Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Sewage – Purification – Biological treatment”
Kliknij ten link, aby zobaczyć inne rodzaje publikacji na ten temat: Sewage – Purification – Biological treatment.
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 50 najlepszych artykułów w czasopismach naukowych na temat „Sewage – Purification – Biological treatment”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj artykuły w czasopismach z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
1
Dzhumagulova, Nazira, Ilya Svetkov, Vladimir Smetanin i Nguyen Dinh Dap. "Fractal analysis of biological wastewater treatment efficiency". MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 06005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825106005.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The purpose of the present research was to enhance the efficiency of biological wastewater treatment through the direct impact on the metabolism of activated sludge. In the course of research, species and quantitative composition of biological community of activated sludge in aeration tanks during wastewater purification process was studied. Comparative analysis was carried out for linen production wastewater and household sewage. Possible application of biological treatment in linen production was evaluated. Proposals were developed on creation of controllable biological treatment facility. In this paper, biological methods are shown to be efficient for household sewage treatment. Comparative analysis was carried out for linen production wastewater and household sewage. Possible application of biological treatment in linen production was evaluated. Proposals were developed on creation of controllable biological treatment facility.
2
Voigtländer, G., i E. P. Kulle. "An improved small sewage treatment plant for biological purification of wastewater". Water Science and Technology 29, nr 12 (1.12.1994): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0575.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The paper presents a small sewage treatment plant (package plant) operating without additional energy. Purification of sewage is achieved in a three-step process: sedimentation tank, anaerobic reactor and wastewater pond or aerobic reactor. The efficiency of the anaerobic reactor - in contrast to the efficiency of a common septic tank - is significantly increased by using fixed biomass systems. Further degradation of sewage compounds by adhering microorganisms occurs in pond or aerobic reactor. The bed for the aerobic biomass is made of a semipermeable plastic film and arranged in order to ensure simultaneous supply of oxygen. The three pilot plants are showing different results. The main aims of research i.e. lowering of operational costs, energy supply, minimizing of maintenance expenditure and cleaning work, reliability of degradation efficiency have been achieved so far for the anaerobic reactor.
3
Heinzmann, B. "Phosphorus recycling in sewage treatment plants with biological phosphorus removal". Water Science and Technology 52, nr 10-11 (1.11.2005): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0734.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In this paper, phosphorus balances are calculated for the wastewater purification and sludge treatment stages for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) applying Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR). The possible P-recovery potential is then estimated and evaluated regarding different locations along the process of wastewater purification and sludge treatment, taking the different phosphorus bonding forms into account. Caused by the more favourable bonding forms in the excess sludge as well as possibly also in the sludge ash a recovery of the phosphorus seems especially favoured for WWTPs with EBPR. The processes available for a P recycling are named, and special regard is given to the Phostrip-process, which is a possible recycling process already tested in practice. Further R&D demand consists in basic research regarding disintegration, fermentation or acidic total digestion of excess sludge followed by phosphorus precipitation including separation of the precipitates, MAP-precipitation and separation from digested sludge and on the ability to extract phosphorus and heavy metals from sewage sludge ash. These investigations are a precondition to enable purposeful process developments. At the present state the cost of recycled phosphorus earned from wastewater, sludge and ash, respectively, are a multiple higher than the costs for raw phosphate taking into account the suitable processes. Thus, up to now no phosphorus recycling with a defrayal of costs is possible. The future importance of phosphorus recycling will depend on the market price for raw phosphate, the recycling costs and, furthermore, on the general political framework.
4
MURADYaN, Yu V., i S. Yu TEPLYKh. "AFTER TREATMENT DOMESTIC SEWAGE WITH ERSHOVA LOADING". Urban construction and architecture 2, nr 2 (15.06.2012): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2012.02.11.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Widespread now technological scheme and construction technology of wastewater do not provide normative qualitative parameters that correspond to the requirements of the water fish-economical ponds.The limited financing of construction of new sewage is the main method of improving the reconstruction and/or intensification of existing sewage systems.Now for the intensification of the process of purification of biologically treated wastewater purification filter with the proposed design of the load which ershov fully satisfies modern requirements on quality of discharged waste water into a reservoir.
5
Wu, Rui, Li Gang Xu i Dan Chen. "Study on Biological Purification Effect on Tail Water from Sewage Treatment Plant at Small-Scaled Town, South Jiangsu". Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (wrzesień 2014): 384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.384.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
As a cost-effective technology, using biological treatment technology to treat tail water has been gradually promoted in and abroad. Biological treatment technology uses the organic combination of water ecosystem to remove the organic pollutants and pollutants such as N and P which cause water eutrophication. This paper takes Jiangyin City Xinqiao Town Sewage Treatment Plant as example to construct bio-ecological combined constructed wetlands system near natural river course to treat tail water from sewage treatment plant and investigates the removal efficiency of combination process for COD, ammonia, TN and TP in tail water. The research indicates that bio-ecological combined constructed wetlands system has good removal efficiency for pollutants in tail water. And the average removal rate of COD, ammonia, TN and TP are 29%, 31%, 18%, and 8%; the average effluent concentration of them are 35.54mg/L, 0.97mg/L, 10.77 mg/L, and 0.11 mg/L. The result exactly matches the first grade A standard of Urban Sewage Treatment Plant Pollutant Discharge Standard (GB18918-2002). It has great potential for tail water treatment and is suitable for rural regions. The research result provides both the data and theoretical basis for improvement of biological treatment technology of tail water from sewage treatment plant, and also provides direct theoretical basis and practical experience for promotion and research of wetlands ecosystem.
6
Kettern, J. T. "Biological or Chemico-Physical Landfill Leachate Purification - An Alternative or a Useful Combination". Water Science and Technology 26, nr 1-2 (1.07.1992): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0394.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The passing of the “General Administrative Regulations on Minimum Requirements for the Discharge of Sewage to Waters”, and particularly Annex 51, has far-reaching implications for landfill leachate treatment. The administrative regulations prescribe limits which entail treatment according to good engineering practice and state-of-the-art technology. The paper describes leachates from different types of landfill, discusses state-of-the-art leachate treatment technology and presents some recent developments.
7
Fesik, L. A., N. V. Sorokina, E. А. Geraskina i T. S. Airapetian. "AN ANAEROBIC-AEROBIC BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER AT THE LOW-PRODUCTIVITY PLANT". Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, nr 80 (3.09.2020): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2020-80-122-131.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract. The urgency of the problem of local biological treatment of domestic wastewater from housing in non-canalized areas with improving the quality of treated wastewater to the level of requirements for discharge into fishery bodies of water is considered. The analysis of the state of local wastewater treatment is given. Existing technological schemes and methods of local sewage, which are used for sewage treatment, are considered. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of a complex of a local anaerobic-aerobic biological treatment of domestic wastewater from housing in non-canalized areas at the low-productivity plants are presented. The results of theoretical and experimental researches of complex of local anaerobic-aerobic biological purification of domestic wastewater of habitation in non-canalized areas at the low-productivity plants are given. On the basis of the analysis of work and embodiment of low-productivity plants, used in home and foreign practice of local treatment of domestic wastewater the expediency of application flowing multistage anaerobic-aerobic biological purification of domestic wastewater with use of communities of attached and free-swimming microorganisms is shown. The proposed low-productivity plant, which includes a three-stage aerobic biological treatment of anaerobically treated wastewater is described. The use of ruff fillers for the retention of hydrobionts gives the opportunity to clear salvo discharge, rapid restoration of the activity of the ruff fillers (for example, in power outages). The ruff fillers make it possible to organize an appropriate trophic chain of hydrobionts, which dramatically reduces the amount of excess biomass and the removal of suspensions in treated wastewater. Using the experiments in laboratory conditions and at real industrial treatment plant of a new design there were received parameters of work of stages of anaerobic and aerobic biological purification, the law of nitrification and denitrification processes, the law of specific speed of oxidation of organic pollution in specific conditions of anaerobic-aerobic technology; the opportunity of reception of quality of treated wastewater at the level of the requirements of the specifications for dump of drains in fishing reservoirs is proved.
8
STEPANOV, S. V., Yu E. STAShOK i N. V. NOEV. "RESEARCHES ON BIOMEMBRANE PURIFICATIONAND DEMINERALIZATION OF WASTE WATERS AT SYZRAN OIL REFINERY". Urban construction and architecture 2, nr 1 (15.03.2012): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2012.01.10.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
There are given the research results of biomembrane waste water purification at Syzran Oil Refinery and demineralization of biologically treated sewage waters by the method of reversible electrodialysis. We compared the purification efficiency on the membrane bioreactor with ethanol dosing (in order to get deeper denitrification) and without it and the purification without adding household drain as well. It is shown that biomembrane technology combined with sorption tertiary treatment makes it possible to meet the requirements of the Russian Federation norms to the quality of treated sewage. The results of the experiment on the demineralization of biologically treated sewage waters using the method of reversible electrodialysis are given. We have concluded that the recycle systems of the plant can be fed with demineralised desalted water.
9
Csépai, L. "Fully Biological Wastewater Treatment without Energy Consumption". Water Science and Technology 22, nr 3-4 (1.03.1990): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0219.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
By two Sewage Treatment Plants it is demonstrated that a fully biological wastewater treatment without external energy supply is possible provided there is a sufficient natural gradient to guarantee a free flow through the entire plant. Both plants have now been in operation for more than 2 years. Test results show a very good purification efficiency. Elimination of BOD5 is over 93%, of COD 84%, of TOC 86%, of NH4 66 % and that of nitrogen totals 29%. The results of the two-year operation of both plants prove that also smaller units allow for meeting all requirements to obtain a good purification efficiency. Especially pre-settling and final clarifying ponds with interposed trickling filters represent a very simple but economic addition to the ample variety of modern wastewater techniques. It has also been demonstrated that, when planning wastewater treatment plants, every effort should be made to adjust the hydraulic longitudinal section to the existing area conditions, even at the risk of increased building costs. As far as economic considerations are concerned, a unit operating without energy consumption certainly proves advantageous. At the same time it offers a running guarantee, which is equally important, especially in case of smaller units. Particularly if local communities experience prolonged economic difficulties such considerations gain increasing priority. In addition to all these advantages the plants show a high buffering efficiency, minimum maintenance requirements and very low running costs.
10
Su, Rong Jun. "Study on Treatment of Canteen Wastewater Using Rotating Biological Contactor". Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (czerwiec 2010): 1597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1597.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Rotating biological contactor (RBC) has good effect for treating wastewater, while it is rarely reported to be used for treating canteen wastewater in frigid area as in this paper. After having cultivated the biofilm, this article studied the purification effect on disposing of sewage from dinning hall by RBC and its affecting factors such as input organic loading, stages and temperature. The results indicated that even in low ambient temperature, the COD removal rate can achieve an average value of 70% and NH4-N elimination rate is over 80% in average which displayed better effects. Microscopic observations showed that there were plenty of and varies kinds of microorganisms displayed in order in bio-discs.
11
Yinanç, Abdullah. "Two different purification systems at Istanbul-Tuzla and Adana-Kozan, their characterizations". Water Science and Technology 75, nr 11 (6.03.2017): 2607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.137.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In most developed countries, wastewater treatment plants are presently utilizing efficient purification technology meeting the sufficiency requirements of quality and quantity. However, in developing countries, the number of wastewater treatment plants is limited. As a result, the establishment of a connection between the wastewater collection system and wastewater purification plants is increasingly becoming a top priority for researchers. The aim of this article is to analyze wastewater collection and purification systems and establish the links between these two processes. In the present study, the efficiency of the present purification system at the Istanbul-Tuzla and Adana-Kozan plants was investigated with the aim of enhancing their performance. The findings pertaining to the model sewage system revealed a decrease in NH3-N by 20–70%, total nitrogen (T-N) by 25–75%, biological oxygen demand (BOD5) by 50–60%, chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 35–55% and suspended solids (SS) by 55–85%. As a result of studies performed in the Tuzla sewage treatment system, we can confirm that T-N decreased by 50–75%, suspended solid particles by 24–57%, and BOD5 by 34–57%, while 35–55% of COD was removed. Similarly, in the canal exit at Kоzan, BOD5 decreased by 40–55%, COD by 30–50%, SS by 25–45% and T-N by 5–40%.
12
Pawęska, Katarzyna, Aleksandra Bawiec i Krzysztof Pulikowski. "Wastewater treatment in submerged aerated biofilter under condition of high ammonium concentration". Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 24, nr 3 (1.09.2017): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2017-0029.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Treatment of wastewater produced in Service Areas (SA) located on expressways and highways is a worldwide problem because of increasing amount of roads and specific composition of those kinds of sewage. Insufficient removal of pollutants from wastewater discharged into surface water may cause serious environmental problems. In the present study efficiency of treatment of wastewater with high ammonium concentration in biological membrane system used on SA was investigated. Concentrations of ammonia nitrogen in wastewater flowing into bioreactor in none of the tested objects did not fall below 99.0 mg of N-NH4·dm−3. Because of high ammonium content in sewage and high pH reaching value about 9, it is almost impossible to create favorable conditions for microorganisms that run purification processes resulting in low efficiency of phosphorus and nitrogen removal (reduction of biogenic compounds did not exceed 15%). Treatment of wastewater consisting mainly of urine with commonly used biological membrane technology has to be widely tested to perform suitable quality of discharged wastewater, to provide safety of surface water environment.
13
Shlekova, I. Yu, i A. I. Knysh. "Intensification of Biological Treatment of Industrial Wastewater in Aerotanks Using Adsorbents". Ecology and Industry of Russia 22, nr 6 (6.07.2018): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2018-6-20-25.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The use of industrial wastes as alternative adsorbents for wastewater treatment is proposed. The effective concentration of the adsorbent was determined experimentally. The results of a study of the intensification of biological wastewater treatment using activated carbon and a pulverized coke fraction are presented. The efficiency of treatment in terms of "chemical oxygen demand" during the intake of highly concentrated sewage sludge with the use of an alternative adsorbent averaged 85 %. In the biosorption system, the conservation of the species diversity of the biocenosis of activated sludge and its purifying ability was noted. In the biological treatment system, purification efficiency was recorded on average 16 % less and destabilization of the system as a whole. The carried out researches prove expediency of use of adsorbents, including production wastes, for intensification of biological wastewater treatment in aero tanks.
14
Shamanskyi, Sergii, Sergii Boichenko, Viktoria Khrutba, Olena Barabash, Iryna Shkilniuk, Anna Yakovlieva, Petro Topilnyckyi i Lesia Pavliukh. "Improving the photobioreactor operation efficiency in the technological scheme of wastewater treatment". Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, nr 10 (114) (29.12.2021): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.248746.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Conventional process schemes of municipal sewage water treatment, advantages, and disadvantages of the methods applied when removing biogenic elements were considered. It was shown that the existing shortcomings cause additional explicit costs and difficulties when disposing of the resulting waste. Low efficiency of the removal processes themselves causing residual concentrations of biogenic elements in the treated sewage water was also shown. A process scheme for treating municipal sewage water was proposed. It includes the use of a photobioreactor of a proposed design for the removal of biogenic elements due to the metabolism of microalgae. It was experimentally shown that the use of Euglena gracilis strain for removal of phosphates in initial concentrations of 4, 7, and 14 mg/dm3 from sewage water is the most efficient way. It makes it possible to reduce these concentrations to residual 0…0.55 mg/dm3 in four days. A 3.75…5.58 times increment of microalgae biomass during this period was also shown. A mathematical model was constructed for calculating the time of staying the sewage water and microalgae mixture in a photobioreactor to achieve the required degree of removal of biogenic elements. Based on the proposed model and experimental studies, the required time of staying in the rector working area was calculated. It was shown that with the use of Euglena gracilis strain but without removal of biogenic elements at previous purification stages (process schemes including only mechanical purification), the time of mixture staying in the working zone was 37.81 hrs. With partial removal of biogenic elements at the stage of biological treatment (0.55 mg/dm3 total nitrogen, 0.91 mg/dm3 ammonium nitrogen, 0.44 mg/dm3 phosphates), this time was reduced to 26.66 hrs. It was found that the use of Euglena gracilis strain instead of Chlorella vulgaris (FC-16) in the removal of phosphates results in a 2-time increase in the process efficiency and a 50 % decrease in time of mixture staying in the working zone. Recommendations for calculating geometric parameters of photobioreactors of the proposed design were given for use in the process schemes
15
Sklyar, Aleksey, i Margarita Postnova. "Cleaning of Flows of Poultry Farms with Ecology Accounting and Resource Savings". Vestnik Volgogradskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Serija 11. Estestvennye nauki, nr 1 (sierpień 2018): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu11.2018.1.15.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The possibilities of using non-biological methods for clarifying sewage from poultry farms are presented, which testify to the high efficiency of using electrochemical technologies. Unlike biological purification, the technology of electro-chemosorption clarification provides for a rigid treatment regime, when not only minerals, organic substances are oxidized, but also microorganisms and all persistent specific contaminants falling into the poultry drains occur. It has been revealed that electro-chemisorption plants can purify effluents to the maximum permissible concentrations over a wider range of contamination levels.
16
Hultgren, J., I. Möllersten i L. G. Reinius. "Introduction of Deep Oxic/Anoxic Tanks at Hendriksdal Sewage Treatment Plant to Increase the Capacity". Water Science and Technology 23, nr 10-12 (1.05.1991): 1783–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0633.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The requirements for purification of sewage will be more stringent in Sweden in the future. For Henriksdal sewage treatment plant situated in rock, the proposed limit concentrations for BOD7, total phosphorus and total nitrogen are 10, 0.3 and 14 mg/l respectively as an average over the year. For nitrogen removal in the plant, the volumes of the biological stage have to be increased from about 70 000 m3 today to about 200 000 m3 in the future. There is space available in the rock for only a few new aeration and sedimentation tanks. To achieve adequate volumes, the aeration tanks must be deepened from 5 to 12 m. This paper provides a brief information about the ideas for extension, the investigations on pilot plant scale with operation of deep aeration tanks and the design of the future plant.
17
Baldi, Marco, Andrea Martinotti, Sabrina Sorlini, Ioannis Katsoyiannis, Alessandro Abbà, Marco Carnevale Miino i Maria Collivignarelli. "Extraction and Purification of Phosphorus from the Ashes of Incinerated Biological Sewage Sludge". Water 13, nr 8 (16.04.2021): 1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13081102.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Phosphorus depletion represents a significant problem. Ash of incinerated biological sewage sludge (BSS) contains P, but the presence of heavy metals (e.g., Fe and Al) is the main issue. Based on chemical characterization by SEM-EDS, ED-XRF and ICP-OES techniques, the characteristics and P content of bottom ash (BA) and fly ash (FA) of incinerated BSS were very similar. On BA, P extraction carried out in counter- current with an S:L ratio of 1:10 and H2SO4 0.5 M led to better extraction yields than those of a similar test with H2SO4 1 M and an S:L ratio of 1:5 (93% vs. 86%). Comparing yields with H2SO4 0.5 M (S:L ratio of 1:10), the counter-current method gave better results than those of the crossflow method (93% vs. 83.9%), also improving the performance obtained with HCl in crossflow (93% vs. 89.3%). The results suggest that the purification of the acid extract from heavy metals with pH variation was impractical due to metal precipitation as phosphates. Extraction with H2SO4 and subsequent treatment with isoamyl alcohol represented the best option to extract and purify P, leading to 81% extraction yields of P with low amounts of metals.
18
Thorndahl, Uffe. "Improvement of sludge sedimentation by installation of upward flow clarifiers". Water Science and Technology 29, nr 12 (1.12.1994): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0616.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The secondary clarifier is a very important part of the biological treatment. The better the secondary settlement works, the higher sludge concentration can be achieved in the process tanks, and the higher the sludge concentration, the better purification, or perhaps the less process volume is needed. But in many cases keeping the emission standards with regard to suspended substance creates problems to the sewage works. The traditional solution is installation of a new sedimentation tank or perhaps a sand filter, and these solutions are generally expensive. Another usual problem often comes up during rain at a sewage works which apart from wastewater also receives the load of rainwater. Such a hydraulic overload means a substantial risk of washing out of the active biological sludge through the secondary clarifier and into the recipient where the washed out sludge may create a substantial pollution problem. Furthermore, washing out of the biological sludge will delay the biological treatment as it takes some time before the biological treatment becomes effective again. These problems can, however, be solved by installing an upward flow clarifier which secures a considerable reduction of the emission of suspended substance and will, to a certain extent, stop the washing out of biological sludge during rain.
19
Kanownik, Włodzimierz, Agnieszka Policht-Latawiec i Magdalena Wiśnios. "The effect of purified sewage discharge from a sewage treatment plant on the physicochemical state of water in the receiver". Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. Land Reclamation 48, nr 3 (1.09.2016): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sggw-2016-0021.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract The paper presents changes in the contents of physicochemical indices of the Sudół stream water caused by a discharge of purified municipal sewage from a small mechanical-biological treatment plant with throughput of 300 m3·d−1 and a population equivalent (p.e.) – 1,250 people. The discharge of purified sewage caused a worsening of the stream water quality. Most of the studied indices values increased in water below the treatment plant. Almost a 100-fold increase in ammonium nitrogen, 17-fold increase in phosphate concentrations and 12-fold raise in BOD5 concentrations were registered. Due to high values of these indices, the water physicochemical state was below good. Statistical analysis revealed a considerable effect of the purified sewage discharge on the stream water physicochemical state. A statistically significant increase in 10 indices values (BOD5, COD-Mn, EC, TDS, Cl−, Na+, K+, PO43−, N-NH4+ and N-NO2) as well as significant decline in the degree of water saturation with oxygen were noted below the sewage treatment plant. On the other hand, no statistically significant differences between the water indices values were registered between the measurement points localised 150 and 1,000 m below the purified sewage discharge. It evidences a slow process of the stream water self-purification caused by an excessive loading with pollutants originating from the purified sewage discharge.
20
Volkova, V. N., S. V. Kundenok i V. L. Golovin. "Improving the Efficiency of Sewage Treatment Plants on the Example of Treatment Plants in the Cities of Artem and Vladivostok". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, nr 4 (1.02.2022): 042055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/4/042055.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Fugate water, when it enters the beginning of sewage treatment plants (STP), increases the load on the biological treatment system. Methods of purification of the STP return water are considered. A new composite composition has been developed for the reagent precipitation of ammonium and phosphates from water, which is formed as a result of thickening and dewatering of sludge. On the basis of the experimental data obtained, a technological scheme for the treatment of water formed after mechanical dewatering of excess activated sludge and sludge from the operation of treatment plants at biological wastewater treatment plants has been developed. The developed technological solution makes it possible to exclude the effect of aluminum on activated sludge and minimize the negative effect of ammonium and phosphates, with minimal construction and operating costs. The proposed cleaning method is applicable to both existing treatment facilities and newly designed ones.
21
Wu, Yi, Jun Dai, Qiong Wan, Guobin Tian i Dongyang Wei. "Purification of Urban Sewage River Using a Biological Aerated Filter with Sponge Iron and Ceramsite Mixed Fillers". Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (27.12.2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8862903.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Filler plays an important role in biological sewage treatment technology. In the purification of urban sewage river, the single sponge iron filler is easy to harden. The combination of sponge iron and ceramsite can hinder the hardening and improve the removal efficiency. In this paper, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the fillers. The removal efficiency experiments were carried out through the self-designed biological aerated filter (BAF) reactor with sponge iron and ceramsite mixed fillers, and the microorganisms attached to the surface of the biological fillers were qualitatively and quantitatively identified through 16S rDNA. The results indicate that the presence of Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Fe3C, and Fe2CO3 in sponge iron determines that sponge iron has strong reducibility and provides electrons for efficient denitrification. NaAlSi3O8 in ceramsite filler plays a significant role in phosphorus adsorption. In #3, #4, and #5 reactors (the mass ratios of sponge iron and ceramsite were 1 : 1, 3 : 1, and 1 : 3, resp.), the removal efficiencies of mixed fillers are good on chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), and nitrogen (N), and the more the ceramsite fillers in the reactors are, the higher the microbial abundance and diversity are. The mixture of sponge iron and ceramsite can be used to purify urban sewage river. A scientific basis to purify the polluted water body of urban rivers in situ is thus provided.
22
Yin, Shu Hua, Yu Chun Wang, Wen Qi Peng, Yan Liang Du, Bo Gao, Ji Jun Gao, Huai Dong Zhou, Qing Yi Meng i Qi Jun Li. "Urban River Water Purification Experiment by Strengthening Ecological Engineering Methods". Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (lipiec 2014): 1341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.1341.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Based on the biological purification technology combined with the engineering measures, the enhanced nitrogen purification biological experiment is implemented in Wenyu River in Beijing. The water in the river mainly is the outflow from the sewage treatment plant, in which the ammonium (NH4-N) has been effectively removed for the deeply nitrification, while treatment of the nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and total nitrogen (TN) is incomplete due to the denitrification. The water has low C/N value and has poor biodegradability. In this study, aiming at the water feature of low C/N and poor biodegradability, the effective way to strengthen denitrification by some enhanced techniques, such as increasing the microorganisms number and biodegradability (ie, improved nitrogen ratio), changing denitrification rates and so on, has been studied. The experimental results show that under the condition of water flow (Q) as 15 ~ 27L/hr, hydraulic detention time as (HRT) 10 ~ 18h, concentration of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) as 12.20 ~ 31.44mg / L, and total nitrogen (TN) as 14.50 ~ 34.71 mg / L, the removal rates of NO3-N and TN are over 30%.
23
Colin, T., A. Bories, Y. Sire i R. Perrin. "Treatment and valorisation of winery wastewater by a new biophysical process (ECCF®)". Water Science and Technology 51, nr 1 (1.01.2005): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0012.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Taking account of the high specificity of the organic load of winery effluents, a new biophysical treatment using the stripping of ethanol combined with a final concentration by evaporation has been studied. Two options are proposed: full treatment and pre-treatment. The study of the composition of winery wastewater has shown the large, dominant part of ethanol in the organic load (75 to 99% of the COD). According to a linear correlation between COD and ethanol concentration, the determination of ethanol concentration can be used to estimate the organic load of winery wastewater. Full treatment by stripping and concentration at a pilot plant allows the separation of the wastewater into highly purified water (COD elimination>99%), a concentrated alcoholic solution usable as bio-fuel and a concentrated by-product. Stripping alone represents an advantageous pre-treatment of winery wastewater. The purification rate reaches 78 to 85% and ethanol is recovered. The process facilitates discharge into a sewage system in view of treatment with domestic effluents and can also improve the efficiency of overloaded or old purification plants.The economical approach of this method demonstrates its competitiveness in comparison with biological treatments: low energy consumed, no sludge.
24
Hultgren, J., L. G. Reinius i M. Tendaj. "Upgrading of the Treatment Plants in Stockholm to Meet More Stringent Requirements". Water Science and Technology 22, nr 7-8 (1.07.1990): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0232.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The purification requirements for the Stockholm sewage treatment plants will become more stringent in the future. The expected limit values for the effluent, expressed as annual mean values, are for BOD7, Tot-P, and Tot-N, 10, 0.3 and 15 mg/l respectively. If these contents are multiplied by the design flow values for the three plants, we obtain the maximum quantities which may be released. If the relevant authorities permit the municipality to distribute these total quantities as desired between the three plants, future necessary extensions can be optimized. The following main principles apply to an extension of the three plants: Loudden sewage treatment plant: This comparatively small treatment plant could, if the requirements are lower than in the other two plants, continue in operation with no other extensions than the inclusion of anoxic zones. It would, however, be necessary to refurbish the plant after a number of years of neglected maintenance. Bromma sewage treatment plant: The biological stage was extended during the 1982-84 period. For this reason, the municipality suggests that no further extensions of the aeration tanks be required, before 1995 at the earliest. A nitrogen removal with outgoing contents of Tot-N of 15-17 mg/l is expected to be achieved by measures taken to reduce the load on the biological stage instead. These measures consist of centrifuging the excess sludge and pumping it directly to the digesters instead of returning it to the inlet. Furthermore, separate treatment of the reject water from the sludge centrifuges is planned. A third measure could be changing over to a more efficient precipitation chemical to permit a further reduction of the load on the biological stage with regard to, inter alia, BOD7, Tot-N etc. To meet the requirements for phosphorus removal (0.3 mg/l), the plant will be extended with a filter stage after the existing biological stage. Henriksdal sewage treatment plant: At this plant, which is the largest of the three, the largest extensions are planned. To meet the requirements for nitrogen removal, the present volumes in the aeration tanks will be tripled and will be utilized as anoxic and aerated zones as required. Three new lines with aeration tanks and secondary sedimentation tanks will be constructed. The existing aeration tanks will also be deepened from 5 to 12 m. The requirements for low phosphorus contents in the effluent will be met by installing a filter stage, as in the Bromma plant.
25
ALSIŅA, INA, LAILA DUBOVA, OLEG KASSIEN i NATALYA SHLAFMAN. "ENSURING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE BASED ON THE USE OF SEWAGE SLUDGE". Economic innovations 24, nr 2(83) (20.06.2022): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2022.24.2(83).17-28.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Topicality. The events of recent years (the Covid-19 pandemic, hostilities in Ukraine) have led to a significant increase in world food prices. Thus, the FAO price index in February 2022 reached a historic high of 140.7 percentage points. One of the significant factors in this situation is a significant increase in prices for fertilizers for agriculture, which leads to their shortage. This actualizes the search for a solution to the problem of using sewage sludge as biological resource for sustainable agriculture and ensuring the implementation of sustainable development goals, including goals 2, 6, 11, 12, 15.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to analyze various aspects of the use of sewage sludge in agricultural production as one of the promising ways to achieve sustainable development goals.Research results. The content of organic matter in the sludge can improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil by ensuring better soil cultivation and water retention capacity, especially when dehydrated sewage sludge is used. Biosolids reduce runoff and increase surface water retention. Organic nitrogen in sludge is much less likely to cause groundwater pollution than chemical nitrogen fertilizers. The use of sewage sludge on agricultural land is the best way to recycle the nutrients it contains. Sewage sludge can therefore be considered an important biological resource for sustainable agriculture. Physico-chemical characteristics of sewage sludge of different origin were compared. The concentration of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus were similar. Nevertheless, there are some site-specific factors that make each sewage sludge unique and must be taken into account to predict the outcome of sewage sludge treatment. To achieve the goal, an analysis was made of the effect of sewage sludge on the physico-chemical and microbial properties of the soil; its impact on plants and their productivity; the problems of using soil sludge in agriculture, taking into account its contamination with various substances (heavy metals, microplastics and pharmaceuticals), have been studied.Conclusions. Sewage sludge is a promising fertilizer for sustainable agriculture, taking into account the need for an effective technology for its purification from hazardous substances.
26
Li, Yong, Siyuan Zhao, Jiejie Zhang, Yang He, Jianqiang Zhang i Rong Ge. "Screening and Diversity Analysis of Aerobic Denitrifying Phosphate Accumulating Bacteria Cultivated from A2O Activated Sludge". Processes 7, nr 11 (7.11.2019): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7110827.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The aerobic denitrifying phosphate accumulating bacteria (ADPB) use NO3− as an electron acceptor and remove nitrate by denitrification and concomitant uptake of excessive phosphorus in aerobic conditions. Activated sludge was collected from the A2O aerobic biological pool of the sewage treatment plant at Hezuo Town, Chengdu City. The candidate ADPB strains were obtained by cultivation in the enriched denitrification media, followed by repeated isolation and purification on bromothymol blue (BTB) solid plates. The obtained candidates were further screened for ADPB strains by phosphorus uptake experiment, nitrate reduction test, metachromatic granules staining, and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) staining. The 16 sedimentation ribosome deoxyribonucleic acid (16 S rDNA) molecular technique was used to determine their taxonomy. Further, the denitrification and dephosphorization capacities of ADPB strains were ascertained through their growth characteristics in nitrogen-phosphorus-rich liquid media. The results revealed a total of 25 ADPB strains screened from the activated sludge of the A2O aerobic biological pool of the sewage treatment plant at Hezuo Town. These strains belonged to two classes, four orders, and five genera. Among them, the strain SW18NP2 was a potentially new species in the Acinetobacter genus, while the strain SW18NP24 was a potential new species in the Pseudomonas genus at the time of their characterization. The Acinetobacter was the dominant genus. The obtained ADPB strains demonstrated a rich diversity. The ADPB strains had significant variations in denitrification and dephosphorization capacities. Twenty-three strains exhibited a total phosphorus removal rate of above 50%, and 19 strains exhibited a total nitrogen removal rate of above 50%. The strain SW18NP2 showed the best denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPR) capacity, with a dephosphorization rate of 82.32% and a denitrification rate of 73.73%. The ADPB in the A2O aerobic biological pool of the sewage treatment plant at Hezuo Town demonstrated a rich diversity and a strong DPR capacity.
27
Mažeikienė, Aušra, i Julita Starenko. "Investigation of Activated Sludge Process". Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 9, nr 4 (11.09.2017): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2017.1053.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
It is important to control not only the large wastewater treatment plants work, but also the work of individual small wastewater treatment plants for the protection of environment. Individual small wastewater treatment plants can become the local sources of pollution, when they are not functioning properly. Sewage purification indicators are not always the same as declared at wastewater treatment plants documentation in real conditions, so it is important to control the properly work of individual small wastewater treatment plants. The work of the small wastewater treatment plant AT-6 was analyzed by the treated sewage results (BDS7, SM, NH4-N, NO3-N, NO2-N, PO4-P), the quality of activated sludge, biological indicators and enzymatic activity in this article. The nitrification process was not going very well by the results of research, because there was the 72 mg/l concentration of ammonium nitrogen remaining in the cleaned wastewater. The morphological study of the activated sludge has confirmed the hypothesis that the necessary conditions for nitrification process were not established. The oxygen supply was increased and the small wastewater treatment plant functioning become more efficient, because nitrification process started working properly – there was less than 1 mg/l of ammonium nitrogen remaining in the cleaned wastewater.
28
Vítěz, Tomáš, i Petr Trávníček. "Study of settling velocity of sand particles located in wastewater treatment plant". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, nr 1 (2011): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159010249.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The objective of this paper was to determine and compare the theoretical and experimental settling velocity of sand particles in the water. For the determination of settling velocity sand from wastewater treatment plant was selected. Sand is transported to the wastewater treatment plant by a sewer system with sewage water, especially in locations with a combined sewer system. It is necessary to capture and separate sand in the first step of wastewater purification, which is called primary treatment, otherwise sand can cause problems in the technological line that will have an impact mainly on the economy of operation. For sand capture sedimentation is usually used, principle of sedimentation is based on physical properties of the sand, especially depends on density of the sand. For the experimental measurement of the settling velocity of the sand a laboratory track path had been created. Obtained settling velocities were compared to theoretically calculated settling velocities in accordance with the Stokes Law, Allen’s Law and Newton’s Law.
29
Gruzinov, V. M., N. N. Dyakov, I. V. Mezenceva, Yu A. Malchenko, N. V. Zhohova i A. N. Korshenko. "Sources of coastal waters pollution near Sevastopol". Океанология 59, nr 4 (17.09.2019): 579–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0030-1574594579-590.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The results of current ecological investigations of marine waters in Sevastopol region are presented. The main sources of water pollution described for Sevastopol Bay and other part of coastal line from cup Lukull till cup Foros were described. The position of Waste Water Treatment Plant underwater outlets, the volume of waste-waters discharges and the degree of their purification were estimated. With the help of the side-scan sonar, the state of the heads of the sewage treatment plants in the region was examined. The features of the vertical distribution of hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics are shown. The preliminary estimation of the currents near the sewages outlets were studied using autonomic buoys and mathematical modeling. Based on historical data and results of recent cruises in 2016–2017 the nutrient concentration, and total petroleum hydrocarbons and organic matter by biological oxygen demand BOD5 content were described. The nutrients content for all studied forms was much lower then Maximum Allowed Concentration and no significant difference between different parts of Crimea coastal waters were marked. Marine waters pollution by TPHs is much higher in Sevastopol region and in Kerch Strait in comparison with Yalta port.
30
Gornostal, S., D. Horban i O. Petukhova. "IMPROVEMENT OF THE MODE OF OPERATION OF BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES". Municipal economy of cities 3, nr 170 (24.06.2022): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2022-3-170-35-43.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Despite the strict requirements for wastewater quality, intensive pollution and accumulation of industrial pollution, potentially hazardous substances, continues in the places of wastewater discharge. Therefore, the aim of the study is to improve the operation of biological wastewater treatment plants to ensure compliance with environmental requirements. To achieve this goal, the features of wastewater treatment are analyzed and it is found that the treatment process depends on the concentration of activated sludge, the amount of air and the properties of the wastewater entering the treatment. With this in mind, it is proposed to adjust the ratio of "sewage active sludge air" to ensure compliance with environmental requirements. Factors influencing the cleaning process are also identified. Such factors are the consumption of wastewater coming for treatment, oxygen saturation of the mixture of activated sludge and wastewater, the quantity and quality of activated sludge fed into the aeration tank. In addition, the peculiarities of the processes occurring in different parts of the buildings are taken into account, and it is proposed to divide the cleaning process into two stages. The first stage takes place in the first corridor of the aeration tank (regenerator), where the activated sludge enters for regeneration. The second stage covers the second or third corridors of the aeration tank and the secondary settling tank, where the wastewater is first mixed with activated sludge, then the mixture is discharged to the secondary settling tank. An experimental study of the cleaning process was carried out, as a result of which the necessary data for the mathematical description of the processes were obtained. After processing the experimental data, regression equations were obtained that describe the purification processes in the system "aeration tank-displacer - secondary settling tank", namely the change in the concentration of activated sludge at the outlet of the regenerator and the change in the concentration of contaminants in the purified water. The adequacy of the equations was checked according to Fisher's test. It was found that the equations are adequate to real processes within the accepted conditions and assumptions. Analytical solutions of the obtained equations allow to analyze the course of purification processes at different stages, to determine the influence of factors on the process. A procedure for the use of equations is proposed, which allows without additional experiments to choose the mode of operation of biological treatment facilities, which will ensure compliance with environmental requirements.
31
Charnyi, D. V., E. M. Matseliuk i Y. A. Onanko. "Specificities of the study of physical and chemical treatment of wastewater with a significant content of synthetic phosphate-based detergents". Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник "Меліорація і водне господарство", nr 1 (25.06.2020): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/mivg202001-217.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The relevance of research. Despite the decrease in the total volume of sewage over the first decades of the 21st century in the territory of Ukraine, the nature of the contaminants that make up their composition has changed significantly. In particular, the content of phosphate compounds and ammonium nitrogen increased. The increase in the phosphate component of wastewater is caused by the widespread of synthetic phosphate-based detergents. Existing treatment facilities are not designed to remove significant volumes of phosphate compounds. That provokes the process of reservoirs eutrophication, their secondary contamination due to biological processes (catastrophic reproduction of cyanobacteria and rapid development of higher aquatic vegetation). Possible ways to solve this issue include: prohibition of the use of synthetic phosphate-based detergents; reconstruction of sewage treatment plants, which will enable effective retention of phosphate compounds; reconstruction of water treatment plants, which will enable to purify poor quality water from water sources and the combination of all these three ways, but not with the global prohibition of the use of synthetic phosphate-based detergents, but by increasing the extra charges for them to the level of phosphate-free detergents and subsidizing them for that.
Research results. A number of physical and chemical methods based on the oxidation reactions of a model solution of synthetic detergent were investigated. In particular, such a promising area of new water purification technologies as the use of so-called advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs), in which strong oxidants are generated by electric discharges in the water-air environment or on the surface of a thin film of water. Ozonation was performed using an apparatus that combined cavitation treatment and ozonation. The results of organic component oxidation experimental studies of the model solution with the use of «Fenton» reagent, physical methods of purification (ozonation with cavitation, plasma treatment) and treatment with hydrogen peroxide are presented.
Conclusions. The best oxidation effect of the organic component of the model solution was achieved with the use of «Fenton» reagent – 89.5 %. All physical methods (cavitation with ozonation and plasma treatment) achieved about 50 % reduction in COD content: ozonation - 58.3 %; plasma treatment - 51.3 %. The worst results were obtained when treating with hydrogen peroxide - 1.78 %. The experiments in this area need to be continued because all the methods that have been tested require further water purification. In our view, it may be advantageous to combine physical treatment methods with «Fenton» reagent or with additional adsorption of organic compounds residues or with additional biological treatment.
32
Vandevenne, Louis. "An operational survey of a natural lagoon treatment plant combining macrophytes and microphytes basins". Water Science and Technology 32, nr 3 (1.08.1995): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0128.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The sewage treatment plant studied, located in a rural area, is designed to treat the wastewater for a population of 650. The station functions in accordance with the principle of natural lagoons via artificial wetlands combining macrophytes and microphytes lagoons arranged in series. The overall surface area including the primary lagoon gives rise to a specific load of 6 m2/inhabitant. Both the primary and secondary treatments produce a very good water quality in accordance with the conventional parameters (SS, Suspended Solids; BOD5, the Biological Oxygen Demand over a 5 day period; COD, the Chemical Oxygen Demand). The tertiary purification of the nitrogen and phosphorus does not give as good results as expected, respectively 42% and 35% removal; very little better than those of a conventional installation. The tertiary quality standard appears not to be attainable since the successive biological mechanisms carrying out the elimination process are followed by a release of the pollutants and an insufficient elimination (plant exportation) by the macrophytes. The design and management of the macrophytes basins is relatively tricky, particularly with respect to the removal of weeds and the regulation of the water level in the macrophytes basins.
33
ADENIRAN, Kamoru Akanni, i F. A. AKINWUNMI. "Relative Coagulation Effectiveness of Jatropha curcas Press Cake (Physic Nut) and Aluminium Sulphate in Purifying Domestic Sewage". Notulae Scientia Biologicae 8, nr 3 (22.09.2016): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb839849.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
An investigation was conducted on the relative effectiveness of using press cake of dried Jatropha curcas (Physic nut) seed and alum (Aluminium sulphate) for the purification of domestic sewage. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) replicated three times. Physical and chemical properties of domestic sewage were investigated before and after the purification exercise. Treatments imposed included: the control culture (no alum and Jatropha), 10 mg/l of Aluminium Sulphate (alum) treatment, 80 mg/l of J. curcas treatment, 100 mg/l of J. curcas treatment and 120 mg/l of J. curcas treatment. The results showed that for the total dissolved solids, cultured tanks treated with 80 mg/l of J. curcas reduced the sewage concentration from 30.1 mg/l to 23.20 mg/l, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) was reduced from 30.55 mg/l to 30.10 mg/l, increased acidity from 5.33 mg/l to 5.66 mg/l, reduced alkalinity from 6.35 mg/l to 6.0 mg/l, reduced pH from 7.6 to 6.55, and likewise 10 mg/l of alum also reduced pH from 7.6 to 6.55. The cultured tanks treated with 120 mg/l of J. curcas performed best in reducing turbidity and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the sewage. The turbidity was reduced from 5.99 NTU to 5.6 NTU; 120 mg/l of J. curcas also reduced total hardness from 9.6 mg/l to 7.15 mg/l, total solids from 55.6 mg/l to 55.17 mg/l. Cultured tanks treated with 10 mg/l of alum reduced total dissolved solids from 30.1 mg/l to 24.30 mg/l, while those treated with 80 mg/l of J. curcas reduced it from 30.1 mg/l to 23.20 mg/l, 100 mg/l and 120 mg/l of J. curcas reduced it to 25.20 mg/l. Total suspended solids increased from 25.5 mg/l to 30.96 mg/l for 10 mg/l of alum, to 30.22 mg/l for 80 mg/l of J. curcas, 30.26 mg/l for 100 mg/l of J. curcas and 30.38 mg/l for 120 mg/l of J. curcas. Conductivity increased withion the study period from 525 μS/cm to 830 μS/cm for 10 mg/l of alum, to 590 μS/cm for 80 mg/l of J. curcas, 634 μS/cm for 100 mg/l of J. curcas and finally to 662 μS/cm for 120 mg/l of J. curcas. The results show that, within the reduction of BOD, pH, alkalinity and total solids, 80 mg/l of J. curcas performed best, while for reduction of COD and turbidity, 120 mg/l of J. curcas gave the best results. The study showed that Jatropha curcas was effective in purifying domestic sewage with little or no harmful effect on the ecology.
34
Kyllönen, Hanna, Juha Heikkinen, Eliisa Järvelä, Lotta Sorsamäki, Virpi Siipola i Antti Grönroos. "Wastewater Purification with Nutrient and Carbon Recovery in a Mobile Resource Container". Membranes 11, nr 12 (9.12.2021): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11120975.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Water reuse from wastewater treatment plants can significantly reduce freshwater demand. Additionally municipal sewage and some industrial wastewaters could be used as sources of nutrients and carbon more effectively than they are used today. Biological treatments have attracted the most attention in wastewater purification, whereas, so far, only a little attention has been paid to the physico-chemical technologies. These technologies could, however, have great potential to recover nutrients when purifying wastewater. In this study, the main emphasis was to study the possibilities to utilize existing physico-chemical unit operations for wastewater purification and nutrients as well as carbon recovery. Unit operations were selected so that they could produce exploitable circular economy products from wastewaters and be assembled in a mobile container for carrying out recovery anywhere that is suitable. The results showed that in a mobile container, solids could be successfully separated from the studied wastewaters by flocculation-assisted solid/liquid separation and then processed into hydrochar by hydrothermal carbonization. Phosphate was precipitated using lime milk as calcium phosphate, and ammonium nitrogen was captured from the wastewater using membrane contactor technology resulting in ammonium sulphate for fertilizer use. Additionally, reverse osmosis retained residual impurities well, producing good quality water for reuse. The techno-economic feasibility seems promising.
35
Ali, Sharique A. "Fish Poly Culture in Domestic Wastewater Ponds: A Step Towards Protein Rrecovery and Pollution Reduction". Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 15, nr 3 (30.09.2022): 386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.3.3.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Reclamation or recycling wastewater is an alternative to the gradual degradation of natural water resources. Reused or domestic sewage is highly loaded with nutrients, suspended solids, organic and inorganic matter, and microorganisms that provide natural food for several species of edible fishes. The effluent contains excessive nutrients which may increase the growth of aquatic plants and stimulate the production of natural food for fish. Oxidation ponds or stabilization ponds in the tropics are recognized as effective and economical units for the treatment of domestic sewage as well as biodegradable industrial wastes if managed properly. The driving force in a waste oxidation pond is solar energy utilized by active continuous photosynthesis. The action of sunlight on algae in the pond enables them to grow and rapidly consume the nutrients contained in the sewage. The algae and bacteria play an inter-dependent symbiotic role in these ponds, while the algae use the nutrients and carbon dioxide by bacterial decomposition, the bacteria make use of the oxygen liberated by the algae during photosynthesis, consequently increasing the rich natural biomass for the fishes. Updated compiled information in this review article suggests that domestic waste-water aquaculture is one of the best alternative ways to remove eutrophication as well as increase the culture of poly carps. This domestic sewage-purification cum reclamation bioprocess can be one of the cheapest methods, where natural sunlight, tropical conditions and biological parameters if managed judiciously, can be recycled and reclaimed for economically viable fish culture.
36
Dyshliuk, V. Ye, N. V. Pyliak i L. L. Loban. "AGROECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EVALUATION OF ELIGIBILITY OF SEWAGE SLUDGE FROM TREATMENT FACILITIES OF THE CITY OF ODESA FOR FERTILIZATION". Agriciltural microbiology 26 (27.10.2017): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.26.55-62.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The complex of indicators of quality of sewage sludge (SS) of biological purification stations“Pivnichna” and “Pivdenna” of the City of Odessa was investigated for establishing a safe way of theirdisposal. It was established that these of SS are characterized by a number of positive features: they contain relatively small concentrations of pollutants, have a weakly acidic and acidic reaction of the medium,a wide Ca2+/Na+ratio in the salt composition, a high absorbent cationic capacity and saturation of absorbed complex with calcium ions; according to the fertilizer properties (in particular, the total nitrogencontent), they exceed traditional fertilizers and, according to agroecological assessments, are suitable foruse as fertilizers in the fields (after balancing them with the composition of the main nutrients and subjectto the recommended restrictions on the dose and frequency of application) and/or as local organic rawmaterial for processing it on the fertilizing biocompost (mixture) for use in agriculture
37
Sabliy, L. "PROBLEMS OF SOAPSTOCK TREATMENT OF VEGETABLE OIL PRODUCTIONS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS". Biotechnologia Acta 14, nr 4 (sierpień 2021): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech14.04.080.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Wastewater generated during vegetable oil production contains various pollutants that enter it during soapstock processing: fats and fatty acids and their salts (aqueous soap solutions), glycerin, phosphoglycerates, neutral fat, phosphatides, proteins, carbohydrates, dyes, unsaponifiable and waxy substances, salts, mechanical impurities, etc. Aim. The purpose of the work was to study the processes of purification of industrial wastewater from oil production and to propose an effective technology for their treatment, taking into account the regulatory requirements for the discharge of treated wastewater into the city sewage system. Methods. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was determined by the dichromate method. The concentration of suspended solids was determined by gravimetric method. Results. As a result of research, calcium carbonate was chosen as an alkaline reagent. After treatment of soapstock with calcium carbonate followed by flotation, the effect of removing the suspended particles was 70–75%, and COD decreased by 60%. On the basis of the research, a technology for processing soapstock was proposed, including sequential processes of physicochemical wastewater treatment —averaging, alkalization with calcium carbonate, stage I of flotation, coagulation, stage II of flotation, oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, filtration through quartz filters and adsorption on carbon filters. Conclusion. An effective technology for preliminary cleaning of the soapstocks oil production has been developed. This will significantly reduce the concentration of organic matter and other pollutants in soapstocks, which will significantly reduce the impact of such effluents on the processes of biological wastewater treatment of urban wastewater treatment plants.
38
Diamantis, V., W. Verstraete, A. Eftaxias, B. Bundervoet, V. Siegfried, P. Melidis i A. Aivasidis. "Sewage pre-concentration for maximum recovery and reuse at decentralized level". Water Science and Technology 67, nr 6 (1.03.2013): 1188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.639.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Pre-concentration of municipal wastewater by chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) was studied under controlled laboratory conditions. Both iron and aluminium-based coagulants were examined at gradually increasing concentrations (0.23, 0.35, 0.70 and 1.05 mmol/L). The CEPT sludge generated from different coagulation experiments was digested in batch anaerobic reactors, while the supernatant was tested in a dead-end microfiltration setup. The results of the study show that biogas yield was dramatically decreased (from 0.40 to 0.10 m3/kg chemical oxygen demand of influent) with increasing coagulant dose. In contrast, supernatant filterability was improved. Based on the laboratory results, a conceptual design was produced for a community of 2000 inhabitant equivalents (IE), using CEPT technology (at low coagulant dose) with anaerobic digestion of the concentrates. According to this, the capital and operational costs were 0.11 and 0.09 €/m3, respectively. The biogas generated is used for digester heating and the overall process is energy self-sufficient. At a small-scale and in private applications, CEPT technology is preferably operated at higher coagulant dose, followed by membrane filtration for water reuse. Accordingly, sewage purification and reuse is possible without implementing aerobic biological processes.
39
Romaña, L. A., P. Brisset, G. Pagano, A. Amoux, Y. Martin, A. Caillot i R. Loarer. "Use of Radioactive Tracing Techniques to Identify Participate Deposits and Biological Effects of Urban Effluents Discharges from Sewage Outfalls". Water Science and Technology 25, nr 12 (1.06.1992): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0343.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The discharge at sea of domestic effluents can present, in terms of its particulate phase, very different behaviors depending on the quantity discharged, on the type of purification treatment, as well as on the dumping method and on the dumping site. Consequently, it is extremely difficult to identify the relation between the deposits originating from the dumped waste and the modifications undergone by the substrate and by benthic populations. We have therefore focused our efforts on the particular case of East Toulon which is representative of most Mediterranean urban effluents discharges, in order to study the fate and impact of the particulate matter released by the sewage pipe (1,800 m long, 42 m deep) in the area close to its outfall. The first phase consisted in searching for preferential deposit areas with the use of a radioactive tracer (hafnium) injected for 35 consecutive days on a continuous basis at the outlet of the physico-chemical purification plant. This tracer which fixes itself irreversibly on the particulate matter, was systematically tracked on the sea bottom with a sled carrying a nuclear detection probe. This enabled a cartography of deposits to be established both on a temporal (four times) and a spatial basis. A multi-disciplinary sediment survey was then conducted, based on these results. Samples were collected at various distances from the outfall. In addition to standard parameters (particle size, matter content), the main toxicants originating from the discharge were examined. Finally, we used the same samples to carry out toxicological assays on sea urchins, based on sediment-induced alterations in embryogenesis, cell division and fertilization. Our findings revealed a non-monotonous trend in the embryo-toxicity of sediments which was satisfactorily consistent with the preferential deposit area of the (toxic) suspended matter originating from the discharge.
40
Dušak, Vesna, i Renata Bagnall. "Using AHP Method for Making a Decision on How the Management of Sewage Sludge in the Northern Croatia". Journal of information and organizational sciences 41, nr 2 (14.12.2017): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31341/jios.41.2.2.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
By 2018, in Croatia, the agglomerations for collecting the sewage and water treatment systems are going to be constructed. All devices will be based on the mechanical-biological method of purification. However, the work of water treatment system produces a problem of sludge management. The paper presents the challenges of wastewater sludge handling and makes a decision on further sludge management. The hierarchical model of the decision making problem by defining the goal, criteria and alternative solutions is developed. On each level of the hierarchical model the elements of the model are compared with each other in pairs, and the preferences are expressed by using the Saaty’s scale. Moreover, the APH model compares the alternative pairs (thermal processing, deposition on agricultural land, disposal to waste repositories and composting) among each others. The intensities and weight preferences of one alternative over another are selected within the required criteria (economic, environmental, organisational and sociological).
41
Lakatos, Gyula, Magdolna K. Kiss, Marianna Kiss i Péter Juhász. "Application of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in Hungary". Water Science and Technology 35, nr 5 (1.03.1997): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0230.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper presents a brief survey of the Hungarian constructed wetland types that have been established for wastewater treatment in the last thirty years, and gives an analysis of the design and performance of those reed ponds that have been constructed for the polishing of petrochemical wastewaters. Natural treatment processes are in great demand because they are protective of the environment and have low operation costs and satisfactory purification efficiency. Three major types of treatment wetlands are utilized in Hungary: free water surface system, subsurface flow system, and artificial floating meadow system. Since the 1970s, the petrochemical industry has utilized sewage treatment systems consisting of ponds of emergent and/or submerged macrophyte vegetation that operate as free water surface systems. In the wastewater treatment system of Nyirbogdány, the average COD removal efficiency is around 60%, while the reed-submerged weeds pond has an efficiency of 25%. In the reed pond of the TIFO post-treatment pond system, the total phosphorus removal averaged 40% for several years, while the nitrogen removal efficiency has not exceeded 35%. For both constructed wetlands, the nutrient stabilising and heavy metal accumulating role of the aquatic plant-periphyton complex has been quantified, and the biological water quality has been found to be typical of any other natural water bodies.
42
Gaga, Younes, Safaa Benmessaoud, Mohammed Kara, Amine Assouguem, Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, Fahad M. Al-Hemaid, Mohamed S. Elshikh, Riaz Ullah, Artur Banach i Jamila Bahhou. "New Margin-Based Biochar for Removing Hydrogen Sulfide Generated during the Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment". Water 14, nr 20 (20.10.2022): 3319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14203319.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The present research concerns the development of a new device and process intended for the purification and treatment of sulfurous elements, and more particularly, of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from the biogas produced at the time of the anaerobic fermentation in the purification stations. The controlled dumps or any other unit are likely to produce biogas with concentrations of H2S harmful to the operation of the machines for the valorization of the produced biogas or deodorization. This device uses new biochar from a mixture of dehydrated digested sludge from sewage treatment plants and margins from traditional crushing units, followed by biological treatment in a liquid medium at a controlled temperature. The liquid medium is based on a margin (nutrient) with culture support (large granules of biochar) in suspension by the injection under the pressure of biogas coming from the biochar filter. Physico-chemical characterization of the biochar and a test practiced on the new device of raw biogas treatment were realized. The results showed that the newly synthesized biochar has a low specific surface and a highly undeveloped porosity. The spectrum corresponding to the images of the biochar reveals the presence of C, O, N, Al, Si, P, and Fe, as significant elements with the following respective percentages: 37.62%, 35.78%, 1.87%, 4.26%, 7.33%, 8.56%, and 4.58%. It is important to note that the C content of the biochar thus synthesized found by EDX is quite comparable to that estimated from ATG. Biogas treatment test results on the prototype object of the invention eliminated 97% of the H2S from the biogas produced.
43
Piaskowski, Krzysztof, i Paweł K. Zarzycki. "Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as Promising Material for Wastewater Treatment Processes". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 16 (13.08.2020): 5862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165862.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In the latest literature search, the technology based on graphite oxide (GO) nanomaterials exhibits a great potential in many aspects of wastewater treatment involving adsorption, photocatalysis, disinfection and membrane process. In this study experimental data involving the carbon element in different forms such as active carbon (AC), graphite and graphene oxide (GO) applied as the active reagents in wastewater treatment are summarized and discussed. The first step was to characterize the aforementioned carbon materials and nanoparticles using various complementary techniques. These include optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectrophotometry and zeta potential measurements. The second issue was to design the relatively simple experiment enabling us to observe the physicochemical and biological effects of carbon nanoparticles in the presence of sewage water and/or active sludge. Obtained experimental data have been inspected using univariate and multivariate (principal component analysis, PCA) approaches confirming the complex interaction of GO nanoparticles with microorganisms that are present in activated sludge. This experiment enabled the collection of an initial data set to design different large scale investigations focusing on active nanoparticles affecting wastewater purification. PCA calculations clearly revealed that GO strongly affects the wastewater technological processes investigated. It is hoped that the described results will allow the design of smart environmental protection systems in the future.
44
Jin, Qiu, Liangang Chen, Shengyun Yang, Chaochao Zhu, Jingang Li, Jing Chen, Wei Li i Xinxin Peng. "Carbon Reduction and Pollutant Abatement by a Bio–Ecological Combined Process for Rural Sewage". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, nr 2 (16.01.2023): 1643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021643.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In order to explore the treatment effect of a bio–ecological combined process on pollution reduction and carbon abatement of rural domestic wastewater under seasonal changes, the rural area of Lingui District, Guilin City, Guangxi Province, China was selected to construct a combined process of regulating a pond, biological filter, subsurface flow constructed wetland, and ecological purification pond. The influent water, effluent water, and the characteristics of pollutant treatment in each unit were investigated. The results showed that the average removal rates of COD, TN, and NH3–N in summer were 87.57, 72.18, and 80.98%, respectively, while they were 77.46, 57.52, and 64.48% in winter. There were significant seasonal differences in wastewater treatment results in Guilin. Meanwhile, in view of the low carbon:nitrogen ratio in the influent and the poor decontamination effect, the method of adding additional carbon sources such as sludge fermentation and rice straw is proposed to strengthen resource utilization and achieve carbon reduction and emission reduction. The treatment effect of ecological units, especially constructed wetland units, had a high contribution rate of TN treatment, but it was greatly impacted by seasons. The analysis of the relative abundance of the microbial community at the phylum level in constructed wetlands revealed that Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetota, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla. The relative abundance of microbial communities of Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria decreased to a large extent from summer to winter, while Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Planctomycetota increased to varying degrees. These dominant bacteria played an important role in the degradation of pollutants such as COD, NH3–N, and TN in wetland systems.
45
Boychuk, Oleksandr, Katherine Pershina, Olga Bystryk, Olga Gayday, Oleksandr Lyashevsky, Larisa Koval i Natalia Perynska. "ABOUT POSSIBILITIES OF THE SECONDARY WASTEWATER USING OF THE BIOENERGETIC COMPLEX". Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 86, nr 8 (15.09.2020): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/2708-129x.86.8.2020.126-133.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The analysis of the general physical and chemical indicators and the maintenance of heavy metals of sewage of a bioenergy complex is carried out. It is established that the sedimentation rate of suspended particles in wastewater depends on the location of filtration fields with wastewater from the source of contamination. At the source, there is a maximum excess of the number of suspended particles with a minimum deposition rate. In all wastewater samples, the indicators of chemical and biological oxygen consumption exceeded the permissible standards by three orders of magnitude for reservoirs for recreational water use and those located within the settlements. Thus, this water cannot be discharged into any natural water basin and requires additional purification from organic matter. Also for this water, the use of biological treatment methods without additional chemicals is ineffective. The presence of a complex of macro- and microelements in wastewater in combination with a high content of organic matter (humus and sulfonic acids) may be the basis for their use as raw material for fertilizer production.
46
Bolto, Brian A., David R. Dixon, Stephen R. Gray, Chee Ha, Peter J. Harbour, Ngoc Le i Antony J. Ware. "The use of soluble organic polymers in waste treatment". Water Science and Technology 34, nr 9 (1.11.1996): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0191.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Organic polymeric flocculants have been used in water purification for several decades as coagulant aids or floc builders, after the addition of inorganic coagulants like alum, iron salts or lime. The increased use of cationic polyelectrolytes as primary coagulants instead of inorganic salts, which has occurred in recent times, arises from their significant inherent advantages. The main ones are faster processing, a lower content of insoluble solids to handle, whether by sedimentation, filtration, flotation or in biological conversion, and a much smaller sludge volume. Polymers have often been used in chemically assisted sedimentation of sewage solids to enhance the removal of suspended matter. The concept is applicable as well to the primary coagulation of industrial wastewaters where the separation may be based on flotation, as in examples from the leather, steel, wool scouring, cosmetic, detergent, plastics, dyehouse, paper, food processing and brewing industries. A cationic polymer of particular charge density is optimal, and hydrophobically modified polymers have relevance in the case of oil and grease removal. The burden of solids which must be floated is much reduced relative to systems utilising inorganic coagulants, and the dosage of chemicals overall is lower. In some cases the addition of some inorganic coagulant is unavoidable, as in the case of highly coloured effluents; in others, an anionic surfactant is needed to facilitate flotation.
47
Bischof, Franz, Wolfgang Schulz, Ralph Teckenberg i Peter Nitsch. "Increase of purification capacity in small treatment units". Water Science and Technology 33, nr 10-11 (1.05.1996): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0672.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Especially in rural regions most of the costs for wastewater treatment arise from the sewerage system due to the long distances between the different smaller communities and the centralized treatment station. Meanwhile, there are a lot of different systems available for smaller communities like trickling filter systems or activated sludge treatment systems, respectivly. In general, these smaller treatment units can fulfill the demands for the purification efficiency given by the law. But especially in the range of about 200 to 1000 population equivalents there are hardly any systems known which can serve for a controlled denitrification process. Normally two single, locally distinguishable, basins are erected to allow for the biological demands of the denitrification process. This results in pumping an enormous amount of wastewater with dissolved nitrate within the treatment station, the so-called internal recirculation. In this paper, a novel reactor is described where the nitrification zone was set above the denitrification zone in one tank. Both regions are separated by an intermediate bottom. Stirring and aeration in the different zones are carried out simultaneously by two different-sized hyperboloid stirrers. The paper will give an introduction in the working principle of this novel system which was developed for community sizes lower than 1000 population equivalents. It can demonstrate the visualization of the flow field and the exchange of water between the two different zones.
48
Shmychkova, O., V. Protsenko i A. Velichenko. "Wastewater treatment from pharmaceuticals: a review". Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, nr 3 (maj 2021): 4–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2021-136-3-4-31.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A critical analysis of literature data on wastewater treatment from pharmaceuticals was carried out. It was shown that many different methods have been proposed for the treatment of wastewaters containing drugs, pharmaceuticals and veterinary medicines; all these methods can be classified as destructive and non-destructive ones. The traditional methods of wastewater treatment include the following: biological treatment, filtration and coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation processes, they being the most common in sewage purification. Some up-to-date and advanced methods (advanced oxidation processes, electrochemical treatment, etc.) are also known. The used methods of wastewater treatment from pharmaceuticals can be conventionally divided into several following groups: (i) chemical treatment with the addition of hydrogen peroxide and/or other oxidants, such as ozone and sodium hypochlorite, together with catalysts to the system; (ii) photocatalytic methods; and (iii) electrocatalytic methods. It was noted that peroxene-based systems are especially promising for practical application; they imply the use of hydroxyl radical as an effective oxidant that is formed from the primary oxidant by its catalytic decomposition. The so-called conditionally reagent-free methods are considered as an alternative to chemical treatment methods, they include electrocatalytic and photochemical techniques, where oxygen-containing radicals (i.e. oxidizing agents) are formed under the action of electric current or UV radiation on the proper catalysts. An additional advantage of electrochemical methods is the possibility of direct electrochemical destruction of organic substances. The main disadvantages of such methods as well as other heterogeneous catalytic systems are relatively high sensitivity to the composition of a catalyst and too low process rate due to decelerated delivery of pollutants to the interfacial boundary where the reaction occurs.
49
LIU, LIN, XUJIE LU i JIHUA CHEN. "DYNAMIC MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY FOR PRINTING WASTEWATER REUSE". International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, nr 06n07 (20.03.2009): 1943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209061871.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
As environmental regulations become rigid and the cost of freshwater increases, wastewater is considered as a major resource in China. The paper presented a study on the implementation of the advanced treatment process using dynamic membrane (DM) in reusing of printing wastewater. The DM was well formed by circulating 1.5g/L of PAC in 20 minutes, the trans-membrane pressure of 200 kPa and the cross-flow velocity of 0.75m/s. The printing effluents were treated in effluent treatment plants comprising a physicochemical option followed by biological process. The treated effluent contained chemical oxygen demand (COD), color and turbidity in the range of 45-60 mg/L, 0.030-0.045 (absorbance at 420 nm) and 3-5 NTU. The results showed that the COD, color and turbidity removal efficiencies of the DM permeate were 84%, 85% and 80%, respectively. The wastewater treated by DM was reused as process water and the final concentrated retentate could be discharged directly into sewage treatment works with no additional treatments. Cleaning and regeneration of DM were very convenient if necessary. The proper process was that the polluted DM was cleaned with tap water at high cross-flow velocity. When irreversible pollutants accumulate, it would be rinsed with chemicals tested and the membrane flux would be restored up to 95%. The result showed that DM was considered as a promising method for purification aimed at reuse of printing wastewater, resulting in direct environmental and economic benefits.
50
Kim, Sang Ho, Myeong kyu Park, Ja Kyung Seol, Jae Min Im, Hae Sung Park, Heung Sik Seo, Hee Ju Park i Sung Soon Nah. "Evaluation of potential eye or skin irritation/corrosion in rabbit exposed to TiO2 photocatalyst (GST)". Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology 36, nr 3 (28.09.2021): e2021022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2021022.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
TiO2 NPs photocatalyst is widely used in a variety of applications and products in the environmental and energy fields, including self-cleaning surfaces, air and water purification systems, sterilization, hydrogen evolution, and photoelectrochemical conversion. The possible biological and safety effects of TiO2 dermal exposure and absorption have not been well studied and more investigations on the potential health hazards of the TiO2 are needed. This study aimed to investigate potential effect of local lesions (eye and skin irritation/corrosion) for new TiO2 material powder, GST produced through sludge recycling of the sewage treatment plant in according to the OECD test guideline (TG 404, 405) and imaging evaluation (micro-computed tomography analysis), histopathology examination. Also, P-25, commercial photocatalyst was used to compare with GST. For the eye or skin irritation/corrosion test, the test substances (GST, P-25) showed no irritation/corrosion for local lesions and the GHS category was identified as a “No hazard class”. The imaging analysis indicated that GST did not penetrate or distribute in the local lesions (eye, skin) and the treatment-related effect was not observed in histopathology. Therefore, the present study revealed that new TiO2 powder, GST was considered to be no potential effects (irritation/corrosion), penetration or distribution in the local lesions (eye, skin).