Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Sewage – Purification – Nitrogen removal”
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1
Kalenik, Marek. "Badania modelowe skuteczności oczyszczania ścieków w piasku średnim z warstwą wspomagającą z hydro-antracytu". Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 28, nr 2 (10.07.2019): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2019.28.2.24.
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The model investigations of sewage purification were carried out in a medium sand bed with an assisting hydro-anthracite layer with thickness of 0.10 and 0.20 m. It has been observed that the effectiveness of sewage purification related to basic qualitative parameters (total suspended solids – TSS, BOD5, COD, total nitrogen, total phosphorus) is in accordance with the Polish standards on sewage disposal into grounds and surface water. It has been stated that the medium sand soil bed with the 0.20-meter thick assisting hydro-anthracite layer shows higher effectiveness of sewage purification than the 0.10 m thick assisting layer. This application in the medium sand soil bed increased the removal efficiency regarding TSS by 3.1%, total nitrogen by 29.4%, ammonia nitrogen by 1.2% and total phosphorus by 23.0%, and reduction efficiency regarding BOD5 by 1.5% and COD by 11.3% with relation to the 0.10-meter thick assisting hydro-anthracite layer (all percentages – in average). The investigations confirm that the hydro-anthracite with the granulation of 1.8–2.5 mm can be used to assist in removal of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from sewages
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Ma, Chao, Hui Ding, Yi Chao Sun i Xiao Wen Deng. "Removal of Nutrients from Saline Waste Sewage with Different Vertical-Flow Constructed Wetland Substrates". Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (październik 2011): 1189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.1189.
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In order to find the best substrates of constructed wetlands for saline waste sewage treatment, Bio-ceramic, quartz sand, zeolite and medical stone were used as filtering media for saline sewage treatment with proper proportion microbe, isolated from the sewage of the Wuqing sewage treatment plant. In this paper, the purification of the vertical-flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) with different substrates was studied, and the component of the nitrogen in the influent and effluent was analyzed. The concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia (NH4+-N), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and the salinity of the influent during the experimental period were 150mg•L-1, 36 mg•L-1, 8mg•L-1, 36mg•L-1and 1.6%. Under the condition that the hydraulic loading rate was 0.25m•d-1, the average removal efficiency of COD, TP and TN were obtained about 68.81%, 32.01% and 20.72 %, respectively with Bio-ceramic; 61.92%, 31.75% and 34.33%, respectively with quartz sands; 69.47%, 35.44% and 55.28% , respectively with zeolite; and 64.77%, 32.63% and 34.72%, respectively with medical stone. This result proves that comprehensive purification of the system with zeolite is the best.
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Xing, Chuanjie, Xiangxi Xu, Zhenghe Xu, Rongzhen Wang i Lirong Xu. "Study on the Decontamination Effect of Biochar-Constructed Wetland under Different Hydraulic Conditions". Water 13, nr 7 (25.03.2021): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13070893.
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To explore the purification effect of biochar-constructed wetlands on rural domestic sewage, six types of biochar-constructed wetlands were constructed for experiments. Under different hydraulic conditions, the removal effects of each biochar-constructed wetland on chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in sewage were analyzed. The results showed that the removal rates of the four types of pollutants in each biochar-constructed wetland first increased and then decreased with the increase in hydraulic retention time, and the optimal hydraulic retention time range was 36–48 h. The highest removal rates of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the wetland were 97.34 ± 0.84%, 95.44 ± 1.29%, 98.95 ± 0.52%, and 97.78 ± 0.91%, respectively. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate of each biochar-constructed wetland increased first, then decreased with the increase in hydraulic load, and the optimal hydraulic load was 10 cm/d. The removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus of each biochar-constructed wetland gradually weakened with the increase in hydraulic load, and the optimal hydraulic load range was between 5 and 10 cm/d. Under these conditions, the highest removal rates of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the wetland were 92.15 ± 2.39%, 98.32 ± 0.48%, 96.69 ± 1.26%, and 92.62 ± 2.92%, respectively. Coconut shell and shell-constructed wetlands with the highest proportion of biochar in the matrix have the best removal effect on pollutants under different hydraulic conditions, and the wastewater purification effect is stronger, indicating that the addition of biochar is helpful for the removal of pollutants in constructed wetlands.
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Zhang, Dong Xia, Qi Liu i Yong Ming Zhang. "Treating Effect of Potassium Ferrate to Aquaculture Recirculating Water". Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (sierpień 2014): 1005–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.1005.
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Aquaculture waste water was a major sewage resource, and recirculating aquaculture is an important mode of aquaculture development. Potassium ferrate is a novel sewage treatment agent and the use of potassium ferrate as a aquaculture recirculating water purification agents had a very important significance in the theoretical and practical application. When the amount of potassium ferrate is 8mg / L, the removal rate of the total number of colonies is 98.8%, the removal rate of COD is 92.16%, 98.78%, and sulfide is 98.42%. For the total amount of ammonia and nitrite also has a certain effect, when the amount of potassium ferrate is 12mg / L, the nitrite removal rate was 44.61%, total ammonia nitrogen removal rate was 23.61%.
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Shui, Yong Hong, Jian Li, Xil Ning Feng, Xue Jun Jiang, Qiao Qiao Li i Ai She Shui. "Nitrogen Removal along Vertical direction by Plant Biological Membrane System". Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (czerwiec 2014): 2463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2463.
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Based on the equipment of integrated constructed wetlands (ICWs) with independent intellectual property rights. Plant biological membrane system (PBMS) was constructed to purify nitrogen of sanitary sewage. PBMS includes palm silk, non-woven and floating plant (Trifolium repens L.). Total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) was investigated to evaluate the effects of the layered purification and resistance to the outside impact. The results showed that layered purification occurred along the flowing vertical direction. The average removal rate of TN, NH3-N and total dissolved solids was 65.6%, 60.7% and 38.7%, respectively. The TN and NH3-N removal load of the lower, middle and upper layer were 1.0, 0.8, 0.7g/ (m2.d) and 0.8, 0.8, 0.3g/ (m2.d), respectively. The higher concentration of inflow the stronger resists impact load capability. The TN and NH3-N average removal load of the lower, middle and upper layer were 4.1, 1.88, 1.57 times and 3.13, 1.25, 1 time than those of the stable phase, respectively.
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Tsytlishvili, Kateryna. "Experimental Investigations of Removal of Phosphorus Compounds from Wastewater under Biological Purification". Key Engineering Materials 925 (11.07.2022): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-p0fnoc.
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Today, most surface waters of Ukraine are eutrophied due to the entry into water bodies of a significant amount of nutrients – compounds of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen and phosphorus enter water bodies with wastewater, sewage from agricultural lands and livestock farms, as well as with precipitation, due to the decomposition of water biomass, aquatic vegetation and zoocenoses. In the presence of free carbon dioxide (the concentration of which depends on bicarbonate alkalinity and water pH) and at certain rates of biochemical oxygen utilization (BOD) 7.2 g of nitrogen and 1 g of phosphorus produce 115 g of algae, which decomposition then consumes 115 g of oxygen [1].
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Zhou, Weijian, Wenzhong Liang, Yining Ding, Yutao Lei, Zhihua Pang i Zhipeng Zhuang. "Engineering Example of Compact Type Sewage Treatment Plant". E3S Web of Conferences 145 (2020): 02052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014502052.
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Considering the land shortage features of a given district in Hangzhou city, the High-sludge sedimentation tank + denitrification filtering tank + nitrification filtering tank + cloth media filtering tank process is adopted for purification treatment. When the system (with the treatment scale of 15,000m3/d) runs for 60 days, the average removal rate of COD and ammoniacal nitrogen are 86% and 96% respectively and the effluent quality reach the quasi grade IV standard.
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Shamanskyi, Sergii, Sergii Boichenko, Viktoria Khrutba, Olena Barabash, Iryna Shkilniuk, Anna Yakovlieva, Petro Topilnyckyi i Lesia Pavliukh. "Improving the photobioreactor operation efficiency in the technological scheme of wastewater treatment". Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, nr 10 (114) (29.12.2021): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.248746.
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Conventional process schemes of municipal sewage water treatment, advantages, and disadvantages of the methods applied when removing biogenic elements were considered. It was shown that the existing shortcomings cause additional explicit costs and difficulties when disposing of the resulting waste. Low efficiency of the removal processes themselves causing residual concentrations of biogenic elements in the treated sewage water was also shown. A process scheme for treating municipal sewage water was proposed. It includes the use of a photobioreactor of a proposed design for the removal of biogenic elements due to the metabolism of microalgae. It was experimentally shown that the use of Euglena gracilis strain for removal of phosphates in initial concentrations of 4, 7, and 14 mg/dm3 from sewage water is the most efficient way. It makes it possible to reduce these concentrations to residual 0…0.55 mg/dm3 in four days. A 3.75…5.58 times increment of microalgae biomass during this period was also shown. A mathematical model was constructed for calculating the time of staying the sewage water and microalgae mixture in a photobioreactor to achieve the required degree of removal of biogenic elements. Based on the proposed model and experimental studies, the required time of staying in the rector working area was calculated. It was shown that with the use of Euglena gracilis strain but without removal of biogenic elements at previous purification stages (process schemes including only mechanical purification), the time of mixture staying in the working zone was 37.81 hrs. With partial removal of biogenic elements at the stage of biological treatment (0.55 mg/dm3 total nitrogen, 0.91 mg/dm3 ammonium nitrogen, 0.44 mg/dm3 phosphates), this time was reduced to 26.66 hrs. It was found that the use of Euglena gracilis strain instead of Chlorella vulgaris (FC-16) in the removal of phosphates results in a 2-time increase in the process efficiency and a 50 % decrease in time of mixture staying in the working zone. Recommendations for calculating geometric parameters of photobioreactors of the proposed design were given for use in the process schemes
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Andersson, C., M. Tendaj i M. Rothman. "Filtration at Bromma Sewage Treatment Plant". Water Science and Technology 25, nr 4-5 (1.02.1992): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0481.
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The requirements for purification of the sewage will be more stringent in Sweden. For the three plants in Stockholm - Henriksdal, Bromma and Loudden the proposed limit concentrations for BOD7, total phosphorus and total nitrogen are 10, 0.3 and 15 respectively. A limit value of 0.3 mg/l of phosphorus in the effluent will require a filtration stage. In this paper results are presented from filter tests at Bromma sewage treatment plant. The tests were carried out during almost two years and included operation of different types of sand dual-media downflow filters and an upflow filter. The filters were tested with respect to sludge accumulation capacity, suspended solids removal and phosphorus removal at different operation conditions including chemical precipitation in the filters.
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Yan, Min, Jian Zhang, Xiaoguo Wang i Xin Lu. "Performance of a Tower-Shaped Integrated Ecological Purification Device for Pollutants Removal from Domestic Sewage in Rural Areas". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 24 (18.12.2022): 17014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192417014.
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With the continuous development of China’s modern economy and agricultural society, the discharge of rural sewage has been recognized as a major threat to the safety of the rural ecological environment. This study discussed the purification efficiency of a tower-shaped integrated ecological purification device (TIEPD)—consisting of a measuring tank, detention tank and three-stage purification unit—towards various common pollutants in rural areas during operation and tested the stability and efficiency of the TIEPD under different rural life events (fair activity days and nonfair activity days) and different precipitation intensities (light rain, moderate rain and heavy rain). The results showed that the average removal efficiencies of the TIEPD towards chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 69%, 67%, 54% and 73%, respectively. The average effluent concentration of each pollutant can meet the standard of the discharge of pollutants in China. The system exhibited good stability in removing pollutants and good ecological and economic benefits. This study provides the treatment of domestic sewage in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and in mountainous areas of China and strengthens the prevention and control of rural nonpoint source pollution.
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Liu, Xia, Guohui Ning, Jianzhi Xie, Chunjing Liu i Ming Li. "Purification efficiency of zeolite and two planted grasses on sewage and relationship with carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus ratios in simulated constructed wetland system". Water Science and Technology 78, nr 3 (23.07.2018): 545–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.325.
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Abstract For achieving the economical and efficient configuration of constructed wetlands (CWs), a simulated device of vertical flow CWs was used to investigate the effects of different volume ratios of substrates to two cold-resistant plants on pollutant concentrations as well as their ratios in effluent under different inflow domestic sewage concentrations. The average removal rates (ARRs) of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus were 82.7%, 84.9% and 80.6% respectively in the treatments with zeolite but no plants, which increased by 22.6%, 20.8% and 14.9% compared with those without zeolite and plants. However, in the treatments with zeolite and planted grasses, the ARRs of the three pollutants were over 90%, and those of chemical oxygen demand were lower. The removal rates of ammonia nitrogen, TN and total phosphorus had negative correlations with C:N and N:P ratios and positive correlations with the C:P ratios. Increasing the ratio of zeolite to soil from 1:1 to 2:1 had no significant effects in the removal efficiency. It was suggested that planting Lolium perenne or Poa annua on the substrate with a zeolite to soil volume ratio of 1:1 could be considered as the optimum combination to purify the domestic sewage in north rural areas of China.
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Zhong, Fei, Juan Wu, Yanran Dai, Dongfang Xiang, Shuiping Cheng i Hongjiu Ji. "Performance evaluation of wastewater treatment using horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands optimized by micro-aeration and substrate selection". Water Science and Technology 71, nr 9 (21.02.2015): 1317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.090.
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The effects of micro-aeration and substrate selection on domestic sewage treatment performance were explored using three pairs (with or without micro-aeration) of horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands (CWs) filled with zeolite, ceramsite or quartz granules. The individual and combined effects of micro-aeration and substrate selection on the purification performance of the experimental-scale HSSF CWs were evaluated. The results showed that micro-aeration significantly increased the treatment efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus (TP), ortho-phosphate (PO43−-P) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) using HSSF CWs, while the substrate selection significantly affected the TP, PO43−-P and NH4+-N removal efficiencies (p < 0.05). A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that there was a significant interaction term (i.e. micro-aeration × substrate selection) for NH4+-N removal (p < 0.05). Among the three substrates, ceramsite was the best substrate for the treatment of domestic sewage using HSSF CWs. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that a ceramsite-filled HSSF CW with micro-aeration could be the optimal configuration for decentralized domestic sewage treatment.
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Yin, Shu Hua, Yu Chun Wang, Wen Qi Peng, Yan Liang Du, Bo Gao, Ji Jun Gao, Huai Dong Zhou, Qing Yi Meng i Qi Jun Li. "Urban River Water Purification Experiment by Strengthening Ecological Engineering Methods". Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (lipiec 2014): 1341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.1341.
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Based on the biological purification technology combined with the engineering measures, the enhanced nitrogen purification biological experiment is implemented in Wenyu River in Beijing. The water in the river mainly is the outflow from the sewage treatment plant, in which the ammonium (NH4-N) has been effectively removed for the deeply nitrification, while treatment of the nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and total nitrogen (TN) is incomplete due to the denitrification. The water has low C/N value and has poor biodegradability. In this study, aiming at the water feature of low C/N and poor biodegradability, the effective way to strengthen denitrification by some enhanced techniques, such as increasing the microorganisms number and biodegradability (ie, improved nitrogen ratio), changing denitrification rates and so on, has been studied. The experimental results show that under the condition of water flow (Q) as 15 ~ 27L/hr, hydraulic detention time as (HRT) 10 ~ 18h, concentration of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) as 12.20 ~ 31.44mg / L, and total nitrogen (TN) as 14.50 ~ 34.71 mg / L, the removal rates of NO3-N and TN are over 30%.
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Pawęska, Katarzyna, Aleksandra Bawiec i Krzysztof Pulikowski. "Wastewater treatment in submerged aerated biofilter under condition of high ammonium concentration". Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 24, nr 3 (1.09.2017): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2017-0029.
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Abstract Treatment of wastewater produced in Service Areas (SA) located on expressways and highways is a worldwide problem because of increasing amount of roads and specific composition of those kinds of sewage. Insufficient removal of pollutants from wastewater discharged into surface water may cause serious environmental problems. In the present study efficiency of treatment of wastewater with high ammonium concentration in biological membrane system used on SA was investigated. Concentrations of ammonia nitrogen in wastewater flowing into bioreactor in none of the tested objects did not fall below 99.0 mg of N-NH4·dm−3. Because of high ammonium content in sewage and high pH reaching value about 9, it is almost impossible to create favorable conditions for microorganisms that run purification processes resulting in low efficiency of phosphorus and nitrogen removal (reduction of biogenic compounds did not exceed 15%). Treatment of wastewater consisting mainly of urine with commonly used biological membrane technology has to be widely tested to perform suitable quality of discharged wastewater, to provide safety of surface water environment.
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Hultgren, J., I. Möllersten i L. G. Reinius. "Introduction of Deep Oxic/Anoxic Tanks at Hendriksdal Sewage Treatment Plant to Increase the Capacity". Water Science and Technology 23, nr 10-12 (1.05.1991): 1783–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0633.
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The requirements for purification of sewage will be more stringent in Sweden in the future. For Henriksdal sewage treatment plant situated in rock, the proposed limit concentrations for BOD7, total phosphorus and total nitrogen are 10, 0.3 and 14 mg/l respectively as an average over the year. For nitrogen removal in the plant, the volumes of the biological stage have to be increased from about 70 000 m3 today to about 200 000 m3 in the future. There is space available in the rock for only a few new aeration and sedimentation tanks. To achieve adequate volumes, the aeration tanks must be deepened from 5 to 12 m. This paper provides a brief information about the ideas for extension, the investigations on pilot plant scale with operation of deep aeration tanks and the design of the future plant.
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Yeh, T. Y., i C. H. Wu. "Pollutant removal within hybrid constructed wetland systems in tropical regions". Water Science and Technology 59, nr 2 (1.01.2009): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.846.
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Hybrid constructed wetlands have received tremendous interests for water quality enhancement due to insufficient sewage treatment and groundwater deterioration in Taiwan. The main objectives of this study were to investigate pollutant removal efficiencies and mechanisms within field-scale hybrid natural purification systems. The studied hybrid constructed wetland systems include an oxidation pond, two serial surface flow wetlands with a cascade in between, and a subsurface flow wetland receiving secondary treated dormitory sewage. The average SS, BOD and COD percent removal efficiency was 86.7, 86.5 and 57.8%, respectively. The ratio of BOD to COD decreased from 0.65 in the initial aerobic compartment to 0.21 in anoxic parts of the systems, indicating most biological degradable materials were decomposed in the aerobic oxidation pond and surface flow wetlands. Heavy metal removal percentages of copper and zinc were 72.9 and 68.3%, respectively. Sedimentation and plant uptake are the possible sinks for metals retention. Significant phosphorus removal was not achieved in this study. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and ammonium decreased from 4.08 to 1.43 and 3.74 to 1.21 mg/L, respectively, while nitrate nitrogen increased from 1.91 to 3.85 mg/L within the aerobic oxidation pond and surface flow wetlands. This result demonstrated nitrification occurring within aerobic compartments. The nitrate nitrogen continued to decrease from 3.85 to 1.43 mg/L within the anoxic subsurface wetlands mainly through denitrification transformation. Total nitrogen removal was from 7.61 to 3.61 mg/L, with the percentage removal of total nitrogen around 52.6%. The primary nitrogen removal and transformation mechanisms within the studied wetland systems were nitrification within aerobic followed by denitrificaiton within anaerobic systems. The emergent macrophytes enhance aeration through oxygen transferring that attributing the higher organic matter removal and nitrification rate. The hybrid wetland systems are viable options of pollutants transformation and removal in tropical countries, while tertiary wastewater systems are too costly or unable to operate. Effluent of purified systems can comply with local surface water criteria rendering for groundwater recharge.
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Wang, Hongqiang, i Lieyu Zhang. "Effect of phosphorus on nitrogen migration and transformation in deep subsurface wastewater infiltration systems". Water Science and Technology 76, nr 11 (1.09.2017): 3086–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.483.
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Abstract This paper investigates the effect of phosphorus on nitrogen migration and transformation during the sewage purification processes in deep subsurface wastewater infiltration systems. Good performance was achieved with a hydraulic loading rate of 0.1 m3/m2·d, indicating that the effluent water quality could meet the primary grade A values as put forth by the ‘Cities Sewage Treatment Plant Pollutant Discharge Standard’ (GB18918-2002). In addition, the results of three inflow total phosphorus (TP) concentrations (5 mg L−1, 15 mg L−1, and 30 mg L−1) indicated that high-levels of phosphorus were more advantageous in regards to improving the activity of denitrifying bacteria in soil and strengthening the effect of nitrogen removal, suggesting that the effluent total nitrogen (TN) concentration could meet the primary grade A standard (TN ≤ 15 mg L−1). It was further observed that soil depth was less crucial when inflow TP concentrations were higher. Therefore, the results indicated that inflow phosphorus concentrations could greatly influence nitrogen migration and transformation in deep subsurface wastewater infiltration systems.
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Wu, Yi, Jun Dai, Qiong Wan, Guobin Tian i Dongyang Wei. "Purification of Urban Sewage River Using a Biological Aerated Filter with Sponge Iron and Ceramsite Mixed Fillers". Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (27.12.2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8862903.
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Filler plays an important role in biological sewage treatment technology. In the purification of urban sewage river, the single sponge iron filler is easy to harden. The combination of sponge iron and ceramsite can hinder the hardening and improve the removal efficiency. In this paper, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the fillers. The removal efficiency experiments were carried out through the self-designed biological aerated filter (BAF) reactor with sponge iron and ceramsite mixed fillers, and the microorganisms attached to the surface of the biological fillers were qualitatively and quantitatively identified through 16S rDNA. The results indicate that the presence of Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Fe3C, and Fe2CO3 in sponge iron determines that sponge iron has strong reducibility and provides electrons for efficient denitrification. NaAlSi3O8 in ceramsite filler plays a significant role in phosphorus adsorption. In #3, #4, and #5 reactors (the mass ratios of sponge iron and ceramsite were 1 : 1, 3 : 1, and 1 : 3, resp.), the removal efficiencies of mixed fillers are good on chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), and nitrogen (N), and the more the ceramsite fillers in the reactors are, the higher the microbial abundance and diversity are. The mixture of sponge iron and ceramsite can be used to purify urban sewage river. A scientific basis to purify the polluted water body of urban rivers in situ is thus provided.
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Nyberg, U., H. Aspegren, B. Andersson, J. la C. Jansen i I. S. Villadsen. "Full-Scale Application of Nitrogen Removal with Methanol as Carbon Source". Water Science and Technology 26, nr 5-6 (1.09.1992): 1077–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0549.
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In Sweden many advanced sewage treatment plants for BOD and phosphorus removal have to be extended with nitrogen removal. Due to existing plant configuration and wastewater composition, denitrification with supply of an external carbon source can be a cost-effective solution in many cases. At the Klagshamn wastewater treatment plant in Malmo investigations for extensive nitrogen removal have been made in a single-sludge system with pre-precipitation and post-denitrification where methanol was added for denitrification. Results from the tests showed that a high level of nitrogen removal can be reached, and that the process was stable and easy to operate. The process application gave less supplementary cost for an extended nitrogen removal than for upgrading the plant with larger basin volumes. In order to examine the purification performance caused by the addition of methanol, the starting period was followed extensively with online nitrate sensors and daily composite samples. The development of the denitrif ication capacity of the sludge with methanol and acetate as carbon sources was followed and microbiological changes were examined microscopically. Complete denitrification was obtained after approximately one month at 10°C. The denitrification capacity of the sludge with methanol reached that of acetate after about the same time. The microscopic examination revealed a growing population of budding and/or appendaged bacteria, presumably Hyphomicrobium spp, reaching a stable maximum at the time when optimal nitrate removal occurred.
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YANG, RUILAN, JING LI, LUYAO WEI-XIE i LIN SHAO. "Oligotrophic Nitrification and Denitrification Bacterial Communities in a Constructed Sewage Treatment Ecosystem and Nitrogen Removal of Delftia tsuruhatensis NF4". Polish Journal of Microbiology 69, nr 1 (11.03.2020): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2020-013.
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Oligotrophic nitrifiers and denitrifiers play important roles in the removal of nitrogen from wastewater. Here, we studied the dominant bacterial populations of the sewage treatment ecosystem (STE) water from different processes and those of culture on oligotrophic heterotrophic nitrification (OHN) medium and oligotrophic aerobic denitrification (OAD) medium, using co-analysis of Illumina HiSeq DNA sequencing and traditional culture methods. The results showed that the STE water had no dominant population of oligotrophic nitrifiers or oligotrophic denitrifiers. However, after culturing on OHN medium and OAD medium, the core genera Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, and Acinetobacter that have the nitrogen removal capacity in oligotrophic environments, dominated in the bacterial community. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the bacterial community in the constructed rapid infiltration (CRI) effluent water of STE had high similarity with those of cultures on OHN medium and OAD medium, which prompt the special purification role of nitrogen in the CRI system. The sodium alginate immobilized OAD bacteria strain Delftia tsuruhatensis NF4 was isolated from the CRI system, with total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of 43.3% in sterilized STE influent water, and 60.1% in OAD medium on day three. The immobilization significantly influenced the TN and nitrate removal efficiency in OAD medium (p < 0.05), but not in sterilized STE influent water (p > 0.05). This study would lay the foundation for resource discovery of oligotrophic heterotrophic nitrifiers and aerobic denitrifiers in STE and further functional application of them on the bioremediation of wastewater.
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Peng, Wan Ting, Lin Zou, Jin Wang i Yuan Zhi Pan. "Studies on Effects of Several Wetland Plants on Eutrophic Water Purification". Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (październik 2011): 1180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.1180.
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Effectiveness of combinations of seven different ecotypes of wetland plants including Thalia dealbata, Iris tectorum, Acorus calamus,Zizania aquatica, Nymphaea tetragona,Georgi, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Thalia dealbata purifying water was investigated by hydrostatic simulation experiment method. The research showed that combinations of various wetland plants had significant purification effects on eutrophic water body, plant community was stable, and plants grew well. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal efficiencies of various combinations were higher than 97%, and 25.9% higher than that of the blank control group; the average highest total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency of plant combinations was 97.6%. Compared with COD and TP, Total nitrogen( TN)removal efficiency was lower, ranging from 90.4% to 83.1%.Different wetland plants had different purification effectiveness for different pollutant. The combination N+Z+A+ZI had the highest TNremoval efficiency, reaching 90.4%. Combinations N+Z+A+ZI and N+Z respectively won the first and second place in the disposal of TP,reaching 99.68%, 99.34%. For Chemical Oxygen Demand COD removal, the combination N+Z+C+T did the best and the highest removal efficiency reached 97.6%. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to select the following combinations with stronger capacities of removing N and P in sewage: N+Z+A+ZI, N+Z, N+Z+C+T. They can be promoted and applied in purification of eutrophic water body in ecological projects.
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Ling, Zhen, Ju Rui Yang i Zhe Nai Lu. "Research on the Effect of Sewage Concentration on Treatment Efficiency of Constructed Wetlands". Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (październik 2011): 1510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.1510.
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By changing the surface flow(SF) and subsurface flow (SSF)constructed wetlands inflow water total nitrogen (TN) concentrations, with 6 plant species (purple leaf canna, water onion, water hyacinth, water celery, calamus, reed) in comparative experiments, comparative analysis of the 6 different SF and SSF constructed wetlands treatment rate with the variation of the concentration obtained in the 6 different plant SF and SSF constructed wetlands, the optimal concentration theory, theory of optimal removal rate, the actual optimal concentration, the actual optimal removal rate and TN maximum daily processing load. The results showed that: in the 6 different plant of SF and SSF constructed wetlands for TN removal efficiency decreased as the concentration increased, different plant, different levels of treatment rate reduction, and removal value of SSF was lower than SF. Purple leaf canna removal reduced the minimum, SF processing rate decreased 17.07%, SSF dropped 15.94%; Reed removal rate decreased obviously, the SF processing rate decreased 20.86%, SSF dropped 18.2%. Meanwhile, according to the result of the experiment, the maximum TN daily remove quantity in the six species of plants of SF constructed wetland was 547.20 g•m-2•d-1;in SSF constructed wetland was 577.60 g•m-2•d-1. Wetland as an efficient, low consumption of new sewage treatment technology has been widely accepted, especially in total nitrogen (TN) in the application phase for the people attention. Study found that of nitrogen removal efficiency of constructed wetlands and external factors, a wetland substrate, plant species, microbes, sewage load, residence time, nitrogen in sewage and water distribution methods[1]. For the wastewater load on the removal of wetlands, Zhou Yaohua so that low concentration of domestic sewage (20% water) on the ground flora as a whole more effective than a higher concentration of the decontamination wastewater (100% effluent) better overall removal [2]. Cui Fang water residence time in the study of the impact of decontamination capability of wetlands that the reed wetland water CODcr, TP, NH3-N concentration had little effect on the removal, and TN concentrations had a significant effect on the removal, removal of only 27% [3], Yuan Donghai and others that wetlands on the initial concentration of pollutants in wastewater have certain requirements, low pollution case, the constructed wetland was better; higher concentration of pollutants cases, the purification efficiency dropped [4]. Effluent decontamination effect on the wetland will have some impact, at present, domestic and international research to a single species of plants, mainly a single type of wetland, considering the different plants, different types of comparative study of wetlands was less. By changing SF and SSF constructed wetlands, inflow water TN concentrations, with 6 plant speciesin comparative experiments, comparative analysis of the 6 different plants of SF and SSF constructed wetlands treatment rate with the variation of the concentration obtained in 6 different plant SF and SSF constructed wetlands, the optimal concentration theory, theory of optimal removal rate, the actual optimal concentration, optimal removal rate and the actual TN maximum daily processing load, optimizing the hydraulic conditions of wetlands. Research on the promotion of artificial wetland technology, further development of eco-environmental rehabilitation has a certain significance
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Li, Yong, Siyuan Zhao, Jiejie Zhang, Yang He, Jianqiang Zhang i Rong Ge. "Screening and Diversity Analysis of Aerobic Denitrifying Phosphate Accumulating Bacteria Cultivated from A2O Activated Sludge". Processes 7, nr 11 (7.11.2019): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7110827.
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The aerobic denitrifying phosphate accumulating bacteria (ADPB) use NO3− as an electron acceptor and remove nitrate by denitrification and concomitant uptake of excessive phosphorus in aerobic conditions. Activated sludge was collected from the A2O aerobic biological pool of the sewage treatment plant at Hezuo Town, Chengdu City. The candidate ADPB strains were obtained by cultivation in the enriched denitrification media, followed by repeated isolation and purification on bromothymol blue (BTB) solid plates. The obtained candidates were further screened for ADPB strains by phosphorus uptake experiment, nitrate reduction test, metachromatic granules staining, and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) staining. The 16 sedimentation ribosome deoxyribonucleic acid (16 S rDNA) molecular technique was used to determine their taxonomy. Further, the denitrification and dephosphorization capacities of ADPB strains were ascertained through their growth characteristics in nitrogen-phosphorus-rich liquid media. The results revealed a total of 25 ADPB strains screened from the activated sludge of the A2O aerobic biological pool of the sewage treatment plant at Hezuo Town. These strains belonged to two classes, four orders, and five genera. Among them, the strain SW18NP2 was a potentially new species in the Acinetobacter genus, while the strain SW18NP24 was a potential new species in the Pseudomonas genus at the time of their characterization. The Acinetobacter was the dominant genus. The obtained ADPB strains demonstrated a rich diversity. The ADPB strains had significant variations in denitrification and dephosphorization capacities. Twenty-three strains exhibited a total phosphorus removal rate of above 50%, and 19 strains exhibited a total nitrogen removal rate of above 50%. The strain SW18NP2 showed the best denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPR) capacity, with a dephosphorization rate of 82.32% and a denitrification rate of 73.73%. The ADPB in the A2O aerobic biological pool of the sewage treatment plant at Hezuo Town demonstrated a rich diversity and a strong DPR capacity.
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Wang, Li, Jiafeng Fu, Wenlei Wang, Yutong Song i Yan Li. "Effect of the ammonia concentration on the performance of wetland microbial fuel cells". E3S Web of Conferences 269 (2021): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126901002.
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This work explores the effect of the ammonia concentration on the wetland synthesis of microbial fuel cell (MFC) and on the production and the efficiency of sewage purification. Four ammonia concentrations from 1 to 30 mg/L have been selected. Under the fixed condition of a chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 200 mg/L, a constructed wetland microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) could be built. The results show that by selecting the optimum ammonia concentration the production of the CW-MFC could be promoted; a higher ammonia concentration (>20 mg/L) is found to inhibit the production activity of CW-MFC. In the optimum conditions, Cathode and anode thickness is 10 cm, the ammonia concentration is 10 mg/L, the COD concentration of 200 mg/L, the maximum power density of the battery is 13.6 W/m3, the corresponding current density is 148.6 A/m3 and the battery internal resistance is 270 Ω. At the ammonia nitrogen concentration of 10 mg/L, the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and COD were up to 89.7% and 98.47% respectively. As the ammonia nitrogen concentration increased to 30 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen and COD removal rates decreased to 74.6% and 90.69% respectively. That is, when the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 10 mg/L, CW-MFC can exhibit the best performance.
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Wang, Cheng Duan, i Hai Xia Fu. "Effect of Hydraulic Loading on Removal Efficiency of the Folds Stable Surface Flow Wetland". Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (październik 2011): 1055–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.1055.
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Three folds stable surface flow wetlands (FSSFWs) were operated at different hydraulic loadings of 0.80, 0.53 and 0.27m3/ (m2•d) to treat the decentralized domestic sewage. And we investigated the effect of the hydraulic loading rate (HLR) on the removal efficiency of FSSFWs by measuring five indicators of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium (NH3-N), total phosphorus (TP) and suspended substance (SS). The research results indicated that the hydraulic loading had great impact on the removal efficiency of FSSFWs, and was looked upon as one crucial factor for FSSFWs design. The removal efficiency of FSSFWs presented a downward trend in various degrees along with the increase of hydraulic loading. Also the hydraulic loading had greater influences on the removal rate of NH3-N and TN than COD, TP and SS. Considering the operation costs, the treatment capacity and the purification effect in this experiment, we could ensure the efficient and stable operation of FSSFWs with HLR at 0.53 m3/ (m2•d) and HRT at 0.4 m3•d-1, which were the most appropriate options.
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Bai, Xueyuan, Xianfang Zhu, Haibo Jiang, Zhongqiang Wang, Chunguang He, Lianxi Sheng i Jie Zhuang. "Purification Effect of Sequential Constructed Wetland for the Polluted Water in Urban River". Water 12, nr 4 (8.04.2020): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041054.
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Constructed wetlands can play an active role in improving the water quality of urban rivers. In this study, a sequential series system of the floating-bed constructed wetland (FBCW), horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSFCW), and surface flow constructed wetland (SFCW) were constructed for the urban river treatment in the cold regions of North China, which gave full play to the combined advantages. In the Yitong River, the designed capacity and the hydraulic loading of the system was 100 m3/d and 0.10 m3/m2d, respectively. The hydraulic retention time was approximately 72 h. The monitoring results, from April to October in 2016, showed the multiple wetland ecosystem could effectively remove chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphate (TP), and suspended solids (SS) at average removal rates of 74.79%, 80.90%, 71.12%, 78.44%, and 91.90%, respectively. The removal rate of SS in floating-bed wetland was the largest among all the indicators (80.24%), which could prevent the block of sub-surface flow wetland effectively. The sub-surface flow wetland could remove the NH4-N, TN, and TP effectively, and the contribution rates were 79.20%, 64.64%, and 81.71%, respectively. The surface flow wetland could further purify the TN and the removal rate of TN could reach 23%. The total investment of this ecological engineering was $12,000. The construction cost and the operation cost were $120 and $0.02 per ton of polluted water, which was about 1/3 to 1/5 and 1/6 to 1/3 of the conventional sewage treatment, respectively. The results of this study provide a technical demonstration of the restoration of polluted water in urban rivers in northern China.
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Song, Siyuan, Benfa Liu, Wenjuan Zhang, Penghe Wang, Yajun Qiao, Dehua Zhao, Tangwu Yang, Shuqing An i Xin Leng. "Performance of a large-scale wetland treatment system in treating tailwater from a sewage treatment plant". Marine and Freshwater Research 69, nr 5 (2018): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17203.
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Water quality standards pertaining to effluent from sewage treatment plants (STPs) in China have become more stringent, requiring upgrading of STPs and entailing huge capital expenditure. Wetland treatment systems (WTSs) are a low-cost and highly efficient approach for deep purification of tailwater from STPs. The Hongze WTS (HZ-WTS), a large-scale surface-flow constructed wetland, with a total area of 55.58ha and a treatment capacity of 4×104m3day–1, was built for the disposal of tailwater from STPs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of HZ-WTP with regard to seasonal variations and to compare treatment costs with those of other STPs. The performance of the HZ-WTS was evaluated in 2013 using online monitoring. HZ-WTS exhibited significant removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), chemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus (mean±s.d., percentage removal efficiency 56.33±70.44, 55.64±18.58 and 88.44±22.71% respectively), whereas there was significant seasonal variation in the efficiency of NH4+-N removal. In addition, the average treatment cost was ¥0.17m–3, significantly lower than the corresponding value for other STPs. Therefore, WTSs are recommended for use with STPs in order to improve waste water quality in a cost-effective manner.
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Liu, Jiakai, Jinglan Liu, Rong Zhang, Yuqi Zou, Huihui Wang i Zhenming Zhang. "Impacts of aquatic macrophytes configuration modes on water quality". Water Science and Technology 69, nr 2 (24.10.2013): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.573.
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Constructed wetland technology is regarded as an important ecological restoration technology and used widely in sewage disposal. In order to give them a wider scope of application and to improve their performance in water restoration, the current experiment was designed. Four aquatic macrophytes (dwarf cattail (TM), yellow-flowered iris (WI), water shallot (ST) and watermifoil (MS)) were picked and planted in artificial floating islands (AFIs) in different configurations (TM + WI, ST + MS and TM + WI + MS) and two patterns, radiation pattern (RP) and annular pattern (AP), for a 60-day experiment. Then, water quality and growth were monitored every 10 days. The results indicate that the different configurations performed diversely on waste water purification. First, a composite plant configuration removed more pollutant than a single one with the same total increment of biomass. Second, the plant configuration of MS + ST was most effective in total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) or PO43− removal, and TM + IW + MS was good at chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NO3− removal. However, different patterns comprised from the same species had a certain effect on absorption of pollutants. Generally speaking, plant configurations with a RP were better than an AP in purification. Accordingly, these provided the methods for the pollution wetland restoration.
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Chen, Xinyi, Fei Zhong, Yue Chen, Juan Wu i Shuiping Cheng. "The Interaction Effects of Aeration and Plant on the Purification Performance of Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 3 (30.01.2022): 1583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031583.
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Aeration and plants exhibit influence on the water purification performance in constructed wetlands (CWs). However, the interaction between aeration and plants on enhancing performance of domestic sewage treatment is unclear. Our study aims to optimize the combination of aeration position and plant species, promoting the extensive and effective application of CWs. Herein, six horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CWs small scale plots were established and divided into two groups according to the plant (i.e., Canna indica and Iris sibirica). To adjust the distribution of dissolved oxygen (DO) in CWs, each group had three plots of HSSF CWs. One plot was aerated at the bottom of the first quarter of the filtration chamber, one plot was aerated at the bottom of the inflow chamber, and the remaining plot was not aerated as a control. Results showed that aeration at the bottom of the first quarter filtration chamber could contribute to the highest removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and total nitrogen (TN). The COD, NH4+-N, and TN removal percentages decreased with the drop in temperature. However, the plot aerated at the bottom of the first quarter filtration chamber with I. sibirica exhibited the best average CODCr, NH4+-N and TN removal percentages in both the warm season (83.6%, 82.7% and 76.8%) and the cool season (66.3%, 44.1% and 43.8%). Therefore, this study indicated that the combination of aerating at the bottom of the first quarter filtration chamber and planting with I. sibirica in the HSSF CWs would be a promising way forward for wastewater treatment, especially in low temperature seasons.
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Hultgren, J., L. G. Reinius i M. Tendaj. "Upgrading of the Treatment Plants in Stockholm to Meet More Stringent Requirements". Water Science and Technology 22, nr 7-8 (1.07.1990): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0232.
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The purification requirements for the Stockholm sewage treatment plants will become more stringent in the future. The expected limit values for the effluent, expressed as annual mean values, are for BOD7, Tot-P, and Tot-N, 10, 0.3 and 15 mg/l respectively. If these contents are multiplied by the design flow values for the three plants, we obtain the maximum quantities which may be released. If the relevant authorities permit the municipality to distribute these total quantities as desired between the three plants, future necessary extensions can be optimized. The following main principles apply to an extension of the three plants: Loudden sewage treatment plant: This comparatively small treatment plant could, if the requirements are lower than in the other two plants, continue in operation with no other extensions than the inclusion of anoxic zones. It would, however, be necessary to refurbish the plant after a number of years of neglected maintenance. Bromma sewage treatment plant: The biological stage was extended during the 1982-84 period. For this reason, the municipality suggests that no further extensions of the aeration tanks be required, before 1995 at the earliest. A nitrogen removal with outgoing contents of Tot-N of 15-17 mg/l is expected to be achieved by measures taken to reduce the load on the biological stage instead. These measures consist of centrifuging the excess sludge and pumping it directly to the digesters instead of returning it to the inlet. Furthermore, separate treatment of the reject water from the sludge centrifuges is planned. A third measure could be changing over to a more efficient precipitation chemical to permit a further reduction of the load on the biological stage with regard to, inter alia, BOD7, Tot-N etc. To meet the requirements for phosphorus removal (0.3 mg/l), the plant will be extended with a filter stage after the existing biological stage. Henriksdal sewage treatment plant: At this plant, which is the largest of the three, the largest extensions are planned. To meet the requirements for nitrogen removal, the present volumes in the aeration tanks will be tripled and will be utilized as anoxic and aerated zones as required. Three new lines with aeration tanks and secondary sedimentation tanks will be constructed. The existing aeration tanks will also be deepened from 5 to 12 m. The requirements for low phosphorus contents in the effluent will be met by installing a filter stage, as in the Bromma plant.
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Boichenko, M. S., O. O. Vovk, S. V. Boichenko i S. I. Shamanskyi. "PERSPECTIVES OF MEMBRANE BIOREACTORS FOR WASTEWATER PURIFICATION FROM WASTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS AND BIOGENIC ELEMENTS". Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, nr 3 (14.09.2018): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.3.2018.04.
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The article analyzes modern methods of wastewater treatment from bioresistant pharmaceutical products and biogenic elements. Pharmaceuticals, such as anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, antibiotics, narcotic drugs, hormones, drugs that reduce cholesterol,etc., are often get into sewage in small quantities. They are hardly biodegradable and, passing through wastewater treatment plants without any changes, they often end up in water bodies. They have significant negative impact on aquatic ecosystems and human health, while being present in open waters even in small quantities. Among the nutrients that are also present in the wastewater, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds deserve the greatest attention. While getting into water bodies, they cause eutrophication, which isalso dangerous to ecosystems and human beings. It is shown that among modern variety of purification methods, the most suitable for removal of pharmaceutical products and biogenic elements are biochemical methods and photopurification technologies, as well as using membrane bioreactors. Biosorption-membrane methods open the possibility to use modern biotechnologies for efficient removal of bioresistant xenobiotics and reducing their negative impact on natural environment. Using photopurification technologies can help to reduce amount of nutrients discharged in surface water bodies, thus reducing their potential for eutrophication, as well as receiving additional renewable energy sources. Bibl. 30, Fig. 3, Tab. 4.
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An, Yuchen, Songmin Li, Xiaoling Wang, Yuyang Liu i Ruonan Wang. "Correlating Microbial Community Characteristics with Environmental Factors along a Two-Stage Biological Aerated Filter". Water 12, nr 12 (26.11.2020): 3317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123317.
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The purification effect of a biological aerated filter (BAF) mainly comes from the microorganisms in the reactor. Understanding the correlation between microbial community characteristics and environmental factors along the filter has great significance for maintaining good operation and improving the removal efficiency of the filter. A two-stage BAF was employed to treat domestic sewage under organic loads of 1.02 and 1.55 kg/m3·d for 15 days each. 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology and redundancy analysis were applied to explore the correlation between microbial community characteristics and environmental variables. The results showed that: (1) the crucial organic-degrading bacteria in the A-stage filter were of the genus Novosphingobium, which had a significant increase in terms of relative abundance at sampling outlet A3 (135 cm of the filling height) after the increase of organic load; (2) the microbial communities at different positions in the B-stage filter were similarly affected by environmental factors, and the main bacteria associated with nitrogen removal in the B-stage filter were Zoogloea and Rhodocyclus; and (3) to improve the pollutant removal performance of this two-stage biological aerated filter, a strategy of adding an internal circulation in the B-stage filter can be adopted.
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Lakatos, Gyula, Magdolna K. Kiss, Marianna Kiss i Péter Juhász. "Application of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in Hungary". Water Science and Technology 35, nr 5 (1.03.1997): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0230.
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This paper presents a brief survey of the Hungarian constructed wetland types that have been established for wastewater treatment in the last thirty years, and gives an analysis of the design and performance of those reed ponds that have been constructed for the polishing of petrochemical wastewaters. Natural treatment processes are in great demand because they are protective of the environment and have low operation costs and satisfactory purification efficiency. Three major types of treatment wetlands are utilized in Hungary: free water surface system, subsurface flow system, and artificial floating meadow system. Since the 1970s, the petrochemical industry has utilized sewage treatment systems consisting of ponds of emergent and/or submerged macrophyte vegetation that operate as free water surface systems. In the wastewater treatment system of Nyirbogdány, the average COD removal efficiency is around 60%, while the reed-submerged weeds pond has an efficiency of 25%. In the reed pond of the TIFO post-treatment pond system, the total phosphorus removal averaged 40% for several years, while the nitrogen removal efficiency has not exceeded 35%. For both constructed wetlands, the nutrient stabilising and heavy metal accumulating role of the aquatic plant-periphyton complex has been quantified, and the biological water quality has been found to be typical of any other natural water bodies.
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Vandevenne, Louis. "An operational survey of a natural lagoon treatment plant combining macrophytes and microphytes basins". Water Science and Technology 32, nr 3 (1.08.1995): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0128.
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The sewage treatment plant studied, located in a rural area, is designed to treat the wastewater for a population of 650. The station functions in accordance with the principle of natural lagoons via artificial wetlands combining macrophytes and microphytes lagoons arranged in series. The overall surface area including the primary lagoon gives rise to a specific load of 6 m2/inhabitant. Both the primary and secondary treatments produce a very good water quality in accordance with the conventional parameters (SS, Suspended Solids; BOD5, the Biological Oxygen Demand over a 5 day period; COD, the Chemical Oxygen Demand). The tertiary purification of the nitrogen and phosphorus does not give as good results as expected, respectively 42% and 35% removal; very little better than those of a conventional installation. The tertiary quality standard appears not to be attainable since the successive biological mechanisms carrying out the elimination process are followed by a release of the pollutants and an insufficient elimination (plant exportation) by the macrophytes. The design and management of the macrophytes basins is relatively tricky, particularly with respect to the removal of weeds and the regulation of the water level in the macrophytes basins.
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Pavliukh, Lesia, Sergii Shamanskyi i Olga Zaiats. "A FLAT-PARALLEL TYPE PHOTOBIOREACTOR DESIGN FOR SEWAGE WATER TREATMENT". Science-based technologies 51, nr 3 (28.10.2021): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2310-5461.51.15689.
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Organic and inorganic substances which were released into the environment as a result of domestic, agricultural and industrial water activities lead to organic and inorganic pollution. Effluent is loaded with inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus and causes eutrophication. Microalgae culture offers an interesting step for wastewater treatments, because they provide a tertiary biotreatment coupled with the production of potentially valuable biomass, which can be used for several purposes. Problem statement. The purpose of this article is to develop a photobioreactor design for wastewater treatment in which the application of new elements and connections reduces material consumption for the manufacture of transparent flexible tanks, reducing labor costs for installation and dismantling of tanks, and preventing the mixing of immobilized algae and their removal from the working area of the photobioreactor. Research methodology. Methods were based on a systematic analysis of theoretical research, synthesis, anology and comparison of various photobioreactor designs. Results and discussion. The problem is solved by the fact that the photobioreactor is made in the form of a transparent flowing rectangular open-topped tank. The flowing flat transparent containers, made with flexible material, are vertically, parallel to each other attached to the bottom of the tank with quick-release fasteners inside. Pipelines for supply saturated by carbon dioxide wastewater and microalgae are connected through non-return valves. Pipelines for drainage of a mixture of microalgae with residual wastewater are connected through non-return valves. Pipelines for drainage of treated wastewater and valves for release of accumulated gases are connected in the upper airtight part. The pipeline for the treatment of treated wastewater is connected to the guide tray for supplying treated wastewater in the middle of a flowing rectangular open-topped tank. A carbon dioxide supply pipeline is connected to the inlet part of the wastewater supply pipeline. At the outlet of the pipeline for the removal of a mixture of microalgae with residual wastewater is a separator of microalgae to separate the return and excess biomass to supply separated from microalgae wastewater in a flowing rectangular tank. Conclusions. The proposed construction of photobioreactor can have good perspectives to be use in communal services for sewage water purification from biogenic elements. Improved photobioreactor design also can be used in sewage systems of enterprises of different branches of industry, when it is necessary to purify sewage water. The proposed flat-parallel type photobioreactor design for sewage water treatment differs by changing the geometric shape of the tanks, which serves a mixture of water and microalgae, resulting in a reduction in material costs for the manufacture of tanks and labor costs for their maintenance
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Yin, Jun, Yan Kai, Wei Liu, Ying Hu i Fan Xin Meng. "The Performance Impact of Hair Dyeing Sewage on Biological Treatment". Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (luty 2014): 672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.672.
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To domestic sewage, mixed sewage with hair dyeing sewage and low concentrations of hair dyeing sewage as objects, studied by experiments SBR remove its COD, total phosphorus, ammonia, nitrogen efficiency, the results show that the hair dyeing sewage on SBR to remove COD, total phosphorus, ammonia has little effect, the low concentration hair dyeing sewage can be handled through biological methods, its COD, total phosphorus, total nitrogen removal efficiency can reach 79.11%, 92.16%, 74.51%, 55.93%, However, due to the hair dyeing sewage has cyclic organic matter may inhibit the role of heterotrophic bacteria, affecting the biological nitrogen removal, the nitrogen removal rate of hair dyeing sewage decreased 14.70% than domestic sewage.
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Suchowska-Kisielewicz, Monika, Aleksandra Sieciechowicz i Zofia Sadecka. "The Efficiency of Nitrogen Compounds Removal in Wastewater Treatment Plant". Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 28, nr 3 (1.09.2018): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2018-0031.
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Abstract In sewage treatment plants for removing nitrogen compounds are used biological processes of nitrification and denitrification. The parameters determining the efficiency of biological processes of nitrogen removal are organic carbon ratio (BOD5) to total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), temperature and pH. The impact of these parameters on the operation of the sewage treatment plant with an RLM of 45,000 based on operational data from the period 2011-2013 has been assessed. The efficiency of removing nitrogen compounds from sewage in the analysed treatment plant depended on the temperature of sewage and the quotient BOD5/TKN. Even at the optimal ranges of BOD5/TKN ratio temperature at 10°C nitrogen concentration in the treated wastewater was about 3 times higher than the limit value, and the removal efficiency of nitrogen varied between about 30 to 60%.
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Peng, Yongzhen, De-Shuang Yu, Dawei Liang i Guibing Zhu. "Nitrogen Removal via Nitrite from Seawater Contained Sewage". Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 39, nr 7 (27.12.2004): 1667–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ese-120037868.
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Li, Yafeng, Jianbo Wu, Yuemeng Bai i Ning Feng. "Effect of temperature and NH4+-N influent concentration on the nitrogen removal effect of luffa cylindrical sponge carrier sequencing batch biofilm reactor". E3S Web of Conferences 218 (2020): 03033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021803033.
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In order to improve the efficiency of biological nitrogen removal, the experiment used the luffa cylindrical sponge carrier sequencing batch biofilm reactor to treat domestic sewage, and it studied the temperature on the removal effect of TN in the sewage in the reactor and the changes of various types of nitrogen. The results showed that the TN treatment rate of the luffa cylindrical sponge carrier SBBR reached the peak at 30 °C, the removal rate was 82.25%, indicating that the luffa cylindrical sponge carrier SBBR is very suitable for the removal of nitrogen from domestic sewage.
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Wu, Chun Du, Chun Xia Liu i Qing Jie Xie. "Primary Study on the Pollution Control of Overflow by Stepwise Adsorption Purification Bed". Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (czerwiec 2010): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.259.
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In this paper a stepwise adsorption purification bed was introduced to be used for overflow wastewater treatment. According to the principle of natural purification of soil and paddy fields on sewage, the stepwise adsorption purification bed imitated the self-purification function of natural materials, such as defoliation，rotten wood, charcoal and the stone were processed as filler. The removal rate of the parameters, such as COD, NH3-N and TP was invested to show the treatment effect of this system. The result showed that the system had a high removal rate of the contamination in the sewage. The COD, NH3-N and TP removal rates can reach up to 80%, 85.8% and 84% respectively.
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Karlsson, Ingemar, i Gunnar Smith. "Pre-Precipitation Facilitates Nitrogen Removal without Tank Expansion". Water Science and Technology 22, nr 7-8 (1.07.1990): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0233.
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Chemically coagulated sewage water gives an effluent low in both suspended matter and organics. To use chemical precipitation as the first step in waste water treatment improves nitrification in the following biological stage. The precipitated sludge contains 75% of the organic matter in the sewage and can by hydrolysis be converted to readily degradable organic matter, which presents a valuable carbon source for the denitrification process. This paper will review experiences from full-scale applications as well as pilot-plant and laboratory studies.
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Karlsson, Ingemar, i Gunnar Smith. "Pre-Precipitation Facilitates Nitrogen Removal without Tank Expansion". Water Science and Technology 23, nr 4-6 (1.02.1991): 811–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0532.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Chemically coagulated sewage water gives an effluent low in both suspended matter and organics. To use chemical precipitation as the first step in waste water treatment improves nitrification in the following biological stage. The precipitated sludge contains 75% of the organic matter in the sewage and can by hydrolysis be converted to readily degradable organic matter, which presents a valuable carbon source for the denitrification process. This paper will review experiences from full scale applications as well as pilot plant- and laboratory studies.
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Liao, Wei, Hui-qiang Li i Ping Yang. "Organic and nutrient removal during start-up period for domestic sewage treatment by an A/O mixed carrier system". E3S Web of Conferences 167 (2020): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016701006.
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This study combined biofilm method and A/O process reasonably to form the biological treatment system. This experiment focused on the performance of the system for domestic sewage according to the determination of CODCr, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. The A/O-mixed carrier system had a good removal effect on organic pollutants for simulated domestic sewage. At the start-up period, the average removal rates of CODCr, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen were 92%, 90% and 55%, respectively. But the removal effect of total phosphorus was not ideal.
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Ma, Bin, Shanyun Wang, Shenbin Cao, Yuanyuan Miao, Fangxu Jia, Rui Du i Yongzhen Peng. "Biological nitrogen removal from sewage via anammox: Recent advances". Bioresource Technology 200 (styczeń 2016): 981–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.074.
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Van Tendeloo, Michiel, Bert Bundervoet, Nathalie Carlier, Wannes Van Beeck, Hans Mollen, Sarah Lebeer, Joop Colsen i Siegfried E. Vlaeminck. "Piloting carbon-lean nitrogen removal for energy-autonomous sewage treatment". Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 7, nr 12 (2021): 2268–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ew00525a.
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Liang, Qi Bin, Yun Gen Liu i Kun Tian. "Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal from Sewage by Modified Honeycomb Cinder". Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (sierpień 2013): 2931–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2931.
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The study aimed at phosphorus and nitrogen removal by honeycomb cinder modified with Zinc chloride (ZnCl2). By bench-scale batch experiments, honeycomb cinders with different modification time and ZnCl2 dosage were modified and its adsorption capacities were evaluated by methylence blue as the adsorbate. Under the optimal modification conditions, large amount modified honeycomb cinders were prepared to remove the phosphorus and nitrogen from domestic sewage, which different operating conditions of honeycomb cinders dosage, and contact time were considered. The results show that removal efficiencies of total phosphate (TP), orthophosphate (PO43-P), total nitrogen (TN) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) could reach 89.9%, 96.7%, 18.9% and 23.3% under the optimal conditions, respectively. Modified honeycomb cinders might be an effective and low cost adsorbent for phosphorus removal.
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Yu, Yang, Hai Jiao Yu i Chen Ci Ma. "Study on the Impact of DO and Organic Matter on Aerobic Granular Sludge Treating Municipal Sewage". Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (lipiec 2014): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.603.
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The experiment uses municipal sewage as the research object and runs SBR reactor in completely aerobic conditions. Through controlling different of DO concentration and COD concentration, we study spreading comparison. The results show that when DO concentration was 1mg/L, the removal effect of aerobic granular sludge process in SBR treating municipal sewage was best, the average removal rate of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and phosphorous was 90.12%,98.95%,87.65% and 83.74% respectively. When COD concentration of influent was about 400mg/L, the treatment effects of aerobic granular sludge for COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and phosphorous were all better, the average removal rate was up to 92.33%,98.83%,88.17% and 80.25% respectively.
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Shen, Dong-Sheng, Bao-Cheng Huang, Pei-Qing Liu, Jian-Xun Han i Hua-Jun Feng. "Factors Influencing Nitrogen Removal in a Decentralized Sewage Treatment Reactor". Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/296312.
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A decentralized sewage treatment reactor was designed to treat wastewater in rural areas. To examine the factors influencing nitrogen removal, experiments were carried out at three levels of hydraulic surface load, three sludge concentrations, and three environment temperatures at low dissolved oxygen concentrations. The rate of denitrification decreased, and the rate of nitrification increased as the surface load rose. The maximum denitrification rate was 20.01 ± 3.02 g/(m3·d) at a surface load of 1.11 ± 0.13 m3/(m2·h). The total nitrogen (TN) removal, efficiency initially increased and then decreased as the sludge concentration rose. When the sludge concentration increased to 3.5 ± 0.3 g/L, the system showed a good level of TN removal and a denitrification rate of 28.58 ± 1.22 g/(m3·d) was achieved. Low temperature had a negative effect on the removal and transformation of nitrogenous pollutants.
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Brattberg, G., L. G. Reinius i M. Tendaj. "Optimization of Nutrient Removal in Stockholm". Water Science and Technology 24, nr 7 (1.10.1991): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0191.
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Stockholm was founded at the point where the waters of Lake Mälaren emerge into the Baltic Sea. Lake Mälaren is the water source of the water works of Stockholm. The Lake also receives water from one of the sewage treatment plants. The outlet from the two other sewage treatment plants are in the inner part of the archipelago. During 1968-73 the treatment was improved, after which the phosphorus load to the receiving water significantly decreased. The total P concentration in the surface water has decreased since 1970 and phosphorus has replaced nitrogen as the most limiting nutrient throughout the entire archipelago within 50 km from Stockholm. To further reduce the eutrophication a continued reduction of the phosphorus load is most effective. For the Baltic proper as a whole, where primary nitrogen limitation is present, it is important to reduce the supply of nitrogen to the greatest possible extent. The treatment plants in Stockholm are located in subsurface rock-chambers. The treatment includes mechanical, biological and chemical treatment. In the mechanical stage the sewage is treated in screens, grit chambers and primary sedimentation. The biological stage is a conventional activated sludgeprocess. For the chemical precipitation ferroussulphateis added before the screens. The sludge is stabilized in anaerobic digesters and dewatered in centrifuges before disposal on farmland. To meet more stringent requirements on nitrification and nitrogen removal several projects are going on to optimize the nutrient removal. The aim of these investigations is to improve the plants' performance within the existing plant.
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TANAKA, Nobuhiro, Akihiro NAGANO, Hideki HARADA, Tatsuo OMURA, Tadashi TAGAWA, Shinichi YAMAZAKI, Toshikazu HASHIMOTO, Koji NISHIMURA i Takeshi ISHIKAWA. "Nitrogen removal of Innovative Sewage Treatment by DHS-MBBF System". Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2018.28 (2018): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2018.28.312.
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