Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Service sur demande”
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Tran, Tien Dung. "L'usage du vélo en libre-service : impact de l'environnement socio-économique des stations sur la génération de la demande : application sur la Métropole de Lyon". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2179.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn a context of sustainable transport, the bike sharing is an important factor in the policies to promote soft modes of transport in the urban center. Its rapid development in the world requires a need to deepen the usage of this mode of travel. Our contribution through this research is to analyze the important built-environment factors and the characteristics of bike sharing system that influence the use of bike sharing in order to build predictive models of demand for bike sharing. Assuming that socio-economic elements around the bike sharing stations are qualitatively and quantitatively explanatory for the use of bike sharing, our approach are based primarily on statistical analysis of temporal and spatial elements explaining bike sharing usage in order to determine and quantify the important built-environment variables. These variables are then used to model the generation of the daily demand of bike sharing using multiple linear regression method. The models estimating inflows and outflows of bike sharing using socioeconomic variables determined in a buffer area of each station are built. These models are useful for estimating the demand for new stations in an enlargement perspective of an existing bike sharing system or location and sizing of a new bike sharing system. The similar process of determination, quantification of the explanatory variables and modelling can be used to form a framework to predict the demand of other vehicle sharing systems
Saadon, Guy. "New architecture and function to improve autonomy, dynamicity, and intelligence of future network management". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAT042.
Pełny tekst źródła5G and IoT networks face an explosion in demand, and therefore become more complex and difficult to manage. Automation is limited and human intervention generates errors. On the standardization side, orchestration, SDN controllers, and network virtualization introduce partial dynamicity. On the research side, user centric services require agility and intelligence. However, the orchestration is monolithic. The dynamicity and autonomy relating to “on-demand” are not guaranteed. Thus, after 20 years of experience in the telecom industry, our contributions attempt to meet these new challenges. Our first architectural and organizational proposal introduces a new layer to design and manage virtual services. Our orchestration is distributed over 5 layers to guarantee autonomy and performance. Our second proposal, functional, supported by a simulation, addresses the dynamicity of “ondemand” services. Our last proposal supported by a numerical analysis, is a decision-making function, based on the high-level SLA in order to improve the ratio of allowable services. Faced with these needs of autonomy, dynamicity, and intelligence of the new ecosystem, our research aims at the holy grail of "zero-touch"
Potiez, Catherine Charlotte. "Influence des coûts monétaires et non-monétaires sur la formation de la valeur perçue : une application au secteur des services". Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50374-2003-25-26.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBerrada, Jaâfar. "Analyse et optimisation technico-économiques des nouveaux services de mobilité basés sur l'usage des véhicules autonomes". Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1002.
Pełny tekst źródłaAutonomous Vehicles (AV) are becoming more of a reality, promising beneficial yet potentially disrupting changes to our urban transportation systems. This technology presents the potential to reduce energy consumption and crash occurrences, cut travel costs and minimize urban space occupancy for parking purposes. Yet barriers to implementation and mass-market penetration remain. Economically, the upfront costs in the initial stage will likely lack affordability. Socially, users could be reluctant to change their daily travel routines. Technically, the interactions with the other components of the transportation system remain uncertain. There are other challenges regarding liability, security, ethics and data privacy, too.This thesis contributes to the ex-ante study of AV-based mobility systems through the identification, design and assessment of upcoming Business Models (BM) articulated around AVs. In particular, it brings about a systemic analysis of “new” mobility services (especially car-sharing, carpooling and ride-sourcing services) in order to identify autonomous taxis (aTaxis) and autonomous shuttles (aTransit) as two of the most relevant forms of services that may enjoy wide spreading. Then, we focus on a service of aTaxis and we put forward a microeconomic model framework to evaluate strategic setups of aTaxis provider. The model framework comprises three levels (operational, tactical and strategic), and integrates three pressure forces (regulation, unit costs and demand preferences). An application is then conducted on a stylized area (Orbicity) and a real urban case (Palaiseau, a city in Paris area).Simulation results show that automation has the potential to improve both the mobility performances and the economic efficiency of the urban transportation system. Additionally, the density economies of supply and demand are evaluated by controlling both the fleet size and the number of users for a fixed study area. In particular, the framework application on Palaiseau proved that increasing by ten the fleet size of aTaxis involves 1% more users (+15 passengers) yet 50% less of profit. A stated-preference survey supports the model framework and suggests that aTaxis will likely be used for short-distance (2 to 5 km) commuting trips by two user profiles: (1) non-motorized young users (less than 30 years old) and (2) motorized active population between 30 and 50 years old.The thesis takes an interdisciplinary approach combining (1) a qualitative analysis that starts from a review of existing works and adds first a marketing analysis of Business Models based on AVs and second a systemic analysis of an aTaxis service, and (2) a quantitative analysis, situated midway between microeconomics and spatial simulation
Coronado, Etienne S. "Une architecture de services sur demande pour les communications sans fils véhiculaire". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1945.
Pełny tekst źródłaMessaoudi, Djamel. "Le fonctionnement du marché de l'aide à domicile en situation d'incertitude sur la qualité : Approche théorique et empirique : Le cas de l'aide aux personnes agées". Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL12005/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation analyses the functioning of domiciliary eldercare, a market mainly characterised by uncertainty on quality. Drawing on the economics of information, quality and conventions, the analysis is based on a questionnaire-based inquiry among 530 older people and a surve of 14 suppliers and 4 coordinating structures. The first part presents the difficulties concerning the coordination on the market, the sources of development of the market and the main issues about quality. The second part offers an economic analysis of uncertainty, through a discussion of the interest and limits of economic theories of choice under uncertainty. Definitions of quality and qualitative uncertainty are proposed. The main results of the survey among elder people are presented in the third part. The goal of this empirical research was to understand how people make choice in a market with no differentiation of suppliers’ qualities. Resulting from several factor analyses, typologies of behavior and choice under uncertainty are proposed. The fourth part illustrates the role of trust and networks in the coordination of this market. Some organisational models associated to quality conventions are analysed further. The analysis of the stability of these models emphasises the existence of a multi-conventional quality model at the core of domiciliary eldercare services
Messaoudi, Djamel. "Le fonctionnement du marché de l'aide à domicile en situation d'incertitude sur la qualité : Approche théorique et empirique : Le cas de l'aide aux personnes agées". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL12005.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation analyses the functioning of domiciliary eldercare, a market mainly characterised by uncertainty on quality. Drawing on the economics of information, quality and conventions, the analysis is based on a questionnaire-based inquiry among 530 older people and a surve of 14 suppliers and 4 coordinating structures. The first part presents the difficulties concerning the coordination on the market, the sources of development of the market and the main issues about quality. The second part offers an economic analysis of uncertainty, through a discussion of the interest and limits of economic theories of choice under uncertainty. Definitions of quality and qualitative uncertainty are proposed. The main results of the survey among elder people are presented in the third part. The goal of this empirical research was to understand how people make choice in a market with no differentiation of suppliers’ qualities. Resulting from several factor analyses, typologies of behavior and choice under uncertainty are proposed. The fourth part illustrates the role of trust and networks in the coordination of this market. Some organisational models associated to quality conventions are analysed further. The analysis of the stability of these models emphasises the existence of a multi-conventional quality model at the core of domiciliary eldercare services
Cadet, Thomas. "Contributions empiriques sur l’offre et la demande de téléphonie mobile". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1G015.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe wish to contribute to the understanding of the mobile market by studying the pricing strategies of the operators, but also by studying the consumers behavior in terms of uses and recommendation
Étienne, Janique. "Formes de la demande et modes de gestion des services d'eau potable en Afrique Subsaharienne : Spécificité des milieux semi-urbains". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENPC9823.
Pełny tekst źródłaAubry, Alexis. "Optimisation pour la configuration robuste de systèmes de production de biens et de services". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0106.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis addresses the configuration of production systems under uncertainties. Fist, the main tools used to handle uncertainty in optimisation are presented. The robustness notion is emphasized through our approach. Then, two applications are presented: the robust configuration of a multi-purpose machines workshop under demand uncertainties and the robust configuration of a power distribution network under uncertainties on customers load and power sources capacities. For each application, the perturbations that are taken into account are identified as well as the performances to maintain despite these perturbations. Then a robustness criterion is defined to fit these applications. Finally resolution methods are designed to address the different robustness problems raised by this criterion
Chakode, Noumowe Rodrigue. "Environnement d'exécution pour des services de calcul à la demande sur des grappes mutualisées". Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENM035/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis studies resource management for on-demand computing services through a shared cluster. In such a context, the aim was to propose tools to enable allocating resources automatically for executing on-demand user requests, to enable sharing resources proportionally among those services, while maximizing their use. Funded by the Minalogic global business cluster through the Ciloe Project (http://ciloe.minalogic.net), this work targets on organizations such as SMB, which are not able to support the charge of purchasing and maintaining a dedicated computing infrastructure. Firstly, we have achieved a deep survey in the areas of on-demand computing and high performance computing. From this survey, we have defined a virtualized architecture to enable dynamic execution of user requests thanks to a special resource manager. Finally, we have proposed policies and algorithms which are so flexible to offer a suitable tradeoff between equity and resource use. Having worked in a context of industrial collaboration, we have developed a prototype of our proposal as a proof of concept. Based on open standards, this prototype relies on existing virtualization tools such as OpenNebula for allocating and manipulating virtual machines over the cluster's nodes. From this prototype along with various workloads, we have carried out experiments to evaluate our architecture and scheduling algorithms. Results have shown that our contributions allow to achieve the expected goals while being reliable and efficient
Aubry, Alexis. "Optimisation pour la configuration robuste de systèmes de production de biens et de services". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204407.
Pełny tekst źródłaChakode, noumowe Rodrigue. "Environnement d'exécution pour des services de calcul à la demande sur des grappes mutualisées". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00744409.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbbasi, Ubaid. "Quality-Aware Live and on-Demand Video Streaming in P2P Networks". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14513.
Pełny tekst źródłaThere is an increasing demand for efficient deployment of real-time multimedia streaming applications over Internet. In this context, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks are playing an important role for supporting robust and scalable transmission of multimedia content to large-scale and massive receivers. P2P networks consist of different heterogeneous networks and devices, which may not have symmetric characteristics to offer the same video quality to end clients. The deployment of streaming applications such as live and on-demand over P2P networks is challenging. Indeed, video streaming applications require real-time performance guarantee in terms of low end-to-end delay, low packet loss and guaranteed available bandwidth. Moreover, P2P video streaming also experiences the problems of long start-time and churn-induced instability. The situation leads to affect the viewing experience of the users in P2P networks.The aim of this thesis is to analyze these issues and to propose quality-aware mechanisms for both live and on-demand streaming over P2P networks. Our contributions in this dissertation are threefold. First, we propose a small world overlay organization mechanism allowing efficient organization of peers to reduce the end-to-end delay for live streaming applications. Second, we propose a mechanism for cooperative prefetching with differentiated chunks scheduling suitable for P2P video-on-demand (VoD) to efficiently handle seek operations while reducing the response latency and increasing the hit ratio. Finally, we present a smoothing mechanism for layered streaming in P2P networks. The mechanism aims to reduce the number of layer changes under varying network conditions while at the same time achieving a high delivery ratio
Lagasnerie, Grégoire de. "Trois essais en économie de la santé sur la régulation de la demande de soins de ville s'appuyant sur la méthode de micro-simulation". Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0093.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis sheds light on various issues in health economics (reimbursement system of care, sensitivity of the demand for health care prices , prediction of the dynamics of care expenses ) through the technique of micro -simulation. This thesis is composed of three articles. The first two articles of this thesis contribute to improved understanding of the mechanism related to the regulation of health care demand through the reimbursement system. The last article analyzes the evolution of the demand for care in the medium and long term. The first article focuses on the analysis in term of equity and hedging of reform of the reimbursement system of healthcare services in France. The second article examines the implications for health insurance and the insured of changes in consumption behavior of insured following a reform of the reimbursement system of cafe in France. The third article, from the study of different methods of projections in the economic literature analyzes the dynamic of outpatient healthcare expenditure related to the ageing population
Vuillecard, Cyril. "Méthode de construction d’une offre d’effacement électrique basée sur les technologies gaz naturel : Application - micro-cogénération et chaudière hybride". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0008/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD thesis addresses two issues: Firstly, the assessment of Demand Side Management (DSM) opportunity of gas and electricity technologies in dwellings, and secondly, the integration of their valuations in infrastructure planning schemes.This work originaites from a context of the growth of electricity peaks (which increased risk of system failure) and the natural gas consumption decrease which leads to an under-utilization of the gas distribution network.This manuscript focuses on the integration of gas technologies as DSM solution to contribute to the planning of electricity grid. Indeed, relieving the electricity consumption during constrained periods by diffusing micro-cogeneration or hybrid boiler, is an actual alternative to network reinforcement solutions. To quantify the load shedding capacity, we are interested in the marginal impact of demand systems on the amount of Energy Not Supplied potential. Estimating systems' impacts on heating demand is a prerequisite to this approach. So we model the regional heating load curves by a Bottom-Up approach to simulate marginal demand profiles depending on heating systems. The implementation of this method requires socio-technico-economic studies to reduce uncertainty of the determinants of heating needs. A load calibration methodology has been proposed but has not been performed. However, we make a contribution to the analysis of aggregated load curves emphasizing that the load model currently used by network operator similar to a simplified building model
Plain, Nicolas. "Micro-réseaux d'électricité 100% solaire et isolés en Afrique. Eléments de dimensionnement, coût de l'électricité, dépendance au climat régional et au profil de demande Accounting for low solar resource days to size 100% solar microgrids power systems in Africa". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALU013.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe joint achievement of the United Nations sustainable development goal n°7 aiming at access to clean and reliable energy for all by 2030 and the climate objectives of the Paris agreement requires the development of microgrids (MG) powered by local renewable energy resources for isolated areas that cannot be connected to the grid. This is particularly the case in Sub-Saharan Africa where 600 million people, mainly in remote rural areas, do not have access to electricity. This thesis focuses on the analysis of solar MG not connected to the grid to meet the challenges of electricity generation in isolated areas in Africa. The socio-technical feasibility specific to these MG is based on a strong temporal adequacy between the solar resource and the demand while limiting the cost of the electricity supplied to the consumers.We first explore the multiscale temporal variability of the local solar resource in Africa and its implication on the MG sizing, using high-resolution satellite data of global horizontal irradiance for a 21-year period (1995-2015). The low percentile values of the solar resource give a first guess on the size of the solar panels surface required for the microgrid to achieve a given quality service. We show that the usual sizing of microgrids based on the average solar resource is underestimated. Taking into account low resources periods leads to oversizing the photovoltaic (PV) surface by a factor of 1.3 to 4. With such an oversizing, it is possible to ensure a good quality of service without relying on a large amount of storage. For certain areas, some demand flexibility during low resource periods would make it possible to reduce significantly the sizing.We then analyze how the potential seasonality of electricity demand impacts the size of fully solar-powered microgrids, through the analysis of the co-variability structure between solar resource and demand. We consider that the MG has to meet total daily demand at least 95% of days and a seasonal variation in demand of up to 30%. While in some parts of Africa the size required to meet seasonal demand is 20% lower than what is needed to meet non-seasonal demand, it may also be 20% higher. We also explore to what extent the effect of PV panels tilt angle could reduce the resource supply-demand mismatch and the sizing. Usually the tilt angle is equal to the latitude. For a constant daily demand, the gain in size achieved by optimizing tilt angle is generally less than 4%, but for specific seasonal demand patterns, it may reach 9%. In a number of locations, focused surveys and analysis to estimate the temporal structure of demand would nevertheless yield significant gains in MG size.Finally, the cost of electricity required to ensure a good quality of service is a determining factor of the potential deployment of solar MG. We evaluate the sensitivity of the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and of the MG optimal configuration (i.e. with the lowest LCOE) to solar panels and battery costs and to other economic parameters. If the sensitivity of the LCOE to updated costs is obviously large, the optimal configuration (surface of PV panels and storage capacity) is very robust. The optimal configuration is almost only determined by the temporal co-variability structure between the resource and the demand. It is thus dependent on the one hand on the regional climate, and on the other hand on the temporal structure of the demand. The adjustment variable is essentially the PV panels oversizing, which is based on the low solar resource days while storage has the main function of managing the resource-demand mismatch at sub daily level. One interesting result is the significantly lowest LCOE to ensure productive uses compared to domestic uses only because of the lower storage capacity required for productive uses. Such results have direct implications for all operational and institutional actors involved in the deployment of energy access in remote areas in Africa
Coulm, Bénédicte. "Accoucher en France : prise en charge de la naissance en population générale". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T085/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe assessed practices during delivery and the postpartum period in France, in a context where evidence based medicine plays a more and more important role in professional practice, where the closure of maternity units leads to a concentration of births in large public and specialized units, and where professionals want to meet the needs of women and some of their requests.We first described how maternity units’ characteristics contribute to explain variations in obstetrical intervention’s rates. We studied postpartum length-of-stay and support for women after discharge from maternity unit, and interventions performed during labor among low-risk women (inductions, cesareans, instrumental deliveries and episiotomy).In a second part we estimated the proportions of potentially avoidable cesarean deliveries and inductions without medical indications; we also investigated which factors were associated with these interventions.Obstetrical practices differed slightly depending on the size or the level of care of maternity units, except potentially avoidable cesareans, which were more frequent in small and low-specialized units, and postpartum length-of-stay, which were shorter in large and type 3 units. On the contrary, the private status of the unit strongly influenced the management of delivery: all studied interventions were more frequent in private units, sometimes in response to maternal requests (inductions without medical indications for example). Women’s medical characteristics had an impact on obstetric intervention rates; the associations were similar to those previously reported in other publications. However social characteristics had little influence on the content of care.The results provide an overall evaluation, useful for assessing perinatal public health policies. They raise questions about maternity unit organization and processes that lead to decisions to perform obstetrical interventions
Langevin, Raphaël. "Modélisation du potentiel de rentabilité pour un distributeur énergétique d'une stratégie de report actif en efficacité énergétique". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28290.
Pełny tekst źródłaEnergy utilities such as Gaz Métro and Hydro-Québec must ensure that the capacity of their network is sufficient to satisfy the needs of its customers. When the distribution networks are used at full capacity and the demand for energy increases, these companies have the choice of investing to increase their capacity or encourage their customers to consume less. Investments can be deferred by offering customers energy efficiency programs that reduce demand. Historically, the two distributors and the Régie de l’énergie who supervised them preferred to increase the capacity of their respective networks in order to secure the supply of their customers, especially because they felt like it was not possible to adequately control energy demand. Moreover, as business incomes increase with demand, these firms have no incentive to attempt to reduce it. In this paper, I propose a method for estimating the profitability of an active deferral strategy for an investment aimed at increasing the capacity of distrubution networks coupled with an incentive mechanism. My method combines the updated assessment of the costs and benefits of the investment with a pattern of consumer behavior.
Lavoie, Linda. "Recherche exploratoire sur les facteurs qui influencent la demande en formation des cadres intermédiaires : étude d'un cas : le Centre hospitalier Hôtel Dieu d'Amos". Thèse, 1994. http://constellation.uqac.ca/1224/1/1513740.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaChevalier, Bonin Jean-Philippe. "L'influence de la culture organisationnelle sur l'épuisement professionnel ; étude comparative entre cols blancs et policiers d'un service de police urbain". Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9835.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is part of a vast study on mental health at work started by the Équipe de Recherche sur le Travail et la Santé Mentale. It more specifically focus on the effect of organizational culture and some work concepts like abusive supervision, decisional latitude, skills utilisation, psychological demands, social support and work schedules on the incidence of burnout including its three specific dimensions. Previous studies were conducted on these factors with the exception of organizational culture. This thesis is based on a previous studies which have developed models to explain the incidence of burnout : the demand-control model proposed by Karasek et al. This study uses data collected in 2008 and 2009 from 384 policemen and white collar workers from the Montreal Police Service. This thesis confirms some frequently observed results like the positive influence of abusive supervision and jobs demands on the incidence of burnout. There is also some variables such as decisional latitude and certain types of organizational cultures which are negatively related to the incidence of burnout.
El-Khatib, Mayar. "Highway Development Decision-Making Under Uncertainty: Analysis, Critique and Advancement". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5741.
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