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Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Selective Pulses

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Selective Pulses”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Selective Pulses"

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Ridge, Clark D., i Jamie D. Walls. "Pathway Selective Pulses". Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2, nr 19 (16.09.2011): 2478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz200998v.

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Gong, Zhaoyuan, i Jamie D. Walls. "Diffusion Selective Pulses". Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 11, nr 2 (26.12.2019): 456–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03222.

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Kupce, E., i R. Freeman. "Polychromatic Selective Pulses". Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Series A 102, nr 1 (marzec 1993): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmra.1993.1079.

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Kemp-Harper, Richard, Peter Styles i Stephen Wimperis. "B1-Selective Pulses". Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Series A 123, nr 2 (grudzień 1996): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmra.1996.0243.

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Stevenson, Cagla, James P. J. Hall, Michael A. Brockhurst i Ellie Harrison. "Plasmid stability is enhanced by higher-frequency pulses of positive selection". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, nr 1870 (10.01.2018): 20172497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2497.

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Plasmids accelerate bacterial adaptation by sharing ecologically important traits between lineages. However, explaining plasmid stability in bacterial populations is challenging owing to their associated costs. Previous theoretical and experimental studies suggest that pulsed positive selection may explain plasmid stability by favouring gene mobility and promoting compensatory evolution to ameliorate plasmid cost. Here we test how the frequency of pulsed positive selection affected the dynamics of a mercury-resistance plasmid, pQBR103, in experimental populations of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25. Plasmid dynamics varied according to the frequency of Hg 2+ positive selection: in the absence of Hg 2+ plasmids declined to low frequency, whereas pulses of Hg 2+ selection allowed plasmids to sweep to high prevalence. Compensatory evolution to ameliorate the cost of plasmid carriage was widespread across the entire range of Hg 2+ selection regimes, including both constant and pulsed Hg 2+ selection. Consistent with theoretical predictions, gene mobility via conjugation appeared to play a greater role in promoting plasmid stability under low-frequency pulses of Hg 2+ selection. However, upon removal of Hg 2+ selection, plasmids which had evolved under low-frequency pulse selective regimes declined over time. Our findings suggest that temporally variable selection environments, such as those created during antibiotic treatments, may help to explain the stability of mobile plasmid-encoded resistance.

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Geen, Helen, i Ray Freeman. "Band-selective radiofrequency pulses". Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) 93, nr 1 (czerwiec 1991): 93–141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2364(91)90034-q.

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Xu, Ping, Xi-Li Wu i Ray Freeman. "User-friendly selective pulses". Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) 99, nr 2 (wrzesień 1992): 308–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2364(92)90181-6.

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Bouhrara, Mustapha, i Jean-Marie Bonny. "B1mapping with selective pulses". Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 68, nr 5 (13.01.2012): 1472–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.24146.

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Blechta, Vratislav, i Jan Schraml. "A selective INEPT experiment for the assignment of NMR lines of low-gyromagnetic ratio nuclei through long-range couplings". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, nr 2 (1991): 258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19910258.

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A selective variant of the standard INEPT experiment is suggested. The selectivity is achieved by replacing the refocusing proton pulses of the standard INEPT pulse sequence with selective (DANTE) 180° pulses. Since this approach eliminates the undesirable influences of homo- and heteronuclear couplings, the sensitivity of the method is high. In the case of assigning 29Si NMR lines of trimethylsilylated compounds the pulse sequence can be further simplified and a pair of refocusing pulses can be eliminated from the refocusing period. Advantages of the simplified method are demonstrated.

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XU, SHUWU, YUNXIA HUANG i XIANMING JI. "SELECTIVE EXCITATION OF COHERENT ANTI-STOKES RAMAN SCATTERING VIA PHASE STEP MODULATION". Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 22, nr 01 (marzec 2013): 1350002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863513500021.

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It is known that femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) method suffers from the drawback of poor selectivity between neighboring Raman energy levels due to the large bandwidth of the pulses. Quantum coherent control based on the ultrashort pulse shaping technique is a promising solution. In this paper, we propose a simple approach to realize the selective excitation of CARS spectra by shaping both the probe and pump pulses with the π phase step. By phase step modulation of the probe pulse, we show that the CARS signals between neighboring Raman energy levels can be greatly narrowed and differentiated, and then selective excitation can be realized by modulating both the probe and pump pulses. Finally, the mechanism of the selective excitation by population transfer is briefly discussed.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Selective Pulses"

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Rourke, David E. "Selective pulses in NMR". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259620.

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Al-Beshr, Abdullah Saud. "Improved selective pulses for the MR spin-echo experiment". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307741.

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Fitzsimons, Paul. "Selective ablation of thin films using ultra-short laser pulses". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/10853/.

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The micro processing of materials using ultra short pulse (USP) lasers with durations in the low picosecond (ps) and femtosecond (fs) range allows for the possibility of precision material removal on both nanometre and micron scales. Precision material removal can be achieved due to the near diffraction limited focus spot size and ultra-short pulse durations, which provide extremely high peak intensities with minimal thermal impact on the surrounding area. The work presented in this thesis is primarily concerned with the selective ablation of thin films deposited on various surfaces, using lasers with picosecond temporal pulse lengths at 1064 nm. As a result, damage to the substrate is negated through exploitation of the difference in linear absorption coefficients between the thin film and substrate. To elucidate the mechanism of selective processing with USP lasers; absorption, single and multi-pulse ablation effects were investigated in both fixed and variable beam positions. A sample of white float glass vacuum coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) was chosen as the material for this study. Experimental results demonstrate that linear absorption (α (λ)) of the ITO and substrate plays a key role in achieving selective thin film ablation. As a direct consequence of the difference in absorption coefficients at 1064 nm, the single (ϕ_th^1 ) and multi (ϕ_th^n ) pulse ablation thresholds of both materials are altered during the high peak intensity exposure. Selective processing was achieved by exploiting the difference between the ablation thresholds of ITO and glass. When irradiated with multiple pulses the ablation threshold of the substrate was observed to decrease with increasing pulse number. This change in threshold fundamentally limits the selective processing window; therefore incubation (S) effects must be considered when determining the viability of selective processing. For the purpose of practical applications, a series of case studies are also presented which attempt to utilise selective materials processing. These investigations were split into industrial and conservation. Industrial case studies focused on successfully micro processing a small thin film ITO circuit using a Spatial Light Modulator and a new low cost solar cell (F doped SnO2); whilst in conservation, the restoration of a pair of Royal gloves and the removal of unwanted bronze gilding is presented. The application of USP lasers in conservation represents a relatively new field of study where little previous research has been carried out. These case studies not only showcase the wide range of USP applications in which selective processing can be applied but also highlight the limitations of this method.

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Sussman, Marshall Stephen. "Design of practical T¦2-selective RF excitation, TELEX, pulses". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq29272.pdf.

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Geen, Helen Louise. "Design and implementation of band-selective pulses for NMR spectroscopy". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359900.

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Kokorin, Denis [Verfasser], i Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Hennig. "Magnetic resonance imaging with spatially-selective pulses using multiple transmission channels = Magnetresonanztomographie mit räumlich-selektiven HF-Pulsen unter Ausnutzung des parallelen Sendens". Freiburg : Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1123482497/34.

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Oliveira, Eduardo Spinelli. "Ablação seletiva de um filme de nitreto de titânio em substrato de carboneto de tungstênio utilizando laser de pulsos ultracurtos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-16052017-114430/.

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Revestimentos superficiais são aplicados à muitas ferramentas de usinagem na indústria metalúrgica com o intuito de melhorar a eficiência de corte e aumentar sua vida útil. Neste trabalho foram realizados testes para remoção do recobrimento de nitreto de titânio alumínio (TiAlN) em pastilhas de carboneto de tungstênio (WC-Co), utilizando um feixe laser de pulsos ultracurtos. Após a determinação dos limiares de dano do filme e do substrato foram ablacionados na superfície do recobrimento, traços utilizando duas condições de ablação. Inicialmente operou-se no regime de baixa fluência do filme, e posteriormente no regime de baixa fluência do substrato, muito abaixo do limiar do filme, aplicando-se alta sobreposição de pulsos. Um sistema de espectroscopia de emissão atômica induzida por laser (LIBS) foi montado para monitoramento dos materiais presentes no plasma gerado pelo laser, porém o sistema não apresentou sensibilidade suficiente para leitura da baixa intensidade do plasma proveniente do processo e não foi utilizado. Após a análise dos traços por microscopia eletrônica, perfilometria óptica e espectroscopia por fluorescência de Raios-X, não foi possível determinar um processo seguro para realizar a remoção seletiva do filme em questão, porém, devido aos dados obtidos e observações dos resultados em alguns traços, novas possibilidades foram levantadas, abrindo a discussão para a realização de trabalhos futuros.
Surface coatings are applied to many cutting tools in the metallurgical industry in order to improve cutting efficiency and extend its useful life. In this work, tests were performed to remove the coating of titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN) on tungsten carbide (WC-Co) pellets, using an ultrashort laser pulses beam. After determination of the damage thresholds of the film and the substrate, were ablated on the surface of the coating lines using two ablation conditions, it was initially operated on the low fluence regime for the film, and later on the low fluence regime of the substrate, far below the threshold of the film, applying high overlapping pulses. A laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) system was set up to monitor the materials present in the plasma generated by the laser, but the system did not present sufficient sensitivity to read the low intensity of the plasma generated in the process and was not used. After the analysis of the traces by electron microscopy, optical profilometer and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, it was not possible to determine a safe process to carry out the selective removal of the film in question, however, due to the data obtained and observations of the results in some traces, new possibilities were raised, opening the discussion for future work.

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Kröner, Dominik. "Theory of selective preparation of enantiomers by laser pulses Theorie zur selektiven Präparation von Enantiomeren durch Laserpulse /". [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2003/141/index.html.

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Alshehri, Ali. "Micro and Nanostructuring of Polymers by Femtosecond Laser Pulses". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35356.

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Micro/Nanostructuring of polymers by femtosecond pulses is of extreme importance because it drives applications in photonics and biomedicine. A femtosecond pulse, with an intensity of ∼ 10^13 W/cm^2, is capable of causing an optical breakdown and inducing permanent modification in the material. With such high intensity, and considering the fact that polymers possess high band gaps, the interaction nature is completely nonlinear, and the material can be modified locally on the surface and in bulk. The irradiated regions exhibit fluorescence, and they display new wetting properties as a consequence of the optical breakdown of a material. The optical breakdown can be investigated by studying the nonlinear absorption. In this thesis, we discuss the nonlinear absorption of fs-laser pulses inside polymers using transmission measurements. We show a step– function–like behaviour of the transmission, dropping abruptly to ∼ 20% at the optical breakdown threshold with a ∼ 40 % reduction in the band gap. Utilizing spectroscopy, we show that the laser-modified regions contain randomly distributed nanoclusters. The presence of localized nanoclusters is responsible for exhibiting fluorescence, within ∼ 10 µm3 for a single pulse. This feature was exploited to demonstrate high-density data storage in Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) without any special material preparation. We demonstrate up to 20 layers of embedded data that can be stored in a standard 120 mm disc. Storage capacity of 0.2 TBytes/disc can be achieved by adjusting read laser parameters. Besides the fluorescence capability induced in the bulk of polymers, the hydrophilicity shown by the fs–laser modified surface is utilized to study selective cell growth on the micro-structured Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface. We show that the C2C12 cells and rabbit anti-mouse protein attach preferentially to the modified regions when the surface is modified with low pulse energies. However, in the high pulse energy regime, the laser-modified regions exhibit superhydrophobicity inhibiting cell adhesion.

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Elghobashi, Nadia. "Theory of using few cycle IR and UV laser pulses to control the orientation and selective dissociation of hydrogen bonded anions". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2006/23/index.html.

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Książki na temat "Selective Pulses"

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Sussman, Marshall Stephen. Design of practical Tb2s-selective RF excitation, TELEX, pulses. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Small Business. Hearing to consider the President's nomination of Cassandra M. Pulley to be Deputy Administrator of the U.S. Small Business Administration: Hearing before the Committee on Small Business, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, first session ... Tuesday, October 19, 1993. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Small Business. Hearing to consider the President's nomination of Cassandra M. Pulley to be Deputy Administrator of the U.S. Small Business Administration: Hearing before the Committee on Small Business, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, first session ... Tuesday, October 19, 1993. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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Léonard, Jérémie, i Charles Hirlimann, red. Ultrafast Laser Technologies and Applications. EDP Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-2719-0.

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This Book gathers original tutorials delivered as lectures by the authors at the international Femto-UP 2020 School, which took place online from 8th to 29th of March 2021 and gathered 600 participants worldwide. Like the previous occurrences of the Femto-UP School, the 2020 edition and this Book do target a multidisciplinary public of scientists at various points of their carrier from undergraduate and graduate students to senior researchers and technical staff. The aim is to provide generic scientific knowledge on ultrafast laser technologies including, generation, amplification, manipulation and characterization of ultrashort laser pulses, and pedagogical accounts of a selection of state-of-the-art applications of ultrashort laser pulses. The Femto-UP 2020 School comprised numerical practical sessions using original pedagogical or technical numerical tools (based on the Python programming language) also included to this Book as supplementary electronic material.

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Pulse-Jet Filtration : an Effective Way to Control Industrial Pollution : Part 1: Theory, Selection and Design of Pulse-Jet Filter. Taylor & Francis Group, 2010.

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Mukhopadhyay, Arunangshu. Pulse-Jet Filtration : an Effective Way to Control Industrial Pollution : Part 1: Theory, Selection and Design of Pulse-Jet Filter. CRC Press LLC, 2019.

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Mukhopadhyay, Arunangshu. Pulse-Jet Filtration : an Effective Way to Control Industrial Pollution : Part 1: Theory, Selection and Design of Pulse-Jet Filter. CRC Press LLC, 2019.

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Mukhopadhyay, Arunangshu. Pulse-Jet Filtration : an Effective Way to Control Industrial Pollution : Part 1: Theory, Selection and Design of Pulse-Jet Filter. CRC Press LLC, 2019.

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Mukhopadhyay, Arunangshu. Pulse-Jet Filtration : an Effective Way to Control Industrial Pollution : Part 1: Theory, Selection and Design of Pulse-Jet Filter. CRC Press LLC, 2019.

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Performance of IEEE 802.11a Wireless LAN Standard Over Frequency- Selective, Slowly Fading Nakagami Channels in a Pulsed Jamming Environment. Storming Media, 2002.

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Części książek na temat "Selective Pulses"

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Warren, Warren S., i Mark Haner. "Laser Pulse Shaping for State-Selective Excitation". W Atomic and Molecular Processes with Short Intense Laser Pulses, 1–9. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0967-3_1.

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Sukhoruchenko, Maya N. "Selective Hearing Adaptation to Paired Pulses in Tursiops Truncatus". W Marine Mammal Sensory Systems, 277–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3406-8_19.

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Nischwitz, Sebastian P., David B. Lumenta, Stephan Spendel i Lars-Peter Kamolz. "Minimally Invasive Technologies for Treatment of HTS and Keloids: Pulsed-Dye Laser". W Textbook on Scar Management, 263–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44766-3_31.

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AbstractWe present another minimally invasive technology for the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids: the pulsed-dye laser. Being first introduced by two groups around Schaefer (Germany) and Sorokin & Lankard (USA) in 1966, the pulsed dye laser is a rather new technology. The first clinical use of pulsed-dye lasers was reported in 1983 for the treatment of naevus flammeus, and was the first laser used for the treatment of keloids in the mid-1990s.Its efficacy is based on the principle of selective photothermolysis, enabling a selective destruction of defined structures absorbing the respective wavelength used, as compared to other lasers working based on thermal coagulation or ablative tissue interaction. The preferred wavelengths being used are 585 or 595 nm, which makes small cutaneous vessels the main targets. Their destruction leads to a diminished blood supply of the irradiated area, thus reducing symptoms of hypertrophic scars like itching, vascularity, and redness, and secondary – probably by the induced hypoxemia – a reduction in scar height and pliability. This therapeutic approach also implies the use of pulsed-dye laser in the prevention of pathologic scars. While significant side effects are usually rare, slight signs of use like edema or scab formation can pertain for several days. Since the sensory impact of laser pulses are comparable to needle pricks, some form of analgesia during the application is highly recommended. The elusive data and still existing scarcity of high-quality studies on the use of pulsed-dye laser, however, make it hard to develop clear recommendations.

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Hebling, J., i J. Kuhl. "Generation of Tunable Femtosecond Pulses by Selective Amplification of a Continuum". W Springer Proceedings in Physics, 67–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75826-3_12.

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Bardeen, C. J., Q. Wang i C. V. Shank. "Selective Excitation of Wavepacket Motion in the Condensed Phase Using Chirped Pulses". W Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 203–4. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80314-7_87.

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Morris, Peter G. "Frequency Selective Excitation Using Phase-Compensated RF Pulses in One and Two Dimensions". W In-Vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy I: Probeheads and Radiofrequency Pulses Spectrum Analysis, 149–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45697-8_5.

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Melinger, J. S., A. Hariharan, S. R. Gandhi i W. S. Warren. "Stimulated Emission Pumping and Selective Excitation by Adiabatic Passage with Frequency-Modulated Picosecond Laser Pulses". W Ultrafast Phenomena VIII, 113–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84910-7_29.

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Fodor, Lucian, Yehuda Ullmann i Monica Elman. "Patient Selection". W Aesthetic Applications of Intense Pulsed Light, 31–36. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-456-2_5.

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Dumitrascu, Dinu, i Lucian Fodor. "Patient Selection and Treatment Protocol". W Aesthetic Applications of Intense Pulsed Light, 33–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22829-3_4.

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Ostendorf, Andreas, Evgeny L. Gurevich i Xiao Shizhou. "Selective Ablation of Thin Films by Pulsed Laser". W Fundamentals of Laser-Assisted Micro- and Nanotechnologies, 201–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05987-7_9.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Selective Pulses"

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Schüle, Georg, Elke Joachimmeyer, Carsten Framme, Johann Roider, Reginald Birngruber i Ralf Brinkmann. "Optoacoustic detection of selective RPE cell damage during µs-laser irradiation". W European Conference on Biomedical Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ecbo.2001.4433_92.

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Objective: The selective damage of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with repetitive µs laser pulses is a new technique for the treatment of several retinal diseases. RPE can selectively be damaged by simultaneously sparing off the adjacent photoreceptor tissue. Objective of this study is to investigate whether optoacoustic (OA) transients occurring during irradiation might be used to control the invisible treatment effect. Setup: A train of frequency doubled Nd:YLF laser pulses (527 nm, 1.7µs pulse length, 500Hz rep. rate) were applied via a laser slit lamp on porcine RPE samples. The acoustic transients were recorded with a broadband transducer. Results: At low radiant exposures (< 100 mJ/cm2) we found a bipolar pressure transient due to thermoelastic expansion of the RPE. The pressure waves from the individual pulses of one pulse train show nearly identical transients. The transients differ slightly from different sites on the sample. At higher radiant exposures (> 150 mJ/cm2), the OA transients differ from pulse to pulse within a pulse train, which can be attributed to microbubble formation around the strong absorbing melanosomes inside the RPE cells. FFT spectra of the OA transients show slight differences in the frequency spectrum with the different radiant exposures.

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Bardeen, Christopher J., Qing Wang i Charles V. Shank. "Selective Excitation of Wavepacket Motion in the Condensed Phase Using Chirped Pulses". W International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1996.fe.52.

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Recent theory and experiments have shown that chirped ultrashort pulses may be used to control the dynamics of wavefunctions evolving on potential energy surfaces of isolated molecular systems [1]. In this work we show that the phase structure of the excitation pulse can substantially affect the coherent vibrational dynamics of molecules in room temperature liquids. The interaction of a short pulse with a two electronic state system can induce vibrational motion on both the excited and ground state potential energy surfaces, which in turn can lead to ambiguity in the interpretation of pump-probe experiments [2,3]. Figure 1 illustrates the impulsive stimulated Raman scattering process that gives rise to motion on the S0 state and shows how a negatively chirped (NC) pulse enhances this contribution through a single photon “pump-dump” sequence of field interactions. Conversely, a positively chirped (PC) pulse discriminates against this process. In accord with previous theoretical work [4], one can to some extent turn on or off the ground state contribution to the transient absorption signal by using an appropriately chirped excitation pulse.. In this way chirping the pump pulse can help determine the origin of experimentally observed coherent vibrational dynamics.

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Lindinger, A. "Selective multiphoton excitation by parametrically shaped laser pulses". W SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics, redaktorzy Mario Bertolotti, Joseph W. Haus i Alexei M. Zheltikov. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2087110.

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Svyakhovskiy, Sergey E., Anton I. Maydykovskiy, Viktor O. Kompanets, Vladimir A. Bushuev, Boris I. Mantsyzov, Sergey V. Chekalin i Tatiana V. Murzina. "Selective Focusing of Laser Pulses by Diffraction-Induced Pulse Splitting in Photonic Crystals". W Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2014.fth3d.8.

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Banash, M. A., J. Bates, C. P. Lin i Warren S. Warren. "Applications of shaped laser pulses to state-selective excitation and measurement of gas phase collisional dynamics". W International Laser Science Conference. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ils.1986.we4.

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We discuss experimental applications of specific phase and amplitude modulated laser pulse shapes. Electronic transitions in real molecules generally do not have a well-defined Rabi frequency because of the distribution of the orientation of the transition dipole, and because the density of states for all but the very simplest molecules causes many Doppler broadened transitions (including hyperfine components) to overlap. Crafted pulse shapes generate complete population inversions regardless of Rabi frequency, as well as provide a uniform inversion over the pulse bandwidth.1 These experiments directly observe population transfer between frequency ranges by giving two different frequency π pulses at different times—the use of crafted pulses increases signal to noise by now inverting the entire Rabi distribution. Experimental modifications which select a single velocity range in an arbitrarily complex molecule while retaining the other advantages of pulse shaping are presented, and the velocity dependence of fluorescence and coherence lifetimes in molecular gases is analyzed.2 Applications to monitoring velocity-changing collisional dynamics and generating large vibrational population inversions in l2 are presented, as will experimental methods to extend these sequences to more complex molecules, where velocity selection and frequency resolution are not equivalent.

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Rana, Viren V., i Zhenhua Zhang. "Selective removal of dielectric layers using picosecond UV pulses". W SPIE LASE: Lasers and Applications in Science and Engineering, redaktorzy W. Andrew Clarkson, Norman Hodgson i Ramesh K. Shori. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.813872.

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Seyfarth, Brian, Gabor Matthäus, Tobias Ullsperger, Stefan Nolte, L. Schade i A. Tunnermann. "Selective laser melting of glass using ultrashort laser pulses". W Laser 3D Manufacturing V, redaktorzy Henry Helvajian, Alberto Piqué i Bo Gu. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2289614.

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Becker, P. C., C. H. Brito Cruz i A. G. Prosser. "Generation of Sub-100 Femtosecond Pulses Tunable in the 690-750 nm Range". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.pdp2.

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We report the generation of tunable femtosecond pulses in the 690-750 nm wavelength region, by selective continuum amplification and subsequent recompression, in a CPM based ultrashort pulse system. The continuum is generated in a jet of ethylene glycol with amplified CPM pulses at 620 nm. The amplified continuum pulses are typically of duration 75-85 femtoseconds (assuming a sech2 profile) with energies per pulse of several microjoules, at a repetition rate of 8.5 kHz. The pump source for the amplifier is a copper vapor laser. The dyes used as the gain medium for the continuum amplifier are LDS 698 and LDS 750, which, even though they are significantly less efficient than Rhodamine or Styryl 9, accomplish the desired purpose. These pulses are then launched in a 10 mm length of single mode fiber to produce a broad spectral continuum which is then compressed to pulses of duration 12-13 femtoseconds. Ultrashort pulses in this wavelength range will be useful for resonant investigations of quantum well structures.

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Louie, Tiffany M., Robert S. Jones, Anupama V. Sarma i Daniel Fried. "Selective removal of composite sealants with near-UV laser pulses". W Biomedical Optics 2004, redaktorzy Peter Rechmann, Daniel Fried i Thomas Hennig. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.539288.

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Gogyan, Anahit L., i Yuri P. Malakyan. "Selective excitation of atoms and molecules by ultrashort laser pulses". W 15th International School on Quantum Electronics: Laser Physics and Applications, redaktorzy Tanja Dreischuh, Elena Taskova, Ekaterina Borisova i Alexander Serafetinides. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.822535.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Selective Pulses"

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De Lucia, Jr, Gottfreid Frank i Jennifer. Tailored Ultrafast Pulses for Selective Energetic Residue Sampling. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, kwiecień 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada481996.

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Crisman, Everett E. Semiconductor Selection and Optimization for use in a Laser Induced Pulsed Pico-Second Electromagnetic Source. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, styczeń 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408051.

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Augustoni, Arnold L. Laser selection based on maximum permissible exposure limits for visible and middle-near infrared repetitively pulsed lasers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzec 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/918747.

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Abbo, Shahal, Hongbin Zhang, Clarice Coyne, Amir Sherman, Dan Shtienberg i George J. Vandemark. Winter chickpea; towards a new winter pulse for the semiarid Pacific Northwest and wider adaptation in the Mediterranean basin. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7597909.bard.

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Original objectives: [a] Screen an array of chickpea and wild annual Cicer germplasm for winter survival. [b] Genetic analysis of winter hardiness in domesticated x wild chickpea crosses. [c] Genetic analysis of vernalization response in domesticated x wild chickpea crosses. [d] Digital expression analysis of a core selection of breeding and germplasm lines of chickpea that differ in winter hardiness and vernalization. [e] Identification of the genes involved in the chickpea winter hardiness and vernalization and construction of gene network controlling these traits. [f] Assessing the phenotypic and genetic correlations between winter hardiness, vernalization response and Ascochyta blight response in chickpea. The complexity of the vernalization response and the inefficiency of our selection experiments (below) required quitting the work on ascochyta response in the framework of this project. Background to the subject: Since its introduction to the Palouse region of WA and Idaho, and the northern Great Plains, chickpea has been a spring rotation legume due to lack of winter hardiness. The short growing season of spring chickpea limits its grain yield and leaves relatively little stubble residue for combating soil erosion. In Israel, chilling temperatures limit pod setting in early springs and narrow the effective reproductive time window of the crop. Winter hardiness and vernalization response of chickpea alleles were lost due to a series of evolutionary bottlenecks; however, such alleles are prevalent in its wild progenitor’s genepool. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: It appears that both vernalization response and winter hardiness are polygenic traits in the wild-domesticated chickpea genepool. The main conclusion from the fieldwork in Israel is that selection of domesticated winter hardy and vernalization responsive types should be conducted in late flowering and late maturity backgrounds to minimize interference by daylength and temperature response alleles (see our Plant Breeding paper on the subject). The main conclusion from the US winter-hardiness studies is that excellent lines have been identified for germplasm release and continued genetic study. Several of the lines have good seed size and growth habit that will be useful for introgressing winter-hardiness into current chickpea cultivars to develop releases for autumn sowing. We sequenced the transcriptomes and profiled the expression of genes in 87 samples. Differential expression analysis identified a total of 2,452 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between vernalized plants and control plants, of which 287 were shared between two or more Cicer species studied. We cloned 498 genes controlling vernalization, named CVRN genes. Each of the CVRN genes contributes to flowering date advance (FDA) by 3.85% - 10.71%, but 413 (83%) other genes had negative effects on FDA, while only 83 (17%) had positive effects on FDA, when the plant is exposed to cold temperature. The cloned CVRN genes provide new toolkits and knowledge to develop chickpea cultivars that are suitable for autumn-sowing. Scientific & agricultural implications: Unlike the winter cereals (barley, wheat) or pea, in which a single allelic change may induce a switch from winter to spring habit, we were unable to find any evidence for such major gene action in chickpea. In agricultural terms this means that an alternative strategy must be employed in order to isolate late flowering – ascochyta resistant (winter types) domesticated forms to enable autumn sowing of chickpea in the US Great Plains. An environment was identified in U.S. (eastern Washington) where autumn-sown chickpea production is possible using the levels of winter-hardiness discovered once backcrossed into advanced cultivated material with acceptable agronomic traits. The cloned CVRN genes and identified gene networks significantly advance our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying plant vernalization in general, and chickpea in particular, and provide a new toolkit for switching chickpea from a spring-sowing to autumn-sowing crop.

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Mazzoni, Silvia, Nicholas Gregor, Linda Al Atik, Yousef Bozorgnia, David Welch i Gregory Deierlein. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis and Selecting and Scaling of Ground-Motion Records (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, listopad 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zjdn7385.

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This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group 3 (WG3), Task 3.1: Selecting and Scaling Ground-motion records. The objective of Task 3.1 is to provide suites of ground motions to be used by other working groups (WGs), especially Working Group 5: Analytical Modeling (WG5) for Simulation Studies. The ground motions used in the numerical simulations are intended to represent seismic hazard at the building site. The seismic hazard is dependent on the location of the site relative to seismic sources, the characteristics of the seismic sources in the region and the local soil conditions at the site. To achieve a proper representation of hazard across the State of California, ten sites were selected, and a site-specific probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) was performed at each of these sites for both a soft soil (Vs30 = 270 m/sec) and a stiff soil (Vs30=760 m/sec). The PSHA used the UCERF3 seismic source model, which represents the latest seismic source model adopted by the USGS [2013] and NGA-West2 ground-motion models. The PSHA was carried out for structural periods ranging from 0.01 to 10 sec. At each site and soil class, the results from the PSHA—hazard curves, hazard deaggregation, and uniform-hazard spectra (UHS)—were extracted for a series of ten return periods, prescribed by WG5 and WG6, ranging from 15.5–2500 years. For each case (site, soil class, and return period), the UHS was used as the target spectrum for selection and modification of a suite of ground motions. Additionally, another set of target spectra based on “Conditional Spectra” (CS), which are more realistic than UHS, was developed [Baker and Lee 2018]. The Conditional Spectra are defined by the median (Conditional Mean Spectrum) and a period-dependent variance. A suite of at least 40 record pairs (horizontal) were selected and modified for each return period and target-spectrum type. Thus, for each ground-motion suite, 40 or more record pairs were selected using the deaggregation of the hazard, resulting in more than 200 record pairs per target-spectrum type at each site. The suites contained more than 40 records in case some were rejected by the modelers due to secondary characteristics; however, none were rejected, and the complete set was used. For the case of UHS as the target spectrum, the selected motions were modified (scaled) such that the average of the median spectrum (RotD50) [Boore 2010] of the ground-motion pairs follow the target spectrum closely within the period range of interest to the analysts. In communications with WG5 researchers, for ground-motion (time histories, or time series) selection and modification, a period range between 0.01–2.0 sec was selected for this specific application for the project. The duration metrics and pulse characteristics of the records were also used in the final selection of ground motions. The damping ratio for the PSHA and ground-motion target spectra was set to 5%, which is standard practice in engineering applications. For the cases where the CS was used as the target spectrum, the ground-motion suites were selected and scaled using a modified version of the conditional spectrum ground-motion selection tool (CS-GMS tool) developed by Baker and Lee [2018]. This tool selects and scales a suite of ground motions to meet both the median and the user-defined variability. This variability is defined by the relationship developed by Baker and Jayaram [2008]. The computation of CS requires a structural period for the conditional model. In collaboration with WG5 researchers, a conditioning period of 0.25 sec was selected as a representative of the fundamental mode of vibration of the buildings of interest in this study. Working Group 5 carried out a sensitivity analysis of using other conditioning periods, and the results and discussion of selection of conditioning period are reported in Section 4 of the WG5 PEER report entitled Technical Background Report for Structural Analysis and Performance Assessment. The WG3.1 report presents a summary of the selected sites, the seismic-source characterization model, and the ground-motion characterization model used in the PSHA, followed by selection and modification of suites of ground motions. The Record Sequence Number (RSN) and the associated scale factors are tabulated in the Appendices of this report, and the actual time-series files can be downloaded from the PEER Ground-motion database Portal (https://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/)(link is external).

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Gelb, Jr., Jack, Yoram Weisman, Brian Ladman i Rosie Meir. Identification of Avian Infectious Brochitis Virus Variant Serotypes and Subtypes by PCR Product Cycle Sequencing for the Rational Selection of Effective Vaccines. United States Department of Agriculture, grudzień 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586470.bard.

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Objectives 1. Determine the serotypic identities of 40 recent IBV isolates from commercial chickens raised in the USA and Israel. 2. Sequence all IBV field isolates using PCR product cycle sequencing and analyze their S 1 sequence to detennine their homology to other strains in the Genbank and EMBL databases. 3. Select vaccinal strains with the highest S 1 sequence homology to the field isolates and perform challenge of immunity studies in chickens in laboratory trials to detennine level of protection afforded by the vaccines. Background Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a common, economically important disease of the chicken. IB occurs as a respiratory form, associated with airsacculitis, condemnation, and mortality of meat-type broilers, a reproductive form responsible for egg production losses in layers and breeders, and a renal form causing high mortality in broilers and pullets. The causative agent is avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Replication of the virus' RNA genome is error-prone and mutations commonly result. A major target for mutation is the gene encoding the spike (S) envelope protein used by the virus to attach and infect the host cell. Mutations in the S gene result in antigenic changes that can lead to the emergence of variant serotypes. The S gene is able to tolerate numerous mutations without compromising the virus' ability to replicate and cause disease. An end result of the virus' "flexibility" is that many strains of IBV are capable of existing in nature. Once formed, new mutant strains, often referred to as variants, are soon subjected to immunological selection so that only the most antigenically novel variants survive in poultry populations. Many novel antigenic variant serotypes and genotypes have been isolated from commercial poultry flocks. Identification of the field isolates of IBV responsible for outbreaks is critical for selecting the appropriate strain(s) for vaccination. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the Sl subunit of the envelope spike glycoprotein gene has been a common method used to identify field strains, replacing other time-consuming or less precise tests. Two PCR approaches have been used for identification, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and direct automated cycle sequence analysis of a diagnostically relevant hypervariab1e region were compared in our BARD research. Vaccination for IB, although practiced routinely in commercial flocks, is often not protective. Field isolates responsible for outbreaks may be unrelated to the strain(s) used in the vaccination program. However, vaccines may provide varying degrees of cross- protection vs. unrelated field strains so vaccination studies should be performed. Conclusions RFLP and S1 sequence analysis methods were successfully performed using the field isolates from the USA and Israel. Importantly, the S1 sequence analysis method enabled a direct comparison of the genotypes of the field strains by aligning them to sequences in public databases e.g. GenBank. Novel S1 gene sequences were identified in both USA and Israel IBVs but greater diversity was observed in the field isolates from the USA. One novel genotype, characterized in this project, Israel/720/99, is currently being considered for development as an inactivated vaccine. Vaccination with IBV strains in the US (Massachusetts, Arkansas, Delaware 072) or in Israel (Massachusetts, Holland strain) provided higher degrees of cross-protection vs. homologous than heterologous strain challenge. In many cases however, vaccination with two strains (only studies with US strains) produced reasonable cross-protection against heterologous field isolate challenge. Implications S1 sequence analysis provides numerical similarity values and phylogenetic information that can be useful, although by no means conclusive, in developing vaccine control strategies. Identification of many novel S1 genotypes of IBV in the USA is evidence that commercial flocks will be challenged today and in the future with strains unrelated to vaccines. In Israel, monitoring flocks for novel IBV field isolates should continue given the identification of Israel/720/99, and perhaps others in the future. Strains selected for vaccination of commercial flocks should induce cross- protection against unrelated genotypes. Using diverse genotypes for vaccination may result in immunity against unrelated field strains.

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Amirav, Aviv, i Steven Lehotay. Fast Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products. United States Department of Agriculture, listopad 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695851.bard.

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The overall theme of this project was to increase the speed of analysis for monitoring pesticide residues in food. Traditionally, analytical methods for multiple pesticides are time-consuming, expensive, laborious, wasteful, and ineffective to meet critical needs related to food safety. Faster and better methods were needed to provide more cost-effective detection of chemical contaminants, and thus provide a variety of benefits to agriculture. This overarching goal to speed and improve pesticide analysis was successfully accomplished even beyond what was originally proposed by the investigators in 1998. At that time, the main objectives of this project were: 1) to further develop a direct sample introduction (DSI) device that enables fast sampling and introduction of blended-only agricultural products for analysis by gas chromatography (GC); 2) to evaluate, establish, and further develop the method of simultaneous pulsed flame photometric detector (PFPD) and mass spectrometry (MS) detection for enhanced pesticide identification capabilities; and 3) to develop a new and novel MS pesticide analysis method, based on the use of supersonic molecular beams (SMB) for sampling and ionization. The first and third objectives were successfully accomplished as proposed, and the feasibility of the second objective was already demonstrated. The capabilities of the GC/SMB-MS approach alone were so useful for pesticide analysis that the simultaneous use of a PFPD was considered superfluous. Instead, the PFPD was investigated in combination with an electron-capture detector for low-cost, simultaneous analysis of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in fatty foods. Three important, novel research projects not originally described in the proposal were also accomplished: 1) development of the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method for pesticides in foods; 2) development and optimization of a method using low-pressure (LP) GC/MS to speed pesticide residue analysis; and 3) innovative application of analyte protectants to improve the GC analysis of important problematic pesticides. All of the accomplishments from this project are expected to have strong impact to the analytical community and implications to agriculture and food safety. For one, an automated DSI approach has become commercially available in combination with GC/MS for the analysis of pesticide residues. Meanwhile, the PFPD has become the selective detector of choice for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides. Great strides were made in SMB-MS through the manufacture of a prototype "Supersonic GC/MS" instrument, which displayed many advantages over commercial GC/MS instruments. Most notably, the QuEChERS method is already being disseminated to routine monitoring labs and has shown great promise to improve pesticide analytical capabilities and increase lab productivity. The implications of these developments to agriculture will be to increase the percentage of food monitored and the scope of residues detected in the food, which will serve to improve food safety. Developed and developing countries alike will be able to use these methods to lower costs and improve results, thus imported/exported food products will have better quality without affecting price or availability. This will help increase trade between nations and mitigate certain disputes over residue levels in imported foods. The improved enforcement of permissible residue levels provided by these methods will have the effect to promote good agricultural practices among previously obstinate farmers who felt no repercussions from illegal or harmful practices. Furthermore, the methods developed can be used in the field to analyze samples quickly and effectively, or to screen for high levels of dangerous chemicals that may intentionally or accidentally appear in the food supply.

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