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1
Nivre, Joakim. "Situations, meaning, and communication a situation theoretic approach to meaning in language and communication /". Göteborg, Sweden : Dept. of Linguistics, University of Göteborg, 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/31171651.html.
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Neil, Richard L. "Support for Pointer Semantics in a Generative Communication Framework". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26275.
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The Generative Communication (GC) paradigm was introduced in the early 1980s in the form of the Linda coordination and communication language (Gelernter & Bernstein, 1982). The goal of the language was to provide an elegant, intuitive alternative to the state-of-the-art in parallel and distributed processing languages at that time, namely remote procedure calls; message passing systems; and shared memory systems (Gelernter, 1985). Despite the longevity of the Linda coordination language and the GC paradigm, in general, the literature is devoid of meaningful research into the construction and manipulation of dynamic, pointer-based data structures within the context of the GC paradigm. This document motivates the need for such data structures in GC. In addition, this document explores the reasons for the lack literature regarding dynamic pointer-based data structures in GC. Finally, we develop solutions to address the lack of support, within the GC paradigm, for such data structures.Ph. D.
3
Elf, Stefan. "Application semantics for cost-effective media distribution". Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Datavetenskap, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-25711.
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Public use of the Internet increases as wideband connections become pervasive and applications suitable for media distribution grow popular. Group collaboration applications have attracted interest during recent years. Wireless connectivity and business applications also furthers a need for reliable communication protocols. Multicast is a driving force for new applications involving one-to-many as well as many-to-many user scenarios like lecturing, discussions, and collaborative work. In some applications guaranteed delivery of every packet is not crucial, while in other this is a requirement. Error handling in reliable protocols can present a substantial challenge already in a homogeneous environment. Including a plethora of end-user terminal types with widely varying resources it becomes even more challenging. Protocols and applications must therefore be able to handle receiver and network link heterogeneity. The thesis addresses some of the challenges facing the applications in this field, related to multicast and unicast alike. Although the obstacles each of them must overcome may differ, there are similarities with regards to possible solutions with respect to error handling or resource allocation. Error handling protocols are proactive or reactive. Proactive protocols transmit redundant information along with the original information, enabling the receivers to repair lost packets without feedback to the sender. Reactive protocols rely either on positive or negative feedback from the receivers in order to establish reliability. According to a definition of semantic reliability the reliability concept can be interpreted in terms of application semantics. It is proposed to view reliable multicast as a special case of semantically reliable multicast and to implement a dynamically configurable transport layer with an error-handling rule set that can be configured from the application or even from the sender in- session. It is also proposed to make use of the application's knowledge of specific semantics to improve on the recovery of lost packets, congestion handling, or resource allocation. The thesis also presents a bandwidth-sharing scheme for video in group collaboration using application semantics in the form of user hints. The presence of such events is made available to all senders via message passing between session members. As information relating to a user's interest in another user is conveyed, the sender may increase its use of resources on the expense of other senders. A scheme is proposed and a prototype implementation and experimental results are presented.Godkänd; 2003; 20060918 (ysko)
4
Gruppioni, Carlotta. "Comparing semantics based and not semantics based Information Flow Processing in a case of drone-driven agricultural irrigation". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
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Device connessi come termostati intelligenti e sistemi d’illuminazione automatica stanno entrando nelle case, ma un’altra grande opportunità per l’Internet of Things si trova all’aperto, nel settore agricolo.
L’obiettivo di questo lavoro di tesi è studiare il modo migliore di implementare l’infrastruttura di comunicazione Machine-to-Machine (M2M) per il progetto Agri-Eagle sviluppato alla VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland.
In particolare, questo lavoro si focalizza sulla comunicazione M2M che segue il modello publish/subscribe, e l’obiettivo è analizzare come Smart-M3 e MQTT con JSON-LD sono in grado di soddisfare i requisiti del sistema Agri-Eagle. Per valutare la fattibilità di questi due soluzioni, sono state fatte implementazioni di riferimento dell'infrastruttura di comunicazione M2M con entrambe le tecnologie. Queste implementazioni di riferimento sono state poi valutate nelle seguenti aree: prestazioni e scalabilità, facilità di sviluppo e progettazione sforzi, l'interoperabilità, espressività ed estensibilità.
Grazie all’implementazione in due fasi differenti, basate sui differenti requisiti del progetto, e l'analisi e test degli aspetti sopra citati, l'autore è stato in grado di capire che sia Smart-M3 e MQTT con JSON-LD soddisfano i requisiti del progetto.
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Greenhall, Owen F. R. "The semantics/pragmatics distinction : a defence of Grice". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:00db9bdd-143d-4900-b564-3af9d002f1ea.
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The historical development of Morris’ tripartite distinction between syntax, semantics and pragmatics does not follow a smooth path. Examining definitions of the terms ‘semantic’ and ‘pragmatic’ and the phenomena they have been used to describe, provides insight into alternative approaches to the semantics/pragmatics distinction. Paul Grice’s work receives particular attention and taxonomy of philosophical positions, roughly divisible into content minimalist and maximalist groups, is set up. Grice’s often neglected theory of conventional implicature is defended from objections, various tests for the presence of conventional implicature are assessed and the linguistic properties of conventional implicature defined. Once rehabilitated, the theoretical utility of conventional implicature is demonstrated via a case study of the semantic import of the gender and number of pronouns in English. The better-known theory of conversational implicature is also examined and refined. New linguistic tests for such implicatures are devised and the refined theory is applied to scalar terms. A pragmatic approach to scalar implicatures is proposed and shown to fare better than alternatives presented by Uli Sauerland, Stephen Levinson and Gennaro Chierchia. With the details of the theory conversational implicature established, the use made of Grice’s tool in the work of several philosophers is critically evaluated. Kent Bach’s minimalist approach to quantifier domain restriction is examined and criticised. Also, the linguistic evidence for semantic minimalism provided by Herman Cappelen and Ernie Lepore is found wanting. Finally, a content maximalist approach to quantifier domain restriction is proposed. The approach differs from other context maximalist theories, such as Jason Stanley’s, in relying on semantically unarticulated constituents. Stanley’s arguments against such theories are examined. Further applications of the approach are briefly surveyed.
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Csinger, Andrew. "Implementing a normative theory of communication in a framework for default reasoning". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28954.
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This thesis presents a framework for inter-agent communication, represented
and partially implemented with default reasoning. I focus on the limited goal of determining the meaning for a Hearer-agent of an utterance ω by a Speaker-agent, in terms of the beliefs of the interlocutors.
This meaning is generally more than just the explicit propositional contents of ω, and more than just the Speaker's goal to convey her belief that ω.
One way of determining this meaning is to let the Hearer take stock of the implicit components of the Speaker's utterances. Among the implicit components of the meaning of ω, I show in particular how to derive certain of its presuppositions with a set of default schemata using a framework for default reasoning.
More information can be extracted from the communications channel
between interlocutors by adopting a normative model of inter-agent communication, and using this model to explain or 'make sense' of the Speaker's utterances. I construct such a model expressed in terms of a set of default principles of communication using the same framework for default reasoning.
The task of deriving the meaning of an utterance is similar to the job required of a user-interface, where the user is the Speaker-agent, and the interface itself is the Hearer-agent. The goal of a user-interface as Hearer is to make maximal use of the data moving along the communications channel between user and application.
The result is an integrated theory of normative, inter-agent communications
expressed within an ontologically and logically minimal framework.
This work demonstrates the development and application of a methodology for the use of default reasoning. The implementation of the theory is also presented, along with a discussion of its applicability
to practical user-interfacing. A view emerges of user-modelling as a component of a user-interface.Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate
7
DeRemer, Mary. "Students' use of semantic structure in revising their writing". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61994.
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Mazzocconi, Chiara. "Laughter in interaction : semantics, pragmatics, and child development". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/MAZZOCCONI_Chiara_va2.pdf.
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Le rire est une vocalisation universelle à travers les cultures et les langues. Il est omniprésent dans nos dialogues et utilisé pour un large éventail de fonctions. Le rire a été étudié sous plusieurs angles, mais les classifications proposées sont difficiles à intégrer dans un même système. Malgré le fait qu’il soit crucial dans nos interactions quotidiennes, le rire en conversation a reçu peu d’attention et les études sur la pragmatique du rire en interaction, ses corrélats neuronaux perceptuels et son développement chez l’enfant sont rares. Dans cette thèse, est proposé un nouveau cadre pour l'analyse du rire, fondé sur l'hypothèse cruciale que le rire a un contenu propositionnel, plaidant pour la nécessité de distinguer différentes couches d'analyse, tout comme dans l'étude de la parole: forme, positionnement, sémantique et pragmatique. Une représentation formelle de la signification du rire est proposée et une étude de corpus multilingue (français, chinois et anglais) est menée afin d’approfondir notre compréhension de l’utilisation du rire dans les conversations entre adultes. Des études préliminaires sont menées sur la viabilité d'un mappage forme-fonction du rire basée sur ses caractéristiques acoustiques, ainsi que sur les corrélats neuronaux impliqués dans la perception du rire qui servent différentes fonctions dans un dialogue naturel. Nos résultats donnent lieu à de nouvelles généralisations sur le placement, l’alignement, la sémantique et les fonctions du rire, soulignant le haute niveau des compétences pragmatiques impliquées dans sa production et sa perception. Le développement de l'utilisation sémantique et pragmatique du rire est observé dans une étude de corpus longitudinale de 4 dyades mère-enfant de l’age de 12 à 36 mois, locuteurs d’anglais américain. Les résultats montrent que l'utilisation du rire subit un développement important à chaque niveau analysé et que le rire peut être un indicateur précoce du développement cognitif, communicatif et socialLaughter is a social vocalization universal across cultures and languages. It is ubiquitous in our dialogues and able to serve a wide range of functions. Laughter has been studied from several perspectives, but the classifications proposed are hard to integrate. Despite being crucial in our daily interaction, relatively little attention has been devoted to the study of laughter in conversation, attempting to model its sophisticated pragmatic use, neuro-correlates in perception and development in children. In the current thesis a new comprehensive framework for laughter analysis is proposed, crucially grounded in the assumption that laughter has propositional content, arguing for the need to distinguish different layers of analysis, similarly to the study of speech: form, positioning, semantics and pragmatics. A formal representation of laughter meaning is proposed and a multilingual corpus study (French, Chinese and English) is conducted in order to test the proposed framework and to deepen our understanding of laughter use in adult conversation. Preliminary investigations are conducted on the viability of a laughter form-function mapping based on acoustic features and on the neuro-correlates involved in the perception of laughter serving different functions in natural dialogue. Our results give rise to novel generalizations about the placement, alignment, semantics and function of laughter, stressing the high pragmatic skills involved in its production and perception. The development of the semantic and pragmatic use of laughter is observed in a longitudinal corpus study of 4 American-English child-mother pairs from 12 to 36 months of age. Results show that laughter use undergoes important development at each level analysed, which complies with what could be hypothesised on the base of phylogenetic data, and that laughter can be an effective means to track cognitive/communicative development, and potential difficulties or delays at a very early stage
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Makovhololo, Phathutshedzo. "The semantics of language translation using mobile systems in South African healthcare". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2771.
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Thesis (DPhil (Informatics))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.As in many parts of the world, the need for healthcare services is increasing rapidly in South Africa. Owing to many official languages in the country, health service delivery is continuously challenged by spoken language and semantics. The challenges result to poor health services in many areas of the country. Thus, this study was undertaken with the aim: to develop a framework which can be used to guide the selection and implementation of mobile systems in the translation of language semantics for improved healthcare service delivery in South Africa. For this purpose, the study was based on one significant research question: How can the challenge(s) of semantics and language translation in South African healthcare delivery be addressed using mobile systems? In achieving the aim of the study, a qualitative study was conducted using the semi-strtructured interviews to collect the data. The analysis of the data was carried out using the hermeneutic approach within the interpretative paradigm, which was guided by two theories, actor network theory (ANT) and diffusion of innovation (DOI). The ANT was used to focus on the interaction and relationship between human and non-human actors within a heterogeneous networks, in the activities of healthcare. The DOI was employed to examine how mobiles systems can be diffused, in addressing the challenges and barriers which the health facilities encounter from language perspective. The case study approach was followed, based on three cases, two healthcare organisations, and a community in the northern part of South Africa were used in the study. Based on the analysis of the data, the influencing factors were found, and interpreted. The interpretation helps gain deeper understanding of the challenges, from which a framework (see Figure 6.5 in Chapter 6) was developed. From an understanding of the factors that influence language semantics, and its translaton by using mobile systems, challenges in the South African healthcare can be reduced, and quality improved. The way in which the theories were used brought a fresh perspective to the study. In practice, the framework can be used by both healthcare practitioners and ICT specialists to guide the selection, use and support of mobile systems for the translation of language semantics in South Africa. The complementary use of ANT and DOI in the study contributes methodologically.
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Whitsett, Mark D. "Semantic coherence theological conceptualization in Word of God communication, a discovery process in a confirmation class setting /". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Liu, Chao. "Efficient Publish/Subscribe System over Mobile Ad-Hoc Network". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26485.
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Information dissemination is an important issue for mobile ad-hoc communities. This issue is very challenging due to the dynamic and fragile nature of the mobile ad-hoc networks, in which participants have limited computing resources and battery, intermittent network connections, and mobile tasks. To address the aforementioned issue, this thesis proposes an efficient semantics-based publish/subscribe strategy. In our proposed publish/subscribe system, distributed mobile participants are organized into clusters based on their location proximity. A compact semantics-based indexing scheme is provided to guide information flow. Intra- and inter- cluster routings are proposed to assist efficient propagation of event notifications. A comprehensive set of simulation experiments prove the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
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Aïssaoui, François. "Autonomic Approach based on Semantics and Checkpointing for IoT System Management". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10061/document.
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Parker, Sven. "Insert Title Here : Investigating the communication of placeholders and placeholder-characters in code examples in the programming trade". Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH. Forskningsmiljö Datavetenskap och informatik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36738.
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To improve the communication between programming instructors and learners; placeholders, placeholder-characters and placeholder characteristics are investigated via two focus groups. One focus group with instructors, the other with learners. The combined and analyzed results show that placeholder-characters can confuse more than they help, more often for programming beginners. The semantics of a placeholder is the most crucial part of understanding its purpose and strengthens its characteristics. A placeholder using a different letter case from the surrounding code is easier to differentiate and find in a block of code.Summary The study’s purpose is: To find out if digital characters could improve the communication between programming instructors and learners by standardizing the implication “placeholder” or “replace this”. What characteristics could be used to communicate placeholders? To answer the purpose, it has been broken down into two research questions. What opinions do programming instructors and learners have about using placeholder-characters to improve the communication between them? What characteristics could a placeholder have to better communicate its purpose? To answer the research questions, two focus groups were held. One with instructors and one with learners. They are then asked to discuss placeholders, placeholder- characters and their characteristics. Later transcribed, categorized and analyzed into findings that are discussed and concluded upon. The participants mostly believed that placeholder-characters can confuse more than they are able to help, more often the case for beginners. That the placeholder’s semantics of the label is crucial for understanding the purpose of it. Using a different letter-casing for placeholders could make it easier to find and understand that it deviates from the rest of the code in the concerned code example, preferably “SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE”. A placeholder-character is considered viable to use as a global standard if it complies with the following five requirements: It is universally used (A standard). Available easily (found on any keyboard). Shows what and what not to replace (keep quotation marks). Is understood by programming-software (displayed and compiled correctly). Not used for other purposes in coding already (has another implication). Otherwise it is not considered supposable for implementation.
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Sbardolini, Giorgio. "From Language to Thought: On the Logical Foundations of Semantic Theory". The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu155307880402531.
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Suprunova, Miliena, i Kseniia Kugai. "Interdisciplinary approach: semiotics and art". Thesis, Яроченко Я. В, 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19152.
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The work is devoted to semiotics and art as two sciences guided by symbolism and signs. Semiotics studies symbols, signs and myths, which can explain works of art to ordinary viewers as well as creative people. Thus, artists can be guided in the creation of works of art to accurately convey their ideas and convey the feelings and imagery of their thinking. The interdisciplinarity of these sciences provides an opportunity to better communicate, exchange ideas and research the sciences.Робота присвячена семіотиці та мистецтву як двом наукам, що керуються символікою та знаками. Семіотика вивчає символи, знаки та міфи, що може пояснити мистецькі твори звичайним глядачам, а також творчим людям. Тим самим митці можуть керуватись при створенні художніх творів аби достатньо точно донести свій задум та передати почуття і образність свого мислення. Міждисциплінарність цих наук дає можливість краще комунікувати, обмінюватись думками та досліджувати науки.
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Jingzhi, Guo, i n/a. "Integrating Ad Hoc Electronic Product Catalogues Through Collaborative Maintenance of Semantic Consistency". Griffith University. School of Computing and Information Technology, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050824.125257.
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Existing electronic markets are fragmented in the sense that each is an information island. The interoperation of product information between them is difficult especially in semantics communication. This prevents the formation of global electronic markets and the lowering distribution cost through market globalisation. The traditional and contemporary ap-proaches of product standardisation and ontology mediation could solve the problem only if all markets could adopt the same product standards, or mediation systems could mediate all heterogeneous standards and markets without semantic conflicts. However, problems generally exist in adopting a universal standard or mediating all markets through existing mediation systems. A reflection of the issue is that there are millions of ad hoc electronic product catalogues (EPCs) situated in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), where each EPC is a semantic community, often not aware of standards and mediation systems due to its ad hoc nature. This thesis focuses on the semantic integration of autonomous ad hoc EPCs, which are semantically inconsistent with each other. Firstly, a novel Collaborative Concept Exchange (CONEX) approach is developed for the se-mantic integration of ad hoc EPCs. Using this approach, a PRODUCT MAP is first built based on the theories of semiotic analysis and market segmentation. It functions as an analytical framework to articulate ad hoc EPCs, and answers the questions: what are the general char-acteristics of ad hoc EPCs, what are their heterogeneous relations, and how they are unevenly distributed in fragmented electronic markets. Within this framework, an abstract representa-tion of ad hoc EPCs is proposed using the articulated elements that are simple and manipu-lable. Major contributions of this framework include: the models of the abstract representa-tion of ad hoc EPCs on their structures, concepts and contexts; the semantic integration conditions of heterogeneous ad hoc EPCs; and a ConexNet of market network topology that captures the characteristics of ad hoc EPCs that are unevenly distributed in fragmented elec-tronic markets. Secondly, a three-layer CONEX information model is proposed to integrate ad hoc EPCs based on the PRODUCT MAP, which provides a trichotomy of systems, designers and users. The strategy behind the model is the separation of structure from concept and context, and hence they can be independently managed to resolve semantic conflicts between ad hoc EPCs. The major contributions of this model include the CONEX framework, collaboration mechanism and context transformation. The CONEX framework presents a formal characteri-sation and reconstruction of the structures of ad hoc EPCs based on a CONEX structure model and a CONEX grammar. It provides a formal specification for representing ad hoc EPCs including concept structure, classifier structure and mapping structure. The semantic conflicts in designing the concepts of ad hoc EPCs are resolved by a collaboration mecha-nism based on a semantic consistency model. The collaboration mechanism includes three key procedures: replicating unique concept identifiers and translating concept definitions be-tween common concepts of common EPCs; localising common concepts to local EPCs; and globalising local concepts to common EPCs. Users in the CONEX information model are not involved in any integration activities. They are provided with automatic and accurate concept exchange services through a mechanism of context transformation, which is designed based on an algorithm called Heterogeneous Concept Transformation. The separate integration of structures, concepts and contexts of ad hoc EPCs guarantees that the requirements of flexi-bility, evolvability and exactness of semantic integration have been met. Thirdly, the feasibility and features of the Collaborative Concept Exchange approach have been demonstrated in a prototype implementation that provides the services of collaborative concept design for semantic conflict resolution, and heterogeneous concept transformation for accurate and automatic concept exchange between ad hoc EPCs. A key contribution in the implementation level is the independent representation of the CONEX framework called XML PRODUCT MAP (XPM). XPM provides a feature of platform independence by con-forming to the standards of W3C XML, Simple Object Access Protocol and Web Services Description Language in both document specification and document transport. It is also a demonstration that the generic CONEX structure model and CONEX grammar can be imple-mented in any specific language such as XML for the particular scenarios of semantic integra-tion. With the aid of a collection of XPM document templates, two components called Con-cept Collaborator and Concept Transformer of the CONEX prototype are implemented to demonstrate how concepts are collaboratively designed to resolve semantic conflicts and how concepts are automatically and accurately exchanged between autonomous, heterogeneous and distributed ad hoc EPCs.
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Guo, Jingzhi. "Integrating Ad Hoc Electronic Product Catalogues Through Collaborative Maintenance of Semantic Consistency". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365489.
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Existing electronic markets are fragmented in the sense that each is an information island. The interoperation of product information between them is difficult especially in semantics communication. This prevents the formation of global electronic markets and the lowering distribution cost through market globalisation. The traditional and contemporary ap-proaches of product standardisation and ontology mediation could solve the problem only if all markets could adopt the same product standards, or mediation systems could mediate all heterogeneous standards and markets without semantic conflicts. However, problems generally exist in adopting a universal standard or mediating all markets through existing mediation systems. A reflection of the issue is that there are millions of ad hoc electronic product catalogues (EPCs) situated in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), where each EPC is a semantic community, often not aware of standards and mediation systems due to its ad hoc nature. This thesis focuses on the semantic integration of autonomous ad hoc EPCs, which are semantically inconsistent with each other. Firstly, a novel Collaborative Concept Exchange (CONEX) approach is developed for the se-mantic integration of ad hoc EPCs. Using this approach, a PRODUCT MAP is first built based on the theories of semiotic analysis and market segmentation. It functions as an analytical framework to articulate ad hoc EPCs, and answers the questions: what are the general char-acteristics of ad hoc EPCs, what are their heterogeneous relations, and how they are unevenly distributed in fragmented electronic markets. Within this framework, an abstract representa-tion of ad hoc EPCs is proposed using the articulated elements that are simple and manipu-lable. Major contributions of this framework include: the models of the abstract representa-tion of ad hoc EPCs on their structures, concepts and contexts; the semantic integration conditions of heterogeneous ad hoc EPCs; and a ConexNet of market network topology that captures the characteristics of ad hoc EPCs that are unevenly distributed in fragmented elec-tronic markets. Secondly, a three-layer CONEX information model is proposed to integrate ad hoc EPCs based on the PRODUCT MAP, which provides a trichotomy of systems, designers and users. The strategy behind the model is the separation of structure from concept and context, and hence they can be independently managed to resolve semantic conflicts between ad hoc EPCs. The major contributions of this model include the CONEX framework, collaboration mechanism and context transformation. The CONEX framework presents a formal characteri-sation and reconstruction of the structures of ad hoc EPCs based on a CONEX structure model and a CONEX grammar. It provides a formal specification for representing ad hoc EPCs including concept structure, classifier structure and mapping structure. The semantic conflicts in designing the concepts of ad hoc EPCs are resolved by a collaboration mecha-nism based on a semantic consistency model. The collaboration mechanism includes three key procedures: replicating unique concept identifiers and translating concept definitions be-tween common concepts of common EPCs; localising common concepts to local EPCs; and globalising local concepts to common EPCs. Users in the CONEX information model are not involved in any integration activities. They are provided with automatic and accurate concept exchange services through a mechanism of context transformation, which is designed based on an algorithm called Heterogeneous Concept Transformation. The separate integration of structures, concepts and contexts of ad hoc EPCs guarantees that the requirements of flexi-bility, evolvability and exactness of semantic integration have been met. Thirdly, the feasibility and features of the Collaborative Concept Exchange approach have been demonstrated in a prototype implementation that provides the services of collaborative concept design for semantic conflict resolution, and heterogeneous concept transformation for accurate and automatic concept exchange between ad hoc EPCs. A key contribution in the implementation level is the independent representation of the CONEX framework called XML PRODUCT MAP (XPM). XPM provides a feature of platform independence by con-forming to the standards of W3C XML, Simple Object Access Protocol and Web Services Description Language in both document specification and document transport. It is also a demonstration that the generic CONEX structure model and CONEX grammar can be imple-mented in any specific language such as XML for the particular scenarios of semantic integra-tion. With the aid of a collection of XPM document templates, two components called Con-cept Collaborator and Concept Transformer of the CONEX prototype are implemented to demonstrate how concepts are collaboratively designed to resolve semantic conflicts and how concepts are automatically and accurately exchanged between autonomous, heterogeneous and distributed ad hoc EPCs.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Computing and Information Technology
Full Text
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Hansen, Laurie Anne. "The N400 Event-Related Potential in Children Across Sentence Type and Ear Condition". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2010. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3496.pdf.
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Benton, Hillary Ann. "Brain Imaging of Event Related Potentials in Children with Language Impairment". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3614.
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Event related potentials (ERPs) may provide specific information about how particular aspects of language are processed by the brain over time. This study investigated the electrophysiology of language processing in two children with language impairment (LI) when compared to five typically developing children. The N400, P600, and the early left anterior negativity (ELAN) were analyzed after participants listened to linguistically correct, syntactically incorrect, and semantically incorrect sentences. Participants were instructed to indicate whether the sentences were correct or incorrect. Latency and amplitude of the ERP components were compared between the two groups of participants and sentence types. Results from the current study concerning the typically developing children suggest that, at least by eight years of age, typically developing children may process linguistic information similarly to adults with regard to the areas of the brain that are activated during the processing of linguistic stimuli. When comparing results from participants with LI and their typically developing counterparts, results indicate that children with LI exhibit slower real-time language processing than typically developing children. Results also indicate that children with LI require more effort than typically developing children in processing linguistic information as indicated by the amplitude of the N400 and the ELAN. In analyzing the P600 in both groups of participants, results indicate that syntactic processing may be intact in children with LI as well as typical children. Results concerning the N400 and the ELAN were variable between the two participants with LI indicating that children with LI may be heterogeneous even in the presence of similar tasks. Results obtained from the ELAN may also indicate that the ELAN is not fully mature at eight years of age.
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Michiels, Inez. "Who am I today?" TUDpress, 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36714.
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One of the main problems with dementia is a failing communication ability, creating misunderstandings between the experiential and emotional world of the person with dementia and the guidance by the care providers in a neuro clinic or in a residential care facility. Secondly, the emotional heaviness and depression that accompanies the illness is an additional burden for people with dementia and their loved ones. These two aspects: communication failure about the emotional life and the depressing forces of the disease, are addressed in the present design. Who am I today? is a set of badges depicting a range of characters representing emotions. The intention is that persons with dementia express their feelings and state of mind by selecting a suitable badge. Thus making an opening to gain insight into their emotional world in a humorous yet respectful way so care providers can respond better to the experiences of the people suffering from dementia, with well-being as a result.
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Clay, Zanna. "Vocal communication in bonobos (Pan paniscus) : studies in the contexts of feeding and sex". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1842.
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Despite having being discovered nearly 80 years ago, bonobos (Pan paniscus) are still one of the least well understood of the great apes, largely remaining in the shadow of their better known cousins, the chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). This is especially evident in the domain of communication, with bonobo vocal behaviour still a neglected field of study, especially compared to that of chimpanzees. In this thesis, I address this issue by exploring the natural vocal communication of bonobos and its underlying cognition, focusing on the role that vocalisations play during two key contexts, food discovery and sex. In the context of food-discovery, I combine observational and experimental techniques to examine whether bonobos produce and understand vocalisations that convey meaningful information about the quality of food encountered by the caller. Results indicate that bonobos produce an array of vocalisations when finding food, and combine different food-associated calls together into sequences in a way that relates to perceived food quality. In a subsequent playback study, it was demonstrated that receivers are able to extract meaning about perceived food quality by attending to these calls and integrating information across call sequences. In the context of sexual interactions, I examine the acoustic structure of female copulation calls, as well as patterns in call usage, to explore how these signals are used by individuals. My results show that females emit copulation calls in similar ways with both male and female partners, suggesting that these signals have become partly divorced from a function in reproduction, to assume a greater social role. Overall, my results highlight the relevance of studying primate vocalisations to investigate the underlying cognition and suggest that vocalisations are important behavioural tools for bonobos to navigate their social and physical worlds.
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Nilsson, Daniel. "Morpho-semantic processes in the English language used in a Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game : A case study of neologisms in Warhammer Online". Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2626.
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The language used in Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games (or MMORPGs) is a form of computer-mediate communication. It consists of elements from both written and spoken language, but it is a highly abbreviated and innovative form of written language. This study focuses on the English language used in a MMORPG called Warhammer Online. The aim of this study is to identify abbreviations, interpret their meanings and to analyze the word formation processes and semantic changes that are involved in new words. The method used in this study is a qualitative case study of the English language in a MMORPG from a synchronic point of view. The secondary sources used in this study include previous works on morphology and semantics. The material used is based on logs acquired from the game Warhammer Online as a subscribed player. The results presented in this study show new and unique words created by players in Warhammer Online, along with other semantic changes that have taken place. It is concluded that the English written language has not seen such a major change in its entirety before, within one community.
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Kohlrausch, Maristela Maria. "Verbos de elocução: um estudo baseado em frames". Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2009. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2581.
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Este estudo está vinculado a um projeto de pesquisa maior (CHISHMAN, 2007) e tem como objetivo fazer uma investigação semântico-computacional dos verbos de elocução do Português. A abordagem teórica e metodológica utilizada é a Semântica de Frames (Fillmore 1982, 1985), que está inserida na área da Linguística Cognitiva. Sob a perspectiva da Semântica de Frames, foi criada a base de dados FrameNet, que apresenta as possíveis combinações semânticas e sintáticas (valências) de cada palavra, juntamente com cada um dos seus sentidos. Este trabalho aborda os verbos de elocução a partir deste paradigma e nossa escolha se justifica pelo fato destes verbos serem uma classe que expressa uma série de nuances semânticas, como, por exemplo, a subjetividade e a expressão da emoção, permitindo que diferentes perspectivas se voltem para seu estudo. Além da revisão teórica, apresentamos um estudo empírico que compreende a descrição sintático-semântica de dez verbos de elocução. Para a compilação do corpus, valemo-nos dos re
This study is linked to a larger research project (CHISHMAN, 2007) and aims to make a computer-semantic Portuguese lexicon investigation of the communication verbs. The theoretical and methodological approach used is Frame Semantics (Fillmore 1982, 1985), which is inserted in the field of Cognitive Linguistics. In the perspective of Frame Semantics the FrameNet database was created, which presents the possible semantic and syntactic (valences) combination for each word, with each of its senses. This paper presents a proposal for a study of the communication verbs from this paradigm, and this choice is justified because these verbs are a class that expresses a series of semantic nuances, such as the subjectivity and expression of emotion, allowing different perspectives related to its study. Besides the theorical view, we present an empirical study which includes the syntactic-semantic description of ten communication verbs. For the compilation of the corpus, we used Sketch Engine tool. The results showed that
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Juba, Brendan (Brendan Andrew). "Universal semantic communication". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62423.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 325-334).
Is meaningful communication possible between two intelligent parties who share no common language or background? We propose that this problem can be rigorously addressed by explicitly focusing on the goals of the communication. We propose a theoretical framework in which we can address when and to what extent such semantic communication is possible. Our starting point is a mathematical definition of a generic goal for communication, that is pursued by agents of bounded computational complexity. We then model a "lack of common language or background" by considering a class of potential partners for communication; in general, this formalism is rich enough to handle varying degrees of common language and backgrounds, but the complete lack of knowledge is modeled by simply considering the class of all partners with which some agent of similar power could achieve our goal. In this formalism, we will find that for many goals (but not all), communication without any common language or background is possible. We call the strategies for achieving goals without relying on such background universal protocols. The main intermediate notions introduced by our theory are formal notions of feedback that we call sensing. We show that sensing captures the essence of whether or not reliable universal protocols can be constructed in many natural settings of interest: we find that across settings, sensing is almost always sufficient, usually necessary, and generally a useful design principle for the construction of universal protocols. We support this last point by developing a number of examples of protocols for specific goals. Notably, we show that universal delegation of computation from a space-efficient client to a general-purpose server is possible, and we show how a variant of TCP can allow end-users on a packet network to automatically adapt to small changes in the packet format (e.g., changes in IP). The latter example above alludes to our main motivation for considering such problems, which is to develop techniques for modeling and constructing computer systems that do not require that their components strictly adhere to protocols: said differently, we hope to be able to design components that function properly with a sufficiently wide range of other components to permit a rich space of "backwards-compatible" designs for those components. We expect that in the long run, this paradigm will lead to simpler systems because "backwards compatibility" is no longer such a severe constraint, and we expect it to lead to more robust systems, partially because the components should be simpler, and partially because such components are inherently robust to deviations from any fixed protocol. Unfortunately, we find that the techniques for communication under the complete absence of any common background suffer from overhead that is too severe for such practical purposes, so we consider two natural approaches for introducing some assumed common background between components while retaining some nontrivial amount of flexibility. The first approach supposes that the designer of a component has some "belief" about what protocols would be "natural" to use to interact with other components; we show that, given sensing and some sufficient "agreement" between the beliefs of the designers of two components, the components can be made universal with some relatively modest overhead. The second approach supposes that the protocols are taken from some restricted class of functions, and we will see that for certain classes of functions and simple goals, efficient universal protocols can again be constructed from sensing. Actually, we show more: the special case of our model described in the second approach above corresponds precisely to the well-known model of mistake-bounded on-line learning first studied by Barzdirs and Frievalds, and later considered in more depth by Littlestone. This connection provides a reasonably complete picture of the conditions under which we can apply the second approach. Furthermore, it also seems that the first approach is closely related to the problem of designing good user interfaces in Human-Computer Interaction. We conclude by briefly sketching the connection, and suggest that further development of this connection may be a potentially fruitful direction for future work.
by Brendan Juba.
Ph.D.
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Ambinder, Déborah Motta. "Artigos científicos digitais na Web: novas experiências para apresentação, acesso e leitura". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFF, 2012. https://appdesenv.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/352.
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Universidade Federal Fluminense
O padrão de publicação científica da atualidade é o periódico científico eletrônico. Com a chegada da internet e, principalmente, com a chegada das publicações eletrônicas, a humanidade passou a dispor de muita informação ao mesmo tempo, o que ocasionou uma grande “explosão informacional”. Hoje, a informação é produzida em um ritmo que excede as habilidades humanas. É determinante neste cenário, mobilizar o computador para tratar e processar o conteúdo das informações disponíveis no ambiente Web. Mesmo com a facilidade de acesso ao texto completo dos artigos de periódicos científicos, através de bibliotecas digitais, repositórios digitais, o formato utilizado no meio eletrônico ainda é textual legível somente por pessoas, o que impossibilita o seu processamento semântico por programas. As páginas da Web foram construídas com semânticas locais, e este fato, se constitui como o maior obstáculo para integrar seus conteúdos. Pensar em organizar o caos informacional disponível na Web se tornou imperativo para possibilitar novas formas de acesso à informação digital. A Web 2.0 e Web 3.0 (Web Semântica) se configuram como novas propostas para alcance desses objetivos. A Web Semântica propõe incorporar sentido às informações de maneira que as máquinas possam compreender a linguagem humana, ou seja, fornecer estruturas e dar significado ao conteúdo das páginas Web; e a Web 2.0, além de facilitar a comunicação interpessoal e compartilhar informações, se destacando também pela colaboração científica, incentivando os periódicos científicos tradicionais a adotarem ferramentas colaborativas como os blogs em seus websites. Várias experiências estão sendo desenvolvidas atualmente no sentido de utilizar as tecnologias da Web 2.0 e Web Semântica em publicações acadêmicas eletrônicas. A proposta desta pesquisa é identificar projetos e experiências inovadoras de periódicos científicos que utilizam as tecnologias da Web Semântica e Web 2.0 para fornecer acesso direto ao conteúdo semântico dos artigos científicos digitais e ampliar o potencial de compreensão e recuperação do conteúdo semântico e de interação entre autores e leitores de artigos científicos digitais na Web. O desenvolvimento desta pesquisa está fundamentado nas bases da Ciência da Informação, em especial na Comunicação Científica, dando ênfase à evolução do periódico científico como canal privilegiado deste meio de comunicação e na Ciência da Computação, ao que diz respeito às tecnologias da Web Semântica e Web 2.0. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza documental na Web, bibliográfica, aplicada, qualitativa exploratória e descritiva, que utiliza o método comparativo encontrado no estudo das Ciências Sociais, para a exploração dos fenômenos, identificação das características comuns e diferenças existentes nas dezesseis experiências analisadas por este estudo. Dentre os resultados destas análises, constata-se que o tradicional modelo de artigo científico impresso já não atende muitas das novas necessidades dos pesquisadores e não utiliza efetivamente as potencialidades oferecidas pelas novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação para ampliar a comunicação científica. O grande percentual das experiências analisado está voltado para a área da Saúde, o que reflete o aspecto pioneiro da área Biomédica. As experiências propõem um passo adiante para a questão da recuperação e processamento semânticos de conteúdos em ambientes digitais. Ou seja, vão além do modelo do artigo impresso, lido exclusivamente por pessoas utilizando as tecnologias semânticas para que estes possam ser “inteligíveis” também por programas. Existe um uso efetivo de tecnologias da Web 2.0, com vistas a facilitar o relacionamento do pesquisador no ambiente digital, cujas métricas baseadas nestas atividades podem informar medidas mais rápidas de impacto, complementando as métricas tradicionais de citação, esboçando assim, um novo cenário para a cientometria com o uso destas tecnologias.
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Wright, Elizabeth M. "PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONALITY OF PUNCTUATION ON TWITTER". UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/29.
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This work presents an analysis of punctuation use in computer-mediated communication (CMC); in particular, the present study aims to describe the pragmatic functions of nonstandard punctuation on Twitter, providing a corpus-driven overview of the distribution and frequency of nonstandard punctuation use, and an analysis of sampled tweets at the individual tweet level to estimate noise levels in the overall corpus. A survey was also conducted which aimed to identify user understanding of the affective content of nonstandard punctuation strings and to identify any possible effects of character repetition. Survey results indicate that linguistic content was the strongest indicator of affective understanding, type of punctuation (i.e., ?, !, and combinations thereof) was a weaker indicator of some affective content, and repetition was not found to be significant. The study argues that certain string types, possibly defined by punctuation type and not count, have large indexical fields of pragmatic meaning available to them, which are bounded by context. In light of these observations, the study also proposes distinctions/categories of punctuation strings and their associated pragmatic meanings.
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Abrahamsson, Clara. "Glad fast ändå inte glad : Emojiers betydelser och användning". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37029.
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Emojis are colorful pictorial icons used in day to day conversations via SMS and on plenty of different platforms, available for everyone today, but not yet studied to an extent even though they they are highly ambigous. The aim of this study is to find which semantic meanings emojis can have, if gender or age is a causing factor and if any norm for when and how emojis should be used exists among the users. Through a digital survey uploaded on different platforms and sent to different companies, the results show that misconceptions do happen, and that they happen often. However, gender does not seem to matter to the same extent as age. There is also evidence pointing to the users following some rules when it comes to what emoji should be used when and when no emoji should be used at all.
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Medam, Tiphaine. "Étude de la symétrie et de la sémantique combinatoire chez le babouin de Guinée (Papio papio)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0631.
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Cette thèse explore, chez le babouin de Guinée (Papio papio), deux propriétés fondamentales du langage : la sémantique combinatoire et la symétrie. La compositionnalité (le processus permettant d’interpréter des expressions complexes à partir des significations respectives et de l’organisation syntaxique de leurs composantes) repose sur une sémantique combinatoire, i.e. l’intégration et/ou l’inférence des significations respectives de mots combinés quand leur ordre lui-même n’est pas signifiant. La capacité du babouin à associer des combinaisons de labels (un de forme et un de couleur) et leurs référents respectifs a donc été évaluée dans le cadre d’expériences reproduisant les deux situations auxquelles les enfants acquérant le langage sont confrontés : les sujets étaient entraînés sur certaines combinaisons de labels et testés sur de nouvelles, puis entraînés sur des labels isolés et testés sur leurs combinaisons. Le symbolisme (la capacité des mots à représenter des entités extralinguistiques pouvant ainsi être spatialement et/ou temporellement distantes, voire abstraites) repose sur les capacités à former à la fois des représentations catégorielles des référents d’un mot (i.e., des concepts) et des relations symétriques (i.e., bilatérales) entre les mots et leurs significations. Nous avons donc évalué, chez le babouin, l’influence du traitement catégoriel d’objets visuels sur l’émergence de relations symétriques entre ces objets et des labels arbitraires, puis avons cherché à distinguer, chez le babouin et l’humain, les effets respectifs de deux propriétés des relations symétriques : l’inversion de l’ordre entre les stimuli et la préservation de leur relationThis thesis investigated, in Guinea Baboons (Papio papio), two fundamental characteristics of language: combinatorial semantics and symmetry. Compositionality (the process allowing to interpret complex expressions from the respective meanings and syntactic organization of their components) relies on a combinatorial semantics, i.e. the integration and/or inference of the respective meanings of combined words, when their order itself is not meaningful. Baboons’ ability to associate label combinations (a shape one and a color one) with their respective referents thus was assessed within experiments that mirrored the two situations faced by children acquiring language: subjects were trained on certain label combinations and tested on new ones, then trained on single labels and tested on their combinations. Symbolism (the capacity of words to represent extra-linguistic entities which thus can be spatially and/or temporally distant, if not abstract) relies upon the abilities to form both categorical representations of words referents (i.e., concepts) and symmetrical (i.e., bilateral) relations between words and their meanings. We thus evaluated in baboons the effects of categorical processing of visual objects upon the emergence of symmetrical relations between these objects and arbitrary labels, then attempted to distinguish, in both humans and baboons, the respective influences of the two properties of symmetrical relations: reversal of the stimuli ordering, and preservation of the stimuli relation
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León-Cabrera, Patricia. "Neural signatures of semantic anticipation in sentence comprehension". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673778.
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It has been proposed that the human brain is a proactive processor. Rather than passively receiving information, it is seen as continuously attempting to predict what will happen next. In the domain of language, evidence supports that people predict different linguistic aspects of the sentences they read or hear, such as the meaning of upcoming words. However, the brain mechanisms that sustain the formulation of these predictions and the subsequent generation of semantic expectations during comprehension remain largely unknown.
The current dissertation investigated neural correlates associated with anticipatory processing during sentence comprehension throughout four electrophysiological (EEG) studies. To this end, a novel experimental paradigm was designed, which allowed to capture two theoretically distinct temporal phases in from the lens of predictive processing: the anticipatory and the processing phase of (un)predicted words. The first three studies focused on exploring the mechanisms involved in the anticipatory phase in healthy young adult population. The first study described signatures of anticipatory processing associated with semantic prediction in speech comprehension. Specifically, in the interval between the context and the final word of a sentence, a sustained negative potential developed, with a larger amplitude at increasing levels of semantic expectancy. The second study replicated this anticipatory index in reading comprehension, establishing generality across input modalities. Furthermore, it demonstrated that differences emerged earlier and progressively over the course of sentence processing. Lastly, the third study revealed that contextually expected words were also preceded by a transient alpha power decrease, common in both modalities of comprehension. Based on their psychophysiological features, the observed neural signatures are consistent with the online recruitment of anticipatory mechanisms tied to semantic prediction during sentence comprehension.
Finally, the fourth study evaluated the status of the previously described brain signatures in adults with Parkinson’s disease (PD) with dopaminergic compensation), given that this condition entails cognitive deficits that might negatively affect the proper use of sentential contexts. Relative to the control group, the group of PD patients exhibited normal correlates
of semantic anticipation and semantic processing. On the other hand, semantic processing was altered in a subgroup of PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), compared to patients without MCI. Specifically, there was a significant prolongation in the semantic processing of words that did not match the contextual expectation. Lastly, for all PD patients, worse verbal fluency scores correlated with alterations in semantic anticipation and processing, suggesting that, in PD, deficits in mechanisms that rely on brain networks in the temporal lobe might hinder predictive language processing during sentence comprehension.En esta tesis doctoral se presentan cuatro estudios de electroencefalografía (EEG) que investigaron correlatos neurales asociados al procesamiento anticipatorio durante la comprensión de frases. Los tres primeros estudios de la tesis se centraron en explorar los mecanismos implicados en la fase anticipatoria de la predicción en población no patológica. El primer estudio describió, por primera vez, correlatos de procesamiento anticipatorio asociados a la predicción lingüística durante la comprensión auditiva de frases. En el intervalo entre el contexto y la palabra final de una frase, se observó la aparición de una negatividad sostenida, con una amplitud mayor cuanto más fuertemente esperada a nivel semántico era la palabra final. El segundo estudio replicó la observación de este índice anticipatorio en la modalidad de comprensión escrita. Además, permitió determinar que las diferencias en la actividad neural en función de la expectativa semántica emergían pronto y aumentaban progresivamente a lo largo del procesamiento de las frases. Por último, el tercer estudio reveló que las palabras contextualmente esperadas estaban también precedidas por una desincronización neuronal en alfa, común en ambas modalidades de comprensión. Por sus características psicofisiológicas, los correlatos observados son consistentes con mecanismos anticipatorios vinculados a la predicción de aspectos semánticos durante la comprensión de frases. Finalmente, el cuarto estudio evaluó el estado de los mecanismos previamente descritos en adultos con enfermedad de Parkinson (PD) (con compensación dopaminérgica), dado que esta patología cursa con déficits cognitivos que afectan el uso apropiado contextos oracionales. El grupo de pacientes con PD exhibió correlatos normales de anticipación y procesamiento semántico comparados con el grupo control. Por otra parte, se encontró que el procesamiento semántico estaba afectado en un subgrupo de pacientes con PD y deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL), respecto a pacientes sin DCL. En concreto, se observó una prolongación significativa del procesamiento semántico de aquellas palabras que no encajaban con la expectativa del contexto oracional. Por último, en toda la muestra de PD, una peor fluidez verbal correlacionó con alteraciones en anticipación y procesamiento semánticos, sugiriendo que déficits en mecanismos dependientes de circuitos temporales en pacientes con PD podrían mermar el procesamiento predictivo durante la comprensión de frases.
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Maddeaux-Young, Hayley Nadine, i University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Therapeutic responses to violence : a detailed analysis of therapy transcripts". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2006, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/396.
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The Interactive and Discursive View of Violence and Resistance proposes the existence of four-discursive-operations that “(i) conceal violence, (ii) mitigate perpetrators’ responsibility, (iii) conceal victims’ resistance, and (iv) blame or pathologize victims” (Coates & Wade, 2004, p.500). These linguistic operations produce incorrect representations of violence that ignore the unilateral nature of acts of violence and, instead focus on pathologizing victims (Coates & Wade, 2004). Examining how violence, victims, perpetrators, and responsibility for the violence are represented in therapy transcripts in which the presenting issue is violence, will allow us to see if linguistic strategies that are used to discredit victims in everyday talk are also used in therapy by therapists. Analysis of 19 therapy transcripts found that the four-discursive-operations were used in each of the transcripts and that therapists often initiated the use of these inaccurate representations or encouraged the perpetrator’s use of four-discursive-operations.xii, 228 leaves ; 29 cm.
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Sutton, Peter. "Vagueness, communication, and semantic information". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/vagueness-communication-and-semantic-information(a18e65ec-3ed3-4c9b-92d1-617c17084e6f).html.
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To be learnable, words must contribute something that is pretty stable across contexts. But equally, words must also be flexible enough to be able to stretch, in a principled way, to cover new cases. Similarly, to be effective for communication, the information that words encode must be robust enough and flexible enough to help us achieve a wide variety of goals. It is argued that truth conditions, and information understood in terms of truth conditions, cannot satisfy these requirements. A replacement for the truth conditional model is suggested based on a statistically grounded conception of semantic information. Informally, this can be understood in terms of reasonable expectations (what it is reasonable to believe, given the words that were used). Formally, this semantic information is captured using probabilistic and information theoretic tools. Vagueness, understood in terms of borderline cases, is argued to be a byproduct of making the above learning and communication requirements central. Vagueness, understood as our ability to be vague with words, is given an information theoretic explanation. Finally, the account is defended with respect to some of the philosophical problems and puzzles found in the vagueness literature.
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Carron, Maxime. "Méthodes et outils pour définir et véhiculer une identité sonore : application au design sonore identitaire de la marque SNCF". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066024/document.
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Aujourd'hui, l'identité sonore des marques concerne principalement les musiques associées aux publicités ou diffusées sur les points de vente, ainsi que des éléments de communication comme la voix ou les jingles. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons au design sonore des produits et équipements comme vecteur de l'identité de marque. Nous proposons une méthodologie de design sonore identitaire permettant de traduire les valeurs d'une marque en termes sonores, et de véhiculer l'identité sonore ainsi définie sur une série d'objets caractéristiques de la marque. A partir d'une analyse d'un grand nombre d'études sur la perception des sons, nous avons établi un lexique sonore de 35 termes adapté à la description des différentes caractéristiques du son. Nous proposons d'utiliser ce lexique ainsi que différents outils de communication pour traduire les valeurs identitaires d'une marque en termes sonores compréhensibles par tous les acteurs du projet en design sonore. Nous proposons également une méthode d'analyse fonctionnelle permettant de spécifier les contraintes techniques liées à la nature ou à la fonction de l'objet choisi pour véhiculer l'identité. Cette méthode repose sur une expérience d'indexation sonore, inspirée de l'analyse sensorielle. La méthodologie proposée a été appliquée au design de l'identité sonore de la marque SNCF véhiculée à travers différentes sources (alarmes, composteurs, tableau d'affichage,...). Ces travaux ont permis de construire et de tester des méthodologies et outils facilitant la communication dans le design sonore, et ont montré que l'identité des marques pouvait s'exprimer à travers la conception des sons de leurs produits et équipementsBrands are today looking for new ways to convey their identity. Currently, brands sound identity is mostly based on music for ads or for selling places, and communication elements like voice or jingles. In this thesis, we focus on products sound design as a way to convey brand identity. Is it possible to take into account brand values in the writing of the requirements for a sound designer? For a given object, what are the relevant design features to consider in order to communicate a desired identity? In our works, we propose a sound design methodology for the translation of brand values into sound attributes, and for conveying the resulting sound identity through a series of products. Based on the analysis of several studies on sound verbal description, we elicited a sound lexicon of 35 words adapted to the description of sound properties. We propose to use this lexicon along with two communication tools, moodboards and a “sound design deck”, to translate brand identity into words easily understandable by both experts and non-experts. We also propose a methodology for linking the physical constraints of the objects to design to words of the lexicon. This method is based on a sound indexing experiment, inspired from sensory analysis. The methodology we propose is applied to the design of SNCF sound identity through different elements (alarms, validating machines, split-flap displays…). The originality of this work resides in its interdisciplinarity combining different approaches such as marketing, design, sensory analysis and auditory perception. This work proposes both methodologies and tools that facilitate communication in sound design, and shows that it is possible to convey brand identity through products sound design
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Johnston, Patricia Gwen. "Maranao vocabulary of moral failure and rectification". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Vento-Wilson, Margaret. "The Intersection of Speech-Language Pathologists’ Beliefs, Perceptions, and Practices and the Language Acquisition and Development of Emerging Aided Communicators". Chapman University Digital Commons, 2019. https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/education_dissertations/4.
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This dissertation discusses the convergence of aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems, the language acquisition and development of young children who are minimally verbal or nonverbal who acquire their native language while simultaneously learning to use an aided AAC system, and explicit and implicit elements that influence language outcomes. Factors investigated include those related to language acquisition universals, the AAC system, the young aided AAC user, and practices, philosophies, and beliefs of speech-language pathologists (SLPs). Further examined were: (a) language acquisition parallels in atypical populations who do not possess the full range of senses who have been shown to develop language, and (b) analogies between the linguistic structures of pidgins, interlanguages, and the syntax of young aided AAC users. This dissertation employed a survey methodology to capture the practices and beliefs of SLPs as a means of identifying potential contributing factors to the reduced linguistic outcomes of these children. Quantitative findings revealed statistically significant differences in SLPs’ perceptions of confidence and qualification with the two populations of children with language impairments who use an oral modality and young aided AAC users. Descriptive trends across all constructs measured suggested differences in SLPs’ practices, belifes, and perspectives in their work with these two populations. The analysis of the syntactic structures of the language of young aided AAC users revealed definitive parallels with the construct of interlanguages.
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Pillay, Bhavani S. "Semantic feature analysis for word retrieval in a small aphasia-group setting". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/58976.
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Background: Word retrieval deficits are a common, pervasive feature of aphasia. Semantic feature analysis (SFA) is a popular treatment technique for word retrieval impairment. Preliminary evidence of its use in small aphasia-group settings suggests improved word retrieval in discourse-based tasks with improvements in communicative informativeness (Antonucci, 2009; Falconer & Antonucci, 2012).
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the training of SFA within discourse during a small (two-member) aphasia group treatment to ascertain if gains would be made in word retrieval abilities and communicative informativeness.
Method: Two female participants with chronic aphasia, aged seventy seven and sixty eight, participated weekly in group treatment for five consecutive weeks where stimuli were used to elicit increasingly naturalistic discourse. A multiple-baseline design was used and a case series analysis conducted. Baseline measures, treatment data and data from the six week follow-up (SWFU) session were analysed using the protocols developed by Nicholas and Brookshire (1993) and Mayer and Murray (2003).
Results: Both participants demonstrated certain modest gains in overall communicative informativeness but these were not maintained at the SWFU session. Gains in informativeness ranged from 12% to 13.4% for participants, which agree with improvements in other studies (Antonucci, 2009; Boyle & Coelho, 1995; Falconer & Antonucci, 2012). P2 (presented with anomic aphasia) performed better than P1 (presented with Broca’s aphasia and a component of apraxia of speech [AOS]) with regards to communicative informativeness (%CIUs) and had greater access to semantic knowledge (i.e. could access lexical forms at an improved rate).
Conclusion: The small group setting may offer advantages to facilitate communication skills and increase participation in everyday conversation. Further research is needed to identify benefits for individuals with differing aphasia types and severity, optimal intensity and frequency of group treatment and the role of peer support during group interaction.
Key Words
Aphasia, stroke rehabilitation, word retrieval, semantic feature analysis, connected speech, discourse, group therapy, communicative informativeness, functional communication.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology
MA
Unrestricted
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Howells, Paul. "Communicating sequential processes with flexible parallel termination semantics". Thesis, University of Westminster, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433839.
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Brandão, João Aranda. "Uma gramática do movimento". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17638.
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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Design, apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa.O presente projecto de investigação tem como objecto de estudo o movimento e a tipografia digital. Considerando a falta de uma epistemologia que associe o design de comunicação às novas tecnologias da informação e a outros domínios complementares e salientando a necessidade de uma abordagem científica ao estudo dos elementos que estruturam o grafismo na comunicação em movimento, o principal objectivo deste trabalho consiste no estabelecimento de uma gramática funcional aplicada ao design de comunicação. Utilizou-se uma metodologia mista de base qualitativa, assente em duas vertentes: uma contextualização teórica, produto de uma crítica literária abrangente de várias áreas de conhecimento, especíicas ou complementares do design de comunicação: a semiótica, a percepção visual, a tipograia e os suportes digitais; uma recolha e selecção de variáveis do movimento, completado com um estudo de casos relevantes; um estudo da legibilidade das fontes e do efeito semântico do movimento aplicado à tipografiaia digital, cujos resultados são analisados e validados por um grupo de foco. O principal resultado desta tese consiste num contributo para uma redefinição e uma actualização de procedimentos no que respeita aos actuais suportes tecnológicos.
ABSTRACT: The aim of this research project is to study movement and digital typography. Considering the lack of any epistemology associating communication design to the new information technologies and other complemental ields, while underscoring the need for a scientiic approach to the study of elements that structure graphism when applied to communication in movement, this work sets out primarily to establish a functional grammar to be applied to communication design. A qualitative-based mixed methodology was used, looking at the subject from two different angles: a theoretical contextualization, the outcome of a literary critique encompassing various areas of knowledge that are specific or complemental to communication design: semiotics, visual perception, typography and digital supports; a collection and selection of movement variables, enhanced with a study of relevant cases; a study on the legibility of sources and the semantic effect of movement as applied to digital typography, the results of which are analyzed and validated by a focus group. The main conclusion of this theory contributes to redeining and updating procedures in relation to current technological media.
N/A
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Attruia, Francesco. "La politique de communication de la Commission Européenne en matière d'emploi et de lutte contre la discrimination : une approche sémantico-énonciative et discursive". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0115/document.
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Notre thèse a pour objet une analyse sémantique des discours de la Commission européenne sur l'emploi et la lutte contre la discrimination. Le corpus est constitué par les publications de la Direction générale « Emploi, affaires sociales et inclusion » de la Commission et rassemble un matériau linguistique de 155 documents parus entre 2004 et 2011. En s'inscrivant dans la tradition de l'analyse du discours politique, cette étude prend appui sur les acquis de la linguistique de l'énonciation, de la pragmatique et des théories de l'argumentation afin de dégager, pour mieux les observer et théoriser, certaines propriétés inhérentes aux discours politiques et institutionnels. Il s'agira, plus exactement, de cerner les procédés linguistiques et discursifs à l'oeuvre dans notre corpus et, corollairement, d'observer comment ceux-ci participent à la construction et à la stabilisation du sens et de la référence en discours. Notre thèse est structurée en deux parties. La première (chapitres 1-2) est consacrée à la présentation du corpus et des cadres théorique et méthodologique. La deuxième (chapitres 3-5) portera sur l'analyse sémantico-énonciative et discursive du corpusThe purpose of this thesis is to analyse, from a semantic and enunciative point of view, the European Union's discourse on employment and the fight against discrimination. The Corpus is made up of 155 documents published between 2004 and 2011 by the European Commission's DG for Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion. Our goal is to observe the way linguistic phenomena described in this work contribute to the construction and discourse stabilization of the linguistic sense and reference. The thesis is structured as follows: the first part will be dedicated to the presentation of the corpus and problematic. This section also contains the fundamental principles of enunciative semantics along with a description of the AntConc software we will employ in order to explore the reference corpus. The second part is focused on the corpus analysis and is divided into three chapters. The first one deals with the linguistic expression of subjectivity and will concentrate on the study of the enunciative modalities. The second one is dedicated to an analysis of the enunciative heterogeneity of the European Union's discourse, in particular from the Scandinavian Theory of Linguistic Polyphony's point of view. Finally, in the last chapter, we will observe the way a verbal sequence ? whether it be a collocation, a simple or complex syntagma, may create a speech event
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Pierro, Melissa A. "Vocabulary Comprehension in Children with Autism". FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/862.
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An open question in autism research is how to assess language abilities in this population. We investigated language development in monolingual and bilingual children with varying degrees of autism, ages 3 to 9, with the aim of better understanding vocabulary comprehension. Two different methodologies were used: the Receptive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test (ROWPVT) and eye-tracker technique.
We examined whether the eye-tracker could help in the assessment of these children because it does not require the child to point during the test. Four typically developing control children, 14 monolingual English children with moderate/mild autism, and 4 children (2 monolingual English, 2 bilingual Spanish/English) with severe autism were tested and the results of the ROWPVT test were compared to the eye-tracker results. Interestingly, bilingual children with severe autism had better results using eye-tracker than the traditional ROWPVT test. These results suggest that these children know more vocabulary than traditional test measures indicate.
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Nicola, R. de. "Testing equivalences and fully abstract models for communicating processes". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356424.
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Kao, Chiou-Fen. "Éléments de l’énonciation discursive". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH022/document.
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En quoi peut consister l’énonciation dans le sens d’un énoncé ? Telle est l’interrogation à laquelle nous tentons de répondre dans cette thèse. Défendant une approche discursive du sens (Carel 2011, Ducrot 1984), nous nous fixons l’objectif de mettre en lumière une conception de l’énonciation dans cette perspective. Notre défi majeur est ainsi de démontrer, de manière concrète, une énonciation qui n’est pas conçue comme une sorte d’événement du monde relatif à la production d’un énoncé. Il s’agit en effet de cette conception de l’énonciation, d’ailleurs prise pour aller de soi, lorsque la plupart des auteurs (Kleiber 2008, Recanati 2008) interprètent un énoncé contenant une expression déictique tel que « Je suis Français » ou « Il fait chaud ici ». Défendant une approche référentielle du sens, ces auteurs sont amenés à repérer le référent correspondant à l’occurrence du mot « je » ou celle du mot « ici », avec la signification de l’un et l’autre mot prise respectivement comme « celui qui produit l’occurrence de je » et « le lieu où l’occurrence d’ici est produite ». Étant donné qu’un tel repérage du référent implique, de manière inévitable, de chercher dans la production de l’énoncé concerné, l’énonciation se présente ainsi comme extralinguistique et comme l’événement constitué par la production de l’énoncé. En nous appuyant, non sans une certaine liberté, sur les travaux respectifs de Benveniste (1966) et de Ducrot (1984), nous nous proposons de dresser le portrait d’une autre conception de l’énonciation qui relève plutôt du système linguistique lui-même, à la différence de celle dépendant ainsi de l’univers extralinguistique. À partir d’un fondement sémantique dégagé des travaux de ces deux auteurs, ainsi que des éléments que nous développons sur cette base, nous faisons des analyses portant essentiellement sur les marques de pronoms, afin d’illustrer la conception de l’énonciation que nous défendons. Qu’il s’agisse de l’analyse comparative entre « Je sais que p » « Tu sais que p » « Elle sait que p », ou celle entre « Je suis beau » « Tu es beau » « Il est beau », nos analyses impliquent donc certaines conséquences. D’une part, elles démontrent que les marques de pronoms peuvent comporter une valeur sémantique qui n’est pas relative à la référence ni à l’énonciation entendue comme un événement extralinguistique. D’autre part, elles permettent de voir que l’on peut rendre compte de ces éléments de sens non référentiels avec le cadre, inspiré de ces deux auteurs, que nous nous efforçons d’établirHow to understand “enunciation” in the meaning of an utterance? This is the question we are trying to answer in this thesis. Defending a discursive approach to meaning (Carel 2011, Ducrot 1984), we set ourselves the objective of bringing light to a conception of enunciation in this perspective. Our major challenge, as a result, is to demonstrate with tangible illustrations an enunciation that is not conceived as a kind of “world event” relating to the production of an utterance. As we know, it’s about this conception of enunciation, taken for granted, when most authors (Kleiber 2008, Recanati 2008) interpret an utterance containing a deictic expression such as "I am French" or "It's hot here". Mostly defenders of the referential approach to meaning, these authors pick up the referent corresponding to the occurrence of the word "I" and that of the word "here", with the meaning of these two words taken respectively as "the one that produces the occurrence of I" and "the place where the occurrence of here is produced". Given that such an identification of the referent involves, inevitably, a look at the production of the utterance concerned, the enunciation thus appears extralinguistic and as the event constituted by the production of the utterance. Based on Benveniste (1966) and Ducrot (1984) respectively, though not without certain inspiration of our own, we try to sketch the outline of another conception of enunciation, which is the one that comes rather from the linguistic system itself, unlike the one that is dependent on the extralinguistic context. In order to illustrate this conception of enunciation, we conduct analyses mostly on pronouns, and the semantic foundation is drawn from the works of these two authors, as well as from the elements that we develop on this basis. In fact, whether it’s the comparative analysis between "I know that p" "You know that p" "She knows that p" or the one between "I'm beautiful" "You're beautiful" "He's (It’s) beautiful", our descriptions do entail consequences. On the one hand, they show that pronouns can have a semantic value that is neither relative to the reference nor to the enunciation taken as an extralinguistic event. On the other hand, our analyses show that we can account for the non-referential elements of meaning with the frame, inspired by these two authors, that we strive to develop
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Bentahar, Jamal. "A Pragmatic and Semantic Unified Framework for Agent Communication". Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22724/22724.pdf.
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Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un cadre unifié pour la pragmatique et la sémantique de la communication entre agents logiciels. La pragmatique traite la façon dont les agents utilisent les actes communicatifs lorsqu’ils participent aux conversations. Elle est liée à la dynamique des interactions entre agents et à la manière avec laquelle les actes individuels sont reliés pour construire des conversations complètes. La sémantique, quant à elle, est intéressée par la signification de ces actes. Elle établit la base pour une signification concise et non ambiguë des messages échangés entre les agents. Ce cadre unifié vise à résoudre trois problèmes majeurs dans le domaine de communication entre agents :
1- L’absence d’un lien entre la pragmatique et la sémantique.
2- L’inflexibilité des protocoles actuels de communication entre agents.
3- La vérification des mécanismes de communication entre agents.
Les contributions principales de cette thèse sont :
1- Une approche pragmatique formelle basée sur les engagements sociaux et les arguments.
2- Un nouveau formalisme pour la communication entre agents appelé Réseau d’Engagements et d’Arguments.
3- Un modèle logique définissant la sémantique des éléments utilisés dans l’approche pragmatique.
4- Une technique de vérification de modèles basée sur une sémantique à tableaux pour vérifier une famille de protocoles flexibles de communication entre agents appelée protocoles à base de jeux de dialogue.
5- Un nouveau protocole de persuasion à base de jeux de dialogue.
L'idée principale de notre approche pragmatique est que la communication entre agents est modélisée comme des actions que les agents accomplissent sur des engagements sociaux et des arguments. La dynamique de la conversation entre agents est représentée par cette notion d’actions et par l’évolution de ces engagements et arguments. Notre formalisme (Réseau d’Engagements et d’Arguments) basé sur cette approche fournit une représentation externe de la dynamique de communication entre agents. Ce formalisme peut être utilisé par les agents comme moyen pour participer à des conversations d’une manière flexible parce qu’ils peuvent raisonner sur leurs actes communicatifs en utilisant leurs systèmes d’argumentation et l’état actuel de la conversation.
Notre modèle logique est une sémantique, à base d’un modèle théorique, pour l’approche pragmatique. Il définit la signification des différents actes de communication que nous utilisons dans notre approche pragmatique. Il exprime également la signification de quelques actes de discours importants dans le contexte de communication multi-agents et il capture la sémantique des arguments annulables. Ce modèle logique permet d’établir le lien entre la sémantique et la pragmatique de communication entre agents.
Nous traitons le problème de vérification des protocoles à base de jeux de dialogue en utilisant une technique de vérification de modèles basée sur une sémantique à tableaux. Ces protocoles sont spécifiés sur la base de notre modèle logique. Nous montrons que notre algorithme de vérification offre une technique, non seulement pour vérifier si le protocole à base de jeux de dialogue (le modèle) satisfait une propriété donnée, mais également si ce protocole respecte la sémantique des actes communicatifs.
Notre protocole de persuasion à base de jeux de dialogue est spécifié dans le contexte de notre cadre unifié en utilisant un langage logique. Il est implémenté en utilisant une programmation logique et un paradigme orienté-agent. Dans ce protocole, le processus décisionnel des agents est basé sur les systèmes d’argumentation et sur la notion de crédibilité des agents.In this thesis, we propose a unified framework for the pragmatics and the semantics of agent communication. Pragmatics deals with the way agents use communicative acts when conversing. It is related to the dynamics of agent interactions and to the way of connecting individual acts while building complete conversations. Semantics is interested in the meaning of these acts. It lays down the foundation for a concise and unambiguous meaning of agent messages. This framework aims at solving three main problems of agent communication: 1- The absence of a link between the pragmatics and the semantics. 2- The inflexibility of current agent communication protocols. 3- The verification of agent communication mechanisms. The main contributions of this thesis are: 1- A formal pragmatic approach based on social commitments and arguments. 2- A new agent communication formalism called Commitment and Argument Network. 3- A logical model defining the semantics of the elements used in the pragmatic approach. 4- A tableau-based model checking technique for the verification of a kind of flexible protocols called dialogue game protocols. 5- A new persuasion dialogue game protocol. The main idea of our pragmatic approach is that agent communication is considered as actions that agents perform on social commitments and arguments. The dynamics of agent conversation is represented by this notion of actions and by the evolution of these commitments and arguments. Our Commitment and Argument Network formalism based on this approach provides an external representation of agent communication dynamics. We argue that this formalism helps agents to participate in conversations in a flexible way because they can reason about their communicative acts using their argumentation systems and the current state of the conversation. Our logical model is a model-theoretic semantics for the pragmatic approach. It defines the meaning of the different communicative acts that we use in our pragmatic approach. It also expresses the meaning of some important speech acts and it captures the semantics of defeasible arguments. This logical model allows us to establish the link between the semantics and the pragmatics of agent communication. We address the problem of verifying dialogue game protocols using a tableau-based model checking technique. These protocols are specified in terms of our logical model. We argue that our model checking algorithm provides a technique, not only to verify if the dialogue game protocol satisfies a given property, but also if this protocol respects the underlying semantics of the communicative acts. Our persuasion dialogue game protocol is specified in our framework using a logical language, and implemented using a logic programming and agent-oriented programming paradigm. In this protocol, the agents’ decision making process is based on the agents’ argumentation systems and the notion of agents’ trustworthiness.
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Bouhafs, Faycal. "Semantic clustering mechanisms for communication in wireless sensor networks". Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2007. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5809/.
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Uppukunnathe, Deepak. "Semantic Formats for Emergency Management". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-105178.
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Over a decade ago, there was no standardised method for information sharing during emergency situations. Governments, first responders, and emergency practitioners often had to rely on what little technology that was available to them. This situation slowed down communications, putting entire recovery operations, and lives at stake. The Emergency Data Exchange Language (EDXL) is the umbrella standard for several emergency communication standards that are being developed to address this issue. The Semantic Web is slowly, but steadily becoming a natural extension of the present-day Web. Thanks to efforts from researchers, and corporations such as Google, Facebook, etc., we are seeing more, and more semantics aware applications on the Web. These applications have been successful in bringing Semantic Web technologies to the common user to a large extent. Semantic Web technologies have found applications in a wide range of domains, from medical research to media management. However, a study to see if EDXL messaging standards can benefit from Semantic Web technologies has not yet been made. In this thesis, we investigate the possibility of enabling Semantic Web technologies for EDXL standards, specifically the EDXL Resource Messaging (EDXL-RM) standard, and explore the benefits that can come out of it. The possibility of converting XML based EDXL-RM messages to semantic formats is explored at first. This step is achieved through the evaluation of existing tools and technologies. Based on the outcome of this study, an EDXL to OWL converter that works in two stages is developed. The motivation for enabling semantic support for EDXL standards is illustrated through several use cases.
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Bossert, Georges. "Exploiting Semantic for the Automatic Reverse Engineering of Communication Protocols". Thesis, Supélec, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014SUPL0027/document.
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Cette thèse propose une approche pratique pour la rétro-conception automatisée de protocoles de communication non-documentés. Les travaux existants dans ce domaine ne permettent qu'un apprentissage incomplet des spécifications ou exigent trop de stimulation de l'implémentation du protocol cible avec le risque d'être vaincu par des techniques de contre-inférence. Cette thèse adresse ces problématiques en s'appuyant sur la sémantique du protocole cible pour améliorer la qualité, la rapidité et la furtivité du processus d'inférence. Nous appliquons cette approche à la rétro-conception des deux principaux aspects de la définition d'un protocole à savoir l'inférence de sa syntaxe et de sa grammaire. Nous proposons un outil open-source, appelé Netzob, qui implémente nos contributions pour aider les experts en sécurité dans leur lutte contre les dernières menaces informatiques. Selons nos recherches, Netzob apparait comme l'outil publié le plus avancé pour la rétro-conception et la simulation de protocoles de communications non-documentésThis thesis exposes a practical approach for the automatic reverse engineering of undocumented communication protocols. Current work in the field of automated protocol reverse engineering either infer incomplete protocol specifications or require too many stimulation of the targeted implementation with the risk of being defeated by counter-inference techniques. We propose to tackle these issues by leveraging the semantic of the protocol to improve the quality, the speed and the stealthiness of the inference process. This work covers the two main aspects of the protocol reverse engineering, the inference of its syntactical definition and of its grammatical definition. We propose an open-source tool, called Netzob, that implements our work to help security experts in their work against latest cyber-threats. We claim Netzob is the most advanced published tool that tackles issues related to the reverse engineering and the simulation of undocumented protocols
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Ingolfsdottir, Anna. "Semantic models for communicating processes with value-passing". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385041.
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Dascalu, Camelia Mihaela. "La référence à soi chez les enfants atteints d'autisme. Perspectives sémantiques, pragmatiques et cognitives". Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030167/document.
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Cette recherche, qui porte sur la référence à soi dans le langage de l’enfant atteint d’autisme, vise deux objectifs. Le premier d’entre eux est de montrer que la référence à soi dépend de la cognition de la personne. Il en ressort que du fait de sa cognition particulière la personne avec autisme use d’un langage différent qualitativement et ce, de manière durable. Le deuxième objectif consiste à intégrer la référence à soi tant dans son usage typique qu’autistique au sein d’une théorie sémantique pragmatique et cognitive. Pour le premier objectif, je me suis appuyée sur l’analyse de trois corpus de langue française : un corpus longitudinal d’un enfant neuro-typique et deux corpus d’enfants atteints d’autisme. L’analyse des corpus a montré que ces trois enfants construisent pareillement la référence à soi à partir de leurs intentions communicatives et de l’input. Pourtant, chez l’enfant atteint d’autisme, le modèle mental de référence à soi est déterminé par des mécanismes cognitifs qui fonctionnent différemment chez lui. Il en découle une expression de référence à soi particulière, qui se caractérise par une priorité donnée à des formes non-standard, qui persistent à travers les âges parallèlement à l’usage standard de la première personne.Pour le second objectif, j’ai confronté deux théories contemporaines liées au concept de référence : la théorie de la référence directe (David Kaplan) et la théorie néo-frégéenne (Gareth Evans), qui sont reconnues comme deux philosophies de la référence (au locuteur). Il en ressort que la position mentaliste d’Evans pourrait mieux rendre compte de ce qui se passe au niveau mental lorsque l’on réfère à soi : c’est sous un mode de présentation épistémique spécifique que l’on réfère en réalité à soi-même, quelle que soit la situationThis research focuses on self-reference in the speech of autistic children. Throughout this work, two main objectives were developed. The first was to show that self-reference depends on the cognition of the person. Consequently, the autistic person will manifest a different cognition over the long term, expressed qualitatively in terms of speech. The second objective was to integrate self-reference in its typical and autistic use into a semantic, pragmatic and cognitive theory.For the first objective, I based my analysis on three French corpora: a longitudinal corpus of a neurotypical child and two corpora of two children with autism. The analysis of the corpora showed that the three children construct their self-reference similarly, they build on their communicative intentions and the input. However, the two autistic children’s mental model of self-reference is determined by cognitive mechanisms that function differently for them. This results in self-reference expression characterized by the long-term use of non-standard forms, in parallel with the standard first person forms.For the second objective, I compared two contemporary theories of reference: the direct reference theory (David Kaplan) and the neo-Fregean theory (Gareth Evans) which are known as two philosophies of reference (in relation to the speaker). Evans’ mentalist position can make sense of what happens at the mental level when one refers to oneself: in all cases, reference to oneself is actually achieved through a specific and epistemic presentation
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Sukenik, Nufar. "Sémantique lexicale et profils langagiers d'enfants avec autisme de langue hébraïque". Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2024/document.
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La communication en général, et les capacités linguistiques en particulier, constituent de formidables obstacles pour beaucoup d'enfants avec TSA, qui ont du mal à faire connaître leurs idées, sentiments et intentions à autrui. La sémantique lexicale est fondamentale dans le choix des bons mots et la compréhension du monde autour de soi. Dans la recherche sur le Trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA), les capacités langagières sont communément mesurées sur la base de la performance sur des tâches qui mesurent les capacités en sémantique lexicale—les connaissances sur la signification des mots. Or, les connaissances scientifiques sur comment les capacités sémantiques lexicales sont liées aux autres aspects du langage dans le TSA sont pauvresCommunications in general and linguistic abilities in particular, constitute formidable obstacles for many children with ASD, who struggle with making their ideas, feelings and intentions known to others. Lexical semantics is fundamental to choosing the right words, and understanding the surrounding world. In research on ASD, language abilities are very widely measured on the basis of performance on tasks testing lexical semantic abilities—knowledge of the meaning of words. However, very little is known about how lexical semantic abilities are related to other aspects of language in ASD
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Au, Yeung Ching Man. "From user behaviours to collective semantics". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/72198/.
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The World Wide Web has developed into an important platform for social interactions with the rise of social networking applications of dierent kinds. Collaborative tagging systems, as prominent examples of these applications, allow users to share their resources and to interact with each other. By assigning tags to resources on the Web in a collaborative manner, users contribute to the emergence of complex networks now commonly known as folksonomies, in which users, documents and tags are interconnected with each other. To reveal the implicit semantics of entities involved in a folksonomy, one requires an understanding of the characteristics of the collective behaviours that create these interconnections. This thesis studies how user behaviours in collaborative tagging systems can be analysed to acquire a better understanding of the collective semantics of entities in folksonomies. We approach this problem from three different but closely related perspectives. Firstly, we study how tags are used by users and how their different intended meanings can be identified. Secondly, we develop a method for assessing the expertise of users and quality of documents in folksonomies by introducing the notion of implicit endorsement. Finally, we study the relations between documents induced from collaborative tagging and compare them with existing hyperlinks between Web documents. We show that, in each of these scenarios, it is crucial to consider the collective behaviours of the users and the social contexts in order to understand the characteristics of the entities. This project can be considered as a case study of the Social Web, the research outcomes of which can be easily generalised to many other social networking applications. It also fits into the larger framework for understanding the Web set out by the emerging interdisciplinary field of Web Science, as the work involves analyses of the interactions and behaviour of Web users in order to understand how we can improve existing systems and facilitate information sharing and retrieval on the Web.
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Vahdati, Sahar, Natanael Arndt, Sören Auer i Christoph Lange. "OpenResearch: collaborative management of scholarly communication metadate". Universität Leipzig, 2016. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15939.
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Scholars often need to search for matching, high-profile sci-entific events to publish their research results. Information about topical focus and quality of events is not made suÿciently explicit in the existing communication channels where events are announced. Therefore, schol-ars have to spend a lot of time on reading and assessing calls for papers but might still not find the right event. Additionally, events might be overlooked because of the large number of events announced every day. We introduce OpenResearch, a crowd sourcing platform that supports researchers in collecting, organizing, sharing and disseminating informa-tion about scientific events in a structured way. It enables quality-related queries over a multidisciplinary collection of events according to a broad range of criteria such as acceptance rate, sustainability of event series, and reputation of people and organizations. Events are represented in di˙erent views using map extensions, calendar and time-line visualiz-ations. We have systematically evaluated the timeliness, usability and performance of OpenResearch.