Rozprawy doktorskie: „Secteur du bois”

1

Bilodeau, Pier-Luc. "Le pouvoir en négociation collective dans la secteur privé : analyse d'un cas du secteur manufacturier du bois". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25497/25497.pdf.

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Chakir, Raja. "Analyse microéconométrique des substitutions inter-énergétiques : application au secteur bois et papier français". Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10073.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'analyser les possibilités de substitution entre formes d'énergie sur un panel de données individuelles d'entreprises françaises du secteur bois et papier. Tout d'abord, nous proposons l'estimation d'un système de 3 formes d'énergie en modélisant les dépenses nulles avec l'approche du prix virtuel. Nous estimons un modèle à effets aléatoires avec quatre régimes par la méthode de maximum de vraisemblance. Nous généralisons ensuite ce modèle, en menant une analyse sur des formes d'énergie plus désagrégées. Nous estimons un système de demande de 5 formes d'énergie par la méthode du maximum de vraisemblance simulée (simulateur GHK). Enfin, nous étudions l'impact d'une taxe sur les émissions visant à stabiliser les émissions de CO2. Les résultats montrent qu'il existe de réelles possibilités de substitution entre formes d'énergie dans le secteur étudié ce qui permet à ces entreprises d'être flexibles face à une politique énergétique ou environnementale
The purpose of this thesis is to analyse interfuel substitution possibilities in the pulp and paper sector in France. The proposed models are useful to evaluate the outcome of price variations or an environmental policy. First, we provide an empirical application of the virtual price approach to the problem of cormer solutions in the case of panel data. The econometric model is an endogenous switching regime model which requires the evaluation of multivariate probability integrals. We estimate the random effect model by maximum likelihood using a panel of French plants from the paper and pulp industry. Next, we propose a Simulated Maximum Likelihood technique for estimation of the simultaneous equation demand system in the case of five forms of energy. Finally, our estimates are used to predict the outcome of an environmental policy aimed at reducing CO2 emissions in the paper and pulp industry. Results show that there are real interfuel substitution possibilities in this sector

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Komon, Jean-Paul. "L'économie du bois au Cameroun : analyse structurelle du secteur forestier et perspectives de son développement". Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10007.

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Depuis 1973, la politique de developpement de l'economie du bois au cameroun vise trois objectifs : d'abord la promotion des nationaux dans la profession forestiere, ensuite la diversification et le renforcement des moyens de gestion et de valorisation des forets, enfin l'amelioration de la contribution du bois a l'expansion economique nationale. C'est en droite ligne de cette politique que les responsables economiques nationaux ont encourage par le biais de multiples avantages fiscaux et financiers, le developpement d'un secteur national, lequel s'est superpose sur une structure productive totalement dominee par le capital etranger et largement extravertie. Le dualisme et la desarticulation qui caracterisent l'economie du bois au cameroun, ont contribue en grande partie a alterer les resultats du secteur bois et a detourner les entreprises sylvoindustrielles des objectifs definis par le plan. En ce moment, l'avenir immediat de l'economie du bois semble bouche par l'etroitesse du marche local, l'insuffisance des ressources financieres et des infrastructures. La relance de l'activite forestiere en crise suppose d'abord la transformation de la desarticulation par des systemes de production de groupe, ensuite la promotion d'unites de taille appropriee au marche local et enfin l'adaptation de la politique des institutions financieres et administratives aux problemes du secteur bois
Since 1973, the policy for development of timber economy in cameroon comprises three objectives firstly, the promotion of national companies in forestry, secondly the diversification and reinforcement of administrative and forest valorisation methods and finally an improvment in the timber industry's contribution to the expansion of the national economy. As a direct result of this policy, those responsable for the national economy have by means of multiple financial and fiscal advantages encouraged the development of a national forestry sector, which has been superimposed on a production structure completely dominated by foreign capital and for the most part extrovert. The characteristic dualisme and disarticulation of the timber economy. In cameroon, have largely contributed, to the alteration of results in the timber sector and to the "sylvoindustrial" companies diversion from the objectives specified in the project. Now the future of the timber economy seems blocked by the narrow local market and insufficient infrastructures and financial resources. The revival of foresting activities would require a transformation of disarticulation by means of group production systems, the promotion of units whos size would be relative to the local market and the adjustement of financial and administrative institutions to the problems to timber sector

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Kambogo, Guy-Roger. "Le développement des PME dans le secteur des ressources naturelles renouvelables au Gabon : le cas du secteur du bois au niveau de la première transformation /". Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2001. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/03-2228317R.html.

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5

Kambogo, Guy-Roger. "Le développement des PME dans le secteur des ressources naturelles renouvelables au Gabon : le cas du secteur du bois au niveau de la première transformation". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2001. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2784/1/000680591.pdf.

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6

Assogbavi, Kossivi Tchegnizoun. "Contribution à l'étude du développement du secteur informel : le cas de la menuiserie de bois à Lomé". Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT4007.

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Cette etude nous a permis de mettre en evidence, au-dela des roles positifs du secteur informel dans les economies du tiers-monde, l'importance des facteurs suivants dans la creation et le developpement des entreprises de ce secteur: - la technologie - l'integration au secteur moderne et les reseaux sociaux. En effet les entreprises mecanisees sont mieux integrees au secteur moderne, ce qui leur permet d'acceder, plus facilement au credit bancaire, aux marches publics ou a une demande solvable. Par contre quel que soit le type d'entreprise consideree, on s'apercoit que les reseaux sociaux (en l'occurence, les relations personnelles entre l'en- trepreneur et la clientele, l'aide familiale etc. ) interviennent d'une facon determinante dans l'adaptation de l'entreprise a un environnement economique difficile. Cette etude montre aussi qu'il n'existe pas d'un cote un secteur informel et de l'autre un secteur moderne, mais que nous nous trouvons plutot en presence d'un continuum d'entreprises allant des moins outillees aux plus equipees. L'amelioration de leurs performances passe par une meilleure gestion tech- nique et comptable et leur integration a une nouvelle strategie coherente de developpement economique et social
This study reveals beyond the positive parts of the informal sector in the third world economies, the importance of the following factors in the creation and the development of the entreprises of this sector: - technology - integration in to the modern sector - social networks. As a matter of fact, the mechanized entreprises are more integrated in to the modern sector, that allous them to have easily access to bank credit, public markets or a solvent demand. On the other hand, whalever the type of entreprise, we consider, we realize tbat the social networks (as it is personal relations between the manager and the customers, the aid of the family), intervene in a decisive way in the adap- tation of the entreprise in a difficult environment. The study chows also that it doesnot exist, on the one hand an informel sector and on the other hand a moderne sector but a continuum of entreprises which are consisted of a few tools entreprises and very equipp-d entreprises. The improvment of their performances depend on a best management and their integration in to a new coherent strategy of social and economic development

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Assogbavi, Kossivi Tchegnizoun. "Contribution à l'étude du développement du secteur informel le cas de la menuiserie de bois à Lomé /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376024259.

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8

N'Doua, Bossoma Doriane. "Standards and trade in forest-wood-paper sector". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0105.

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Cette thèse analyse les effets des réglementations, des normes et des certifications surle commerce dans le secteur du bois. Elle contribue à la littérature empirique sur les effetsdes politiques commerciales sur le commerce international. Elle s’articule autour de quatrechapitres. Le premier chapitre examine les effets des mesures sanitaires et phytosanitaires(SPS) et des obstacles techniques au commerce (OTC), en distinguant les règlements techniques et les procédures d’évaluation de la conformité sur le commerce dans la filière forêt bois-papier. Les résultats de ce chapitre montrent que la valeur du commerce augmente avec les procédures d’évaluation de la conformité SPS et OTC, et avec les règlements techniquesOTC. Le commerce en provenance des pays en développement est négativement impactépar les procédures d’évaluation de la conformité imposées par les pays développés. Les effets varient également en fonction du sous-secteur considéré. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous analysons les effets des mesures SPS dites restrictives, qui ont fait l’objet d’au moinsune préoccupation commerciale spécifique, sur la valeur et la durée du commerce du boiset des articles en bois. Comme le suggère la littérature, nous constatons que le commerce est de courte durée. Les mesures SPS restrictives réduisent le commerce du bois et des articles en bois, mais n’ont pas d’impact significatif sur la durée des échanges. Le troisième chapitre se concentre sur l’impact de la mise en œuvre des réglementations sur le bois visant à promouvoir le commerce légal du bois sur les exportations de bois et de produits du bois en provenance de pays où la part de l’exploitation forestière illégale est élevée. Les résultats de ce chapitre mettent en évidence un impact négatif de la mise en œuvre de ces réglementations sur la valeur du commerce. Cet effet est particulièrement significatif pour l’industrie du papier et les meubles en bois, ainsi que pour les réglementations mises en œuvre par l’Union européenne, les États-Unis et l’Australie. Le dernier chapitre analyse les effets de la certification de la gestion forestière sur les exportations des entreprises françaises. Nous trouvons que lorsque la part des forêts certifiées dans le pays exportateur (France) augmente par rapport à celle des pays importateurs ou de destination, les exportations augmentent. Cet effet est plus faible pour les grandes entreprises. Nos résultats mettent également en évidencedes effets hétérogènes selon la catégorie de produits, la zone géographique et le niveau de revenu des pays de destination
This thesis analyzes the effects of regulations, standards and certifications on trade in thewood sector. It contributes to the empirical literature on the effects of trade policies on international trade. It is structured around four chapters. The first chapter examines the effects of sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), distinguishing between technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures on trade in the forest-wood-paper sector. The results of this chapter show that the value of trade increases with SPS and TBT conformity assessment procedures, and with TBT technical regulations. Trade from developing countries is negatively impacted by conformity assessment procedures imposed by developed countries. The effects also vary according to the subsector under consideration. In the second chapter,we analyze the effects of so-called restrictive SPS measures, which have been the subject of at least one specific trade concern, on the value and duration of trade inwood andwood articles. As the literature suggests,we find that trade is short-lived. Restrictive SPS measures reduce trade in wood and wood articles, but have no significant impact on the duration of trade. The third chapter focuses on the impact of implementing timber regulations to promote legal timber trade on exports of timber and timber products from countries with high levels of illegal logging. The results of this chapter show that the implementation of these regulations has a negative impact on the value of trade.This effect is particularly significant for the paper industry and wooden furniture, as well asfor regulations implemented by the European Union, the United States and Australia. The final chapter analyzes the effects of forest management certification on the exports of French firms. We find that when the share of certified forests in the exporting country (France) increases relative to that in importing or destination countries, exports increase. This effect is weaker for larger firms.Our results also highlight heterogeneous effects according to product category, geographic area and income level of destination countries

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9

Avocat, Helene. "Approche géographique des approvissionnements en plaquettes foréstières des chaufferies du secteur collectif/tertiaire : application au Pays Loue-Lison et à la Communauté d'agglomération du Grand Besançon". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA1048.

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Depuis deux décennies, le bois-énergie se développe fortement en Franche-Comté, notamment dans le secteur collectif/tertiaire. Face à l'épuisement prochain des connexes de scierie, la plaquette forestière (bois déchiqueté) est amenée à se développer. La question de l'approvisionnement devient alors centrale pour l'ensemble des acteurs de la filière, soulevant un grand nombre d'enjeux en matière d'aménagement territorial et forestier, de développement local, d'environnement... Parallèlement, des interrogations émergent : quelle quantité d'énergie peut-on mobiliser durablement ? La configuration spatiale et structurelle des espaces boisés a-t-elle une influence sur les processus d'approvisionnement ? Cherche-t-on à minimiser les distances de transport ? Existe-t-il des phénomènes de concurrence spatiale entre les chaufferies ? Afin de comprendre l'organisation actuelle des approvisionnements, nous avons analysé deux jeux de données de traçabilité de plaquettes forestières. Puis, nous avons développé une démarche visant à modéliser des bassins d'approvisionnement locaux, tenant compte des contraintes de renouvelabilité de la ressource, et des conflits d'usage, en couplant diverses sources d'information : indices de végétation issus de l'imagerie satellitaire, données dendrométriques, cartographie forestière, et tables de production. L'objectif de cette démarche était double : d'une part savoir si les deux terrains d'études choisis étaient en mesure d'assurer eux-mêmes l'approvisionnement de leurs propres chaufferies, d'autre part mettre en évidence les phénomènes de concurrence spatiale des différents bassins d'approvisionnement, et la contribution des différents types de peuplement. Cela a notamment permis de montrer l'importance du gisement énergétique des arbres isolés, à notre connaissance encore jamais évalué à une échelle infra-régionale
In a context of strong increase of fuelwood demand in the collective sector, the supply issue becomes central to all stakeholders, raising many issues relating to land and forestry planning, local development, environment ... Meanwhile, questions emerge: how much energy can be mobilized sustainably? Does the spatial and structural configuration of forests influence the supply process? Do we seek to minimize transport distances? Can we observe spatial competition between the boilers ? To understand the current organization of supplies, we analyzed two sets of data traceability of wood chips. Then, we have developed a model of local supply basins, considering constraints of renewability of the resource, and conflicts of use, by combining various information sources: vegetation index derived from satellite imagery, forest mapping and production tables. The objective of this approach was dual : to determine the quantity of forest chips workable on a territory, and to highlight the spatial competition between the different basins supply, and the contribution of different tree species. This has enabled to show the importance of the energy potential of isolated trees, to our knowledge not previously evaluated in a sub-regional scale

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10

Beaussier, Thomas. "Évaluation économique et environnementale du développement régional d’une filière en interaction multi-secteur et multi-échelle : le cas de la filière forêt-bois du Grand Est". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0138.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est d’élaborer une méthode d’évaluation quantitative de la performance économique et environnementale de stratégies de développement régional, appliquée au secteur forestier dans le Grand Est. La démarche s’appuie sur le couplage d’outils de modélisation provenant des sciences économiques et des sciences de l’environnement. Dans le chapitre 1, nous analysons les couplages existants entre 5 modèle économique et 3 outils d’évaluation environnementale. Une grille de critère dédiée permet de comparer leur pertinence pour fournir des évaluations intégratives à l’échelle méso. Les couplages entre modèles d’équilibre d’une part, et Analyse du Cycle de Vie (ACV) d’autre part, répondent le mieux aux objectifs définis. Le chapitre 2 détaille le cadre méthodologique du couplage entre un modèle d’équilibre partiel du secteur forestier français et l’ACV. L’homogénéisation des flux de matières entre les deux modèles permet de produire des indicateurs économiques et environnementaux au périmètre cohérent, dont le ratio fournit deux indicateurs d’éco-efficience. Le premier combine le surplus économique de la filière forêt bois avec ses impacts environnementaux potentiels (Partial Eco-Efficiency, PEE), le second y ajoute les impacts environnementaux évités par la substitution entre le bois-énergie et des énergies fossiles, par rapport à un scénario de référence (Full Eco-Efficiency, FEE). Dans le chapitre 3, nous utilisons ce cadre pour analyser différentes stratégies de développement de la bioéconomie orientées vers le bois-énergie, à l’échelle nationale et au niveau régional dans le Grand Est. Nous comparons la FEE de scénarios construits par combinaisons de différentes politiques : subvention de la demande de bois-énergie, approvisionnement local, protection des forêts, crise énergétique. Les stratégies intégrant une stimulation de la demande de bois-énergie sont les plus éco-efficientes, au niveau régional et national. Cela repose notamment sur les impacts évités via la substitution du bois-énergie aux combustibles fossiles. La combinaison de la subvention avec des mesures de protection et/ou d’approvisionnement local augmente ou diminue légèrement son éco-efficience selon l’échelle de mise en œuvre. D’autres facteurs déterminant de l’éco-efficience d’une politique sont identifiés, comme les caractéristiques de la ressource forestière, l’importance de la filière bois locale, et les caractéristiques des régions voisines
The objective of this thesis is to develop a method for quantitative assessments of the economic and environmental performance of regional development strategies, applied to the forestry sector in the region Grand Est. To this end, we adopt an approach based on the coupling of modelling tools from economics and environmental sciences. In chapter 1, we analyse couplings between 5 economic models and 3 environmental assessment tools from the existing literature. A dedicated criteria grid allows to compare their relevance to provide integrative assessments at the meso scale. Couplings between equilibrium models on the one hand, and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) on the other hand, best meet the defined objectives. Chapter 2 details the methodological framework of the coupling between a partial equilibrium model of the French forest sector and LCA. The homogenisation of material flows between the two models makes it possible to produce economic and environmental indicators with a coherent perimeter, the ratio of which provides two eco-efficiency indicators. The first combines the economic surplus of the forest-based sector with its potential environmental impacts (Partial Eco-Efficiency, PEE); the second adds the environmental impacts avoided by substitution between wood-energy and fossil fuels, compared to a reference scenario (Full Eco-Efficiency, FEE). In Chapter 3, we use this framework to analyse different wood energy oriented bio-economy development strategies at the national level and at the regional level in the region Grand Est. For this purpose, we compare the FEE of scenarios constructed by combinations of different policies: subsidising wood energy demand, local supply, forest protection, energy crisis. Strategies integrating a stimulation of wood energy demand are the most eco-efficient, at regional and national level. This is based in particular on the benefits of avoided impacts through the substitution of wood energy for fossil fuels. The combination of the subsidy with protection measures and/or local procurement slightly increases or decreases its eco-efficiency depending on the scale of implementation. In addition, we have identified other factors determining most the eco-efficiency of a policy, such as the characteristics of the forest resource, the importance of the local wood sector, and the characteristics of neighbouring regions

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11

Avocat, Helene. "Approche géographique des approvisionnements en plaquettes forestières des chaufferies du secteur collectif/tertiaire : application au pays Loue-Lison et à la communauté d'agglomération du grand Besançon". Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA1048/document.

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Depuis deux décennies, le bois-énergie se développe fortement en Franche-Comté, notamment dans le secteur collectif/tertiaire. Face à l'épuisement prochain des connexes de scierie, la plaquette forestière (bois déchiqueté) est amenée à se développer. La question de l'approvisionnement devient alors centrale pour l'ensemble des acteurs de la filière, soulevant un grand nombre d'enjeux en matière d'aménagement territorial et forestier, de développement local, d'environnement... Parallèlement, des interrogations émergent : quelle quantité d'énergie peut-on mobiliser durablement ? La configuration spatiale et structurelle des espaces boisés a-t-elle une influence sur les processus d'approvisionnement ? Cherche-t-on à minimiser les distances de transport ? Existe-t-il des phénomènes de concurrence spatiale entre les chaufferies ? Afin de comprendre l'organisation actuelle des approvisionnements, nous avons analysé deux jeux de données de traçabilité de plaquettes forestières. Puis, nous avons développé une démarche visant à modéliser des bassins d'approvisionnement locaux, tenant compte des contraintes de renouvelabilité de la ressource, et des conflits d'usage, en couplant diverses sources d'information : indices de végétation issus de l'imagerie satellitaire, données dendrométriques, cartographie forestière, et tables de production. L'objectif de cette démarche était double : d'une part savoir si les deux terrains d'études choisis étaient en mesure d'assurer eux-mêmes l'approvisionnement de leurs propres chaufferies, d'autre part mettre en évidence les phénomènes de concurrence spatiale des différents bassins d'approvisionnement, et la contribution des différents types de peuplement. Cela a notamment permis de montrer l'importance du gisement énergétique des arbres isolés, à notre connaissance encore jamais évalué à une échelle infra-régionale
In a context of strong increase of fuelwood demand in the collective sector, the supply issue becomes central to all stakeholders, raising many issues relating to land and forestry planning, local development, environment ... Meanwhile, questions emerge: how much energy can be mobilized sustainably? Does the spatial and structural configuration of forests influence the supply process? Do we seek to minimize transport distances? Can we observe spatial competition between the boilers ? To understand the current organization of supplies, we analyzed two sets of data traceability of wood chips. Then, we have developed a model of local supply basins, considering constraints of renewability of the resource, and conflicts of use, by combining various information sources: vegetation index derived from satellite imagery, forest mapping and production tables. The objective of this approach was dual : to determine the quantity of forest chips workable on a territory, and to highlight the spatial competition between the different basins supply, and the contribution of different tree species. This has enabled to show the importance of the energy potential of isolated trees, to our knowledge not previously evaluated in a sub-regional scale

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Avocat, Hélène. "Approche géographique des approvisionnements en plaquettes forestières des chaufferies du secteur collectif/tertiaire: Application au Pays Loue-Lison et à la Communauté d'agglomération du Grand Besançon". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00910142.

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Les énergies non renouvelables (essentiellement gaz, pétrole et uranium) représentent 80 % de l'énergie consommée dans le monde (Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique). Cependant, le spectre de l'amenuisement prochain de ces gisements, ainsi que les problèmes environnementaux et géopolitiques liés à leur usage tendent à remettre en cause cette prévalence. Les politiques et directives énergétiques mettent l'accent sur la sécurisation des approvisionnements et la diversification du bouquet énergétique. Or, la diversification des sources d'énergies primaires implique le développement d'énergies alternatives et renouvelables, disponibles localement. En France, un grand nombre de dispositifs sont mis en place à différents niveaux d'échelle en faveur du développement de la filière bois-énergie : appels d'offres de la Commission de Régulation de l'Énergie, appels d'offres de l'Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maitrise de l'Énergie (ADEME), programme 1000 chaufferies bois pour le milieu rural etc.

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Rougieux, Paul. "Modelling European Forest Products Consumption and Trade in a Context of Structural Change". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0004/document.

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Les forêts de l'Union Européenne croissent de 1.2 milliards de m³ par an. La moitié de ce volume reste en forêt. L'autre moitié alimente trois filières industrielles: la filière matériaux, la filière papiers et la filière énergie. Ces flux de produits industriels sont mis en mouvement et financés par divers consommateurs. Or depuis 2000, la consommation change de régime, au point de perturber fortement certains flux de bois et d'impacter l'emploi et la balance commerciale du secteur. Pour prévoir l'impact de ces changements, les économistes modélisent les relations entre l'offre de matières premières, la demande de produits finis, les prix, la production et le commerce international. Cette thèse construit un modèle empirique à même d'évaluer l'impact de ces changements pour le secteur forêt-bois en Europe.Un chapitre introductif définit le contexte des ressources forestières et des produits analysés au niveau macroéconomique. Puis je présente les principaux modèles en équilibre partiel utilisés pour les études prospectives du secteur forêt-bois. A partir d'un cadre général incluant la production et le commerce international, je détaille les problèmes spécifiques rencontrés lors de l'estimation des fonctions de demande. Un deuxième chapitre étudie l'impact potentiel d'un accord commercial entre l'Union Européenne et les États-Unis sur le secteur forestier. Nous avons trouvé que le bien-être total augmenterait dans la région de l'accord et diminuerait légèrement ailleurs. De plus l'accord est plus avantageux pour les consommateurs que pour les producteurs. Les résultats montrent aussi que des pays tiers sont impactés par l'accord, ce qui souligne l'importance d'utiliser un modèle mondial. Dans un troisième chapitre, j'estime les élasticités prix et revenu de la demande en produits forestiers sur un panel de pays européens. Je traite des problèmes de non stationnarité en panel et j'estime les élasticités au sein de panels cointégrés. Les élasticités de demande sont inférieures aux estimations précédentes dans la littérature. Ces élasticités robustes insérées dans un modèle secteur forêt-bois projettent une demande plus faible sur une période de 20 ans. Dans un quatrième chapitre, j'analyse les changements structurels dans la consommation de papier. J'utilise un modèle économétrique sur données de panel permettant d'estimer les effets de seuil dans la relation entre l'utilisation des technologies de l'information et la consommation de papier: papier journal, papier d'impression et papier d'écriture. Je montre comment l'élasticité de demande de papier dépend de la pénétration d'internet dans la population. Un effet de seuil a lieu lorsque la majorité d'une population a accès à internet. Après le seuil, les coefficients liant la consommation et ses variables explicatives (prix et revenu) diminuent en valeur absolue ou changent de signe. A partir d'une projection du nombre d'utilisateurs d'internet par pays, les projections de consommation de papier pourraient être mises à jour avec ce type de modèles à transition. Une plus faible demande de papier libère des ressources et les rend disponibles pour le développement d'autres produits et services forestiers innovants
Forests in the European Union grow by 1.2 billion m³ per year. Half of this volume stays in the forest, in particular for sustainable forest management purposes. The other half flows into three industrial sectors: wooden material, paper products and wood energy. These industrial product flows are set into motion and paid for by diverse final consumers. Since 2000, consumption is undergoing important structural changes which cause large disturbances in material, paper and fuel flows. To predict the impact of these changes, economists model relationships between raw material supply, final products demand, prices, production and international trade. This thesis uses panel data econometrics to estimate parameters of empirical models. An introductory chapter sets the policy context of forest resources and forest products of interest at a macroeconomic level. Then I review major forest sector models and I focus on issues encountered while estimating parameters of demand models. A second chapter investigates the potential impact of a trade agreement between the EU and the US on the forest sector. We found that total welfare would increase in the region of the agreement, in addition the agreement benefits more to consumers than to producers. Results show that third party countries are impacted by the agreement too, which highlights the importance of using a global trade model in analysing the impacts of the agreement. In a third chapter I estimate revenue and price elasticities of demand for forest products on a panel of European countries. I deal with non stationarity issues and estimate demand elasticities within cointegrated panels. I demonstrate that revenue elasticities of demand are lower than previous estimates from the literature. Simulations using these robust elasticities in a forest sector model, show a lower demand over a 20 years time horizon. In a fourth chapter, I analyse structural changes in paper products consumption. For this purpose, I use a panel threshold model to estimate the relationship between information technology use and paper products consumption: newsprint, printing and writing paper. I show how paper demand elasticities depend on internet penetration in the population. Thresholds occur once a majority of the population has access to the internet. After the threshold, coefficients between paper consumption and its explanatory variables revenue and price become smaller in absolute terms or even change sign. Based on projections of the number of internet users per country, paper consumption projections could be updated with this type of thresholds models. From a policy perspective, lower demand for graphics paper would free resources and make them available for innovative forest products and services

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Yazdeen, Haji Haji. "Integrating Material Flow Cost Accounting with Life cycle assessment to Assess the Economic an Environmental Performances of Selected Wood Industries in the Landes de Gascogne Forest, France". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0153.

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Il y a une préoccupation croissante quant à l’impact de nos modes de consommation et de production sur notre planète, au point que nous atteignons les limites de croissance avec la planète incapable d’assimiler indéfiniment les effets des activités anthropiques. En conséquence, au cours des dernières années, les préoccupations croissantes concernant le changement climatique ont poussé les organisations commerciales à changer leurs priorités, non seulement pour atteindre des objectifs économiques, mais également pour considérer les objectifs écologiques. La foresterie, qui est une partie importante de la nature, a traditionnellement été un fournisseur de matières premières renouvelables pour l’utilisation industrielle (sciage, pâte et papier, panneaux de particules, etc.) et pour le bois de chauffage domestique. Bien que de nombreuses études aient été menées dans ce domaine, peu d’attention a été accordée à l’importance de l’évaluation monétaire de l’impact environnemental négatif pour déterminer le véritable prix des produits en bois et prendre une décision éclairée pour l’investissement. Cette étude vise à évaluer la performance économique et environnementale de cinq produits en bois de pin maritime, issus du processus Gate-to-Gate dans la forêt des Landes de Gascogne en France. Les données ont été collectées sur la base d’une revue de la littérature et des références mentionnées dans le chapitre quatre et le chapitre cinq de cette étude, puis ces données ont été utilisées dans l’analyse du logiciel semipro pour identifier l’impact environnemental (Gate-to-gate) pour les produits étudiés par la méthodologie d’évaluation du cycle de vie (LCA) et un modèle de coût a été établi pour chaque produit par la méthodologie de coût du cycle de vie (LCC). Ensuite, les deux méthodologies ont été liées en utilisant la comptabilité des coûts des flux de matières (MFCA), et les résultats ont correspondu à la part de marché spécifiée dans le chapitre trois par l’analyse des flux de matières (MFA)
There is an increasing understanding that our consumption and production patterns have to change to stay within our planetary boundaries, the planet being unable to indefinitely assimilate the effects of current anthropic activities. Correspondingly, in recent years, growing concerns about climate change pollution and biodiversity loss have driven business organizations to change their priorities, not only to achieve economic objectives, but also to consider ecological goals. Forestry, an important part of natural systems, has been a traditional supplier of renewable raw materials for industrial use (e.g., sawmilling for construction wood, pulp and paper, particle boards), as well as for domestic fuelwood. Although many studies have been conducted in this field, little attention has been paid to the importance of the monetary valuation of negative environmental impacts in order to determine the true price of wood products to take informed investment decisions. This study aims to assess economic and environmental performance of five maritime pinewood products during the gate-to-gate process (harvesting to semifinal product) in the Landes de Gascogne Forest (“Landes Forest”) in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of France. The product groups considered are construction wood, pulp, plywood, pellets and pallets. For this purpose, the study uses several systemanalytical methods in combination: material flow analysis (MFA), life-cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle costing (LCC) and material flow cost accounting (MFCA). The relevant MFA data in Chapter 3 was collected from an industrial partner and based on databases, literature sources and other references to obtain Life Cycle Inventories for the LCA study in Chapter 4. The LCA software SimaPro was used for this analysis, applying the ReCiPe life-cycle impact assessment method to identify the environmental impact (gate-to-gate) of the studied products. A cost model based on the Environmental Prices Handbook was developed in Chapter 5 to estimate the external costs based on the environmental impact results. This has been set for each product group and integrated into environmental LCC to compare the external with the internal costs, in far as possible with the data available. The methodologies have been tied together in Chapter 6 using MFCA; results correspond to the market share specified in Chapter 3 by MFA. We found that, among the studied products, unbleached pulp and plywood production have the highest economic and environmental costs at €32.36/€15.13 and €27.22/€7.14, respectively. That means that the best use of raw timber is as construction wood due to two reasons: first, the long lifespan of construction wood compared to other studied products; second, not only is less energy is required in the production process, but chemical materials are also absent from the process. This study proposes a suitable methodology framework for the economic and environmental assessment of forest products and other industries. Moreover, this work reviews the design and monitoring of wood from a sustainable resource and environmental impact perspective The environmental impacts costs (external costs or externalities) and key internal costs have been estimated for studied product groups. [...]

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Nilsson, Malin. "Where are the Men and Boys? Security Sector Reform, Local Ownership and Gender". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21393.

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Gender has recently begun to receive attention as an important factor in the provision of security. Unfortunately, the consideration of gender is often mistakenly understood to mean a consideration of women and women’s issues, when in reality it pertains to the needs and interests of both men and women. Through an idea analysis, this thesis aims to study the ideas about gender expressed in contemporary security sector reform and local ownership debate. The analysis shows that gender specific violence towards civilian men and boys is repeatedly overlooked in security sector reform policy and debate. It further shows that marginalized men are not being valued as local owners of reform processes due to the ideas about men and women that permeate the debate. The theory of ‘hegemonic masculinity’ reveals how the ideas expressed serve to increase men’s vulnerabilities and further exclude them from the process of reform. The thesis concludes that because civilian men are overlooked in the debate, no substantial ownership can be attained. Because security sector reform is highly reliant on local ownership for legitimacy and sustainability, the thesis further suggests that the entire security sector reform project is compromised by the exclusion of men and boys.

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Richou, Elsa. "La filière forêt-bois française confrontée aux défis de l’écologisation : de l’arbre «sensible» à la malforestation". Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU1080.

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En ce début de XXIe siècle, la filière forêt-bois française est considérée comme un acteur majeur dans la réflexion en cours sur les conséquences du changement climatique et les moyens d’y remédier. Ainsi, le bois, assimilé à une ressource dite renouvelable, est appelé à devenir un substitut de choix aux ressources moins « pérennes » issues, par exemple, de la pétrochimie. En ce sens, la filière forêt-bois, qui a bien perçu l’enjeu, doit mais aussi souhaite produire plus. En effet, le programme national de la forêt et du bois (PNFB 2016-2026) prévoit une mobilisation supplémentaire à hauteur de 12 millions de mètre cubes à l’horizon 2026. Cependant, la filière fait face de nos jours aux conséquences de l’écologisation croissante des esprits, à l’œuvre dans la société française. En ce sens, la sylviculture pratiquée actuellement se voit remise en cause à travers la promotion de la notion de la malforestation. Par ailleurs, la société réinvestit significativement la forêt en tant qu’espace de ressourcement, à travers la sylvothérapie, avec en parallèle l’émergence d’une nouvelle approche de l’écosystème forestier portée par des réflexions autour de l’arbre sensible.Dans ce contexte, notre recherche doctorale vise à mettre en évidence, d’une part, comment la filière forêt-bois, et surtout son industrie, est interrogée par le phénomène d’écologisation ; et d’autre part, la façon dont les acteurs de cette même filière perçoivent les enjeux induits par cette remise en cause contemporaine
Since the beginning of the 21st century, the French forest-wood sector has been considered a major player in the current debate on the impacts of climate change as well as a tool to address this issue. Wood, which is considered a "renewable" resource, is destined to become a substitute of choice for less "sustainable" resources (i.e. petrochemicals ressources). In this sense, the forest-based sector, which has clearly perceived the challenge, must, but also wishes to produce more. Therefore, the national forest and wood programme (PNFB 2016-2026) foresee an additional mobilization of 12 million cubic metres by 2026. However, the sector is nowadays facing the consequences of the increasing écologisation of the minds at work in French society. On this account, the forestry currently practised is being called into question through the promotion of the notion of malforestation. In addition, society is significantly reinvesting in the forest as a space for resourcefulness, through forest bathing, with the parallel emergence of a new approach to the forest ecosystem based on reflections on the sensitive tree.In this context, our PhD research aims to highlight, on one hand, how the forest-bases sector, and especially its industry, is being questioned by the phenomenon of écologisation ; and on the other hand, how the actors of this same sector perceive the stakes induced by this contemporary questioning

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Baidoo, Anthony. "Forest politics in the context of Global China : Essays on Chinese presence in Ghana's rosewood sector". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024AGPT0003.

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Les relations diplomatiques entre le Ghana et la Chine datent du jour même où le premier a obtenu son indépendance de la Grande-Bretagne. A cette occasion, le vice-premier ministre chinois Nieh Jungchen, représenta son pays lors de la célébration de l'indépendance du Ghana le 6 mars 1957. Récemment, la question de l'exploitation des ressources naturelles, et du ‘bois de rose' a été l'un des principaux leviers des relations commerciales entre la Chine et le Ghana. Le bois de rose, également connu sous le nom de hong mu en mandarin, désigne un groupe de trente-trois espèces de bois durs tropicaux, dont beaucoup sont également des espèces en voie de disparition. La demande excessive de bois de rose en Chine a conduit à une exploitation accrue et souvent illégale dans de nombreux pays producteurs d'Asie et plus récemment en Afrique.Sur le plan théorique et conceptuel, cette thèse s'inspire de la théorie de l'accès, de la théorie des biens communs, de la théorie des incitations et de l'approche analytique des relations de de pouvoir centré sur les stratégies d'acteurs. Elle est basée sur une recherche empirique originale menée principalement au Ghana, où la première série de collecte de données s'est déroulée d'avril à août 2022, puis une seconde fut conduite d'avril à juillet 2023. La thèse analyse comment une pluralité d'acteurs de la chaîne commerciale du bois de rose procède pour avoir accès à cette ressource naturelle. Elle évalue l'impact de la présence croissante des acteurs chinois sur la gouvernance du bois de rose et les conséquences induites par cette présence sur les "biens communs" en zone rurale au Ghana. Elle évalue également les effets relatifs structures de gouvernance et les dynamiques de pouvoir observées entre les principaux acteurs du commerce du bois de rose entre la Chine et le Ghana pour une période de deux décennies (2000 - 2023).L'une des principales conclusions de la thèse est qu'il existe une importante asymétrie de pouvoir et de capacité de négociation entre les acteurs ghanéens et les acteurs chinois de la filière bois de rose. Dans la majorité des cas, les seconds tirent régulièrement profit du désordre et des faiblesses institutionnelles des premiers. La thèse met spécifiquement en évidence certains facteurs qui affectent les processus d'accès au bois de rose au Ghana : les modes d'appropriation foncière, les croyances culturelles, les capacités financières des acteurs, La qualité des réglementations gouvernementales et le degré de leur mise en œuvre. Cette recherche apporte une contribution originale sur les déterminants et conditions d'accès, par les acteurs chinois, aux ressources naturelles dans des contextes africains caractérisés par la persistance d'un "désordre politique". Elle dévoile plus précisément les réalités de l'architecture institutionnelle ghanéenne autour de l'exploitation des ressources naturelles et de la gouvernance forestière au Ghana. Enfin, ce travail pose les bases d'un questionnement fondamental sur l'avenir des politiques de gestion durable des forêts ghanéennes au regard de l'influence croissante de la Chine en Afrique
Diplomatic relations between Ghana and China date back to the very day the former gained independence from Great Britain. On that occasion, Chinese vice-premier Nieh Jungchen represented his country at Ghana's independence celebrations on 6 March 1957. Recently, the exploitation of natural resources and 'rosewood' in particular, has been one of the main drivers of trade relations between China and Ghana. Rosewood, also known as hong mu in Mandarin, refers to a group of thirty-three species of tropical hardwood, many of which are also endangered species. Excessive demand for rosewood in China has led to increased and often illegal logging in many Asian producer countries and more recently in Africa.Theoretically and conceptually, this thesis draws on access theory, commons theory, incentive theory and the analytical approach to power relations centered on actor strategies. It is based on original empirical research carried out mainly in Ghana, where the first series of data collection took place from April to August 2022, followed by a second series from April to July 2023. The thesis analyses how several players in the rosewood trade chain gain access to this natural resource. It assesses the impact of the growing presence of Chinese actors on the governance of rosewood and the consequences of this presence on the 'commons' in rural Ghana. It also assesses the relative effects of governance structures and power dynamics observed between the main players in the rosewood trade between China and Ghana over a two-decade period (2000-2023).One of the main conclusions of the thesis is that there is a significant asymmetry of power and negotiating capacity between Ghanaian and Chinese players in the rosewood industry. In most cases, the latter regularly take advantage of the disorder and institutional weaknesses of the former. The thesis specifically highlights certain factors that affect the processes of access to rosewood in Ghana: modes of land appropriation, cultural beliefs, the financial capacities of stakeholders, the quality of government regulations and the degree to which they are implemented. This research makes an original contribution to the determinants and conditions of access by Chinese actors to natural resources in African contexts characterized by the persistence of 'political disorder'. More specifically, it reveals the realities of Ghana's institutional architecture around the exploitation of natural resources and forest governance in Ghana. Finally, this work lays the foundations for fundamental questions about the future of Ghana's sustainable forest management policies in light of China's growing influence in Africa

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Wadman, Clara. ""Who's the boss?" : A reassessment of gender inequality in workplace authority in the Swedish public and private sector". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-107255.

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The aim of this study is to examine potential gender inequality in authority positions in the Swedish labour market. In addition, this thesis intends to explore whether there is a difference in gender inequality between the public and the private sector. The results show that women have poorer advancement opportunities compared to men. Men have significantly higher probabilities of holding managerial positions and this is valid in both sectors of the Swedish economy. The outcome cannot be explained by family-related factors, or by gender differences in work motivation. Moreover, despite public sector bureaucracy implying more extensive regulations with the intent to equalize recruitments and promotions on factors such as gender and ethnicity; women have greater chances of holding managerial positions in the private sector compared to the public sector. For men, the sector of employment is not related to differences in workplace authority. Women’s greater disadvantage in the public sector compared to the private is primarily due to the large concentration of female-dominated occupations in the former sector, which limit career opportunities substantially for women. In fact, when controlling for the share of women working in the profession there is no longer a significant advantage in terms of workplace authority for women in the private sector compared to the public sector. This thesis argues that public sector formalized regulations, as regards recruitment and promotion, are not able to attenuate the negative effects for women due to the substantial share of female-dominated occupations within this sector.

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Santinha, Gonçalo Alves de Sousa. "Os cidadãos e as tecnologias de informação e comunicação : definição de um quadro de boas práticas para o sector da saúde". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/4396.

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Mestrado em Inovação e Políticas de Desenvolvimento
É a partir da compreensão do papel fundamental que as Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs), enquanto bens de consumo intermédio, desempenham para a ocorrência de inovação, que se inscreve a temática central deste estudo: a obtenção de Boas Práticas em TICs. Tendo como objecto de análise as Boas Práticas, esta investigação procura apresentar uma abordagem diferente da tradicional na definição de uma metodologia de um Quadro de Boas Práticas. A investigação sustenta-se na teoria económica do bem-estar e o quadro conceptual é definido para duas situações concretas: por um lado, quando se verificam as condições de um modelo de mercado de concorrência perfeita e, por outro, na ausência de um equilíbrio de mercado, nomeadamente quando este ainda se encontra imaturo, isto é, na presença de produtos novos. A metodologia proposta baseia-se no pressuposto de que um Quadro de Boas Práticas deve servir de suporte à optimização das condições da oferta e procura de TICs, ou seja, deve conjugar as soluções técnicas certas para as necessidades existentes. A investigação aqui desenvolvida é o resultado duma reflexão que parte do projecto de investigação europeu PRISMA – Providing Innovative Service Models and Assessment, da Information Society Technologies (IST), e no qual o autor esteve envolvido durante 3 anos. Este projecto procurou analisar a relação entre os cidadãos e os serviços, enfatizando a importância das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação no processo. Definindo hipotéticos cenários para 2010, o projecto traça pistas para uma correcta actuação por parte dos países da União Europeia, desenhando, para tal, um quadro de boas práticas futuras. As principais motivações para a realização da investigação residem, quer na experiência que o autor tem vindo a adquirir na temática das TICs e do desenvolvimento económico e social, quer no facto do autor ser da opinião que urge disponibilizar estudos de Boas Práticas que analisem tanto a oferta disponível de tecnologia como as próprias necessidades dos cidadãos.
This report aims for a better understanding of how to find Good Practices in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). The rationale behind the research is to present a different approach to the traditional methodology used in the analysis of Good Practices. Under such thinking, this approach is based on the theory of welfare economics and the framework of analysis here defined is presented for two concrete situations: in the presence of a perfect market economy and when market equilibrium in not obtained mainly due to the presence of new products. The methodology is based on the idea that Good Practices should be obtain through the maximisation of supply and demand of ICTs. This means that a Good Practice Model must relate the right technical means to the existing needs. This research is the result of a profound consideration from the European research project PRISMA – Providing Innovative Service Models and Assessment, of IST Programme, in which the author was involved for 3 years. The main objective of this project was to analyse the relation between services and citizens, emphasising the importance of ICTs in the all process. Drawing hypothetical scenarios for 2010, the project tried to define strategies for correct decision policies of EU countries with the help of a future good practice model. The main motivations for developing this research are, on the one hand, the author’s experience on the theme and, on the other hand, the need to stress the fact that projects on this field of analysis should take into account both the supply and demand of ICTs.

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Fastenrath, Sebastian [Verfasser], Boris [Gutachter] Braun i Diez Javier [Gutachter] Revilla. "Urban Sustainability Transitions in the Building Sector. Insights from contrasting contexts: Freiburg and Brisbane / Sebastian Fastenrath ; Gutachter: Boris Braun, Javier Revilla Diez". Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1163728446/34.

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Leitold, Roxana [Verfasser], Diez Javier [Gutachter] Revilla i Boris [Gutachter] Braun. "Private sector engagement in flood risk reduction and climate change adaptation – Insights from manufacturing firms in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam / Roxana Leitold ; Gutachter: Javier Revilla Diez, Boris Braun". Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1228534438/34.

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"Le pouvoir en négociation collective dans le secteur privé. Analyse d'un cas du secteur manufacturier du bois". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25497/25497.pdf.

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Pires, Sónia Alexandra Afonso Vaz. "Redes de cooperação informal no sector vitivinícola: o caso dos "Douro boys"". Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/9296.

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Sistema de Classificação JEL: D850 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory, L140 - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks
Com a presente pesquisa pretendeu-se investigar a génese e fundamentação da formação de redes de cooperação de natureza informal no sector vitivinícola português, o seu contributo prático para o aumento da competitividade empresarial e desenvolvimento regional, e melhorar o conhecimento do processo de cooperação entre empresas produtoras de vinho direccionado à promoção de produtos/marcas. Seguindo uma abordagem qualitativa, a metodologia de investigação prosseguida foi o estudo de caso, analisando e interpretando o exemplo da “Douro Boys”, associação informal de cinco produtores de vinho da Região Demarcada do Douro e usando para o efeito várias fontes de informação, com primazia nas entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram que, apesar de assistirmos, em Portugal, desde a campanha vinícola 2004/2005, à perda da produção associada como estrutura empresarial dominante, os fenómenos associativos mantém-se activos e dinâmicos, mas agora de outra índole que não exclusivamente a produção, como é o caso da promoção de produtos/marcas, à razão da sua forte correlação com os objectivos e estratégias organizacionais. Os resultados apontam ainda o relevo das relações pessoais e da confiança como factor determinante e potenciador dos compromissos de parcerias, bem como, para o seu sucesso, a obrigatoriedade de existência de um objectivo comum e o entendimento da cooperação como forma de obter resultados superiores aos que seriam alcançados individualmente. Da pesquisa efectuada advém ainda a contra noção de que a cooperação formal tende a ser mais visível do que a cooperação informal
The present research aims at investigating the genesis of informal networks in the Portuguese wine sector, as well as its practical contribution for the entrepreneurial competitiveness and regional development, and the knowledge improvement of the cooperation process between wine producers, focusing on the promotional services (products/brands). Following a qualitative approach, the research method was based on the analysis and interpretation of “Douro Boys” case study, an informal association of five producers of wine from the Douro region. Several information sources were used, focusing mainly on individual semi-structured interviews. The results of the present study shows that the associative phenomenon is still active and dynamic in spite of the loss of power of the associative structure, since the 2004/2005 Portuguese wine campaign. However, the characteristics of the associative structure are different and focus not exclusively on the production, but on promotional services due to a strong relationship between goals and organizational strategies. The results also point to the importance of personal relations and trust, as determinant factors to the development of partnerships. The success of the network is based on a common goal plus an agreement on cooperation that leads to a much higher level of results compared to the ones individually obtained. This research also shows that an informal network can be as notorious as a formal network.

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Labonté, Anne. "L’impact différencié de la satisfaction envers les bonis individuels et les bonis collectifs sur l’intention de rester des travailleurs du secteur des technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC)". Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11300.

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L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’étudier l’impact différencié de la satisfaction envers les bonis individuels et les bonis collectifs sur l’intention de rester (au sein d’une entreprise donnée) des travailleurs du secteur des technologies de l’information et des communications. Afin d’étudier cette question, trois hypothèses de recherche ont été émises à l’aide des théories suivantes : 1- la théorie de l’agence, 2- la théorie des attentes et 3- la théorie de l’échange social de Blau (1964). Selon la première hypothèse, la satisfaction envers les bonis individuels contribue à accroître l’intention de rester des travailleurs du secteur des TIC. La seconde hypothèse avance que la satisfaction envers les bonis collectifs contribue à accroître l’intention de rester des travailleurs du secteur des TIC. Enfin, la dernière hypothèse soutient que la satisfaction envers les bonis individuels a un impact plus important sur l’intention de rester des travailleurs du secteur des TIC que la satisfaction envers les bonis collectifs. Les données utilisées pour valider nos hypothèses ont été recueillies dans le cadre d'une enquête portant sur « les relations entre la rémunération, la formation et le développement des compétences avec l’attraction et la rétention des employés clés ». Ces données de nature longitudinale, proviennent d'une entreprise canadienne du secteur des TIC. La population étudiée regroupe les nouveaux employés embauchés entre le 1er avril 2009 et le 30 septembre 2010. Nos résultats confirment l’Hypothèse 1 voulant que la satisfaction envers les bonis individuels contribue à accroître l’intention de rester des travailleurs du secteur des TIC. À l’inverse, ces résultats infirment l’Hypothèse 2. La satisfaction envers les bonis collectifs n’a donc pas d’impact significatif sur l’intention de rester. Malgré un problème de colinéarité, nos résultats suggèrent de confirmer l’Hypothèse 3 voulant que la satisfaction envers les bonis individuels ait un impact plus important sur l’intention de rester des travailleurs du secteur des TIC que la satisfaction envers les bonis collectifs. Les résultats indiquent également que le niveau de scolarité et l’engagement organisationnel ont un impact positif sur l’intention de rester des travailleurs. Les analyses longitudinales révèlent que les différences entre les caractéristiques des travailleurs expliquent davantage l’intention de rester, que les différences à travers les temps chez un même travailleur.
This thesis aims to study the differential impact of satisfaction with individual bonus plans and collective bonus plans on the intention to stay (in the compagnie) of the information and communications technology (ICT) industry workers. In order to investigate this question, three research hypotheses were issued using the following theories: 1 - the agency theory, 2 - the expectations theory and 3 - Blau’s social exchange theory (1964). The first hypothesis suggests that satisfaction with individual bonus plans enhances intention to stay of the ICT industry workers. The second hypothesis suggests that satisfaction with collective bonus plans enhances the intention to stay of the ICT industry workers. The last hypothesis suggests that satisfaction with individual bonus plans has a greater impact on the intention to stay of the ICT industry workers than satisfaction with collective bonus plans. The data used to validate the hypotheses were collected for a larger research on "the relationship between compensation, training and skills development with attracting and retaining key employees." The longitudinal data come from a Canadian ICT business. The study population consists of workers newly hired between April 1st 2009 and September 30th 2010. The results of our statistical analyzes confirm Hypothesis 1, showing that satisfaction with individual bonus plan enhances intention to stay of the ICT industry workers. Contrariwise, the results contradict Hypothesis 2. Thus, the satisfaction with collective bonus plans has no significant impact on intention to stay. Despite a collinearity problem, the results tend to confirm Hypothesis 3, revealing that satisfaction with individual bonus plans have a greater impact on intention to stay of the ITC industry workers than satisfaction with collective bonus plans. The results also show that the level of education and the organizational commitment have a positve impact on worker’s intention to stay. Longitudinal analysis revealed that the differences between the characteristics of workers are a better explanation of intention to stay than the differences across time of a same worker. Finally, the conclusion of this thesis shows how our results can be used by managers in industrial relations, as well as researchers aiming to find the best ways to retain the ICT industry workers.

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Miranda, Marta Isabel da Silva. "O papel das redes informais na internacionalização de empresas no sector vitivinícola português: o caso Douro boys". Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/9718.

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Este trabalho tem como propósito analisar o papel das redes informais como meio de suporte do processo de internacionalização de pequenas e médias empresas do sector vitivinícola português estudando, em particular, o caso Douro Boys. Os principais objectivos assentam em (i) testar a existência de uma rede nesse caso específico, (ii) confirmando-se a sua existência, qual a tipologia dessa mesma rede, (iii) qual o seu papel no suporte à internacionalização dos seus componentes/ empresas e, por fim, (iv) quais os benefícios resultantes da sua formação. A rede Douro Boys, tendencialmente enquadra-se como uma rede informal, significando que o grau de interdependência mútuo é reduzido. Adicionalmente, esta rede pode caracterizar-se como horizontal, dada a existência de desafios comuns para resolução. Desta forma, a actuação em rede permitiu o acesso a novas informações e contactos, partilha de conhecimento, bem como explorar conjuntamente uma estratégia de comunicação que lhes permitiu manter o caráter informal da rede. O caso Douro Boys permite demonstrar como uma simples rede informal, baseada na conjugação de esforços dos seus intervenientes, alavancada por uma estratégia de comunicação clara, com mercados e público alvo bem definidos, pode facilitar a introdução de pequenas e médias empresas em novos mercados.
This paper aims to analyze the role of informal networks as a mean to support the internationalization process of SMEs from the Portuguese wine sector, in particular the Douro Boys special case. The goals in scope build upon (i) the need to test the existence if a network in the Douro Boys case, (ii) if the existence of a network is true than what type of network was implemented, (iii) understand how the network helped to support the internationalization process, and finally, (iv) what were the benefits from implementing the network. The Douro Boys network may fit within informal networks meaning the mutual interdependence is low. Additionally, the network may also classify as horizontal, given the common issues to be resolved. Thus, working within the network allowed access to new information and contacts, knowledge sharing, as well as the joint exploitation of the communication strategy which also allowed them to maintain the status of informality within the network. The Douro Boys case allows to demonstrate how a simple informal network, based on the effort sharing of its components, built upon a strategy of clear communication, with market and audience scope clearly defined, may ease the internationalization of small and medium enterprises into new markets.

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Santos, André Filipe Saraiva dos. "Boas práticas nos projectos de implementação de sistemas de gestão do desempenho em organizações do sector financeiro em Portugal". Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/5205.

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Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estatística e Gestão de Informação.
Com o aumento da competitividade nas organizações, os decisores precisam ter uma visão transversal do seu negócio, que permita uma gestão preventiva capaz de antecipar problemas e explorar oportunidades de mercado. As especificidades do sector financeiro e a sua influência em toda a economia tornam estes desafios ainda mais relevantes. Os sistemas de gestão de desempenho permitem dar resposta a estes desafios. No entanto, os sistemas de gestão de desempenho são projectos de aplicação complexa, com um elevado grau de risco, especialmente porque a sua aplicação e desenvolvimento envolve toda a organização (Turban 2008). De forma a poder conhecer melhor as especificidades da implementação destes sistemas em organizações do sector financeiro em Portugal, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura relevante sobre este tema numa fase inicial. Posteriormente, foram entrevistados três especialistas portugueses nesta área que, através das suas experiências, se revelaram um suporte importante para o desenho e aplicação de um questionário online respondido por vinte profissionais desta área.(...)

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Gonçalves, Pedro Daniel da Cunha. "Divulgação de boas práticas como estratégia de marketing na construção". Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/40592.

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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil
O setor da construção é um dos mais importantes a nível internacional, representando um grande impacto, quer positivo quer negativo, na economia de muitos países, e Portugal não é exceção. Contudo, o mercado da construção atravessa dias difíceis e, apesar dos dados mais recentes apresentarem algumas melhorias, esta situação levou a um aumento desmedido da competitividade. Este fenómeno compeliu as organizações para o estudo e adoção de medidas que permitissem a sua sobrevivência e uma diferenciação positiva em relação à concorrência. A aplicação de boas práticas nas empresas de construção e a posterior divulgação das mesmas (funcionando assim como estratégias de marketing) poderá ser uma das melhores soluções para atingir este objetivo, com consequências positivas no médio e longo prazos. Assim, nesta dissertação pretende-se começar por identificar e caracterizar as boas práticas aplicáveis à construção, assim como as abordagens estratégicas de marketing utilizáveis pelas empresas do setor para a divulgação das mesmas. Posteriormente, a partir de uma investigação, será analisado o desempenho geral em relação à divulgação das boas práticas de uma série de empresas portuguesas de construção habitacional. Numa outra vertente, e recorrendo à aplicação de inquéritos, pretende-se perceber o ponto de vista em relação ao tema em estudo das entidades que representam a parcela oposta do mercado da construção, isto é, os clientes. Os resultados do estudo realizado indicam que, tendo em consideração os parâmetros e condições adotados para o desenvolvimento da investigação efetuada, o desempenho geral das empresas de construção em relação à divulgação de boas práticas é ainda muito pouco satisfatório. Isto significa que toda a potencialidade que a divulgação de boas práticas tem para servir como estratégia de marketing não está a ser devidamente aproveitada pela grande maioria das empresas analisadas. Por outro lado, a análise dos inquéritos demonstrou o reconhecimento da aplicabilidade da utilização da divulgação de boas práticas como estratégia de marketing na construção por parte dos inquiridos. Mediante estes resultados, fica provada a plausibilidade de aplicação da ideia sugerida e estudada nesta dissertação.
The construction sector is one of the most important internationally, representing a major impact, either positive or negative, in the economy of many countries, and Portugal is no exception. However, the construction market is crossing a difficult period, and despite the latest data present some improvements, this has led to an excessive increase in competitiveness. This phenomena compelled organizations to study and adopt mechanisms that allow their subsistence and to stand out from the competition. The application of good practices in construction companies and the subsequent dissemination of the same (working as marketing strategies) may be one of the best solutions to achieve this goal, with positive consequences in medium and long-term. Therefore, in this dissertation is intended the identification and characterization of the good practices for the construction, as well as strategic marketing approaches that can be adopted by companies in the industry. Later, starting from an investigation, several Portuguese construction companies will be analyzed in terms of the overall performance in relation to the dissemination of good practices. In another angle, and by applying surveys, we intend to understand the point of view of organizations representing the opposing portion of the construction market, i.e. customers regarding the theme in the study. Taking into account the parameters and conditions adopted for the development of research performed, the results obtained in this work indicate that, the overall performance of the construction companies in relation to the dissemination of good practice is still insufficient. This means that the potential that the dissemination of good practice has to serve as marketing strategy is not being fully exploited by the vast majority of the companies analyzed. On the other hand, the survey results show that surveyed recognize in a very positive way the applicability of using the dissemination of good practices as a marketing strategy in construction. These results validate the application plausibility of the idea suggested and studied in this dissertation.

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Abreu, Cláudia Maria Sá. "O chefe ideal: um estudo sobre a sua representação social nos setores público e privado". Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94855.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação
O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo analisar a representação social do chefe ideal no setor público e no setor privado (por conta própria ou por conta de outrem). Para tal, 2075 indivíduos foram inquiridos. Aplicámos a Técnica de Associação Livre de Palavras para obter as evocações do chefe ideal. De modo a organizá-las, foi criado um sistema de categorias a partir das dimensões dos modelos de liderança positivaconsiderados adequados para a compreensão e interpretação dos resultados. Identificámos os principais termos de cada setor através do Quadro de Quatro Casas. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os núcleos centrais do setor público e do setor privado (por conta própria ou por conta de outrem) não diferem e são constituídos pelas palavras “compreensivo”, “respeitador”, “líder”, “competente” e “simpático”. As categorias mais predominantes são Empatia, Preocupação com os Outros e Liderar pelo Exemplo. As categorias menos predominantes são Autoconsciência, Comunicação de Normas e Concetualização. Em ambos os setores, as categorias que predominam são Empatia e Preocupação com os Outros. Os resultados sugerem assim uma forte consistência na representação social do chefe ideal entre os diferentes setores.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The aim of this study is to analyse the social representation of the ideal boss in the public sector and in the private sector (self-employed private sector worker or self-employed worker in a private sector). To achieve it, 2075 subjects were surveyed. We applied the Free Word Association technique to get the evocations of the ideal boss. In order to organize them, we create a categorical system from the dimensions of the positive leadership models, which we considered appropriate for the understanding and interpretation of results. We identified the main terms of each sector through the Four-Frame Table. The obtained outcomes show that the central core of public and private sector (self-employed private sector worker or self-employed worker in a private sector) do not differ and is constituted by “comprehensive”, “respectful”, “leader”, “competent” and “sympathetic”. The categories more predominant are Empathy, Concern with the Others and Leading by Example. The categories less predominant are Self-Awareness, Norms and Conceptualization. In both sectors, the predominant categories are Empathy and Concern with Others. The results thus suggest a strong consistency in the social representation of ideal boss among the different sectors.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Moreira, Cláudio Vicente Leal. "Aplicação ao sector da saúde de modelos de boas práticas na gestão de serviços : caso de estudo - gestão de rastreios da ARS norte". Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/61572.

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Moreira, Cláudio Vicente Leal. "Aplicação ao sector da saúde de modelos de boas práticas na gestão de serviços : caso de estudo - gestão de rastreios da ARS norte". Dissertação, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/61572.

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Marçal, Frederico Mauro Quintela. "How can new strategies foster the air cargo sector in the Lisbon airport, while dealing with the limited capacity and inadequacy of the air cargo infrastructures?" Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/18160.

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Air cargo in Portugal, despite its undeniable importance for the Portuguese economy, is still seen by some agents as a poor relative of passenger transportation, as a by-product, not as a product that, per se has tremendous potential for wealth generation. It is of fundamental importance, that the Lisbon airport and all its stakeholders are aware of this reality, under the risk of losing an important lever of economic growth, and this research is expected to contribute to this intent. Within this setting, this thesis aims to improve the operational performance within the airfreight sector in Lisbon, proposing new strategies to increase efficiency, while dealing with the limited capacity and inadequacy of the current air cargo infrastructures. By initially characterizing the sector, and subsequently identifying the main causes for the problem of limited capacity, a direct comparison can be made with the reality of some key industry European airports. Hence, allowing the finding of solutions for solving the identified causes to the main problem, and thereby uncovering the winning strategies to face possible constraints to a greater vitality of the air cargo sector in Lisbon.
A carga aérea em Portugal, apesar da sua inegável importância para a economia Portuguesa, é ainda olhada por alguns agentes como um parente pobre do transporte de passageiros, como um sub-produto, e não como um produto que por si mesmo possui um potencial tremendo de geração de riqueza. É de fundamental importância, que o Aeroporto de Lisboa e todos os seus stakeholders estejam cientes desta realidade, sob pena de se perder uma importante alavanca de crescimento económico, e esperamos, com esta investigação, contribuir para esse desígnio. Dentro deste quadro, esta tese tem como objetivo melhorar a performance operacional do sector da carga aérea em Lisboa, propondo novas estratégias para aumentar a eficiência operacional, simultaneamente lidando com a capacidade limitada e a inadequação das infraestruturas de carga aérea actuais. Ao inicialmente caracterizar o sector, e posteriormente identificando as principais causas para o problema da capacidade limitada, poder-se-á finalmente fazer uma comparação direta com a realidade em alguns dos principais aeroportos Europeus. Desta forma, torna-se possível encontrar soluções para resolver as causas identificadas para o problema central, simultaneamente revelando as estratégias mais adequadas para fazer face a possíveis constrangimentos a uma maior vitalidade do sector da carga aérea em Lisboa.

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Herczeg-Konecny, Jessica. ""We will be prepared" : scouting and civil defense in the early Cold War, 1949-1963". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4033.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
During the early Cold War, 1949 through 1963, the federal government, through such agencies as the Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA) (1950-1957), the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization (OCDM) (1958-1960), and the Office of Civil Defense (OCD) (1961-1963), regarded children and young adults as essential to American civil defense. Youth-oriented, voluntary organizations, including the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) and the Girl Scouts of the United States of America (GSUSA), assisted the federal civil defense programs by promoting civil defense messages and agendas. In this thesis, I will explore how the GSUSA and BSA translated federal civil defense policies for their Scouts. What were the civil defense messages transmitted to Scouts during the early Cold War? How were those messages disseminated? Why? What was the social impact of BSA and GSUSA involvement with civil defense on America’s evolving national ideals?

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