Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Seawater corrosion”
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Sochu, Witchapong, Nitikorn Noraphaiphipaksa, Anchalee Manonukul i Chaosuan Kanchanomai. "Elastic-plastic fracture mechanics approach for stress corrosion cracking of nickel aluminium bronze under ammonia-containing artificial seawater". International Journal of Damage Mechanics 27, nr 5 (4.04.2017): 729–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789517702210.
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With the growth of urbanization and industries, the seawater near coastal areas has become polluted, and the nickel aluminium bronze components around coastal areas are affected by ammonia-containing seawater. Unfortunately, the influence of the ammonia concentration in seawater on the stress corrosion cracking of thin nickel aluminium bronze components with large plastic zones at the defects has not been evaluated before. In the present work, stress corrosion cracking experiments on nickel aluminium bronze components under artificial seawater and ammonia-containing artificial seawater were conducted using a four-point bending technique. The elastic–plastic fracture mechanics parameter ( J-integral) was evaluated using finite element analysis. The J-integral successfully characterized the crack growth rate under the present corrosive environments. Stress corrosion cracking was possible under both artificial seawater and ammonia-containing artificial seawater. The threshold J-integral for susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking ( JSCC) and fracture toughness ( JC) was the highest for stress corrosion cracking under artificial seawater and decreased as the amount of ammonium hydroxide added to the artificial seawater increased.
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Xu, Chun Xia, Zhong Wen Ou, Jun Long Zhou, Han Bin Chen i Qiao Chen. "Investigation on Protectional Ability on Steel Bar of Compound Corrosion Inhibitor Applied in Seawater-and-Sea Sand Concrete". Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (lipiec 2011): 864–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.864.
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Seawater and sea sand mixed in concrete will cause rebar of structural concrete corrosion, referring to the principles of composition and design of MCI and Pearson’s Hard-Soft Acid-Base (HSAB) theory, as well as to synergy effect of corrosion inhibitor applied in chemical industry, compound corrosion inhibitor has been designed consisting of diisopropanolamine, surface active agent, inorganic salts and so on. This paper research the relation between polarization potential and time of rebar in seawater-and-sea sand concrete through a series of experiments by adding corrosion inhibitor into seawater-and-sea sand concrete to improve its corrosive resistance characteristics. The results indicate that Z5 has the best inhibition effect. Corrosion inhibitor Z5 comprises 50% of triethanolamine, 20% of dimethylethanolamine (DMEA), 25% of triethoxysilane and 5%lithium nitrate, and its proper content applied in seawater-and-sea sand concrete is 1.5%. Rebar have been embedded in seawater-and-sea sand concrete for the long-term test. The results show that corrosion resistance performance of seawater-and-sea sand concrete with corrosion inhibitor Z5 was significantly improved, and the embedded bar was not corroded at all within 420 days.
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Khan, Akib Abdullah, Mohammad Salim Kaiser i Maglub Al Nur. "Investigation of the Electrochemical Corrosion Property of 2xxx Series Cast Aluminium Alloy in 0.3 M, 0.6 M NaCl, and Seawater Environments". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1305, nr 1 (1.04.2024): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1305/1/012038.
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Abstract The electrochemical corrosion activities of 2xxx series Al alloys were investigated in NaCl of 0.3 M, and 0.6 M concentrations and seawater environments. Both Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods were followed to analyze the corrosion behavior. These results implied that corrosive attack is more aggressive in sodium chloride solution compared to seawater, as additional elements present in seawater are involved in forming various protective layers. Again, a higher concentration of NaCl solution damaged the alloy surface more drastically. The open circuit potential moved towards the nobler direction in the case of seawater environment, and 0.3 M solution for NaCl. The corrosion rate and corrosion current showed higher values in NaCl solution than in seawater. The surface morphologies of the alloys were characterized not only with an optical microscope but with a scanning electron microscope also. The scratch marks from polishing were removed after corrosion. Extensive damage to the surface was found in the NaCl environment, where 0.6 M solution created the most damage, which is evident by both optical and scanning electron micrography. A higher level of pitting corrosion occurred in NaCl than in seawater, identified by SEM images.
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Li, Ming, Huajie Wu i Yanhui Sun. "Corrosion Performance of Welded Joints for E40 Marine Steel". Metals 13, nr 9 (28.08.2023): 1528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13091528.
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Marine steel requires excellent toughness and corrosion resistance in a low-temperature seawater environment. In this study, corrosion tests on E40 steel were performed, including electrochemical testing of the weld metal and heat-affected zone, dynamic corrosion testing in a simulated seawater environment, and the analysis and comparison of results obtained using different methods. The corrosion resistance of E40 was determined by measuring the saturation current density of the anodic dissolution of the steel in a corrosive medium by an electrochemical method. Under laboratory conditions, the corrosion resistance was investigated under simulated seawater. The results showed that regions with uneven microhardness corresponded to the inhomogeneity of the corrosion potential, with measured fluctuations of up to 40 mV. Nanoscale corrosive–aggressive non-metallic inclusions served as a substrate for the deposition of titanium and niobium carbonitrides, thereby weakening the corrosion resistance. The corrosion rate of the base metal was 1.16–1.64 mm/year, which was slightly higher than that of the heat-affected zone. The influence of deposition on the corrosion performance of welded joints under different deoxygenation processes was studied, and the deposition composition was controlled by a deoxygenation process to improve the corrosion resistance of the steel plate.
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Xu, Qingzhong, Liyong Chen, Mingjia Sun, Guijie Wang i Yan Liu. "A comparative study of corrosion property, tribological behavior and cutting performance of tool materials for the cutting of marine high-strength steels in the marine environment". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 235, nr 1-2 (23.08.2020): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405420949225.
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To select the optimum tool material for the cutting of marine high-strength steels using a hole-opening equipment in the marine environment, this article conducted a comparative study on the corrosion property, tribological behavior and cutting performance of cermet, cemented carbide and coated tools. The results reveal that the coated tool materials have good corrosion resistance with coating protection, and poor wear resistance with adhesive and corrosive wear in artificial seawater, and present moderate cutting performance. In addition, the cemented carbide tool materials show poor corrosion resistance and good wear resistance due to the lubrication effect of corrosion products in artificial seawater, but have bad cutting performance with a high flank wear value. Moreover, the cermet tool materials present acceptable corrosion and wear resistance with adhesive and corrosive wear in artificial seawater and have the excellent cutting performance. Taking into account the corrosion resistance, wear resistance and cutting performance of tool materials and regarding cutting performance as an important indicator, the cermet tool materials with superior comprehensive performances are suitable for the cutting of marine high-strength steels in the marine environment.
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Deviyani, Larisa, i Isdiriayani Nurdin. "Inhibisi korosi baja dalam air laur mengandung sulfida menggunakan glutaraldehida". Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 5, nr 1 (2.10.2018): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2006.5.1.2.
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Most of steel corrosion on process equipment using seawater as utilities is due to corrosive seawater contaminants; one of which is sulfide. Corrosion control, which is commonly applied to steel in sulfide containing seawater, is chemical inhibition. In this research, the influence of H2S concentration on corrosion of steel in artificial seawater, and determination of the optimum doses of glutaraldehyde as corrosion inhibitor, are carried out by corrosion rate measurement according Tafel method; while prediction of inhibition mechanism is studied according to cyclic voltammetry method. The experimental result shows that steel is readily corroded in artificial seawater. Addition of H2S to artificial seawater increases corrosion rate. Glutaraldehiyde is an effective corrosion inhibitor for steel in seawater contaminated by H2S. The highest inhibition effectiveness on steel corrosion in seawater contaminated by 250 ppm H2S is 99.99%, which is obtained by adding of 80 ppm glutaraldehiyde. Generally, the oxidation reaction of steel in artificial seawater contaminated by H2S and inhibited with glutaraldehyde, is a one step irreversible reaction giving unstable product. Glutaraldehyde inhibits corrosion reaction through adsorption on steel surface, proven by reduction of corrosion product quantity.Keywords: Corrosion Inhibitor, Steel, Glutaraldehyde, Sulfide. AbstrakKorosi peralatan proses terbuat dari bajayang menggunakan air laut sebagai air utilitas disebabkan oleh kontaminan air laut yang bersifat korosif, salah satunya adalah sulfida. Pengendalian korosi baja dalam air laut mengandung sulfida dilakukan dengan penambahan inhibitor. Pada penelitian ini, untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi H2S dalam air laut terhadap korosi baja, serta menentukan dosis optimum glutaraldehida sebagai inhibitor korosi, dilakukan pengukuran laju korosi baja dengan metoda Tafel, dan perkiraan mekanisme inhibisi dengan metode voltameri siklik. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa baja terkorosi dalam air laut tiruan. Penambahan H2S dalam air laut tiruan meningkatkan laju korosi baja. Glutaraldehida efektif sebagai inhibitor korosi baja dalam air laut terkontaminasi H2S, dengan keefektifan inhibisi tertinggi adalah 99,99%, yang diperoleh dengan penambahan 80 ppm glutaraldehida ke dalam air laut tiruan yang mengandung 250 ppm H2S. Secara umum reaksi oksidasi baja dalam air laut tiruan terkontaminasi H2S dengan penambahan glutaraldehida berlangsung dalam satu tahap, merupakan reaksi irreversibel dengan produk reaksi yang bersifat tidak stabil. Inhibitor glutaraldehida menghambat korosi dengan cara teradsorbsi dipermukaan pelat baja, terbukti dengan penurunan kuantitas produk korosi.Kata Kunci: Inhibitor Korosi, Baja, Glutaraldehida, Sulfida
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Pješčić-Šćepanović, Jelena, Gyöngyi Vastag, Špiro Ivošević, Nataša Kovač i Rebeka Rudolf. "Corrosion of NiTiDiscs in Different Seawater Environments". Materials 15, nr 8 (13.04.2022): 2841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15082841.
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This paper gives an approach to the corrosion resistance analysis and changes in the chemical composition of anNiTi alloy in the shape of a disc, depending on different real seawater environments. The NiTi discs were analysed after 6 months of exposure in real seawater environments: the atmosphere, a tidal zone, and seawater. The corrosion tests showed that the highest corrosion rate for the discs is in seawater because this had the highest value of current density, and the initial disc had the most negative potential. Measuring the chemical composition of the discs using inductively coupled plasma and X-ray fluorescence before the experiment and semiquantitative analysis after the experiment showed the chemical composition after 6 months of exposure. Furthermore, the applied principal component analysis and cluster analysis revealed the influence of the different environments on the changes in the chemical composition of the discs. Cluster analysis detected small differences between the similar corrosive influences of the analysed types of environments during the period of exposure. The obtained results confirm that PCA can detect subtle quantitative differences among the corrosive influences of the types of marine environments, although the examined corrosive influences are quite similar. The applied chemometric methods (CA and PCA) are, therefore, sensitive enough to register the existence of slight differences among corrosive environmental influences on the analysed NiTi SMA.
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Ismail, A. "Corrosion Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel in High Sulphate Content". Advanced Materials Research 893 (luty 2014): 397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.397.
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Austenitic stainless steels especially 316L has been used extensively in many sectors including construction, medical and household appliances due to their highly resistance to corrosion attack, reasonable cost and excel in mechanical properties. However, in corrosive media, 316L are susceptible to localised corrosion attack especially in seawater and high temperature. The corrosiveness of media increased as the anions contents increased. This paper presents the corrosion mechanism of 316L exposed to high concentration of sulphate in the salinity of seawater. The solution (media) was prepared according to the same composition as seawater including pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen. The corrosion mechanism were characterized to breakdown potential (Eb) of 316L which are the potential once reaches a sufficiently positive value and also known as pitting potential. This is the most point where localized corrosion susceptibility to evaluate and considered a potential, which could be an appropriate point according to any given combination of material/ambient/testing methods. The Eb value were identified at 4°C, 20°C, 50°C and 80°C and compared with Eb value of 316L in seawater. The Eb value of 316L in high sulphate are higher compared to seawater in every temperature which elucidate that some anions accelerate corrosion attack whereas some anions such as sulphate behaves as inhibiting effect to 316L.
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Starosta, Robert. "Influence of Seawater Salinity on Corrosion of Austenitic Steel". Journal of KONES 26, nr 3 (1.09.2019): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0076.
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Abstract Due to the paramagnetic properties and the ability to passivation, for the production of hulls of some vessels (mainly warships), corrosion-resistant (stainless) steels with austenitic structure are used. This article describes the influence of seawater salinity on selected corrosion properties of high-alloy steel X5CrNi 18-10 (304). The average salinity of the seas is taken as 3.5% content of sodium chloride. Corrosion rate of the tested material was evaluated in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride was evaluated. The NaCl concentration in corrosive solutions was 0.7%, 1.4%, 2.1%, 2.8%, 3.5%, 4.2%. Corrosion tests were performed using the potentiodynamic method. The range of electrochemical potential changes was Ecorr ±150 mV. Corrosion rate was assessed on the basis of corrosion current density measurements. Corrosion potential values against the saturated calomel electrode were also determined. Based on the obtained measurement results and non-parametric significance tests carried out, a significant influence of seawater salinity on the value of corrosion current density and corrosion potential was found. The highest value of corrosion current density (jcorr), and thus the highest corrosion rate, was recorded for 3.5% NaCl solution. In the concentration range from 0.7 to 3.5% NaCl in solution, the corrosion rate of austenitic steel increases. A further increase in salinity of electrolyte results in the inhibition of corrosion rate of steel. There is almost a full negative, linear correlation between the proportion of sodium chloride in the corrosive solution and the value of corrosion potential. Along with the rise in the salinity of seawater, increase the electrochemical activity, and thus the corrosion susceptibility, thus the corrosion susceptibility, of the austenitic steel X5CrNi 18-10 was observed.
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Mainier, F. B., A. M. Coelho i E. F. Barros. "Corrosivity Evaluation of Copper-Nickel Alloy (90/10) in Pumps Used in Offshore Platforms for Seawater Pumping". Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, nr 5 (9.10.2019): 4636–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3016.
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This work discusses the case of corrosion in a copper-nickel alloy used in seawater, where chlorination is necessary to control micro- and macro-organism growth that can render inoperable the seawater supply system used in an offshore platform. Studies developed in the last 30 years have shown copper-nickel’s adequateness in seawater, with a corrosion rate of about 0.001mm/year. However, annual equipment inspection showed localized corrosion in an internal chamber in a stand-by pump. Such corrosion occurred due to high-concentration of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) injection into the operational system, even for pumps that were out of operation. To evaluate this corrosive process, gravimetric (mass loss) and electrochemical tests were developed in synthetic seawater with NaClO at concentrations of 100, 500, 1000 and 5000mg/L. The results indicated that the corrosiveness varied from low to moderate. The presence of pitting and crevices observed in the laboratory tests derails or compromises material use in seawater. It was concluded that there is a need for continuous monitoring of the NaClO injection in seawater pumps, and a method was proposed in order to minimize or avoid a high concentration of chlorine in standby pumps.
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Zhu, Xiaohong, Yingxu Huo, Andy YF Leung, Tarek Zayed i Dan Tsang. "Corrosion of pipes for conveying drinking water in Hong Kong: mechanisms and controlling strategies". HKIE Transactions 31, nr 1 (2024): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33430/v31n1thie-2022-0045.
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A drinking water distribution system (DWDS) ensures access to safe water and provides the basis for city life. However, the pipes in DWDSs are threatened by corrosion externally and internally. This paper critically reviews the mechanisms and types of corrosion in pipes for drinking water, followed by an outline of the related controlling strategies. Special focus is accorded to pipes under the soil environment near coastal areas subjected to seawater intrusion. The corrosion that happens internally (erosion-corrosion, microbially influenced corrosion, and other ions) or those that occur externally (corrosive soils, dissimilar metals, stray current, coating damage, and microbial-influenced corrosion) eventually leads to electrolytic corrosion. It is found that soft soil (partially due to seawater intrusion) is a significant threat to corrosion in DWDSs because it is corrosive and may cause external stress problems for existing DWDSs. Some suggestions and controlling strategies are proposed in the current review.
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Gong, Kaifei, Chuanbo Zheng, Dongwei Zhang, Tianyi Lv i Xiang Ju. "Study on seawater corrosion resistance of copper alloy". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2783, nr 1 (1.06.2024): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2783/1/012060.
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Abstract The Marine environment is a very complex and corrosive environment. Marine corrosion environment can be generally divided into Marine atmospheric environment and seawater environment. Because the seawater is rich in a variety of free ions mixed with corrosive media, the main component is sodium chloride, in addition to containing magnesium, potassium, iodine, bromine, and other elements of salt, which has strong corrosion to metal materials, if serious, it will cause safety accidents. Therefore, ensuring the effectiveness of the anticorrosion system is very important for the safe and reliable operation of the offshore platform. pulse plating is used and the metal nickel coating and metal nickel-chromium coating are prepared to analyze the microstructure and corrosion resistance of each film layer. From the macroscopic, it can be found that three coatings have more or less corrosion phenomenon, there is obviously no nickel-chromium and nickel layer on the surface of nickel-chromium corrosion defects, and through scanning electron microscopic observation, microscopic level nickel chromium corrosion after corrosion phenomenon is the least of three layers, which suggests that nickel chromium seawater corrosion resistance is strong. The three layers are then electrochemical corroded to study the corrosion resistance of the three layers. The results show that the corrosion resistance of the nickel-plated layer, nickel-chromium coating, and nickel-iron chromium coating prepared in the copper substrate is improved successively, which shows the influence of different membrane elements on the corrosion resistance of copper substrate against seawater medium. Although the composition parameters of the various membrane layers vary, they experience the same corrosion mechanism-pitting; Nickel chromium and chromium, iron and other atoms are present in the nickel matrix in the form of solid solution and finally form the solid solution alloy coating. For nickel-chromium coating, the content of iron and chromium in the surface layer has a certain influence on the corrosion resistance of the metal coating. The electrochemical parameters of nickel plating are studied separately, and the comparison with the nickel-chromium alloy coating and the coating is conducted. The equivalent circuit is fitted and determines the largest impedance value and the largest phase Angle among the three membrane layers, which finally has the strongest seawater corrosion resistance.
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Ismail, Azzura. "The Corrosion Attack on Stainless Steel 316L and WC-Co in High Sulphate-Chloride Ratio". Advanced Materials Research 1087 (luty 2015): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1087.410.
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Austenitic stainless steels and cermets alloy has been used extensively in many sectors due to their highly resistance to corrosion attack and excel in mechanical properties. However, in corrosive media both materials are susceptible to corrosion attack especially in seawater and high temperature. Cermet alloys are a combination of ceramic and metal. Therefore, cermets exist in high corrosion resistance in aqueous media and the corrosion rate is complex to identify. This paper presents the corrosion mechanism of 316L and cermets alloy exposed to high concentration of sulphate in the salinity of seawater. The solution (media) was prepared according to the same composition as seawater including pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen. The corrosion mechanism were characterized to breakdown potential (Eb)of 316L which are the potential once reaches a sufficiently positive value and also known as pitting potential. This is the most point where localized corrosion susceptibility to evaluate and considered a potential, which could be an appropriate point according to any given combination of material/ambient/testing methods. TheEbvalue of 316L in high sulphate are higher compared to seawater in every temperature which elucidate that some anions accelerate corrosion attack whereas some anions such as sulphate behaves as inhibiting effect to 316L.
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Zhang, Ying Zi, Ying Fang Fan, Hong Nan Li i Xue Nan Wu. "Experimental Study on Compressive Property of Concrete Corroded by Seawater in Low-Temperate". Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (sierpień 2010): 1872–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.1872.
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In order to investigate the compressive property of the concrete corroded by seawater in low-temperature, compressive tests are conducted on concrete specimen, which are corroded by accelerated corrosion method. Artificial seawater solution (Major ions concentration are five times of yellow seawater), are applied as the corrosive medium in the laboratory. Uniaxial compressive mechanical properties of the concrete tests, including 60 prism concrete specimens, are carried out. The physical and mechanical properties (including surface, mass, compressive strength, elastic modulus et al) of concrete in the different corrosion degree are researched. Taking the strength degradation ratio and elastic modulus loss as damage index, effects of the corrosion solution on the property of corroded concrete are discussed in detail. Relationships between the damage index and corrosion state of specimens are achieved.
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Zagożdżon, Paweł, i Robert Starosta. "Influence of Seawater Salinity on Corrosion of Hull Structural Steel". Journal of KONES 26, nr 2 (1.06.2019): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0049.
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Abstract Hulls of ships are often made of steel, which are produced under the supervision of classification societies. Usually, the hull steel of ordinary strength category A is used for the ship's shell (the yield strength is 235 MPa and the impact strength 27 J at 20ºC). Vessels sail in sea areas with various levels of salinity and thus with different corrosiveness. The average salinity of the seas is taken as 3.5% content of sodium chloride. This article presents the results of corrosion tests of S235 JRG1 steel in an aqueous solution in which the mass fraction of sodium chloride was: 0.7%, 1.4%, 2.2%, 2.8%, 3.5% and 4.2%. Corrosion tests were performed using the potentiodynamic method. As parameters characterizing the corrosion properties of the tested steel, the corrosion current density and corrosion potential were assumed. Statistically significant influence of seawater salinity on the corrosion properties of hull structural steel of ordinary strength of category A was found. The highest value of the corrosion current density was observed in the solution containing 3.5% NaCl mass fraction was observed. In seawater with a sodium chloride content in the range of 0.7 to 3.5%, an increase in the value of the corrosion current density was observed, along with the increasing share of NaCl. In seawater with higher salinity, the corrosion rate was reduced. The corrosion potential of S235JRG1 steel decreases with the NaCl content in the corrosive solution. The susceptibility of this material to corrosion in seawater increased.
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Rajendran, Dorothy, Thankappan Sasilatha, Doss Amala, Rajendran Santhammal, Časlav Lačnjevac i Gurmeet Singh. "Deep learning-based underwater metal object detection using input image data and corrosion protection of mild steel used in underwater study: A case study: Part B: Corrosion protection of mild steel used in underwater study". Zastita materijala 63, nr 1 (2022): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zasmat2201015r.
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Buried metal objects in seawater may undergo corrosion because of the corrosive ions such as chloride ions present in seawater. However, a paint coating may control the corrosion of the metal objects such as robots. Corrosion resistance of mild steel in 3.5 % sodium chloride solution before and after coating with Asian guard red paint has been evaluated by polarization study and AC impedance spectra. In presence of Asian guard red paint, the linear polarization resistance increases, corrosion current decreases, charge transfer resistance increases, double layer capacitance decreases and impedance value increases. That is corrosion resistance of mild steel objects in 3.5 % sodium chloride solution increases after coating with Asian guard red paint.
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AL-Amouri, Arwa, i Priy Brat Dwivedi. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ASCORBIC ACID ADDITIVE AS GREEN INHIBITOR AGAINST CORROSION OF MILD STEEL". Green Chemistry & Technology Letters 5, nr 1 (2.03.2019): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/gctl.2019.511.
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Purpose of study: The corrosion behavior of mild steel and the inhibition effect of ascorbic acid (an anti-oxidant additive) on aluminum coatings on the mild steel have been studied by weight loss technique under different corrosive medium.
Methodology: Tap water, 3% Na2CO3 solution, seawater and open-air were chosen as different corrosive medium at ambient temperature range of 35- 400C. Corrosion was recorded using the weight-loss method and the rate was calculated. Later similar mid steel samples were coated with Sodium Bicarbonate paste, aluminum paint with ascorbic acid additive, and aluminum paint without ascorbic acid additive, in similar corroding medium, and the corrosion rate was calculated using the weight-loss method.
Main Findings: Results show that the percentage of mild steel corrosion was found to be highest in the seawater and lowest in 3% Na2CO3 solution. Sodium Bicarbonate paste reduces the corrosion rate more studies on the corrosion protection was performed by coating the mild steel surface with aluminum paint along with ascorbic acid inhibitor i.e., a green corrosion inhibitor and it was found that the weight loss data is: 85.03 g from 85.05 g, 82.39 g from 82.43 g, no weight loss and 85.73 g from 85.74 g in tap water, seawater, 3% Na2CO3 solution and air medium respectively. Thus, the addition of ascorbic acid inhibitor gave the highest inhibition efficiency for aluminum paint.
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Ahmed, Muhammad, Muhammad Shahid, Zulfiqar Khan, Ameen Ammar, Abdul Saboor, Amir Khalid, Asad Hayat, Adil Saeed i Mehran Koohgilani. "Electrochemical Comparison of SAN/PANI/FLG and ZnO/GO Coated Cast Iron Subject to Corrosive Environments". Materials 11, nr 11 (11.11.2018): 2239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112239.
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ZnO/GO (Graphene Oxide) and SAN (Styrene Acrylonitrile)/PANI (Polyaniline)/FLG (Few Layers Graphene) nanocomposite coatings were produced by solution casting and sol-gel methods, respectively, to enhance corrosion resistance of ferrous based materials. Corrosive seawater and ‘produced crude oil water’ environments were selected as electrolytes for this study. Impedance and coating capacitance values obtained from Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Alternating Current (AC technique) showed enhanced corrosion resistance of nanocomposites coatings in the corrosive environments. Tafel scan Direct Current (DC technique) was used to find the corrosion rate of nanocomposite coating. SAN/PANI/FLG coating reduced the corrosion of bare metal up to 90% in seawater whereas ZnO/GO suppressed the corrosion up to 75% having the impedance value of 100 Ω. In produced water of crude oil, SAN/PANI/FLG reduced the corrosion up to 95% while ZnO/GO suppressed the corrosion up to 10%. Hybrid composites of SAN/PANI/FLG coatings have demonstrated better performances compared to ZnO/GO in the corrosive environments under investigation. This study provides fabrication of state-of-the-art novel anti corrosive nanocomposite coatings for a wide range of industrial applications. Reduced corrosion will result in increased service lifetime, durability and reliability of components and system and will in turn lead to significant cost savings.
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Sun, BaoZhuang, Wenju Liao, Zhong Li, Zhiyong Liu i Cuiwei Du. "Corrosion behavior of X65 pipeline steel in coastal areas". Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 66, nr 3 (7.05.2019): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-06-2018-1953.
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Purpose To study the corrosion behavior of pipeline steel in coastal areas, a tidal seawater macro-cell corrosion device was built using a cycle soaking tank and a macro-cell corrosion facility to simulate the corrosion behavior of pipeline steel in a simulated coastal environment (dry and wet alternations during seawater-soil corrosion macro-cell processes). Design/methodology/approach The corrosion behaviors were studied via the weight loss method, electrochemical methods and morphological observations on corrosion. Findings The results show that during the initial stage of tidal seawater/soil macro-cell corrosion process of the X65 steel, the working electrode on the seawater side is the anode of the macro-battery. As corrosion progresses, the anode and the cathode of the macro-battery become inverted. As the area ratio and the dry – wet ratio increase, the time of anode and cathode inversion shortens. Galvanic current density decreases as the dry – wet ratio increases and increases as the area ratio increases. The corrosion process of macro-cell is affected by the reversal of anode and cathode. After the reversal of anode and cathode, the corrosion rate is mainly controlled by dry – wet alternating corrosion. Originality/value The corrosion behavior of a pipeline steel in a coastal environment was studied using a tidal seawater macro-cell corrosion device. The synergism effect between the tidal seawater and seawater-soil macro-cell on corrosion behavior was clarified.
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Machuca, Laura L., Stuart I. Bailey i Rolf Gubner. "Microbial Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels for Marine Energy Installations". Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (październik 2011): 3591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3591.
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A range of stainless steels has been investigated for resistance to microbiologically influenced corrosion in seawater. The corrosion potential was monitored for stainless steel coupons exposed to sterilized seawater and to microbiologically active seawater, which showed the effect of the growth of microorganisms. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization scans confirmed that 13%Cr stainless steel is very susceptible to localized corrosion under these conditions. 316L stainless steel was also quite susceptible to localized corrosion, whereas 2205 duplex stainless displayed good resistance to localized corrosion. Naturally occurring microorganisms in the seawater were shown to exacerbate the localized corrosion.
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Cao, Angang, Bo Yin, Wei Li i Guilu Wang. "Study on Stress Corrosion Properties of 1Cr17Ni2 Stainless Steel". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (27.04.2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2435238.
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1Cr17Ni2 stainless steel is used in aviation, ships, machinery, and other fields. However, stress corrosion will lead to its strength reduction, thus failure. In this paper, we studied the stress corrosion resistance of 1Cr17Ni2 stainless steel bolts and nuts using fasteners’ stress corrosion test method and fasteners’ stress corrosion test method in a simulated environment with the accelerated stress corrosion test method of fasteners. The influence of seawater concentration, temperature, stress, test duration, and other parameters was fully considered during the test. The test results showed that 1Cr17Ni2 stainless steel would appear to stress corrosion crack under a specific corrosive environment, but the occurrence probability was not high. Therefore, in the complex seawater salt fog environment, the stress corrosion of 1Cr17Ni2 stainless steel cannot be ignored, which provides a practical reference for applying 1Cr17Ni2 stainless steel in a complex environment.
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ISTRATE, Gina Genoveva, i Alina Crina MUREȘAN. "Corrosion Behavior of Materials Al5083 Alloy, 316L Stainless Steel and A681 Carbon Steel in Seawater". Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science 44, nr 2 (15.06.2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/mms.2021.2.07.
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In this paper the corrosion behavior of different materials has been evaluated based on exposure in seawater. The laboratory immersion test technique has been applied to evaluate the effect of seawater on the corrosion behavior of different materials. In three sets of experiments, carbon steels (A681 Type O7), austenitic stainless steels (316L) and aluminium alloys (Al5083) were utilized. The specimens were fixed fully submerged in seawater. The corrosion process was evaluated using weight loss method, open-circuit potential measurements (OCP) and polarization techniques. To determine gravimetric index and the rate of penetration, samples were immersed in corrosive environment for 89 days and weighed periodically. The electrochemical experiments were conducted with a Potentiostat/Galvanostat (PGP 201) analyzer. It was connected to a PC. The Voltamaster software was used for electrochemical data analysis. A three-electrode cell composed of a specimen as a working electrode, Pt as counter electrode, and saturated calomel electrode (SCE) (Hg (l)/ Hg2Cl2 (s)) as a reference electrode were used for the tests. The weight loss tests revealed the lowest corrosion rate values for stainless steel and aluminium alloys, indicating a beneficial use for these materials in marine environments. The potentiodynamic method shows that the lowest corrosion rate in seawater (2.8 μm /year) was obtained for the Al5083 alloy, and the highest value of the corrosion rate (41.67 μm/year) for A681 carbon steel.
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Chen, Zhiwei, Wenting Xia, Caiqi Yao, Zhifeng Lin, Wei Zhang i Weihua Li. "Research on the Metal Corrosion Process in the Sea Mud/Seawater/Atmosphere Interface Zone". Coatings 10, nr 12 (14.12.2020): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121219.
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Corrosion in the interface zone is a complicated local corrosion phenomenon. The conventional single-electrode method finds it difficult to obtain the kinetic information of corrosion occurrence and development process. In this paper, metal corrosion was studied by Wire Beam Electrode (WBE) technology on the interfaces of sea mud/seawater and seawater/atmosphere. The study found that the metal corrosion in the interface is a process of coupling a dual corrosion cell into a single corrosion cell. Initially, a corrosion cell is formed with the seawater/atmosphere interface acting as the cathode and the upper part of the metal in the seawater area as the anode. This is due to the oxygen concentration cell caused by the waterline effect. The cathode area is always enriched near the seawater/atmosphere interface. The lower part of the metal in the seawater area and the metal in the sea mud area are the anode and the cathode, respectively, of another corrosion cell. Along with the immersion time, the anodic area of the first corrosion cell gradually extends to the lower part of the metal in the seawater zone and finally the sea mud zone, resulting in the disappearance of the second corrosion cell. In the single corrosion cell stage, the seawater/atmosphere interface is the cathode area; the seawater area and the sea mud area are the anode areas, and the electrode adjacent to the cathode area becomes the anode area with the largest current density. During the whole experiment, the sea mud zone is a process of polarity transition from the cathode zone to the anode zone, and finally forms the anode zone of the whole electrode together with the anode zone in the sea zone.
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Li, Ruixin, Huiming Hou, Dawei Hu i Yiquan Zou. "Effect of Concrete Micro-Mechanical Properties under the Coupled Corrosion of Sulfate and High Water Head". Energies 14, nr 16 (17.08.2021): 5039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165039.
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Large-scale water infrastructure such as immersed tunnels remain in a seawater environment for a long time, and gradually deteriorate under the action of high water head, soil pressure and corrosive ions in seawater solution. In order to simulate the corrosion damage and deterioration of concrete in seawater environment, 10% Na2SO4 solution was used to conduct indoor corrosion tests on concrete samples under different water heads and for different durations. The corrosion damage and micro-mechanical properties of concrete under the coupled action of high water head and sulfate are studied by micro-indentation tests. The effect of sulfate ion corrosion and complex mechanical loading was studied. The effect of micro-mechanical properties of concrete is studied on time and space. Numerical simulation and test results show that the results of micro-indentation are in good agreement with the fitting curves. The chemical damage rate and the corrosion depth increase with the increase of water head; the numerical simulation analysis shows that the sulfate concentration is high in the area where the mechanical damage variable is large, which indicates that the two kinds of corrosion occur in concrete and interact with each other.
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Hidayat, Hardi, Budi Setyahandana, Yohannes Sardjono i Yulwido Adi. "THE EFFECT OF BEACH ENVIRONMENT AND SEA WATER ON NICKEL CORROSION RATE AS A COLLIMATOR MATERIAL FOR THE APPLICATION OF BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY". JURNAL TEKNOLOGI REAKTOR NUKLIR TRI DASA MEGA 21, nr 3 (19.11.2019): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/tdm.2019.21.3.5587.
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The purpose of this study is to determine the value of corrosion rate influenced by coastal environment and seawater to nickel as a collimator base material for the application of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). In this research, the authors used 99.9% pure nickel as the reference material. Corrosion testing was carried out to determine the rate of corrosion of nickel as a base material for BNCT. After the specimens were formed, the test specimens were then corroded for 12 weeks, with various conditions such as indoor, outdoor environment, static seawater, and moving seawater. The results of this study indicated that in corrosion testing with indoor condition, the corrosion rate values are 0.61-1.00 mpy. For outdoor condition, the corrosion rate is 0.89-1.34 mpy. Meanwhile, at static seawater conditions, the corrosion rate is 0.97-1.24 mpy. Lastly, for moving seawater condition, the corrosion rate is 1.64-1.91 mpy. The results showed that corrosion resistance was relatively the same for all nickel exposed to corrosion in the coastal environment. Therefore, in regards to corrosion resistance, using nickel as a collimator base material for BNCT applications is considered as safe.Keywords: BNCT, Nickel, Corrosion, Coastal Environtment, Sea Water
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Liu, Guan Guo, Ai Bin Ma, Chao Ming Pang, Ping Zhang, Hong Gen Qin i Lun Wang. "Corrosion Behavior of F30S30 Concrete under Wet-Dry Cycles in Simulated Seawater with Magnesium Salt and Sulfate". Advanced Materials Research 936 (czerwiec 2014): 1366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.1366.
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In this paper, we present the corrosion behavior of F30S30 concrete used for a bridge cap which was investigated in simulated seawater with 2.0% NaCl, 0.35% MgCl2, and 0.25% Na2SO4under wetdry cycles. This behavior was compared with those in 3.5% NaCl, 5.0% Na2SO4, and 3.5% NaCl + 5% Na2SO4solutions. Results show that the change in pore structure obtained through X-ray computed tomography could reflect the amount of corrosion products and the degree of destruction. The variety and quantity of corrosion products varied with the corrosive environment. The damage mechanisms of concrete also changed according to the corrosive environment. The effects of Mg2+and SO42-were superimposed on each other for the simulated seawater environment, thereby posing a serious threat to the structure, primarily through damage and coarsening of the pore structure caused by Mg2+.
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Melchers, Robert E. "Corrosion of Steels and Irons Immersed in Natural Seawater for up to 600 Y". Corrosion 78, nr 1 (5.12.2021): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3967.
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Marine immersion corrosion observations for archaeological and other data, including from shipwrecks, wrought iron anchors, and cast iron bridge piers are used to estimate corrosion losses in natural unpolluted coastal and near-coastal seawaters for exposures up to about 600 y. Empirical functions for the development of corrosion loss with time were then developed, standardized to 20°C mean seawater temperature. The resulting slightly nonlinear corrosion loss trend, represented by a modified form of the power law, is consistent with phase 4 of the previously proposed bi-modal corrosion model. These observations support the notion that the rate of long-term corrosion is controlled by outward diffusion, through the rust layers, of gaseous hydrogen generated by the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction under predominantly anaerobic corrosion conditions. The power-law trend also provides good extrapolation from shorter-term data. For practical purposes for exposures <100 y in seawaters with a mean temperature of around 20°C, a linear model, with a longer-term corrosion rate 0.06 mm/y at 20°C, is sufficiently accurate.
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Sun, Hu Yuan, Li Juan Sun, Zeng Wen Liu i Su Lan Zhu. "A Smart Marine Corrosion Sensor Used in Marine Survey". Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (luty 2013): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.128.
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A smart marine corrosion sensor, as a ship carried equipment, was developed by the authors to measure corrosion potential and corrosion current of materials in seawater. Measuring principle and characteristics of the corrosion sensor are described in the paper. This corrosion sensor, named FS-1, developed by the authors under the aid of 863 research project, had been used to investigate the seawater’s corrosivity in the autumn open cruise, which was performed by Science I Research Vessel in November 2009.
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Kim, Min Gi, Ashish Gaur, Jin Uk Jang, Kyeong-Han Na, Won-Youl Choi i HyukSu Han. "High-Entropy Carbonates (Ni-Mn-Co-Zn-Cr-Fe) as a Promising Electrocatalyst for Alkalized Seawater Oxidation". International Journal of Energy Research 2024 (6.03.2024): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/9996841.
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Direct seawater splitting has attracted considerable attention as an alternative to conventional alkaline water electrolysis because the former avoids the use of limited freshwater resources. However, several challenges must be overcome to realize direct seawater electrolysis. Most importantly, electrocatalysts for the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) should exhibit high activity, stability, and selectivity in highly corrosive environments with abundant chloride ions. In this study, we developed high-entropy carbonate (HEC) as a promising electrocatalyst for seawater oxidation. In HECs, physicochemical interactions among different elements can effectively suppress the corrosion of OER active sites, while polyanionic CO32- can act as a corrosion-protective species by repelling negatively charged chloride ions during electrolysis. Consequently, HECs demonstrate outstanding catalytic activity, stability, and selectivity for seawater oxidation, surpassing those of ternary, quaternary, and quinary carbonates and even benchmark IrO2 catalysts.
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Mioč, Ekatarina Kristan, i Helena Otmačić Ćurković. "Corrosion Protection by Octadecylphosphonic Acid in Flow Conditions". Chemical & biochemical engineering quarterly 33, nr 3 (2019): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.15255/cabeq.2018.1572.
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The aim of this work was to examine the influence of the flow rate of corrosive media on the stability of self-assembled films of octadecylphosphonic acid on copper-nickel alloy and stainless steel. The studies were conducted in river and seawater in a laboratory scale flow system. Corrosion behaviour of protected and unprotected alloys was examined by electrochemical techniques, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and polarization measurements. The results show that octadecylphosphonic acid films can efficiently protect copper-nickel and stainless steel from corrosion in flowing natural waters. The flow of corrosive media had the highest influence on the stability of films on CuNi in seawater, while in all other studied cases, the protective properties of ODPA film changed insignificantly with the change of the flow rate.
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Miyasaka, Matsuho. "Corrosion and Corrosion Protection of Seawater Pumps". Zairyo-to-Kankyo 61, nr 12 (2012): 464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3323/jcorr.61.464.
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Zhou, Jun Long, Zhong Wen Ou, Qiao Chen i Yun Chen. "The Influence of Admixtures on the Corrosion Protection Afforded Steel Reinforcement in Seawater-and-Seasand Concrete". Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (maj 2011): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.81.
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It is inevitable for steel reinforcement to be corroded when mixed with seawater-and-seasand concrete. In order to improve steel corrosion protection properties of seawater-and-seasand concrete, reduce the chloride ion’s attack on steel reinforcement in structural concrete and lengthen the steel reinforcement’s service time, this paper presents an experimental study on whether admixtures like fly ash, slag and metakaolin in the seawater-and-seasand could retard the corrosion to steel reinforcement and provide protection to steel reinforcement in seawater-and-seasand concrete. The results indicated that metakaolin had a significant anti-corrosion effect and greatly enhanced the steel corrosion protection properties of seawater-and-seasand concrete whereas both fly ash and slag did not appear to have any obvious influence on curbing the corrosion of steel reinforcement.
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Zhou, Yu Hong, Xing Hua Guo i Xi Jiang Han. "Corrosion Inhibition of Aluminium Anode by CeCl3 in Simulated Seawater". Advanced Materials Research 281 (lipiec 2011): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.281.11.
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Corrosion of aluminium anode in the seawater will reduce the life of the aluminum-air cell. It has been recognized that addition of inhibitor into the seawater electrolyte is an effective method that may prevent the corrosion of aluminium anode.The corrosion inhibition behavior of aluminium anode after addition of CeCl3 with different concentrations in simulated seawater has been investigated in this paper. EIS results showed that there was a significant increase of corrosion resistance when the concentration of CeCl3 reached 500mg·L-1 in simulated seawater, compared to the case without inhibitor. Potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that CeCl3 was a cathodic inhibitor in simulated seawater. SEM and XPS confirmed that the cerium oxide/hydroxide were formed at micro-cathodic areas of aluminum surface,which decreased the corrosion rate of aluminium anode.
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Song, Yanyan, Hongwei Shi, Izuchukwu K. Nwokolo, Bin Wu, Shitian Gao, Huize Cheng i Jun Wang. "Influence of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria on Corrosion Behavior of EQ70 High-Strength Steel". Metals 13, nr 10 (5.10.2023): 1695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13101695.
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This work examines corrosion behavior of EQ70 high-strength steel under anaerobic conditions in artificial seawater containing sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Polarization and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) tests were conducted. The results reveal that the corrosion rate initially decreased at the beginning of immersion. However, as the immersion time progressed, the corrosion rate of the high-strength steel increased, attributed to SRB reproduction. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results demonstrate that the corrosion was more severe in artificial seawater containing SRB compared to that of seawater without SRB. The morphologies of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) demonstrate that, after 15 days of immersion, the average depth of the corrosion pits on the sample in the artificial seawater containing SRB was nearly double that of the sample in the SRB-free seawater.
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Morcillo, M., L. Espada, D. De la Fuente i B. Chico. "Metallic corrosion of the tanker ''Prestige'' in deep seawater". Revista de Metalurgia 40, nr 2 (30.04.2004): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.2004.v40.i2.252.
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Anderson-Wile, Amelia M., Bradley M. Wile, Qiang Wen i Hui Shen. "Corrosion at the Polymer-Metal Interface in Artificial Seawater Solutions". International Journal of Corrosion 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/496960.
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Polymer components for liquid sealing applications are employed in a variety of potentially corrosive environments, such as seawater. Frequently, corrosion of the metal is found at or adjacent to the rubber-metal interface rather than at a noncontact area. The corrosion of different metal alloys (titanium, bronze, nickel, aluminum, 316 stainless steel, and 4130 steel) in combination with rubber O-rings (Buna-N and EPDM) of varying internal diameters and cross-sectional shapes in seawater over a period of four years is described herein. The corrosion of some metals (i.e., 4130 stainless steel) was found to be accelerated through interaction with Buna-N rubber O-rings. Theories to account for corrosion at the polymer-metal interface, especially with respect to polymer composition and O-ring size and shape, are discussed.
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Machuca, Laura L., Stuart I. Bailey i Rolf Gubner. "Crevice Corrosion Studies on Corrosion Resistant Alloys in Stagnant Natural Seawater". Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (grudzień 2012): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.276.
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Crevice corrosion (CC) was investigated for a number of selected corrosion resistant alloys in natural seawater containing microorganisms for up to 18 months under stagnant conditions. Experimental controls consisted of tests in natural seawater filtered in accordance with hydrostatic testing procedures. The corrosion potential of alloys was monitored throughout exposure and corrosion was evaluated by weight loss and 3D optical microscopy. CC was initiated on several alloys and corrosion rates in time indicated a positive effect of seawater filtration on the long-term performance of the alloys. Microbial adhesion, as indicated by fluorescence microscopy, occurred mainly outside the crevice and differed according to the nature of the substratum surface.
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Gan, Yong X., Yizhe Chang, Chuan-Chiang Chen, Mingheng Li, Jeremy B. Gan i Joseph Li. "Seawater Corrosion of Copper and Its Alloy Coated with Hydrothermal Carbon". Coatings 12, nr 6 (8.06.2022): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12060798.
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Nonferrous materials such as copper and its alloys are sensitive to seawater corrosion. In this work, a hydrothermal carbonization coating was deposited on a C26000 brass and pure copper. The effectiveness of the coating on improving seawater corrosion performance was examined. First, hydrothermal carbonization of sugar (with 10 wt.% sucrose in water) at 200 °C and 1.35 MPa for 4 h was performed to generate the carbon-rich coating. The results of surface morphology, composition, hardness, thickness, and wettability to seawater were presented. Then, the corrosion resistance of the brass and pure copper with and without coating was evaluated by measuring the Tafel constants in seawater. Important parameters including the corrosion current, potentials of corrosion, and polarization resistance for the brass and pure copper with and without the coating were calculated from the polarization measurement data. It was found that the hydrothermal carbonization of sugar produced a relatively dense carbon-rich layer on the surface of the copper and brass specimens. This carbon layer has a thickness of 120 µm, and it is highly corrosion resistant. The corrosion current of the copper and its alloy in seawater is reduced significantly through the hydrothermal carbonization treatment. The carbonized coating reduced the corrosion current obviously, but only resulted in a small positive shift of 0.05–0.1 V in the corrosion potentials. The hydrothermally produced carbon layer is just like a passivation coating on the pure copper and copper alloy to slow down their corrosion rates in seawater.
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Li, Bao Guo, Xing Hua Tong, Yong Liu, Yan Gang Wang i Lin Sen Zhu. "Study on Corrosion Electrochemical Behavior of X42 and 16Mn Steel in Seawater". Applied Mechanics and Materials 364 (sierpień 2013): 599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.364.599.
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In order to study the corrosion characteristics of 16Mn and X42 steel in natural seawater, the indoor contrast corrosion experiments are carried out in seawater by electrochemical method. Tafel polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques are employed to investigate the corrosion electrochemical behavior of 16Mn and X42 steel, which are acquired by electrochemical workstation. The results of polarization curves and EIS reveal the respective corrosion rules of 16Mn and X42 steel in natural seawater. At last, the different influence of corrosion scale on the corrosion process of 16Mn and X42 steel is analyzed contrastively.
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Zhang, Xiaolong, Nanni Noël-Hermes, Gabriele Ferrari i Martijn Hoogeland. "Localized Corrosion of Mooring Chain Steel in Seawater". Corrosion and Materials Degradation 3, nr 1 (16.02.2022): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cmd3010004.
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Corrosion of mooring chains is regarded as one of main threats to the offshore mooring systems. Localized corrosion is even more dangerous than uniform corrosion because it may not show significant mass loss but it can cause stress concentration and initiate cracks under force, leading to accelerated degradation of mooring chains. Localized corrosion of steel in seawater is influenced by many factors such as the local heterogeneities of the steel, and the local electrochemical and microbiological environments. It is difficult to predict and the mechanism is not fully understood. The aim of this work was to study the mechanism of localized corrosion on mooring chain steel in seawater which is helpful in the search for corresponding monitoring tools and mitigation methods. The corrosion behavior of chain steel grade R4 was studied in artificial seawater and artificial seawater containing microorganisms collected from a practice field. The corrosion behavior of the steel was studied using different techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization, linear polarization resistance measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The microstructures such as inclusions and compositions of the chain steel were studied using SEM: Scanning Electron Microscope and EDS: Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. The microbial cells were observed using epi-fluorescence microscopy. The corrosion morphology and pit geometry were investigated using photo-microscopy. The localized corrosion rate has been found to be much higher than the uniform corrosion rate of the steel in the seawater in the presence of bacteria. In the case of localized corrosion, applying uniform corrosion measurement techniques and formulas is not considered representative. The representative areas have to be introduced to match physical results with the measurements. Inclusions, such as MnS and TiVCr found in the steel have a critical influence on localized corrosion. The corrosion mechanism of the steel in seawater is discussed.
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Xing, Qing, Lin Fan, Wei Min Guo, Xiang Xi Chen, Li Hua Gong i Chao Yang. "Galvanic Corrosion of 70-30 Copper-Nickel Alloy in Contact with Nickel-Aluminum Bronze in Simulated Deep Sea Environment". Advanced Materials Research 1095 (marzec 2015): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.124.
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The galvanic corrosion behavior of 70-30 copper-nickel alloy as a brand new seawater pipe material and nickel-aluminum bronze as the commonly used pipe valve material in simulated low temperature conditions of deep sea was studied. The galvanic corrosion potential and galvanic current density of the pair were monitored, and the galvanic corrosion tendency and effect at different temperature were evaluated. Combined with the electrochemical measurements, the influence of seawater temperature on galvanic corrosion behavior was also discussed. The results showed that as the result of coupling, 70-30 copper-nickel alloy acting as the coupled cathode was prevented from corrosion, while nickel-aluminum bronze became the sacrificial anode. With the decrease of seawater temperature, the galvanic corrosion tendency and galvanic corrosion rate of the pair decreased. The change in galvanic corrosion tendency with seawater temperature was attributed to the different electrochemical properties induced by the inherent difference in chemical compositions of the alloys. The low galvanic corrosion rate and effect were related to the reduced mass transfer rates at low temperature. Moreover, the electrochemical behavior of the copper alloys was much sensitive to the change in the amount of dissolved oxygen at the lower seawater temperature, especially for the alloy with higher passivation ability, i.e., 70-30 copper-nickel alloy.
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Ismail, A. "Corrosion Behavior of WC-Co in High Sulphate Content". Advanced Materials Research 911 (marzec 2014): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.911.82.
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Cermet alloys are a combination of ceramic and metal. Therefore, cermets exist in high corrosion resistance in aqueous media. However, because of the nature of cermet alloys, which have a metal and ceramic composition, the corrosion rate is complex to identify. The corrosion attack could be assessed by calculating the corrosion rate or through electrochemistry evaluation. Generally, the corrosiveness of media increased as the anions contents increased. This paper presents the corrosion mechanism of cobalt tungsten-carbide (WC-Co) exposed to a high concentration of sulphate in the salinity of seawater. The solution (media) was prepared according to the same composition as seawater including pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen. The corrosion rate was then identified and the corrosion mechanism revealed. The corrosion rate was identified at 4°C, 20°C, 50°C and 80°C and compared with the corrosion rate of WC-Co in seawater. The results revealed that sulphate has an inhibiting effect that minimises the corrosion attack on WC-Co. The corrosion rate decreased as the sulphate content in seawater increased, and an increase in the temperature increased the corrosion attack on WC-Co.
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Nurhikmah, Nurhikmah, i Minarni R. Jura. "Concentration Effect of Watermelon Skin Extracts (Albedo) as Organic Inhibitors on the Corrosion of Iron Nails in 3% NaCl Medium Solution". Jurnal Akademika Kimia 10, nr 3 (30.08.2021): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2021.v10.i3.pp153-158.
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This study aimed to determine the concentration effect of skin extract in watermelon on the inhibition of corrosion rates of iron nails in the corrosive medium of NaCl solution and seawater as a comparison. The study began with the first maceration of the skin in watermelon and then followed by evaporation to produce extracts specific gravity 0,097 gram/mL as inhibitors with variations in concentrations of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16%. The method of determining the corrosion rate used was the weight loss method from the 7-day immersion process. The results showed that the greatest corrosion inhibition efficiency occurred at a concentration of 8% for immersion with 3% NaCl corrosive medium and 4% concentration for immersion in seawater with the efficiency of 11.56% and 22.15%, respectively. Based on the results of the study, it was found that each addition of extract in watermelon can affect the effectiveness of inhibition.
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Zhao, Zexu, Guoyun Luo, Manping Cheng i Lijun Song. "Water-Repellent Coatings on Corrosion Resistance by Femtosecond Laser Processing". Coatings 12, nr 11 (13.11.2022): 1736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111736.
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Metal corrosion causes huge economic losses and major disasters every year. Inspired by the lotus leaf and nepenthes pitcher, the superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS) and the slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) were produced as a potential strategy to prevent metal corrosion. However, how to prepare stable water-repellent coatings that can prevent the intrusion of corrosive ions remains to investigate. In this work, we first fabricated a micro/nano hierarchical structure on the aluminum surface by femtosecond laser processing. Then, the SHS was prepared on the above structure by fluorosilane modification. Finally, the SLIPS was fabricated on the SHS by coating lubricant. The morphology and wettability of the fabricated samples were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance properties of SHS and SLIPS in simulated seawater were characterized by electrochemical measurements. From the comparison of the electrochemical parameters of different immersion times, both water-repellent coatings are effective in protecting the aluminum alloy from corrosion in simulated seawater due to reduced contact area between the metal substrate and corrosive solution. In comparison with the SHS, the SLIPS has a corrosion inhibition efficiency of up to 99.95% and it maintains long-term stability in the corrosive solution. This work also provides a promising method for the water-repellent coatings by femtosecond laser processing for metal corrosion prevention in practical industrial applications.
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Liu, Yong, Xing Hua Tong, Bao Guo Li, Yan Gang Wang i Lin Sen Zhu. "Corrosion Characteristics of 16Mn and Q235B Steel in Natural Seawater". Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (listopad 2012): 1046–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.1046.
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In order to study the corrosion characteristics of 16Mn and Q235B steel in natural seawater, the indoor contrast corrosion experiments are carried out in seawater by electrochemical method. Tafel polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques are employed to investigate the corrosion electrochemical behavior of 16Mn and Q235B steel, which are acquired by electrochemical workstation. The results of polarization curves and EIS reveal the respective corrosion rules of 16Mn and Q235B steel in natural seawater. At last, the different influence of rust layer on the corrosion process of 16Mn and Q235B steel is analyzed contrastively.
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Pei, Qiang, Bangwen Cai, Zhicheng Xue, Yu Ding, Di Cui i Yun Guo. "Study on mechanical properties of corroded concrete columns strengthened with SMA wires". PLOS ONE 18, nr 2 (6.02.2023): e0276280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276280.
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Ocean crossing bridges suffer from seawater corrosion all year round and their mechanical properties will be substantially diminished. In order to enhance the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete columns corroded by seawater, SMA wire is used to restrain the reinforced concrete columns corroded by seawater to study their mechanical properties. 14 specimens were produced through the test, and the natural seawater corrosion was simulated by preparing a certain concentration of synthetic seawater. The mechanical properties of SMA strengthened specimens and unreinforced specimens are compared and analyzed, including failure mode, hysteresis curve, bearing capacity, ductility, stiffness and energy dissipation; the effects of different synthetic seawater corrosion concentrations on the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete columns are discussed. The results show that the bearing capacity and stiffness of reinforced concrete columns subjected to synthetic seawater corrosion are substantially diminished than those of uncorroded specimens, and the bearing capacity of specimens decreases more with the increase of synthetic seawater corrosion concentration; synthetic seawater corrosion has obscure effect on the ductility and energy dissipation performance of the specimens. The mechanical properties of the corroded specimens strengthened with SMA wire have been substantially enhanced, particularly the energy dissipation performance and bearing capacity have been notably enhanced, and the ductility and stiffness have also been somewhat enhanced. At the same time, based on the test, the finite element model is created according to the test specimen, while the accuracy of the model is verified, and the effects of the spacing and diameter of SMA wire, the strength of concrete and the thickness of protective layer on the mechanical properties of the specimen are analyzed.
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Al’khimenko, A. A., A. D. Davydov, A. A. Khar’kov, S. Yu Mushnikova, O. A. Khar’kov, O. N. Parmenova i A. A. Yakovitskii. "Methods of сorrosion testing used for development and commercial exploitation of new shipbuilding steels and alloys. Part I. Laboratory corrosion tests". Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 65, nr 1 (12.02.2022): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2022-1-48-56.
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Shipbuilding steels and alloys may be subjected to various types of corrosion damage when exposed to sea water. For reliable long-term operation of ships and marine structures, despite the use of corrosion protection, materials are chosen that, in addition to the required mechanical properties, have sufficient corrosion resistance to ensure a given service life. Evaluation of corrosion resistance of new materials for use in shipbuilding was made by carrying out mandatory delivery trials using methods that have been repeatedly tested experimentally and whose results have been confirmed in practice. The complex study of corrosion resistance of steels and alloys is based on step-by-step laboratory, bench, and field tests. The review provides a brief description of laboratory corrosion test methods that are part of mandatory delivery trials. Parameters determining the aggressiveness of seawater as a corrosive medium, including salinity, oxygen content are considered. Laboratory test methods include electrochemical studies with determination of potential and rate of corrosion, pitting potential on the basis of polarization curves construction, as well as the generally accepted gravimetric method of corrosion rate determination. Installations for testing in moving (with varying flow rate) seawater are given.
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Zeng, Xian, Xiangxiang Chen, Yongjun Wang, Hao Zhang, Qian Cao i Xudong Cheng. "Corrosion Behavior of Al2O3-40TiO2 Coating Deposited on 20MnNiMo Steel via Atmospheric Plasma Spraying in Hydrogen Sulfide Seawater Stress Environments". Coatings 14, nr 5 (8.05.2024): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050588.
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In this study, an Al2O3-40TiO2 coating was deposited on 20MnNiMo steel via atmospheric plasma spraying. The corrosion behavior of the coating was investigated in both artificial seawater and a simulated environment with hydrogen sulfide and high pressure. Additionally, ion dissolution experiments were conducted to evaluate the coating’s bio-friendliness. In artificial seawater, the corrosion rate (based on the corrosion current) of the Al2O3-40TiO2 coating initially decreased before increasing. It was speculated that the blocking of corrosion products in the defect channels was helpful in delaying the progress of corrosion in the early stage. The coating had a corrosion current on the order of 10−6 A/cm2 in artificial seawater, suggesting good protection in conventional seawater environments. In the simulated environment, the corrosion rate (based on the weight loss) of the Al2O3-40TiO2 coating showed a continuously declining trend. It was deduced that, unlike corrosion products in artificial seawater, the corrosion products in the simulated environment (e.g., metal sulfide) might be more chemically stable, leading to a longer blocking effect. Therefore, a minimal corrosion rate of 0.0030 mm/a was obtained after the coating was immersed for 30 days. The amount of dissolved coated elements was negligible and there were only small amounts of dissolved non-coated elements such as Ni and Mo. The developed coating can be considered to be highly biofriendly if the non-coated area of the specimen is well sealed.
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Hu, Chun Yong, Sheng Wei Kou i Jing Jing Guo. "The Application Research of Ship Metal Corrosion in Marine Environment". Advanced Materials Research 936 (czerwiec 2014): 1091–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.1091.
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In this paper, we state the corrosion mechanism of carbon steel, copper, aluminum and other non-ferrous metal in the seawater; analyze the types and mechanism of corrosion inhibitors. By experiments, we have a good knowledge of the function of corrosion inhibitors to metal in the seawater. We also analyze the application prospects of corrosion inhibitors application to metallic corrosion inhibition in ocean environment.
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Demirci, İbrahim, i Ahmet Avcı. "Effects of seawater corrosion environment on the impact behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotube and SiO2 reinforced basalt/epoxy hybrid nanocomposites". Journal of Composite Materials 56, nr 4 (14.12.2021): 627–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219983211060466.
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In this study, the impact behaviors of nano silica (SiO2 nanoparticles), MWCNTs (multi-walled carbon nanotube), and SiO2+MWCNTs (nano silica vs multi-walled carbon nanotube hybrid) nanoparticle additives in basalt fiber reinforced composites exposed to seawater corrosion were investigated. The Mediterranean was chosen as the corrosive sea water due to its high salinity. Basalt fiber reinforced composites immersed in seawater have quick mass absorption during the first 30 days. However, it can also vary between the first 28 and 40 days depending on the structure of the composite and environmental conditions. Immersion times were determined as 0, 10, 20, and 40 days. Tensile and low velocity impact tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical performance after seawater corrosion. Low velocity impact tests were carried out at 10 and 20 J energy levels. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of corrosion caused by quick mass absorption on the tensile and impact behaviors of basalt fiber reinforced composites. And also to investigate the contribution of SiO2 and MWCNT nanoparticle additives to the mass absorption mechanism and mechanical performance of basalt fiber reinforced composites. SiO2 and MWCNT nanoparticle additives increased the tensile and impact strength of basalt fiber reinforced composites. However, the tensile and impact behaviors of nanoparticle filled and nanoparticles unfilled basalt fiber reinforced composites were adversely affected by the seawater corrosion environment. Due to the geometric structure of SiO2 nanoparticles, the best mechanical performance was observed in SiO2 filled basalt fiber reinforced composites.