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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Series:Black Clover"
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Kurkina, Yuliya. "Fungal diseases of perennial legumes herbs in Belgorod". Adaptive Fodder Production 2022, nr 2 (12.09.2022): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2022-2-15-20.
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We analyzed soil samples and symptoms of mycoses of red clover, goat's rue, alfalfa, birds-foot trefoil, sandy sainfoin in the phase of budding-beginning of flowering of plants against a natural infectious background in small-plot experiments in the territory of the botanical garden of the National Research University "BelSU" (Belgorod, RF). As a result, a series of decrease in the number of propagules of soil microscopic fungi (thousand CFU/g) was compiled: alfalfa (27.8 ± 4.01) – birds-foot trefoil (23.5 ± 2.25) – sainfoin (18.3 ± 1.67) – clover (17.3 ± 2.43) – goat's rue (13.7 ± 1.21) – fallow (12.3 ± 1.73). The number of micromycete species in the fallow soil was 38, and 9–22 species decreased in the grass rhizosphere. On red clover plants, powdery mildew was recorded with an intensity of development and spread of 64% and 75%, respectively, with a shortage of green mass productivity of more than 50%. The loss of green mass productivity in clover Alternariosis was 81%. Rust of alfalfa, birds-foot and sainfoin led to losses in the productivity of green mass up to 14% and was noted with a prevalence of 20%. Symptoms of purple rhizoctoniosis, fusarium root rot, black mold, downy mildew, and yellow spot were also recorded. More than 80% of phytopathogenic fungi are representatives of the leaf-stem group, the rest are of the root-tuber group.
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Moiseevskaya, G. V., G. I. Razd'yakonova i A. A. Petin. "The Effect of the Functionalisation of Low-Dispersion Carbon Black of the OMCARB Series by Hydrogen Peroxide on the Properties of Filled Composites". International Polymer Science and Technology 44, nr 11 (listopad 2017): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x1704401104.
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The aim of this work was to produce a new filler for polymers in which a low surface activity is combined with a high degree of structure and functionalisation of the surface, which will bring the processing properties of filled rubber mixes closer to the properties of rubber mixes with channel carbon black. The oxidation of specimens of low-dispersion, highly structured carbon black of grade OMCARB S820 was carried out using aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide of different concentration. Using a combination of methods, including X-ray diffraction analysis (D8 Advance diffractometer; Bruker, Germany) and transmission electron microscopy (JEM 2100 electron microscope; JEOL, Japan), we assessed the physicochemical properties and the form and the number of oxygen-containing groups (carboxyl, phenolic, lactone) on the surface of a particle of oxidised S820 in comparison with carbon black K354 (produced by the Khazar Chemical Plant, Turkmenistan) and semi-active furnace black N550 (produced by Omsktekhuglerod). The rheological characteristics (MDR 3000 vibrorheometer and MV 3000 viscometer; MonTech, Germany) and the physicomechanical characteristics (tensometer; Shimadzu, Japan) of rubber mixes filled with these blacks and of rubber compounds based on natural rubber were determined. The dynamic properties of the rubber compounds and the glass transition temperatures were determined on a DMA 242D instrument (Netzsch, Germany). Comparative data on the temperature dependence of the mechanical loss tangent (tg δ)of the rubber compounds showed that at temperatures of −60 and +60°C the greatest differences are possessed by rubber compounds with K354. At intermediate temperatures, the tg δ values for rubber compounds with the different fillers are similar. The new carbon black was advantageous with respect to the strength properties and dynamic characteristics of the rubber compounds, retaining the unique properties of composites filled with channel black.
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Moingeon, P., A. Nowill, G. Courtois, B. Azzarone, P. Motte, A. Ythier, C. Bohuon i T. Hercend. "A target structure for a series of human cloned natural killer cell lines is recognized by both anti-TNKtar and 4F2 monoclonal antibodies." Journal of Immunology 134, nr 5 (1.05.1985): 2930–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.134.5.2930.
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Abstract It was shown recently that a surface antigen termed TNKtar was likely to serve as a target molecule for three distinct human NK clones expressing the same clonotypic determinant (termed NKTa) present on a 90 KD recognition structure. In the present studies, we investigated whether TNKtar and a previously described antigen termed 4F2 were related. Parallel immunoprecipitations from membrane lysates of the same cells showed that both anti-TNKtar and 4F2 Mab precipitate a heterodimeric structure which resolves as two bands of identical m.w. (40 and 80 KD) in SDS-PAGE analysis under reducing conditions. Sequential immunoprecipitations demonstrated that the two antibodies are directed at the same molecule. However, one antibody did not block subsequent binding of the other, and vice versa, suggesting that anti-TNKtar and 4F2 Mab are directed at two distinct epitopes of the molecule. Functionally, it was found that 4F2 Mab was able, as well as anti-TNKtar, to selectively block cytotoxic function of JT9 cloned cells. Furthermore, as reported previously for anti-TNKtar, 4F2 had no effect when additional NKTa-NK clones were used as effector cells in cytotoxicity assays. Finally, cold target inhibition assays were performed by using cold target cells precoated with either anti-TNKtar or 4F2 Mab. These experiments showed that preincubation of target cells with either antibody blocked their ability to compete with their radiolabeled counterpart. Such results further strengthen the hypothesis that the activation antigen recognized by both anti-TNKtar and 4F2 Mab serves as a specific target structure for NKTa+ NK active clones. We discuss the importance of previous data concerning the 4F2 molecule in light of this functional role, which had not been identified previously.
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Rédei, Károly, Zsolt Keserű, Imre Csiha, János Rásó, Beatrix Bakti i Marianna Takács. "Improvement of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) growing under marginal site conditions in Hungary: case studies". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, nr 74 (30.06.2018): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/74/1677.
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In Hungary, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is considered as an important exotic stand-forming tree species growing mostly under unfavourable ecological conditions for forest management. Due to climate change effects, its importance is increasing in many other countries, too. As a result of a selection programme, new black locust clones were tested in clone trials. Juvenile growth of 12 micropropagated black locust clones in two plots series established at different dates were evaluated in central Hungary under marginal site conditions. At age of 7 the clone R. p. ‘Bácska’ (‘KH 56A2/5’), at age of 10 the clones R.p. ‘Homoki’ (‘MB17D3/4’) and ‘PV201E2/4’ appeared to be especially promising for mass production. Based on the data obtained from the performed trials, it can also be concluded that tissue culture can be considered as a suitable tool for propagating superior individuals and offers new prospects for the rapid cloning of selected genotypes used for plantation forestry.
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ROLDÁN ROMERO, VANESA. "TRANSHUMANISM AND THE ANTHROPOCENE IN BECKY CHAMBERS’ A CLOSED AND COMMON ORBIT". Revista de Estudios Norteamericanos, nr 26 (2022): 77–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ren.2022.i26.04.
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Transhumanism has been rising in both popularity and influence on western societies and philosophical thought. Dreams of mind transfer, immortality, or cloning as well as the fear of sentient and intelligent artificial intelligence (AI) can be traced in some of Netflix’s most popular series such as Altered Carbon (2018), from the novel by Richard K. Morgan, or Orphan Black (2013), to mention just a few. Similarly, transhumanism may be spotted in Becky Chambers’ fiction. The novel analysed in this paper, A Closed and Common Orbit (2016), a sequel in the author’s Wayfarers series, explores the possibility of cloning human bodies, the production of sentient AI, and the subsequent ethical implications of both science fiction tropes. Far from showing transhumanism as a miracle solution to limitations in human bodies and capacity to avoid climate change, the text presents the suspicions and fears transhumanism may raise in the USA. This article provides evidence of how the Anthropocene and transhumanism operate in Becky Chambers’ novel, the ethical effects concerning intrinsic and extrinsic values and their possible subversion through a posthumanist alliance under the Anthropocene.
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Gonçalves, Paulo de Souza, Marcelo de Almeida Silva, Adriano Tosoni da Eira Aguiar, Maria Alice Martins, Erivaldo José Scaloppi Junior i Lígia Regina Lima Gouvêa. "Performance of new Hevea clones from IAC 400 series". Scientia Agricola 64, nr 3 (czerwiec 2007): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162007000300005.
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The Hevea breeding program of Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC) has completed clonal evaluation on the following series: IAC 100, IAC 200 and IAC 300. The performance of 22 clones of Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell.-Arg., evolved at IAC, over a period of eleven years was evaluated in the Western Central part of the São Paulo State, Brazil. Among these 22 new clones, six were intraspecific hybrid clones (IAC 400, IAC 404, IAC 405, IAC 406, IAC 410, IAC 412) and the remaining are primary those resulted from selected ortets within half-sib progenies. An old popular clone RRIM 600, of Malaysian origin, was used as the control. The trial was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. Yield performance over a period of four years, mean girth at the 11th year, girth increment before tapping and on tapping, thermal property of natural rubber produced, bark thickness, number of latex vessel rows in seven year virgin bark, percentage incidence of tapping panel dryness, wind damage and diseases like leaf and panel anthracnose have been observed. Sixty one percent of the clones were superior in relation to the control for yield. The clone IAC 400 recorded the highest yield (97.40 g tree-1 tap-1) over four years of tapping, followed by IAC 411 (78.87 tree-1 tap-1), whereas the control clone RRIM 600 recorded 50.86 g tree-1 tap-1. All selected clones were vigorous in growth. Girth increment of these clones was average to above average. Except for IAC 423, other clones had thick virgin bark at opening ranging from 4.84 mm for IAC 401 to 6.38 mm for IAC 416. The natural rubbers from IAC clones have shown good thermal stability up to 300ºC and no differences in the thermal behavior among rubber from clones of the IAC series and the clone RRIM 600 were found in inert atmosphere.
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Kahn, Brian A., Peter J. Stoffella, Roger F. Sandsted i Richard W. Zobel. "Influence of Flooding on Root Morphological Components of Young Black Beans". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 110, nr 5 (wrzesień 1985): 623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.110.5.623.
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Abstract Three black bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), ‘Midnight’, ‘Black Turtle Soup’, and ‘T-39’, were grown in a sand culture in a series of greenhouse experiments. Seedlings were subjected to various flooding treatments beginning at the time the first true leaves were fully expanded and continuing for up to 14 days. Root systems were partitioned into adventitious, basal, and tap components at harvest. Basal roots accounted for the greatest proportion of the total root biomass in control plants. Adventitious roots became the dominant root component in plants which had been flooded for up to 7 days and then allowed to recover for 7 days. The production of adventitious roots by flooded plants reduced their shoot:root ratios to values closer to those of unflooded control plants. ‘Midnight’ plants usually had larger basal roots and higher total root and shoot weights than plants of the other 2 cultivars. All 3 cultivars, however, were proportionally affected to the same extent by flooding.
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Zaharijas, Gabrijela, Jovana Petrović i Pasquale Serpico. "What can Fermi LAT observation of the Galactic Centre tell us about its active past?" Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S324 (wrzesień 2016): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317001089.
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AbstractThe Fermi-LAT gamma-ray data in the inner Galaxy region show several prominent features possibly related to the past activity of the Milky Way’s super massive black hole. At a large, 50 deg scale, the Fermi LAT revealed symmetric hour glass structures with hard energy spectra extending up to 100 GeV (and dubbed ‘the Fermi bubbles’). More recently and closer to the Galactic centre, at the 10 deg scale, several groups have claimed evidence for excess gamma-ray emission that appears symmetric around the Galactic center and has an energy spectrum peaking at few GeVs. We explore here the possibility that this emission originates in inverse Compton emission from high-energy electrons produced in a short duration, burst-like event injecting 1052 − 1053 erg, roughly 106 yrs ago. Several lines of evidence suggest that a series of ‘burst like’ events happened in the vicinity of our black hole in the past and gamma-ray observations may offer a new view of that scenario.
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Fleming, R. L., i D. S. Mossa. "Direct seeding of black spruce in northwestern Ontario: Seedbed relationships". Forestry Chronicle 70, nr 2 (1.04.1994): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc70151-2.
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A series of spot seeding experiments was set out on coarse-textured upland sites in northwestern Ontario to investigate how black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) seedling establishment and growth could be improved by site selection and seedbed preparation. Virtually all germination occurred within the first growing season. Annual seedling mortality rates were greatest during the first year, then declined steadily and stabilized at low levels (<10%) after the third year. The highest fifth-year establishment ratios (seedlings/viable seed sown) were found on seedbeds derived from materials near the mineral soil/humus interface. On wetter sites (i.e., higher Soil Moisture Regimes) the best seedbeds occurred closer to the soil surface. Mean fifth year establishment ratios for the best seedbeds were 0.032 on moderately fresh to fresh sites, 0.146 on very fresh to moderately moist sites, and 0.082 on moist to very moist sites. On adjacent lowland sites, slow-growing, compact Sphagnum mosses had a mean establishment ratio of 0.179. Mean fifth-year seedling heights on upland sites ranged from 12 to 14 cm, and were not strongly correlated with site or seedbed type. Key words: direct seeding, black spruce, seedbed, seedling establishment, site type and germination
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Pasaribu, Syarifah Aini, Mohammad Basyuni, Edison Purba i Yaya Hasanah. "Physiological characteristics of IRR 400 series rubber clones (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) under drought stress". F1000Research 12 (12.10.2023): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.129421.3.
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Background: Drought stress is one of the main causes of plant death. Strategies for plants survival are morphological adaptations, specific signaling pathways, and tolerance mechanisms. Rubber plantations have many uses, such as foreign exchange sources, job sources, forest revitalization, and a source of alternative wood for building materials and furniture. The rubber plant’s response to drought stress is a complex biological process. A tolerant rubber clone in a dry area is the right approach. The present study aimed to determine the mechanism of drought-tolerant clones, based on physiological characteristics, to obtain character selection and drought-tolerant clones early. Methods: The first factor examined for this work was clones (IRR 425, IRR 428, IRR 429, IRR 434, IRR 440, RRIC 100, and BPM 24) and the second factor was water content (30%, 60%, and 90%). The study was arranged on a factorial randomized block design and repeated three times. Characteristics observed were total sugar (µM), proline (mg/L), chlorophyll a, b, total (µg/mL), hydrogen peroxidase (µmol/g), ascorbate peroxidase (unit/mg), superoxide dismutase (unit/mg), and peroxide dismutase (unit/mg). Results: The tolerance ability of the IRR 400 series rubber clones to drought stress was determined by observing the characteristics of sugar total and proline. The concentration of total sugar and proline were higher when the plant was treated with a lower water content. The selected clones tolerant to drought stress are RR 425 and IR 434 with high total sugar content and proline. Other characteristics, namely chlorophyll a, b, and total, as well as hydrogen peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, super oxide dismutase, peroxide dismutase, cannot be used as selection characteristics for this study. Conclusions: This drought study of IRR 400 clones with varying water content percentages illustrated that the total sugar and proline characteristics could be used to distinguish tolerance levels from other observed characteristics.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Series:Black Clover"
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Adamík, Pavel. "Řízení dynamických systémů v reálném čase". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236759.
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This thesis focuses on the methodology of controlling dynamic systems in real time. It contents a review of the control theory basis and the elementary base of regulators construction. Then the list of matemathic formulaes follows as well as the math basis for the system simulations using a difeerential count and the problem of difeerential equations solving. Furthermore, there is a systematic approach to the design of general regulator enclosed, using modern simulation techniques. After the results confirmation in the Matlab system, the problematics of transport delay & quantization modelling follow.
Książki na temat "Series:Black Clover"
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Katsumi, Sawaya. Black Clover Manga Series Fan's Calendar 2020-2023. Independently Published, 2020.
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Katsumi, Sawaya. Black Clover Manga Series Fan's Sketchbook with Blank Paper for Writing, Drawing, Sketching, Doodling and Coloring. Independently Published, 2020.
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Black Dots Lines Waves Swirls Diagonals Coloring Book: The Ultimate Activity Series Clover Spirograph Designs Adults Books for Men and Women. Independently Published, 2022.
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Heroux, Gaetan, i Bryan D. Palmer. Marching under Flags Black and Red. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038174.003.0002.
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This chapter takes a close look at turn-of-the-twentieth century Toronto, offering an account of mass distress that considers how the poor, waged and unwaged, were subjected to state-based regimes of disciple and how they struggled to fight back. By the time Toronto had embarked on its Age of Industry in the 1870s and 1880s, major enterprises employed almost thirteen thousand workers in a population of roughly eighty-five thousand. Decades of socioeconomic differentiation and dislocation had served as the primitive accumulation that fueled the Queen City's material development. Economic crises, devastating in their human toll, punctuated the 1830s, the 1850s, and the 1870s, and would close the century in the 1890s.
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Glover, Eric M. African American Perspectives in Musical Theatre. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350247741.
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From Pauline Elizabeth Hopkins's 1879 musical Peculiar Sam to Lynn Nottage's 2021 musical MJ, the 'Black musical' does not get the credit it deserves for sustaining the genre we know and love. This introductory book is devoted to representative African-American perspectives in musical theatre from the literature of slavery and freedom, 1746-1865, to the contemporary period, offering the reader case studies of what the 'Black musical' is, how it works, and why it matters. Based on Glover's experience teaching Black musical theatre at a conservatory and in the liberal arts, he draws his close readings of Eubie Blake, Pauline Elizabeth Hopkins, and Charlie Smalls from theory and practice. Moreover, Glover investigates how the ballet, the musical comedy, the opera, the play with music, and the revue are similar and different narrative sub-genres. Finally, the book reflect on issues such as blackface minstrelsy, "the Chitlin Circuit", non-traditional casting, and yellowface. Published in the Topics in Musical Theatre series, this short book gives the reader new ways of seeing the aesthetically and politically capacious category of Black musical theatre from an anti-racist approach.
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Mary Ellen, O’Connell. Part 3 The Post 9/11-Era (2001–), 63 The Crisis in Ukraine—2014. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198784357.003.0063.
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On 28 February 2014, Russian forces moved out of their base on the Black Sea into Crimea, triggering a crisis with Ukraine that quickly spread to Eastern Ukraine. Russia has attempted to justify its actions in Ukraine. On close analysis, no argument is adequate to avoid the charge of aggression, which is any serious violation of United Nations Charter Article 2(4). Article 2(4) is no mere treaty rule. It is jus cogens, a peremptory norm, meaning it is durable, impervious to modification. Facts on the ground in Ukraine may remain unchanged without sufficient international pressure. Regardless, Russia’s presence will remain unlawful.
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Hardwick, Louise. Joseph Zobel: Négritude and the Novel. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781786940735.001.0001.
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Joseph Zobel (1915-2006) is one of the best-known Francophone Caribbean authors, and is internationally recognized for his novel La Rue Cases-Nègres (1950). Yet very little is known about his other novels, and most readings of La Rue Cases-Nègres consider the text in isolation. Through a series of close readings of the author’s six published novels, with supporting references drawn from his published short stories, poetry and diaries, Joseph Zobel: Négritude and the Novel generates new insights into Zobel’s highly original decision to develop Négritude’s project of affirming pride in black identity through the novel and social realism. The study establishes how, influenced by the American Harlem Renaissance movement, Zobel expands the scope of Négritude by introducing new themes and stylistic innovations which herald a new kind of social realist French Caribbean literature. These discoveries in turn challenge and alter the current understanding of Francophone Caribbean literature during the Négritude period, in addition to contributing to changes in the current understanding of Caribbean and American literature more broadly understood.
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Chandler, Nahum Dimitri. "Beyond This Narrow Now". Duke University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478022121.
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In “Beyond This Narrow Now” Nahum Dimitri Chandler shows that the premises of W. E. B. Du Bois's thinking at the turn of the twentieth century stand as fundamental references for the whole itinerary of his thought. Opening with a distinct approach to the legacy of Du Bois, Chandler proceeds through a series of close readings of Du Bois's early essays, previously unpublished or seldom studied, with discrete annotations of The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches of 1903, elucidating and elaborating basic epistemological terms of his thought. With theoretical attention to how the African American stands as an example of possibility for Du Bois and renders problematic traditional ontological thought, Chandler also proposes that Du Bois's most well-known phrase—“the problem of the color line”—sustains more conceptual depth than has yet been understood, with pertinence for our accounts of modern systems of enslavement and imperial colonialism and the incipient moments of modern capitalization. Chandler's work exemplifies a more profound engagement with Du Bois, demonstrating that he must be re-read, appreciated, and studied anew as a philosophical writer and thinker contemporary to our time.
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Felgar, Robert. Student Companion to Richard Wright. Greenwood, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216020394.
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Born in rural Mississippi, the grandson of slaves, Richard Wright overcame every social obstacle, including poverty, racism, and limited education to achieve literary recognition as the creator of some of America's most powerful Black literature. Written with unprecendented candor, Wright's works changed the cultural landscape by challenging old stereotypes and myths about race. Wright scholar Robert Felgar has written a critical volume to help students appreciate the literary significance of such groundbreaking works asNative Sonand the autobiographicalBlack Boy. This study serves students of both literature and social history as it explores the themes of racism and all types of insitutionalized oppression that Wright exposed in his provocative writing. Felgar approaches each of Wright's major works in chronological order, offering insightful literary analysis ofUncle Tom's Children, Native Son, Black Boy,andThe Outsider,as well as Wright's two works published posthumously,Eight Men,a collection of stories, andLawd Today!The original, censored works are discussed and compared with the more recently re-published unexpurgated versions. This Student Companion introduces readers to Richard Wright with a biographical chapter, recounting the writer's struggles and achievements. A literary heritage chapter examines the genres, themes, and stylistic traditions that figured in Wright's work. Each of Wright's major works of fiction is given careful literary interpretation, with analysis of plot, character development, thematic concerns and a close alternate reading. A selective bibliography of critical works and reviews, in addition to the listings of Wright's stories, essays and full-length works will help students derive the most from their study of this important American writer.
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Costigan, Ruth, i Richard Stone. Civil Liberties & Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198744276.001.0001.
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Course-focused and comprehensive, the Textbook on series provide an accessible overview of the key areas on the law curriculum. Textbook on Civil Liberties and Human Rights provides an account of this area of law. This work covers all the main topics in the field of civil liberties and human rights. It provides coverage of crucial areas such as police powers, freedom of expression, terrorism, and public order. A thematic approach helps readers to appreciate the overlap and interconnected nature of the subject, and the close association between the different articles of the European Convention. Topics new to this edition include: Austin v UK on kettling and the deprivation of liberty; von Hannover v Germany (No 2) and Springer v Germany on privacy; Othman (Abu Qatada) v UK on asylum and fair trial rights; O’Donoghue and Others v UK on the right to marry; the Supreme Court’s views in R v Gul on the definition of terrorism; the Court of Appeal’s rulings in Hall v Bull and Black v Wilkinson on discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation where this conflicts with religious beliefs; Att Gen v Davey on contempt and the internet; and the Anti-Social Behaviour and Policing Act, which will replace ASBOs with Injunctions to Prevent Nuisance and Disorder.
Części książek na temat "Series:Black Clover"
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Sapp, Robert. "At the Crossroads of History: The Cohabitation of Past and Present in Kettly Mars’s L’Ange du patriarche". W Chronotropics, 251–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32111-5_14.
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AbstractIn her seminal work Framing Silence: Revolutionary Novels by Haitian Women (1997), Myriam J. A. Chancy posits that Haitian women writers offer a feminized version of Haitian history where fiction serves as a conduit for historical discourse that too often silences women. Similarly, Kettly Mars’s L’ange du patriarche (2018) shifts the emphasis of the Bois-Caïman ceremony from Boukman to the lesser-known woman said to have assisted at the ritual. In the novel, the spirit of Marinette pye chèch, a vengeful lwa believed to have been the woman who slaughtered the black pig at the Bois-Caïman ceremony, haunts the family of the protagonist Emmanuela. Through a close reading of Emmanuela’s reluctant engagement with the spirits that haunt her family, this chapter argues that Mars develops a notion of cohabitation, a willingness to stand at the crossroads of the empirical and the mythical in order to transcend the presumed binaries of past and present. Through Emmanuela, Mars offers a praxis by which one might live with the ghosts of the past, to bring their voices to life, without being dominated by them: a skeptical acceptance of events like the Bois-Caïman ceremony that individuals may simultaneously doubt and accept as truth.
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Cripps, Thomas. "The Making of The Negro Soldier". W Making Movies Black, 102–25. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195037739.003.0004.
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Abstract During the New Deal the Roosevelt administration had been as diffident toward producing its own film propaganda as the Congress had been wary of it, at least until Pare Lorentz’s famous pair, The River and The Plough That Broke the Plains, Paul Strand’s The City, and the Farm Security Administration’s photographers revealed how art and message might be combined without the appearance of shameless tubthumping. At a level closer to bedrock, a nation built upon deeply running feelings of the right of the individual to oppose his rulers, to claim “counter-vailing” powers, the idea of awarding government the right of self-advertisement seemed anathema. Wartime, for a while at least, would perhaps be different, because, as Feibleman’s Theory of Culture had asserted, wars against external enemies induced a “tendency toward similarity” that invited the government to take a bolder hand in defining its war aims as well as its means of prosecuting the war. In other words, the government felt entitled to assert Why We Fight-to borrow the title of its most famous film series. Having shed their coyness toward propaganda, their feeling that only the enemy resorted to it, the government’s film-makers and psychologists rushed to their work with the fervor of converts and with a faith in “social engineering”-the altering of collective belief-that seemed boundless. But what to teach America about racism? Luckily, as one wit said, “Hitler gave racism a bad name”; that is, the nature of the enemy helped modulate a prickly regional issue into a collective, liberalizing mentality.
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Gaines, Alisha. "The Missing Day". W Black for a Day. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469632834.003.0003.
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This chapter considers the iconic, cross-racial impersonator, John Howard Griffin, author of the bestselling Black Like Me (1961). This chapter uses archival research to reveal how Griffin prepared for his temporary (mis)adventures in Southern blackness, first published in a six-part series in the now defunct, black periodical, Sepia. Before those articles, Griffin wrote about his experiment in his personal journals. Close-reading those journals uncovered Griffin’s secret black persona, “Joseph Franklin.” Written in an unpublished Halloween journal entry, known in this book as the “missing day, this chapter centers that entry.” It reads Griffin’s later success in cross-racial empathy through the spectral persona of Joseph, an imagined identity on which Griffin projected anxieties about black masculinity, and his dread about his impending temporary blackness. This chapter details how the haunting absence of Joseph and the missing October 31, 1959, journal entry structure each iteration of Griffin’s empathetic racial impersonation—from his journals and articles for Sepia to the literary and film versions of Black Like Me. By tracing this strategic avoidance, Griffin’s archive uncovers the imagined spectre of black masculinity shaping the most iconic example of empathetic racial impersonation in this genealogy.
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Peterson, Jason A. "Conclusion". W Full Court Press, 195–200. University Press of Mississippi, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496808202.003.0007.
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This chapter serves as a summary of the evidence presented in the previous sections of the book and reiterates the evolutionary change that journalism in the Magnolia State underwent from the 1955 through 1973. Editors and reporters went from attacking the various colleges and universities for their quest for athletic glory and potential violations of the Closed Society to identifying the first black basketball players at these educational stalwarts as equals among their peers. By the time these schools began adding black athletes, the reign of the Closed Society was at a virtual end. The various challenges to the unwritten law and the eventual integration of college basketball in the Magnolia State was evidence of the social and ideological evolution in Mississippi’s press. While the athletic accomplishments of these colleges and universities may not have served as a direct catalyst for change, there was no doubt that the differences of opinions expressed in the pages of Mississippi’s newspapers was evidence of a society in transition from the iron grip of the Closed Society to the eventual acceptance of human and civil rights.
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Blackwood, Sarah. "Head". W The Portrait's Subject, 48–78. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652597.003.0003.
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This chapter explores the cultural significance of portraiture for nineteenth-century Black American writers. It argues that many Black writers engaged with portraiture in their texts to both question and reframe the new connections being made between portraiture and personhood. They championed the power of portraiture to assert and document a sitter’s humanity while also expressing skepticism toward the idea of portraiture as revelatory about the “deep” truths of a sitter’s personhood. Many Black writers toyed with the question of “likeness” in their texts, holding out for what Douglass called “a more perfect likeness.” This chapter makes these arguments through close readings of a series of Douglass speeches about visual culture, Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Hannah Crafts’s The Bondwoman’s Narrative, and Frank J. Webb’s The Garies and their Friends, as well as original archival research on runaway slave advertisements, The North Star, and mid-century newspaper practices.
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Lamm, Kimberly. "Letters from an imaginary enemy, Angela Davis". W Addressing the other woman, 72–100. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526121264.003.0003.
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Chapter 2 analyses Angela Davis’s written reflections on her transformation into the ‘imaginary enemy’ of the US nation-state. A spectacle in the most consequential sense, the iconic images of Davis telegraphed across American visual culture in the early 1970s, many of which highlight her Afro, demonstrate that the black female body is perceived to be a malleable ground upon which fears and fantasies of racial and sexual difference can take visual form. Beginning with the FBI’s ‘Wanted’ poster of her, this chapter tracks the images of Davis that circulated through the American media and came close to inscribing the accusation of her criminality into legal truth and commonly held belief. I argue that Davis’s ordeal demonstrates that visual culture serves as a site where the pathologies of racism and sexism compound each other and force black women into positions of subordination, and that it therefore offers a powerful context for understanding the stakes of Piper’s textual interventions into the iconicity of the black female body. Reading a range of Davis’s writings (her autobiography, her letters to George Jackson, her own defence statement) in relation to Piper’s artwork, this chapter shows that Davis also deployed language to contest the legacies of ‘ungendering’ and undo the visual logics that have determined black women’s visibility..
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Corredera, Vanessa I. "Images of Objectification: Othello as Prop in Kill Shakespeare". W Reanimating Shakespeare's Othello in Post-Racial America, 29–76. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474487290.003.0101.
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Chapter 1 turns to the comic series Kill Shakespeare (2010–14) to demonstrate how modern Othellos still succumb to the most obvious and perhaps long-standing method for shaping antiblack narratives: stereotyping Black masculinity. The chapter reads Othello’s caricatured depiction through comic books’ vexed history of representing Blackness, Patricia Hill Collins’s concept of “controlling images,” and Ebony Elizabeth Thomas’s theorization of “the dark fantastic” to argue that the controlling images in Kill Shakespeare are both metaphoric and literal, working together to depict a minimized, pathologized, and therefore particularly colorblind version of Othello. A combination of textual and visual close reading thus illustrates how flattening Othello through stereotyped representation normalizes his supposed pathologies while ultimately positioning him as a prop for the white protagonists’ self-actualization.
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Engel, Stephen M., i Timothy S. Lyle. "Doing the Most". W Disrupting Dignity, 171–220. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479852031.003.0005.
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Chapter 4 turns to representations that transgress boundaries of normatively appropriate sexuality, identity, and relationships. As the standard bearers of representation have diversified, we see a pivot toward celebrating difference on its own terms without an invocation of dignity that demands sameness. With the increasing inclusion of trans and queers of color in the writing room, a politics and discourse of respectability becomes less relevant and subject to intersectional critique. Our primary illustration comes through a close reading of the FX series Pose. Created by Steven Canals, Ryan Murphy, and Brad Falchuk, the show spotlights the ballroom world to foreground queer history, showcase queer community, and critique institutional authority and systemic violence against Black and Brown queer and trans communities. We focus on this groundbreaking series because it defies industry norms by centering a cast of transgender people of color and by promoting the voices and perspectives of transgender women of color, like Janet Mock, who serve as writers, producers, and directors of particular episodes. Our reading points to practices that might be pursued to expose underlying inequalities and to make clear why dignity conceptualized as respectability is both so troubling and so seductive.
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Fitzgerald, Joseph R. "Back to Work". W The Struggle Is Eternal, 213–24. University Press of Kentucky, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813176499.003.0012.
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The final chapter briefly touches on Richardson’s second divorce but focuses on her difficulties finding and keeping employment. After holding a series of jobs in various corporate and not-for-profit agencies, Richardson eventually earned a permanent civil service position with the City of New York, where she worked until the twenty-first century. In one way or another, all her jobs involved some kind of social justice. Over the last five decades, Richardson has paid close attention to social change movements, including Occupy Wall Street and Black Lives Matter, and this chapter discusses her thoughts about them, particularly her view that young people have the capability and vision to lead the nation to greater freedom, just as young people did in the 1960s. She advises them to replicate the group-centered and member-driven model student activists employed in the early 1960s and to avoid becoming ideological.
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Rochat, Philippe. "No Pure Monsters". W Moral Acrobatics, 31–36. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190057657.003.0006.
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We have to come to terms with the fact that terrorists and serial killers like Ted Bundy and Ariel Castro love their parents and children. They worship their God and, in most instances, show extreme devotion to others that can lead to horrendous self-sacrifices like suicide bombings. As much as they kill, they also reciprocate affections and dedication from family members, neighbors, or close ideological allies. Pure monsters do not exist, and this is difficult, if not impossible, for us to either fathom or digest. In fact, despite our desire to hold the world in black and white, there are no pure monsters.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Series:Black Clover"
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Kannan, Somasundar, Christophe Giraud-Audine i Etienne Patoor. "Control of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Actuator Using Series-Parallel Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC)". W ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1282.
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In this paper, adaptive predictive control is proposed to control a Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) linear displacement actuator. A Black-Box (BB) model based on a Laguerre filter is used to identify the SMA actuator and the controller in closed loop. This identification is performed online using a recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm, thus providing a linear model which approximate the behaviour of whole system around a working point. Based on this model, a predictor is built and a simple control law is derived. This structure can be cast in the Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) frame and understood as a modified Series-Parallel Model Reference Adaptive control (MRAC) scheme. Experimental results prove that the proposed method combined with an efficient online identification strategy is able to robustly handle both nonlinearities and input constraints.
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Kiesner, Matthias, i Rudibert King. "Closed-Loop Active Flow Control of the Wake of a Compressor Blade by Trailing-Edge Blowing". W ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42026.
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This paper presents a closed-loop active flow control strategy to reduce the velocity deficit of the wake of a compressor stator blade. The unsteady stator-rotor interaction, caused by the incoming stator wakes, generates fast changes of the rotor blade loading, affecting the stability and the performance of the overall compressor. Negative effects will be seen likewise when unsteady combustion concepts, such as a pulsed detonation, produce upstream disturbances. Furthermore, the periodic unsteady flow leads to additional undesired effects such as noise and blade vibrations. A controlled reliable manipulation of the stator wake is a way to handle these issues. Therefore, investigations on wake manipulation with trailing-edge blowing were carried out on a new low-speed cascade test rig. Detailed information about the wake profile is obtained by five-hole probe measurements in a plane downstream of the cascade for the natural and the actuated flow at a Reynolds number of 6×105. These measurements show a significant reduction of the wake velocity deficit for the investigated actuator geometry with an injection mass flow of less than 1% of the passage mass flow. Based on these results a position in the wake was chosen which is representative for the actuation impact on the velocity deficit. There, a hot-wire-probe measurement serves as the controlled variable. A family of linear dynamic black-box models was identified from experimental data to account for nonlinear and unmodelled effects. Static nonlinearitiy was compensated for by a Hammerstein model to reduce the model uncertainty and get a higher controller performance. To handle off-design conditions, a robust controller working in a range of Reynolds numbers from 5×105 to 7×105 was synthesized. The task of the controller is to rapidly regulate the controlled variable to a reference velocity by changing the blowing amplitude. The synthesized robust controller was successfully tested in closed-loop experiments with good results in reference tracking for pulse series up to 20 Hz. This translates into a much higher frequency when scaled to the dimension of a real machine.
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Holcomb, Chad M., Raymond A. de Callafon i Robert E. Bitmead. "Closed Loop Nonlinear System Identification Applied to Gas Turbine Analytics". W ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26059.
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Intelligent engine condition monitoring and early fault detection is becoming a necessity for modern gas turbines to achieve availability and reliability requirements. Degradation or failure of critical control components negatively affects reliability and safety as well as the ability to perform condition monitoring of the engine. Model-based approaches for analytics and condition monitoring show great promise with advances in remote connectivity and available computational power. Development of diagnostics for analytics requires focus on the target machine as well as the integrity of measurement and actuation systems to correctly identify and classify degradation indicators that discriminate between actuation and measurement faults from deterioration in machine performance. In this paper, a method is proposed to use data obtained in closed-loop operation to identify system models that separate the dynamic responses and non-linear characteristics for use in analytics. This is demonstrated on high-fidelity simulation data from a Taurus™ 60 gas turbine generator. The system is modeled with a feedback connection of a known controller in series with a block Hammerstein system.
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Schroeder, Kyle A., Mitch Pryor i Troy Harden. "A Black Box Model for Estimating Joint Torque in an Industrial Serial Manipulator". W ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12407.
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Joint torque feedback is useful in serial manipulator control algorithms for contact control, collision detection, performance analysis, etc. For example, the predicted torque can be compared to the measured torque so the system can respond to unexpected or unmodeled physical inputs. The input current to the joint motors can be used to estimate the input torque if the motor parameters are well-understood. However, in a closed commercial system, the motor parameters are often proprietary or unknown. Also, systems that sense or estimate motor torques instead of the joint torques require compensation for gear train losses. In this work, we propose a method for mapping the measured motor current to the joint torque on a serial manipulator without joint torque sensors, thus advancing the potential to implement torque feedback algorithms such as collision detection on any industrial robot with joint position and motor current feedback. This new torque estimating technique (as opposed to using Newton-Euler dynamics) allows for sensing of external forces in collision detection applications for a position controlled robot. The method requires knowledge of the robot link centers of mass, masses, and inertias and that the motor currents and joint positions can be measured. The joint torques due to gravity, inertia, and Coriolis are estimated by the Newton-Euler method using the system geometry, link masses, and the measured joint positions. A method for estimating friction losses using only the current and the predicted joint torque is demonstrated. The measured current, less estimated friction, is then mapped to the joint torque. The validity of the black box joint torque estimating model was demonstrated using two Motoman SIA-5D manipulators with a 3rd party controller provided by Agile Planet. The joints of the robot were moved through a variety of test motions with known joint torque characteristics (as calculated using Newton-Euler dynamics). Estimated joint torques are similar to the calculated torque. Physical significance of the torque is validated by comparing the estimated torque to the calculated torque generated by a known force. The feasibility of the estimated torque error to force detection is discussed in terms of improving the safety and deployment options for industrial robotic systems.
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Dalton, Sean, Henry Koon, Jennifer O’Malley i Julianna Abel. "A Black Box Design Approach to Avian-Inspired SMA Coil Actuated Wearable Morphing Angel Wings". W ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3943.
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Black box design is a constraint driven design approach that distills essential elements of a physical process into inputs and outputs. This paper details the black box design implementation and validation of shape memory alloy (SMA) coil actuators as active members in a Watt I six bar avian-inspired wearable morphing angel wing mechanism. SMA coil actuators leverage the unique characteristics of high energy density SMA wire by providing a compact structural platform for large actuation displacement applications. The moderate force and displacement performance of low spring index coil actuators paired with their virtually silent actuation performance made them an attractive actuator solution to an avian-inspired wearable morphing wing mechanism for the University of Minnesota Department of Theatre Arts and Dance production of ‘Marisol’. The wing design constraints (extended span of 7.5 ft, a closed span of 3 ft) required a tailorable actuator system with capacity to perform at particular target force and strain metrics cyclically. A low spring index parameter study was conducted to facilitate an accelerated phase of design prototyping. The parameter study featured six SMA coil actuator prototypes made with 0.012” diameter Dynalloy Flexinol® wire of varying spring indexes (C = 2.5–4.9). The coil actuators were manufactured through a CNC winding process, shape set in a furnace at 450 °C for 10 minutes, and water quenched for hardening. A series of thermomechanical actuation tests were conducted to experimentally characterize the low spring index actuation performances. The coil actuation characterizations demonstrated increased force and decreased actuator displacement corresponding to decreased spring indexes. Scaling these results aided an accelerated design of an actuator system. The actuator system consisted of four C = 3.05 coil actuators wound with 0.02” diameter SMA that were integrated into each Watt I mechanism. The characterization of the force-displacement profiles for low index SMA coil actuators provides an effective empirical design strategy for scaling actuator performance to mechanical systems requiring moderate force, moderate displacement actuators.
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Jomir, Mihaela, Carmen Mihai, Alexandra Gabriela Ene i Constantin Jomir. "DIGITAL DESIGN OF THE REINFORCEMENT OF THE COMPOSITE MATERIAL NEW OF THE OIL FILM TRAWLING EQUIPMENT LOCATED IN OPEN AQUATIC HABITAT". W 22nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s06.31.
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Water pollution with oil residues is a particularly important and difficult problem to prevent and solve. The ecological consequences of black tides have proven to be particularly serious and even catastrophic for marine ecosystems. In this sense, the limitation and concentration represent the optimal response action to hydrocarbon pollution. The aim of the work was to digitally design a woven textile reinforcement used as a matrix of the composite material from which the freeboard and skirt of the floating surface boom modules are made, which are used dynamically in the open sea for towing the pollutant film. In order to establish the optimal values of the engineering characteristics of the composite material, respectively: strength and elongation at break in the longitudinal and transverse direction, mass, resistance to the thermal regime of water specific to the closed sea, without communication and to the upwelling phenomenon, a specialized software was used. The reinforcement density values were obtained after calculating the stretching force (Laplace's equation) from the composite structure used in dynamic field (impact multiplier 2) and the tensile strength of the material in shock conditions (Brown's formula).
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Лимберис, Н. Ю., i И. И. Марченко. "Attribution and Chronology of Hellenistic Kantharoi from the Maeotian Burials". W Древности Боспора. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2020.978-5-94375-339-8.267-282.
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In the Mаeotian burial grounds on the right bank of the Kuban river, several kantharoi of the Hellenistic series are known. The origin of these kantharoi is related with different production centers. Three forms distinguish among them: rounded-biconical (S-shaped), with an “angular” profile and with a neck sharply separated from the body. The first form includes 3 pieces (nos. 1–3), ornamented in the West Slope style with the so-called “spearhead necklace”. The earliest of them is kantharos no. 1. In terms of proportions, it can be attributed to the second quarter – the middle of the 3rd cent. B. C. This vessel was found in a burial with a Rhodian amphorae, the type of which is difficult to establish at the present time; therefore, the broad chronology of the burial according to the kantharos and black-glazed bowl is limited to the second half of the 3rd – middle of the 2nd cent. B. C. Kantharoi no. 2 and no. 3 are especially close to Pergamon kantharoi with a plain S-shaped profile from Olbia. Kantharos no. 2 comes from a burial with Maeotian gray-clay pottery of the middle – second half of the 3rd cent. B. C. The burial with kantharos no. 3 is dated from the Alexandrian variant (I–F) of the Rhodian amphorae and from other grave goods no later than the beginning of the second half of the 2nd cent. Kantharoi of the second form (nos. 4, 5) are comparable to kantharoi of the angular type. Kantharos no. 4 comes from a destroyed burial. The close analogy to the samples from the excavations of the Athenian agora and the characteristic pattern of ivy leaves suggest an Attic origin of this vessel and date it to the second – third quarters of the 3rd cent. B.C. On kantharos no. 5, the prints of “spearshaped pendants” have been preserved. For the Rhodian amphorae of the late series of the Villanova variant (I–E–2) with the stamp of the eponym Aglumbroth, the chronology of the burial is limited to the first quarter of the II cent. B.C. One vessel no. 6 belongs to the third form. According to its main features, it coincides with type III kantharoi from Olbia, which were previously attributed to local production. The context of the burial suggests that its most probable date is the last quarter of the 3rd cent. B.C. An analysis of the assemblages shows that the kantharoi of the Hellenistic series came to the Maeotians of the right bank of the Kuban from about the middle of the 3rd cent. B.C., at least until the third quarter of the 2nd cent. B.C. The dates of the kantharoi fit well into the chronological context of the grave goods in which they were found.
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Lowrey, Brooks B., Christopher R. Brown, Daniel S. Park i Michael C. Murphy. "Low Cost, Open-Loop Temperature Controller for MEMS and Modular Microfluidics Applications". W ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65543.
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A commercially manufactured thermostat (Model C Thermostat, Portage Electronic Products Inc., North Canton, OH) was employed as a precision MEMS temperature controller for a simulated continuous flow thermal reactor, with three temperature zones to mimic a polymerase chain reaction (CFPCR) device but different temperature set points to allow use of off-the-shelf controllers and thermally-responsive fluids. The ability of the commercial thermostats to maintain the temperatures within given tolerance bands in the thermal reactor was investigated. The factory supplied and calibrated thermostats were actuated by trimetallic strips, and supplied in a normally-closed configuration. Each thermostat was arranged in series with a 28 VDC power supply, a Kapton heater, and an aluminum thermal block to establish a constant temperature boundary condition for each temperature zone. Calibration temperatures for each thermostat reflected the three temperature set points of the simulated PCR device in the testing apparatus. Temperatures were collected by fixing Type K thermocouples in the fluidic channels of the simulated PCR device, and recording the temperature over time. The commercial, off-the-shelf, open-loop controllers successfully maintained ±1°C tolerance bands within each thermal zone. The ±1°C variation in the channel temperature was caused by the chatter due to the switching of the thermostat.
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Sardeshmukh, Avadhut, Sreedhar Reddy, B. P. Gautham, Amol Joshi i Jitesh Panchal. "A Data Science Approach for Analysis of Multi-Pass Wire Drawing". W ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67839.
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The process of reducing the cross-section of a wire by pulling the wire through a series of dies belongs to a special class of manufacturing processes that have a sequential nature. In each pass, the diameter of incoming wire is reduced by a certain factor. Determining number of passes and their configurations required to achieve the desired reduction while optimizing properties such as tensile strength, strain distribution, energy consumption, etc. is an optimization problem. An essential building block of this optimization problem is a model of a drawing pass that can predict the output properties for a given parameter configuration of the pass (forward inference), or its inverse, i.e. predict the configuration parameters required to achieve the desired properties. In this paper, we present a case study on the application of Bayesian networks to address the problem of inference in multi-pass wire drawing. Also we explore the building of a generic model that can be used for any pass and compare its effectiveness with pass-specific models. Our findings so far are as follows: For forward inference, the generic model has prediction accuracy close enough to pass-specific models. Given that it can be used to solve a problem with arbitrary number of passes, this model is clearly more useful. Further, this being a generative model, it can be used for inverse inference as well.
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Min, Zheng, Sarwesh Parbat, Qing-Ming Wang i Minking K. Chyu. "Surface Heater Fabrication Using Micro-Lithography for Transpiration Cooling Heat Transfer Coefficient Measurements". W ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59275.
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Abstract Transpiration cooling is able to provide more uniform coolant coverage than film cooling to effectively protect the component surface from contacting the hot gas. Due to numerous coolant ejection outlets within a small area at the target surface, the experimental thermo-fluid investigation on transpiration cooing becomes a significant challenge. Two classic methods to investigate film cooling, the steady-state foil heater method and the transient thermography technique, both fail for transpiration cooling because the foil heater would block numerous coolant outlets, and the semi-infinite solid conduction model no longer holds for porous plates. In this study, a micro-lithography method to fabricate a silver coil pattern on top of the additively manufactured polymer porous media as the surface heater was proposed. The circuit was deliberately designed to cover the solid surface in a combination of series connection and parallel connection to ensure the power in each unit cell area at the target surface was identical. With uniform heat flux generation, the steady-state tests were conducted to obtain distributions of a pair of parameters, adiabatic cooling effectiveness, and heat transfer coefficient (HTC). The results showed that the adiabatic cooling effectiveness could reach 0.65 with a blowing ratio lower than 0.5. Meanwhile, the heat transfer coefficient ratio (hf/h0) of transpiration cooling was close to 1 with a small blowing ratio at 0.125. A higher HTC ratio was observed for smaller pitch-to-diameter cases due to more turbulence intensity generated at the target surface.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Series:Black Clover"
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Yaron, Zvi, Abigail Elizur, Martin Schreibman i Yonathan Zohar. Advancing Puberty in the Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) and the Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis). United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695841.bard.
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Both the genes and cDNA sequences encoding the b-subunits of black carp LH and FSH were isolated, cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis of the bcFSHb and LHb5'flanking regions revealed that the promoter region of both genes contains canonical TATA sequences, 30 bp and 17 bp upstream of the transcription start site of FSHb and LHb genes, respectively. In addition, they include several sequences of cis-acting motifs, required for inducible and tissue-specific transcriptional regulation: the gonadotropin-specific element (GSE), GnRH responsive element (GRE), half sites of estrogen and androgen response elements, cAMP response element, and AP1. Several methods have been employed by the Israeli team to purify the recombinant b subunits (EtOH precipitation, gel filtration and lentil lectin). While the final objective to produce pure recombinantGtH subunits has not yet been achieved, we have covered much ground towards this goal. The black carp ovary showed a gradual increase in both mass and oocyte diameter. First postvitellogenic oocytes were found in 5 yr old fish. At this age, the testes already contained spermatozoa. The circulating LH levels increased from 0.5 ng/ml in 4 yr old fish to >5ng/ml in 5 yr old fish. In vivo challenge experiments in black carp showed the initial LH response of the pituitary to GnRH in 4 yr old fish. The response was further augmented in 5 yr old fish. The increase in estradiol level in response to gonadotropic stimulation was first noted in 4 yr old fish but this response was much stronger in the following year. In vivo experiments on the FSHb and LHb mRNA levels in response to GnRH were carried out on common carp as a model for synchronom spawning cyprinids. These experiments showed the prevalence of FSHP in maturing fish while LHP mRNA was prevalent in mature fish, especially in females. The gonadal fat-pad was found to originate from the retroperitoneal mesoderm and not from the genital ridge, thus differing from that reported in certain amphibians This tissue possibly serves as the major source of sex steroids in the immature black carp. However, such a function is taken over by the developing gonads in 4 yr old fish. In the striped bass, we described the ontogeny of the neuro-endocrine parameters along the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis during the first four years of life, throughout gonadal development and the onset of puberty. We also described the responsiveness of the reproductive axis to long-term hormonal manipulations at various stages of gonadal development. Most males reached complete sexual maturity during the first year of life. Puberty was initiated during the third year of life in most females, but this first reproductive cycle did not lead to the acquisition of full sexual maturity. This finding indicates that more than one reproductive cycle may be required before adulthood is reached. Out of the three native GnRHs present in striped bass, only sbGnRH and cGnRH II increased concomitantly with the progress of gonadal development and the onset of puberty. This finding, together with data on GtH synthesis and release, suggests that while sbGnRH and cGnRH II may be involved in the regulation of puberty in striped bass, these neuropeptides are not limiting factors to the onset of puberty. Plasma LH levels remained low in all fish, suggesting that LH plays only a minor role in early gonadal development. This hypothesis was further supported by the finding that experimentally elevated plasma LH levels did not result in the induction of complete ovarian and testicular development. The acquisition of complete puberty in 4 yr old females was associated with a rise in the mRNA levels of all GtH subunit genes, including a 218-fold increase in the mRNA levels of bFSH. mRNA levels of the a and PLH subunits increased only 11- and 8-fold, respectively. Although data on plasma FSH levels are unavailable, the dramatic increase in bFSH mRNA suggests a pivotal role for this hormone in regulating the onset and completion of puberty in striped bass. The hormonal regulation of the onset of puberty and of GtH synthesis and release was studied by chronic administration of testosterone (T) and/or an analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (G). Sustained administration of T+G increased the mRNA levels of the PLH subunit to the values characteristic of sexually mature fish, and also increased the plasma levels of LH. However, these changes did not result in the acceleration of sexual maturation. The mRNA levels of the bFSH subunit were slightly stimulated, but remained about 1/10 of the values characteristic of sexually mature fish. It is concluded that the stimulation of FSH gene expression and release does not lead to the acceleration of sexual maturity, and that the failure to sufficiently stimulate the bFSH subunit gene expression may underlie the inability of the treatments to advance sexual maturity. Consequently, FSH is suggested to be the key hormone to the initiation and completion of puberty in striped bass. Future efforts to induce precocious puberty in striped bass should focus on understanding the regulation of FSH synthesis and release and on developing technologies to induce these processes. Definite formulation of hormonal manipulation to advance puberty in the striped bass and the black carp seems to be premature at this stage. However, the project has already yielded a great number of experimental tools of DNA technology, slow-release systems and endocrine information on the process of puberty. These systems and certain protocols have been already utilized successfully to advance maturation in other fish (e.g. grey mullet) and will form a base for further study on fish puberty.
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Aalto, Juha, i Ari Venäläinen, red. Climate change and forest management affect forest fire risk in Fennoscandia. Finnish Meteorological Institute, czerwiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361355.
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Forest and wildland fires are a natural part of ecosystems worldwide, but large fires in particular can cause societal, economic and ecological disruption. Fires are an important source of greenhouse gases and black carbon that can further amplify and accelerate climate change. In recent years, large forest fires in Sweden demonstrate that the issue should also be considered in other parts of Fennoscandia. This final report of the project “Forest fires in Fennoscandia under changing climate and forest cover (IBA ForestFires)” funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, synthesises current knowledge of the occurrence, monitoring, modelling and suppression of forest fires in Fennoscandia. The report also focuses on elaborating the role of forest fires as a source of black carbon (BC) emissions over the Arctic and discussing the importance of international collaboration in tackling forest fires. The report explains the factors regulating fire ignition, spread and intensity in Fennoscandian conditions. It highlights that the climate in Fennoscandia is characterised by large inter-annual variability, which is reflected in forest fire risk. Here, the majority of forest fires are caused by human activities such as careless handling of fire and ignitions related to forest harvesting. In addition to weather and climate, fuel characteristics in forests influence fire ignition, intensity and spread. In the report, long-term fire statistics are presented for Finland, Sweden and the Republic of Karelia. The statistics indicate that the amount of annually burnt forest has decreased in Fennoscandia. However, with the exception of recent large fires in Sweden, during the past 25 years the annually burnt area and number of fires have been fairly stable, which is mainly due to effective fire mitigation. Land surface models were used to investigate how climate change and forest management can influence forest fires in the future. The simulations were conducted using different regional climate models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Simulations, extending to 2100, indicate that forest fire risk is likely to increase over the coming decades. The report also highlights that globally, forest fires are a significant source of BC in the Arctic, having adverse health effects and further amplifying climate warming. However, simulations made using an atmospheric dispersion model indicate that the impact of forest fires in Fennoscandia on the environment and air quality is relatively minor and highly seasonal. Efficient forest fire mitigation requires the development of forest fire detection tools including satellites and drones, high spatial resolution modelling of fire risk and fire spreading that account for detailed terrain and weather information. Moreover, increasing the general preparedness and operational efficiency of firefighting is highly important. Forest fires are a large challenge requiring multidisciplinary research and close cooperation between the various administrative operators, e.g. rescue services, weather services, forest organisations and forest owners is required at both the national and international level.
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Altstein, Miriam, i Ronald J. Nachman. Rational Design of Insect Control Agent Prototypes Based on Pyrokinin/PBAN Neuropeptide Antagonists. United States Department of Agriculture, sierpień 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593398.bard.
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The general objective of this study was to develop rationally designed mimetic antagonists (and agonists) of the PK/PBAN Np class with enhanced bio-stability and bioavailability as prototypes for effective and environmentally friendly pest insect management agents. The PK/PBAN family is a multifunctional group of Nps that mediates key functions in insects (sex pheromone biosynthesis, cuticular melanization, myotropic activity, diapause and pupal development) and is, therefore, of high scientific and applied interest. The objectives of the current study were: (i) to identify an antagonist biophores (ii) to develop an arsenal of amphiphilic topically active PK/PBAN antagonists with an array of different time-release profiles based on the previously developed prototype analog; (iii) to develop rationally designed non-peptide SMLs based on the antagonist biophore determined in (i) and evaluate them in cloned receptor microplate binding assays and by pheromonotropic, melanotropic and pupariation in vivo assays. (iv) to clone PK/PBAN receptors (PK/PBAN-Rs) for further understanding of receptor-ligand interactions; (v) to develop microplate binding assays for screening the above SMLs. In the course of the granting period A series of amphiphilic PK/PBAN analogs based on a linear lead antagonist from the previous BARD grant was synthesized that incorporated a diverse array of hydrophobic groups (HR-Suc-A[dF]PRLa). Others were synthesized via the attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers. A hydrophobic, biostablePK/PBAN/DH analog DH-2Abf-K prevented the onset of the protective state of diapause in H. zea pupae [EC50=7 pmol/larva] following injection into the preceding larval stage. It effectively induces the crop pest to commit a form of ‘ecological suicide’. Evaluation of a set of amphiphilic PK analogs with a diverse array of hydrophobic groups of the formula HR-Suc-FTPRLa led to the identification of analog T-63 (HR=Decyl) that increased the extent of diapause termination by a factor of 70% when applied topically to newly emerged pupae. Another biostablePK analog PK-Oic-1 featured anti-feedant and aphicidal properties that matched the potency of some commercial aphicides. Native PK showed no significant activity. The aphicidal effects were blocked by a new PEGylated PK antagonist analog PK-dF-PEG4, suggesting that the activity is mediated by a PK/PBAN receptor and therefore indicative of a novel and selective mode-of-action. Using a novel transPro mimetic motif (dihydroimidazole; ‘Jones’) developed in previous BARD-sponsored work, the first antagonist for the diapause hormone (DH), DH-Jo, was developed and shown to block over 50% of H. zea pupal diapause termination activity of native DH. This novel antagonist development strategy may be applicable to other invertebrate and vertebrate hormones that feature a transPro in the active core. The research identifies a critical component of the antagonist biophore for this PK/PBAN receptor subtype, i.e. a trans-oriented Pro. Additional work led to the molecular cloning and functional characterization of the DH receptor from H. zea, allowing for the discovery of three other DH antagonist analogs: Drosophila ETH, a β-AA analog, and a dF analog. The receptor experiments identified an agonist (DH-2Abf-dA) with a maximal response greater than native DH. ‘Deconvolution’ of a rationally-designed nonpeptide heterocyclic combinatorial library with a cyclic bis-guanidino (BG) scaffold led to discovery of several members that elicited activity in a pupariation acceleration assay, and one that also showed activity in an H. zea diapause termination assay, eliciting a maximal response of 90%. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a CAP2b antidiuretic receptor from the kissing bug (R. prolixus) as well as the first CAP2b and PK receptors from a tick was also achieved. Notably, the PK/PBAN-like receptor from the cattle fever tick is unique among known PK/PBAN and CAP2b receptors in that it can interact with both ligand types, providing further evidence for an evolutionary relationship between these two NP families. In the course of the granting period we also managed to clone the PK/PBAN-R of H. peltigera, to express it and the S. littoralis-R Sf-9 cells and to evaluate their interaction with a variety of PK/PBAN ligands. In addition, three functional microplate assays in a HTS format have been developed: a cell-membrane competitive ligand binding assay; a Ca flux assay and a whole cell cAMP ELISA. The Ca flux assay has been used for receptor characterization due to its extremely high sensitivity. Computer homology studies were carried out to predict both receptor’s SAR and based on this analysis 8 mutants have been generated. The bioavailability of small linear antagonistic peptides has been evaluated and was found to be highly effective as sex pheromone biosynthesis inhibitors. The activity of 11 new amphiphilic analogs has also been evaluated. Unfortunately, due to a problem with the Heliothis moth colony we were unable to select those with pheromonotropic antagonistic activity and further check their bioavailability. Six peptides exhibited some melanotropic antagonistic activity but due to the low inhibitory effect the peptides were not further tested for bioavailability in S. littoralis larvae. Despite the fact that no new antagonistic peptides were discovered in the course of this granting period the results contribute to a better understanding of the interaction of the PK/PBAN family of Nps with their receptors, provided several HT assays for screening of libraries of various origin for presence of PK/PBAN-Ragonists and antagonists and provided important practical information for the further design of new, peptide-based insecticide prototypes aimed at the disruption of key neuroendocrine physiological functions in pest insects.
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Bar-Joseph, Moshe, William O. Dawson i Munir Mawassi. Role of Defective RNAs in Citrus Tristeza Virus Diseases. United States Department of Agriculture, wrzesień 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575279.bard.
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This program focused on citrus tristeza virus (CTV), the largest and one of the most complex RNA-plant-viruses. The economic importance of this virus to the US and Israeli citrus industries, its uniqueness among RNA viruses and the possibility to tame the virus and eventually turn it into a useful tool for the protection and genetic improvement of citrus trees justify these continued efforts. Although the overall goal of this project was to study the role(s) of CTV associated defective (d)-RNAs in CTV-induced diseases, considerable research efforts had to be devoted to the engineering of the helper virus which provides the machinery to allow dRNA replication. Considerable progress was made through three main lines of complementary studies. For the first time, the generation of an engineered CTV genetic system that is capable of infecting citrus plants with in vitro modified virus was achieved. Considering that this RNA virus consists of a 20 kb genome, much larger than any other previously developed similar genetic system, completing this goal was an extremely difficult task that was accomplished by the effective collaboration and complementarity of both partners. Other full-length genomic CTV isolates were sequenced and populations examined, resulting in a new level of understanding of population complexities and dynamics in the US and Israel. In addition, this project has now considerably advanced our understanding and ability to manipulate dRNAs, a new class of genetic elements of closteroviruses, which were first found in the Israeli VT isolate and later shown to be omnipresent in CTV populations. We have characterized additional natural dRNAs and have shown that production of subgenomic mRNAs can be involved in the generation of dRNAs. We have molecularly cloned natural dRNAs and directly inoculated citrus plants with 35S-cDNA constructs and have shown that specific dRNAs are correlated with specific disease symptoms. Systems to examine dRNA replication in protoplasts were developed and the requirements for dRNA replication were defined. Several artificial dRNAs that replicate efficiently with a helper virus were created from infectious full-genomic cDNAs. Elements that allow the specific replication of dRNAs by heterologous helper viruses also were defined. The T36-derived dRNAs were replicated efficiently by a range of different wild CTV isolates and hybrid dRNAs with heterologous termini are efficiently replicated with T36 as helper. In addition we found: 1) All CTV genes except of the p6 gene product from the conserved signature block of the Closteroviridae are obligate for assembly, infectivity, and serial protoplast passage; 2) The p20 protein is a major component of the amorphous inclusion bodies of infected cells; and 3) Novel 5'-Co-terminal RNAs in CTV infected cells were characterized. These results have considerably advanced our basic understanding of the molecular biology of CTV and CTV-dRNAs and form the platform for the future manipulation of this complicated virus. As a result of these developments, the way is now open to turn constructs of this viral plant pathogen into new tools for protecting citrus against severe CTV terms and development of virus-based expression vectors for other citrus improvement needs. In conclusion, this research program has accomplished two main interconnected missions, the collection of basic information on the molecular and biological characteristics of the virus and its associated dRNAs toward development of management strategies against severe diseases caused by the virus and building of novel research tools to improve citrus varieties. Reaching these goals will allow us to advance this project to a new phase of turning the virus from a pathogen to an ally.
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Drury, J., S. Arias, T. Au-Yeung, D. Barr, L. Bell, T. Butler, H. Carter i in. Public behaviour in response to perceived hostile threats: an evidence base and guide for practitioners and policymakers. University of Sussex, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/vjvt7448.
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Background: Public behaviour and the new hostile threats • Civil contingencies planning and preparedness for hostile threats requires accurate and up to date knowledge about how the public might behave in relation to such incidents. Inaccurate understandings of public behaviour can lead to dangerous and counterproductive practices and policies. • There is consistent evidence across both hostile threats and other kinds of emergencies and disasters that significant numbers of those affected give each other support, cooperate, and otherwise interact socially within the incident itself. • In emergency incidents, competition among those affected occurs in only limited situations, and loss of behavioural control is rare. • Spontaneous cooperation among the public in emergency incidents, based on either social capital or emergent social identity, is a crucial part of civil contingencies planning. • There has been relatively little research on public behaviour in response to the new hostile threats of the past ten years, however. • The programme of work summarized in this briefing document came about in response to a wave of false alarm flight incidents in the 2010s, linked to the new hostile threats (i.e., marauding terrorist attacks). • By using a combination of archive data for incidents in Great Britain 2010-2019, interviews, video data analysis, and controlled experiments using virtual reality technology, we were able to examine experiences, measure behaviour, and test hypotheses about underlying psychological mechanisms in both false alarms and public interventions against a hostile threat. Re-visiting the relationship between false alarms and crowd disasters • The Bethnal Green tube disaster of 1943, in which 173 people died, has historically been used to suggest that (mis)perceived hostile threats can lead to uncontrolled ‘stampedes’. • Re-analysis of witness statements suggests that public fears of Germany bombs were realistic rather than unreasonable, and that flight behaviour was socially structured rather than uncontrolled. • Evidence for a causal link between the flight of the crowd and the fatal crowd collapse is weak at best. • Altogether, the analysis suggests the importance of examining people’s beliefs about context to understand when they might interpret ambiguous signals as a hostile threat, and that. Tthe concepts of norms and relationships offer better ways to explain such incidents than ‘mass panic’. Why false alarms occur • The wider context of terrorist threat provides a framing for the public’s perception of signals as evidence of hostile threats. In particular, the magnitude of recent psychologically relevant terrorist attacks predicts likelihood of false alarm flight incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in those towns and cities that have seen genuine terrorist incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in the types of location where terrorist attacks happen, such as shopping areass, transport hubs, and other crowded places. • The urgent or flight behaviour of other people (including the emergency services) influences public perceptions that there is a hostile threat, particularly in situations of greater ambiguity, and particularly when these other people are ingroup. • High profile tweets suggesting a hostile threat, including from the police, have been associated with the size and scale of false alarm responses. • In most cases, it is a combination of factors – context, others’ behaviour, communications – that leads people to flee. A false alarm tends not to be sudden or impulsive, and often follows an initial phase of discounting threat – as with many genuine emergencies. 2.4 How the public behave in false alarm flight incidents • Even in those false alarm incidents where there is urgent flight, there are also other behaviours than running, including ignoring the ‘threat’, and walking away. • Injuries occur but recorded injuries are relatively uncommon. • Hiding is a common behaviour. In our evidence, this was facilitated by orders from police and offers from people staff in shops and other premises. • Supportive behaviours are common, including informational and emotional support. • Members of the public often cooperate with the emergency services and comply with their orders but also question instructions when the rationale is unclear. • Pushing, trampling and other competitive behaviour can occur,s but only in restricted situations and briefly. • At the Oxford Street Black Friday 2017 false alarm, rather than an overall sense of unity across the crowd, camaraderie existed only in pockets. This was likely due to the lack of a sense of common fate or reference point across the incident; the fragmented experience would have hindered the development of a shared social identity across the crowd. • Large and high profile false alarm incidents may be associated with significant levels of distress and even humiliation among those members of the public affected, both at the time and in the aftermath, as the rest of society reflects and comments on the incident. Public behaviour in response to visible marauding attackers • Spontaneous, coordinated public responses to marauding bladed attacks have been observed on a number of occasions. • Close examination of marauding bladed attacks suggests that members of the public engage in a wide variety of behaviours, not just flight. • Members of the public responding to marauding bladed attacks adopt a variety of complementary roles. These, that may include defending, communicating, first aid, recruiting others, marshalling, negotiating, risk assessment, and evidence gathering. Recommendations for practitioners and policymakers • Embed the psychology of public behaviour in emergencies in your training and guidance. • Continue to inform the public and promote public awareness where there is an increased threat. • Build long-term relations with the public to achieve trust and influence in emergency preparedness. • Use a unifying language and supportive forms of communication to enhance unity both within the crowd and between the crowd and the authorities. • Authorities and responders should take a reflexive approach to their responses to possible hostile threats, by reflecting upon how their actions might be perceived by the public and impact (positively and negatively) upon public behaviour. • To give emotional support, prioritize informative and actionable risk and crisis communication over emotional reassurances. • Provide first aid kits in transport infrastructures to enable some members of the public more effectively to act as zero responders.
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Opportunities and drivers for SME agribusinesses to reduce food loss in Africa and Asia. Commercial Agriculture for Smallholders and Agribusiness (CASA), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240191175.
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Climate change, conflict, and the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath have caused a sharp increase in food insecurity globally. Reducing food loss - a decrease in the quantity and/or quality of food that takes place from production through to processing - in places where food insecurity is most severe has the potential to be a win-win for food security, climate outcomes, and for commercially driven agribusinesses. This report reviews the common drivers of food loss in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, which include inadequate storage, lack of cold chain, and poor post-harvest and distribution practices. It then highlights five technologies or approaches which have the potential to address food loss, and which are appropriate for agricultural small and medium-sized enterprises (agri-SMEs) operating in much of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, which face particular challenges (e.g. an unreliable electrical grid and fragmented value chains). Finally, the report highlights the main barriers to adoption and scale for these technologies and approaches, and identifies opportunities for governments, development partners, investors, and technology manufacturers to improve their uptake among agri-SMEs. The five technologies and approaches covered in this report are as follows: Decentralization of processing using solar dryers: The decentralization of primary food processing, in which some portion of value addition is undertaken close to the farm gate by farmers or SMEs, can have multiple benefits, including reducing food loss, lowering transport costs, and increasing rural incomes. Solar drying technology can enable this model, particularly in areas where there is a tradition of sun drying fruits and vegetables and there is a viable domestic or regional market for these products. Successful models typically involve an agribusiness off-taker who works with farmers and SME producers, providing technology and services (e.g., guaranteed off-take, training etc.) that ensure the production of high-quality produce. Hermetic storage (e.g. bags and cocoons): This maturing technology is increasingly available in local markets and represents a potentially easy-to-implement solution which could help to substantially address food loss during storage - where most loss occurs - for key staple grains. Cost and usage remain challenges for smallholders, with greater potential for small- to medium-scale traders and aggregators in rural areas with limited storage infrastructure. By creating a hypoxic environment around the produce, these solutions can achieve 100% insect mortality and reduce the growth of mould and aflatoxins. Bags are more appropriate for agri-SMEs involved in distribution, whereas cocoons (i.e. storage containers consisting of two plastic halves joined together by an airtight zip) are more useful for those storing large volumes for periods of six months or longer. Off-grid cold storage (e.g. solar-powered cold rooms): Innovative technologies and delivery mechanisms are still being tested in markets in India, Nigeria, and Kenya. Despite the high upfront cost, there are several examples of agri-SMEs and co-operatives achieving payback periods of as little as two years across a range of fruit and vegetable value chains, with returns driven by reductions in food loss and improved pricing due to better quality of the produce. Cooling as a service business models also offer the potential to reach smaller agri-SMEs and micro-entrepreneurs operating in informal rural and peri-urban value chains, but their application is limited to high-value crops that are generally out of the reach of the rural poor. Agri-ecommerce platforms: Agri-ecommerce platforms are a well-developed technology that aims to reduce food loss by improving the availability of information on market demand for farmers. Technology providers can also engage in logistics, warehousing, and quality control, taking collection of the produce from rural-based hubs, combining it at a central packing house, and delivering to urban retailers. Models of this kind have scaled more effectively in South Asia than sub-Saharan Africa, where they are constrained by poor road and logistics infrastructure. Waste-to-value approaches: Waste-to-value or circular economy approaches have the potential to reduce food loss by utilizing bruised or damaged fruits and vegetables which are unable to be sold as intended as inputs into other food products. Although the application of these approaches to the production of products such as condiments and oils is popular, they are unlikely to have a material impact on food security. However, models such as using black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) to produce animal feed (after consuming the food waste) are more promising, with a range of related technologies and business models operating in markets in both Africa and Asia. The main barriers to the success and scaling up of these technologies and approaches include a lack of knowledge and awareness of their commercial benefits, a lack of finance for manufacturers and agri-SME customers, a need for further research and development (R&D) and business model innovation (e.g. to bring down cost), and a lack of supportive policies and regulatory frameworks. Policymakers, development partners, investors, and the private sector can all play important roles in addressing these barriers.