Rozprawy doktorskie: „Settlement experience”

1

Suehn, Megan Rachel. "The experience of settlement work with LGBTQ newcomers". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54708.

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The purpose of this research was to contribute to the literature on migration and settlement work for LGBTQ newcomers and the service providers who support them in Canada. The study employed a descriptive phenomenological research approach to answer the following question: “What are service provider’s perceptions and descriptions of their work in supporting LGBTQ immigrant clients?” Interviews were conducted with twelve service providers working in settlement, social work, and counselling psychology, with experience working with LGBTQ newcomers ranging from fourteen months to twenty five years. Participants represented nine languages and five ethnicities, and worked within the Metro Vancouver region of British Columbia, Canada. Utilising Giorgi’s (2009) descriptive psychological phenomenological method, data analysis uncovered three overarching structures that captured participants’ experiences of settlement work with LGBTQ newcomers. These structures included a) service providers’ perceptions of LGBTQ newcomers’ needs and experience, b) organizational issues, and c) personal impact. This study contributes to a greater understanding of the ways in which settlement work is done with LGBTQ newcomers, and sheds light on factors that are both challenging and beneficial to their service provision work. Recommendations for further research are made, as well as specific recommendations for training and counselling psychologists working with LGBTQ newcomers.
Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate

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2

Haveric, Dzavid. "History of the Bosnian Muslim Community in Australia: Settlement Experience in Victoria". Thesis, full-text, 2009. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/2006/.

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This thesis examines the settlement experience of the Bosnian Muslims in Victoria. Overall this research exploration takes places against background of the history of the immigration to Australia. The study covers migration patterns of Bosnian Muslims from post World War 2 periods to more recent settlement. The thesis provides contemporary insights on Bosnian Muslims living in a Western society such as Australia. The thesis excavates key issues about Islam and the Muslim communities in Western nations and argues that successful settlement is possible, as demonstrated by the Bosnian Muslim community. By adopting a socio-historical framework about settlement, the thesis reveals the significant, interconnected and complex aspects of the settlement process. Settlement of immigrants takes place within global, historical, economic, political, social and cultural elements of both the sending and receiving countries. Thus any study of settlement must examine theories and concepts on migration, settlement, religion, culture, integration and identity. The purpose for migration, the conditions under which migration takes place, the conditions of immigrant reception are fundamental in the context of Australia. Furthermore, Australia since the 1970s has adopted a policy of multiculturalism which has changed settlement experiences of immigrants. These elements are strongly analysed in the thesis both through a critical conceptual appraisal of the relevant issues such as migration, multiculturalism and immigration and through an empirical application to the Bosnian Muslim community. The theoretical element of the study is strongly supported by the empirical research related to settlement issues, integration and multiculturalism in Victoria. Through a socio-historical framework and using a ‘grounded theory’ methodological approach, field research was undertaken with Bosnian Muslim communities, Bosnian organizations and multicultural service providers. In addition, historical data was analysed by chronology. The data provided rich evidence of the Bosnian Muslims’ settlement process under the various governmental policies since World War 2. The study concluded that the Bosnian community has successfully integrated and adapted to the way of life in Australia. Different cohorts of Bosnian Muslims had different settlement patterns, problems and issues which many were able to overcome. The findings revealed the contributions that the Bosnian Muslim community has made to broader social life in Australia such as contribution to the establishment of multi-ethnic Muslim communities, the Bosnian Muslim community development and building social infrastructure. The study also concluded that coming from multicultural backgrounds, the Bosnian Muslims understood the value of cultural diversity and contributed to the development of Australian multiculturalism and social harmony. Overall conclusion of this research is that the different generations of Bosnian Muslims are well-integrated and operate well within Australian multiculturalism.

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3

Haveric, Dzavid. "History of the Bosnian Muslim Community in Australia: Settlement Experience in Victoria". full-text, 2009. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/2006/1/Dzavid_Haveric.pdf.

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This thesis examines the settlement experience of the Bosnian Muslims in Victoria. Overall this research exploration takes places against background of the history of the immigration to Australia. The study covers migration patterns of Bosnian Muslims from post World War 2 periods to more recent settlement. The thesis provides contemporary insights on Bosnian Muslims living in a Western society such as Australia. The thesis excavates key issues about Islam and the Muslim communities in Western nations and argues that successful settlement is possible, as demonstrated by the Bosnian Muslim community. By adopting a socio-historical framework about settlement, the thesis reveals the significant, interconnected and complex aspects of the settlement process. Settlement of immigrants takes place within global, historical, economic, political, social and cultural elements of both the sending and receiving countries. Thus any study of settlement must examine theories and concepts on migration, settlement, religion, culture, integration and identity. The purpose for migration, the conditions under which migration takes place, the conditions of immigrant reception are fundamental in the context of Australia. Furthermore, Australia since the 1970s has adopted a policy of multiculturalism which has changed settlement experiences of immigrants. These elements are strongly analysed in the thesis both through a critical conceptual appraisal of the relevant issues such as migration, multiculturalism and immigration and through an empirical application to the Bosnian Muslim community. The theoretical element of the study is strongly supported by the empirical research related to settlement issues, integration and multiculturalism in Victoria. Through a socio-historical framework and using a ‘grounded theory’ methodological approach, field research was undertaken with Bosnian Muslim communities, Bosnian organizations and multicultural service providers. In addition, historical data was analysed by chronology. The data provided rich evidence of the Bosnian Muslims’ settlement process under the various governmental policies since World War 2. The study concluded that the Bosnian community has successfully integrated and adapted to the way of life in Australia. Different cohorts of Bosnian Muslims had different settlement patterns, problems and issues which many were able to overcome. The findings revealed the contributions that the Bosnian Muslim community has made to broader social life in Australia such as contribution to the establishment of multi-ethnic Muslim communities, the Bosnian Muslim community development and building social infrastructure. The study also concluded that coming from multicultural backgrounds, the Bosnian Muslims understood the value of cultural diversity and contributed to the development of Australian multiculturalism and social harmony. Overall conclusion of this research is that the different generations of Bosnian Muslims are well-integrated and operate well within Australian multiculturalism.

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4

McEvoy, Michael Desmond. "Madeirans in Cape Town: Immigration documentation, marriage and settlement, 1900s to the 1970s". University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6644.

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Magister Artium - MA
This thesis traces the immigration of Madeirans to Cape Town and their settlement from the 1900s to the 1970s. It focuses on how exclusionary legislation from 1902 affected Madeiran entry, how they managed to circumvent it and the documents required for immigration over this long period. Particular attention is drawn to the role of women in the migration process, the nature of the households and the impact of women in shaping a settled Madeiran population. The thesis examines the role Portuguese organisations played and continue to play in maintaining cultural and religious values and the extent to which these values have been retained in the second and later generations. This thesis seeks to ask to what extent the Madeiran migration experience bears commonalities with other groups, particularly Indians, or whether unique features are discernible. Indians and Madeirans were both regarded as ‘undesirable’ and subject to literacy tests, domicile certificates, permits and certificates of identity. Illegal entry was common to both groups. Chain migration featured in their decision to leave the poverty of their homeland. The split-household was the dominant household form. Once settled, Indian and Madeiran wives played a key role in the business and in passing on their cultural and religious values. Both groups established cultural organisations. Despite these commonalities, Madeiran migration displayed certain unique features compared to Indians.

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Nghiulikwa, Romie Vonkie. "Re-situating and shifting cultural identity in contemporary Namibia: The experience of rural-urban migrants in Katutura (Windhoek)". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9977_1275426103.

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This thesis explores the shifting cultural identities of young Owambo migrants living in Babilon, an informal settlement on the outskirts of Windhoek, Namibia. Through an investigation of their social, cultural and economic lives, I show how these young people invoke their Owambo-ness, but how they also transcend their ethnic identifications through engaging in an emerging Namibian youth culture, which cuts across rural-urban, ethnic, and socio-economic divides. I argue that young migrants from Ovamboland, who intend to escape their poverty stricken rural homes and arrive on packed busses, bringing with them few possessions and great expectations, constantly shift and resituate their cultural identities while trying to make a living in the city. These young people are eager to engage fully in a better life and hope to find employment in the urban economy. For many, however, this remains just that &ndash
hope. In their daily lives, the young migrants replicate, reproduce and represent rural Owambo within the urban space. Using the examples of &lsquo
traditional&rsquo
food and small-scale urban agriculture, I explore how their ideas of Owambo-ness are imagined, enforced and lived in Babilon. I argue that although migrants identify themselves in many ways with their rural homes, and retain rural values and practices to a large extent, this does not mean that they would remain &ldquo
tribesmen&rdquo
, as earlier, how classic studies in Southern African urban anthropology argued (Mayer 1961
Wilson and Mafeje 1963). They also appropriate &ldquo
ideologies&rdquo
and practices of the emerging Namibian youth culture, especially popular local music and cell phones. My study thus shows that the migrants develop multiple, fluid identities (with reference to Bank 2002)
they identify concurrently with the urban and the rural and develop a synthesis of both. The thesis is based on ethnographic research, which was conducted between February and May 2008. During the fieldwork, I engaged daily in informal discussions with many residents of Babilon, and carried out life history interviews, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews with key research participants.

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6

Yan, Ru. "Settlement Stress and Health Needs of Migrant Women From the People's Republic of China in Brisbane". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367194.

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The late 1980s saw the onset of a rapid expansion of Chinese immigration into Australia. While this influx of Chinese migrants has produced a proliferation of research on the more affluent migrants from Hong Kong and Taiwan, studies on migrants especially women from the People's Republic of China (PRC) have remained few and far between. Among those few studies on PRC-born migrant women, all of them identified settlement stress and its health implications as a major concern among PRC-born migrant, yet there has been little concerted effort on why this is the case, particularly in the area of health needs and solutions. Considering the increasing presence of PRC-born migrant women in Australia, there is a clear need for a comprehensive in-depth investigation into their settlement stress, to address their social and health needs and to provide solutions. This study aims to examine in-depth the PRC-born migrant women's settlement experience in Brisbane, focusing especially on their stress, social and health needs. This study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods. Since this study paid more attention to these migrant women's own life experiences, it is mainly a qualitative one, using informant interview, focus group and in-depth interviews to explore how best their stress could be alleviated. Quantitative method is based on secondary data analysis to provide a community profile of PRC-born migrant women in Brisbane and Queensland. This study firstly draws on literature reviews to explain historical, social, cultural and gender based factors underpinning PRC-born migrant women's settlement stress and health status. Findings reviews that settlement stress comes from social isolation and loneliness; cultural difficulties; lack of support prior to and after childbirth, as well as assistance with childcare; conflicts in both marital and familial relations; academic stress; and finally, problems in utilising public transport. Particularly, this study highlights that downward mobility; barriers to access health services; and language barriers are a major source of stress and the cause of health problems for PRC-born migrant women when settling in Brisbane. As strategies, this study adapts health promotion strategies named as empowerment framework and Ottawa Charter action framework to address the needs highlighted in this study. Settlement stress affects health particularly mental health. Strategies provided in this study can also help migrant women from other non-English speaking countries. More significantly, this study encourages governments and service providers to pay more attention to migrant women's settlement processes in order to help them integrate into Australian society smoothly and quickly.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Public Health
Full Text

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7

Ostergren, Robert C. "A community transplanted : the trans-Atlantic experience of a Swedish immigrant settlement in the upper Middle West, 1835 - 1915". Madison, Wis. : Univ. of Wisconsin Pr, 1988. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0709/88000211.html.

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8

Merrick, Melissa Jane, i Melissa Jane Merrick. "Proximate Cues and Ultimate Consequences for Natal Dispersal and Settlement in an Altered Forest Landscape: Influence of Experience, Behavior, and Habitat". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621744.

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Natal dispersal is at the nexus of ecology, ethology, population genetics, and evolution. While abundant research exists on emigration and associated proximate and ultimate causes, less is known about exploration, settlement, and factors that influence settlement decisions. Further, the role of individual behavioral phenotypes in the domains of wildlife ecology and conservation, which include natal dispersal, is a recent and expanding area of inquiry. Understanding the relationships among individual phenotype, environmental conditions, and natal dispersal is increasingly important as landscapes become altered by disturbance, fragmentation, and climate change. I investigated natal dispersal in endangered Mt. Graham red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis), an isolated, peripheral subspecies of North American red squirrel persisting at the southern edge of the species' range. We tested hypotheses about the importance of proximate and ultimate drivers of emigration, dispersal distance, and settlement, and estimated perceived landscape connectivity within a mosaic of forest damage in the Pinaleño Mountains, Arizona. Compared to other red squirrel populations in North America, natal dispersal in Mt. Graham red squirrels is sex-biased and non-philopatric with mean dispersal distance over 8 times that observed in non-peripheral populations. Resources, indicated by mother's body mass in spring (a reflection of her intrinsic quality and territory quality) and individual body condition, contribute to individual behavioral tendencies for movement and exploration. Individuals with behavioral tendencies for movement and exploration dispersed the farthest, and for both males and females the longest observed dispersal distances and proportion of individuals dispersing occurred in a year of lowest food availability. Our research highlights the important role individual behavioral syndromes may play in observed heterogeneity in life history strategies with populations. Following emigration from the natal area, we provide evidence that individual dispersers rely upon forest structural cues similar to their natal area to select locations for settlement; the first test of natal habitat preference induction in a single vegetation community type. We used circuit theory to evaluate landscape connectivity and identify areas important for long-distance dispersal movements. Because single connectivity models may not adequately represent functional connectivity for an entire population, we summarized landscape connectivity across varying levels of landscape resistance to identify areas that promote movement and long-distance dispersal for individuals with different perceptions of landscape resistance. We show that composite connectivity models are a useful method to identify forest areas important for the promotion of long-distance movements as well as areas that constrain movement.

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9

Yan, Ru, i n/a. "Settlemnet Stress and Health Needs of Migrant Women From the People's Republic of China in Brisbane". Griffith University. School of Public Health, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050824.110000.

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The late 1980s saw the onset of a rapid expansion of Chinese immigration into Australia. While this influx of Chinese migrants has produced a proliferation of research on the more affluent migrants from Hong Kong and Taiwan, studies on migrants especially women from the People's Republic of China (PRC) have remained few and far between. Among those few studies on PRC-born migrant women, all of them identified settlement stress and its health implications as a major concern among PRC-born migrant, yet there has been little concerted effort on why this is the case, particularly in the area of health needs and solutions. Considering the increasing presence of PRC-born migrant women in Australia, there is a clear need for a comprehensive in-depth investigation into their settlement stress, to address their social and health needs and to provide solutions. This study aims to examine in-depth the PRC-born migrant women's settlement experience in Brisbane, focusing especially on their stress, social and health needs. This study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods. Since this study paid more attention to these migrant women's own life experiences, it is mainly a qualitative one, using informant interview, focus group and in-depth interviews to explore how best their stress could be alleviated. Quantitative method is based on secondary data analysis to provide a community profile of PRC-born migrant women in Brisbane and Queensland. This study firstly draws on literature reviews to explain historical, social, cultural and gender based factors underpinning PRC-born migrant women's settlement stress and health status. Findings reviews that settlement stress comes from social isolation and loneliness; cultural difficulties; lack of support prior to and after childbirth, as well as assistance with childcare; conflicts in both marital and familial relations; academic stress; and finally, problems in utilising public transport. Particularly, this study highlights that downward mobility; barriers to access health services; and language barriers are a major source of stress and the cause of health problems for PRC-born migrant women when settling in Brisbane. As strategies, this study adapts health promotion strategies named as empowerment framework and Ottawa Charter action framework to address the needs highlighted in this study. Settlement stress affects health particularly mental health. Strategies provided in this study can also help migrant women from other non-English speaking countries. More significantly, this study encourages governments and service providers to pay more attention to migrant women's settlement processes in order to help them integrate into Australian society smoothly and quickly.

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10

Solomon, F. J. "Examining the feasiblity of informal settlement flood early warning systems : focus on the urban flood-risk experience of Kosovo and Masiphumelele residents, Cape Town South Africa". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10717.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-117).
This thesis examines the feasibility of applying people-centred approaches to flood early warning systems (EWS) in informal settlements in the City of Cape Town, particularly, through the experiences of poor and disadvantaged communities in Kosovo and Masiphumelele informal settlements. The impact of recurrent floods during the winter rainfall months and their costs are disproportionally borne both by those at risk and the local government that is required to repeatedly respond to them. A social science perspective is adopted, with the application of a risk communication framework. The urban flood-risk context of both study sites and the risk governance approach to managing and communicating flood risk were investigated and factors influencing flood warning processes and behavioural factors influencing response to flood-risk and flood warning, examined.

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11

Ingridsdotter, Jenny. "The Promises of the Free World : Postsocialist Experience in Argentina and the Making of Migrants, Race, and Coloniality". Doctoral thesis, Södertörns högskola, Etnologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32312.

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This thesis investigates the narrated experiences of a number of individuals that migrated to Argentina from Russia and Ukraine in the wake of the fall of the Soviet Union. The over-arching aim of this thesis is to study the ways in which these migrants navigated the social reality in Argentina, with regards to available physical, material, and socioeconomic positions as well as with regards to their narrated self-understandings and identifications. The empirical data consists of ethnographic in-depth interviews and participatory observation from Buenos Aires between the years 2011 and 2014. Through the theoretical frameworks of political discourse theory, critical race studies, auto-ethnography, and theories on coloniality, the author examines questions of migration, mobility, race, class, and gender in the processes of re-establishing a life in a new context. The interviewees were not only directly affected by the collapse of the USSR in the sense that it drastically changed their terrain of possible futures as well as retroactive understandings of their pasts, but they also began their lives in Argentina during the turmoil of the economic crisis that culminated in 2001. Central to this thesis is how these dislocatory events impacted the interviewees’ possibilities and limitations for living the life they had expected, and thus how discursive structures affect subject positions and identifications, and thereby create specific conditions for different relocatory trajectories. By focusing on how these individuals narrate their reasons for migration and their integration into Argentine labor and housing markets, the author demonstrates the role Argentine and East European history, as well as the neoliberal restructuring of the postsocialist region and Argentina in the 1990’s, had for self-understandings, subject positions, identities, and mobility. Various intersections of power, and particularly the making of race and whiteness, are important for the way that the interviewees negotiated subject positions and identifications. The author addresses how affect and hope played a part in these processes and how downward mobility was articulated and made meaningful. She also examines how participants’ ideas about a “good life” were related to understandings of the past, questions of race, social inequality, and a logic of coloniality.
Den här avhandlingen undersöker hur ett antal individer som migrerade från Ryssland och Ukraina till Argentina efter Sovjetunionens fall berättar om sin erfarenhet. Det övergripande syftet är att studera hur dessa migranter navigerade i den sociala verkligheten i Argentina, särskilt vad det gäller kroppsliga, materiella och socioekonomiska positioner, såväl som hur detta påverkat deras berättade självförståelse och identifikationer. Det empiriska materialet består av etnografiska djupintervjuer och deltagande observationer gjorda i Buenos Aires mellan åren 2011 och 2014. Författaren använder sig av ett teoretiskt ramverk bestående av politisk diskursteori, kritiska ras- och vithetsstudier, autoetnografi och teorier om kolonialitet för att undersöka frågor om migration, mobilitet, rasialisering, klass och kön i en kontext av återetablering av ett liv i ett nytt samhälle. De som intervjuas i denna avhandling påverkades inte bara av Sovjetunionens kollaps, på så sätt att det påverkade deras förståelse av möjlig framtid samt deras retroaktiva förståelser av det förflutna, utan de påbörjade även sina nya liv i Argentina under den ekonomiska krisen som kulminerade år 2001. Centralt i avhandlingen är hur dessa dislokatoriska händelser inverkade på de intervjuades möjligheter och begränsningar för att kunna leva det liv som de hade förväntat sig, och därmed hur diskursiva strukturer påverkar subjektspositioner och identifikationer och därmed skapar specifika villkor för olika vägar för återetablering. Genom fokus på hur dessa individer berättar om sina anledningar för migrationen och om deras väg in i den argentinska arbets- och bostadsmarknaden visar författaren vilken roll argentinsk och östeuropeisk historia, såväl som 1990-talets nyliberala omstrukturering av den postsovjetiska regionen och Argentina, hade för deras självförståelse, subjektspositioner, identitet och mobilitet. Viktigt för hur de intervjuade förhandlade om olika subjektspositioner och identifikationer är intersektionella maktordningar och särskilt skapandet av ras och vithet. Författaren analyserar hur affekt och hopp spelade en roll i dessa processer och hur social deklassering artikulerades och gjordes meningsfull. Här undersöks även hur de intervjuades idéer om möjligheten att leva ett ”gott liv” var sammanflätade med förståelser av det förflutna, rasialisering, social ojämlikhet och en logik som präglades av kolonialitet.
Тема этой диссертации – это личный опыт ряда индивидуумов, переехавших в Аргентину вскоре после распада Советского Союза, на основе их собственных повествований. Основная цель работы заключается в исследовании того, как мигранты-участники вписывались в общественную реальность Аргентины на фоне её превалирующих физических, материальных и социо-экономических позиций, а также по отношению к тому, как согласно их рассказам, эти люди сами себя воспринимали и идентифицировали. Эмпирическая компонента диссертации включает в себя комплекс углубленных этнографических интервью и включенного наблюдения, проводимых в Буэнос Айрес в 2011 -2014 гг. Автор изучает вопросы миграции, класса, социальной мобильности, расы и гендера в процессе переустановки жизни в новых условиях, руководствуясь теоретическими посылами теорий политического дискурса, критических расовых исследований (critical race studies), автоэтнографии и теорий колониальности. В дополнение к тому факту, что на интервьюируемых оказал непосредственное влияние распад Советского Союза, который кардинальным образом изменил как возможные сценарии их будущего, так и ретроактивные интерпретации их прошлого, эти люди начали свою новую жизнь в Аргентине сразу после сумятицы экономического кризиса, достигшего кульминации в 2001 г. Центральным аспектом диссертации является изучение воздействия, которое имели эти дислоцирующие обстоятельства на спектр естественных возможностей и преград на пути реализации жизненного проекта участников исследования, как они себе его представляли, а также какое влияние оказывают соответствующие дискурсивные структуры на позиции и идентификации субъектов, обуславливая определенные условия реализации различных траекторий их жизни в эмиграции. Фокусируя внимание на том, как эти индивидуумы повествуют о том, что побудило их к эмиграции в Аргентину и интеграции в местные рынки труда и жилья, автор подчеркивает ту роль, которую сыграли в этом особенности как аргентинской, так и восточноевропейской истории, наряду с более поздними структурными изменениями 90х гг., происходившими как на постсоветском, так и аргентинском пространствах в эпоху неолиберализма. Это касается в равной степени аспектов самовосприятия, позиций субъектов, а также вопросов их идентификации и мобильности. Важной составляющей того, каким образом интервьюируемые устанавливали рамки своей субъективной идентификации и позиции, являлись различные грани концепции власти; в частности того, как возникают понятия расы и ‘белизны’ (whiteness). Автор обращается к вопросу, какую роль в этих процессах сыграли аффект и надежда, и как субъекты исследования артикулировали и находили смысл в своей нисходящей мобильности. Параллельно автор анализирует то, как представления участников о "хорошей жизни" ставились ими в зависимость от их собственной интерпретации прошлого, наряду с вопросами расы, общественного неравенства и колониальной логики.
Esta tesis investiga las experiencias narradas por una serie de individuos que emigraron a Argentina desde Rusia y Ucrania a raíz de la caída de la Unión Soviética. Su objetivo general es estudiar el modo en que estos inmigrantes transitaron la realidad social argentina en lo que se refiere a las posiciones físicas, materiales y socioeconómicas disponibles, así como también a su auto-comprensión y a las identidades construidas desde sus narraciones. La autora examina cuestiones de migración, movilidad, raza, clase y género en los procesos de restablecimiento de la vida de estos sujetos a través del marco de la teoría política del discurso, los estudios críticos de la raza, la auto-etnografía y teorías sobre la colonialidad. Los datos empíricos consisten en entrevistas etnográficas en profundidad y observación participante realizadas en Buenos Aires entre los años 2011 y 2014. Los entrevistados no sólo se vieron directamente afectados por el colapso de la URSS en el sentido de que éste cambió drásticamente su terreno de futuros posibles y la comprensión retroactiva de su pasado, sino que también comenzaron sus vidas en Argentina durante las turbulencias de la crisis económica que estalló en el año 2001. En esta tesis, es central la indagación sobre cómo estos eventos dislocatorios impactaron en las posibilidades y limitaciones de los entrevistados para vivir la vida que esperaban y cómo las estructuras discursivas afectan las posiciones y las identificaciones de los sujetos, creando condiciones específicas para diferentes trayectorias de reubicación. Al enfocarse en cómo estos individuos narran sus razones para la migración y su integración en los mercados laborales y de la vivienda en Argentina, la autora demuestra el papel que tienen en las auto-comprensiones, posiciones de sujeto, identidades y movilidad, tanto la historia argentina y de Europa del Este, así como también la reestructuración neoliberal de la región postsocialista y de la Argentina en los años 90. Diversas intersecciones de poder, y particularmente la raza y la blancura son importantes para la manera en que los entrevistados negociaron posiciones subjetivas e identificaciones. La autora aborda cómo el afecto y la esperanza desempeñaron un papel en estos procesos y cómo la movilidad descendente se articuló y se hizo significativa. También examina cómo las ideas de los participantes acerca de una "buena vida" se relacionan con la comprensión del pasado, las cuestiones de raza, desigualdad social y una lógica colonial.

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Coulon, Eric. "Consequences du tassement sur l'organisation de l'espace poral des sols sableux : contribution a la connaissance des mecanismes de compactage". Orléans, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ORLE2022.

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On etudie les conditions de developpement des tassements dans les sols sableux, leur comportement au compactage et les consequences sur leurs proprietes physiques, par des mesures sur des parcelles experimentales et au laboratoire. On montre les modifications resultantes de l'infiltrabilite et de la stabilite des structures

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Martis, Elias Paul. "Settlement Experiences of Post-1995 Male Migrants from India in New Zealand". Thesis, Curtin University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/51723.

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This ethnographic study of 20 male migrants from India to New Zealand since 1995, examined their settlement experiences including challenges, struggles and conflicts and how they managed and overcame these challenges. The study also explored how migrants coped with the stressors that migration posed. The results documented narratives of fortitude and resilience and the use of familial, collective and spiritual strategies in overcoming the formidable barriers faced by migrants during their resettlement to New Zealand.

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Alzamil, Waleed. "Evaluate the Experiences of Governments in Dealing with Squatter Settlements in Middle East ”Comparative Analysis of Cases of Squatter Settlements in Egypt”". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1291052155.

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Hataya, Noriko. "The illusion of community participation : experience in the irregular settlements of Bogotá". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446410/.

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The study focuses on community participation among the poor of Bogota, Colombia. It explores the changing relationships between poor communities, local politicians and the city government before and after the institutional reforms and changing approach to development that occurred during the 1990s. The case studies were conducted in six irregular settlements, all developed in contravention of the city's planning regulations. Data were collected using a sample household survey and in-depth interviews with community leaders, local inhabitants and the representatives of outside organisations. In the 1990s, clientelistic practices became less effective to push the regularisation process. City programmes toward irregular settlements became more holistic and benefited from better coordination between the different public entities. As a result, the inhabitants became more discriminating in identifying the most effective strategies for obtaining the services and infrastructure that they required. Competent government intervention was ultimately the most important factor in furthering the regularisation process. However, regularisation could not be achieved without community participation. Community involvement was important both before and after a settlement was recognised. The community had to find the money to put down a deposit before the service agencies would install services. This required not only a minimum level of economic resources but also firm community leadership. The study also shows that apparently contradictory decisions made by the different communities were highly rational. Whether the inhabitants were willing to pay for services depended on the benefit they expected in return. Their criteria changed through the consolidation process because their most urgent needs changed. Today, after the pricing system of public services changed, access to services depends mostly on users' purchasing power and not on the collective negotiation led by the JAC leaders. In the 1990s, under the new constitution with its laws protecting citizen's rights, 'participation' of citizens in the political arena as well as their right to obtain basic services was clearly recognised. Under this legal framework, community participation gives the poor a voice with which they can present claims as well as criticise the negligence of public administration. However, the protests of the inhabitants against increased public service charges show that the community-based organisations sometimes still have reason, and the ability, to mobilise the local people as a final resort.

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Amaral, Joana. "Negotiations with peace settlement referendums : comparing the Annan Plan and Good Friday Agreement experiences". Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/63870/.

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This thesis investigates how peace negotiation processes influence peace settlement referendum outcomes. It addresses a re-occurring problem in peace processes of settlements being rejected by popular vote after strenuous political negotiations. For this purpose, it investigates and compares how the Annan Plan negotiations in Cyprus and the Good Friday Agreement (GFA) negotiations in Northern Ireland culminated with the acceptance of the latter and the rejection of the former. In doing so, it effectively bridges an existing gap in academic research and literature. Research and theory on peace negotiations and mediation has traditionally focused on uncovering how the process helped the political leaders sitting at the negotiations table reduce military tensions, improve relationships, and come to different types of agreements. It had not yet considered referendum results as a crucial outcome of contemporary peace negotiation processes. Existing research on referendums, on the other hand, traditionally studies voting behaviours through public opinion polls and surveys, or the analysis of referendum campaigns, seldom considering how they are shaped by negotiation processes. The comparative case study analysis of the Annan Plan and GFA negotiations and referendums presented in this thesis provides for unique comparative features and a novel research design. It aims, not only at understanding how the Annan Plan and GFA negotiations led to opposing overall referendum outcomes, but also how they shaped differences in support between and across the four communities. While the Annan Plan was rejected due to the low 23 percent Greek Cypriot 'yes' vote, 65 percent of Turkish Cypriots actually voted for its ratification. The GFA was ratified with a similar difference in support between the local communities, the very high 96-97 per cent vote from the Nationalist community and the 51-53 per cent from the Unionist community. Bridging existing knowledge in peace negotiations and referendums literatures, this thesis compares how specific features of the negotiation process, namely, mediation strategies, political inclusion, civil society inclusion, and the agreement's design, shaped the political parties' support for the agreement in the referendum, the organization and strength of the campaigns, and voter information and uncertainty. Its findings are based on an empirically rich analysis of interviews conducted in Cyprus and Northern Ireland during the first half of 2014, which included key political stakeholders and civil society actors. The thesis demonstrates that the secretive and exclusionist nature of the Annan Plan negotiations, and the comparatively less secretive and more inclusive GFA negotiation process, shaped the referendum campaign periods leading to the opposing outcomes of the two cases. It further shows that support for the peace settlement was higher in the communities where the mediated negotiations included more political parties and where civil society was, directly or informally, included in the negotiations. The findings support existing claims that inclusive and participatory negotiation processes can foster support for the peace process, adding that they can deeply shape peace settlement referendum experiences and outcomes. It argues that referendums are unsuitable for traditional secretive and exclusive peace negotiation practices that fail to educate and engage the public. The contribution is novel in arguing that, as a tool of democratic politics, peace settlement referendums need to be preceded by inclusive negotiations that involve a broad spectrum of political stakeholders and civil society and that, therefore, when referendums are used to seal a peace settlement, the entirety of its negotiation process needs to be adapted from the start.

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Beckmann, Caroline, i Christina Wersäll. "BREAST CANCER PREVENTION AMONG WOMEN RESIDING IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25611.

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Bakgrund: I Kenya är bröstcancer den vanligaste formen av cancer bland kvinnor. Till skillnad från länder i väst söker inte kenyanska kvinnor vård förrän cancern har utvecklats till de sena stadierna då chansen för överlevnad är låg. Den sent diagnostiserade bröstcancern belastar ett land som redan har begränsade resurser att behandla sjukdomen vilket resulterar i högre dödlighet.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa hur sjuksköterskor arbetar preventivt med bröstcancer bland kvinnor bosatta i slumområden i Nairobi, Kenya.Metod: En kvalitativ studie med åtta semistrukturerade och öppna intervjuer utfördes med sjuksköterskor på fyra vårdcentraler. Materialet var analyserat med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultat: Resultatet av denna studie visade att sjuksköterskorna i de informella bosättningarna hade kunskap om bröstcancer. De var kunniga i sitt förebyggande arbete och gav information till sina patienter. Det viktigaste för dem var att kunna nå alla kvinnor i samhället och skapa mer medvetenhet. Det var dock ett bekymmer att få kvinnor till att prioritera sin egen hälsa på grund av deras ekonomiska situation.Konklusion: Sjuksköterskorna i de informella bosättningarna är kapabla att ta hand om sina patienter. Det finns dock ett stort behov av medvetenhet i samhället så att kvinnorna söker behandling tidigt. För att kunna tillgodose fullgod vård av patienterna krävs också regelbundna uppdateringar för den medicinska personalen, speciellt sjuksköterskorna, samt ett behov av bättre utrustning i klinikerna.
Background: In Kenya breast cancer is the most common cancer in females. In comparison to countries in the western world, Kenyan women generally present when the breast cancer has advanced and chances of survival are low. This late breast cancer diagnosis becomes a considerably larger burden to a country with already limited resources to treat it and results in higher mortality rate.Aim: The aim of the study was to illuminate Kenyan nurses working experience with breast cancer prevention among women residing in informal settlements of Nairobi.Method: A qualitative study with eight semi-structured and open-ended interviews were held with nurses in four health care clinics. The data was analysed by a qualitative content analysis.Results: The result of this study showed that the nurses working in clinics situated in the informal settlements had knowledge of breast cancer. They were capable in their preventative work and gave appropriate information to their patients. The main concern was being able to reach all the women in the community and create more awareness. Another concern was also to make the women prioritise their own health in spite of their financial situation.Conclusion: The nurses in the informal settlements have knowledge of how to take care of their patients. However, there is a great need for awareness in the community so that women seek treatment early. In order to provide sufficient and a more meaningful care for patients, there is need of regular updates for the medical staff, especially nurses, as well as need of better equipment in the clinics.

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Lymperopoulou, Kyriaki. "Dimensions of new immigration in England : immigrant settlement patterns, labour market outcomes and neighbourhood experiences". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/dimensions-of-new-immigration-in-england-immigrant-settlement-patterns-labour-market-outcomes-and-neighbourhood-experiences(182cff91-f36f-410d-9739-e625a8e20177).html.

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Much of the public policy discourse about immigration in the UK has drawn on the experiences of post-war immigrants from the former British colonies. The volume and composition of immigration flows has changed significantly in recent years with substantial increases in the number of immigrants, particularly from countries without links to the UK, and as a result of the large scale immigration from the EU Accession countries in Central and Eastern Europe. Immigration remains a contested issue with public and political debates focusing on the nature and impact of immigration and its perceived negative effects on employment, public services and social cohesion. In spite of the growing number of studies examining the experiences of new immigrants in local neighbourhoods and labour markets there is a lack of comprehensive evidence about how these experiences differ across immigrant groups and the role of place in shaping the experiences and outcomes of new immigration. This research draws on a variety of data from the census, national surveys, administrative sources and qualitative interviews to explore the settlement patterns, labour market outcomes and neighbourhood experiences of new immigrants. The findings show that new immigrants are more likely to locate in ethnically diverse and socially deprived neighbourhoods upon arrival although there is variation in the factors determining immigrant settlement by world area of origin in line with differences in migration motives and entitlements in the UK. The findings from the qualitative interviews highlight the range of motivations and constraints that shape immigrant settlement patterns and how these change over time with secondary migration and family formation. Analysis of the labour market position of immigrants defined by country of origin and ethnicity shows the persistence of ethnic penalties in the labour market. Immigrants from ethnic minority groups both from established and new immigrant groups are found to be more disadvantaged in the labour market than white immigrants and the White British. The neighbourhood context, specifically neighbourhood deprivation and ethnic diversity, is associated with poorer employment outcomes, with the relationship between area deprivation and employment shown to depend on ethnicity. The qualitative evidence highlights the role of social networks and a range of other factors in facilitating and hindering the socio-economic integration of new immigrants. The findings, particularly in relation to immigrant social networks, access to welfare, settlement intentions and housing aspirations, challenge common perceptions about new immigrants living in deprived areas in the UK. The research evidence contributes to a better understanding of the settlement patterns and experiences of new immigration and has implications for national and local policies.

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Altan, Deniz Idil. "Use of Remote Participatory Video Amidst Coronavirus Pandemic : Experiences from Uganda’s Rhino Camp Refugee Settlement". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-423330.

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In the early summer months of the global coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic, three community-produced participatory videos were conducted on a remote basis. These projects were made in Uganda, Germany and Turkey with the use of mobile technology to understand the impact of the virus on lives of different refugee communities in distant locations around the world. This study evaluates the potential of using the emerging practice of remote participatory video at times of crisis by presenting a case study on one of the participatory video works undertaken in Rhino Camp which is one of the largest refugee camps in Uganda. Drawing on the common production stages within the traditional participatory video practices this thesis presents a preliminary outline for facilitating a remote participatory video. By deploying an affordance approach, it is aimed to investigate how participatory video was translated into a remote practice. By drawing on the Freirean process of critical consciousness the study investigates the ways in which communicative affordances of remote PV could be utilised to promote advocacy during the pandemic. Another objective of the thesis is to explore what unique local experiences and insights could refugees from Rhino Camp bring to bear on the problems caused by the coronavirus pandemic. Focusing on the analysis of the video messages from the refugees of Rhino Camp, the study explores the following question: What significance and potential could the use of remote practice of civil society produced participatory video have during the COVID-19 outbreak?

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Owens, Christopher Allen. "The Tangled Paths to Safety: A Comparison of the Migration and Settlement Experiences of Refugees and Voluntary Migrants". The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366550897.

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Bailey, Lucy A. "The village shop and rural life in nineteenth-century England : cultural representations and lived experience". Thesis, University of Northampton, 2015. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/8824/.

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Despite consumption and retailing having grown to form a meta-narrative in historical enquiry, the village shop has largely escaped attention. Remarkably little is known about the long-term development of rural services, particularly shops, which are often ignored as marginal and undynamic. Moreover, whilst their recent decline has highlighted their perceived importance to the vitality of village life, the extent to which this is based on a romanticised or historically myopic image is unclear. This thesis seeks to rectify this lacuna by critically assessing the real and imagined role of the shop and shopkeeper within village life during the nineteenth century, in terms of supplying goods and services, integrating and representing community as a place and a network of people, and projecting images of the rural into the wider national consciousness. It adopts an innovative interdisciplinary approach and offers an integrated analysis of a wide range of visual, literary and historical sources: from paintings and serialised stories to account books and trade directories. Central to the argument is a sustained interrogation of the shifting historic construction of the village shop and its keeper, from exploitative and anti-rural to the epitome of a nostalgic and sentimentalised view of England’s rural communities. This is compared to the lived experience, as established from the historical record, quantitative analysis conducted at both village and county level. This synthetic approach has required the amalgamation of multiple perspectives: writer and artist; reader and consumer; observer and participant; patron and critic; shopkeeper, customer and villager. The thesis inputs into debates relating to the commercial history and cultural understanding of rural communities, the findings broadening our understanding of the history of rural retailers and the communities they served, shedding light on rural consumption and how changing attitudes to retailing, rural communities and the countryside were developing. It also contributes to other key areas of research including the notion of community (places and networks) and cultural representations of people, place, space and everyday life.

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Warren, Graeme. "Towards a social archaeology of the mesolithic in Eastern Scotland : landscapes, contexts and experience". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8905.

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The research reported here arose from perceived lacunae regarding archaeological understanding of mesolithic settlement in eastern Scotland. Historically this area, for a number of reasons, has seen 1ittle archaeological research in comparison to the maritime west of the country, a bias that requires redressing. The characteristics, problems and potentials of available data are assembled for the first time and critically assessed. Discussion of methodologies appropriate to this material is developed, and small-scale fieldwork undertaken within this framework presented. Any introduction of a new range of data is, in part, a construction of that data, and the particular interpretative and thematic stresses of the thesis arise from the argument that narratives of gatherer-hunter communities in the past have objectified those groups, consequently hindering comprehension of them. To this end an approach to a social archaeology of the mesolithic is developed, stressing the importance of examining skills and routines that, through thei; extension in particular contexts, may have structured an agent's experience of landscapes in the past. In order to flesh out these arguments and introduce the material evidence in more detail, a series of overlapping case studies is developed exploring in turn, the relationships between mesolithic folk and woodlands, the significance of salmon fishing, the inhabitation of the coast, and stone tool procurement, production and discard. These varied narratives incorporate the results of a range of small-scale desktop projects and fieldwork designed to test the potential of this approach to a social archaeology of the period. Whilst these studies are at present fragmentary, it is contended that they demonstrate that accounts of gatherer-hunter communities in the east of Scotland can aspire to a meaningful level of engagement with human lives in the past. The project scholarship was funded by Historic Scotland.

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Sahabodien, Raudhiyah. "The real cost of low income settlements: experiences in varied spatial contexts within the same municipal boundary". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22871.

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Introduction: Since 1994, the response to the low income housing backlog in South Africa has been met with the capital grant, targeted at households earning less than R3500 per month. Scholars and policy makers echo the same sentiments that state funded housing and facilities should be located close to economic opportunities and in close proximity to public transportation systems. However, due to the limitations of the grant, low income housing development has been typically been limited to cheap peripheral land where large scale low income housing projects can be rolled out in the form of low density housing developments. In recent years, a growing body of knowledge has found that the provision of state funded housing opportunities on the urban periphery has a significant impact on urban sustainability, particularly the financial sustainability of government. This study aims to add to the body of knowledge pertaining to how the roll out of low income housing in various locations within the same municipal area affects a household's ability to access economic and social opportunities in terms of financial and social costs to the household. Method: The study considers Hessequa Municipality as a case study, with four settlements within the municipality (Slangrivier, Kwanonkuthula, Diepkloof and Melkhoutfontein) used as sub-cases. The four settlements vary greatly in spatial location, population size, history, growth potential and functional role, thus providing a good opportunity to examine the impacts the provision of low income housing by the state within different spatial locations on the lives of households. A case study research approach is applied, using a mix of methods, namely: a review of documents, the mapping of existing facilities, and a survey of 20 households in each of four settlements. Results: The analysis found notable differences between the provision and access to services amongst the four settlements. The study found that that facility provision to low income households varies from settlement to settlement and that a household's perception about whether accessibility to facilities has improved, is relative to the services which households were previously afforded access. It was found that beneficiaries of housing located in close proximity to facilities and employment opportunities incur little or no cost in terms of travelling to facilities. Households with limited access to facilities have to be selective with regard to which member of the household can participate in activities offered in the broader settlement, as otherwise the costs of travel can be very onerous for households. The survey revealed that the opportunity to get a free house far outweighs any inconvenience associated with limited access to social and economic opportunities, with 100% of respondents indicating that they would choose a poorly located free house rather than a rented home in a better location with better access to facilities. In addition, within the context of the four settlements studied, it was found that travel expenses that would ordinarily have been incurred by households travelling to work and school has been found to be carried by employers or subsidised by government, and therefore have less of an impact on household expenditure than I had anticipated. For example, in Slangrivier 50% of the employed are collected for work by their employer and incur no costs for travelling to work. Similarly, the excessive distance travelled to schools, and its consequent burden of cost, is generally not carried by households, as the Department of Education subsidises the transportation of learners to and from school daily. It was found that the use of facilities is influenced by distance, cost, availability and, interestingly, personal preference. Although the provision of facilities across the four settlements is currently uneven, the municipality has created an expectation amongst the public that, over time, facilities will be provided in all settlements, irrespective of their location.

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Bright, Nancee Oku. "Mothers of steel : the women of Um Gargur, an Eritrean refugee settlement in Sudan". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:92d26c17-84ee-4bb3-b8a6-0bdd03e8c817.

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This is an ethnographic study of the lives and experiences of Eritrean refugee women in Um Gargur, a settlement in eastern Sudan established in 1976. It is based upon fourteen months of fieldwork and builds upon the findings of my 1985 M.Phil, thesis, "A Preliminary Study of the Position of Eritrean Refugees in the Sudan", for which I conducted two months of research in Urn Gargur. While the M.Phil, thesis was a comparative study of Um Gargur and two other cases of resettlement in Africa, here I am concerned primarily with questions of gender, everyday life, and how processes of change and realignments of power impact upon women in displaced heterogeneous societies. After more than a decade in exile the people of Um Gargur continue to be fiercely nationalistic and as unresigned to remaining refugees as they are to assimilating into Sudan. There is also a growing trend towards Islamic conservatism in the settlement. This, coupled with the fact that Um Gargur is composed largely of mistrusted "strangers", means that women experience more restrictions in Um Gargur than they did in their communities of origin. The aim of the thesis is to examine the effect of displacement and exile upon gender roles, social infrastructures, traditions and perceptions, as people of disparate origins, occasionally with conflicting beliefs and mores, negotiate a way of living together. The title "Mothers of Steel" is taken from a riot instigated by women when charges were introduced for water. As the women revolted, their children shouted "Our mothers are steel, our fathers are monkeys!" This represented the main crisis point between men and women. Yet although the title derives from this incident, women, as they feed, nurture, socialise their children and keep their families intact, have clearly become "mothers of steel" in the eyes of their children since they have lived in Um Gargur. Chapter One introduces an overview of the settlement and shows that women's deliberate exclusion from all formal institutions leaves them at a disadvantage despite the fact that over 50% of them are household heads for much of the year. The following chapters examine how categories as diverse as politics, honour, health, and economics, impinge on the lives of the refugee women and their families, and argue that in contexts of displacement, where social realities are constantly being redefined, these categories all have a moral dimension. In Chapters Three and Four I show how limited employment opportunities in Um Gargur have meant that the majority of men continuously resident in the settlement have lost their roles as providers while women's roles have taken on a new symbolic significance. The society attempts to compensate for men's loss of status by placing greater restrictions upon women. Women's reactions to this are varied, but significant numbers of them have redrawn the parameters of "honourable" behaviour to allow themselves more flexibility. Women establish ties, not unlike kinship bonds, which traverse ethnic and religious boundaries and offer limited economic power and physical and psychological support. In Chapter Five I explore the tensions between traditional beliefs and practices and "Western" models of health care. While society's notion of what constitutes honour has calcified in reaction to a situation of extreme social dislocation and jeopardisation of "male" and "female" behaviour patterns, I show in Chapter Six that the women of Um Gargur have recognised their common plight and responded by renegotiating their identity, whilst at the same time being the primary agents - through myths, songs, names, and stories about Eritrea - in the construction of their children's identities as Eritreans. In the Conclusion (Chapter Seven) I introduce the story of the aforementioned water riot to illustrate how radically women's perceptions of their own power have altered, and how their children now perceive them. I suggest that though the process of change has been slow, the pressures faced by the community have meant that women's reconceptualisation of their own roles has been inevitable.

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Feitsma, Anita. "Experiences and support needs of poverty-stricken people living with HIV in the Potchefstroom district in the North West Province / Anita Feitsma". Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/861.

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The majority of the people living with HIV in the North West Province are part of households living in an unfavourable economic situation (Kotze, Roux & Wessels 2001 :83). The AlDS pandemic has intensified their poverty situation even more, which is emphasized by Nattrass (2004:150) in the following statement: 'The AlDS pandemic is both a cause and effect of poverty.' Adding to this, the majority of the poverty-stricken people living with HIV in the Potchefstroom district do not feel supported after having been diagnosed HIV positive (Pienaar, 200455-58). Once there is a clearer understanding of how South Africans experience living with HIV. counsellors, nurses and other health care workers will be better equipped to meet the needs of these people (Coetzee & Spangenberg 2003:216). Therefore, guidelines that can serve as useful tools for professional nurses and other health care workers, including volunteers, who are working with poverty-stricken people living with HIV, were developed in this study in order to address the gap in the support during the HIV infection. The objective of this research was to explore the experience and to identify the support needs of poverty-stricken people living with HIV in the informal settlements in the Potchefstroom district and to formulate guidelines for effective support for poverty-stricken people living with HIV. A qualitative, phenomenological design was used which enabled the researcher to understand the way in which poverty-stricken people experience living with HIV and to identify their support needs. In-depth interviews, consisting of 24 one-to-one interviews and one focus group were conducted to obtain the data. The population studied in this research consisted of the poverty-stricken people living with HIV in the informal settlements in the Potchefstroom district in the North West Province, South Africa. Purposive sampling was used to select participants with the assistance of mediators who are working for the Non Governmental Organisations dealing with HIV and AlDS in the Potchefstroom district. The sample size was determined by data saturation, which was reached after 25 interviews. Data analysis was carried out simultaneously with data collection. In consensus discussions, the researcher and the co-coder reached consensus on the main and sub themes. From the research findings, six main themes were identified. The first two main themes are the facilitative and impeding experiences of poverty-stricken people living with HIV. The remaining four main themes include the needs of poverty-stricken people living with HIV, namely; basic needs, psycho-social needs, cultural-spiritual needs and self-actualisation needs. It could be concluded that the experience of poverty-stricken people living with HIV in the Potchefstroom district is closely related to their support needs. In order to address these needs holistically and to enhance the quality of life of poverty-stricken people living with HIV, the needs should firstly be addressed individually and according to culture. Following that, the collective needs can be addressed by a support system addressing basic, psychosocial, cultural-spiritual and selfactualisation needs for which an experiences and needs framework and guidelines were formulated.
Thesis (M.Cur.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

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Molosi, Keneilwe. "The world of development as experienced and perceived by the San through the RADP : the case of Khwee and Sehunong settlements". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6563/.

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Poverty and underdevelopment are long standing concerns that characterise San communities in Botswana. Several policies and programmes have been put in place to address these concerns one of which is the Remote Area Development Programme (RADP), in place since 1974. Whereas past studies have reported on the failure of the RADP, this study employs it as a vehicle to understand the San’s development landscape. The main purpose of the study was to explore and describe the San’s perceptions and experiences of development A qualitative multiple-case study approach using semi structured interviews and focus groups were adopted to capture the experiences and perceptions of the San as they evolve within their environment. Critical social theory, which argues that all social relations are power relations and those who are dominant use their power to (re)produce their position of privilege, was used to construct the theoretical framework for the study. Data analysis produced three key findings. Key finding one was that development is a politicised concept interlocked within the politics of power. While the San are on the periphery of power as objects of the development process, the dominant Tswana speaking groups are located within the centre of power where they are privileged to control the development process, by deciding who gets access to resources. This creates a ‘virtuous cycle of self-reinforcing development’ for the dominant Tswana groups and a ‘vicious cycle of poverty’ for the powerless San. Key finding two was that poverty is a by-product of processes seated in unequal social relationships of power. Key finding three presents the politics of participation. Participation becomes evidence of the power and control of each group in the development process. This study thus concluded that poverty and underdevelopment are not economic in their mutation, but are by-products of unequal power relations embedded in a struggle of class interests.

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Smith, Sarah Elizabeth. ""My friends probably see the friendship of the group as a community" : exploring young people's experiences of friendship and community in a newly constructed settlement". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37179.

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This thesis sets out to explore the experiences of young people living in a new settlement in rural Northamptonshire, which was constructed in part under New Labour’s Sustainable Communities Plan. Contextually, this project has been developed and carried out at a time of change in the UK. Economic downturn eventually led to recession, which slowed development on many new places. A change in UK government from Labour to a Conservative dominated coalition in 2010, also impacted on policy surrounding new developments. The young people who took part in my study were also in a unique position in the history of their development with their relationships set against the backdrop of this change but also against the changing and evolving environment in which they lived. My research focuses on young people’s intergenerational relationships, understandings and experiences of community and friendships. Over the course of approximately a year, I used ethnography and in depth interviews in order to collect data from eighteen young people and seven adults. Building on literatures of children and young people, community, intergenerational relationships and friendship, I make an original contribution to knowledge in the often-overlooked area of young people’s friendship. Exploring friendships through a wider examination of young people’s intergenerational relationships and connections to community, I focus explicitly on how friendships are shaped and what they mean to young people living in a new community, for example, the way these friendships were affected by transition, transport and lack of other young people living in the immediate locality and also the way that these friendships were developed, maintained and dissolved as a result of these issues. I also examine young people’s relationships to other people around them and to notions of community.

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Scoggin, Christine. "Strong houses, strong voices: Sharing the lived experiences of post-natural builders in South Africa". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/206089/1/Christine_Scoggin_Thesis.pdf.

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This project explores and shares the stories of post-natural builders in South Africa who use re-purposed waste materials and natural materials to build “shack-replacement” houses and community structures. The project supported the builders with advocacy tools and generated a model for creative collaboration suited for supporting empowering community engagement in other contexts. The project’s video narratives and multi-media artworks share stories of how the post-natural building practice connects builders to cultural identities associated with traditional architecture, builds local capacities through training and community activity, and provides inexpensive, climate-appropriate shelter.

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Clark, Christina R. "Beyond borders : political marginalisation and lived experiences of Congolese young people in Uganda". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:82b25c81-b6ee-4cf4-ad6c-d0dc889eb49e.

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This thesis combines ethnographic methods with feminist political analysis to examine Congolese young people’s decision-making roles in families, households, communities and policy spaces in Kampala and Kyaka II refugee settlement, Uganda. As refugees and young people, research subjects face many structural constraints. However, their diverse experiences defy homogenising discourses of marginality as an inherent, fixed characteristic. Instead, this thesis develops and applies a conceptual framework of political marginalisation as a dynamic process in multiple spaces. Research findings show that young people’s decision-making roles vis-à-vis resource distribution and division of labour are relational and contextual. Their multiple subject positions and relationships in overlapping networks affect differential decision-making roles. In particular, social age and gender are major axes of decision-making processes. Analyses of inter-linkages across patterns of relationships reveal that research subjects in peer networks and intergenerational household networks with independent resources have more decision-making opportunities at household, community and policy levels than their counterparts in intergenerational family networks. This contradicts assumptions that young people without their biological parents are inherently ‘marginalised’, and highlights the political importance of decision-making processes in perceived ‘private’ spaces, such as families and households. Structure and power relationships thus situate decision-making processes and affect available choices, but they cannot solely explain political roles and behaviour. This thesis also stresses the importance of agentic beliefs, intentions and aspirations. As actors in dynamic marginalisation processes, some young people attempt to access central spaces through education, remunerated formal employment and physical mobility. Others use marginal and transitional spaces to provide alternatives to the status quo. Such creativity and productivity occasion possibilities of political change. However, UNHCR’s protection and assistance responses do not facilitate these transformative processes because of their focus on perceived essentialist characteristics of monolithic ‘marginals’. This thesis offers an alternative approach that recognises refugee young people’s political agency, as well as the structural and power dynamics that constrain their decision-making opportunities.

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Moncrieffe, Marlon Lee. "Examining experiences and perceptions of mass migration and settlement in Britain over the ages : how can this assist teaching and learning in Key Stage 2 history?" Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/72121/.

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The background influences and socialisation of twenty-one White-British and predominantly female trainee-teachers specialising in Key Stage 2 history (trainee teachers) are examined via a semi-structured questionnaire and semi-structured interviews, to understand how they come to their perceptions on the story of Britain’s migrant past and how that frames their practice for teaching and learning via the aims and contents of the Key Stage 2 history curriculum. Short personal narratives and transcribed conversation concerning experiences of migration to the British Isles from an Afro-Caribbean immigrant (my mother) and her British born child (myself) were presented as artefacts to three trainee-teachers for their analysis and evaluation of them as part of a focus group discussion. It was for them to consider the impact of the artefacts on their thinking about the story of migration to the British Isles over the ages for their future professional practice in planning, teaching and learning via the Key Stage 2 curriculum aims and contents. Overall findings from the study indicate that the socialisation of trainee-teachers from multi-ethnic British background influences lead them to discuss their awareness of multiculturalism and cultural diversity within the story of Britain’s migrant past, as opposed to their peers of mono-ethnic White-British background influences and socialisation who produced dominant White-British majoritarian thinking in their considerations. When the idea of viewing the story of Britain’s migrant past via culturally diverse minority-ethnic group accounts are presented (via the artefacts) and planted into the minds of trainee-teachers from mono-ethnic White-British backgrounds and socialisation, they become very much open to the possibilities of using them in their future Key Stage 2 classroom practice. The Key Stage 2 optional unit of study: ‘an aspect or theme in British history that extends pupils’ chronological knowledge beyond 1066 (DfE, 2013a, p.4) is considered by the majority of trainee-teachers as being their least important focus on teaching and learning. This study makes the case the story of Britain’s migrant past concerning cross-cultural and cross-ethnic encounters over the ages can provide trainee-teachers with a clear opportunity to connect that with the optional unit of study. This study emphasises the need for Initial Teacher Education to assist with developing the subject knowledge of trainee-teachers concerning a culturally diverse representation of Britain’s migrant past over the ages.

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Westéus, Morgan. "Essays on temporary work agencies and the economic analysis of law". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-95474.

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This thesis consists of an introductory chapter and four self-contained papers on temporary work agenciesand the economic analysis of law. Paper [I] adds to the theoretical literature on the incentives of Temporary Work Agencies (TWAs). Using aprincipal-agent model with hidden action to model two main types of contracts between a TWA and a ClientFirm (CF), the TWA is shown to potentially act against the best interest of the CF when helping to fill avacant position. The results also suggest that the adverse effect of the incentive misalignment is larger whenthe worker is going to be leased instead of hired by the CF. However, this effect could potentially be offsetby introducing a sufficient level of competition among the TWAs. Paper [II] uses individual-level data on young adults to estimate how the probability of being employed inthe Swedish temporary agency sector is affected by whether a partner or other family member has experienceof temporary agency work. The results show a significant effect from all peer groups of a magnitude thatcorrespond to the other most influential control variables. We also find that this cohort of the agency sectorhas a relatively high education level compared to the regular sector, and that there are predominately menworking in thissector. Paper [III] analyses possible effects on total employment, and the distribution between agency work andregular contracts as a consequence of the implementation of the EU Temporary and Agency Workers Directive in Sweden. The analysis is based on changes in the compensation to agency workers in a calibratedextension of a Mortensen-Pissarides search model. Even though the results suggest a negative net effect ontotal employment, the implementation is shown to increase (utilitarian) welfare, and an increased transitionprobability from the agency sector into regular employment will increase welfare even further. Paper [IV] focuses on settlement probabilities for different types of representation within the Swedish LabourCourt. Empirical estimates on a set of unjust dismissal cases show that private representatives are generallyless likely to reach a settlement than their union counterparts. The settlement probabilities converge following court-mandated information disclosure, which suggests that information asymmetry is an importantfactor in explaining differences in settlement behaviour. Privately instigated negotiations are therefore ingeneral insufficient for making cases with non-union representation reach the same settlement rate as caseswith union representation.

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Barreto, Neto Francisco Nabuco de A. "Bioenergia e exclus?o regional: a n?o pol?tica nacional agroenerg?tica e os girass?is do RN". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13729.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoNABN.pdf: 1571343 bytes, checksum: f30a0bcc5b0d576b24ed11dbd5f25df2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-09
This doctoral thesis presents an analysis of the production of bicarbonates and related regional development in Brazil. It is widely believed that one of Brazil s vocations lies in the agro-energy sector. However, current national agro-energy policies, together with the experience of Petrobras (the national oil company) in rural settlements in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, show that Brazil has fallen short of effectively including the North and Northeast regions of the country, let alone small-scale rural producers (residing in rural settlements or not), in the development process and related benefits from the country s participation in the current world energy grid. The methodology entails secondary research related to the theme, such as books, official documents, websites and statistical databases from diverse sources, in addition to an analysis of statements from interviews of Petrobras representatives and other important scientific, institutional and labor union authorities, in relation to agro-energy issues and the socio-economic participation of family-based agriculture in this process. Principal findings show a correlation between agro-energy and regional development, creating the potential for numerous opportunities and challenges. Findings demonstrate the possibility of reversing/reducing historically rooted indices of hunger and poverty that continue to devastate the North and Northeast regions. At the same time, the thesis points to a potentially catastrophic increase in regional disparities, should the present historic moment not be seized upon so as to include these regions. Classic examples of non-policy at the federal level are presented as evidence of the absence of a regionally focused agroenergy policy in the current government, reinforced by the experiences of Petrobras in the Rio Grande do Norte rural settlements. Finally, the thesis concludes that there is an urgent need to create a government-sponsored enterprise (with a structure similar to Petrobras) with the purpose of implementing a truly broad and inclusive development process for the bicarbonates production sector, while remaining attentive to Brazil s opportune and critical role in the world s current agro-energy scenario.
Analisa a rela??o entre a produ??o de biocarburantes e a quest?o regional. Acredita-se que a produ??o agroenerg?tica ? uma voca??o brasileira, contudo, a atual pol?tica nacional agoenerg?tica e a experi?ncia dos assentamentos rurais apoiados pela Petrobras, no Rio Grande do Norte, n?o incluem efetivamente as regi?es Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, tampouco os pequenos produtores rurais (assentados ou n?o) nos benef?cios decorrentes da atual mudan?a na matriz energ?tica mundial. A metodologia utilizada inclui a pesquisa secund?ria concernente ao tema, tais como livros, documentos oficiais, sites, bases estat?sticas entre as demais fontes, e ainda a an?lise de discurso tomando por base entrevistas realizadas junto ? Petrobras e com importantes autoridades cient?ficas, institucionais e sindicais relacionadas ? quest?o agroenerg?tica e a inclus?o s?cio-econ?mica da agricultura familiar neste processo. Os principais resultados indicam que a correla??o entre agroenergia e a quest?o regional apresenta in?meras potencialidades e desafios. Aponta para a possibilidade de revers?o/redu??o dos hist?ricos indicadores de fome e pobreza que assolam o Norte e o Nordeste. Contudo, tamb?m indica que a n?o pol?tica agroenerg?tica no atual governo federal, assim como experi?ncias da Petrobras nos assentamentos do Rio Grande do Norte s?o exemplos claros de n?o pol?tica que podem agravar o quadro de disparidades regionais de forma abissal, caso n?o haja aproveitamento deste momento hist?rico. Por fim conclui que urge a cria??o de uma empresa de economia mista (nos moldes da Petrobras) e integradora especializada na produ??o de biocarburantes, que trate desta quest?o com a urg?ncia e import?ncia que o Brasil ocupa no cen?rio agroenerg?tico mundial, numa perspectiva verdadeiramente includente e abrangente.

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Smith, Sandra Eileen. "Domicide: concept, experience, planning". Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/6569.

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Nhlapo, Mamatshiliso Paulinah. "The experience of moving from an informal settlement to a secure stable home". Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/10445.

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This study explored the perceptions of beneficiaries of the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) with regard to the role that RDP houses play socially, psychologically, and physically in the lives of occupants after moving from an informal settlement into RDP houses. Given that the said housing programme targets disadvantaged people, it was important to understand their own perceptions of these houses. The study also explored the perceptions of government officials in regard to their experiences relating to RDP houses. A case study approach was adopted and Bronfenbrenner‟s ecological theory of human development was used as the theoretical framework to guide this study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with two groups of participants. First, Group A comprised three RDP participants who lived in an informal settlement before relocation to their RDP houses. Second, Group B comprised three participants from the national, provincial and local offices of the governmental human settlements departments respectively. Data were analysed and four main themes as well as the subthemes emerged from the analysis. The four main themes are the bolstered sense of psychological well-being; access to basic services, amenities, and benefits of an improved infrastructure; pride of ownership; and ownership as a form of personal economic development or empowerment. Findings suggested that the participants reflected expressions of joy, a sense of permanence, a feeling of being home, hope for the future, and an absence of worry. These meanings and interpretation of home ownership reflect how the participants identify with their RDP houses and how pleased they are to own a house. Basic services enhance their overall quality of life in relation to their psychological, physical and social well-being. Interestingly, access to socio-economic services and amenities such as connected water and electricity inside The Experience of Moving from an Informal Settlement to a Secure Stable Home 4 the houses, the availability of schools and clinics, transport services, and a habitable environment, were found to play an important role in the lives of the participants. However, factors which hamper the success of RDP housing and compound the hopelessness of living in an informal settlement as well as the problems that RDP home owners encounter, which restrain their pride of ownership are: ambivalence over restrictions or limitations imposed by building regulations, the size of the houses, the poor quality construction, and envy at improvements made to subsequent RDP houses. In conclusion, the findings add to a greater theoretical understanding of the factors contributing to human development and the factors that impede the effectiveness of the housing programme. These factors draw attention to a number of important issues regarding RDP housing, which may assist housing practitioners, and in particular, policy developers, in developing policy that may be more useful in meeting the needs of the people. This could enhance the existing housing programme as well as alert the housing practitioners to existing shortcomings and offer them the opportunity to become acquainted therewith. These factors that impede RDP ownership suggest a need for the government and other relevant stakeholders to engage in the issues that prevent the successful implementation of the housing programme thereby maximising the effectiveness of the housing programme, primarily in order to strive to improve the lives of previously disadvantaged people.
Social Work
MA SS (Psychology)

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Wu, Yen-Ching, i 吳彥慶. "The experience of hypertension intervention in Tibetan monasteries, Lugsun Samdupling settlement, Southern India". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06132140782433386805.

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碩士
國立陽明大學
公共衛生研究所
93
In March of 1959, China occupied Tibet. Dalai Lama, the spiritual and political leader of Tibet, led 80,000 Tibetans to India and Nepal where they remain as refugees. Up to now, there are 46 Tibet settlements located in India, Nepal, and Bhutan. According to the Tibetan Voluntary Health Association Annual Report for the Year 2003-2004, hypertension is one of five major leading causes of death in Tibetan Settlements in India. The target population in this thesis are monks living in Lugsun Samdupling Settlement, Bylakuppe, Southern India. This thesis records the problems in identifying and intervening a public health issue, i.e., hypertension. From the door-to-door household survey during October and November, 2004, the prevalence of hypertension (over 140/90mmHg) was 56%. And 51% monks were overweight (BMI > 27). A small scale household survey was conducted among monasteries by random sampling. A total of 209 monks over age 30 participated. We found that age and BMI were significant factors of hypertension. Intervention projects designed by applying the PRECEDE-PROCEED model included a focus on public health approaches through policy involvement for salt reduction; health promotion for health awareness such as pasting warning posters and notes at major restaurants, health education to community health workers, case management for high-risk patients, and screening programs which set up sphygmomanometer stations in public areas to increase the accessibility of blood pressure self-measurement. By using the personal interviews and questionnaires we evaluated process and then modified intervention projects. Through intervention projects, we increased the awareness of hypertension among this community, especially community health workers in monasteries. Furthermore, we were able to reduce the salt use in restaurants inside and around the monasteries. A longer-term evaluation is necessary to examine the effect of our intervention program.

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"Educators' experience in teaching guidance in life orientation in primary schools in an informal settlement". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3238.

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M.Ed.
The importance of teaching guidance in the life orientation learning area, particularly in four primary schools in an informal settlement of Daveyton in the Ekurhuleni District cannot be over-emphasised. The researcher believes that learner achievements and success depend on the balance between educator’s experience, knowledge and consistent training, including the use of appropriate and relevant skills to impart knowledge to the learners. In order to achieve the intended objectives, schools require well-trained and qualified life orientation educators to execute this monumental task with great insight, skill and passion. This study focuses on the lived experiences of educators who are teaching guidance in life orientation in Grade Eight in four primary and informal settlement schools in Daveyton, in schools with predominantly black African learners. Different situations and problems are encountered by learners in Grade Eight in primary and informal settlement schools. Learners are quite often unable to manage these issues in their day-to-day living. Under such circumstances the principal, the school management team and class educators are often obliged to intervene almost on a daily basis. As a consequence the smooth delivery of the entire curriculum is often disrupted. Research has shown that the high rate of school leavers in South Africa nationally, from Grade Eight to Grade Twelve reveals that learners are not taught enough knowledge and skills in teaching guidance life orientation learning area. As a result they do not complete senior primary and secondary school, and they drop out of school with life skills which are inadequate to face the demands of life. This qualitative study was conducted in an attempt to answer the research question: What are the lived experiences of educators who teach guidance in life orientation in four primary schools in informal settlements schools in Daveyton at the Ekurhuleni District Schools? The data was collected through in-depth interviews. They were audiotaped and transcribed.

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Wang, Hui. "Dancing With Maple Leaves: Labour Market Experience of Immigrant Women Professionals". Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/16611.

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This study presents an account of experiences of recent immigrant women professionals in negotiating labour market opportunities after arriving in Canada. The purpose of this research is to bring in immigrant women’s perspectives on immigration and employment study. Six immigrant women professionals from different cultural backgrounds were interviewed within the framework of qualitative research. Informed by feminist theories, this study intended to make women’s experience in post-arrival integration and settlement more visible and prominent. Research findings indicate both labour market and household factors contributed to shape the labour market experience of immigrant women professionals of recent years. Their experiences reveal the complicated social relations of their doubly burdened and triply oppressed location.

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Lu, Yen-Chun, i 呂彥君. "A Research on the Value of Recreation Experience in Shueinandong Settlement－From the Perspective of the Means-End Chain Model". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fk9my8.

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碩士
國立臺東大學
進修部暑期文化資源與休閒產業碩士專班
107
A Research on the Value of Recreation Experience in Shueinandong Settlement－From the Perspective of the Means-End Chain Model Lu, Yen-Chun Abstract In recent years, domestic tourism has prospered. " Recreation " has become a leisure and entertainment of Taiwanese people. The exploration of "secret circumstances" has become even more popular. The "Shueinandong settlement" has historical mining heritage and distinctive scenery. Although it is located close to Jiufen and Jinguashi, the settlement has being less attention by the public. The subjects of this study are the tourists from the Shueinandong settlement in Ruifang District of New Taipei City. The major purposes of this dissertation is to investigate the relationship between ‘attributes’, ‘consequences’ and ‘values’ of tourism within the Shueinandong tourists, and further examine the variety of different individual backgrounds and tourism characteristics of Shueinandong tourists by using Means-End Chain model. In the first phase of study, a qualitative research is conducted by using soft laddering technique to interview visitors. In the second phase of study, the result of qualitative research is used as the foundation of generating quantitative questionnaire which targeting on settlement tourists with convenient sampling method. Overall, a total of 292 valid questionnaires were distributed, the effective response rate was 97.33%. The research results in showing that by the plan of ‘tourism attributes’ and ‘tourism consequences’ can better achieve ‘personal values’. Therefore, the research has proved that ‘attributes’, ‘consequences’ and ‘values’ in Means-End Chain Theory are linked relationship in the tourism experience of Shueinandong settlement. In terms of academic contribution, this research constructs a value pattern of tourism experience with empirical result. In terms of practical contribution, by means of understanding the tourism attributes as well as values provides essential suggestions to Shueinandong settlement development of tourism. It is expected to manage its tourism industry with sustainability.

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Van, der Veen Roger Neal. "Settlement experience of Asian immigrant and humanitarian entrant people living in the Australian regional centre of Coffs Harbour, New South Wales /". 2004. http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/1279/1/01front.pdf.

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Australia has accepted several million immigrant and humanitarian entrant people since the large-scale immigration program began at the end of World War II. Since the White Australia Policy was completely abandoned in the early 1970s, many more Asian immigrant and humanitarian entrant people have arrived in Australia. They have disproportionately moved to and settled in the metropolitan centres, and not the regional centres. There is very little literature about the settlement of Asian immigrant and humanitarian entrant people in Australian regional centres. This research used a dialectic social work lens to analyse critically how settlement was structurally and individually framed by exploring the settlement experience of Asian immigrant and humanitarian entrant people living in an Australian regional centre, using Coffs Harbour NSW as a case study. Respondents (31) and key informants (16) were interviewed using in-depth, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews. There were six themes that proved to be significant that exhibited minimal social inclusion of Asian immigrant and humanitarian entrant people, resulting in a position of social inequality: Firstly, compatriots were present in small numbers, but were not deemed important. They did not play much of a role in the settlement of the respondents. Secondly, DIMIA funded hours of English language tuition were quite limited, and this resulted in most respondents only learning survival to functional English. Thirdly, the respondents had to interact with the townspeople, because of a lack of compatriots. Through this interaction, the respondents were forced to speak and learn more English. They were seen to be reaching out, by the townspeople. Fourthly, the respondents reported experiencing mainly low-level and unintentional discrimination and racism. The townspeople were reported overall as polite but tentative (tolerant but not accepting). Fifthly, the respondents were employed in part-time and casual work ranging from unskilled to semi-skilled. Their level of English kept them out of the occupations they wanted to work in, and this was not likely to change in Coffs Harbour; although, most of the respondents were employed in some capacity. Sixthly, belongingness, acceptance by the dominant group and the respondents’ sense of place, was attributed to Australia and in some cases to Australia and the country of origin. Belongingness was not attributed to Coffs Harbour or to compatriots. This reflects Australia, as the preferred country in which to live because of its standard of life. The respondents’ settlement was found to be one of minimal social inclusion (tolerance) resulting in a position of social inequality. This research has advocated change and reform, by striving to individualise the structural and giving voice to a marginalised group of people and then using this collectivised voice to advocate for change on the structural level. The commencement of this change and reform is the reconceptualisation of regional settlement.

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40

Van, der Veen Roger Neal. "The settlement experience of Asian immigrant and humanitarian entrant people living in the Australian regional centre of Coffs Harbour, New South Wales". Thesis, 2004. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/1279/1/01front.pdf.

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Australia has accepted several million immigrant and humanitarian entrant people since the large-scale immigration program began at the end of World War II. Since the White Australia Policy was completely abandoned in the early 1970s, many more Asian immigrant and humanitarian entrant people have arrived in Australia. They have disproportionately moved to and settled in the metropolitan centres, and not the regional centres. There is very little literature about the settlement of Asian immigrant and humanitarian entrant people in Australian regional centres. This research used a dialectic social work lens to analyse critically how settlement was structurally and individually framed by exploring the settlement experience of Asian immigrant and humanitarian entrant people living in an Australian regional centre, using Coffs Harbour NSW as a case study. Respondents (31) and key informants (16) were interviewed using in-depth, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews. There were six themes that proved to be significant that exhibited minimal social inclusion of Asian immigrant and humanitarian entrant people, resulting in a position of social inequality: Firstly, compatriots were present in small numbers, but were not deemed important. They did not play much of a role in the settlement of the respondents. Secondly, DIMIA funded hours of English language tuition were quite limited, and this resulted in most respondents only learning survival to functional English. Thirdly, the respondents had to interact with the townspeople, because of a lack of compatriots. Through this interaction, the respondents were forced to speak and learn more English. They were seen to be reaching out, by the townspeople. Fourthly, the respondents reported experiencing mainly low-level and unintentional discrimination and racism. The townspeople were reported overall as polite but tentative (tolerant but not accepting). Fifthly, the respondents were employed in part-time and casual work ranging from unskilled to semi-skilled. Their level of English kept them out of the occupations they wanted to work in, and this was not likely to change in Coffs Harbour; although, most of the respondents were employed in some capacity. Sixthly, belongingness, acceptance by the dominant group and the respondents’ sense of place, was attributed to Australia and in some cases to Australia and the country of origin. Belongingness was not attributed to Coffs Harbour or to compatriots. This reflects Australia, as the preferred country in which to live because of its standard of life. The respondents’ settlement was found to be one of minimal social inclusion (tolerance) resulting in a position of social inequality. This research has advocated change and reform, by striving to individualise the structural and giving voice to a marginalised group of people and then using this collectivised voice to advocate for change on the structural level. The commencement of this change and reform is the reconceptualisation of regional settlement.

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Govender, Carminee. "Experiences of teenage mothers in the informal settlements : an analysis of young females' reproductive health challenges, a case study of Siyanda informal settlement". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/6467.

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The reported percentage of births attributable to school going learners has highlighted the concern for adolescents engaging in early and unsafe sexual practices. A review of literature suggests that early sexual initiation and the likelihood of experiencing teenage pregnancy can impede on adolescents' ability to acquire skills, attain high levels of education, and access socioeconomic opportunities. Relatively less attention has been paid to the reproductive patterns and sexual behaviour of adolescents within informal settlements. This research, conducted in Siyanda informal settlement on the outskirts of KwaMashu Township, is designed to explore the sexual patterns and reproductive behaviour of the adolescents there. The study examines differences in sexual behaviour and childbearing experiences among teen mothers, currently pregnant teens; and those that have never experienced pregnancy. The findings suggest that the majority of adolescents residing in informal settlements experiment with and engage in sexual intercourse at ages much earlier than 19. Most teenagers experienced their first sexual intercourse by the second year of high school education. Teen mothers reported higher incidence of multiple sexual partners. Across all adolescents interviewed, the preferred sexual partners were much older males because of level of maturity, financial status; and the ability to negotiate use of contraceptives. Part of the cause of high incidents of teenage pregnancy within this environment was the lack of consistent usage of contraceptives. Many adolescents perceived usage of contraceptives to be impractical prior to conception of first birth. The experience of childbearing was found to have detrimental implications on these young females‟ educational attainment. Many of these adolescent failed to resume school to complete their education due to the lack of emotional and financial support from their partners and family members. Many adolescents highlighted their discontent with the lack of youth integration with the lack of youth integration in community based programmes. Furthermore, communication barriers in nearby health facilities as well as transport restricted their accessibility to obtain counselling with regards to their sexual activities and reproductive patterns. Thus, it is recommended that service delivery should be improved, including providing more health facilities especially the range of methods through which health officials such as nurses, social workers and counsellors which can be made easily accessible to these adolescents on a regular basis.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

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Manga, Nalini. "Teachers' experiences of teaching children from informal settlements". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7190.

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D.Ed.
With the dawning of the new democratic South Africa the 'dream' of a a unified education system was realised. Children who previously attended racially segregated schools are now all being educated in desegregated schools. This meteoric change has been eagerly embraced by most of the people of South Africa. Change at macro level often means change at micro level as well. For teachers within the education system this meant the challenge of providing equitable education for all. Schools in Lenasia, previously administered by the House of Delegates (concerned specifically with the education of Indian), began admitting black children from Soweto and the informal settlements around Lenasia since 1989. Soon after their admission teachers from some of the schools requested assistance from the school psychologist attached to the now defunct House of Delegates. They reported that they were experiencing difficulty teaching the children from the informal settlements. This request by the teachers provided the impetus for the research. The overriding aim was to determine what the concerns were and to develop strategies for addressing the concerns. A review of the research literature revealed that the concerns would be most appropriately identified within the naturalistic paradigm. The teachers were chosen as the unit of analysis. This was based on the finding that there was a dearth of research studies which focused on "teachers' voices". Listening to the teachers themselves is important. The aims of the research were a) to gather information on the teachers' experiences of teaching children from the informal settlements b) to describe the conditions which prevail, beliefs and attitudes which are held, processes which are going on and trends which are developing and c) to present strategies that may assist the teachers in their task. The research was conducted at primary schools in Lenasia. The participants were teachers teaching primary school children at these schools. A pilot study was conducted to eliminate potential unforeseen difficulties in the planned research. Data was gathered by means of a combination of methods, namely, four focussed group interviews, four phenomenological interviews, analysis of pupils' workbooks, analysis of pupils' school reports, analysis of the proceedings at a conference on Multilinguality and field notes. Interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. The proceedings at the conference were video-taped and also transcribed verbatim. The data was content and phenomenologically analysed by using Kerlinger's Method of Content Analysis (1986) and Giorgi's Method of Data Analysis (1985). Quality was built into the research by the application of strategies such as triangulation, persistent observation, referential adequacy materials, peer debriefing, member checks, purposive sampling, reflexive journals, dependability audits, confirmability audits and literature control. Several categories and themes emerged from the analysis of the data. The experiences of the teachers were categorised into the following divisions: pupil related experiences; parent related experiences; community related experiences; administration related experiences; didactic experience; personal experiences; strategies and suggestions. Teachers' attributed the difficulties that the children from the informal settlements were experiencing primarily to their lack of knowledge of English. The schools being English medium schools they expected the children to know English. They perceived the difficulties as arising from a number of factors such as a) pupils' emotional vulnerability, lack of motivation, classroom misbehaviour, ethnic groupings and cultural differences b) mother tongue instruction at their previous schools c) parents socio-economic status and illiteracy and d) social problems and lack of support from the community. It was generally felt that teachers did not have the necessary training and experience needed to teach children who spoke languages other than English. In addition, the children were of a different cultural group and they did not have the expertise to deal with this issue. Teachers perceived the administrators and subject advisors as not been sufficiently supportive and unable to guide them in their efforts to teach the children from the informal settlements. Further, practical problems such as the large number of children per class, wide range of ability groups in their classes, inappropriate placement of children, syllabus demands, and the policy of condoned passes was complicating their teaching. This often led to frustration, resentment, and 'burn-out'. In spite of these difficulties most teachers had attempted to address the difficulties in innovative ways. Understanding and empathising with the children's difficulties and being flexible in their teaching was one of the strategies used by the teachers. Other strategies included the provision of extra tuition in English. The analysis also revealed that some teachers had reflected deeply about their teaching instruction. From their reflections they concluded that they themselves had to change to meet the new demands in teaching. The literature review and control revealed many similarities between studies undertaken in South Africa and some differences and uniqueness. Drawing the threads of the various studies resulted in the development of the strategies suggested. In essence it involves a) the need for teachers to get in touch with their own beliefs, attitudes, strengths and weaknesses and address the needs b) teachers need to empower the children from the informal settlements to meet the demands of the school. This can be accomplished by a) improving their knowledge, skills, and expertise in addressing the concerns expressed b) enlisting the assistance of the parents and the community c) demanding that administrators and subject advisors provide the necessary guidance support and resources need to accomplish their task. Administrators and education advisors need to support, guide and enhance the teachers' expertise. Ways in which this can be accomplished is by providing appropriate, relevant, practical and challenging in-service training, presenting workshops and seminars, initiating staff development programmes and "just being there" for the teachers by valuing them and encouraging them.

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Porter, Wallace J. "Staying Put? The Settlement Experiences of Iranian Immigrants in Halifax". 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/13093.

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Between 2005 and 2009, Iran became one of the most significant immigrant sending source countries to Nova Scotia. My thesis examines the settlement experiences of Iranian immigrants in Halifax to determine whether they plan on staying in the province. I engage literature on multiculturalism and transnationality as a theoretical framework to explore what influences newcomers in developing a sense of belonging to Canada. By conducting interviews with Iranian immigrants, I found that social network sites are an important tool for integrating and facilitating political organization and transnational activism. Other findings suggest that lack of employment opportunities and dismissal of foreign experience are the main reasons for out-migration.

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Yeo, Christina Ken Yin. "Contemporary migration between Malaysia and Australia: transnational and settlement experiences". Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/100750.

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Australia hosts a large contingent of overseas Malaysians which has evolved from a number of waves of migration, particularly in recent years. The contemporary migration relationship between the two countries is complex involving movement in both directions, along with the transnational linkages which have generated wide research and policy interest, but little studied in the Malaysia – Australia context. This study provides a deeper understanding of why Malaysians move to Australia, how well they settle in, and how they maintain links with Malaysia. It adopts a mixed-methods approach using quantitative and qualitative analysis drawing on data collected in an online survey of 1033 Malaysians living in Australia, and 30 interviews with survey respondents and key informants. The findings show that there are three categories of migrants: 1) student; 2) economically active age group; and 3) retirees. The first group is characterised by young, predominantly Malay students, whereas the second is mainly made up of Chinese holding skilled visas. The third group was dominated by females, predominantly Chinese and aged over 50 years. These migrants play a distinct role in their host country, and represent potential resources for their home country too. They are highly skilled, visit their home country frequently for business and leisure, and many retain a strong sense of connection and identification with the countries they move between. The return intentions vary significantly between the Malays and the other ethnic groups, with many intending to stay in Australia. The Malays were very positive about their overseas presence being beneficial to Malaysia, were more likely to return, and over a-quarter own a home and property there. The Chinese were more likely to stay and settle permanently in Australia. A smaller survey of 134 Australians in Malaysia provide an interesting insight into factors contributing to patterns of movement between Australia and Malaysia. Most were in the economically active age groups, on work contracts, and also most likely to return to Australia. Through a better understanding of these migrants, their migration decisions and potential contribution to Malaysia, it is possible to examine the reciprocal migration flows between Australia and Malaysia.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2016.

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Tasantab, Jerry Chati. "Beyond coping in informal settlements: the factors influencing flood risk adaptation intentions". Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1432279.

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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Flooding is a nightmare in many parts of the world, with the poor and vulnerable usually the worst affected. Extensive flood risks are a significant concern in many countries, including Ghana, where localised annual flooding is common in urban areas. There is concern that climate change will increase the intensity of precipitation, with resultant flooding affecting vulnerable populations, especially those in informal settlements in developing countries. Households in the informal settlements have habitually adopted coping measures to deal with the existing flood risks. Coping measures are reactive, short-term measures, and are unable to ensure resilience. Although coping measures are a critical part of building flood resilience, adaptation measures ensure proactive and long-term adjustments to existing and future flooding risk that increases resilience. Nevertheless, adaptation measures that can build the resilience of households are not adopted currently in Ghana, and this is placing lives at risk. Only a few empirical studies have focused on the flood risk adaptation intentions of informal settlements in the Ghanaian context. This research, therefore, investigates the informal settlements’ flood risk adaptation intentions, with a view to understanding how flood experience, fear, coping experience and cognitive appraisals affect those intentions. The conceptual position of this research is underpinned by the protection motivation theory (PMT). The application of PMT to the study of the flood risk adaptation intentions of households in informal settlements is novel. Therefore, a new conceptual model was developed, based on PMT, to examine how flood experience, fear, coping experience and cognitive appraisals influence flood risk adaptation intention. The study employed a convergent mixed methods design, comprising a concurrent quantitative and qualitative data collection approach. The research focused on Glefe, an informal settlement in Accra, Ghana, as a case study. The quantitative data was collected using a household survey, resulting in 392 responses. The qualitative data was collected from interviews with nineteen key informants, comprising seventeen community members and two National Disaster Management Organisation (NADMO) officials. The quantitative data was then analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis with the support of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and WarpPLS, while the qualitative data was analysed with thematic analysis with the aid of NVivo. The quantitative results showed that there exist statistically significant relationships between the aforementioned independent variables and flood risk adaptation intentions. With few exceptions, the hypothesised relationships in the conceptual model were generally supported by the results. The adaptation appraisal had a substantial positive influence on adaptation intention, explaining 68% of the variance. The qualitative findings also showed that the residents were fearful and anxious about current and future flooding risks. The households in the informal settlement also perceived that adaptation actions could be effective in reducing flooding risks and impacts. The qualitative results concurred with the quantitative results, underlining that household experiences and appraisals are vital in households’ flood risk adaptation intentions. The results revealed that there was a general willingness and intention to undertake adaptation measures against flooding. Crucially, the results indicated that flood experience and coping experience positively influenced the flood risk adaptation intentions of households in the informal settlement. The research results also found that informal settlement households place a greater emphasis on the response efficacy of adaptation measures than the cost or their self-efficacy. The findings of the research have, therefore, underscored the relevance of household experiences and appraisals to flood risk adaptation intentions in informal settlements, which may be crucial to aid transition, beyond coping, to adaptation to the impacts of climate change.

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Hou, Chia Ling, i 侯佳伶. "A Study on High School Students’ Experiences of Domestic Violence and Types of Date Conflict Settlement". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41448030701087363145.

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碩士
國立中正大學
犯罪防治研究所
99
This research uses questionnaire method, takes all public and private senior/vocational high schools in Chia-Yi city as sample size, and randomly chooses freshmen to senior year students in eleven schools. There are 1,330 effective questionnaires for analysis, scales design variables are “domestic violence experience”, “deviation behavior”, and “date conflict settlement” to allow students fill-in self-report. Effective questionnaires data analysis methods are quantification analysis from statistics including frequency distribution, independent sample t-verification, single-factor variable analysis, Pearson product moment correlation test, Chi-square tests, and regression analysis to analyze scale data and to find the correlation between domestic violence experiences and date conflict types for senior/vocational high school students. Findings of this research as follow: A. For domestic violence experience: 1. Male students’ feelings about domestic violence are remarkable lower than female students. 2. Freshmen experience more domestic violence than seniors. 3. Continuation school teenagers students has higher rate of domestic violence experiences than high school students. 4. Teenagers in foster home, step parenthood, and single parenthood family has higher rate of domestic violence experiences than regular families. 5. Teenagers in blue collar family have remarkable higher rate of domestic violence experiences than white collar family. B. For deviation behavior: 1. Differences in gender has no influence in deviation behavior. However, in “extroversion misbehavior” and “learning problem” male students have significant higher rate than female students. 2. Sophomore’s deviation behavior rate higher than freshmen and senior. Freshmen have highest「introversion deviation behavior」 rate in all three grades. 3. Continuation school students have notable higher deviation behavior rate than other types of schools. 4. Students from foster home, step parenthood, and single parenthood family has higher rate of deviation behavior than regular families. 5. Family social and economic situation does not affect student deviation behavior. C. For rational date conflict settlement: 1. No remarkable differences for gender in rational date conflict settlement. 2. Freshmen have highest rate in rational date conflict settlement. 3. No significant differences for school types in rational date conflict settlement. D. For irrational date conflict settlement: 1. Female have higher irrational date conflict settlement rate then male. 2. Continuation school students have higher rate in “physical conflict＂ than other types of schools. E. Domestic violence experience is significantly related to rational date conflict settlement. Domestic violence experience and deviation behavior are direct proportion. F. Domestic violence experience has no remarkable related to rational date conflict settlement. Domestic violence experience is significantly related to irrational date conflict settlement. Which means higher rate in domestic violence experience have higher rate in irrational date conflict settlement. G. Deviation behavior is significantly related to rational date conflict settlement and irrational date conflict settlement. Domestic violence experience and deviation behavior are direct proportion. Higher rate in deviation behavior have higher rate in irrational date conflict settlement.

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47

Kekana, Ephenia Mosadi. "An assessment of post settlement support programme for restitution beneficiaries: experiences from Capricorn District, South Africa". Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/98.

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48

Atem, Atem. "In the Search for the Good Life: Settlement Experiences of South Sudanese Families in Western Sydney". Phd thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/267266.

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This thesis is about the settlement experiences of South Sudanese humanitarian migrants. South Sudanese came to Australia in search for the good life. They came with high settlement expectations and aspirations. However, in 2007, the Australian government declared that South Sudanese failed to achieve successful settlement. This thesis prioritises the perspectives of South Sudanese in defining settlement to elucidate a more nuanced understanding of migrant settlement. To do this, grounded theory, as advocated by Juliet Corbin and Anselm Strauss, was the underpinning methodological approach. Symbolic interactionism and pragmatism were the guiding philosophies. Data collection methods included interviews and participant observation while data analysis methods included open coding, axial coding and context analysis for integration. This thesis argues that settlement cannot be fully understood without placing the settlement process in its broadest context. Therefore, the thesis explores in detail pre-migration to Australia experiences to better understand how they influence settlement outcomes. Major historical events including war reshaped the traditional way of life, socio-cultural, economic and political arrangements of South Sudan. War uprooted and displaced communities. South Sudanese, consequently, sought asylum in Egypt, Ethiopia and Kenya and eventually Australia. Displacement and asylum-seeking in Africa determined settlement expectations, aspirations and needs on arrival in Australia. Although pre-migration context plays an important role in the settlement of migrants, this thesis argues that negative settlement experiences in Australia and the failure of the Australian society to respond adequately and positively were the decisive factors in determining settlement outcomes for South Sudanese humanitarian migrants. To explain this colossal societal failure, this thesis draws on theories of social justice and ethnocracy as explicated by John Rawls and Oren Yiftachel respectively. The thesis Engages with Iris Marion Young to highlight how institutional arrangements could be experienced as oppression and domination. T. H. Marshall's theory of citizenship is used to show that although most South Sudanese are formally Australian citizens, they have not achieved social citizenship. Alastair Davidson suggests that Australian citizenship is understood in racial terms and those who do not fit the racial archetype of an Australian citizen who is white and Anglo-European may not achieve social citizenship. The thesis suggests that immigrant settlement is a complex process whose outcomes cannot be simply binary - success or failure. South Sudanese humanitarian migrants who participated in this study viewed successful settlement as a process whose endpoint is local integration and local civic participation not success or failure. Such local integration is influenced by macro societal factors such as the prevailing perception of refugees. In Australia, refugees have been described as a threat to national cultural values and a danger to society. In the context of heightened fear of refugees, the need for local integration is critical. As many South Sudanese participants in this study have pointed out, integration does not happen nationally but locally. Recently arrived humanitarian migrants achieve such integration through active participation in the local community socially, economically and politically to shape that community. Therefore, as humanitarian migrants become embedded in local processes, they develop multiple local connections which foster a sense of belonging.

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Kemble, Veronica. "The experiences of NGO-employed HIV caregivers in peri-urban informal settlements, South Africa". Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/10139.

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Caregivers comprise a unique population of people who devote much of their time to the ill people whom they serve. This study aimed to examine the complex experiences of NGO-employed HIV caregivers in peri-urban informal settlements. This study provides an overview of the literature pertaining to NGO-employed HIV caregivers. Due to the fact that the caregivers who participated in this study worked for a faith-based organisation, this study examined the possible role of religiosity in influencing the experiences of the caregivers. Twelve in depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with NGO-employed HIV caregivers who worked for a faith-based (Christian) organisation. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse data generated by the interviews. Religiosity is common to the majority of the themes identified, and seems to play an important role in the way in which the caregivers cope with stress, the way that they treat their patients, the way that caregivers perveive people in informal settlements to think about HIV, as well as the way in which they feel that communities within informal settlements think about and deal with HIV. The results of this study have various implications for future research, theory and policy regarding HIV caregivers, home-based care in South Africa, as well as the possible role of faith-based organisations in assisting with the HIV pandemic.

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50

Turda, Ileana-Maria. "Strength-based approach in social work: professionals' experiences in working with refugee youth in Nakivale refugee settlement, Uganda". Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/16754.

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The aim of the research was to explore the area of social work practice with refugee youth in Nakivale refugee settlement, Uganda, in relation to the use of strength-based approach. Hence, the focus was on the professionals and their experiences in working with the youth, covering the area of strengths and resources, both personal and those acknowledged in their clients, the guidelines used and their approach towards youth. Moreover, on a deeper sense, I tried to observe how professionals’ strengths, values and attitudes are transferred into practice. The research is constructed around the sensitive contexts of refugee settlements and refugees, with a focus on the youth and children as predominant groups in the overall population of refugees in Uganda. The same applies for Nakivale refugee settlement. Within this context and drawing from social work literature, the strength-based approach has been used as theoretical framework. The data was collected through qualitative methods, namely, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and participatory observations, using ethnography as a research design. The main sample consisted of 25 professionals from 6 organizations active in the settlement, focused on the work with youth on different areas of practice and service provision (HIJRA – Humanitarian Initiative Just Relief Aid, War Child Canada, ARC – American Refugee Committee, FRC – Finnish Refugee Council, Tutapona and Windle Trust Uganda). Therefore a purposeful sampling was used. Further on, the voices of the youth were captured through FGDs to enriched the findings. The biggest limitation is the dimension of professionals in relation with social work, since the field of practice includes different areas connected to social work, humanitarian and social sciences. The findings show that the strength-based approach is being used by professionals in their practices. Hence, it is reflected through their attitude towards their clients, through their values, motivations and their passion expressed both for work and humanity. They own the necessary strengths, resources and qualities in order to overcome both personal and work related challenges. Professionals are able to recognize the strengths and resources of their clients and promote them. Emphasizes are made on strong and positive attitudes, genuine relationships, faith and spirituality as a resource and the strength encountered in love, hope and dreams. Reflections made on refugee youth highlight that they are acknowledged as resourceful and resilient. The youth voices are strengthening and confirming the findings. Hence, I conclude that the strength-based approach as a whole is being used by professionals in their practice with the refugees and refugee youth and at a macro level, the aim of self-reliance policies follows the same direction.

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