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Molus, Wilma, Verena Thomas, Jackie Kauli i Laurie Buys. "'I want to buy my own block of land': Representation of urban settlement communities in Papua New Guinea". Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 27, nr 1and2 (30.09.2021): 232–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v27i1and2.1196.
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Urban settlements are home to around half the urban population of Papua New Guinea. Since the end of the Second World War, PNG towns and cities have experienced significant growth of urban settlements. Urban dwellings were established on customary and untransformed state lands. With limited support for services from government, informal settlements in the urban landscape have often been perceived from the perspective of their deficiencies. However, residents of urban settlement communities play an important role in urban economies. The purpose of this article is to critically review perceptions of settlements and issues affecting settlement communities in PNG, both in the mainstream media and from within settlement communities. The authors first present a media content analysis of reporting on settlement communities on PNG’s main online media sites. Second, they examine urban market vendors’ personal experiences of the challenges and solutions of living in Kamkumung Settlement in Lae. Drawing on storytelling and photovoice workshops with market vendors at Awagasi market, they argue for the need for media actively to include the voices of settlement residents. The article suggests that, by better understanding the context and personal experience of residents, journalists and the media could make a stronger contribution to sustainable development and urban planning in PNG.
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Смирнова, Дарина Сергеевна, i Светлана Ивановна Яковлева. "SUSTAINABLE ELEMENTS OF PERIPHERAL DISTRIBUTION: EXPERIENCE OF RESEARCH". Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: География и геоэкология, nr 2(34) (17.06.2021): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/2226-7719-2021-2-25-39.
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Цель исследования - выявление элементов устойчивости расселения периферийного района Тверской области (на примере Спировского района). Научная новизна - в привлечении и статистико-картографическом анализе разных источников первичной информации о сельских населенных пунктах (людности и национальном составе): наряду с материалами переписей населения, использованы данные похозяйственных книг (с 1939 г.) Анализ расселения выполнен на уровне сельских населённых пунктов и ареалов этнического расселения. The aim of the study is to identify the elements of the stability of the settlement of the peripheral district of the Tver region (on the example of the Spirovsky district). Scientific novelty - in the attraction and statistical and cartographic analysis of various sources of primary information about rural settlements (population and national composition): along with the materials of the population censuses, the data of household books (since 1939) were used. The analysis of the settlement was carried out at the level of rural settlements and areas of ethnic settlement.
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Ma, Ming, i Jng Kong. "Study on the Ecological Experience of Inner Mongolia Grassland Traditional Herdsmen Settlement Construction". Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (maj 2011): 6543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.6543.
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This paper base on the study and analyze the Inner Mongolia grassland traditional residence building and settlement space, summarize the ecological experience in settlement location, space characteristic, architectural technology and resource utilization. Explore the suitable ecological strategy and ecological technology in Inner Mongolia grassland human settlements construction.
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Bykasova, V., i K. Kolodin. "Arrangement features of the ecological settlement in the Baikal natural territory". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, nr 4 (1.12.2021): 042040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/4/042040.
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Abstract The article reviews one of the types of ecological tourism – ecological settlement, its history, advantages and disadvantages. The domestic experience of ecological settlement engineering according to the criteria was analyzed, as well as the experience of existing settlements in the Baikal Natural Territory. The generally accepted scheme of ecological settlement arrangement cannot be implemented in its original form, since each site has its own features. Lake Baikal and its adjacent territories are UNESCO sites, have difficult climatic, geomorphological, landscape conditions, etc. The relevance of ecological settlement arrangement in this territory has been proved. As a result of the analyzes, a scheme of ecological settlement arrangement in the BNT was created. The results obtained allow us to conclude that it is possible to expand the field of research and search for new models. Cluster-based ecological settlements can serve as one of the directions for development. However, one of the most effective ways to check the results is the actual ecological settlement arrangement in the BNT with subsequent study during construction and operation.
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Ольга Викторовна, Петровская,, i Ткаченко, Александр Андреевич. "STUDYING EXPERIENCE OF DISTRICT SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS IN CENTRAL RUSSIA". Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: География и геоэкология, nr 4(40) (16.12.2022): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/2226-7719-2022-4-26-40.
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В работе предпринята попытка охарактеризовать основные виды районных систем расселения регионов Центрального (за исключением Москвы и Московской области) и Центрально-Черноземного экономических районов. Районные системы расселения (далее РСР) - самый распространенный вариант систем расселения, именно эти системы являются непосредственной средой обитания сельского населения и населения малых городов и поселков городского типа. В последнее время роль райцентров в жизни районов возрастает. Виды районных систем расселения выделены путем совмещения классов центров РСР, заселенности территории и доступности центров. С помощью этой методики получено 9 видов РСР. Рассмотрена динамика численности населения в районных системах расселения разных видов за период с 1989 по 2022 год. Выявлены виды РСР, для которых характерна наибольшая убыль населения. In the paper there was an attempt to characterize the main types of district settlement systems in central regions of Russia (except Moscow and Moscow district) and Central Chernozem economical districts. District Settlement Systems (further - DSS) - the most widespread variant of settlement systems and these very systems are actually the environment of rural population and population of small towns and urban-type settlements. Recently the role of district centres is growing, The types of district settlement systems are singled out with the help of combination of the DSS classes, population density and accessibility of centres. 9 types of the DSS were distinguished with the help of this method. The changes of the population in district settlement systems of different types (throughout the period from 1989 to 2022) were examined. The types of DSS for which the decrease of the population is typical were found out.
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Christianson, Amy, Tara K. McGee i Lorne L'Hirondelle. "How historic and current wildfire experiences in an Aboriginal community influence mitigation preferences". International Journal of Wildland Fire 22, nr 4 (2013): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf12041.
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Peavine Métis Settlement is located in the boreal forest in Northern Alberta, Canada. The objective of this paper was to explore how different wildfire experiences in an Aboriginal community influence wildfire mitigation preferences at the residential and community levels. Residents of Peavine had varying experiences with wildfire over an extended period of time including traditional burning, firefighting employment and bystanders. Despite these different experiences, participants still implemented or supported wildfire mitigation activities, although for differing reasons depending on experience type. Participants were found to have implemented or supported wildfire mitigation activities on the settlement, including their own properties and public land. Experience type influenced why wildfire mitigation had been implemented or supported: primarily wildfire risk reduction (firefighters), primarily aesthetic benefits (bystanders) and for both aesthetic benefits and wildfire risk reduction (historic traditional burners). The extensive fire experiences of residents at Peavine Métis Settlement have provided insights into how experience influences mitigation preferences. The results show it is important to consider predominant wildfire experience types in a community before developing a wildfire mitigation program. The findings of this study may have relevance for other Aboriginal communities that have experience with wildfires.
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de Jager, Thelma, i Mashupye Herbert Maserumule. "Innovative Community Projects to Educate Informal Settlement Inhabitants in the Sustainment of the Natural Environment". Sustainability 13, nr 11 (1.06.2021): 6238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116238.
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Increasing informal settlements are characterised by unplanned land management; lack of housing, sanitation, sufficient water and electricity supplies; overpopulation; high health risks; and growing urban poverty. These informal settlements are mostly occupied by citizens and immigrant families who seek job opportunities in urban areas. To sustain the ecology of the invaded land and provide a liveable informal settlement, education of the inhabitants is essential. Teachers as the implementers of sustainable environment curricula could be valuable in addressing the environmental challenges these informal settlement communities experience by educating children on how to sustain the environment. Data were collected by means of a literature study and an online survey consisting of closed and open-ended questions completed by student teachers (n = 280). Participants’ perceptions, perspectives, and experiences regarding educating informal settlement inhabitants in the sustainment of the environment were significant in answering the research questions. Most of the participants (n = 216) had visited informal settings, 48 were inhabitants, and 16 had never visited an informal settlement. Most of them believed that educating children at an early age and the inclusion of a compulsory subject on the sustainability of the environment were essential. Education can contribute to the sustainment of clean water, food, and the environment. Additionally, interactive community projects such as recycling, waste management, composting, aquaponics to grow plants, and infrared thermal imaging to detect plant diseases could assist informal settlement inhabitants in sustaining the environment.
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Smith, Michael E., José Lobo, Matthew A. Peeples, Abigail M. York, Benjamin W. Stanley, Katherine A. Crawford, Nicolas Gauthier i Angela C. Huster. "The persistence of ancient settlements and urban sustainability". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, nr 20 (10.05.2021): e2018155118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2018155118.
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We propose a dedicated research effort on the determinants of settlement persistence in the ancient world, with the potential to significantly advance the scientific understanding of urban sustainability today. Settlements (cities, towns, villages) are locations with two key attributes: They frame human interactions and activities in space, and they are where people dwell or live. Sustainability, in this case, focuses on the capacity of structures and functions of a settlement system (geography, demography, institutions) to provide for continuity of safe habitation. The 7,000-y-old experience of urbanism, as revealed by archaeology and history, includes many instances of settlements and settlement systems enduring, adapting to, or generating environmental, institutional, and technological changes. The field of urban sustainability lacks a firm scientific foundation for understanding the long durée, relying instead on narratives of collapse informed by limited case studies. We argue for the development of a new interdisciplinary research effort to establish scientific understanding of settlement and settlement system persistence. Such an effort would build upon the many fields that study human settlements to develop new theories and databases from the extensive documentation of ancient and premodern urban systems. A scientific foundation will generate novel insights to advance the field of urban sustainability.
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Shami, Seteney. "Historical Processes of Identity Formation: Displacement, Settlement, and Self-Representations of the Circassians in Jordan". Iran and the Caucasus 13, nr 1 (2009): 141–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/160984909x12476379008160.
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AbstractThis article examines how the historical experience of displacement and resettlement shapes key notions of identity and self-representation among Circassians in Jordan. Circassians, one of the peoples of the North-West Caucasus arrived in the Ottoman Empire in large waves of migration in the late 19th century and were settled as agricultural communities in different provinces of the empire. The experience of settlement, the types of settlements formed, and the relationships with the local inhabitants in the places of settlement—all inform the sense of identity among Circassians. The key images of being displaced, settlers, and Muslims enable Circassians both to maintain a sense of difference but also to integrate into the broader Jordanian society.
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Aksarin, Vyacheslav Valerievich. "Settlements of the Ostyako-Vogulsky National District in the 1930s : Number and Typology." Genesis: исторические исследования, nr 10 (październik 2022): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2022.10.39041.
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The subject of the study is the settlement network of the Ostyako-Vogul National District of the Omsk region, the object is spatial placement, number, typology, size (by the number of inhabitants) its localities. In addition, the influence of natural-geographical, socio-economic and other conditions for the development of the network of settlements was taken into account. The sources for the study of the settlement network were the documents of the Russian State Archive of Economics (RGAE) introduced into scientific circulation for the first time: materials of the Central Statistical Office under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, lists of populated places indicating the population according to the All-Union Census of 1939 in the Ostyako-Vogul National District. The work used historical-comparative, historical-typological, statistical research methods, as well as methods of graphical representation of the data obtained. Analysis, comparison and critical approach allowed us to consider the process of development of the settlement network in the studied district. Reference to the historical experience of the settlement network of the national district will contribute to the replenishment of data on the history of the regional settlement system. For the first time, a quantitative analysis of the structure of settlements showed the predominance in the typology of the settlement network of yurts, villages, settlements, the presence of a small number of villages. The size of villages of different types in the district is determined. Thus, the number of inhabitants of yurts averaged 35 people, villages – 85, settlements – 482, villages – 892.
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Yang, Hua, i Bin Xu. "Settlement Calculation and Analysis of the Southwest Airport High Fills Settlement". Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (listopad 2013): 786–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.786.
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This paper,according to the airport high fill measured data of Settlement, the filling height of not more than filling half the width of the settlement,is divided into central uniform settlement area and boundary affected zone; Central uniform settlement area can be regarded as one-dimensional compression state, layered summation method to calculate the theoretical final settlement value; then, according to the settlement data, using the hyperbolic method, exponential curve method to predict the final settlement, compared with the theoretical sedimentation value, thrust reversers experience in the specification formula coefficient, the ratio is the sedimentation coefficient of experience. The empirical coeffcient is 0.49~0.92.
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Vásconez, Ximena Bustamante. "The Mediated Settlement Agreement The Ecuadorian Experience". Journal of International Arbitration 28, Issue 3 (1.06.2011): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2011023.
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There is no consent regarding the nature and effects that should be given to a Mediated Settlement Agreement (MSA) in the international level. Consequently, some jurisdictions conceive it merely as a contract with the correspondent enforcement procedure, whereas others seek to provide it with a stronger effect homologating the MSA with a judgment or even an arbitral award. In this diverse setting, the Ecuadorian experience presents an interesting case of analysis because it provides the MSA with the same effects of a final judgment and of res judicata establishing a summary enforcement procedure. Such disposition provides the MSA with an original nature that in a way combines both contracts and judgments. Therefore, the document containing the MSA has been defined as an authentic instrument product of an alternative mechanism for the administration of justice, which provides it with the effects of a final judgment and of res judicata, and that contains a typified or nominated convention which essential characteristics are determined by the Arbitration and Mediation Law.
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Tjitradi, Darmansyah, i Eliatun Eliatun. "Visualisasi Dan Identifikasi Pola Retak Dinding Bata Akibat Penurunan Pondasi Struktur Bangunan Di Kota Banjarmasin". Jurnal Gradasi Teknik Sipil 2, nr 1 (23.07.2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31961/gradasi.v2i1.575.
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The City of Banjarmasin has very low soil bearing capacity leading to a significant number of buildings experiencing foundation settlement. This causes many elements of the buildings to develop cracks and to lean. The foundation settlement is modelled using ANSYS by taking five building structure models with brick walls loaded with their selves weight. Through this modelling the crack pattern and the stress distribution on both walls and the structural elements can be visualised and identified.
The results show that the following columns experiencing foundation settlement develop longitudinal cracks, crack patterns on brick walls are diagonal at every bottom corner of the columns and vertical at the edge of the inner columns if there is no foundation settlement. Crack patterns on brick walls take form of a letter V if only one or two outer column experience foundation settlement, and crack patterns on brick walls also take form of an inverted letter V if only the inner columns or two adjacent columns experience foundation settlement. Foundation settlement experienced by inner columns of a brick wall is a major cause of damage to structural components.
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Ozorhon, Guliz. "A Study on Analysis of Housing Settlements: The Case of Senesenevler". Open House International 41, nr 1 (1.03.2016): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2016-b0008.
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This study on the knowledge/experience transfer regarding architectural space has two main objectives. The first of these is to develop an in-depth analysis on housing settlements and the second one is to provide pioneering and unique approach of a housing settlement in the 50s in Istanbul to architectural milieu. In the study, first how it is possible to propose such a method will be discussed, and will be followed by a review of the literature on the subject of housing and by which parameters it can be described. After this preliminary research, a systematic approach consisting of two steps (1. Reading, 2. Conceptualization) to analyze the housing settlements will be proposed and this approach will be exemplified by a housing settlement in Istanbul. In short, this article is primarily concentrated on tools required first to understand and then explain a housing settlement.
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Zhang, Zhong Miao, Cun Gang Lin i Shi Ming Wu. "Analysis on the Embankment Settlements Induced by Slurry Shield Under-Tunnelling". Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (maj 2011): 938–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.938.
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Based on field settlement monitoring data in construction of Hangzhou Qiantang River tunnel, the settlements of the embankment induced by two shields respectively were compared. The study shows that: 1.The settlements of the embankment induced by the west shield are larger, which are accounted for sustained rainfall, severe fluctuation of the chamber pressure, lack of construction experience and worse control of shield driving parameters. 2. Peck equation is applicable to settlement fitting in this case history. Trough back-analysis, the traverse tough-width parameter and ground volume loss range from 0.33 to 0.47, 0.99% to 1.57% respectively for the embankment settlements above the west tunnel, and from 0.24 to 0.34, 0.25% to 0.52% for the east tunnel. 3. Good control of shield driving parameters contributes to small disturbance to surrounding soils, thereby decreasing the induced settlements of the embankment.
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Sanders, Will, i Sarah Holcombe. "Sustainable governance for small desert settlements: learning from the multi-settlement regionalism of Anmatjere Community Government Council". Rangeland Journal 30, nr 1 (2008): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07034.
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In light of some basic desert demography, this paper examines governance patterns for small desert settlements. It traces policy histories which led to the emergence of highly localised, single settlement governance arrangements during the 1970s and ’80s. It also identifies the many pushes since within the Northern Territory local government system for more regional, multi-settlement governance structures. The paper goes on to examine the history of one such regional, multi-settlement arrangement in central Australia, the Anmatjere Community Government Council established in 1993. The paper details our work with this Council over the last 4 years on ‘issues of importance or concern’ to them. The paper aims to learn from the ACGC experience in order to inform the more radical restructuring of Northern Territory local government currently underway towards larger multi-settlement regionalism. It concludes with four specific lessons, the most important of which is that regionalism must build on single settlement localism.
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Rezayee, Maqsood, Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling i Siti Hajar Misnan. "Approaches to Addressing Informal Settlement Problems: A Case Study of District 13 in Kabul, Afghanistan". Engineering Management Research 9, nr 1 (20.02.2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/emr.v9n1p1.
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Afghanistan witnessed rapid urbanization in recent decades due to the post-war recovery process. When the war ended in 2001 with the fall of Taliban regime, most Afghan refugees returned to urban areas of Afghanistan, especially in Kabul. Moreover, the rapid urbanization, migration from rural areas, and population growth impacted Kabul with the manifestation of informal settlement. The residents of informal settlements suffer social and economic exclusion from the benefits and opportunities of an urban environment. Furthermore, the residents of informal settlements experience disadvantages such as geographical marginalization, shortage of basic infrastructure, improper governance framework, vulnerability to the effect of poor environment, and natural disasters. With all the above, the problems of informal settlements are considered enormous challenges for informal residents. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the proper approaches to addressing informal settlement problems in District 13 of Kabul. To reach the aim of the research, the interview and questionnaires survey were used as instrument in data collection. The finding of this paper indicates that through the resident’s preferences, government capacity, and District 13 physical condition, there are three approaches that can be implemented and adopted for improvement of informal settlement in District 13 of Kabul, which is settlement upgrading, the land readjustment, and urban redevelopment.
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ASWITA, W., BUDIMAWAN, M. LAMPE, H. NAPING, CONGRATULATIONS i A. A. ARIEF. "ARRANGEMENT OF THE BAJO ETHNIC FISHERMEN SETTLEMENT AREA BASED ON ECOLOGY AND LOCAL WISDOM ON THE COAST OF BONE BAY". International Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research And Studies 05, nr 06 (27.06.2022): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33826/ijmras/v05i06.5.
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Existence edge sea or coast beach is relative space dominant for settlement waters in Indonesia. of all many settlement waters in Indonesia, one of the of them is area live in the Bajo Tribe, which is located in the Bajoe Village, District Tanete East Riattang, Bone Regency. Forming process settlement the Bajo Tribe on the Coast Bone Bay to moment this, no free from condition geography and environment nature background behind by activity daily inhabitant as fisherman or sailor. Change pattern settlement from sea ( bido ') to land, causing the Bajo Tribe to experience change . This thing occur because by ecological, there are difference condition life on land with life in the sea. Temporary from side settlement seen that part big condition house stay from the Bajo Tribe Community in category no worthy inhabit and tend slum. Impact negative from existence settlement slum this no only character experienced micro directly by the settlers, but could character meso nor macro which is also felt by the people around settlement slum that. Problem settlement slum this will could lower quality environment coast and coast, as well as more far could damage ecosystem the sea that will have an impact on reducing results fish catch. Because that, research this aim for Describe characteristics settlement Fishermen of the Bajo Nation on the Coast Bone Bay and Instruct the right concept in residential area arrangement Bajo - based fishermen ecology and wisdom local. Research Type this is type non- experimental and non-experimental research descriptive-qualitative. Study this using the Snowball Sampling Technique and using SWOT analysis. Results: Based on Result of Analysis and Observation directly on location research, can be known that there are 3 types pattern settlements in the Bajo Tribe Settlement Area on the Coast Bone Bay namely 1) pattern settlement longitudinal (linear), 2) pattern settlement group, and 3) pattern settlement spread out. Based on results evaluation influence pattern settlement with aspect continuity could concluded that configuration most suitable room with draft sustainable for the arrangement of the Bajo ethnic settlement area, namely : pattern settlement group that can minimize damage environment. Other than that can also be used as the place for effort in increase economy Public as well as could maintain values social culture Public coast.
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Dnistryanska, Natalia, i Myroslav Dnistryanskyy. "Geocultural potential and historic-cultural tourism resources of very small urban settlements in Lviv region". Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, nr 49 (30.12.2015): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2015.49.8606.
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The essence of the concept of “geo-cultural potential settlement” is uncovered. Leading role of ethnic and religious factors in the formation of geo-cultural potential of very small urban settlements is grounded. The main stages of transformation of ethnic and religious structure of the population of Lviv region are defined and her influence on the formation of the cultural heritage of small urban settlements. It is concluded that the basis of geo-cultural potential of very small urban settlements of the region are Ukrainian cultural traditions, combined with the experience of other ethnic groups, especially the Polish, German and Jewish. The differentiation of urban villages and small towns a concentration on features monuments are analyzed and its socio-geographic importance are defined. Some options for using geo-cultural potential of very small urban settlements in the tourism industry are outlined. Key words: cultural heritage, geo-cultural potential settlements, a small urban settlement, historical and cultural tourism resources, tourism.
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Wiratama ; Franseno Pujianto, Gani. "THE GROWTH AND TRANSFORMATION OF PHYSICAL ELEMENT’S OF KERATON KANOMAN’S SETTLEMENT AREA IN 1695-2019". Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 4, nr 03 (30.05.2020): 252–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v4i03.3931.252-268.
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Abstract - Cirebon is one city that has been established for a long time in the archipelago. The city of Cirebon existed before the Dutch arrived. The city that has long been experiencing a process of change is longer than other cities that are relatively newer. Cirebon at the beginning of its growth, was a city centered on the Kingdom and included in the cosmic city according to S. Kostof (1991). Settlements in Cirebon City were initially oriented to the Cirebon Palace, one of which was the Kanoman Palace. The settlements around the Kanoman Palace were originally settlements that surrounded and centered on the Kanoman Palace. These settlements experience growth and change to become the form they are now. The objection of the research is to find out how the growth and development (morphology) of a settlement and what elements of the settlement were lost or maintained by the local residents and the Kanoman Palace. Settlement elements that are seen as changes are roads, nodes, district groups, landmarks, and edges. To find out growth, development, and change, it is necessary to compare the physical elements based on the longest maps that can be found, namely maps of 1695 to maps in 2019. In addition to archival data, other data are sourced from direct observation to the Kawassan settlement of Kanoman Palace, interviews with elders and the family of the Kanoman Palace. It was concluded that the housing mass grew rapidly and still maintained the Kanoman Palace and the Square as a regional landmark that had symbolic historical and religious values. Key Words: morphology, maintained, settlement elements, Kraton Kanoman
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Terpoy, Kristina. "Questioning Late Antique prosperity: the case of Lycia (southwest Turkey)". Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 43, nr 1 (kwiecień 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/byz.2018.22.
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The concept of a prosperous late antique eastern Mediterranean has become well-established in scholarship. Lycia (Turkey) is considered to be one such prosperous region in particular. This article questions the notion of ‘prosperity’ and its application to the Lycian region and argues that only certain coastal areas experienced what might be considered ‘prosperity’ in this period. Moreover, it is argued that some settlements, specifically those of the interior, did not experience ‘prosperity’, but may have even declined. Thus, a generalized application of ‘prosperity’ should be approached with caution as it masks nuances in the settlement development and economy of micro-regions.
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Малышев, А. А., А. Н. Бабенко i Е. А. Спиридонова. "THE GECHEPSIN FORTIFIED SETTLEMENT: EXPERIENCE OF COMPREHENSIVE EXCAVATIONS". Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), nr 264 (3.12.2021): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.0130-2620.264.407-421.
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Несмотря на очевидный прогресс в наших представлениях о системе расселения восточной периферии азиатского Боспора, круг известных памятников совсем невелик, а об их хронологии можно судить только на основании подъемного материала. Комплексные исследования на городище Гечепсин позволили выявить два строительных горизонта, датируемых керамическими материалами в пределах II в. до н. э. - II в. н. э. и охарактеризовать особенности топографии (фортификацию, коммуникации и т. п.). Исследованная кладка сооружения фортификационной системы крепости была сооружена на культурном слое эпохи позднего эллинизма и просуществовала не более века. Выявленные на площадке городища постройки возведены, судя по всему, в античных традициях сырцово-каменной архитектуры. В конце I тыс. до н. э. - нач. I тыс. н. э. в районе городища, согласно спорово-пыльцевому анализу, были широко распространены степные злаково-разнотравные растительные сообщества. Присутствие пыльцы водных растений в верхней части профиля отражает, вероятнее всего, использование речной глины для возведения сырцовых конструкций. Despite obvious progress in developing our concepts on the settlement system in the eastern periphery of Asian Bosporus, the group of the known sites is not that large, while their chronology can be determined only with the use of surface finds. Comprehensive excavations at the Gechepsin fortified settlement made it possible to identify two construction horizons dated by ceramic finds to 2 century BC -2 century AD and characterize specifics of topography (fortification, communications, etc.). The examined masonry of the fortress fortification construction was built in the occupation layer of the Late Hellenic period and did not function more than half a century. Constructions identified at the fortified settlement were, most likely, built in Ancient Greek traditions of adobe-stone architecture. At the end of I mill. BC - early I mill. AD steppe gramineous-mixed grass plant associations were widespread in the area around the settlement as evidenced by pollen analysis. Presence of water plant pollen in the upper part of the profile, most likely, reflects use of river clay for building adobe constructions.
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STEVENS, L., i S. RULE. "MOVING TO AN INFORMAL SETTLEMENT: THE GAUTENG EXPERIENCE". South African Geographical Journal 81, nr 3 (wrzesień 1999): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03736245.1999.9713670.
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Gafurov, Artur, Bulat Usmanov, Oleg Yermolayev, Airat Gubaidullin, Petr Khomyakov i Iskander Gainullin. "The “Country of cities” web-GIS: development experience and approaches used in creating a history-oriented geoportal". InterCarto. InterGIS 27, nr 4 (2021): 482–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2021-4-27-482-494.
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Providing convenient access to spatial information for multiple users is a big challenge. To solve this problem, researchers present the results of their research on thematic geoportals—geographic information systems (GIS) located on the Web. The main functionality of such web-GIS, in addition to directly displaying interactive spatial information, is the possibility of making custom searches, measuring lengths and areas, and providing access to related multimedia materials. Archaeological geoportals, unlike other thematic GIS, require special approaches to the implementation, as there is a necessity to provide convenient access not only to spatial information, but also a gallery of multimedia materials, as well as detailed descriptions. This paper describes the approach to the development of cartographic web-resource “Country of Cities” which provides access to the results of interdisciplinary research of Volga Bulgarian settlements. for user-friendly access to both cartographic and descriptive materials, it was decided to divide the geoinformation and analytical component into two separate but interconnected portals within one web resource. Web-GIS is based on the leaflet library and provides interactive access, besides the information about each ancient settlement itself, to the series of analytical maps—risk map of the development of exogenous processes, risk map of the destruction of ancient settlements, their present state, and many others. The main graphic and descriptive materials are presented on the web portal, where a special page was created for each ancient settlement with a descriptive block, a gallery with images of the settlement from an unmanned aerial vehicle, thematic and historical maps, as well as an interactive three-dimensional textured model of the corresponding archaeological site.
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Lisetskii, Fedor, Stanislav Ilyashenko i Zhanna Buryak. "Development of the information retrieval system to analyze the dynamics of the formation of settlements network". InterCarto. InterGIS 27, nr 4 (2021): 202–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2021-4-27-202-217.
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The use of geographic information systems provides an effective solution to the goal of mapping the results of the population distribution and redistribution of the population in the region of primary development, as well as to study the dynamics of settlement by key time slices. For effective spatial analysis of the results of the distribution and redistribution of the population, it is advisable to adapt the functionality of the information retrieval system using a map server, as well as a web application that provides data processing and interaction with a database that includes geodata and attributive information. The article presents the experience of developing an information retrieval system in the form of a cartographic web application and its application to establish the territorial logic of the regional settlement system for five historical and geographical periods (from the middle of the 18th century to date). The information retrieval system provides an option of graphic selection and display of settlements on the map, taking into account the formation of the settlement system according to the historical and geographical stages, as well as an option of searching by both modern and historical names of settlements. The performance efficiency of the information retrieval system was demonstrated using the case study of one of the Northern Black Sea regions, where the interests of Poland, Turkey and Russia clashed from the middle of the 18th century; and the spatial and temporal dynamics of the settlement system reflected the change in state borders. A series of electronic maps on five historical and geographical stages of the formation of a network of settlements was obtained thanks to its import into the geodatabase of an information retrieval system and the automatic distribution of settlements by chronological intervals (up to 1794, 1795–1860, 1861–1905, 1906–1918, 1919–2020). The final stage of stabilizing the growth of the number of settlements, which determined the settlement network density of 3.7 units per 100 km2, falls during the period of 1906–1941.
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Hulkó, Gábor, i László Pardavi. "Practical experience and the significance of the settlement tax in Hungary". Annual Center Review, nr 14-15 (2022): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/acr.2021-2022.14-15.06.
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The study deals with the theoretical and practical issues of settlement taxes as a special type of local taxes. The settlement tax is a unique type of local tax introduced in 2015, which can be levied on anything that is not subject to any other public or local tax. Municipalities, therefore, have a relatively large margin of discretion in setting the settlement tax. Within the framework of the present research, the significance of this type of tax within the Hungarian municipalities was examined from both a regulatory-theoretical and a practical perspective. It can be concluded that while from a theoretical-regulatory point of view a workable model for the implementation of this type of tax has emerged, the fiscal significance of this tax and its practical application is less popular. This study evaluates and analyses the period since the introduction of the settlement tax in the Hungarian legal system.
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Zykin, Ivan V. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE SETTLEMENT NETWORK IN THE TIMBER INDUSTRY OF THE SOVIET UNION IN THE 1930s". Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education, nr 4(72) (28.12.2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47055/1990-4126-2020-4(72)-14.
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The period of "socialist industrialization" of the late 1920s - early 1940s in the Soviet Union was associated with active construction of a settlement network, including in the forest industry. Active development of resources in the northern and eastern regions and in the European part of the country and construction and reconstruction of enterprises gave rise to a large number of working villages, some of which were given the status of town. Extensive operations across forestry areas and crisis in the industry in the last decades of the 20th and early 21st century led to the shrinking of the settlement network, especially in the timber harvesting sector, and the cities and towns for which timber enterprises were or still are a mono-employer have slipped into depression. This calls for turning attention to the experience of locating, planning and building worker villages in the timber industry in the late 1920s and early 1940s. This study of the settlement network revealed that settlements were set up close to timber production sites, worker villages tended to grow into towns, and several attempts were made to construct "socialist cities". Settlements near medium and large timber enterprises and those lying close to transport routes formed the framework of the settlement network of the industry, while the number of timber-logging villages began to decline since the late 1930s.
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Engler, Ágnes, Petra Aczél, Ágnes Réka Dusa, Valéria Markos i Marianna Várfalvi. "Appraisals of Childbirth Experience in Hungary". Social Sciences 10, nr 8 (11.08.2021): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10080302.
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The main focus of our research is to identify the factors that impact childbirth experience positively and negatively, with special attention to the case of caesarean sections. Drawing on a telephone survey conducted over four years between 2021 and 2018, we use data on 2000 Hungarian mothers and assessed a total of 4266 births. According to the regression analysis, there is a significant association between childbirth experience and settlement type, marital status, financial situation and factors measuring social support, as well as between high-risk pregnancy and informal patient payments. Significant results relating to caesarean sections indicate that the proportion of this mode of birth is higher among women who are older, completed a higher level of education and who live in settlements of a larger type. Based on regression analysis, we can conclude that the likelihood of opting for a caesarean section increases with the mother having a degree or diploma, giving birth with support from an obstetrician of her own choice, experiencing high-risk pregnancy or being older.
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Gao, Henry. "Taming the Dragon: China’s Experience in the WTO Dispute Settlement System". Legal Issues of Economic Integration 34, Issue 4 (1.11.2007): 369–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/leie2007022.
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To many observers, a major challenge raised by China’s accession to the WTO is whether the WTO dispute settlement system could cope with China, one of the major traders in the world with an economy that is halfway between a planned economy and a market economy. In this article, the author tries to answer this question by reviewing China’s experience in the WTO dispute settlement system. Historically, the senior leadership in China attached disproportionate importance to the WTO dispute settlement system and preferred to avoid using the system. Thus, in the first four cases in which China was sued or threatened to be sued in the WTO, China tried to keep a low profile and settled the cases with the complainants. As more and more cases are being brought against China, however, the effectiveness of the WTO dispute settlement system as a trade policy tool in dealing with China has gradually faded away. This is illustrated by China’s reactions to the cases brought against it over the past two years, where China has taken a more and more legalistic approach. While China, just as any other WTO Member, has every right to use the WTO dispute settlement system, an over-aggressive strategy against China runs the risk of dragging everyone into trade wars, which is not conducive to the solution of trade disputes.
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Gunina, Tatiana G. "TRANSITION TO A SINGLE-LEVEL SYSTEM MUNICIPALITIES: CONSEQUENCES FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT". Oeconomia et Jus, nr 2 (28.06.2022): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2499-9636-2022-2-61-72.
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In 2022, a large-scale reform of local self-government began: a corresponding bill was submitted to the State Duma. It provides for the embedding of local self-government into a single system of public authority in the Russian Federation, reforming the territories of municipalities and the powers of local self-government. The article examines the problem of transition to a single-level model of local self-government with the rejection of the settlement level, proposed by the legislator. Based on the analysis of the previous experience of municipal construction in the Russian Federation, foreign experience, statistical data, scientific concepts, expert opinions, the necessity of the presence of local governments at the level of settlements, the inadmissibility of liquidating the settlement level of local self-government is proved. The statement is substantiated that all the problems of the settlement level lie not in the organizational, but in the financial plane. The issue of the status of village elders and territorial public self-government bodies is raised in connection with their new powers and the need to increase this status from public amateur bodies to local governments. It is argued that the transfer of powers of local self-government to state authorities will not lead to a more effective solution of issues of local importance, since it will not reduce the costs of solving these issues, will not reduce the number of managerial personnel, but will only change the budget from which these expenses will be carried out, therefore, the solution of the issue - in the redistribution of public finances in favor of local budgets. The necessity of preserving settlements, the need to stop the process of reducing the number of municipalities, based on the geopolitical position of the Russian Federation, is substantiated. Ways of solving personnel and financial issues in order to preserve rural settlements are proposed.
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Lipovac, Nenad, i Nikolina Gradečki. "Mayan Cities of Yucatan". Prostor 26, nr 2 (56) (21.12.2018): 282–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31522/p.26.2(56).6.
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The research results on prehistoric Mesoamerican settlements in Mexico are presented through the planners’, rather than the archeological, point of view. Numerous settlement types and sizes were analyzed by comparing the archeological data and the personal experience gained during the research in situ. Even though the cities were unplanned, derived results proved the astonishingly high level in the construction of structures and buildings in relation to astronomical phenomena.
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Hooker, Claire, i Ian Kerridge. "Response—Liminality and the Mirage of Settlement". Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 19, nr 1 (marzec 2022): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11673-021-10160-w.
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AbstractLittle and colleagues’ (1998) paper describing a key aspect of cancer patients’ experience, that of “liminality,” is remarkable for giving articulation to a very common and yet mostly overlooked aspect of patient experience. Little et. al. offered a formulation of liminality that deliberately set aside the concept’s more common use in analysing social rituals, in order to grasp at the interior experience that arises when failing bodily function and awareness of mortality are forced into someone’s consciousness, as occurs with a diagnosis of cancer. We set out the reasons as to why this analysis was so significant in 1998—but we also consider how the “liminality” described by Little and colleagues was (as they suggested) a feature of modernity, founded on what we term “the mirage of settlement.” We argue that this mirage is impossible to sustain in 2022 amid the many forms of un-settling that have characterized late modernity, including climate change and COVID-19. We argue that many people in developed nations now experience liminality as a result of the being forced into the consciousness of living in a continued state of coloniality. We thus rejoin the social aspects of liminality to the interior, Existential form described by Little et. al.
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Whisenhunt, Donald W., i Peter G. Boag. "Environment and Experience: Settlement Culture in Nineteenth-Century Oregon." American Historical Review 99, nr 1 (luty 1994): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2166323.
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Hyde, Anne F., i Peter G. Boag. "Environment and Experience: Settlement Culture in Nineteenth-Century Oregon." Journal of American History 81, nr 1 (czerwiec 1994): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2081063.
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Isenberg, Andrew C., i Peter G. Boag. "Environment and Experience: Settlement Culture in Nineteenth-Century Oregon". Journal of Interdisciplinary History 25, nr 3 (1995): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/205745.
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Evans, Gail E. H., i Peter G. Boag. "Environment and Experience: Settlement Culture in Nineteenth-Century Oregon". Western Historical Quarterly 26, nr 1 (1995): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971303.
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Baglioni, Angelo, i Rony Hamaui. "The Choice Among Interbank Settlement Systems: The European Experience". Economic Notes 32, nr 1 (luty 2003): 67–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0391-5026.2003.00103.x.
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Jusoh, Sufian, Muhammad Faliq Abd Razak i Mohamad Azim Mazlan. "Malaysia and Investor-State Dispute Settlement: Learning From Experience". Journal of World Investment & Trade 18, nr 5-6 (6.12.2017): 890–917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340065.
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Abstract Malaysia is an important destination for foreign direct investment and has signed more than 70 investment guarantee agreements. Most allow investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) and Malaysia has been subject to three claims, including two fully argued cases: Philippe Gruslin and Malaysian Historical Salvor. Yet Malaysian companies have also utilised ISDS provisions: in MTD Equity Bhd v Chile, Telekom Malaysia v Ghana, and Ekran Berhad v China (the first-ever ISDS claim against China). These cases provide lessons for Malaysia in becoming better prepared to negotiate newer generations of investment treaties, and to defend further potential cases. Malaysia has not reacted negatively to investment treaties despite the cases filed against the country. In fact, in light of its evolving interests Malaysia has become more of a rule-maker in international investment law rather than a rule-taker. Malaysia thereby continues to liberalise its investment regime and provide better transparency – the best defence against claims.
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Drori, Israel. "Land settlement in Jamaica: The implementation of socialist experience". Public Administration and Development 10, nr 1 (styczeń 1990): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230100105.
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Sapeha, Halina. "Explaining Variations in Immigrants’ Satisfaction with Their Settlement Experience". Journal of International Migration and Integration 16, nr 4 (27.07.2014): 891–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12134-014-0371-3.
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Bickerman, John. "Mass tort settlement: New Jersey's experience with FRT plywood". Alternatives to the High Cost of Litigation 11, nr 5 (maj 1993): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alt.3810110508.
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Ozorhon, Ilker Fatih, i Guliz Ozorhon. "RURAL ARCHITECTURE AND SUSTAINABILITY: LEARNING FROM THE PAST". Journal of Asian Rural Studies 5, nr 1 (12.02.2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v5i1.2492.
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Traditional rural living environments have the potential to be instructive in numerous ways. Rural settlements, which are often created with a minimum of effort and have been around for thousands of years, can be a template for living environments of tomorrow. Starting off with that proposition, this paper goes on to emphasize the importance of examining the characteristics of traditional rural settlements in the context of sustainability. The article aims to analyze and thus improve our understanding of rural settlements, and in the process of doing so, it produces and reproduces knowledge within the field of sustainability. A model consisting of multiple layers was applied through the sampling of a particular rural-traditional settlement (Taraklı), thereby shedding light on the relationship between the settlement and the parameters of environmental sustainability. In that model, three main methods of learning from traditional architecture were proposed: (1) Learning From Vernacular Architecture (LF-VA) through existing settlements; (2) Learning From Experience (LF-E) through those who have learned from vernacular approaches; and, (3) Learning from Research (LF-R). Through the use of that model, the data obtained constitutes a holistic pool of information. The basic facts articulated in this pool are models, concepts and theories, and the prominent concepts include documentation, conservation, adaptation and innovation. As a result of the analysis based on the model, the relationship of the physical characteristics of the rural-traditional settlement exemplified in the article with the environmental sustainability parameters has been illustrated systematically. In the literature, the products of rural architecture generally exist with identification and documentation studies. In this article, the relationship between rural architecture and sustainability is discussed in the context of learning from the past and it is shown through an existing settlement.
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Ogundiran, Akinwumi O. "Factional Competition, Sociopolitical Development, and Settlement Cycling in Ìlàrè District (ca. 1200-1900): Oral Traditions of Historical Experience in a Yorùbà Community". History in Africa 28 (2001): 203–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172215.
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This paper is an assessment of the local historical model of sociopolitical development and settlement history in Ìlàrè community, southwest Nigeria. Ìlàrè was at the nucleus of an early sociopolitical formation in Ìjèsàland. The formation, known as Éka Òsun, held sway over the area of northern Ìjèsàland between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries. The study forms part of the ongoing archeological and historical investigations on the settlement history and regional interactions in central Yorùbàland.The episodes of settlement cycling are the hallmarks around which the historical experiences of Ìlàrè are organized. In other words, the trajectories of Ìlàrè's historical experience parallel the shifts in its settlement location (habitus). Moreover, the oral traditions stress intersocietal conflict and intergroup alliance as the important factors in the earliest sociopolitical transformations in northern Ìjèsàland. The traditions also highlight how factional competitions resulted in the continuous shift in the settlement of Ìlàrè within an area of about eight kilometers in diameter over an 800-year period. The oral historical narratives not only draw on kinship idioms in the construction of hierarchical social relations, but the narratives also emphasize intercommunity relations as the plot of historical experience and social actions.The attempt here is to outline the historical trajectories of events that heralded Ìlàrè as the political center and that characterized its transformations to a political periphery in northern Ìjèsàland. This study also historicizes the long-term patterns of relationship between factional competition and regional inter-community relations on the one hand and sociopolitical development and settlement cycling on the other.
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Shvandar, Kristina V., i Lyubov I. Khomyakova. "Regional Payment Systems of Asia, Africa, Latin America as a Tool for Regional Integration. Prospects for the Eurasian Economic Union". Financial Journal 14, nr 2 (kwiecień 2022): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31107/2075-1990-2022-2-43-54.
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The article considers the mutual payment systems of regional associations in Asia, Africa and Latin America in line with the global trend to reduce the share of the US dollar in settlements among countries belonging to trade, regional or integration blocs. We took for the research the Regional Payment System SML (Sistema de Pagamentos em Moeda Local) of the MERCOSUR countries, the Regional Mutual Settlement System SUCRE (Sistema Único de Compensación Regional) of the ALBA countries, the Regional Clearing and Settlement System REPSS (Regional Payment and Settlement System) of the COMESA, Settlement system of the Asian Clearing Union. It reveals features of these mutual payment systems, analyzes their contribution to the servicing of mutual trade turnover (noted such a feature of existing systems as their centric organization). The role of these systems in stimulating the use of national currencies by economic entities has been determined. It is indicated that the dedollarisation processes are closely related to the development of cross-border payments and the achievement of certain agreements on the development of a common payment space among countries of the same region that have economic ties, first of all active mutual trade. Based on the model and data on mutual trade turnover and the currency structure of settlements of the Eurasian Economic Union countries given Latin American, African and Asian experience, it forecasts an increase in the share of their national currencies in the servicing of mutual trade in goods and services.
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Zheng, Hai Chen, Wei Zhang, Guang Cheng Feng i Zhuang Liu. "The Construction Strategy Analysis of the Traditional Building Settlement on the Bonan". Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (sierpień 2013): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.407.
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The Da Hejia region of the Jishi hill county is the main settlements for the Bonan. Some basic research works have been done to achieve the region of modern architecture and vernacular architecture modern in recent years with the accelerated process of urbanization in the region. The building construction of traditional settlements for the Bonan were analyzed and sorted out from the aspects of the settlement morphology, spatial construction and architectural forms; the methods were used by the quantitative and qualitative analysis method from the architecture and landscape architecture perspectives based on field researches. The disappearing wealth has been recorded and cleared up by weighing the inherent characteristics; that will provide a reference value for the region's urban and rural construction in the future based on the settlements generation and development experience.
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Monsour, Anne. "‘Better than anywhere else’: Lebanese settlement in Queensland, 1880–1947". Queensland Review 21, nr 2 (12.11.2014): 142–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2014.22.
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Until the 1960s, the settlement of Lebanese migrants in Queensland was characteristically regional, with the immigrants dispersed widely throughout the state. Immigrant settlement involves a dynamic and complex interaction between the immigrants and the social, political and economic structures of the receiving society. An analysis of the settlement experience of Lebanese immigrants in Queensland from the 1880s reveals the interplay of several factors, which resulted in a distinct pattern of settlement. Fundamental to this experience was the influence of racially exclusive state and Commonwealth legislation and immigration policies. Additionally, Queensland's particular geography and style of development, in conjunction with the predominance of self-employment and the segregation of Lebanese in petty commercial occupations such as hawking and shopkeeping, significantly determined the immigrants’ geographic settlement pattern. Finally, a less obvious but nonetheless important factor was the determination of the immigrants to settle permanently in Queensland. Whatever the reasons, this dispersed settlement pattern significantly shaped the lives of the immigrants and their descendants.
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NAGHIYEV, N., i I. ISBATOV. "CITY DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN IN CONDITIONS OF FORMATION OF RELATED SYSTEMS OF SETTLEMENTS". Urbanizm 25 (2020): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.58225/urbanizm.2020-25-47-56.
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The established network of localities of the Republic of Azerbaijan despite the relatively small territory of the Republic (86.6 thousand square kilometres) includes all the types of settlements - from narrow-profile villages and small towns to multifunctional big cities (Ganja, Sumgait) and the largest city of Baku. The network of populated areas of the Republic of Azerbaijan consists of 60 cities, 125 urban-type villages and 4,256 settlements which allows considering it due to enough density, as the basis for the formation of prospective settlement. In the context of the rapid recovery of the agricultural economy of the Republic of Azerbaijan significant changes are taking place in the network of rural settlements consisting of a settlement of different industrial specialization. Work is underway to reorganize the existing dispersed network of rural settlements based on selected promising villages, a system of large comfortable rural settlements of the republic is being created. Today, the trends of inter-settlement ties between the population of the villages of Azerbaijan and the centres of social amenities and agro-industrial production that predeterminate in general terms the urban planning directions of the transformation of rural settlements of the Republic are increasingly evident. Therefore, in the conditions of Azerbaijan, certain difficulties arise in the urban planning order, which must be overcome in the foreseeable future. The experience of construction in the Republic of Azerbaijan shows that the development of cities and inhabited settlements systems is a process that can be consciously and purposefully influenced by society. Improving the management of the urban development of the Republic is a necessary condition for realizing the advantages and opportunities of the developed society in further improving the working, living and recreation conditions of people. Based on the above, at the present stage of development of the historically established settlement of the Republic of Azerbaijan, it seems necessary to take into account the importance of a comprehensive solution of urban development problems and the need to develop provisions that contain the real prerequisites for their consistent implementation. The transformation of the resettlement of the Republic of Azerbaijan is aimed at achieving several basic goals, predetermined by the steadily expanding practise of modern construction and the prospects for developing a network of populated places in the republic. The first main purpose of the transformation of the settlement of the Republic of Azerbaijan is to create urban planning prerequisites for the formation of a republican perspective system of inhabited places ensuring the best living conditions and comprehensive human development. This is the main social goal of prospective settlement in the territory of Azerbaijan. The second main goal of the transformation of the settlement of the Republic of Azerbaijan is aimed at creating urban planning prerequisites and conditions of the settlement, actively contributing to further rational development and placement of productive forces of the Republic. This is the main economic goal of prospective settlement in the territory of Azerbaijan. The third main goal of the transformation of the settlement of the Republic of Azerbaijan. This main ecological goal of prospective settlement in the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan is determined by the need to maintain ecological balance and preserve a favourable natural environment in different regions of the Republic, meeting the needs in a healthy natural environment, in creating an optimal microclimate in attractive landscapes. By the goals, results of the state analysis and the conditions for the transformation of resettlement in the Republic of Azerbaijan, the main options for the development of the regional system of populated areas of the republic for the long term are proposed. The development options are based on the concept of formation of group systems of settlements (GSS), which provides for a systematic transition from relatively separate autonomous development of cities and villages of the Republic to their interconnected spatial development.
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Bacho, R. J., N. M. Vdovenko i N. N. Poyda-Nosyk. "IMPLEMENTATION OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF PRE-TRIAL DISPUTE SETTLEMENT AT FINANCIAL SERVICES MARKETS IN UKRAINE". SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF POLISSIA 2, nr 2(10) (2017): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2017-2-2(10)-85-93.
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Marusheva, Oleksandra Anatoliivna. "EXPERIENCE OF ADVANCED COUNTRIES IN APPLICATION OF PRE-TRIAL SETTLEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION". UKRAINIAN ASSEMBLY OF DOCTORS OF SCIENCES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 1, nr 13 (27.08.2018): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/vadnd.v1i13.138.
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The paper highlights the practice of pre-trial settlements in the sphere of construction in advanced countries of the world. Specific features of scientific theoretical approaches to dispute settlement in construction works have been substantiated. The international experience of advanced countries in application of the mechanisms for alternative dispute resolution has been analyzed, and a comprehensive research into international legal acts has been conducted. The vector of priority directions and ways to introduce the alternative mechanisms in the conditions of the Ukrainian state are determined. It is proposed to achieve the desired results by applying the discussed forms under administrative system reform. It is noted that today the Ukrainian state is only at the stage of creating an alternative dispute resolution model in construction. It is noted that the idea of introducing this practice in the domestic legal system is supported by a wide range of specialists. Such an interest corresponds to the desire of Ukraine to harmonize national legislation. It is grounded that the definition of priority directions and ways of introducing alternative mechanisms in the field of construction in Ukraine is to apply foreign experience in the context of reforming the modern political system, namely decentralization. It is the application of the proposed model that should be implemented at the state, regional and local levels, legally consolidate it and solve urgent problems. Such a systematization, in my opinion, will lead to a more objective and perfect settlement of disputes over a short period of time. It is noted that nowadays there is a considerable scientific interest in this issue, the expediency of using alternative mechanisms in the Ukrainian state is solved. However, this is a rather controversial issue, so there is a need for a comprehensive study of experience in foreign countries and the identification of priority areas and ways of applying experience in modern conditions in Ukraine.
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Shcherbina, Elena V., i Elena V. Gorbenkova. "Modelling the Rural Settlement Development". Materials Science Forum 931 (wrzesień 2018): 877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.931.877.
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The research purpose is the definition of methodological approaches for rural settlements development modelling. The methods include the comparison of advanced domestic and foreign experience in area settlements development modelling. The scientific research is the rural development model that consists of five major systems: ecological, economic, administrative, anthropogenic and social. Besides, the basic systems of enablers and processes were identified. The expediency of applying the basic Pentagon-model concept that was successfully used for solving the analogous problems of sustainable development was shown.