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1
Chillingworth, Naomi Lisa. "Cyclooxygenases and sensory processing". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402352.
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2
Wright, Craig, i n/a. "Sensory Processing in Dyslexic Children". Griffith University. School of Psychology, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20061018.153411.
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This study tested the prediction that a group of dyslexic children (n = 70) would be less sensitive to auditory and visual temporal stimuli than a control group (n = 52). In the auditory domain, detection thresholds for 2 Hz FM, 2 Hz AM and 20 Hz AM were assessed. The modulations in these stimuli are detected on the basis of temporal cues. In contrast, the modulations in the control stimulus 240 Hz FM modulate too rapidly to be detected with temporal cues. The dyslexic group were significantly less sensitive than the control group to the temporal and non-temporal measures at initial testing (Phase 1) and again nine months later (Phase 4). These data demonstrated that the auditory deficit in the dyslexic group was more general in nature than had previously been suggested. In the visual domain, sensitivity to global coherent motion was assessed. The dyslexic group were significantly less sensitive than the control group on this measure at both phases of the study. Despite the overall between group differences, the magnitude of the effects were low to moderate. There was also substantial overlap between the performance of the two groups on the sensory processing measures. A deviance analysis was conducted to determine the proportion of dyslexic individuals who had sensory processing deficits. When data from each phase was examined separately, the incidence of sensory processing deficits in the dyslexic group was comparable to previous studies. However, when the data from both phases was combined, only 5-18% of the dyslexic group had impairments on any of the sensory tasks that were stable across time. Nevertheless, these results do not preclude sensory processing making a contribution to reading difficulties in some children. When the relationship between sensory processing thresholds and reading ability was considered, sensitivity to auditory and visual temporal measures accounted for significant unique variance in phonological processing, orthographic coding and overall reading skill, even after accounting for IQ and vigilance. This study was also tested the prediction that visual attention can explain the link between visual temporal processing and reading. Vidyasagar (1999) proposed that the magnocellular (M) system, which processes temporal stimuli (e.g., motion), is also important for efficient functioning of an attentional spotlight. This spotlight is proposed to arise in parietal cortex (a major endpoint of the M system), and is involved in highlighting areas for detailed visual processing when performing visual tasks, such as visual search or reading. It was predicted that only those dyslexic participants with motion detection impairments would also be impaired on a serial search task that required the attentional spotlight. On average, the dyslexic group had significantly slower serial search than the control group. However, the magnitude of effect was small and a deviance analysis demonstrated that only 8.5% of the dyslexic group had stable impairments relative to the control group. Furthermore, only one of the six dyslexic participants with a visual attention impairment had a co-existing deficit in detecting coherent motion. Thus, visual attention deficits of this type appear to exist independently of coherent motion deficits. This study also provided important evidence on the reliability of measurement for the sensory processing tasks. The data showed that the test-retest reliability of the sensory measures was only moderate over a nine month period. Test-retest for other cognitive measures over the same time frame was high - including that for an orthographic coding task, which had similar procedure and task demands to the sensory measures. The results also demonstrated that a high proportion of participants in both groups performed inconsistently across time (i.e., they had a threshold indicative of a deficit at one phase and performance within normal limits at the other). Up to 32% of the dyslexic group and 19% of the control group had inconsistent performance on the sensory measures across time. The importance of developing more reliable methods of estimating sensory sensitivity is discussed, as is the need for normative data on sensory processing tasks in order to more accurately make decisions about the incidence of sensory deficits. In summary, this study provided evidence for a relationship between sensory processing and reading. However, the current data demonstrated that sensory processing deficits are not characteristic of all dyslexic individuals. Future research should focus on explaining why only a sub-group of dyslexics have sensory deficits, and also why some control participants have deficits.
3
Murdin, L. J. "Audiovestibular sensory processing in migraine". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1331899/.
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Migraine can be conceptualised as a disorder of sensory processing, manifest by such symptoms as headache (pain), phonophobia and photophobia. Current models of migraine pathophysiology incorporate a significant role for the brainstem. Vestibular migraine (VM) is a subtype of the disorder in which significant brainstem dysfunction has been documented. The condition is known to have a significant effect on mental health. This study was designed to investigate disturbances in audiovestibular brainstem function in vestibular migraine in a four part study: 1. Otoacoustic emission suppression by contralateral noise, a test of auditory efferent pathway function, was measured in a group of 33 VM patients and compared with 31 healthy controls. Regression analysis showed a higher rate of abnormality amongst the VM group (p=0.03). 2. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials were recorded in a group of 30 VM patients and compared with 35 healthy controls. Recordings showed a higher rate of abnormal responses in the VM group than amongst controls (p=0.008). 3. The potential for vestibular stimuli to act as migraine triggers was investigated by observing the effect of vestibular testing or a control condition on 148 individuals. Vestibular stimulation was associated with a significant increase in the probability of developing a migraine attack over the following 24 hour period (p=0.01). 4. Psychological symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed using questionnaires 39 patients with VM and compared with a control group of 44 patients with dizziness of other causes. Although the VM group had a significantly higher load of symptoms of depression and anxiety, regression modelling showed that this effect was largely accounted for by an excess of dizziness symptoms. In conclusion, this study documents a number of audiovestibular sensory processing abnormalities using a variety of techniques. Vestibular migraine has a significant effect on psychological wellbeing, largely via the associated balance symptoms.
4
Wright, Craig. "Sensory Processing in Dyslexic Children". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366474.
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This study tested the prediction that a group of dyslexic children (n = 70) would be less sensitive to auditory and visual temporal stimuli than a control group (n = 52). In the auditory domain, detection thresholds for 2 Hz FM, 2 Hz AM and 20 Hz AM were assessed. The modulations in these stimuli are detected on the basis of temporal cues. In contrast, the modulations in the control stimulus 240 Hz FM modulate too rapidly to be detected with temporal cues. The dyslexic group were significantly less sensitive than the control group to the temporal and non-temporal measures at initial testing (Phase 1) and again nine months later (Phase 4). These data demonstrated that the auditory deficit in the dyslexic group was more general in nature than had previously been suggested. In the visual domain, sensitivity to global coherent motion was assessed. The dyslexic group were significantly less sensitive than the control group on this measure at both phases of the study. Despite the overall between group differences, the magnitude of the effects were low to moderate. There was also substantial overlap between the performance of the two groups on the sensory processing measures. A deviance analysis was conducted to determine the proportion of dyslexic individuals who had sensory processing deficits. When data from each phase was examined separately, the incidence of sensory processing deficits in the dyslexic group was comparable to previous studies. However, when the data from both phases was combined, only 5-18% of the dyslexic group had impairments on any of the sensory tasks that were stable across time. Nevertheless, these results do not preclude sensory processing making a contribution to reading difficulties in some children. When the relationship between sensory processing thresholds and reading ability was considered, sensitivity to auditory and visual temporal measures accounted for significant unique variance in phonological processing, orthographic coding and overall reading skill, even after accounting for IQ and vigilance. This study was also tested the prediction that visual attention can explain the link between visual temporal processing and reading. Vidyasagar (1999) proposed that the magnocellular (M) system, which processes temporal stimuli (e.g., motion), is also important for efficient functioning of an attentional spotlight. This spotlight is proposed to arise in parietal cortex (a major endpoint of the M system), and is involved in highlighting areas for detailed visual processing when performing visual tasks, such as visual search or reading. It was predicted that only those dyslexic participants with motion detection impairments would also be impaired on a serial search task that required the attentional spotlight. On average, the dyslexic group had significantly slower serial search than the control group. However, the magnitude of effect was small and a deviance analysis demonstrated that only 8.5% of the dyslexic group had stable impairments relative to the control group. Furthermore, only one of the six dyslexic participants with a visual attention impairment had a co-existing deficit in detecting coherent motion. Thus, visual attention deficits of this type appear to exist independently of coherent motion deficits. This study also provided important evidence on the reliability of measurement for the sensory processing tasks. The data showed that the test-retest reliability of the sensory measures was only moderate over a nine month period. Test-retest for other cognitive measures over the same time frame was high - including that for an orthographic coding task, which had similar procedure and task demands to the sensory measures. The results also demonstrated that a high proportion of participants in both groups performed inconsistently across time (i.e., they had a threshold indicative of a deficit at one phase and performance within normal limits at the other). Up to 32% of the dyslexic group and 19% of the control group had inconsistent performance on the sensory measures across time. The importance of developing more reliable methods of estimating sensory sensitivity is discussed, as is the need for normative data on sensory processing tasks in order to more accurately make decisions about the incidence of sensory deficits. In summary, this study provided evidence for a relationship between sensory processing and reading. However, the current data demonstrated that sensory processing deficits are not characteristic of all dyslexic individuals. Future research should focus on explaining why only a sub-group of dyslexics have sensory deficits, and also why some control participants have deficits.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Psychology
Full Text
5
Ferré, Hernandez Isabelle. "Sensory Processing Sensitivity : En valideringsstudie". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169862.
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Sensory processing sensitivity is believed to be a personality trait in up to 20% of individuals, including other species than humans. The trait is associated with higher levels of unpleasant arousal, a higher sensitivity to sensory input, empathy and a deeper level of informational processing in the brain. Sensory processing sensitivity is measured using the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS), which has been evaluated in several languages. Aron & Aron (1997) who first created the scale found that it was unidimensional, however further research suggests that it consists rather of two or three dimensions. In this study (N= 1024) a Swedish version of the HSPS is evaluated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and results support earlier findings of the scale being multidimensional. Regressions between the dimensions of SPS and outcome variables Managerial Support, Creativity and Percieved Stress show that one of SPS dimensions is a strong predictor for percieved stress, and another dimension is a strong predictor for creativity.
6
Clapp, S. A. "Attention and sensory processing for balance". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597695.
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This thesis investigates the role of attention in sensory processing for the maintenance of balance. A review of relevant literature suggests that a method for quantifying the efficiency of sensory processing for balance performance that can result from concurrent attentional demands, the conventional centre-of-pressure (CoP) measures. An approach originally used by Jeka and Lackner (1994) to investigate processing of somatosensory input for balance is adopted. The application of this new method to the investigation of information processing used to examine the temporal relationship between tactile sensory input (shear forces detected at the fingertip) and subsequent corrective postural responses. An initial investigation extended the findings of Jeka and Lackner to normal stance (their cross-correlation findings had been restricted to unstable stance). Results from a further study showed that measures obtained using this procedure were affected by concurrent performance of a cognitive task. In a study involving a prosthetic-limb user, cross-correlation measures indicated that sensory information for balance could be mediated via the artificial limb. A detailed single case study is provided in the fourth experimental chapter, involving a patient whose balance deteriorates under cognitive load. A dual-task paradigm was employed to explore the source of the interference. Cross-correlation methods provided evidence of slowed sensory-motor processing.
7
Ray, Nicola. "Visual sensory processing skills in dyslexia". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531804.
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Dotson, Deborah, Michelle Johnson i Christy Isbell. "Treating Children With Sensory Processing Disorders". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8281.
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Muro, Catherine Ann. "Sensory Processing Disorders and ADHD Subtypes". Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/138931.
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Occupational TherapyM.S.
The purpose of the study was to explore sensory processing patterns with children ages 5 to 12 years who are diagnosed with two subtypes of ADHD, inattention and hyperactive- impulsive and with children who do not have ADHD. The study delineated children with ADHD from a control group of children without ADHD and how sensory processing issues affect the population with ADHD. The participants were parents or caregivers of children aged 5 to 12 years diagnosed with ADHD and parents or caregivers of children aged 5 to 12 years without a diagnosis of ADHD. The participants totaled 45 with 26 participants in the ADHD group and 19 participants in the non ADHD group. Parents or caregivers completed the SSP Caregiver Questionnaire, the Sensory Processing Measure [SPM], and the Connors Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Short Form. The independent t-test was the statistical procedure used to determine whether the means of the ADHD and non-ADHD groups were statistically different from each other. A Pearson correlation was calculated to measure the degree of association between the children with ADHD and non-ADHD with the types of sensory processing patterns. Finding suggested that children who score high on these ADHD scales have more sensory processing difficulties. Children with hyperactivity ADHD scored a significantly higher mean then children with inattention on an auditory subtest and on a under responsive subtest. Children with inattentive ADHD scored a significantly higher mean than children with hyperactivity on a touch subtest.
Temple University--Theses
10
Walmsley, Lauren. "Sensory processing in the mouse circadian system". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/sensory-processing-in-the-mouse-circadian-system(bd32ea60-48a8-46d4-b5db-dd83d0326d87).html.
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In order to anticipate the predictable changes in the environment associated with the earth’s rotation, most organisms possess intrinsic biological clocks. To be useful, such clocks require a reliable signal of ‘time’ from the external world. In mammals, light provides the principle source of such information; conveyed to the suprachiasmatic nucleus circadian pacemaker (SCN) either directly from the retina or indirectly via other visual structures such as the thalamic intergeniculate leaflet (IGL). Nonetheless, while the basic pathways supplying sensory information to the clock are well understood, the sensory signals they convey or how these are processed within the circadian system are not. One established view is that circadian entrainment relies on measuring the total amount of environmental illumination. In line with that view, the dense bilateral retinal input to the SCN allows for the possibility that individual neurons could average signals from across the whole visual scene. Here I test this possibility by examining responses to monocular and binocular visual stimuli in the SCN of anaesthetised mice. In fact, these experiments reveal that SCN cells provide information about (at most) irradiance within just one visual hemisphere. As a result, overall light-evoked activity across the SCN is substantially greater when light is distributed evenly across the visual scene when the same amount of light is non-uniformly distributed. Surprisingly then, acute electrophysiological responses of the SCN population do not reflect the total amount of environmental illumination. Another untested suggestion has been that the circadian system might use changes in the spectral composition of light to estimate time of day. Hence, during ‘twilight’, there is a relative enrichment of shortwavelength light, which is detectable as a change in colour to the dichromatic visual system of most mammals. Here I used a ‘silent substitution’ approach to selectively manipulate mouse cone photoreception, revealing a subset of SCN neurons that exhibit spectrally-opponent (blue-yellow) visual responses and are capable of reliably tracking sun position across the day-night transition. I then confirm the importance of this colour discrimination mechanism for circadian entrainment by demonstrating a reliable change in mouse body temperature rhythms when exposed to simulated natural photoperiods with and without simultaneous changes in colour. This identification of chromatic influences on circadian entrainment then raises important new questions such as which SCN cell types process colour signals and do these properties originate in the retina or arise via input from other visual regions? Advances in mouse genetics now offer powerful ways to address these questions. Our original method for studying colour discrimination required transgenic mice with red-shifted cone sensitivity – presenting a barrier to applying this approach alongside other genetic tools. To circumvent this issue I validated a modified approach for manipulating wildtype cone photoreception. Using this approach alongside optogenetic cell-identification I then demonstrate that the thalamic inputs to the SCN are unlikely to provide a major source of chromatic information. To further probe IGL-contributions to SCN visual responses, I next used electrical microstimulation to show that the thalamus provides inhibitory input to both colour and brightness sensitive SCN cells. Using local pharmacological inhibition I then show that thalamic inputs supress specific features of the SCN light response originating with the contralateral retina, including colour discrimination. These data thus provide new insight into the ways that arousal signals reaching the visual thalamus could modulate sensory processing in the SCN. Together then, the work described in this thesis provides important new insight into sensory control of the circadian system and the underlying neural mechanisms.
11
Critchley, H. D. "Sensory processing in the primate orbitofrontal cortex". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308810.
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Tomchek, Scott David. "CHARACTERIZING SENSORY PROCESSING IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS". UKnowledge, 2005. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/455.
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Rationale: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with onset prior to the age of three years characterized by qualitative impairments in social interaction and communication skill, along with a restricted repetitive and stereotyped pattern of behavior, interests, and activities. In addition to these core diagnostic features, aberrant sensory responding has also been widely reported in the literature describing children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Aberrant sensory processing has, however, been infrequently studied compared to communication and cognition in autism and existing studies have had multiple methodological deficiencies, especially with sampling procedures. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to describe patterns of sensory processing found in children with an ASD to test the relationship(s) of these patterns to diagnostic and developmental variables. Method. Retrospective data collection was used to collect developmental and sensory processing variables of 400 children with an ASD. Sensory processing abilities were measured by the SSP. Results. The majority of the sample (80.5%) had a diagnosis of autism. The average age of the sample was 49.58 months. The adaptive, social, language, and motor developmental variables were consistent with diagnostic patterns in that the children with Asperger Disorder demonstrated higher developmental levels than the children with autism and PDD-NOS. Eighty-nine percent of the sample demonstrated some degree of sensory processing dysfunction on the SSP Total Score with the greatest difficulties reported on the Underresponsive/Seeks Sensation, Auditory Filtering, and Tactile Sensitivity sections. Exploratory factor analysis identified 6 parsimonious factors: Low Energy/Weak, Tactile and Movement Sensitivity, Taste/Smell Sensitivity, Auditory and Visual Sensitivity, Sensory Seeking/Distractibility, and Hypo-responsivity. These factor variables contributed to explaining the differences in five of six developmental variables of the sample that are associated with the diagnosis of autism. Receptive language, adaptive and expressive language performance were significantly correlated with sensory processing factor scores. Conclusions. Together, the sensory processing findings noted in this study describe a pattern of dysfunctional sensory modulation. These findings have significant implications for intervention programs involving individuals with an ASD, given the potential impact of these findings on a childs ability to maintain active engagement.
13
Dotson, Deborah, Michelle Johnson i Christy Isbell. "Caring for Children With Sensory Processing Disorders". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8282.
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Borhani, Khatereh <1985>. "Sensory and somatosensory underpinnings of emotion processing". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7592/1/Borhani_Khatereh_tesi.pdf.
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Alexithymia is characterized by difficulties in recognizing one’s own emotions and others’
emotions, specially fear. Recognizing emotions is associated with remarkable changes in
somatosensory and sensory (particularly visual) processing. For instance theories about
emotion processing suggest a strong association between emotion processing and somatic
markers. The aim of the present thesis is to assess whether the difficulties in emotion
processing shown by alexitimic subjects can affect somatosensory and sensory (especially
visual) processing. To this end different somatosensory modalities (e.g. temperature, pain,
tactile, touch, etc) and visual stimuli (e.g. face and body expressions) were used to compare the
somatosensory and sensory processing in people with high and low scores of alexithymia.
These experiments provided evidence that emotional processing deficit seems to be related to
the alterations in somatosensory processing (Experiments 1, and 2), in visual processing, early
visual encoding (Experiments 3, 4, and 6), and in physiological reactivity, particularly visceral
reactivity (Experiment 5), which prevents these individuals to correctly perceive emotions.
Together, these studies suggest that the emotional difficulties in alexithymia might be grounded
in the specific low-level somatosensory system. Moreover, the lack of emotional modulation at
the early stage of visual processing indicates that the rapid modulation of the amygdala over the
visual cortices may be reduced, thus suggesting a hyporeactivity of the amygdala in individual
with high levels of alexithymia.
15
VARANI, STEFANO. "Sensory information processing in mouse barrel cortex". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/939805.
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Sugathevan, Suranthiran. "Nonlinear and distributed sensory estimation". Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2246.
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Methods to improve performance of sensors with regard to sensor nonlinearity, sensor noise and sensor bandwidths are investigated and new algorithms are developed. The necessity of the proposed research has evolved from the ever-increasing need for greater precision and improved reliability in sensor measurements. After describing the current state of the art of sensor related issues like nonlinearity and bandwidth, research goals are set to create a new trend on the usage of sensors. We begin the investigation with a detailed distortion analysis of nonlinear sensors. A need for efficient distortion compensation procedures is further justified by showing how a slight deviation from the linearity assumption leads to a very severe distortion in time and in frequency domains. It is argued that with a suitable distortion compensation technique the danger of having an infinite bandwidth nonlinear sensory operation, which is dictated by nonlinear distortion, can be avoided. Several distortion compensation techniques are developed and their performance is validated by simulation and experimental results. Like any other model-based technique, modeling errors or model uncertainty affects performance of the proposed scheme, this leads to the innovation of robust signal reconstruction. A treatment for this problem is given and a novel technique, which uses a nominal model instead of an accurate model and produces the results that are robust to model uncertainty, is developed. The means to attain a high operating bandwidth are developed by utilizing several low bandwidth pass-band sensors. It is pointed out that instead of using a single sensor to measure a high bandwidth signal, there are many advantages of using an array of several pass-band sensors. Having shown that employment of sensor arrays is an economic incentive and practical, several multi-sensor fusion schemes are developed to facilitate their implementation. Another aspect of this dissertation is to develop means to deal with outliers in sensor measurements. As fault sensor data detection is an essential element of multi-sensor network implementation, which is used to improve system reliability and robustness, several sensor scheduling configurations are derived to identify and to remove outliers.
17
Kargas, Nikolaos. "Auditory processing and autistic symptomatology". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2014. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/auditory-processing-and-autistic-symptomatology(15b5d88d-c17c-416c-b898-0bd02fb1b8a2).html.
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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are defined in terms of qualitative atypicalities in social communication and interaction in the presence of restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests and activities (RRBs). Part of the main criteria for RRBs is hyper/hypo reactivity to sensory input, which appear to be particularly prevalent in the auditory domain and could result in atypical behaviours (APA, 2013). Despite the crucial role that sensory processing plays in learning, attention, cognitive and brain maturation, emotional regulation, and social communication development in humans (e.g., Ahn et al., 2004; Bundy et al., 2007), it remains unclear what precisely causes the sensory atypicalities observed in ASD or how they are associated with the development of key autistic symptomatology such as impairments in social communication (e.g., Jones et al., 2009; Leekam Prior & Uljarević, 2011). Thus, the main aim of the present thesis is to explore the nature of the auditory sensory issues and their relationship with core symptoms (i.e., RRBs and communicative ability) in ASD and the broader autism phenotype (BAP). In addition, the associations among speech perception and production, and communication were investigated. Four studies were conducted using adult samples with and without ASD. Chapter 2 reports findings indicating that the perception of intensity and frequency auditory parameters influence the severity of RRBs and that primary auditory discrimination abilities are characterised by high variability in ASD. Chapters 3 & 4 present evidence showing that the relationship between auditory intensity perception and sensation avoiding behaviours contribute to the communicative difficulties observed in adults with ASD or high levels of autistic traits. Chapter 5 provides a direct demonstration of deficits on primary syllable stress perception in ASD and its role on the speech production abnormalities and socio-communicative atypicalities in ASD. Taken together, the outcome of these investigations highlights the importance of considering the development of core autistic symptoms as an interactional multi-developmental process, which extends into the general population.
18
Styles, Benjamin John. "Learning and sensory processing in a simple brain". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404208.
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The aim of this project was to locate and characterise sites of plasticity involved in long-term memory in a model invertebrate system, the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Plastic changes are likely to involve integrating neurons in the sensory pathways that process the conditioned and reward stimuli used in chemical appetitive conditioning. The cerebral ganglia of the Lymnaea brain are a likely location for sensory integration making them a primary target for this investigation. A chemosensory nerve innervating the cerebral ganglia was dye-filled together with a nerve linking the cerebral ganglia to the feeding network. These experiments revealed specific sites of potential synaptic contact between the two nerves and subsequently, six new cerebral-buccal interneurons were identified and characterised electrophysiologically. Defining nitric oxide synthase distribution in peripheral and central neurons provided another route to finding sites of plasticity since nitric oxide is required for longterm memory formation in Lymnaea. Electrophysiological correlates of behavioural learning were found in the feeding motoneurons and the connective containing the cerebral-buccal interneurons. Variations in conditioned stimulus concentration and sites of its perfusion were discovered to be of crucial importance for the observation of these learning correlates. Determining the role of the CA1, CT2 and CV1 a interneurons in conditioned responses was a central aim. Evidence for their possible role in learning included: their response to the conditioning and reward stimuli in naive, conditioned and control animals; their role as modulatory interneurons of the feeding network and their anatomical and electrophysiological connectivity to primary sensory neurons and interneurons of the feeding network. A change in the response of the CA1 cell to the reward stimulus after conditioning was thought to arise due to pre-exposure to the conditioned stimulus. No individual neuronal change was found that could account for conditioned feeding responses in the whole network
19
Bee, Lucy Ann. "Brainstem control of spinal sensory processing in the rat". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444107/.
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Brainstem structures engage descending facilitatory and inhibitory neurones to potentiate or suppress the onward passage of sensory inputs from spinal loci to the brain. The final output for this bidirectional control is the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), which shapes sensory processing via relays between the spinal cord and brain, ultimately influencing pain perception via On and Off cells. I aimed to determine the predominant nature of this supraspinal control in the normal anaesthetised state and to see how descending influences may change with pathophysiology. By injecting a local anaesthetic into the RVM of normal rats and measuring the evoked responses of dorsal horn neurones to various stimuli, I demonstrated a dominant facilitation of spinal neuronal responses to high-threshold stimuli. Following nerve injury, reductions in spinal cord activity induced by intra-RVM lignocaine further encompassed responses to low-threshold stimuli, and the proportion of neurones influenced in this manner increased. The increase in descending facilitatory influences in the neuropathic state is suggestive of nerve injury induced plasticity. I additionally employed targeted ablation techniques using the neurotoxin saporin to show that mu-opioid receptor expressing cells in the RVM underlie spinal facilitation. This pathway involves spinal 5HT3 receptors, since typical responses to spinal ondansetron, a 5HT3 receptor antagonist, require the integrity of RVM MOR cells. Importantly, I showed that these neurones are critical for maintaining behavioural hypersensitivities following nerve injury, and are necessary for the full inhibitory efficacy of spinal pregabalin in the neuropathic state. These results define a pathway that could be pivotal for linking the sensory and affective components of pain. Understanding this connection, and how one component influences the other, may help explain the variable valence of suffering that is experienced by patients in response to the same nervous system injuries, and explain differences in treatment outcomes in an otherwise consistent population.
20
Garraway, Sandra Mary. "Monoamines and the modulatory control of spinal sensory processing". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0011/NQ53057.pdf.
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Sadeh, Sadra [Verfasser], i Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Rotter. "Sensory processing in neocortical networks: randomness, specificity and learning". Freiburg : Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1122593163/34.
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Wolverton, Jennifer. "Sensory Processing and Temperament in Preschoolers with Behavior Problems". The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1421163231.
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Friedel, Paul. "Sensory information processing : detection, feature extraction, & multimodal integration". kostenfrei, 2008. http://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/doc/651333/651333.pdf.
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Scotch, Melissa. "The Experience of Children Living with Sensory Processing Disorder". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4328.
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Sensory processing disorder (SPD) is a neurological condition that alters the way an individual perceives sensory information. Although the condition has been studied for more than 40 years, SPD remains a difficult condition to diagnose, treat, and live with because it affects individuals uniquely, and the symptoms can change from childhood to adulthood. For children diagnosed with SPD, the misinterpretation of sensory cues can cause difficulties in family, social, and academic settings. While there is some research on the assessment and treatment of SPD, what is missing is a deeper understanding of the family, social and academic challenges these children and their families face. The purpose of this case study was to examine the experiences of children diagnosed with SPD, as told by 4 parents and their occupational therapist in semi-structured interviews. Four themes emerged from the analysis: family dynamics (challenges within the family structure), support impact (seeking and having support), emotion and balance (overcoming the struggles related to the emotional demand), and an SPD child (the search for balance for the child and the family). The results may serve as a catalyst to encourage positive social change for the children with SPD and their families by expanding the available knowledge on the challenges of SPD.
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Eccles, John. "Stochastic relaxation labelling of visual features in a multi-sensor sensory system for robotic assembly". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1370.
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Machingura, Tawanda. "The Effectiveness of Sensory Modulation in Adults with Schizophrenia". Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/410477.
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Despite advances in the medical management of schizophrenia with new generation antipsychotics, the overall quality of life and the number of years lived with disability for people with this condition has remained suboptimal. Non-pharmacological interventions that lead to improvements in psychosocial and occupational functioning of individuals with schizophrenia are therefore much needed. Previous research has linked sensory processing impairments in people with schizophrenia with a reduction in quality of life, and social and occupational functioning. Currently, sensory modulation is perceived by clinicians as a promising intervention to address this problem, but research evidence is lagging behind clinical practice. The aim of this PhD project was to investigate the effectiveness of sensory interventions for people with schizophrenia. The overarching research question for this project was: What is the effect of sensory modulation interventions on health, social and occupational functioning when used for people with schizophrenia? More specifically the researcher sought to answer the question: Are sensory interventions effective in reducing distress/regulating arousal/ and improving function for people with schizophrenia? The hypothesis was that sensory interventions are effective for people with schizophrenia based on practice-based evidence. The research project was made up of four studies. The first study aimed to evaluate published research evidence relating to the effectiveness of sensory modulation (SM) in adults with schizophrenia and to identify any gaps in knowledge to guide further research This study was conducted in 2017 and findings were that there was a paucity of studies and those available had several methodological limitations. The review of 17 papers meeting the inclusion criteria concluded that practitioners were already using this intervention in practice and were reporting positive outcomes using low quality descriptive studies. There was a clear need for further research that has higher methodological rigor. The second study aimed to ascertain local normative data on sensory processing in adults and investigate socio-demographic factors that might influence sensory processing. In Study 2, members of the general population without schizophrenia completed measures including sensory processing (n = 71). Results indicated that mean scores were similar to most people as measured by the Adult / Adolescent Sensory Profile and comparable to established norms. The third study aimed to examine the effectiveness of sensory interventions in people with schizophrenia using quantitative methods and this was Study 3 of this research project. The objectives of Study 3 were two-fold: the first being to establish a sensory processing pattern profile for people with schizophrenia and the second being to measure the efficacy of sensory modulation interventions for people with schizophrenia. This study established that people with schizophrenia (n = 41) had different sensory processing profiles on average, compared to individuals in the general population. It also established that patients receiving sensory modulation improved on some measures, but to no greater extent than patients who received treatment as usual. The fourth study aimed to explore experiences, provide explanations, and develop new ideas from the lived experience of those using SM. Study 4 used a qualitative study design. using semi-structured interviews with users of sensory modulation who were occupational therapists working in mental health (n = 11) and patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (n = 13). Five themes were identified: Service user education on the sensory approach is the key; A variety of tools should be tried; Sensory modulation provides a valued treatment option; There are challenges of managing perceived risk at an organisational level; and There is a shortage of accessible and effective training. These findings suggest that sensory modulation can be a beneficial addition to treatment options for people with schizophrenia. This multisite research project used a mixed methods research design to investigate the effectiveness of sensory modulation interventions when used with people with schizophrenia. The project design incorporated a systematic literature review followed by a convergent parallel mixed methods design (qualitative and quantitative) for later stages of the research project.Overall, the findings of this research project have enhanced current understanding of sensory processing and sensory modulation intervention effectiveness when used for people with schizophrenia. The mixed method approach provided new evidence regarding the use of sensory interventions with people with schizophrenia and the results of this project can inform practice guidelines for this intervention. The research also highlights to practitioners that there are benefits to using the intervention however a cautious approach is required as the evidence is still emerging and there is still limited generalisabity of the findings. The findings of this project suggests that practitioners should exercise their ethical responsibility of considering available evidence when using sensory modulation and apply shared decision-making principles when using it. This cautious approach is an important addition to safe and ethical practice which can lead to better patient outcomes.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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Morrow, Lauren. "Effective music therapy applications for persons with sensory processing disorder". Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2010. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/lib/digcoll/undergraduate/honors-theses/2181939.
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Bishop, Karen A. "Inspection time : an index of the speed of sensory processing /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SPS/09spsb622.pdf.
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Porcu, Emanuele. "Processing resources and interplay among sensory modalities: an EEG investigation". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-163236.
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The primary aim of the present thesis was to investigate how the human brain handles and distributes limited processing resources among different sensory modalities. Two main hypothesis have been conventionally proposed: (1) common processing resources shared among sensory modalities (supra-modal attentional system) or (2) independent processing resources for each sensory modality. By means of four EEG experiments, we tested whether putative competitive interactions between sensory modalities – regardless of attentional influences – are present in early sensory areas. We observed no competitive interactions between sensory modalities, supporting independent processing resources in early sensory areas. Consequently, we tested the influence of top-down attention on a cross-modal dual task. We found evidence for shared attentional resources between visual and tactile modalities. Taken together, our results point toward a hybrid model of inter-modal attention. Attentional processing resources seem to be controlled by a supra-modal attentional system, however, in early sensory areas, the absence of competitive interactions strongly reduces interferences between sensory modalities, thus providing a strong processing resource independence.
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Lawrence, Tami. "Sensory processing disorder : prevalence and influence on participation in children". Thesis, NSUWorks, 2011. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_ot_student_dissertations/8.
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"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Occupational Therapy, Occupational Therapy Department, College of Allied Health and Nursing, Nova Southeastern University."
Sensory processing disorder (SPD) has been shown to affect behavior in children. Children spend much of their time in school, where participation and appropriate behavior are expected. Sensory processing challenges may affect a child's ability to participate in school. However, the prevalence of SPD among nondisabled children, and its impact on participation remains poorly understood and understudied. This study sought to determine the prevalence of SPD and its potential impact upon school participation in children enrolled in kindergarten and first grade. Using a descriptive cross-sectional research design, parents of 123 typically developing children from five public and one private elementary school completed questionnaires to measure sensory processing behaviors. A conservative estimate of the prevalence of SPD was calculated at 8.3% within the sample studied, based upon parent report. The second phase of the study examined relationships and differences between children with and without SPD on various measures of participation in school as observed by teachers. Although no statistically significant differences were found between the children on measures of participation, there was very little agreement between parent and teacher perceptions on the presence of SPD for individual children. Further, statistically significant correlations were found between Short Sensory Profile scores and some measures of participation. These results suggest that perceptions of the presence of SPD may be related to the context in which the student is being observed. Results from this study were limited by the small sample size and low response rate.
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Ollerenshaw, Douglas R. "Adaptive information processing during detection and discrimination of tactile sensory stimuli". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52933.
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Our sensory systems provide us with our ability to perceive and ultimately act upon the world around us. One of the challenges constantly placed on the nervous system is the task of detecting important stimuli among ongoing sensory inputs and then correctly discriminating between possible sources of the stimulus. This dissertation is focused on the study of tactile processing in the rodent vibrissa system to better understand how the nervous system moves between these two operating regimes. The work used a combination of behavioral tasks in trained rats and electrophysiological measurement of neural activity in both anesthetized and awake animals. Results demonstrate that persistent exposure to a sensory stimulus - sensory adaptation - improves spatial discrimination performance, but at the expense of the ability to detect weak stimuli. Parallel experiments involved cortical imaging of anesthetized animals demonstrated important processing changes that could explain these behavioral effects. In a final set of experiments, recordings were obtained from the thalamus, the input stage to the cortex, in awake, behaving animals during performance of a detection task including sensory adaptation. Important changes in the information processing characteristics of the thalamus helped to explain the subsequent cortical and behavioral effects of sensory adaptation. Taken together, results from this set of studies suggest a general principle of adaptive shaping of feature selectivity in sensory processing, resulting from both self-generated sensor motion and the properties of the ongoing stimulus.
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Easton, Kerry Louise. "The simultaneous processing of mutually supportive sensory and non-sensory plans in direct response to the current environment". Thesis, University of Essex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309769.
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Andell-Jonsson, Siv. "The effect of galanin message-associated peptide in spinal sensory processing /". Huddinge, 1997. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1997/91-628-2656-5.
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Nusnbaum, Matthew. "Chemical Defenses of Aplysia Californica and Sensory Processing by Predatory Fishes". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/neurosci_diss/2.
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In predator-prey interactions, prey species have complex defensive behaviors to protect themselves from predators. Chemical defenses are one tool that is employed to protect against predators, especially for slow-moving or otherwise susceptible prey. Many of these chemical defenses have been studied and the effective compounds identified, but few studies were performed on their mechanisms of detection.
In my research, I used the sea hare, Aplysia californica, as chemically defended prey. This slow moving mollusk is soft-bodied with no external shell, but it has adapted a number of defenses including chemical defenses. Ink is a sticky mixture of the products of the ink gland and the opaline gland which are mixed in the mantle cavity and released toward an attacker. I show that this ink secretion protects the sea hare from predation by a fish predator.
Because many deterrent compounds taste bitter, bitter taste receptors are thought to protect predators from ingesting harmful compounds in prey. Studies of deterrent taste detection have commonly utilized bitter compounds from human hedonics to study the responses in animals, such as fruit flies, fishes, rats, and monkeys. In my dissertation, I argue that the study of chemical defenses allows us to ask more questions about detection of relevant deterrents and interactions between predators and prey at the individual and population levels. My results show that diet-derived pigments in Aplysia ink, aplysioviolin and phycoerythrobilin, are strongly deterrent to fish predators. Electrophysiological analyses of the gustatory system show that these compounds are equipotent and cross-adapt each others’ responses completely. Aplysioviolin and phycoerythrobilin produced incomplete reciprocal cross-adaptation with amino acids and adapted bile salt responses but were not significantly adapted by these latter stimuli. These results showed multiple pathways that are sensitive to aplysioviolin and phycoerythrobilin, which may have different effects on the physiology and behavior of the predatory fish. My findings demonstrate the value to the fields of chemical ecology and chemosensory biology of studying sensory processing of relevant deterrent compounds. This work lays the foundation for how a diet-derived photopigment is adapted by a species to protect itself from predators by stimulating their chemosensory systems.
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Brooks, Jessica. "How actions alter sensory processing: reafference cancellation in the vestibular system". Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106238.
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Our sensory systems are continually confronted with the task of differentiating sensory inputs due to external events (exafference) from sensory information due to our own actions (reafference). Discriminating between these two types of stimuli is critical in order to achieve accurate perception and motor control. The current mechanism that explains how the vestibular system deals with this issue states that during an active movement, a prediction of the sensory consequences of motor commands computed by an internal model is compared to the actual sensory feedback; if the internal model's prediction and sensory feedback match, the vestibular signal is cancelled, if they do not, the vestibular signal is left unaltered. The studies presented in this thesis were aimed at understanding this fundamental mechanism. In particular, I investigate 1- the rules that govern the cancellation of vestibular reafference, 2- the adaptability of the internal model that underlies vestibular reafference cancellation and 3-the role of the vestibular cerebellum in the processing of passive and active motion. First, I establish that disrupting sensory feedback during an active movement affects the ability of central vestibular neurons to suppress vestibular reafference. Specifically, when proprioceptive feedback is disrupted during an active movement, vestibular reafference is no longer suppressed. In addition, I demonstrate that vestibular reafference due to active body movements are suppressed at the first central stage of vestibular processing. Second, I demonstrate that the internal model underlying the suppression of vestibular reafference adapts such that vestibular neurons regain the ability to suppress vestibular reafference in conditions when the relationship between motor commands and the actual head movements are altered. My findings strongly suggest that indeed the internal model used to predict the sensory consequences of motor commands is quickly updated when faced with new relationships between expected and actual sensory feedback.Finally, I examine the role that the cerebellum plays in the encoding of passive versus active motion. I found that in the passive condition, neurons in the rostral fastigial nucleus (FN) encode two separate representations of motion; half the neurons encode head motion and the other half encodes body motion. The neurons in the rostral FN that encode body movements provide the first neuronal correlate for the perception of body motion. Then I address how vestibular information is processed by the rostral FN during active movements. We found that neurons in the vestibular cerebellum were attenuated during active head and body motion and demonstrate for the first time that the primate cerebellum explicitly encodes the detailed time course of exafference. Taken together the results in this thesis provide firm evidence that vestibular reafference is suppressed during active head and body motion by a mechanism that compares the brain's internally generated expectation of the consequences of voluntary movements with the actual incoming sensory information.Nos systèmes sensoriels doivent continuellement faire la différence entre des sensations dues aux événements extérieurs (exaférence) et des sensations provoquées par nos propres actions (réafférence). Faire la différence entre ces deux types de stimuli est essential pour permettre une perception et un control moteur précis. Cette distinction est possible, au niveau du système vestibulaire, grâce au fait qu'une prédiction des conséquences sensorielles de la commande motrice évaluée par un modèle interne est comparée avec le retour sensorielle réel; si la prédiction du model interne est similaire au retour sensoriel, le signale vestibulaire est supprimé; si ils sont différent, le signal vestibulaire n'est pas altéré. Les études présentées dans cette thèse ont pour but de comprendre ce mécanisme fondamental. Plus particulièrement, je cherche a établir 1- les règles qui gouvernent la suppression des réafférences vestibulaire, 2- l'adaptabilité du modèle interne qui sous-tend la suppression des réafférences vestibulaire et 3- le rôle du cervelet vestibulaire dans le processus de différentiation des mouvements actif et passif.Premièrement, j'ai montré que déranger le retour sensoriel pendant un mouvement actif perturbe la capacité des neurones vestibulaire centraux à supprimer les réafférences vestibulaire. Plus précisément, quand le retour proprioceptif est perturbé pendant un mouvement actif, le retour vestibulaire n'est plus supprimé. De plus, j'ai démontré que le retour vestibulaire due à des mouvements du corps est aussi supprimé au premier niveau central du traitement vestibulaire.Deuxièmement, j'ai démontré que le model interne sous-tendant la suppression des réafférences vestibulaire s'adapte pour que les neurones vestibulaire retrouvent leur capacité à supprimer les réafférences vestibulaire dans des conditions ou la relation entre la commande motrice et le mouvement de la tète sont perturbé. Mes résultats suggèrent fortement que le model interne utilisé pour prédire les conséquences sensorielles de la commande motrice est rapidement mis a jour quand il est en présence de nouvelles relations entre retour sensoriel attendu et réel. Finalement, je me suis intéressé au rôle que joue le cervelet pour encoder les mouvements passif et actif. J'ai trouvé qu'en condition passive, les neurones du noyau rostral de fastigial (FN rostral) encodent deux représentations différentes du mouvement; la moitié des neurones encodent les mouvements de la tète et l'autre moitié encode les mouvements du corps. Les neurones du FN rostral qui encodent les mouvements du corps fournissent le premier corrélat neural de la perception des mouvements du corps. Puis j'aborde la question de comment l'information vestibulaire est traite par le FN rostral pendant les mouvements actifs? Nous avons trouvé que la réponse des neurones dans le cervelet vestibulaire est atténuée pendant les mouvements actifs de la tète et du corps. Cela démontre pour la première fois que le cervelet des primates encode les exafférences.Dans leur ensemble les résultats de cette thèse fournissent des évidences solides en faveur de la suppression des réafférences vestibulaire pendant les mouvements actifs de la tète et du corps. Cette suppression est possible grâce à un mécanisme qui compare les prévisions des conséquences d'un mouvement volontaire générées par le cerveau avec le retour sensoriel réel.
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McBride, Michael F. "Biologically inspired sensory processing for mobile robots using Spiking Neural Networks". Thesis, Ulster University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538953.
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This thesis is focused on research into biologically inspired sensory fusion for a mobile robot. The approach is based upon a bio-inspired Liquid State Machine (Reservoir Computing) paradigm, utilising Spiking Neural Networks in the reservoir as the core of the sensory fusion system, with a conventional classical artificial neural network in the readout phase. The connectivity and structure of the LSM is inspired by the biological example of the mammalian brain and in particular by the connectivity of the somatosensory cortex. The use of the reservoir computing paradigm allows for effective integration of data from different sensory modalities within the reservoir and permits snapshots of the internal state to be captured for subsequent processing. The use of such an approach provides a novel method for autonomous systems to combine information, in a method which is more closely inspired by nature. The experimental analysis of this research investigates a robot traversing an environment using multiple sensory inputs from multiple sensor types and experiencing varying sensory conditions. The research investigates parameters for sensor data coding and creating a LSM for processing sensor information. An LSM structure is presented to combine the sensor information within its structure. The empirical assessment of the LSM sensor fusion experiments of the robot obstacle avoidance is presented. The experiments demonstrate how the fusing of separate sensor data in the LSM improves the performance of the robot over the performance of processing a single sensor type in the LSM
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Artell-Holtzman, Tahl. "Sensory information processing in the granular layer of the rat cerebellum". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614786.
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Cottam, J. C. H. "The role of interneurons in sensory processing in primary visual cortex". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1402363/.
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Cortical networks are comprised of a multitude of cell types. To understand sensory processing, the function and interaction of these cell types must be investigated. Neurons can be separated into two main groups: excitatory pyramidal (Pyr) cells and inhibitory interneurons. Inhibitory interneurons make up 20% of the total cortical neuronal population and they exhibit a striking array of molecular, morphological and electrophysiological characteristics. The most numerous are the parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons, accounting for 35-40% of the interneuron population in adult mouse visual cortex. Somatostatin-expressing (SOM+) neurons are another significant group, comprising 20-25% of the interneuron population. The visual responses of SOM+ and PV+ interneurons were measured using 2-photon targeted cell-attached recordings and compared with Pyr cells in the primary visual cortex of anaesthetized mice. These interneuron populations exhibited higher firing rates than Pyr cells in response to oriented gratings, but were less orientation selective, with PV+ interneurons exhibiting the lowest orientation selectivity. Next, SOM+ interneurons were stimulated optogenetically using channelrhodopsin to measure their effect on Pyr cell and PV+ interneuron responses to visual stimuli. Activating small numbers of SOM+ interneurons in vivo inhibited stimulus- evoked firing in PV+ interneurons but not in Pyr cells. Stimulating a large number of SOM+ interneurons confirmed this differential effect, inhibiting PV+ interneurons twice as effectively as Pyr cells. Moreover, the remaining responses to oriented gratings in PV+ cells were more orientation-tuned and time-modulated. In short, inhibitory SOM+ cell activity does not summate with PV+ cell activity, but suppresses it, reconfiguring the inhibitory input to Pyr cells. These results suggest a new role for SOM+ cells, which are activated more slowly and provide dendritic inhibition to Pyr cells while strongly antagonizing PV+ cells, thereby shifting inhibitory input to Pyr cells from somatic to dendritic inhibition throughout the course of the network's visual response.
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Penberthy, Marie Louise. "The identification of vestibular processing dysfunction in disorders of sensory integration". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26447.
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Mills, Caroline Jennifer. "Classroom Based Sensory Processing Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18845.
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Students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently present with sensory processing difficulties which have a negative impact on their occupational performance at school, however, there is limited evidence to guide occupational therapy practice in this area. The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of a Sensory Activity Schedule (SAS), on classroom occupational performance for primary school aged students with ASD. The research was carried out in several phases. Research Phase One involved a critical case study for one student with ASD and an intellectual disability while Research Phase Two involved single-system research design (SSRD) using the Perceive Recall Plan Perform (PRPP) Stage One and Stage Two Task Analysis. Results were promising and were used to guide Research Phase Three, which comprised a randomised control trial (RCT). An RCT was conducted with 30 students with ASD across six autism-specific schools in NSW. Students in the control group received usual teaching and students in the intervention group received SAS intervention in addition to usual teaching. The PRPP System of Task Analysis (Stage One and Two) and Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) were used as outcome measures. Students in the intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in classroom occupational performance when compared with the control group. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were also conducted with participating teachers to gain their perceptions on the use of SAS in their classrooms. A classroom-based SAS can have a positive effect on classroom occupational performance for primary school aged students with ASD who attend autism-specific schools. Links between sensory processing and classroom performance are discussed in relation to ASD as well as the significance of these findings to occupational therapy practice.
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Andrews, Katherine Ann. "The development of the cutaneous flexion reflex in human infants : the effects of noxious stimuli and tissue damage in the newborn". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267641.
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Taylor, Morgan. "Bringing the outdoors in: designing a mobile sensory garden for children with sensory integration disorders in elementary schools". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35453.
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Master of Landscape ArchitectureDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Anne E. Beamish
The purpose of this research was to develop a mobile sensory garden to help children with Sensory Integration Disorders. Sensory Integration (SI) is how an individual processes sensory information. Issues with sensory integration can lead to behavioral disorders, which can cause difficulties with social-emotional skills, gross motor skills, fine motor skills, play skills, and self-help skills. The goal of the project was to develop a mobile sensory garden to help alleviate or reduce the negative aspects of Sensory Integration Disorders. The research involved qualitative research, projective design, and evaluative research on a mobile sensory cart that was used in an elementary school in Topeka, Kansas. Methods included: interviews, design/build, and observation. The current sensory room was inventoried in Williams Science & Fine Arts Elementary Magnet School in Topeka, Kansas, and the children who used were observed. The faculty at the school, including the principal, teachers whose students use the current sensory room, counselors, and other support faculty, were interviewed. Once the observations were analyzed, a mobile sensory garden cart was designed and built. The new cart was brought to the elementary school and placed in the sensory room. A second phase of observation assessed how the children interacted with the new mobile sensory garden cart. During the second phase of observation the children showed intense interest in the mobile sensory garden cart. Some of this can be attributed to it being a new item in the sensory room. Some of the most popular items included the zen garden, wood slices on the wooden dowel, and the plants. In the second week children transitioned to using both the sensory garden cart and the original items in the sensory room. When an item on the sensory garden cart best suited their needs, that item was chosen and when their needs were best suited by other items in the room then that item was chosen. Overall the mobile sensory garden cart was beneficial to the school and the children. It can be easily replicated and modified to fit the individual needs of the children and school.
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Cahn, Baruch Rael. "Neurophysiologic correlates to sensory and cognitive processing in altered states of consciousness". Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3258980.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 13, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 260-296).
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Aminoltejari, Khatereh. "Uncrossed cortical and thalamic circuits to mediate sensory processing weeks after stroke". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/36619.
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One of the enduring principles in neurobiology is that most sensory activity is processed in the hemisphere opposite (contralateral) to the sensation. After a relatively small stroke, function can re-map to related peri-infarct cortical areas. However, after a large stroke, areas with spared and related function may only be present within the “unaffected” hemisphere leading to ipsilateral (un-crossed) sensory processing. We investigated the mechanism of the ipsilateral cortical representation of tactile information before, and 1 and 8-10 weeks after stroke using voltage sensitive dye imaging of forelimb-evoked sensory responses in mice. In control animals before stroke, we observed bilateral cortical activation in response to unilateral stimulation. Ipsilateral forelimb responses before stroke were dependent on the contralateral cortex and presumably mediated through transcallosal fibers that homotopically connect the somatosensory cortices. Large strokes that affected both sensory and motor cortices led to a shift in processing of forelimb sensory stimuli to predominantly the unaffected hemisphere. Pharmacological silencing of the peri-infarct cortex or thalamus within the stroke-affected hemisphere failed to affect prominent non-crossed responses in animals 8-10 weeks after stroke, yet these treatments blocked ipsilateral responses in control animals. Ipsilateral forelimb responses after 8-10 weeks of recovery from a large stroke were attributed to non-crossed ascending circuits that were dependent on the ipsilateral thalamus and apparently substitute for damaged transcallosal cortico-cortical connections. These results indicate that ipsilateral sensory responses present in animals after 8-10 weeks of recovery from stroke are through a fundamentally different mechanism that involves circuits well upstream of the peri-infarct tissue with little dependence on the thalamus or cortex within the stroke-affected hemisphere.
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Roy, Jefferson Edward. "Signal processing by vestibular nuclei neurons : dissociating sensory, motor, and cognitive influences". Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84430.
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The vestibular sensory apparatus and associated vestibular nuclei are generally thought to encode angular head velocity during our daily activities. However, in addition to direct inputs from vestibular afferents, the vestibular nuclei receive substantial projections from cortical, cerebellar, and other brainstem structures. Given this diversity of inputs we asked: how are the responses of vestibular nuclei neurons to head velocity modified by these additional inputs during naturally occurring behaviours? Here we have focused on three specific classes of neurons in the vestibular nuclei: (1) vestibular-only (VO) neurons which are thought to mediate, at least in part, the vestibulocollic reflex (VCR); (2) position-vestibular-pause (PVP) neurons which mediate the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR), and; (3) eye-head (EH) neurons, which are thought to mediate pursuit eye movements.We first characterized neuronal responses to passive rotation in the head-restrained condition, and then released the head to record the discharges of the same neurons during self-generated head movements. VCR interneurons (VO neurons) faithfully transmitted head velocity signals during passive head motion, but their responses were greatly attenuated during all behaviours during which the monkey's behavioral goal was to move its head relative to the body. Moreover, the attenuation occurs only when neck proprioceptive inputs match those predicted by the neck motor command. We propose that the sensory-motor matching is meditated by interconnections with the cerebellum. Our findings indicate that the VCR is suppressed during active head movements, but remains responsive to unexpected head perturbations. In contrast, VOR interneurons (PVP neurons) faithfully transmitted head velocity signals when the animal stabilized its gaze, regardless of whether the head motion was actively or passively generated; their responses were attenuated only when the monkey's behavioral goal was to redirect its axis of gaze relative to space. We propose that efference copies of oculomotor/gaze commands are responsible for the behaviourally dependent modulation of PVP neurons (and by extension the VOR) during gaze redirection. Finally, the activity of EH neurons was recorded during head-restrained smooth pursuit and eye-head gaze pursuit. EH neurons were not influenced by error terms and their activity was best described by an eye movement-based model. In addition, during gaze pursuit EH neurons were found to encode gaze and head movement-related signals. Furthermore, neuron responses could be predicted by their head movement sensitivity during passive whole-body rotation in the dark and gaze movement sensitivity during smooth pursuit, regardless of the stimulation condition. We propose that EH neuron responses reflect the summation of head movement information fro
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Rogers, Susan. "The influence of sensory and cognitive consonance/ dissonance on musical signal processing". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95035.
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This thesis investigates possible origins of the distinction between consonant and dissonant auditory events and how persons with and without formal musical training judge the distinction. Two studies comprising six experiments used behavioral methods to explore perceptual and cognitive differences between musicians and nonmusicians. The first three experiments concern the qualitative assessment of auditory roughness a primary component of sensory dissonance. The remaining three experiments concern short-term memory for musical intervals as distinguished by their properties of consonance and dissonance. An original contribution of this thesis is to quantify several differences that musical training confers upon both bottom-up (sensory-driven) and top-down (knowledge-driven) processing of musical sounds. These studies show that knowledge of a tonal hierarchy in a given culture cannot be reliably dissociated from the evaluation of a musical sound's features. Moreover, they show that robust, accurate auditory short-term memory exceeds the duration previously reported in the literature. These findings are relevant to theories of music perception and cognition, auditory short-term memory, and the psychophysical scaling of auditory event properties.Dans cette thèse nous étudions les origines possibles de la distinction entre événements auditifs consonants et dissonants, ainsi que la façon dont cette distinction est révélée dans le traitement auditif par les personnes ayant une formation musicale ou pas. Deux études comprenant six expériences ont employé des méthodes comportementales pour explorer les différences perceptives et cognitives entre musiciens et non musiciens. Les trois premières expériences concernent l'évaluation qualitative de la rugosité auditives un composant élémentaire de la dissonance sensorielle. Les autres trois expériences concernent les différences de la mémoire à court terme entre les intervalles musicaux consonants et dissonants. Une contribution originale de cette thèse est de quantifier plusieurs différences que la formation musicale confèrent sur les traitements ascendants (conduits par les sensations) et descendants (conduits par les connaissances) des sons musicaux. Ces études montrent que les connaissances sur la hiérarchie tonale dans une culture donnée ne peuvent pas être fiablement dissociées de l'évaluation des attributs d'un son musical et que la durée de la mémoire auditive à court terme, qui est robuste et précise, excède celle rapportée précèdemment dans la littérature.
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Apostolopoulos, Christos. "Interrelationships between physical properties, processing variables and sensory characteristics of peach fruit". Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316142.
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Lewis, Juan David. "Sensory processing and work performance of contact centre agents in South Africa". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/886.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The primary objective of this study was to establish if the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile questionnaire (AASP) could be used as a recruitment tool in selecting contact centre agents with a higher predictability for success and hence higher productivity. Contact centres around the globe face the challenge of high staff turnover and absenteeism, reducing profitability. It seems that work performance related to the way in which adults process sensory input has not been well researched. A model was developed by Dunn (Brown et al., 2001) based on the intersection of a neurological threshold continuum and a behavioural continuum and yielding four quadrants: Quadrant 1, Low Registration (of stimuli); Quadrant 2, Sensation Seeking; Quadrant 3, Sensory Sensitivity, and Quadrant 4, Sensation Avoiding. Forty-eight contact centre agents employed by Liberty Life were selected and assessed on the AASP. Performance data for each contact centre agent were collected: available time, auxiliary time, log-in time, quality assurance, absenteeism and length of service. Spearman rank correlations were conducted to test if relationships exist between any of the four quadrants and the performance measures. As an additional investigation, a Suitability Score (based on clustering of scores with a percent assigned) was derived for each contact centre agent and also correlated with the above performance measures. Significant relationships were found between Quadrant 2 scores and three of the performance measurement criteria. As the Quadrant 2 scores increase, the average available time of the agents will decrease and their average log-in time will increase. Absenteeism increased as well, which is expected to have a negative effect on the productivity of the contact centre. The Quadrant also had a high predictability for Suitability Ratings indicating that as the Quadrant 2 score increases, the suitability of the contact centre agents increases as well. Regarding Quadrant 3 (sensory sensitivity) scores, quality assessment, total days of absenteeism and average absenteeism relate negatively. It seems that contact centre agents with high sensory sensitivity are less suitable for the job. As the score increases the quality assessment scores decrease, which is not what is required in terms of quality standards. A negative relationship exists between Quadrant 3 scores and the Suitability Rating scores, indicating that the higher the quadrant scores the less suitable the contact centre agents are to work in the contact centre environment. Quadrant 4 (sensation avoiding) has a negative relationship with Suitability Rating scores, which indicates that the higher the quadrant score the less suitable the contact centre agent is to work in the contact centre environment. No significant relationships were recorded between the performance measurements and Quadrant 1 (low registration) and Quadrant 4 (sensation avoiding), even though, logically, one would expect agents with less distraction to be more productive. Further studies are recommended before the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile questionnaire is used as a recruitment tool. Future studies could categorise the quadrant scores into clusters and then test for relationships with the set performance measurements. The Suitability Rating was used in a first attempt to match individuals in a specific job according to specific sensory profiles. This measure has not yet been tested for validity and reliability, which must be done prior to further study using it.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die primêre doel van hierdie studie was om vas te stel of die Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) vraelys gebruik kan word as ‘n hulpmiddel vir die werwing en seleksie van kontaksentrum agente, met ‘n hoër waarskynlikheid van sukses en, dus, hoër produktiwiteit. Kontaksentrums op elke vasteland kom te staan voor die probleem van hoë personeelomset en werksafwesigheid wat winsgewendheid verlaag. Die manier waardeur volwasse mense hul sensoriese insette verwerk, in verband met werkprestasie, is nog nie goed ondersoek nie. ‘n Model is deur Dunn (Brown et al., 2001) ontwikkel wat gebasseer is op die kruispunt van ‘n neurologiese drumpel kontinuum en ‘n gedragskontinuum wat tot vier kwadrante lei: Kwadrant 1, Lae Registrasie (van stimuli); Kwadrant 2, Sensasie Soekend; Kwadrant 3, Sensoriese Sensitiwiteit, en Kwadrant 4, Vermyding van Sensasie. Agt-en-veertig kontaksentrum agente wat in diens van Liberty Life is, is geselekteer en beoordeel volgens die AASP. Prestasiedata is saamgestel vir elke kontaksentrum agent: beskikbare tyd, oortollige tyd, teenwoordige tyd, kwaliteitsversekering, werksafwesigheid en jare diensplig. Spearman rang korrelasies is onderneem om te toets of daar verbande bestaan tussen enige van die vier kwadrante en die prestasiemaatstaf. In ‘n addisionele ondersoek is ‘n geskiktheidsmaatstaf ontwikkel wat gebasseer is op trosvorming van tellings met ‘n toegekende persentasie. Dit is gedoen vir elke kontaksentrum agent en hierdie tellings is ook gekorreleer met bogenoemde prestasiemaatstawwe. Statisties-beduidende positiewe verbande is gevind tussen Kwadrant 2 (sensasie soekend) tellings en drie van die prestasiemetingskriteria. As die telling van Kwadrant 2 toeneem, neem die gemiddelde beskikbare tyd af en die teenwoordige tyd van agente toe. Werksafwesigheid het ook toegeneem, wat moontlik negatief kan inwerk op die produktiwiteit van die kontaksentrum. Die kwadrant het ook ‘n hoë waarskynlikheid openbaar in die geval van die Gekiktheidsmaatstaf, wat aandui dat, namate die Kwadrant 2 telling toeneem, die gekiktheid van die kontaksentrum agent ook toeneem. Wat Kwadrant 3 (sensoriese sensitiwiteit) tellings betref, bestaan daar ‘n negatiewe verband tussen kwaliteitsversekering, totale aantal dae van werksafwesigheid en gemiddelde werksafwesigheid. Dit blyk dat kontaksentrum agente met hoë sensoriese sensitiwiteit dalk minder geskik is vir die pos. Soos wat die telling vir sensoriese sensitiwiteit toeneem, neem die telling vir kwaliteitsversekering af, wat nie in terme van kwaliteitstandaarde aanvaarbaar is nie. Daar bestaan ‘n negatiewe verband tussen Kwadrant 4 (sensasie vermyding) tellings en die tellings vir die Geskiktheidsmaatstaf, wat aandui dat hoe hoër die kwadrant telling, hoe minder geskik is die agent. Geen statisties-beduidende verbande is gevind tussen die prestasietellings van Kwadrant 1 (lae registrasie) en Kwadrant 4 (sensasie vermyding) nie. Normaalweg sou mens verwag dat agente met minder afleiding, meer produktief sou wees. Daar word voorgestel dat verdere studies onderneem word voordat die Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile as ‘n werwingsmaatstaf gebruik word. Toekomstige studies kan die kwadrant tellings saamvoeg in trosse en dan toets vir verbande met die vooropgestelde prestasiemaatstawwe. Die Geskiktheidsmaatstaf is gebruik as ‘n eerste poging om individue saam te voeg in ‘n spesifieke pos, volgens ‘n spesifieke sensoriese profiel. Hierdie maatstaf moet vir toepaslikheid en betroubaarheid in verdere studie getoets word, voordat dit gebruik kan word.
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de, Sousa Valente Joao Manuel. "Role of the cannabinoid system in nociceptive processing in primary sensory neurons". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/45542.
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The endogenous ligand N-arachydonoylethanolamine (anandamide) is an important modulator of nociceptive processing in primary sensory neurons (PSN), because it activates both the excitatory transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 ion channel (TRPV1) and the inhibitory cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptor, which are co-expressed in PSN and plays a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of pain associated with peripheral pathologies. However, the mechanisms involved in the anandamide-mediated modulation of nociceptive processing in PSN are not well understood. Here, we studied some important aspects of anandamide-mediated signaling in PSN. We found that multiple anandamide-synthesising pathways are present in PSN. The only Ca2+-sensitive anandamide-synthesising enzyme, Nacylphosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), exhibits a high degree of co-expression with TRPV1, the CB1 receptor and the main anandamide-hydrolysing enzyme, fatty acid amid hydrolase. Spinal nerve injury, but not inflammation significantly alters this expression pattern. Although, the excitatory effect of anandamide is mediated by TRPV1 in PSN, not all TRPV1- expressing cells respond to anandamide. Blocking or deleting the CB1 receptor significantly reduces anandamide responsiveness of TRPV1, and PSN either express TRPV1 and the CB1 receptor in segregation or in close association. Cultured spinal microglia, in addition to PSN, also synthesise anandamide and that synthesis may depend on the activation state of spinal microglia and involve the activity of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 1 (Inpp5). 3 Our findings support the view that anandamide-mediated signalling may occur through autocrine mechanisms in PSN, and indicate that nerve injury may induce deregulation of that signalling which may contribute to the development of neuropathic pain. However, paracrine mechanisms, for example through anandamide synthesis in spinal microglia may also contribute to anandamide-mediated signalling, which is shaped, among others, by a complex crosstalk between the CB1 receptor and TRPV1. Finally, our findings suggest that NAPE-PLD and Inpp5 might be targets for future analgesics.
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Buckhannon, Maggie. "Autistic Traits, Sensory Processing, and Intolerance of Uncertainty: Neurobiological and Behavioral Correlates". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9087.
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Sensory processing challenges are common and often difficult for children on the autism spectrum and can affect some neurotypical children. Furthermore, sensory processing atypicalities are associated with autistic traits and other co-occurring behaviors associated with autism, such as intolerance of uncertainty. As such, traits common to autism may vary continuously across diagnostic boundaries (i.e., Broad Autism Phenotype). Working to uncover behavioral and neurophysiologic correlates of sensory differences could positively impact clinical support of children with and without a diagnosis of autism. Therefore, this study examined relationships between sensory processing, intolerance of uncertainty (a possible measure of prediction), autistic traits, and associated resting state brain connectivity, in autistic (n=30) and neurotypical (NT; n=26) children ages 6-11. To this end, we calculated the relationships between behavioral scores on measures related to sensory processing, intolerance of uncertainty, and autistic traits. Also, we carried out independent component network functional connectivity analysis to investigate associations between cortical and cerebellar networks and behavioral results. Autistic participants presented with significant correlations of sensory processing with autistic traits and sensory processing with intolerance of uncertainty. Neurotypical participants presented with significant correlations of autistic traits with sensory processing and autistic traits with intolerance of uncertainty. Between groups correlations demonstrated sensory processing and intolerance of uncertainty scores overlapping and spanning the groups. Brain (rs-fMRI)--behavioral relationships regarding the above were also examined revealing strong associations between sensory and cerebellar networks and behavioral scores. Overall, our findings suggest that sensory differences may be related to altered prediction abilities and, in NT children, autistic traits. Neurophysiologic data pointed to abnormal functional connectivity between sensory cortices and the cerebellum in autistic children. These findings provide evidence for the notion of the BAP and suggest a role of prediction in sensory processing and its behavioral correlates.