Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Sewage – Purification – Nutrient removal”
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1
Ma, Chao, Hui Ding, Yi Chao Sun i Xiao Wen Deng. "Removal of Nutrients from Saline Waste Sewage with Different Vertical-Flow Constructed Wetland Substrates". Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (październik 2011): 1189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.1189.
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In order to find the best substrates of constructed wetlands for saline waste sewage treatment, Bio-ceramic, quartz sand, zeolite and medical stone were used as filtering media for saline sewage treatment with proper proportion microbe, isolated from the sewage of the Wuqing sewage treatment plant. In this paper, the purification of the vertical-flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) with different substrates was studied, and the component of the nitrogen in the influent and effluent was analyzed. The concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia (NH4+-N), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and the salinity of the influent during the experimental period were 150mg•L-1, 36 mg•L-1, 8mg•L-1, 36mg•L-1and 1.6%. Under the condition that the hydraulic loading rate was 0.25m•d-1, the average removal efficiency of COD, TP and TN were obtained about 68.81%, 32.01% and 20.72 %, respectively with Bio-ceramic; 61.92%, 31.75% and 34.33%, respectively with quartz sands; 69.47%, 35.44% and 55.28% , respectively with zeolite; and 64.77%, 32.63% and 34.72%, respectively with medical stone. This result proves that comprehensive purification of the system with zeolite is the best.
2
Gulyás, Gábor, Bence Fazekas, Regina Varga i Árpád Kárpáti. "Biological Purification of Chemically Pre-Treated Dairy Wastewater before Discharge into a Municipal Sewage Systems". Hungarian Journal of Industry and Chemistry 43, nr 1 (1.06.2015): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hjic-2015-0008.
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Abstract Dairy production is one of the most inefficient processes with respect to water usage in the food industry. It was estimated that the production of a litre of milk creates three to four litres of wastewater. Dairy wastewater contains a high amount of dissolved and suspended solids. Moreover, it contains high concentrations of fat, protein, and carbohydrate. Consequently, the dairy wastewater content of organic compounds is high and so is its chemical oxygen demand. The majority of organic compounds are biodegradable with a high biological and chemical oxygen demand ratio. In this work, we examined the biological purification of physico-chemically pretreated wastewater from a Hungarian milk-processing factory before it was discharged into the public sewage system. The chemical oxygen demand of the pre-treated wastewater ranged from 500 to 2500 mg dm-3. We found that it was possible to achieve efficient organic material removal from nutrient-poor wastewater without nutrient dosage contrary to the literature. The activated sludge system manifested efficient organic material removal that required a smaller biological volume. Experiments with biofilms have shown that a thicker biofilm needs more dissolved oxygen, which dictates oxygen input levels to be sufficient for creating an aerobic environment.
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Hosoi, Y., Y. Kido, H. Nagira, H. Yoshida i Y. Bouda. "Analysis of water pollution and evaluation of purification measures in an urban river basin". Water Science and Technology 34, nr 12 (1.12.1996): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0297.
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The inflow of pollutant load from urban areas and the stagnation of water due to sea water intrusion cause the deterioration of river water quality in tidal zone. In order to improve water quality, various measures such as the reduction of pollutant load by sewage systems, discharge control from sewage treatment plants considering river flow, nutrient removal by aquatic plants, and the dredging of bottom sediments have been examined. The choice of these measures depends on the situation of the river environment and finances. In this study, a field survey was carried out in a typical urban river basin, first. Secondly, on the basis of this survey, a mathematical model was formed to simulate flow and water quality. Several purification alternatives designed for the investigated river basin were comparatively evaluated from the viewpoint of the effect of water quality improvement and their cost. Finally, they were prioritized. Through this case study, a planning process of river water quality management was shown.
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Wei, Yulu, Chaokun Li, Liu Han, Hui Xi, Yinqiang Tian, Kanfolo Franck Hervé Yeo i Wendong Wang. "Radial Oxygen Loss of Three Plants under Hydroponic Culture and Its Relationships with Pollution Removal". Water 15, nr 3 (29.01.2023): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030532.
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The growth status, root exudates, radial oxygen loss, and sewage purification effect of plants acclimated with sewage and cultured with a nutrient solution were studied by selecting Acorus gramineus Aiton, Pistia stratiotes L., and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms with the same individual size. The results showed that the root oxygen secretion rate of the Acorus gramineus Aiton was higher in light and dark conditions. For a single plant species, the oxygen secretion rate under light conditions was much higher than that under dark conditions. The root oxygen secretion rate of Acorus gramineus Aiton was the highest (2.03 µmol O2/h/plant), followed by Pistia stratiotes L. (1.68 µmol O2/h/plant), and the root oxygen secretion rate of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms was the lowest (1.15 µmol O2/h/plant). After a period of adaptation, plants showed strong removal effects on COD, NH3-N, TN, and TP. The removal intensity was in the order of Acorus gramineus Aiton > Pistia stratiotes L. > Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms; the higher the temperature, the bigger the removal rate. These results were consistent with Acorus gramineus Aiton‘s organic matter secretion and radial oxygen loss, which were better than those of Pistia stratiotes L. and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms. Three kinds of plants had better COD removal effects in an acidic environment and better TP removal effects in an alkaline environment. The results show that using the Acorus gramineus Aiton can achieve better remediation of polluted water bodies.
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Tsytlishvili, Kateryna. "Experimental Investigations of Removal of Phosphorus Compounds from Wastewater under Biological Purification". Key Engineering Materials 925 (11.07.2022): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-p0fnoc.
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Today, most surface waters of Ukraine are eutrophied due to the entry into water bodies of a significant amount of nutrients – compounds of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen and phosphorus enter water bodies with wastewater, sewage from agricultural lands and livestock farms, as well as with precipitation, due to the decomposition of water biomass, aquatic vegetation and zoocenoses. In the presence of free carbon dioxide (the concentration of which depends on bicarbonate alkalinity and water pH) and at certain rates of biochemical oxygen utilization (BOD) 7.2 g of nitrogen and 1 g of phosphorus produce 115 g of algae, which decomposition then consumes 115 g of oxygen [1].
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Naz, Safina, Muhammad Akbar Anjum, Bushra Sadiq, Riaz Ahmad, Muhammad Ahsan Altaf, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh i Awais Shakoor. "Purification of Sewage Wastewater though Sand Column Filter for Lessening of Heavy Metals Accumulation in Lettuce, Carrot, and Cauliflower". Water 14, nr 22 (20.11.2022): 3770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14223770.
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Sewage wastewater is one of the richest sources of mineral nutrients contributing toward plant growth and yield. However, the accumulation of heavy metals in the edible parts of vegetables and fruits can be dangerous to life. The current research aimed to evaluate the performance of a sand column filter for the elimination of heavy metals from sewage wastewater applied to selected vegetables. The contents of heavy metals, i.e., Pb+2, Ni+2, Cu+2, and Fe+2, were estimated to be higher in untreated sewage wastewater than in treated water. The number of leaves, fresh and dry weights of leaves, roots, and total biomass of lettuce, carrot, and cauliflower were improved due to the irrigation of unfiltered sewage wastewater compared to sewage wastewater. The curd diameter, fresh and dry weights of curd, stem fresh weight of cauliflower, and the root length and diameter of carrot increased after irrigation with the unfiltered sewage wastewater in comparison to the treated sewage wastewater. The accumulation of heavy metals, i.e., Pb+2, Ni+2, Cu+2, and Fe+2, was higher in the roots, leaves, and edible parts of the selected vegetables. In the present study, the Cd+2 and Cr+2 concentrations were not affected by the filtration process through a sand column filter. Conclusively, filtration through a sand column filter is effective for the removal of heavy metals from sewage wastewater used to irrigate agricultural land.
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Yang, Shun-Qing, Xian-Qiu Zhang, Rui-Ming Han, Ming-Xia Du, Ke-Wei Dai i Xue Han. "The enhanced effect of supplemented lighting on nutrient removal by an aquatic vegetables (lettuce) purification system from rural domestic sewage". International Journal of Phytoremediation 21, nr 10 (1.04.2019): 953–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2019.1583719.
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Lakatos, Gyula, Magdolna K. Kiss, Marianna Kiss i Péter Juhász. "Application of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in Hungary". Water Science and Technology 35, nr 5 (1.03.1997): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0230.
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This paper presents a brief survey of the Hungarian constructed wetland types that have been established for wastewater treatment in the last thirty years, and gives an analysis of the design and performance of those reed ponds that have been constructed for the polishing of petrochemical wastewaters. Natural treatment processes are in great demand because they are protective of the environment and have low operation costs and satisfactory purification efficiency. Three major types of treatment wetlands are utilized in Hungary: free water surface system, subsurface flow system, and artificial floating meadow system. Since the 1970s, the petrochemical industry has utilized sewage treatment systems consisting of ponds of emergent and/or submerged macrophyte vegetation that operate as free water surface systems. In the wastewater treatment system of Nyirbogdány, the average COD removal efficiency is around 60%, while the reed-submerged weeds pond has an efficiency of 25%. In the reed pond of the TIFO post-treatment pond system, the total phosphorus removal averaged 40% for several years, while the nitrogen removal efficiency has not exceeded 35%. For both constructed wetlands, the nutrient stabilising and heavy metal accumulating role of the aquatic plant-periphyton complex has been quantified, and the biological water quality has been found to be typical of any other natural water bodies.
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Verma, Lal Ji, Pramod Kumar Singh i Saurav Ambastha. "Heavy Metal Removal from Domestic Wastewater Employing Live Eichhornia Crassipes". SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology 9, nr 01 (25.06.2017): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18090/samriddhi.v9i01.8337.
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This study uses naturally growing water hyacinth for wastewater purification system, this is an alternative technique of heavy metal remediation. These plants enhance the removal of pollutants by consuming part of them in the form of the plant nutrients. The vascular plants cultured in such treatment system perform several functions, including assimilation and storing contaminates, transporting O2 to root zone, and providing a substrate for microbial activity, canal containing floating macrophytes. This applies to municipal wastewater, in particular, where treatment units of different size can be applied at the pollution source and consumes less energy for the running. The effectiveness of wastewater purification by different plants was tested on laboratory and pilot scales. The aquatic plants system offers an environmentally friendly and cost effective technology, which have been used for removing Cadmium, Iron and Copper from wastewater. Batch experiments verified that the plants are capable of decreasing all tested indicators for water quality to levels that permit the use of purified water for irrigation, which poses serious problems in various locations throughout the country. It is shown that mixture of wastewater from in front of Gautam Budha University canal/ Greater Noida’s canal wastewater and Galgotias University sewage treatment plants. The removal efficiency of the Cadmium, Iron and Copper is 74.52%, 75.31% and 67.75% in greater Noida’s canal and 73.72%, 74.99 % and 68.37% in Galgotias University’s wastewater respectively.
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Netter, Robert. "Planted Soil Filter – A Wastewater Treatment System for Rural Areas". Water Science and Technology 28, nr 10 (1.11.1993): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0220.
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Three planted soil filters for wastewater treatment (constructed wetlands with subsurface water flow) were investigated over an extended period of time. Each of them was filled with different kinds of soil. The filters were planted with helophytes, and loaded with septic tank effluent, with pre-treated combined sewage respectively. The hydraulic surface loading varied from 4 to 60mm/d and the specific BOD5 mass loading from 0.9 to 8.7g per square metre per day. The purification efficiency varied between 61 and 99% with respect to BOD5 and COD. The elimination of nutrients (Ntot and Ptot) varied between 5 and almost 100%. The removal rate of the total bacterial count, conforms, faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci was significant.
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Boichenko, M. S., O. O. Vovk, S. V. Boichenko i S. I. Shamanskyi. "PERSPECTIVES OF MEMBRANE BIOREACTORS FOR WASTEWATER PURIFICATION FROM WASTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS AND BIOGENIC ELEMENTS". Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, nr 3 (14.09.2018): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.3.2018.04.
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The article analyzes modern methods of wastewater treatment from bioresistant pharmaceutical products and biogenic elements. Pharmaceuticals, such as anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, antibiotics, narcotic drugs, hormones, drugs that reduce cholesterol,etc., are often get into sewage in small quantities. They are hardly biodegradable and, passing through wastewater treatment plants without any changes, they often end up in water bodies. They have significant negative impact on aquatic ecosystems and human health, while being present in open waters even in small quantities. Among the nutrients that are also present in the wastewater, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds deserve the greatest attention. While getting into water bodies, they cause eutrophication, which isalso dangerous to ecosystems and human beings. It is shown that among modern variety of purification methods, the most suitable for removal of pharmaceutical products and biogenic elements are biochemical methods and photopurification technologies, as well as using membrane bioreactors. Biosorption-membrane methods open the possibility to use modern biotechnologies for efficient removal of bioresistant xenobiotics and reducing their negative impact on natural environment. Using photopurification technologies can help to reduce amount of nutrients discharged in surface water bodies, thus reducing their potential for eutrophication, as well as receiving additional renewable energy sources. Bibl. 30, Fig. 3, Tab. 4.
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Charlton, J. "Biological nutrient removal applied to weak sewage". Water Science and Technology 29, nr 12 (1.12.1994): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0578.
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The Melby Wastewater Treatment Plant is located in the municipality of Frederiksværk on the island of Sealand, Denmark. This may be the first full-scale plant in Europe purpose built for biological nutrient removal from diluted wastewater, i.e. weak domestic wastewater mixed with infiltration waters. The relatively strict effluent standards have required the existing treatment plant to be upgraded in capacity, including the design for biological Nitrogen and Phosphorus removal. Due to the weak nature of the influent wastewater, the treatment process that has been adopted includes the application of a primary sludge fermenter to alter the influent characteristics suitable for biological nutrient removal. The treatment process used is the Modified University of Cape Town process utilising a primary sludge fermenter developed at the University of British Columbia in Canada. The combination of these two processes has been successfully applied to meet the strict discharge licence requirements, without the addition of chemicals, despite the unsuitable characteristics of the influent wastewater for biological nutrient removal. The paper describes the operational results for the treatment plant.
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Haberl, R., i R. Perfler. "Nutrient Removal in a Reed Bed System". Water Science and Technology 23, nr 4-6 (1.02.1991): 729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0523.
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Since 1984 investigations concerning sewage technology, plant physiology and soil properties have been carried out on the reed bed system at Mannersdorf/Leithagebirge (local loamy soil, Phragmites, planted area 3×150 m2, influent 30 - 50 mm/d). The removal efficiency of COD and BOD5 amounts to 80-90 % and 90 - 98 %, respectively. Elimination of nutrients (NTOT and PTOT) varies from 3 0 to 60 %, in general. Total nitrification cannot be reported for any of the plots fed with different sewage qualities. Nutrient uptake of NTOT and PTOT by Phragmites a. reaches 30 or 15 % of influent sewage load during July and August but is of no importance with respect to the average of the year. The proportion of PTOT in the soil is still increasing every year and now amounts to about 450 mg/100g soil. The concentration of phosphorus essentially stagnates at the level of 50 mg/100g soil.
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Brattberg, G., L. G. Reinius i M. Tendaj. "Optimization of Nutrient Removal in Stockholm". Water Science and Technology 24, nr 7 (1.10.1991): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0191.
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Stockholm was founded at the point where the waters of Lake Mälaren emerge into the Baltic Sea. Lake Mälaren is the water source of the water works of Stockholm. The Lake also receives water from one of the sewage treatment plants. The outlet from the two other sewage treatment plants are in the inner part of the archipelago. During 1968-73 the treatment was improved, after which the phosphorus load to the receiving water significantly decreased. The total P concentration in the surface water has decreased since 1970 and phosphorus has replaced nitrogen as the most limiting nutrient throughout the entire archipelago within 50 km from Stockholm. To further reduce the eutrophication a continued reduction of the phosphorus load is most effective. For the Baltic proper as a whole, where primary nitrogen limitation is present, it is important to reduce the supply of nitrogen to the greatest possible extent. The treatment plants in Stockholm are located in subsurface rock-chambers. The treatment includes mechanical, biological and chemical treatment. In the mechanical stage the sewage is treated in screens, grit chambers and primary sedimentation. The biological stage is a conventional activated sludgeprocess. For the chemical precipitation ferroussulphateis added before the screens. The sludge is stabilized in anaerobic digesters and dewatered in centrifuges before disposal on farmland. To meet more stringent requirements on nitrification and nitrogen removal several projects are going on to optimize the nutrient removal. The aim of these investigations is to improve the plants' performance within the existing plant.
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Reddy, K. R., F. M. Hueston i T. McKim. "Biomass Production and Nutrient Removal Potential of Water Hyacinth Cultured in Sewage Effluent". Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 107, nr 2 (1.05.1985): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3267665.
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Growth and nutrient uptake of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart] Solms) cultured in sewage effluent were measured over a period of 1 year in a prototype wastewater treatment system which has been in operation at Walt Disney World near Orlando, Florida. Annual productivity of water hyacinth cultured in primary sewage effluent (Channel II) was found to be in the range of 5 to 27 g dry wt m−2 day−1 (23.6 dry tons acre−1 yr−1). Average growth rate during the months of May through October 1982 for hyacinth cultured in Channel II (primary sewage effluent) and Channel I (treated primary sewage effluent leaving Channel II) was about 16 g dry wt m−2 day−1 (27 dry tons acre−1 yr−1), compared to the growth rate of 13 g dry wt m−2 day−1 (22 dry tons acre−1 yr−1) for hyacinths cultured in secondary sewage effluent. Plants cultured in secondary sewage effluent generally had longer roots than the plants cultured in primary sewage effluent. A significant relationship was observed between the growth rate of hyacinth and the solar radiation. Nitrogen and P concentration of the plant tissue were higher in the hyacinths cultured during winter months compared to the plants grown in summer months. Average N and P concentration of the plants cultured in primary sewage effluent were found to be 3.7 percent N and 0.94 percent P, respectively, while the plants cultured in secondary sewage effluent had a total N and P content of 2.8 percent N and 0.79 percent P. Nutrient ratios of the major plant nutrients were found to be approximately the same as the nutrient ratios in the sewage effluent. Annual N and P uptake rates of hyacinth cultured in sewage effluent were found to be in the range of 1176 to 1193 kg N ha−1 yr−1 and 321 to 387 kg P ha−1 yr−1, respectively.
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Wu, Chun Du, Chun Xia Liu i Qing Jie Xie. "Primary Study on the Pollution Control of Overflow by Stepwise Adsorption Purification Bed". Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (czerwiec 2010): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.259.
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In this paper a stepwise adsorption purification bed was introduced to be used for overflow wastewater treatment. According to the principle of natural purification of soil and paddy fields on sewage, the stepwise adsorption purification bed imitated the self-purification function of natural materials, such as defoliation，rotten wood, charcoal and the stone were processed as filler. The removal rate of the parameters, such as COD, NH3-N and TP was invested to show the treatment effect of this system. The result showed that the system had a high removal rate of the contamination in the sewage. The COD, NH3-N and TP removal rates can reach up to 80%, 85.8% and 84% respectively.
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Pitman, A. R. "Design Considerations for Nutrient Removal Activated Sludge Plants". Water Science and Technology 23, nr 4-6 (1.02.1991): 781–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0529.
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Based on more than 10 years' experience with biological nutrient removal in Johannesburg, this paper highlights aspects which should be borne in mind in the design of such processes. Feed sewage quality and the question of treating raw or settled sewage are considered. More importantly, methods of rendering the feed more suitable for biological phosphorus removal are detailed. As nitrate feedback to the anaerobic zone can often mitigate against good phosphorus removal, methods of obviating this are covered. In this respect the need for, and placement of a second anoxic zone are discussed. Process type and configuration are covered as well as zone retention periods and the split of process volume into unaerated and aerated fractions. Aeration systems and the tailoring of aeration to process needs are also discussed. Two problems that have been experienced in many full-scale plants are bulking sludges and prolific growths of nuisance scums. Methods of minimising these problems are discussed. Finally, mixed liquor and return sludge recycles; aspects to be borne in mind in the design of final clarifiers and the provision of standby chemical addition are discussed.
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Nurdogan, Yakup, i William J. Oswald. "Enhanced nutrient removal in high-rate ponds". Water Science and Technology 31, nr 12 (1.06.1995): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0453.
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High-rate ponding (HRP) processes have evolved from conventional oxidation ponds and could play an important role in the treatment of organic wastewaters in sunbelt communities requiring tertiary treatment. HRP systems are very efficient in removing biochemical oxygen demand, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Mineralized nitrogen is removed by algal uptake of ammonium ion (NH4+) and out-gassing of ammonia (NH3). High daytime pH generated in the pond due to algal uptake of bicarbonate shifts the equilibrium in favor of NH3. There are also two mechanisms for phosphorus removal in an HRP; algal uptake and chemical precipitation. Phosphorus uptake by algae is lower than nitrogen uptake because the nitrogen content of algae is approximately ten times more than the phosphorus content, which is approximately one percent of the 100 to 300 mg/l algal dry weights in an HRP. If sewage contains 10 mg/l of phosphorus, algal phosphorus uptake would be only 1 to 3 mg/l. Precipitation of phosphates with polyvalent cations such as calcium and magnesium also occurs in a HRP due to the high pH. This precipitation is sometimes called “autoflocculation”, which is often incomplete due to insufficient calcium and magnesium concentrations in the wastewater. In the case of Richmond, California, where the studies were conducted, the sewage has low magnesium and very low calcium concentrations. Enhancement of calcium and magnesium deficient autoflocculation was studied by adding 20 to 80 mg/l of freshly slaked lime to the pond during the continuous paddle wheel mixing. This simple procedure improved phosphorus, nitrogen and algae removal efficiencies to a level greater than 90%.
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Karlsson, Ingemar. "Nutrient Removal in a Short Retention Time Sewage Treatment Plant". Water Science and Technology 24, nr 10 (1.11.1991): 327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0320.
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Chemical treatment of sewage water is today often considered as a method for phosphorus reduction and used in combination with biological treatment. The experience in Scandinavia, however, shows that chemical treatment alone gives beside a good phosphorus removal also a high BOD reduction. Due to the very low investment cost for such a process it has been adapted in Scandinavia as an alternative to biological treatment. Where the demand is for greater sewage treatment the most feasible method is to complement the chemical precipitation process with a compact biological treatment. In Sweden the dominating post (and also the simultaneous) precipitation process has in many plants been replaced by a chemical pre-treatment process, because with pre-precipitation most of the organic matter is coagulated and extracted already in the primary clarifier. The energy demand in the biological process will decrease. The organic matter in the sludge will increase, which in an anaerobic digester means more digester gas. The unloading pre-precipitation effect can also give advantages for nitrification. The important BOD/TKN ratio is decreased. It is possible to build up a high sludge age and to upgrade a plant without tank expansion to a nitrifying plant. Pre-precipitation is normally not influencing the readily degradable BOD, which is about 25% of the total BOD and therefore a perfect electron donor for pre-denitri-fication is still available. The pre-precipitated sludge contains 75% of the organic matter in the sewage and can by hydrolysis be converted to readily degradable organic matter, which presents a valuable carbon source for the denitrification process. The hydrolysation process can be performed by, for instance, anaerobic treatment or heat treatment. This paper will review experiences from full-scale applications as well as pilot plant and laboratory studies.
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Sickert, E. "Nutrient Removal in a 2-Stage Biological Sewage Treatment Plant". Water Science and Technology 25, nr 4-5 (1.02.1992): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0488.
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The Dradenau sewage treatment plant consists basically of a large activated sludge plant which supplements the treatment stages of the Köhlbrandhöft plant. Although built to mainly oxidize ammonia and despite unfavourable operating conditions - the different locations of the Köhlbrandhöft and Dradenau plants - considerable amounts of nitrogen have successfully been eliminated. Denitrification takes place in the distribution channel of the Dradenau plant and in one of the biological stages of the Köhlbrandhöft plant. This stage takes over the excess sludge from the Dradenau plant resulting in nitrifying - and denitrifying - part of the nitrogen load already here. There is an average overall reduction of 70 %. Simultaneous precipitation at the Köhlbrandhöft treatment plant reduces the phosphorus concentration in the effluent of the combined treatment plants Köhlbrandhöft/Dradenau to values recently set by legal regulations (1 mgP/l).
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Wang, Zi, Zhe Chen, Hong Wu Wang i Lu Ming Ma. "Enhancing Biological Nutrient Removal from Real Domestic Wastewater by Using Iron Shavings". Applied Mechanics and Materials 164 (kwiecień 2012): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.164.517.
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Feasibility of enhancing nutrient removal in municipal sewage plant by using iron shavings in conventional biological treatment reactor was evaluated. Results of 209-days bench-scale test indicate that this method is feasible in practice. Compared to control test, TN and TP removal was increased 8.72 % and 57.83 %, respectively，by adding 400 g iron shavings in 75 L biological reactor. Effluent TP concentration could attain level 1A (0.5 mg L-1) of China's urban sewage treatment plants discharge standards; Total iron concentration in effluent was 0.249 mg L-1 and iron consumption rate was 762.7 mg d-1 during stable period. The enhancing effect of iron shaving on nutrient removal is easy to achieve and low-cost. It is worth investigating in a deep-going way.
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Kalenik, Marek. "Badania modelowe skuteczności oczyszczania ścieków w piasku średnim z warstwą wspomagającą z hydro-antracytu". Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 28, nr 2 (10.07.2019): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2019.28.2.24.
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The model investigations of sewage purification were carried out in a medium sand bed with an assisting hydro-anthracite layer with thickness of 0.10 and 0.20 m. It has been observed that the effectiveness of sewage purification related to basic qualitative parameters (total suspended solids – TSS, BOD5, COD, total nitrogen, total phosphorus) is in accordance with the Polish standards on sewage disposal into grounds and surface water. It has been stated that the medium sand soil bed with the 0.20-meter thick assisting hydro-anthracite layer shows higher effectiveness of sewage purification than the 0.10 m thick assisting layer. This application in the medium sand soil bed increased the removal efficiency regarding TSS by 3.1%, total nitrogen by 29.4%, ammonia nitrogen by 1.2% and total phosphorus by 23.0%, and reduction efficiency regarding BOD5 by 1.5% and COD by 11.3% with relation to the 0.10-meter thick assisting hydro-anthracite layer (all percentages – in average). The investigations confirm that the hydro-anthracite with the granulation of 1.8–2.5 mm can be used to assist in removal of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from sewages
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Ji, Li, Qili Ge, Yuan Li, Yifan Gao i Shulian Xie. "A Comparative Study of the Growth and Nutrient Removal Effects of Five Green Microalgae in Simulated Domestic Sewage". Water 13, nr 24 (16.12.2021): 3613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13243613.
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Microalgae have shown great potential in wastewater treatment. This study evaluates the growth and nutrient removal characteristics of five different microalgae strains, namely Chlorella vulgaris, Tetradesmus obliquus, Parachlorella kessleri, Hydrodictyon sp., and Scenedesmus quadricauda, in simulated domestic wastewater. The five microalgae could adapt to wastewater, but the growth potential and nitrogen removal capacity were species dependent. The nutrient removal effect of the microalgae used in this experiment was about 50% in the first two days. Parachlorella kessleri, selected from the five strains of green algae, shows good potential in removing nutrients from simulated domestic wastewater. For the simulated domestic sewage treated with Parachlorella kessleri, the chemical oxygen demand was almost completely reduced, and ammonium-N (NH4-N) and total nitrogen (TN) removal exceeded 70% at the end of the 10-day treatment. Total phosphorus (TP) removal was slightly worse, more than 65%. Parachlorella kessleri showed the best growth in sewage with the highest biomass reaching 366.67 mg L−1 and the highest specific growth rate reaching 0.538 d−1. This study can provide a reference for selecting suitable microalgae species to treat actual domestic sewage.
24
Li, Yan, i Yan Qiu Zhang. "Engineering Research on ECOSUNIDE Technique for Nutrient Removal from Municipal Sewage". Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (listopad 2011): 3422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.3422.
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For engineering research, ECOSUNIDE technique was applied in a sewage treatment plant under low temperature and low carbon resource. The whole experimental system has being running steadily after reasonable adjustments of influent distribution, returned sludge ratio and DO. The effluent qualities meet the Class I-B Criteria Specified in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002).Effluent BOD5 and NH3-N meet the Class I-A Criteria. The results indicates that the treatment capacity could fluctuate within a range of ±3000 m3/d with DO properly controlled. In aerobic sections, the best DO was 2-3 mg/L. The optimal sludge emission amount could be attained through settlement ratio and sludge concentration with the present emission amount of sludge of 680 m3/d. It might be the restrictive factor that BOD/TN was less than 3 on TN removal which could not steadily achieve the Class I-A Criteria.
25
Edge, D. "Perspectives for Nutrient Removal from Sewage and Implications for Sludge Strategy". Environmental Technology 20, nr 7 (lipiec 1999): 759–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593332008616871.
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Mun, Jung Soo, Sang Ho Lee, Jung Hun Lee, Jeong Yul Suh i Ree Ho Kim. "Nutrient Removal Using BauxsolTM for Treated Wastewater Reuse". Materials Science Forum 695 (lipiec 2011): 626–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.695.626.
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Urban areas consume huge amounts of water and produce much wastewater, which deteriorate the aquatic environment and exhaust the country’s freshwater resources. Water reuse from sewage and wastewater is recognized as a good option for securing water. There are several kinds of processes for improving the water quality. Nutrient removal is very important for water reuse, especially in water supply for outdoor use, to prevent water quality deterioration via eutrophication. Moreover, low cost and easy maintenance should be considered for nutrient removal. In this study, red mud and BauxsolTM, a mixed mineral powder made of physicochemically modified red mud residue generated by the Bayer process for alumina refineries, was used for the removal of nitrate and heavy metals in artificial solution, and of phosphate in final effluent, from a sewage treatment plant in Dae-gu, Republic of Korea. Nitrate removal by red mud showed little efficiency while heavy metal removal showed high efficiency. The concentrations of the total phosphate in the effluent and treated water were 1.51 and 0.14 mg/L, respectively, which represent about 90.7% removal. Before and after the treatment, the pH was maintained at a neutral range of 6.5-7.2. BauxsolTM also showed a high heavy metal removal capacity. Therefore, BauxsolTM in powder and pellet form can be applied individually or mixed with soil to improve water quality for water reuse.
27
Saha, S., N. Badhe, D. Seuntjens, S. E. Vlaeminck, R. Biswas i T. Nandy. "Effective carbon and nutrient treatment solutions for mixed domestic-industrial wastewater in India". Water Science and Technology 72, nr 4 (23.05.2015): 651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.254.
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The present study evaluates effectiveness of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor followed by two post-anaerobic treatment options, namely free-surface, up-flow constructed wetland (FUP-CW) and oxygen-limited anaerobic nitrification/denitrification (OLAND) processes in treating sewage from the peri-urban areas in India receiving illegal industrial infiltrations. The UASB studies yielded robust results towards fluctuating strength of sewage and consistently removed 87–98% chemical oxygen demand (COD) at a hydraulic retention time of 1.5–2 d. The FUP-CW removed 68.5 ± 13% COD, 68 ± 3% NH4+-N, 38 ± 5% PO43−-P, 97.6 ± 5% suspended particles and 97 ± 13% fecal coliforms. Nutrient removal was found to be limiting in FUP-CW, especially in winter. Nitrogen removal in the OLAND process were 100 times higher than the FUP-CW process. Results show that UASB followed by FUP-CW can be an excellent, decentralized sewage treatment option, except during winter when nutrient removal is limited in FUP-CW. Hence, the study proposes bio-augmentation of FUP-CW with OLAND biomass for overall improvement in the performance of UASB followed by FUP-CW process.
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Rössle, W. H., i W. A. Pretorius. "Impact of solids management on nutrient ratios for in-line wastewater prefermenters". Water Science and Technology 44, nr 2-3 (1.07.2001): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0756.
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The full-scale evaluation of in-line prefermentation effects on wastewater nutrient ratios was performed under three different sludge operating conditions, with regards to sludge elutriation rates (0.7, 2.2 and 3.7 kg dry sludge/m3 raw sewage) and the corresponding sludge ages (17.3, 2.5 and 7.5 days). At all three operating conditions the TKN/COD ratio increased (64, 46 and 20% respectively), with an average ratio of 0.057 mg N/mg COD in the raw sewage increasing to 0.082 mg N/mg COD in the settled sewage. These ratio increases can limit the use and performance of certain biological nutrient removal process configurations. This study has further highlighted the importance to counterbalance fermentation, thickening and solids removal requirements in a single tank in-line prefermenter. The minimum suspended solids removal (33%) was achieved at the lowest settled sludge solids content (4.3%), against a corresponding maximum volatile fatty acid generation rate (5.7 mg VFA/l/h). The total solids and volatile fatty acid concentration profiles down the prefermenter tank depth were determined at a high sludge blanket level condition. It was demonstrated that the accumulated constituent mass inventory increase was about constant throughout the water and sludge layers respectively under such operational conditions.
29
Taniguchi, T., K. Nakano, N. Chiba, M. Nomura i O. Nishimura. "Evaluation of extremely shallow vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland for nutrient removal". Water Science and Technology 59, nr 2 (1.01.2009): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.853.
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Mesocosm-scale vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SSF, 0.5 m length, 0.3 m width) with different reed-bed thickness, including standard SSF (SD, 0.6 m deep), shallow SSF (S, 0.3 m deep) and extremely shallow SSF (ES, 0.075 m deep) were set up at sewage treatment plant and their nutrient removal efficiencies from the sewage plant effluent were compared under three hydraulic loading rate (HLR) conditions of 0.15, 0.45 and 0.75 m3 m−2 d−1. A very interesting characteristics was found for the extremely shallow SSF, in which a high nitrogen removal efficiency was obtained despite the effective hydraulic retention time was only 1/8 times as long as the standard SSF. The results of kinetic analysis confirmed that the high volumetric nitrogen removal efficiency observed in the extremely shallow SSF did not depend on high response against the water temperature but on much higher basic nitrogen removal activity compared with other SSF. The phosphorus removal depending on the adsorption to sand in the reed-bed filter was, however, the lowest in the extremely shallow SSF although the volumetric removal efficiency was much higher compared with other SSF. Results of morphological analysis of rhizosphere collected from respective reed-bed suggested that the extremely shallow SSF lead to a very high-density rhizosphere, resulting in a high basic nitrogen removal activity and volumetric phosphorus removal efficiency.
30
Brix, Hans, i Hans-Henrik Schierup. "Sewage Treatment in Constructed Reed Beds – Danish Experiences". Water Science and Technology 21, nr 12 (1.12.1989): 1665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0139.
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The working experiences from twenty-five Danish constructed reed beds are summarised. The removal efficiency with respect to BOD is typically 70-90% after one growing season producing a consistent effluent concentration of less than 20 mg/l. The typical reduction of total-nitrogen and total-phosphorus is 25-50% and 20-40%, respectively. The poor performance with respect to nitrogen and phosphorus can be ascribed to (a) surface run-off (low permeability of the soil) which prevents the sewage from getting into the rhizosphere, and (b) insufficient release of oxygen from the root-system of the reeds to secure a quantitative significant nitrification. The nutrient removal is therefore dependent on the hydraulic loading rate. Only reed beds with loading rates of less than 2 cm/d show a purifying effect in respect of nitrogen and phosphorus better than 50%. The hydraulic permeability of the soil develops slowly, if ever. Even after four growing seasons overland flow predominates, typically forming a pattern covering only a part of the reed bed area. However, as most of the Danish reed beds are constructed on sites with no demand for nutrient removal, the systems function satisfactorily from the point of view of meeting the discharge standards.
31
Liao, Wei, Hui-qiang Li i Ping Yang. "Organic and nutrient removal during start-up period for domestic sewage treatment by an A/O mixed carrier system". E3S Web of Conferences 167 (2020): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016701006.
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This study combined biofilm method and A/O process reasonably to form the biological treatment system. This experiment focused on the performance of the system for domestic sewage according to the determination of CODCr, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. The A/O-mixed carrier system had a good removal effect on organic pollutants for simulated domestic sewage. At the start-up period, the average removal rates of CODCr, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen were 92%, 90% and 55%, respectively. But the removal effect of total phosphorus was not ideal.
32
Cao, Yeshi, M. C. M. Van Loosdrecht i Glen T. Daigger. "The bottlenecks and causes, and potential solutions for municipal sewage treatment in China". Water Practice and Technology 15, nr 1 (17.01.2020): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2020.006.
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Abstract Since about the 1990s China has achieved remarkable progress in urban sanitation. The country has built very extensive infrastructure for wastewater treatment, with 94.5% treatment coverage in urban areas and legally mandated nation-wide full nutrient removal implemented. However, municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in China are still confronted with issues rooted in the unique sewage characteristics. This study compares energy recovery, cost of nutrient removal and sludge production between Chinese municipal WWTPs and those in countries with longer wastewater treatment traditions, and highlights the cause-effect relationships between Chinese sewage characteristics – high inorganic suspended solids (ISS) loads, and low COD and C/N ratio, and municipal WWTP process performance in China. Integrated design and operation guidelines for municipal WWTPs are imperative in relation to the unique sewage characteristics in China. Cost-effective measures and solutions are proposed in the paper, and the potential benefits of improving the sustainability of municipal WWTPs in China are estimated.
33
Raper, W. G., i J. M. Green. "Simple process for nutrient removal from food processing effluents". Water Science and Technology 43, nr 3 (1.02.2001): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0127.
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Food processing effluents often contain high levels of nutrients, particularly N. Conventionally, anaerobic ponds are used to purify these effluents in Australia, giving cost-effective removal of BOD but little nutrient removal. It has become apparent that disposal by irrigation as presently practised normally exceeds sustainable N application rates, thus reduction of nutrient levels before irrigation is becoming mandatory. Meatworks effluent is often discharged to country town sewers, frequently accounting for 50-75% of the nutrient load. Meatworks effluents contain 1,000-4,000 mg/L BOD, 200-400 mg/L TKN and 20-50 mg/L P. Conventional BNR technology can readily remove nutrients from such effluents, either alone or in combination with anaerobic ponds but sludge handling on such a small scale poses economic problems. Laboratory scale trials showed that both BOD removal from meatworks effluent and sludge disposal could be achieved readily in conventional anaerobic ponds. The pond effluent, together with the town sewage if required, could be treated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) designed for nitrification/denitrification service. Optimisation of the anaerobic pond operation was required to ensure production of the minimum BOD:N ratio needed for N removal. This paper will describe the design and commissioning of two plants; a demonstration plant installed at a typical sized meatworks in Gippsland, Victoria, and a full scale plant for treatment of combined domestic sewage and effluent from a large meatworks at Longford, Tasmania. In neither case (for different reasons) has P removal yet been required. It was demonstrated that 98% of BOD and up to 95% N removal may be cheaply and readily achieved in the SBR. Where lagoons are used, levels of N suitable for river discharge can be achieved. P can be readily removed by alum treatment when required.
34
Bolzonella, D., L. Innocenti i F. Cecchi. "Biological nutrient removal wastewater treatments and sewage sludge anaerobic mesophilic digestion performances". Water Science and Technology 46, nr 10 (1.11.2002): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0330.
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The paper deals with the performances of the mesophilic anaerobic digestion treatment of sewage sludge from a full scale BNR process without primary settling (nominally 300,000 PE). A relation between the activated sludge observed yields, Yobs, and the anaerobic digester performance was preliminarily found: for values of Yobs of 0.25 kgVSS/kgCOD the anaerobic digester specific gas production showed the best performances (0.22 m3/kgVSfed). This has to be confirmed with wider future studies. It was also shown the level of sludge pre-thickening to be reached for the self-sustaining warming of the digester also in wintertime. According to the energetic balance and to a comparison with an aerobic stabilisation process, it was pointed out as when a co-generation unit for heat and energy production was introduced about 3.4 kWh/PE y of energy were produced in the anaerobic digestion process. On the other hand, 4.3 kWh/PE y were spent if an aerobic stabilisation process was applied. The economic assessment, carried out on the basis of the energy balances, showed that the anaerobic digestion is always economically advantageous if compared to aerobic stabilisation processes, also for small WWTPs. According to the energetic evaluations an environmental balance was assessed, in terms of CO2 emissions. The difference between anaerobic and aerobic processes was about 5.3 kgCO2/PE y in favour of anaerobic processes application.
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Craggs, R. J., P. J. McAuley i V. J. Smith. "Batch culture screening of marine microalgal nutrient removal from primary sewage effluent". Hydrobiologia 288, nr 3 (sierpień 1994): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00006239.
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Rogalla, F., M. Payraudeau, P. Sauvegrain i J. Sibony. "Reduced Hydraulic Detention Time for Complete Nutrient Removal with Innovative Biological Reactors". Water Science and Technology 24, nr 10 (1.11.1991): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0295.
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To limit pollution discharges through wastewater into surface waters, increasingly stringent effluent standards particularly for nutrient removal require extensive upgrading of conventional wastewater treatment plants. Large sewage treatment plants in Western Europe are often located in densely urbanised areas where land is unavailable. To avoid additional unit processes for nitrogen and phosphorus removal, innovative solutions are demonstrated. A compact reactor is presented that achieves low pollutant residuals (carbonaceous matter, suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus) in reduced space and a few examples of full scale applications are given. Through extensive pilots tests, the limiting parameters for nutrient removal are established on sewage after pretreatment and lamella settling. The biological treatment by two granular filters in series combines biodegradation and suspended solids retention without further particle separation. The anoxic reactor removal rates varied between 0.3 and 1.5 kg N-NO3/m3 d, depending on temperature and available carbon. Nitrification on the aerobic filter increases from 0.3 kg to 1 kg N-NH4/m3 d with temperature in a range between 5 to 20 °C. Total nitrogen residuals below 10 mg/l and effluent phosphorus below 1 mg/l can be achieved with hydraulic retention times of around 3 hours.
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Andersson, C., M. Tendaj i M. Rothman. "Filtration at Bromma Sewage Treatment Plant". Water Science and Technology 25, nr 4-5 (1.02.1992): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0481.
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The requirements for purification of the sewage will be more stringent in Sweden. For the three plants in Stockholm - Henriksdal, Bromma and Loudden the proposed limit concentrations for BOD7, total phosphorus and total nitrogen are 10, 0.3 and 15 respectively. A limit value of 0.3 mg/l of phosphorus in the effluent will require a filtration stage. In this paper results are presented from filter tests at Bromma sewage treatment plant. The tests were carried out during almost two years and included operation of different types of sand dual-media downflow filters and an upflow filter. The filters were tested with respect to sludge accumulation capacity, suspended solids removal and phosphorus removal at different operation conditions including chemical precipitation in the filters.
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Li, Ang, Yan Qiu Zhang, Yan Li i Zhi Jun Diao. "Influences of Inflow Mode on Nutrient Removal Efficiency in a New SBR System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 26-28 (czerwiec 2010): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.26-28.553.
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With influent distribution, high sludge concentration and low substrate state are carried out in ECOSUNIDE technics, bring in high nutrient removal efficiency. The “influent distribution” was introduced into conventional SBR for the treatment of municipal sewage, aiming to improve the nutrient removal efficiency. The whole process included an anaerobic and multiple anoxic/ aerobic units. The distribution ratios and modes are studied in this paper. The results show that the average sludge concentration reaches high to 6000mg/L. The influent mode has significant influences on the nutrient removal in the new SBR system. The mode of instantaneous influent in anaerobic stage and intermittent in frequent aeration stage is optimal, with the distribution ratio of 0.4/0.6, and the removal rates of NH3-N, TN and TP reach 99%, 87%, and 98%, respectively.
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Bavor, H. J., i E. F. Andel. "Nutrient Removal and Disinfection Performance in the Byron Bay Constructed Wetland System". Water Science and Technology 29, nr 4 (1.02.1994): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0191.
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A constructed wetland system has been developed for polishing of treated sewage effluent at Byron Bay, northern New South Wales, Australia. Nutrient removal and disinfection performance of the system has been monitored in preliminary investigations and has been found to be promising. The system, monitoring program and ongoing research program are described
40
Porozhnyuk, L. A., N. S. Lupandina i E. V. Porozhnyuk. "Research of Mechanisms of Copper Ions Removal out of Sewage of Machine-Building Productions by Combined Reagent Based on Industrial Wastes". Solid State Phenomena 265 (wrzesień 2017): 851–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.851.
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The need for sewage purification of machine-building production from copper compounds which possess toxic, allergic, cancerogenic, gonadotropny and embryotoxic action, has been justified. The methods of studying of component and mineralogical composition of wastes, which are used for purification of model mortars, have been given. Some methods of purification of mortars from copper ions have been considered. The need for the search of alternative methods of purification, taking into consideration the composition and properties of the purified environments, and also taking into account the possible reset of purified sewage into natural reservoirs, has been shown. It has been revealed, that application of calcium- containingwaste as reagent won't help to additional alkalization of natural reservoirs. Prospects of use of regional industrial wastes for extraction of copper ions out of model mortarshave been shown. The mechanism of purification of model drains from copper ions by a combined reagent has been described.
41
Craggs, Rupert J., Valerie J. Smith i Paul J. McAuley. "Wastewater nutrient removal by marine microalgae cultured under ambient conditions in mini-ponds". Water Science and Technology 31, nr 12 (1.06.1995): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0479.
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Two endemic strains of the marine microalgal species Phaeodactylum tricornutum (designated B2 and B4), previously isolated from a sewage outfall site in St Andrews Bay, Scotland, were cultured in 20-litre mini-ponds to determine their ability to remove ammonium and orthophosphate from wastewater diluted with seawater. These strains had been selected from 102 species for optimal nutrient removal and culture dominance in both batch and continuous culture on wastewater under controlled environmental conditions. Wastewater (primary sewage effluent) was diluted 1:1 with sterile seawater and continuously added to algal cultures grown in an open greenhouse under ambient conditions. Nutrient concentrations in the diluted wastewater and in outflow from the cultures were measured daily. Both strains remained unialgal with little change in biomass during the 14-day culture period and continuously removed >80% of ammonium from the wastewater. However, while strain B2 removed >80% of orthophosphate, there was a gradual accumulation of orthophosphate in the culture of strain B4. Measurement of nutrient concentrations in diluted wastewater and outflow from the continuous culture of strain B2 over 24 hours showed that at night nutrient removal dropped to a minimum of >70% for both ammonium and orthophosphate. These results indicate the potential value of strain B2 for use in scaled-up treatment ponds.
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Heinzmann, B. "Phosphorus recycling in sewage treatment plants with biological phosphorus removal". Water Science and Technology 52, nr 10-11 (1.11.2005): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0734.
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In this paper, phosphorus balances are calculated for the wastewater purification and sludge treatment stages for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) applying Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR). The possible P-recovery potential is then estimated and evaluated regarding different locations along the process of wastewater purification and sludge treatment, taking the different phosphorus bonding forms into account. Caused by the more favourable bonding forms in the excess sludge as well as possibly also in the sludge ash a recovery of the phosphorus seems especially favoured for WWTPs with EBPR. The processes available for a P recycling are named, and special regard is given to the Phostrip-process, which is a possible recycling process already tested in practice. Further R&D demand consists in basic research regarding disintegration, fermentation or acidic total digestion of excess sludge followed by phosphorus precipitation including separation of the precipitates, MAP-precipitation and separation from digested sludge and on the ability to extract phosphorus and heavy metals from sewage sludge ash. These investigations are a precondition to enable purposeful process developments. At the present state the cost of recycled phosphorus earned from wastewater, sludge and ash, respectively, are a multiple higher than the costs for raw phosphate taking into account the suitable processes. Thus, up to now no phosphorus recycling with a defrayal of costs is possible. The future importance of phosphorus recycling will depend on the market price for raw phosphate, the recycling costs and, furthermore, on the general political framework.
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Damalerio, Regina, Aileen Orbecido, Michael Angelo Promentilla, Ramon Christian Eusebio, Liza Patacsil i Arnel Beltran. "Preliminary Investigation of an Installed Pilot-Scale Biological Nutrient Removal Technology (BNRT) for Sewage Treatment". MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 12002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133312002.
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Water utilities, commercial and industrial establishments are required to upgrade or install new treatment systems to comply with the revised effluent standards issued by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources – Environment Management Bureau (DENR – EMB) which now includes removal and monitoring of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus components). One solution is to utilize a biological nutrient removal technology (BNRT) system capable of removing nutrients from sewage. The on-going study aims to investigate the performance of the pilot-scale system in the removal of nutrients from sewage. The designed pilot-scale anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2O) process with a total hydraulic retention time of 8.37 hrs. was operated in an existing sewage treatment plant (STP). System modification was adapted to ensure continuous operation. Dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature of each compartment were evaluated after 45 days of system modification. The DO of the anaerobic and oxic compartment remained within the required range, while the internal recycling flowrate and/or aeration must be adjusted to achieve a DO concentration of 0.20 – 0.50 mg/L in the anoxic compartment. The research is financially supported by the Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development of the Department of Science and Technology (PCIEERD Project No. 04176).
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Damalerio, Regina, Aileen Orbecido, Michael Angelo Promentilla, Ramon Christian Eusebio, Liza Patacsil i Arnel Beltran. "Preliminary Investigation of an Installed Pilot-Scale Biological Nutrient Removal Technology (BNRT) for Sewage Treatment". MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 12002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133312002.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Water utilities, commercial and industrial establishments are required to upgrade or install new treatment systems to comply with the revised effluent standards issued by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources – Environment Management Bureau (DENR – EMB) which now includes removal and monitoring of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus components). One solution is to utilize a biological nutrient removal technology (BNRT) system capable of removing nutrients from sewage. The on-going study aims to investigate the performance of the pilot-scale system in the removal of nutrients from sewage. The designed pilot-scale anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2O) process with a total hydraulic retention time of 8.37 hrs. was operated in an existing sewage treatment plant (STP). System modification was adapted to ensure continuous operation. Dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature of each compartment were evaluated after 45 days of system modification. The DO of the anaerobic and oxic compartment remained within the required range, while the internal recycling flowrate and/or aeration must be adjusted to achieve a DO concentration of 0.20 – 0.50 mg/L in the anoxic compartment. The research is financially supported by the Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development of the Department of Science and Technology (PCIEERD Project No. 04176).
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Zhang, Dong Xia, Qi Liu i Yong Ming Zhang. "Treating Effect of Potassium Ferrate to Aquaculture Recirculating Water". Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (sierpień 2014): 1005–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.1005.
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Aquaculture waste water was a major sewage resource, and recirculating aquaculture is an important mode of aquaculture development. Potassium ferrate is a novel sewage treatment agent and the use of potassium ferrate as a aquaculture recirculating water purification agents had a very important significance in the theoretical and practical application. When the amount of potassium ferrate is 8mg / L, the removal rate of the total number of colonies is 98.8%, the removal rate of COD is 92.16%, 98.78%, and sulfide is 98.42%. For the total amount of ammonia and nitrite also has a certain effect, when the amount of potassium ferrate is 12mg / L, the nitrite removal rate was 44.61%, total ammonia nitrogen removal rate was 23.61%.
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Filho, Jorge Luiz da Paixão, Adriano Luiz Tonetti, Martha Tavanielli Guimarães i Dailto Silva. "Nutrient recovery from airplane wastewater: composition, treatment and ecotoxicological assay". Water Science and Technology 75, nr 8 (14.02.2017): 1952–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.081.
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For the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, Brazil has expanded its airport infrastructure. This will lead to an increase in wastewater generation from aircrafts. This wastewater is traditionally taken from the aircrafts and disposed in the public sewage collection system. However, this residual water may have a different composition than the usual sanitary sewage. Therefore, it is important to study an alternative to treat this kind of wastewater. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize and analyze the treatment of wastewater from airplane toilets through chemical precipitation for the removal of ammonia in the form of struvite. The airplanes' effluent showed a composition similar to human urine with pH 8.9, ammonia nitrogen 4,215 mg L−1, phosphorus 430 mg L−1 and a very high acute toxicity (Vibrio fischeri). The best treatment for struvite formation was with pH 9.0 and molar ratio Mg:NH4:PO4 equal to 1.5:1.0:1.0. In this case, the removal of ammonia and phosphorus achieved 97.0% and 95.3%, respectively. After this procedure, the toxicity by Vibrio fischeri decreased.
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Shamanskyi, Sergii, Sergii Boichenko, Viktoria Khrutba, Olena Barabash, Iryna Shkilniuk, Anna Yakovlieva, Petro Topilnyckyi i Lesia Pavliukh. "Improving the photobioreactor operation efficiency in the technological scheme of wastewater treatment". Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, nr 10 (114) (29.12.2021): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.248746.
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Conventional process schemes of municipal sewage water treatment, advantages, and disadvantages of the methods applied when removing biogenic elements were considered. It was shown that the existing shortcomings cause additional explicit costs and difficulties when disposing of the resulting waste. Low efficiency of the removal processes themselves causing residual concentrations of biogenic elements in the treated sewage water was also shown. A process scheme for treating municipal sewage water was proposed. It includes the use of a photobioreactor of a proposed design for the removal of biogenic elements due to the metabolism of microalgae. It was experimentally shown that the use of Euglena gracilis strain for removal of phosphates in initial concentrations of 4, 7, and 14 mg/dm3 from sewage water is the most efficient way. It makes it possible to reduce these concentrations to residual 0…0.55 mg/dm3 in four days. A 3.75…5.58 times increment of microalgae biomass during this period was also shown. A mathematical model was constructed for calculating the time of staying the sewage water and microalgae mixture in a photobioreactor to achieve the required degree of removal of biogenic elements. Based on the proposed model and experimental studies, the required time of staying in the rector working area was calculated. It was shown that with the use of Euglena gracilis strain but without removal of biogenic elements at previous purification stages (process schemes including only mechanical purification), the time of mixture staying in the working zone was 37.81 hrs. With partial removal of biogenic elements at the stage of biological treatment (0.55 mg/dm3 total nitrogen, 0.91 mg/dm3 ammonium nitrogen, 0.44 mg/dm3 phosphates), this time was reduced to 26.66 hrs. It was found that the use of Euglena gracilis strain instead of Chlorella vulgaris (FC-16) in the removal of phosphates results in a 2-time increase in the process efficiency and a 50 % decrease in time of mixture staying in the working zone. Recommendations for calculating geometric parameters of photobioreactors of the proposed design were given for use in the process schemes
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Yun, Z., G. H. Yun, H. S. Lee i T. U. Yoo. "The variation of volatile fatty acid compositions in sewer length, and its effect on the process design of biological nutrient removal". Water Science and Technology 67, nr 12 (1.06.2013): 2753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.192.
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The potential of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) in biological nutrient removal (BNR) systems critically depends on the availability and types of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in sewage. Although the characteristics of VFAs in sewage are strongly related with the biochemical transformations in the sewer system, they have not been studied thoroughly in terms of BNR process design. We have investigated the characteristics of VFAs in influent of nine sewage treatment plants which represent typical small to very large sewer systems in Korea. We found that influent total VFACOD (VFA as chemical oxygen demand) concentrations ranged from 20.4 to 65.2 mg/L. Acetic acid was a predominant VFA in sewage, and the propionic acid (HPr) portion averaged 38.7% of total VFACOD. However the sewage from longer sewer systems showed more HPr content, indicating that type of VFA varied with the total sewer length. The finding is a particularly important consideration for BNR process design since availability of HPr positively behaved to suppress the unfavorable growth of glycogen-accumulating organisms. The implication of these findings for BNR process design is discussed in this paper.
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Shaddel, Sina, Hamidreza Bakhtiary-Davijany, Christian Kabbe, Farbod Dadgar i Stein Østerhus. "Sustainable Sewage Sludge Management: From Current Practices to Emerging Nutrient Recovery Technologies". Sustainability 11, nr 12 (21.06.2019): 3435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123435.
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Nutrient recovery from secondary resources, such as wastewater, has received increasing attention in recent years. Nutrient cycle sustainability and recycling approaches are important measures under development and considerations. This paper aims to present an overview of routes and technologies for nutrient recovery from sewage sludge and measures for improving their sustainability. First, current routes for nutrient recovery from sewage sludge are briefly reviewed. Next, an overview of commercial nutrient recovery technologies, projects, and emerging techniques around the world with the key factors for a successful phosphorus recovery technology is presented. Finally, a proposal for improving the sustainability of these practices is presented. It is concluded that the gap between demand and supply can be a major driver for the shift from ‘removal and treat’ to ‘recovery and reuse’. Moreover, there is not, and will never be, a one-size-fits-all solution. Future strategies and roadmaps need to be adapted to the local economy and geographical context more than ever.
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Mendoza, L., M. M. Aray-Andrade, R. Bermudez, J. Amaya, L. Zhang i C. Moreira. "Influence of volumetric loading rate on aerobic sewage treatment for indigenous algal growth". Water Science and Technology 80, nr 7 (1.10.2019): 1287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.377.
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Abstract Many rural areas of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region are economically depressed. Rural sewage treatment in most areas of LAC is deficient or non-existent. Consequently, the possibility of generating economic revenue from treated sewage is an attractive option for deprived areas of developing countries. Given its peculiar characteristics, rural sewage may be coupled with biological systems such as algae for nutrient cycling. Acceptable algae growth and nutrient elimination were obtained from rural sewage whose treatment may have fallen short of current disposal standards. In this study, aerobic systems working on an 8-month cycle at three different volumetric loading rates (Bv) were assessed in relation to the lifetime growth of three algae strains native to Ecuador. Results indicate Chlorella sp. M2 as the optimal algal strain, with the highest growth rate at Bv of 1 g COD L−1 d−1 and a removal of organic-N (30%), PO43–-P (87%) and NH4+-N (95%). Concomitantly, the kinetic constants of the sewage resulted in a low biomass yield coefficient, making the proposed system highly suitable for developing countries. Finally, the proposed partial recovery stream method, combining nutrient recovery with economic resource generation, appears to contain great potential.