize the fertilizer nutrients in inorganic fertilizer.

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