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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Secondary sexual characteristics"
Herman-Giddens, Marcia E., Lily Wang i Gary Koch. "Secondary Sexual Characteristics in Boys". Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 155, nr 9 (1.09.2001): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.155.9.1022.
Pełny tekst źródłaGreil, Holle, i Heidrun Kahl. "Assessment of developmental age: cross-sectional analysis of secondary sexual characteristics". Anthropologischer Anzeiger 63, nr 1 (11.03.2005): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/63/2005/63.
Pełny tekst źródłaBreathnach, C. S. "The secondary sexual characteristics of the brain". Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 7, nr 1 (marzec 1990): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700017067.
Pełny tekst źródłaWojciechowski, A. P. "Evolutionary aspects of mammalian secondary sexual characteristics". Journal of Theoretical Biology 155, nr 2 (marzec 1992): 271–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5193(05)80598-3.
Pełny tekst źródłaITO, Madoka, i Seiichi WATANABE. "SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF METACRANGON ANGUSTICAUDA(DE HAAN)". Researches on Crustasea 21 (1992): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18353/rcustacea.21.0_107.
Pełny tekst źródłaGraham, E. A., N. Sugar;, S. J. Emans, F. Biro;, M. E. Herman-Giddens, E. J. Slora, R. C. Wasserman i G. G. Koch. "Secondary Sexual Characteristics and Menses in Young Girls". PEDIATRICS 101, nr 5 (1.05.1998): 949–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.101.5.949.
Pełny tekst źródłaHockham, Leon R., i Michael G. Ritchie. "Female secondary sexual characteristics: appearances might be deceptive". Trends in Ecology & Evolution 15, nr 11 (listopad 2000): 436–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(00)01963-7.
Pełny tekst źródłaJ�rvi, Torbj�rn, Eivin R�skaft, Morten Bakken i Brigitta Zumsteg. "Evolution of variation in male secondary sexual characteristics". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 20, nr 3 (marzec 1987): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00299729.
Pełny tekst źródłaEmerson. "Vertebrate Secondary Sexual Characteristics-Physiological Mechanisms and Evolutionary Patterns". American Naturalist 156, nr 1 (2000): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3079033.
Pełny tekst źródłaEmerson, Sharon B. "Vertebrate Secondary Sexual Characteristics—Physiological Mechanisms and Evolutionary Patterns". American Naturalist 156, nr 1 (lipiec 2000): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/303370.
Pełny tekst źródłaRozprawy doktorskie na temat "Secondary sexual characteristics"
Christensen, Kathrine Rose. "Links between Sexual Health Content and Teacher Characteristics in North Dakota's Secondary Schools". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27235.
Pełny tekst źródłaPeters, Marianne. "The role of male secondary sexual traits in human mate choice : are they preferred by females and do they signal mate quality ?" University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0201.
Pełny tekst źródłaLi, Han-Yun, i 李涵芸. "Association between Secondary Sexual Characteristics and Urinary Alkylphenol Levels". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03833960705110952243.
Pełny tekst źródła國立陽明大學
環境衛生研究所
95
Alkylphenols (APs), mainly composed of nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP), are known as environmental hormone. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (BP) is widely used as additives and antioxidants in plastic, rubber and surfactants. Because of widely uses of APs, population in Taiwan may ubiquitously expose to the hormone-like APs. Studies have reported that nonylphenol can accelerate the onset of puberty of female rats, but the effects of NP upon adolescent human are unknown. Adolescent students are at a rapidly physical and sexual development period. This study assessed whether APs exposure affects sexualidy development in human at the age of puberty. Participants were students recruited elementary school and junior high school from northern, central, southern and eastern Taiwan. Urine samples, and information on demographic data, diet preferences and sexualities development status of each participant were collected. We recruited 378 junior high school students (grade 1 and 2) and 408 elementary school students (grade 5 and 6). In male students self-reported sexuality development status, 50.0% got pimples, 40.4% got voice changing, 39.6% got body hair growing, 36.3% had facial hair, 34.7% had an Adam’s apple, 32.4% became wider shoulders and 18.9% had nocturnal emission. In the results of female students’ reports, 86.5% had breast development, 66.4% got pimples, 61.2% appeared body hair, 55.6% experienced first menstrual cycle, 29.3% became wider hips, 28.8% showed subcutaneous fat increasing, and the average age of fist menstruation was 11.5±0.9 years old. The average urinary NP, OP and BP levels of elementary school students ranged from 1.61 to 8.64, 2.19 to 16.14 and nd to 2.43 μg/g creatinine, respectively. Those of junior high school students ranged from 0.90 to 2.19, 0.53 to 2.47, and 0.75 to 1.39 μg/g creatinine, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed NP affected the age of girls’ fist menstruation, but no other effects on sexualities development were seen. Comparing to other study populations, urinary NP levels of adolescent students were relatively lower. This study established valuable information on urinary AP levels for Taiwanese adolescent students. Since the commonly APs exposure among Taiwanese, follow-up monitoring was needed to realize the potential cumulative effects on reproductive system.
Tsai, Tai-Chen, i 蔡岱蓁. "Association Between Phthalate Esters Exposure and Secondary Sexual Characteristics for Pubertal Students". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36281440032090880357.
Pełny tekst źródła國立陽明大學
環境與職業衛生研究所
101
Phthalates are synthetic chemicals that are used in numerous consumer products. People may be exposed to them when they use these products or via contaminated foodstuffs. Exposure routes include ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact. Several animal studies have demonstrated that phthalates can adversely affect male and female reproductive systems. They are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), potentially interfering with the normal functions of human hormones, affecting the onset of pubertal development. This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate levels of exposure of adolescent students to phthalates. Two hundreds and ninety-three adolescent students (aged from 10 to 14) were recruited from northern, central, southern, and eastern Taiwan. Their demographic data were collected using questionnaires; urine samples were also collected. In this study we measured four phthalate monoesters including monoethyl phthalate (MEP), monobutyl phthalate (MBP), mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) were analyzed by isotope dilution and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Urine samples were deconjugated and then solid-phase extraction and GC-MS. The most frequently occurring of secondary sexual characteristic was having pimples (57.2%); the second most frequently occurring was the development of pubic hair development (50.0%). For girls, the most frequently occurring secondary sexual characteristic was breast development (87.9%), which was followed by having pimples (74.5%), and menarche (68.8%).The average age for menarche was 11.6±1.1 years. The geometric mean concentrations of MEP, MBP, MEHP, and MBzP in the urine samples of the students were 5.26, 33.37, 8.26, and 0.88 μg/g cr, respectively. The concentrations of the four metabolites, except that of MEHP, were highest in students from northern Taiwan, and were 12.4, 44.16, 9.57, 1.44 μg/g cr, respectively. According to regression models, after adjusting for age, BMI, sleeping and exercise habits, the subjects with the third quartile of MEHP concentration exhibited a significantly lower occurrence of pimple than the reference group of girls (OR=0.26, p=0.04). The menarcheal age was significantly reduced in the group with the fourth quartile of MEHP concentration and for girls with MBzP above the median concentration (β= -0.68 years, p=0.01; β= -0.57 years, p=0.00). The menarcheal declined as the PAEs metabolite concentrations increased. The group with the highest HMW PAEs concentration, had a 0.89 year earlier menarcheal age (p<0.0001). For boys, high MEP concentration was associated with a significantly higher occurrence of voice change than in the reference group (OR=3.06, p=0.01). The onset of voice change was significantly higher for the group with the highest LMW concentration than for the reference group (OR=3.80, p=0.02). A significant inversed relationship existed between LMW concentration and nocturnal pollution (OR=0.15, p=0.01). This study finds the relationship between exposure to PAEs and the sexual development of boys and girls. PAEs may reduce menarcheal age and have an estrogen-like effect on girls. This finding warrants future study to elucidate the causal relation and the associated mechanism. The effects of PAEs on the age of maturation and health require further investigation.
Yang, Meng-Huan, i 楊孟桓. "Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure and Its Association with Secondary Sexual Characteristics of Adolescent Students". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98289033736921069675.
Pełny tekst źródła國立陽明大學
環境與職業衛生研究所
100
A large amount of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) is used throughout Taiwan, and human may be exposed through dietary intake or residential use. Adolescent students are at a rapidly physical and sexual development period, they may be more susceptible to the potentially adverse effects of pesticides than other age groups. Environmental chemicals may affect the growth and development in human, but the effects of OP upon adolescent are unknown. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between OPs exposure and secondary sexual development of adolescent students. Adolescent students (N=293) aged from 10 to 14 years were recruited from northern, central, southern, and eastern Taiwan. Urine samples were collected and a structured questionnaire was also filled out by the subject to collect the demographic data. Urinary metabolite of organophosphate pesticides were assessed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The analytes included dimethylphosphate (DMP), dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP), diethylphosphate (DEP), diethylthiophosphate (DETP), and diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP). The highest occurrence of secondary sexual characteristic for boys was having pimples (57.3%), followed by pubic hair development (51.3%). The highest occurrence of secondary sexual characteristic for girls was breast development (88.7%), followed by having pimples (75.2%), and menarche (68.8%).The average age of menarche occurred at 11.5±1.0 years. We found that the detection rate of OP urinary metabolites for our subjects ranged from the lowest of 20% for DEDTP to the highest of 93% for DMTP and DEP . Regression analysis showed that risk factors of OP exposure included sex , urban , eating out frequency , fruits and vegetables purchase supermarkets. Regression analysis showed a significantly association between OP exposure and facial hair development in boys, association between OP exposure and pubic hair development as well as menarche in girls. Since the common OPs exposure among Taiwanese, a large longitudinal study is warranted to examine the relationship between OP exposure and secondary sexual development for adolescent students .
Yang, Shang-Han, i 楊尚翰. "Regional Differences of Nonylphenol for Taiwanese Pubertal Students and its Correlation with Secondary Sexual Characteristics". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52397944391481791202.
Pełny tekst źródła國立陽明大學
環境與職業衛生研究所
102
4-Nonylphenol (NP) is industrial chemical substance used widely in our daily products. It is also an endocrine disruptor. The structure of nonylphenol is similar to estrogen. Once inside the human body, it disrupts the original function of hormone, including changes in puberty growth. This study aims to determine regional differences of nonylphenol for Taiwanese pubertal students and to clarify its correlation with development of secondary sexual characteristics. Four hundreds and twenty-three adolescent students (aged from 10 to 14) were recruited from northern, central, southern, and eastern Taiwan. Their demographic data were collected using qustionnaires, their urine samples were also collected to analyze the NP concentration in their bodies. Urine and beverage samples were purified and assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescent detection. The highest occurrence of secondary sexual characteristic for boys was having pimples (49.0%), followed by pubic hair development (41.0%). The highest occurrence of secondary sexual characteristic for girls was breast development (71.7%), followed by having pimples (59.5%), and pubic hair (54.6%). The average age of menarche occurred at 11.4±1.0years. This research also studied the secondary sexual characteristics of adolescent schoolchildren of different ages in northern regions. The result showed that there were significant differences in the secondary sexual characteristics of the male students of 2008 and that of 2012. Adolescent boys in the 2008 study had a higher occurrence rate of secondary sexual characteristics than their 2012 counterparts. As for female students, the rate of appearance of pubic hair and menstrual during 10 to 12.99 of age is higher in the 2012 adolescent female students. Compared to their 2008 counterparts, their age of menarche also appeared to be lower. Except for the growth of pubic hair and occurrence of menstrual, other rate of sexual characteristics of the 2012 students were generally lower than those of 2008. In addition, the mean concentration of urinary NP of the students were 4.97±4.27, 3.50±2.94, 3.37±2.49, and 3.34±2.72μg/g creatinine, from northern, central, southern, eastern, respectively. According to regression models, after adjusting for age, BMI, sleeping, exercise habits and region, the results showed that exposure to nonylphenol was a risk for the advancement of menarche of age for girls. The menarcheal age decrease as the NP concentration increase. The above-median group had a 0.20 year earlier age of menarche. Regression analysis showed a significant association between age and pubic hair development in girls. BMI is significantly associated with the occurrence pimple, pubic hair, widening of hips, and menstruation in girls (OR=1.10;1.22;1.10;1.23). Sleeping hour is not associated with secondary sexual characteristics. The odds ratio of breast development for central and southern girls (OR=6.11;3.77) are higher than northern counterparts. Since NP exposure is quite common among Taiwanese, a large longitudinal study is warranted to examine the relationship between NP exposure and secondary sexual development for adolescent students .
Lin, Zi-liaung, i 林子量. "Potential Factors Influencing the Development of Secondary Sexual Characteristics in Adolescent Students: Surrounding Environment, Diet and Living Habits". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73185118316233385979.
Pełny tekst źródła國立陽明大學
環境與職業衛生研究所
97
Most of the research data of secondary sexual characteristics of pubertal student in Taiwan concentrate in the beginning of female menarche, so this research contains the self-administration questionnaires of whole Taiwan elementary and junior high school students from 5 to 8 to realize the status and potential factors of secondary sexual characteristics. Secondary sexual characteristics refers the difference of the appearance, figure, face and voice exclusive of reproductive organ. Boy’s Secondary sexual characteristics of this research are acne, the Adam’s apple, pubic hair, armpit hair, facial hair, nocturnal emission and voice change. Girls Secondary sexual characteristics of this research are acne, breast, pubic hair, armpit hair, subcutaneous fat, buttocks and menarche. By stratified random sampling, we retrieve 956 effective questionnaires which have 493 boys and 463 girls from whole parts of Taiwan. The Responding rate is higher than 90%. According to the results, ages, heights, weights and most secondary sexual characteristics have strong positive correlation. Taking Secondary sexual characteristics as dependent variables and taking ages, body mass index, tonic supplements , sleeping, exercise, urban/rural area ,and total scores of meat-protein as independent variables to analyze the potential factors shows that Ages have significant correlations on boy’s Acne, the Adam’s apple, pubic hair, armpit hair, girl’s acne, pubic hair, armpit hair and menarche. Tonic supplements have significant correlations on girl’s pubic hair, armpit hair and menarche. Besides, comparing with former research, we find that the coming age of menarche becomes lower in each grade. And according to the result of logistic regression shows that students having tonic supplements have greater opportunity on the present of menarche pubic hair and armpit hair than others, and the ORs rate are 2.75 and 1.88 respectively. This result maybe related to tonic supplements which containing growth hormone which promote the growth of body. Boys who have longer time on exercise have greater opportunity on the present of acne and this maybe related to personal health. In addition, we find that students who sleeping between 6~8 hrs have greater opportunity on the present of acne. So far, because there is no research concentrate to discuss the issue about having tonic supplements cause effect on girl’s secondary sexual characteristics, we can research focus on the population of having tonic supplements in the future. For example, designing case-control or cohort study to observe that whether proportion of having tonic supplements is higher than controls or not. Finally, we will continue to detect the pesticide in urine of pubertal students for the further environment’s effect on secondary sexual characteristics.
PECH, Michal. "Vliv syntetického progestinu etonogestrelu na sekundární pohlavní znaky a histologii gonád živorodky Wingeovy (Poecilia wingei)". Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-396084.
Pełny tekst źródłaKsiążki na temat "Secondary sexual characteristics"
Slater, Jonathan A., Katharine A. Stratigos i Janis L. Cutler. Child, Adolescent, and Adult Development. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199326075.003.0014.
Pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Secondary sexual characteristics"
Dekker, M. L., C. A. Hinde i B. J. A. Pollux. "Secondary Sexual Characteristics". W Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_65-1.
Pełny tekst źródłaDekker, M. L., C. A. Hinde i B. J. A. Pollux. "Secondary Sexual Characteristics". W Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 6890–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_65.
Pełny tekst źródłaSever, David M., i Nancy L. Staub. "Hormones, Sex Accessory Structures, and Secondary Sexual Characteristics in Amphibians". W Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates, 83–98. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374931-4.10005-7.
Pełny tekst źródłaSever, David M., i Nancy L. Staub. "Hormones, Sex Accessory Structures, and Secondary Sexual Characteristics in Amphibians". W Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates, 83–98. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374932-1.00018-4.
Pełny tekst źródłaButler, Gary, i Jeremy Kirk. "Puberty and its disorders". W Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, 49–82. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198786337.003.0002.
Pełny tekst źródłaSimmons, Leigh W. "3. Choosing from the field of competitors". W Sexual Selection: A Very Short Introduction, 34–51. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198778752.003.0003.
Pełny tekst źródłaSrinivas-Shankar, U., i F. C. W. Wu. "Disorders of male reproduction". W Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 1913–27. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.130802.
Pełny tekst źródłaMcphaul, Michael J., i Richard J. Auchus. "Sexual Differentiation". W Textbook of Endocrine Physiology. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199744121.003.0010.
Pełny tekst źródłaBouloux, P. M. G. "Disorders of male reproduction and male hypogonadism". W Oxford Textbook of Medicine, redaktor Mark Gurnell, 2386–406. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0252.
Pełny tekst źródłaPalmer, Neal A., Joseph G. Kosciw, Emily A. Greytak i Madeline J. Boesen. "Disrupting Hetero-Gender-Normativity". W Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Schooling, 58–74. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199387656.003.0004.
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