Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Semiconducting Polymer Nanomaterials”

Nanomaterials due to their size (ranging from 0.1-100 nm, at least in one dimension) and higher ratio of surface area to volume display dominant quantum effects causing drastic changes in their chemical reactivity as well as optical, elastic, electrical and magnetic properties. The electrons due to their wave nature move very easily without scattering in nanomaterials and allow their use as biological sensors. Nano wires, semiconducting in nature, act as a versatile optoelectronic component in photodetectors sensitive to polarization and arrays with sub wavelength resolution. The wide applicability of nanomaterials in medicines emerge from the similarity in size of biomolecule moieties of metabolic processes occurring at nano levels. Optical properties of quantum dots allow their use as biomarkers subsequent to coating with a material able to bind selectively with certain biological structures like cancer cells by fluorescent absorption followed by emission of electrons known as functionalised quantum dots. Nanomaterials on combining with biomolecules develop ability to recognize sensitive diagnostic and regulated drug delivery processes with appreciably better performances and may be used as tissue substitutes. The properties produced in organic solvents make them hydrophobic and incompatible to biological molecules. At the same time, they may be converted into water soluble form and made biocompatible through different techniques like ligand exchange, encapsulation, polymer coating (with functional groups attached to the surface) providing reactive site for bio conjugation through different processes keeping limitations of the processes in view. Nanomaterials play prominent role in medicines as obviated by growing global market for them in the field expected to reach to USD 182.3 billion by 2027 at a compounded annual growth rate of 19.9% from 2021

Nanomaterials due to their size (ranging from 0.1-100 nm, at least in one dimension) and higher ratio of surface area to volume display dominant quantum effects causing drastic changes in their chemical reactivity as well as optical, elastic, electrical and magnetic properties. The electrons due to their wave nature move very easily without scattering in nanomaterials and allow their use as biological sensors. Nano wires, semiconducting in nature, act as a versatile optoelectronic component in photodetectors sensitive to polarization and arrays with sub wavelength resolution. The wide applicability of nanomaterials in medicines emerge from the similarity in size of biomolecule moieties of metabolic processes occurring at nano levels. Optical properties of quantum dots allow their use as biomarkers subsequent to coating with a material able to bind selectively with certain biological structures like cancer cells by fluorescent absorption followed by emission of electrons known as functionalised quantum dots. Nanomaterials on combining with biomolecules develop ability to recognize sensitive diagnostic and regulated drug delivery processes with appreciably better performances and may be used as tissue substitutes. The properties produced in organic solvents make them hydrophobic and incompatible to biological molecules. At the same time, they may be converted into water soluble form and made biocompatible through different techniques like ligand exchange, encapsulation, polymer coating (with functional groups attached to the surface) providing reactive site for bio conjugation through different processes keeping limitations of the processes in view. Nanomaterials play prominent role in medicines as obviated by growing global market for them in the field expected to reach to USD 182.3 billion by 2027 at a compounded annual growth rate of 19.9% from 2021.

Quantum dots (QDs) are a group of semiconducting nanomaterials with unique optical and electronic properties. They have distinct advantages over traditional fluorescent organic dyes in chemical and biological studies in terms of tunable emission spectra, signal brightness, photostability, and so forth. Currently, the major type of QDs is the heavy metal-containing II-IV, IV-VI, or III-V QDs. Silicon QDs and conjugated polymer dots have also been developed in order to lower the potential toxicity of the fluorescent probes for biological applications. Aqueous solubility is the common problem for all types of QDs when they are employed in the biological researches, such asin vitroandin vivoimaging. To circumvent this problem, ligand exchange and polymer coating are proven to be effective, besides synthesizing QDs in aqueous solutions directly. However, toxicity is another big concern especially forin vivostudies. Ligand protection and core/shell structure can partly solve this problem. With the rapid development of QDs research, new elements and new morphologies have been introduced to this area to fabricate more safe and efficient QDs for biological applications.

Phototherapies including photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have emerged as one of the avant-garde strategies for cancer treatment. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a new hybrid imaging modality that shows great promise for real-time in vivo monitoring of biological processes with deep tissue penetration and high spatial resolution. To enhance therapeutic efficacy, reduce side effects and minimize the probability of over-medication, it is necessary to use imaging and diagnostic methods to identify the ideal therapeutic window and track the therapeutic outcome. With this regard, nanotheranostics with the ability to conduct PA imaging and PTT/PDT are emerging. This review summarizes the recent progress of organic nanomaterials including nearinfrared (NIR) dyes and semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) in PA imaging guided cancer phototherapy, and also addresses their present challenges and potential in clinical applications.

The production of metal-containing nanoparticles is one of the important problems of modern science related to the creation of nanomaterials. Nanocomposites based on polymer matrices and uniformly distributed nanoparticles (quantum dots) isolated from each other in them have unique photoluminescent properties; in addition, polymer matrices are convenient stabilizers of nanoparticle growth and have good mechanical properties. Of the nanoparticles of semiconducting materials, metal chalcogenides (CdS, Cu) are of the greatest interest. In the chemical synthesis of metal sulfides in a polymer medium, H2S or a compound containing active sulfur can act as a sulfiding agent. Samples of nanocomposites based on semiconductor sulfides and polyethylene have been synthesized. The composition, structure and structure of nanoparticles were studied by X-ray phase analysis and spectroscopy. Investigated from thermophysical properties. From studies of the temperature dependence of the heat capacity of the compositions, LDPE and CdS compositions, It can be seen that there is a peak on the curve in the temperature range of 100-2250K, which almost degenerates with an increase in the concentration of the filler. Measurements of the temperature dependence of thermal conductivity and heat capacity revealed the presence of reversible structural rearrangements in polymer composites with metal oxide fillers. Moreover, various methods, within the limits of errors, fix a constant transition temperature of electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and heat capacity, which speaks in favor of the fact that the basis of all detected anomalies is a single mechanism, i.e. structural rearrangement of defect states of polymer composites.

Novelty and creativity make life more beautiful and enjoyable! As a result, the International Symposium on Novel Materials and their Synthesis (NMS) was initiated in 2005 [1]. This is the 3rd serial symposium (NMS-III) together with the 17th International Symposium on Fine Chemistry and Functional Polymers (FCFP-XVII), which was organized by Fudan University in Shanghai 17-21 October 2007. The National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Shanghai Society of Chemistry and Chemical Industry,and the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB209700) provided valuable financial support.The symposium was carried out under the auspices of IUPAC.The main objectives of the symposium were to present state-of-the-art preparation of novel materials, and to discuss their performance and application potentials. The wide scope of the symposium provided a valuable multidisciplinary academic exchange on new ideas and the latest findings for the scientific community. At the same time, the forum gave young scientists the opportunity to meet with the international authorities in their specialized areas and to quickly increase their knowledge. The symposium also opened other doors for the participants to learn something more about Fudan University, Shanghai, and China.The symposium was joined by 212 overseas participants from 34 countries and areas and some local distinguished delegates. The scientific program comprised 206 lectures and 90 posters, including one plenary lecture and one public lecture delivered by Prof. J. M. Lehn from France, the 1987 Nobel laureate in chemistry. Detailed, active, and lively discussions were covered by the following five themes:- innovative catalytic and other synthetic methods, including chiral and asymmetrical synthesis- innovative polymer materials, including supramolecular (supermolecular, dynamers), conducting, semiconducting, optoelecronic, and biobased polymers, their properties, and characteristics- innovative energy materials, including fuel cells, solar cells, lithium batteries, Ni-MH batteries, and supercapacitors- innovative nanomaterials and their preparation, characteristics, and applications- other novel materials, including drugs, perfumes, agricultural chemicals, electrical materials, photosensitive materials, displaying materials, and fine ceramics and their preparationThe program emphasized that novel materials and their preparation are dynamic research areas that are attracting growing interest from researchers, engineers, industries, and policy-makers. Furthermore, novel materials continue to find applications that serve the needs and interests of producers and consumers. Among these, energy and nanotechnologies are two urgent and important themes. A selection of 23 papers based on specially invited presentations to NMS-III/FCFP-XVII is published in this issue to demonstrate the quality and scope of the two themes of this symposium.During the symposium, the role and contributions of this academic platform to novel materialsand their synthesis are well realized by the participants and sponsors. Holding this symposium inOctober of every odd year in Shanghai is strongly recommended by the advisory board and adopted bythe organization committee.Yuping WuConference editor1. Y. P. Wu. Pure Appl. Chem.78, iii (2006).

In light of the global financial crisis, innovation becomes more critical, especially for industry. The crisis thus heightens the relevance and importance of the 5th International Symposium on Novel Materials and Their Synthesis (NMS-V) and the 19th International Symposium on Fine Chemistry and Functional Polymers (FCFP-XIX) (www.nms-iupac.org). Since the initial conference in 2005 [1], this is the 5th serial symposium of NMS together with FCFP, which was organized by Fudan University and the University of Wollongong in Shanghai, 18-22 October 2009. The National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Shanghai Society of Chemistry and Chemical Industry, and the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB209700) provided valuable financial support. The symposium was carried out under the auspices of IUPAC.The main objectives of the symposium were to present state-of-the-art preparation of novel materials, and to discuss their performance and application potentials. The wide scope of the symposium provided a multidisciplinary high-level academic exchange chance on new ideas and latest findings for the scientific community. At the same time, the forum gave young scientists the opportunity to know some international authorities in their specialized areas and to develop professionally as quickly as possible. The symposium also opened other doors for the participants to learn more about Fudan University, Shanghai, and China.The symposium was attended by 420 participants from 33 countries and areas. The scientific program comprised 7 plenary lectures, 235 invited lectures, 107 posters, and 1 NMS Nobel Public Lecture. Detailed, active, and lively discussions were covered by the following six themes:- innovative catalytic and other synthetic methods, including chiral and asymmetrical synthesis- innovative polymer materials, including supramolecular (supermolecular, dynamers), conducting, semiconducting, and biobased polymers, their properties, and characteristics- innovative energy systems, including fuel cells, solar cells, lithium batteries, and supercapacitors, and their key materials (PS-III: International)- innovative nanomaterials and their characterization and application- new ceramic materials, such as superconductors, electronic, diaelectronic, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, optoelectric, and magnetic materials- other novel materials, including drugs, perfumes, agricultural chemicals, electrical materials, photo sensitive materials, displaying materials, and fine ceramics and their preparationA selection of 17 papers based on specially invited presentations to NMS-5/FCFP-19 is published in this issue to demonstrate the quality and scope of the themes of this symposium.During the symposium, the role and contributions of this high-level academic platform to novel materials and their synthesis are well realized by the participants, sponsors, and exhibitors. In addition, the organization committee established the "Distinguished Award 2009 for Novel Materials and their Synthesis", and Prof. Makoto Shimizu from Japan and Dr. Klaus Kurz from Germany received the award for their excellent work. Three winners for the IUPAC Poster Prize were also awarded.The advisory board and the organization committee have approved holding this symposium every October. The committees also discussed the IUPAC Prof. Jiang Novel Materials Youth Prize, which will be formally awarded at the 2011 symposium with the support of IUPAC and Prof. Yingyan Jiang, the honorary chairman of this serial symposium.Yuping Wu and Guoxiu WangConference Editors1. Y. P. Wu. Pure Appl. Chem.78, iii (2006).

<div>Innovation is the impetus for the sustainable development of humanity and for better enjoyment of life, and thus the International Symposium on Novel Materials and their Synthesis (NMS) was initiated in 2005 [1]. This is the 4th serial symposium (NMS-IV) together with the 18th International Symposium on Fine Chemistry and Functional Polymers (FCFP-XVIII), which was organized by Jiangsu University in Zhenjiang 15-18 October 2008. The symposium is important especially given that it was held under the shadow of a serious subprime lending crisis and the emergence of a global economic crisis. The National Natural Science Foundation of China, Jiangsu Province Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Society, Zhenjiang City, and Yancheng Institute of Technology provided valuable financial support. The symposium was carried out under the auspices of IUPAC.<br /><br />The main objectives of the symposium were to present state-of-the-art preparation of novel materials and to discuss their performance and application potentials. The wide scope of the symposium provided a valuable multidisciplinary academic exchange of new ideas and the latest findings for the scientific community. At the same time, the forum gave young scientists the opportunity to meet with international authorities in their specialties. The symposium also allowed participants to learn more about Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, and China.<br /><br />The symposium was attended by 209 participants from 23 countries and areas. The scientific program comprised 88 lectures and 95 posters. Detailed, active, and lively discussions were covered by the following five themes:<br /><br />- innovative catalytic and other synthetic methods, including chiral and asymmetrical synthesis<br />- innovative polymer materials, including supramolecular (supermolecular, dynamers), conducting, semiconducting, optoelecronic and biobased polymers, their properties and characteristics<br />- innovative energy materials, including fuel cells, solar cells, lithium batteries, Ni-MH batteries, and supercapacitors<br />- innovative nanomaterials and their preparation, characteristics, and applications<br />- other novel materials, including drugs, perfumes, agricultural chemicals, electrical materials, photosensitive materials, displaying materials, and fine ceramics, and their preparation<br /><br />The program served to emphasize that novel materials and their preparation are dynamic research areas that are attracting growing interest from researchers, engineers, industries, and policy-makers. Furthermore, novel materials continue to find applications that serve the needs and interests of producers and consumers. A selection of 13 papers based on invited presentations to NMS-4/FCFP-18 is published in this issue to demonstrate the quality and scope of the themes of this symposium.<br /><br />During the symposium, the role and contributions of this academic platform to novel materials and their synthesis are well realized by the participants and sponsors. The regular on-going schedule of this symposium in October is strongly recommended by the advisory board and adopted by the organization committee.<br /><br /><i>Yuping Wu and Jimin Xie</i><br />Conference Editors<br /><br />1. Y. P. Wu. <i>Pure Appl. Chem.<i> <b>78</b> (10), iii-iv (2006).<br /></div>

Quartzite sculptures are considered some of the most impressive and informative archaeological remains which have been found in the most of Egyptian archaeological sites. Regrettably, quartzite sculptures suffer from many deterioration aspects such as granular disintegration, scaling, cracking, efflorescence, soiling, microbiological colonization. Water is the main aggressive deterioration factor of stones and stone-based monuments, as in addition to its direct role in deterioration mechanisms, it plays as a catalyst in the physicochemical and microbiological deterioration processes.During the last two decades, polymer nanocomposites have widely been applied in the field of cultural heritage conservation due to their unique physical and chemical characteristics. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are among the most important semiconductive nanomaterials that have been applied in the fabrication of nanocomposites. They have been demonstrated to improve the physicochemical and mechanical properties of polymers. In addition, zinc oxide nanoparticles were mixed with polymers in order to fabricate superhydrophobic and self-cleaning protective materials.The aim of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of zinc oxide nanocomposites, in order to select the best of them for the consolidation and protection of a colossal quartzite statue of Ramesses II. The properties of the treated quartzite samples were comparatively examined by colourimetric measurements, static water contact angle, compressive strength, and scanning electron microscope.

Fiber electronics, such as those produced by the electrospinning technique, have an extensive range of applications including electrode surfaces for batteries and sensors, energy storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, antistatic coatings, catalysts, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and smart textiles. New composite materials and blends from conductive–semiconductive polymers (C-SPs) offer high surface area-to-volume ratios with electrical tunability, making them suitable for use in fields including electronics, biofiltration, tissue engineering, biosensors, and “green polymers”. These materials and structures show great potential for embedded-electronics tissue engineering, active drug delivery, and smart biosensing due to their electronic transport behavior and mechanical flexibility with effective biocompatibility. Doping, processing methods, and morphologies can significantly impact the properties and performance of C-SPs and their composites. This review provides an overview of the current literature on the processing of C-SPs as nanomaterials and nanofibrous structures, mainly emphasizing the electroactive properties that make these structures suitable for various applications.

Flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG) are widely applied to harvest sustainable energy from multiple energy sources. The rational and simple design of PENG have great potential in soft electronics. Here we design a highly flexible PENG using the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its copolymer, polyvinylidene hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) with two nanoarchitectures of semiconducting metal oxides, TiO2 and ZnO. The nanotubes of TiO2 and nanoflowers of ZnO are embedded in these different polymeric media by solvent mixing, and new fiber mats are generated by coaxial electrospinning technique. This process aligns the dipoles of polymers and nanomaterials, which is normally a pre-requisite for higher piezo potential. With excellent mechanical strength and flexibility, the tailored lightweight fiber mats are capable of producing good output voltage (a maximum of 14 V) during different mechanical vibrations at various frequencies and in response to human motions. The hybrid nanocomposite PENG is durable and inexpensive and has possible applications in wearable electronics.

An ultrathin nano photodiode array fabricated in a flexible substrate can be an ideal therapeutic replacement for degenerated photoreceptor cells damaged by Age-related Macula Degeneration (AMD) and Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), such as retinal infections. Silicon-based photodiode arrays have been attempted as artificial retinas. Considering the difficulties caused by hard silicon subretinal implants, researchers have diverted their attention towards organic photovoltaic cells-based subretinal implants. Indium-Tin Oxide (ITO) has been a favorite choice as an anode electrode. A mix of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyleste (P3HT: PCBM) has been utilized as an active layer in such nanomaterial-based subretinal implants. Though encouraging results have been obtained during the trial of such retinal implants, the need to replace ITO with a suitable transparent conductive electrode will be a suitable substitute. Further, conjugated polymers have been used as active layers in such photodiodes and have shown delamination in the retinal space over time despite their biocompatibility. This research attempted to fabricate and characterize Bulk Hetero Junction (BHJ) based Nano Photo Diode (NPD) utilizing Graphene–polyethylene terephthalate (G–PET)/semiconducting Single-Wall Carbon Nano Tubes (s-SWCNT): fullerene (C60) blend/aluminium (Al) structure to determine the issues in the development of subretinal prosthesis. An effective design approach adopted in this analysis has resulted in developing an NPD with an Efficiency of 10.1% in a non-ITO-driven NPD structure. Additionally, the results show that the efficiency can be further improved by increasing active layer thickness.

In 2005 at the centennial anniversary of Fudan University, Shanghai, China, a new conference venue began [1]. This venue, the International Conference on Novel Materials and Synthesis (NMS) together with the International Symposium on Fine Chemistry and Functional Polymers (FCFP), is targeted to provide high-level academic exchange for both local and international chemists, materialists, physicists, engineers, and technologists in the fields of materials and synthesis. The year 2011 was the International Year of Chemistry, and it is well known that chemistry is an essential creative science for the sustainable development of humankind. As a result, the joint NMSVII/ FCFP-XXI event (www.nms-iupac.org), held in Shanghai, China, 16-21 October 2011, was more important than ever. The Conference received much support from IUPAC, The National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, the Science and Technology Commission of the Shanghai Municipality, and the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB209700), and was carried out under the auspices of IUPAC. The Conference was attended by 430 participants from 40 countries and areas. The scientific program comprised 10 plenary lectures, 56 keynote lectures, 206 invited lectures, and 94 posters. Detailed, active, and lively discussions were covered by the following themes: - innovative chiral and achiral compounds - innovative bio- and biobased materials and composites - innovative polymers such as conducting, semiconducting ones, supramolecular (supermolecular, dynamers) - innovative energy systems including fuel cells, solar cells, lithium batteries, and supercapacitors - innovative nanomaterials such as 1D, 2D, and 3D nanomaterials - new ceramic materials such as superconductors, electronic, diaelectronic, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, optoelectric, and magnetic materials - new metallic materials including alloys - other novel materials including drugs, perfumes, agricultural chemicals, and photosensitive materials, displaying materials and fine ceramics; and - neutron scattering and its application in fundamental and applied research on new materials. The program served to emphasize that novel materials and their preparation are dynamic research areas that are attracting growing interest from researchers, engineers, industries, and policy-makers. Furthermore, novel materials continue to find applications that serve the needs and interests of producers and consumers. A selection of 13 papers based on specially invited presentations at NMSVII/ FCFP-XXI is published in this issue to demonstrate the quality and scope of the themes of this Conference. During the Conference, the role and contributions of this high-level academic platform to novel materials and their synthesis are well realized by the participants, sponsors, and exhibitors. In addition, the organization committee established the Distinguished Award 2011 for Novel Materials and their Synthesis along with IUPAC; Prof. Guoxiu Wang (Australia), Dr. Dr. Fusayoshi Masuda (Japan), Prof. Dr. André-Jean Attias (France), and Prof. Bao-Lian Su (Belgium) received the award for their excellent work. The IUPAC Prof. Jiang Novel Materials Youth Prize was awarded to two winners, Prof. Zhibo Li (China) and Dr. Jr-Hau He (Taiwan, China), for the first time. This will next be awarded in 2013. Three winners for the IUPAC Poster Prize were also awarded. Yuping Wu, Shiyou Guan, and Guoxiu Wang Conference Editors [1] Y. P. Wu. Pure Appl. Chem. 78 (10), iii (2006).

Quantum dots are tiny (∼5 nm) nanoparticles with outstanding electronic, optical, luminescence, and semiconducting properties. Polymer dots are important and unique quantum dots. Polymer dots have been designed and used for advanced hybrid nanomaterials and applications. This review article deliberates scientific trials on design, fabrication, characteristics, and technical solicitations of polymer dot-based nanomaterials. Polymer dots are made from both conducting and non-conducting polymers with appropriate processing techniques. Polymer dots have facile surface modification tendencies. Functional polymer dots have an important use in hybrid/nanocomposite materials. Consequently, polymer dots have been combined with other quantum dots and nanoparticles to form advanced hybrid nanomaterials. Polymer dot-based nanomaterials have unique morphology, conductivity, electrochemical, luminescence, and sensing features. Subsequently, many applications are seen for polymer dot nanomaterials as solar cell, supercapacitor, electronics, probes, gas sensor, biosensor, bioimaging, and drug delivery.

AbstractThe hybrid assembly of inorganic nanomaterials upon chemical and biological bonding has occupied attentions to yield manifold optical and electromagnetic properties. Nanomaterials that can be virtually conjugated with any other nanomaterials by ligand-receptor / antigen-antibody reactions, polymer tethering, and DNA hybridization are of importance for fundamental comprehension of electronic process in nano-scale regime as well as for development of advanced sensing and imaging devices. Semiconducting nanoparticles(NPs)/ nanowires(NWs) like CdTe that have compatibly narrow range of strong photoluminescence (PL) with broad range of absorbance band stand in the spotlight of imaging and sensing materials. Optical effects in noble metallic NPs such as Au and Ag have been worth noticing due to localized surface plasmons. These optical modes lead to highly localized electromagnetic fields outside the particles that take advantage of the development of novel system such as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and highly compacted optoelectronic devices and sensors. In particular, it is known that metallic NPs has stronger plasmon field than the surface of bulky metals, leading to potent interactions to adjacent materials in secured conjugated superstructures that induce non-linear optical properties. In this report, we review on a novel biological / polymeric inspired hybrid superstructures between semiconducting CdTe nanowires and Au or Ag nanoparticles. This superstructure demonstrates remarkable optical effects i.e., PL en-hancement of NWs, sensing application for temperature and solvents stemming from SERS-like collective interactions of NPs and NWs., and light harvest from Förster resonance energy tra-nsfer (FRET).

Significant scientific efforts have been made to mimic and potentially supersede the mammalian nose using artificial noses based on arrays of individual cross-sensitive gas sensors over the past couple decades. To this end, thousands of research articles have been published regarding the design of gas sensor arrays to function as artificial noses. Nanoengineered materials possessing high surface area for enhanced reaction kinetics and uniquely tunable optical, electronic, and optoelectronic properties have been extensively used as gas sensing materials in single gas sensors and sensor arrays. Therefore, nanoengineered materials address some of the shortcomings in sensitivity and selectivity inherent in microscale and macroscale materials for chemical sensors. In this article, the fundamental gas sensing mechanisms are briefly reviewed for each material class and sensing modality (electrical, optical, optoelectronic), followed by a survey and review of the various strategies for engineering or functionalizing these nanomaterials to improve their gas sensing selectivity, sensitivity and other measures of gas sensing performance. Specifically, one major focus of this review is on nanoscale materials and nanoengineering approaches for semiconducting metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenides, carbonaceous nanomaterials, conducting polymers, and others as used in single gas sensors or sensor arrays for electrical sensing modality. Additionally, this review discusses the various nano-enabled techniques and materials of optical gas detection modality, including photonic crystals, surface plasmonic sensing, and nanoscale waveguides. Strategies for improving or tuning the sensitivity and selectivity of materials toward different gases are given priority due to the importance of having cross-sensitivity and selectivity toward various analytes in designing an effective artificial nose. Furthermore, optoelectrical sensing, which has to date not served as a common sensing modality, is also reviewed to highlight potential research directions. We close with some perspective on the future development of artificial noses which utilize optical and electrical sensing modalities, with additional focus on the less researched optoelectronic sensing modality.