Artykuły w czasopismach: „Seismic Zonation”

1

KAGAMI, Hiroshi. "Seismic Zonation". Zisin (Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan. 2nd ser.) 46, nr 2 (1993): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4294/zisin1948.46.2_217.

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James, Naveen, i T. G. Sitharam. "Seismic Zonations at Micro and Macro-Level for Regions in the Peninsular India". International Journal of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering 7, nr 2 (lipiec 2016): 35–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgee.2016070103.

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Due to the lack of proper preparedness in the country against natural disasters, even an earthquake of moderate magnitude can cause extensive damage. This necessitates seismic zonation. Seismic zonation is a process in which a large region is demarcated into small zones based on the levels of earthquake hazards. Seismic zonation is generally carried out at micro-level, meso-level and macro-level. Presently, there are only a few guidelines available regarding the use of a particular level of zonation for a given study area. The present study checks the suitability of various levels of seismic zonation for different regions and reviews the feasibility of various methodologies for site characterization and site effect estimation. Further the seismic zonation was carried out both at the micro (for the Kalpakkam) and macro-level (for Karnataka state) using the appropriate methodologies. Based on this, recommendations have been made regarding the suitability of various methodologies as well as the grid size to be adopted for different level of zonation based on actual studies.

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Del Gaudio, V., P. Pierri i G. Calcagnile. "Seismogenic zonation and seismic hazard estimates in a Southern Italy area (Northern Apulia) characterised by moderate seismicity rates". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, nr 1 (17.02.2009): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-161-2009.

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Abstract. The northernmost part of Apulia, in Southern Italy, is an emerged portion of the Adriatic plate, which in past centuries was hit by at least three disastrous earthquakes and at present is occasionally affected by seismic events of moderate energy. In the latest seismic hazard assessment carried out in Italy at national scale, the adopted seismogenic zonation (named ZS9) has defined for this area a single zone including parts of different structural units (chain, foredeep, foreland). However significant seismic behaviour differences were revealed among them by our recent studies and, therefore, we re-evaluated local seismic hazard by adopting a zonation, named ZNA, modifying the ZS9 to separate areas of Northern Apulia belonging to different structural domains. To overcome the problem of the limited datasets of historical events available for small zones having a relatively low rate of earthquake recurrence, an approach was adopted that integrates historical and instrumental event data. The latter were declustered with a procedure specifically devised to process datasets of low to moderate magnitude shocks. Seismicity rates were then calculated following alternative procedural choices, according to a "logic tree" approach, to explore the influence of epistemic uncertainties on the final results and to evaluate, among these, the importance of the uncertainty in seismogenic zonation. The comparison between the results obtained using zonations ZNA and ZS9 confirms the well known "spreading effect" that the use of larger seismogenic zones has on hazard estimates. This effect can locally determine underestimates or overestimates by amounts that make necessary a careful reconsideration of seismic classification and building code application.

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Adams, W. M., A. S. Furumoto i E. Herrero‐Bervera. "Recommended seismic zonation for Hawaii". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 83, S1 (maj 1988): S100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2025090.

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Bolt, B. A. "Intraplate seismicity and zonation". Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 29, nr 4 (31.12.1996): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.29.4.221-228.

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Significant intraplate earthquakes have been observed under deep oceans and in all continents except Greenland. They present special problems of seismic risk estimation compared to the more frequent interplate earthquakes. Their location in space and time is more uncertain because of the low seismicity rate, scattered locations, and lack of surface seismogenic fault evidence. Nevertheless, recent geological and seismological work in several stable continents, particularly western North America and Australia, has improved the assessment of seismic hazard maps and risk zonation in such regions. Estimation of robust synthetic ground motion spectra and time histories, however, remains relatively uncertain. Strong motion instrumentation at Continental Reference Stations (CRS) is recommended.

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Husein Malkawi, Abdallah I., Robert Y. Liang, Jamal H. Nusairat i Azm S. Al-Homoud. "Probabilistic seismic hazard zonation of Syria". Natural Hazards 12, nr 2 (wrzesień 1995): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00613073.

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Woo, Gordon. "Kernel estimation methods for seismic hazard area source modeling". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 86, nr 2 (1.04.1996): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0860020353.

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Abstract In probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, the representation of seismic sources by area zones is a standard means of data reduction. However, where the association between seismicity and geology is complex, as it is in many tectonic regimes, the construction of zone geometry may become contentiously subjective, and ambiguities may end up being resolved through appeal to the nonscientific rule of conservatism or pragmatism. Although consideration of alternative zonations within a logic-tree framework provides a channel for some of the uncertainty, it does not address the fundamental validity of the zonation procedure itself. In particular, neither the minimal assumption of uniform seismicity within a zone nor the Euclidean geometry of a zone accord with the fractal spatial distribution of seismicity, and the magnitude insensitivity of zonation ignores the spatial extent and correlations of different-sized earthquakes. An alternative procedure for area source modeling avoids Euclidean zones and is based statistically on kernel estimation of the activity rate density inferred from the regional earthquake catalog. The form of kernel is governed by the concepts of fractal geometry and self-organized criticality, with the bandwidth scaling according to magnitude. In contrast with zonal models for intraplate regions, the kernel estimation methodology makes provision for moderate earthquakes to cluster spatially, while larger events may migrate over sizeable distances.

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Aleshin, A. S. "The Paradigm of the Seismic Zonation Continuality". World Journal of Engineering and Technology 03, nr 03 (2015): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2015.33c051.

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Kim, Han-Saem, Chang-Guk Sun, Mingi Kim, Hyung-Ik Cho i Moon-Gyo Lee. "GIS-Based Optimum Geospatial Characterization for Seismic Site Effect Assessment in an Inland Urban Area, South Korea". Applied Sciences 10, nr 21 (23.10.2020): 7443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217443.

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Soil and rock characteristics are primarily affected by geological, geotechnical, and terrain variation with spatial uncertainty. Earthquake-induced hazards are also strongly influenced by site-specific seismic site effects associated with subsurface strata and soil stiffness. For reliable mapping of soil and seismic zonation, qualification and normalization of spatial uncertainties is required; this can be achieved by interactive refinement of a geospatial database with remote sensing-based and geotechnical information. In this study, geotechnical spatial information and zonation were developed while verifying database integrity, spatial clustering, optimization of geospatial interpolation, and mapping site response characteristics. This framework was applied to Daejeon, South Korea, to consider spatially biased terrain, geological, and geotechnical properties in an inland urban area. For developing the spatially best-matched geometry with remote sensing data at high spatial resolution, the hybrid model blended with two outlier detection methods was proposed and applied for geotechnical datasets. A multiscale grid subdivided by hot spot-based clusters was generated using the optimized geospatial interpolation model. A principal component analysis-based unified zonation map identified vulnerable districts in the central old downtown area based on the integration of the optimized geoprocessing framework. Performance of the geospatial mapping and seismic zonation was discussed with digital elevation model, geological map.

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Borcherdt, R. D. "On the observation, characterisation, and predictive GIS mapping of strong ground shaking for seismic zonation". Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 24, nr 4 (31.12.1991): 287–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.24.4.287-305.

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Tragic earthquakes of the last decade in Mexico, Armenia, and the United States have re-emphasised the importance of local geologic site conditions in determining amounts of damage and consequent loss of life. Extensive data sets in the San Francisco Bay region on strong earthquake ground motions, the damage distributions from past earthquakes, and geologic materials provide the basis to quantify site condition effects for purposes of earthquake hazard mitigation. These observational data are reviewed and analysed to provide methodologies for the characterisation and predictive mapping of potential variations in strong ground shaking for seismic zonation. The methodologies are based on existing geologic maps. They provide a method for seismic zonation applicable to many urbanised seismic regions of the world.

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Seneviratne, H. N., K. K. Wijesundara, L. R. K. Perera i P. B. R. Dissanayake. "A Macro Seismic Hazard Zonation for Sri Lanka". Engineer: Journal of the Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka 53, nr 3 (26.07.2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/engineer.v53i3.7418.

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Muço, B., F. Vaccari, G. Panza i N. Kuka. "Seismic zonation in Albania using a deterministic approach". Tectonophysics 344, nr 3-4 (luty 2002): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(01)00279-7.

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Vamvakaris, D. A., C. B. Papazachos, Ch A. Papaioannou, E. M. Scordilis i G. F. Karakaisis. "A detailed seismic zonation model for shallow earthquakes in the broader Aegean area". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, nr 1 (18.01.2016): 55–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-55-2016.

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Abstract. In the present work we propose a new seismic zonation model of area type sources for the broader Aegean area, which can be readily used for seismic hazard assessment. The definition of this model is based not only on seismicity information but incorporates all available seismotectonic and neotectonic information for the study area, in an attempt to define zones which show not only a rather homogeneous seismicity release but also exhibit similar active faulting characteristics. For this reason, all available seismological information such as fault plane solutions and the corresponding kinematic axes have been incorporated in the analysis, as well as information about active tectonics, such as seismic and active faults. Moreover, various morphotectonic features (e.g. relief, coastline) were also considered. Finally, a revised seismic catalogue is employed and earthquake epicentres since historical times (550 BC–2008) are employed, in order to define areas of common seismotectonic characteristics, that could constitute a discrete seismic zone. A new revised model of 113 earthquake seismic zones of shallow earthquakes for the broader Aegean area is finally proposed. Using the proposed zonation model, a detailed study is performed for the catalogue completeness for the recent instrumental period.Using the defined completeness information, seismicity parameters (such as G–R values) for the 113 new seismic zones have been calculated, and their spatial distribution was also examined. The spatial variation of the obtained b values shows an excellent correlation with the geotectonic setting in the area, in good agreement with previous studies. Moreover, a quantitative estimation of seismicity is performed in terms of the mean return period, Tm, of large (M ≥ 6.0) earthquakes, as well as the most frequent maximum magnitude, Mt, for a typical time period (T = 50 yr), revealing significant spatial variations of seismicity levels within the study area. The new proposed seismic zonation model and its parameters can be readily employed for seismic hazard assessment for the broader Aegean area.

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Vamvakaris, D. A., C. B. Papazachos, C. Papaioannou, E. M. Scordilis i G. F. Karakaisis. "A detailed seismic zonation model for shallow earthquakes in the broader Aegean area". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, nr 6 (25.11.2013): 6719–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-6719-2013.

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Abstract. In the present work we present an effort to define a new seismic zonation model of area type sources for the broader Aegean area, which can be readily used for seismic hazard assessment. The definition of this model is based not only on seismicity information but incorporates all available seismotectonic and neotectonic information available for the study area, in an attempt to define zones which show not only a rather homogeneous seismicity release but also exhibit similar active faulting characteristics. For this reason, all available seismological information such as fault plane solutions and the corresponding kinematic axes have been incorporated in the analysis, as well as information about active tectonics, such as seismic and active faults. Moreover, various morphotectonic features (e.g. relief, coastline) were also considered. Finally, a revised seismic catalogue is employed and earthquake epicentres since historical times (550 BC–2008) are considered, in order to define areas of common seismotectonic characteristics, that could constitute a discrete seismic zone. A new revised model of 113 earthquake seismic zones of shallow earthquakes for the broader Aegean area is finally proposed. Using the proposed zonation model, a detailed study is performed for the catalogue completeness for the recent instrumental period. Using the defined completeness information, seismicity parameters (such as G–R values) for the 113 new seismic zones have been calculated, and their spatial distribution was also examined. The spatial variation of the obtained b values shows an excellent correlation with the geotectonic setting in the area, in good agreement with previous studies. Moreover, a quantitative estimation of seismicity is performed in terms of the mean return period, Tm, of large (M ≥ 6.0) earthquakes, as well as the most frequent maximum magnitude, Mt, for a typical time period (T = 50 yr), revealing significant spatial variations of seismicity levels within the study area. The new proposed seismic zonation model and its parameters can be readily employed for seismic hazard assessment for the broader Aegean area.

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15

Secanell, R., X. Goula, T. Susagna, J. Fleta i A. Roca. "Seismic hazard zonation of Catalonia, Spain, integrating random uncertainties". Journal of Seismology 8, nr 1 (styczeń 2004): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jose.0000009516.91044.51.

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Yilmaz, Öz, Murat Eser i Mehmet Berilgen. "A case study of seismic zonation in municipal areas". Leading Edge 25, nr 3 (marzec 2006): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2184100.

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Shi, Zhenliang, Jiaquan Yan i Mengtan Gao. "Research on the principle and methodology of seismic zonation". Acta Seismologica Sinica 5, nr 2 (maj 1992): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02651697.

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Oyarzo-Vera, Claudio A., Graeme H. McVerry i Jason M. Ingham. "Seismic Zonation and Default Suite of Ground-Motion Records for Time-History Analysis in the North Island of New Zealand". Earthquake Spectra 28, nr 2 (maj 2012): 667–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000016.

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A seismic zonation to be used in the selection of ground-motion records for time-history analysis of buildings in the North Island of New Zealand is presented. Both deaggregations of the probabilistic seismic hazard model and the seismological characteristics of the expected ground motions at different locations were considered in order to define the zonation. A profile of the records expected to apply within each zone according to the identified hazard scenarios is presented and suites of records are proposed for each zone, based on region-wide criteria, to be used in time-history analysis in the absence of site specific studies. A solution for structures with fundamental periods of between 0.4 and 2.0 seconds is proposed, considering a 500-year return period and two common site classes (C and D, according to the New Zealand Loadings Standard).

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Decanini, Luis, Giacomo Di Pasquale, Paolo Galli, Fabrizio Mollaioli i Tito Sanò. "Seismic Hazard and Seismic Zonation of the Region Affected by the 2002 Molise, Italy, Earthquake". Earthquake Spectra 20, nr 1_suppl (lipiec 2004): 131–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1771012.

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In 1998, a new system of seismic classification promoted by the Department of Civil Protection identified the area in Italy hit by the 2002 earthquake in Molise and Puglia as a Zone 2 (moderately seismic). However, this classification was not adopted until March 2003, when an ordinance passed that partially closed the gap between scientific knowledge and official recognition of seismic hazard and that established a method for constantly updating the classification in the future. This paper reviews some of the methods available to assess the seismic hazard, particularly referring to the rich seismic history of Italy and using the “Associated Seismic Area” concept. This study confirms that the area affected by this earthquake should be considered as Zone 2. An appendix presents data on the seismic risk of existing buildings in the area and concludes that it is high for masonry buildings and that a strengthening program is needed.

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Sharma, M. L., H. R. Wason i R. Dimri. "Seismic Zonation of the Delhi Region for Bedrock Ground Motion". Pure and Applied Geophysics 160, nr 12 (1.12.2003): 2381–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-003-2400-6.

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Laurenzano, Giovanna, Marco Garbin, Stefano Parolai, Carla Barnaba, Marco Romanelli i Luca Froner. "High-resolution local seismic zonation by cluster and correlation analysis". Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 173 (październik 2023): 108122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2023.108122.

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Hampshire De C. Santos, Sergio, Luca Zanaica, Carmen Bucur i Silvio De Souza Lima. "Comparative Study of Codes for Seismic Design of Structures". Mathematical Modelling in Civil Engineering 9, nr 1 (1.03.2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mmce-2013-0001.

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Abstract This paper presents a comparative evaluation among some international, European and American, seismic design standards. The study considers the criteria for the analysis of conventional (residential and commercial) buildings. The study is focused on some critical topics: definition of the recurrence periods for establishing the seismic input; definition of the seismic zonation and shape of the design response spectra; consideration of local soil conditions; definition of the seismic force-resisting systems and respective response modification coefficients; definition of the allowable procedures for the seismic analysis. A model for a standard reinforced concrete building (“Model Building”) has been developed to permit the comparison among codes. This building has been modelled with two different computer programs, SAP2000 and SOFiSTiK and subjected to seismic input according to the several seismic codes. The obtained results compared are leading to some important conclusions.

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Zhang, Ze Zhong, Zhi Jian Wu, Ping Wang, Wu Jian Yan i Tuo Chen. "Influencing Factors Analysis and Zonation Model Research of Landslides in Loess Region". Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (listopad 2012): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.167.

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Landslides zoning is an effective method of avoiding losses resulted from landslides in the loess areas. In this paper, the most important factors influencing the loess landslides are analyzed. As the five most important impact factors inducing the landslides，earthquake, water, slope, land use and natural density are selected to build a classification model based on AHP method. We obtained three kinds of landslides zonation maps under seismic motion with different exceedance probabilities. Combined with actual exploration, the zonation of landslides in Tianshui city is consistent with actual situation, which indicates that the classification model and the selected factors are appropriate to the loess landslide zoning.

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Karpenko, Larisa, Evgenia Aleshina, Sergey Kurtkin, Evgeniy Vedernikov i Vladimir Atrokhin. "Results of fundamental and applied seismological research in the Magadan region in 2016-2020". Russian Journal of Seismology 3, nr 4 (21.12.2021): 58–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35540/2686-7907.2021.4.04.

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The results of fundamental and applied research, carried out by Magadan Branch of GS RAS during 2016-2020 in Magadan and Chukotka regions are presenting. Estimation of Seismic hazard of Russia’s Northeast (Magadan region) and seismic hazard maps for recurrence periods of 500, 1000 and 5000 years in scale close to that of detailed seismic zoning (DSZ) were made in cooperation with Institute of the Earth’s Physics RAS. In course of this work the estimation of initial seismic intensity and parameters of possible ground shaking in areas of critical facilities of Magadan region were made. For all of them a seismic micro zonation was carried out with methods of direct earthquake registration and comparing acoustic impedance. As result, a seismic amplification and intensity of seismic impact on the soils under main critical facilities were obtaining. The research results are shown on detailed seismic zoning maps that are basic for building projects of objects above.

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Molchan, George, Tatiana Kronrod i Giuliano F. Panza. "Multi-scale seismicity model for seismic risk". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 87, nr 5 (1.10.1997): 1220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0870051220.

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Abstract For a general use of the frequency-magnitude (FM) relation in seismic risk assessment, we formulate a multi-scale approach that relies on the hypothesis that only the ensemble of events that are geometrically small, compared with the elements of the seismotectonic regionalization, can be described by a log-linear FM relation. It follows that the seismic zonation must be performed at several scales, depending upon the self-similarity conditions of the seismic events and the linearity of the log FM relation, in the magnitude range of interest. The analysis of worldwide seismicity, using the Harvard catalog, where the seismic moment is recorded as the earthquake size, corroborates the idea that a single FM relation is not universally applicable. The multi-scale model of the FM relation is tested in the Italian region.

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van Ginkel, Janneke, Elmer Ruigrok, Jan Stafleu i Rien Herber. "Development of a seismic site-response zonation map for the Netherlands". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 22, nr 1 (6.01.2022): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-41-2022.

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Abstract. Earthquake site response is an essential part of seismic hazard assessment, especially in densely populated areas. The shallow geology of the Netherlands consists of a very heterogeneous soft sediment cover, which has a strong effect on the amplitude of ground shaking. Even though the Netherlands is a low- to moderate-seismicity area, the seismic risk cannot be neglected, in particular, because shallow induced earthquakes occur. The aim of this study is to establish a nationwide site-response zonation by combining 3D lithostratigraphic models and earthquake and ambient vibration recordings. As a first step, we constrain the parameters (velocity contrast and shear-wave velocity) that are indicative of ground motion amplification in the Groningen area. For this, we compare ambient vibration and earthquake recordings using the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method, borehole empirical transfer functions (ETFs), and amplification factors (AFs). This enables us to define an empirical relationship between the amplification measured from earthquakes by using the ETF and AF and the amplification estimated from ambient vibrations by using the HVSR. With this, we show that the HVSR can be used as a first proxy for site response. Subsequently, HVSR curves throughout the Netherlands are estimated. The HVSR amplitude characteristics largely coincide with the in situ lithostratigraphic sequences and the presence of a strong velocity contrast in the near surface. Next, sediment profiles representing the Dutch shallow subsurface are categorised into five classes, where each class represents a level of expected amplification. The mean amplification for each class, and its variability, is quantified using 66 sites with measured earthquake amplification (ETF and AF) and 115 sites with HVSR curves. The site-response (amplification) zonation map for the Netherlands is designed by transforming geological 3D grid cell models into the five classes, and an AF is assigned to most of the classes. This site-response assessment, presented on a nationwide scale, is important for a first identification of regions with increased seismic hazard potential, for example at locations with mining or geothermal energy activities.

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Hashemi, Mahdi, Ali Asghar Alesheikh i Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari. "A spatio-temporal model for probabilistic seismic hazard zonation of Tehran". Computers & Geosciences 58 (sierpień 2013): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2013.04.005.

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Cid, J., T. Susagna, X. Goula, L. Chavarria, S. Figueras, J. Fleta, A. Casas i A. Roca. "Seismic Zonation of Barcelona Based on Numerical Simulation of Site Effects". Pure and Applied Geophysics 158, nr 12 (grudzień 2001): 2559–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00001186.

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Peruzza, L., A. Rebez, D. Slejko i P. L. Bragato. "The Umbria–Marche case: some suggestions for the Italian seismic zonation". Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 20, nr 5-8 (grudzień 2000): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0267-7261(00)00084-1.

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Walling, M. Yanger, i William K. Mohanty. "An overview on the seismic zonation and microzonation studies in India". Earth-Science Reviews 96, nr 1-2 (wrzesień 2009): 67–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.05.002.

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Yepes-Heredia, Jairo E. "“Probabilistic Landslide Hazard Methodology, an Application to a Susceptible Area to Landslides in Colombia”". Journal of Civil Engineering Research & Technology 3, nr 2 (30.06.2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47363/jcert/2021(3)116.

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A Probabilistic method was previously used to perform Probabilistic Hazard Zonation in El Salvador using a new proposed probabilistic methodology (Rodriguez, Yepes 2011). The current project is a case study that uses the same methodology and tries to cover the limitations of the previous and first application, and applied to two historically unstable landslides in Pipiral, an unstable area in the Central Region of Colombia. The susceptibility angle was used as the susceptibility function. Rainfall and earthquakes are considered as landslides triggers. Besides zonation, modeling was performed because the probability model was initially designed to do the zonation of larger areas. A database from “four countries in Central-America and Colombia” of Rainfall Induced Landslides in Fine-grained soils and a database of “historic and worldwide” Earthquake Induced Landslides, were considered to support the model. The intensity-duration-frequency (I-D-F) curves for the Pipiral-Colombia were used to define the probability of occurrence of the critical rainfall, and the seismic hazard analysis of the same area was used to define the probability of occurrence of the critical earthquake.

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Marillier, François, Charlotte E. Keen, Glen S. Stockmal, Garry Quinlan, Harold Williams, Stephen P. Colman-Sadd i Sean J. O'Brien. "Crustal structure and surface zonation of the Canadian Appalachians: implications of deep seismic reflection data". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, nr 2 (1.02.1989): 305–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-025.

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In 1986, 1181 km of marine seismic reflection data was collected to 18–20 s of two-way traveltime in the Gulf of St. Lawrence area. The seismic profiles sample all major surface tectono-stratigraphic zones of the Canadian Appalachians. They complement the 1984 deep reflection survey northeast of Newfoundland. Together, the seismic profiles reveal the regional three-dimensional geometry of the orogen.Three lower crustal blocks are distinguished on the seismic data. They are referred to as the Grenville, Central, and Avalon blocks, from west to east. The Grenville block is wedge shaped in section, and its subsurface edge follows the form of the Appalachian structural front. The Grenville block abuts the Central block at mid-crustal to mantle depths. The Avalon block meets the Central block at a steep junction that penetrates the entire crust.Consistent differences in the seismic character of the Moho help identify boundaries of the deep crustal blocks. The Moho signature varies from uniform over extended distances to irregular with abrupt depth changes. In places the Moho is offset by steep reflections that cut the lower crust and upper mantle. In other places, the change in Moho elevation is gradual, with lower crustal reflections following its form. In all three blocks the crust is generally highly reflective, with no distinction between a transparent upper crust and reflective lower crust.In general, Carboniferous and Mesozoic basins crossed by the seismic profiles overlie thinner crust. However, a deep Moho is found at some places beneath the Carboniferous Magdalen Basin.The Grenville block belongs to the Grenville Craton; the Humber Zone is thrust over its dipping southwestern edge. The Dunnage Zone is allochthonous above the opposing Grenville and Central blocks. The Gander Zone may be the surface expression of the Central block or may be allochthonous itself. There is a spatial analogy between the Avalon block and the Avalon Zone. Our profile across the Meguma Zone is too short to seismically distinguish this zone from the Avalon Zone.

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Olshansky, Robert B. "Implementation of Seismic Hazard Mitigation in the Central United States: The Policy - Setting Role of the States". Seismological Research Letters 63, nr 3 (1.07.1992): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.63.3.483.

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Abstract This research examines the potential for state-level seismic hazard mitigation policies in the seven member states of the Central United States Earthquake Consortium. The federal government requires mitigation to be a significant component of emergency preparedness activities, but such activities are only beginning to be implemented in the Central U.S. This paper describes current activities by the seven states and identifies future needs. The research found that awareness and preparedness activities have increased markedly over the past few years, five of the states now have state seismic building code requirements, several states have active seismic advisory councils, and some states are using innovative funding methods to finance seismic zonation mapping. The greatest future needs are to continue these efforts as well as initiate programs for existing building hazards and non-structural hazards. Programs should emphasize critical facilities.

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Pavel, Florin, Radu Vacareanu i Kyriazis Pitilakis. "Preliminary Evaluation of the Impact of Eurocode 8 Draft Revision on the Seismic Zonation of Romania". Applied Sciences 12, nr 2 (10.01.2022): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020649.

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This study is focused on the impact of the Eurocode 8 draft revision on the seismic zonation of Romania, one of the countries with the highest hazard levels in Europe. In this study, the design response spectra are evaluated for a number of sites in Romania for which both shear wave velocity profiles and ground motion recordings are available. The impact of the proposed changes on the structural design for structures situated in the southern part of Romania is also discussed. The results show considerable differences between the design response spectra computed according to the Eurocode 8 draft revision and the design response spectra from the current Romanian seismic code P100-1/2013. The differences are larger in the case of the sites situated in the southern part of Romania and those which have large design values for the control period TC. In Bucharest, for instance, it was found that the maximum design spectral accelerations would correspond to those from the 2006 version of the code while the maximum design spectral displacements would be significantly smaller than the levels produced by the 1981 or 1992 versions of the code. The results presented herein show that the differences in the seismic hazard and design ground motions are mainly due to the effects of local soil and site conditions and the associated site amplification proposed in the current Romanian seismic code and EC8 draft revision. Moreover, it has been shown that more analyses are needed to apply the seismic actions proposed in Eurocode 8 revision specifically for the sites in Romania under the influence of Vrancea intermediate-depth earthquakes so as to ensure an increased level of seismic safety for structures designed and built in the future.

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Pokhrel, Rama Mohan, Jiro Kuwano i Shinya Tachibana. "Liquefaction hazard zonation mapping of the Saitama City, Japan". Journal of Nepal Geological Society 40 (1.12.2010): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v40i0.23598.

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Liquefaction hazard zonation mapping of the Saitama City targeted on the Kanto Plain NW Edge Fault is described in this paper. The study involves the geotechnical properties of the alluvial soil of the city including Standard Penetration Test (SPT), shear wave velocity and other geological data analysis. The city being highly urbanized is situated on the soft soil (alluvial deposits) at the proximity of an active seismic fault that has increased the possibility of liquefaction hazard in the area. Kanto Plain NW Edge Fault is an active fault that lies very near to the Saitama City having the estimated possible earthquake magnitude of 7.4. The possible peak horizontal ground acceleration (amax) from this earthquake is calculated as from 0.15 g to 0.30 g. By considering all possible acceleration values the liquefaction potential maps were prepared and presented in this paper. Additionally, the shear wave velocity is very low and amplification ratio is very high at the marshy deposit but it has comparatively high velocity and low amplification ratio at the marine loam deposit area of the Omiya Plateau. In this paper the liquefaction potential of the area is expressed in terms of liquefaction potential index (PL). The PL value for the clayey silt deposit in the marshy area with shallow water table is very high. In addition, the PL value in the marine loam deposit of the Omiya Plateau is less which indicates that loam deposit has less liquefaction potential than marshy deposit. The map obtained from this study was validated with the field condition of the study area. Hence, it is expected that this study will assist in characterizing the seismic hazards and its mitigation and will provide valuable information for urban planning in the study area in future.

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Hussain, Alamgeer, Mobushir Riaz Khan, Naeem Abbas Malik, Muhammad Amin, Mazhar Hussain Shah i Muhammad Naveed Tahir. "GIS based mapping and analysis of landslide hazard’s impact on tourism: a case study of Balakot valley, Pakistan". International Journal of Advanced Geosciences 5, nr 2 (4.11.2017): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v5i2.8335.

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The Landslide occurs in mountainous area due to failure of slope through intensive rain and earthquake. Region wise Himalayan is one of prone area of world in context of slope failure hazard; i.e. Landslide, especially Balakot valley is well known for damage of public infrastructure, roads and badly affected the tourism sector. The objective of this study is to develop landslide hazard map and database inventory of balakot tehsil and identify the Tourist resorts landslide hazard condition and hazard prone road site and developed guidelines for tourist about hazardous site and their intensity of landside, which could be useful for tourism sector and sustainable development in balakot valley. In this study we used weighted overlay analysis in arc GIS environment on primary and secondary data raster layers, like slope map, Slope Aspect map, precipitation and seismic raster maps were used to develop landslide hazard zonation map of balakot tehsil. Slope and Aspect map were developed using 30 meter aster digital elevation model. Precipitation map were developed through Inverse Distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method on annual precipitation data acquired from Pakistan meteorological department. Seismic map were acquired from Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP). Landslide zonation map has three hazards class high, Medium and low. The landslide exposure of high hazard class 499 sq.km while, Medium class 1016 sq.km and low hazard class having 749 sq. km exposure in balakot tehsil respectively. Landslide hazard zonation mapping using GIS and RS is the best way to assess the risk of landslide hazard in mountainous areas. The study recommended that ground penetrating radar (GPR) and soil testing based research well help to understand in-depth of landslide hazard condition in balakot valley.

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Zahran, Hani M., Vladimir Sokolov, M. John Roobol, Ian C. F. Stewart, Salah El-Hadidy Youssef i Mahmoud El-Hadidy. "On the development of a seismic source zonation model for seismic hazard assessment in western Saudi Arabia". Journal of Seismology 20, nr 3 (29.01.2016): 747–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10950-016-9555-y.

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Burlotos, Christianos, Kevin Walsh, Tatiana Goded, Graeme McVerry, Nicholas Brooke i Jason Ingham. "Seismic zonation and default suites of ground-motion records for time-history analysis in the South Island of New Zealand". Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 55, nr 1 (1.03.2022): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.55.1.25-42.

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The rise of performance-based earthquake engineering, in combination with the complexity associated with selecting records for time-history analysis, demonstrates an expressed need for localized default suites of ground motion records for structural designers to use in the absence of site-specific studies. In the current research investigation, deaggregations of probabilistic seismic hazard models (National Seismic Hazard Model, Canterbury Seismic Hazard Model, and Kaikōura Seismic Hazard Model) and the location-specific seismological characteristics of expected ground motions were used to define eight seismic hazard zonations and accompanying suite profiles for the South Island of New Zealand to satisfy the requirements of the New Zealand structural design standard NZS1170.5 for response-history analyses. Specific records, including 21 from the recent Kaikōura, Darfield, and Christchurch earthquakes, were then selected from publicly-available databases and presented as default suites for use in time-history analyses in the absence of site-specific studies. This investigation encompasses seismic hazards corresponding to 500-year return periods, site classes C (shallow soils) and D (deep soils), and buildings with fundamental periods between 0.4 and 2.0 seconds.

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Bragato, P. L., i G. Bressan. "Automatic Seismic Zonation Based on Stress-Field Uniformity Assessed from Focal Mechanisms". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 96, nr 6 (1.12.2006): 2050–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120060063.

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Boccaletti, M., G. Corti, P. Gasperini, L. Piccardi, G. Vannucci i S. Clemente. "Active Tectonics and Seismic Zonation of the Urban Area of Florence, Italy". Pure and Applied Geophysics 158, nr 12 (grudzień 2001): 2313–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00001172.

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Estu Broto, Prasepvianto, Nidya Lena Fitriah Laksana, Muh Said L, Hernawati Hernawati, Sefrilita Sefrilita i Sefrilita Risqi Adikaning Rani Rani. "MICRO-ZONATION STUDY OF POTENTIAL SEISMIC HAZARDS BASED ON PEAK GROUND ACCELERATION (PGA) VALUE IN THE NORTH KONAWE OFFICE AREA". JOURNAL ONLINE OF PHYSICS 8, nr 1 (22.11.2022): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jop.v8i1.20232.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for seismic hazard based on the peak ground acceleration value in the North Konawe office area. This study uses the HVSR method to obtain the dominant frequency, amplification factor, dominant period, seismic vulnerability index and Peak Ground Acceleration. The results obtained from the microzonation of the distribution of the dominant frequency value with a high category were found at 5 measurement points, the amplification factor with a low category was found at 1 measurement point, the dominant period with a low category was found at 6 measurement points and the seismic vulnerability index with a low category was found at 5 points. measurement. Overall the research area is included in the level of seismic hazard risk, not high potential but in the low category. While the microzonation of the distribution of PGA values obtained values ranging from 23,2381-23,3231 gal which belong to the low seismic hazard risk level. Where it can be described in this area the earthquake that occurred can be felt by many people but caused damage. The light objects that were hung swayed and the windows shook. So it can be concluded that this research area is included in the category of low seismic hazard level

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Rosset, Philippe, Allison L. Bent i Luc E. Chouinard. "Correlating DYFI Data With Seismic Microzonation in the Region of Montreal". Earth Science Research 9, nr 2 (31.07.2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/esr.v9n2p85.

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The Western Quebec seismic zone has moderate seismic activity with few historical damaging earthquakes. Nevertheless, recent risk analyses have shown that the combination of a high level of urbanization with soft soil deposits in the metropolitan area of Montreal could lead to significant damage and economic losses. Over the two decades, several projects have been completed to develop a seismic microzonation to identify zones where seismic waves could be amplified. During the same period, Natural Resources Canada developed an internet application to collect reports from the population after an earthquake and to convert them to the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale (MMI). This paper presents a first comparison of the MMI data compiled after eight recent earthquakes felt in Montreal area with the existing zonation in terms of soil classes. It shows that the MMI from individual reports increases when the observer is located in a soft soil zone. Statistics on average MMI over a regular grid confirms this trend. The numerous reports collected through the internet application, and future applications based on data collected from social media, could become a very useful source of information to complement seismic field measurements when developing and validating seismic microzonation maps.

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Parise, M. "Landslide hazard zonation of slopes susceptible to rock falls and topples". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 2, nr 1/2 (30.06.2002): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2-37-2002.

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Abstract. A landslide hazard zonation is a division of the land surface into areas, and the relative ranking of these areas according to degrees of actual or potential hazard from landslides on slopes. Zonation from scientific research does not generally imply legal restrictions, but can be useful to those people who are charged with the land management, by providing them with information that is indispensable for planning and regulation purposes. This paper presents a zonation of rock slopes in carbonate mountains on the boundary to the east of the valley of the Sele River (Campania, southern Apennines of Italy). The mountains are severely affected by rock falls and topples, and the related hazard is, therefore, very high; the presence of inhabited areas (the towns of Valva, Colliano and Collianello) and other human infrastructures at the slope foothills make these phenomena extremely dangerous to the anthropogenic environment. The area is highly seismic, as experienced on the occasion of several moderate to strong earthquakes that have hit this sector of the Apennines. According to the zonation proposed here, the ridge of Mount Valva and Mount Marzano is subdivided into four main areas on the basis of the processes which take place in the different sectors of the mountains: the source area, the talus slope, the rockfall shadow (where scattered outlying boulders are present), and the safe area (outside of the reach of fallen blocks). The four sectors were identified through air-photo interpretation and detailed field surveys, aimed in particular at characterizing and interpreting the main rock mass joint patterns, and their relative orientation with respect to the local slope direction. Geological, morphological and structural analyses permitted one to evaluate and classify those parts of the slope that are more susceptible to detachment of rocks, and to identify the more diffuse types of failure. Due to high seismicity of the study area, particular attention was given to the evaluation of the seismic susceptibility to rock falls, by applying two methods recently proposed in literature. Results from this phase of the study were then integrated by additional information from historical research on slope movements occurred previously in the area. The landslide hazard zonation, shown on large-scale cartography, could be compared to maps depicting the distribution and typology of the anthropogenic activities, and thus constitutes a useful tool for administrators and planners, in order to evaluate the hazards related to slope movements, and the vulnerability of settlements, roads, and other man-made infrastructures.

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Rugarli, Paolo, Franco Vaccari i Giuliano Panza. "Seismogenic nodes as a viable alternative to seismogenic zones and observed seismicity for the definition of seismic hazard at regional scale". VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 41, nr 4 (16.08.2019): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/41/4/14233.

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A fixed increment of magnitude is equivalent to multiply the seismic moment by a factor γEM related to the partial factor γq acting on the seismic moment representing the fault. A comparison is made between the hazard maps obtained with the Neo-Deterministic Seismic Hazard Assessment (NDSHA), using two different approaches: one based on the events magnitude, listed in parametric earthquake catalogues compiled for the study areas, with sources located within the seismogenic zones; the other uses the seismogenic nodes identified by means of pattern recognition techniques applied to morphostructural zonation (MSZ), and increases the reference magnitude by a constant amount tuned by the safety factor γEM.Using γEM=2.0, in most of the territory the two approaches produce totally independent, comparable hazard maps, based on the quite long Italian catalogue. This represents a validation of the seismogenic nodes method and a tuning of the safety factor γEM at about 2.

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Giovinazzi, Sonia. "Geotechnical hazard representation for seismic risk analysis". Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 42, nr 3 (30.09.2009): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.42.3.221-234.

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Seismic risk analysis, either deterministic or probabilistic, along with the use of a GIS environment to represent the results, are helpful tools to support decision making for planning and prioritizing seismic risk management strategies. This paper focuses on the importance of an appropriate geotechnical hazard representation within a seismic risk analysis process. An overview of alternative methods for geotechnical zonation available in literature is provided, with a level of refinement appropriate to the information available. It is worth noting that in such methods, the definition of the site effect amplifications does not account for the characteristics of the built environment affecting the soil-structure interaction. Alternative methods able to account for both the soil conditions and the characteristics of the built environment have been recently proposed and are herein discussed. Within a framework for seismic risk analysis, different formulations would thus derive depending on both the intensity measure and the vulnerability approach adopted. In conclusion, an immediate visualization of the importance of the geotechnical hazard evaluation within a seismic risk analysis is provided in terms of the variation of the expected damage and consequence distribution with reference to a case-study.

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Rohaendi, Nendi, Rahayu Robiana, Emi Sukiyah, Dicky Muslim i Athanasius Cipta. "Seismic Hazard Zonation in Gedebage Future Development in Bandung City Using HVSR Inversion". International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 11, nr 3 (14.06.2021): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.11.3.14996.

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Zhao, Heng, i Er-xiang Song. "A method for predicting co-seismic displacements of slopes for landslide hazard zonation". Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 40 (wrzesień 2012): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.04.001.

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Afzal, Peyman, Ahmad Adib i Naser Ebadati. "Delineation of seismic zonation using fractal modeling in West Yazd province, Central Iran". Journal of Seismology 22, nr 6 (1.08.2018): 1377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10950-018-9770-9.

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Candia, Gabriel, Jorge Macedo, Miguel A. Jaimes i Carolina Magna‐Verdugo. "A New State‐of‐the‐Art Platform for Probabilistic and Deterministic Seismic Hazard Assessment". Seismological Research Letters 90, nr 6 (11.09.2019): 2262–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190025.

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ABSTRACT A new computational platform for seismic hazard assessment is presented. The platform, named SeismicHazard, allows characterizing the intensity, uncertainty, and likelihood of ground motions from subduction‐zone (shallow interface and intraslab) and crustal‐zone earthquakes, considering site‐specific as well as regional‐based assessments. The platform is developed as an object‐oriented MATLAB graphical user interface, and it features several state‐of‐the‐art capabilities for probabilistic and deterministic (scenario‐based) seismic hazard assessment. The platform integrates the latest developments in performance‐based earthquake engineering for seismic hazard assessment, including seismic zonation models, ground‐motion models (GMMs), ground‐motion correlation structures, and the estimation of design spectra (uniform hazard spectra, classical conditional mean spectrum (CMS) for a unique tectonic setting). In addition to these standard capabilities, the platform supports advanced features, not commonly found in existing seismic hazard codes, such as (a) computation of source parameters from earthquake catalogs, (b) vector‐probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, (c) hazard evaluation based on conditional GMMs and user‐defined GMMs, (d) uncertainty treatment in the median ground motions through continuous GMM distributions, (e) regional shaking fields, and (f) estimation of CMS considering multiple GMMs and multiple tectonic settings. The results from the platform have been validated against accepted and well‐documented benchmark solutions.

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Patel, M., C. Solanki i T. Thaker. "Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis of Bharuch City and Surrounding Region". Disaster Advances 15, nr 7 (25.06.2022): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1507da027033.

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The research of seismic hazards along with their preparedness is critical for the development of structures which are both safe and economically effective. Ankleshwar, also known as the "Chemical Capital of India," is located in Bharuch district situated on Gujarat's south-west coast and it is categorised as seismic zone III by the Indian seismic zonation system. Past earthquake data and accessible seismotectonic information were used to conduct a deterministic seismic hazard study of the Bharuch region. After processing earthquake data obtained from 1819 to 2019, a separate seismic catalogue encompassing a 400-kilometer radius around Bharuch city was created. To get rid of the dependent events, the complete catalogue was declustered. Using basic mathematical procedures, the minimum distances from every seismic source generating tectonic activity were estimated. Predictive correlations for the region were used to estimate the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) values at bedrock level. The present analysis shows that with a maximum probable earthquake of magnitude 5.8 triggered by the Narmada Son Fault (NSF), the values of PGA of Bharuch region have ranged from 0.086 to 0.51 g. The key design parameters for the Bharuch city and surrounding region are provided by the PGA model discussed in this study.

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