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Nugraha, Aditya Hikmat, Ilham Antariksa Tasabaramo, Udhi E. Hernawan, Susi Rahmawati, Risandi Dwirama Putra i Fadhliyah Idris. "Estimasi Stok Karbon Padaekosistem Lamun Di Perairan Utara Papua (Studi Kasus : Pulau Liki, Pulau Befondi Dan Pulau Meossu)". Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 23, nr 3 (14.11.2020): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v23i3.7939.
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One of the ecological functions of the seagrass ecosystem is the ability to absorb carbon coming from the atmosphere. The ability of seagrass to absorb carbon is carried out through photosynthesis. The absorbed carbon will then be stored in the form of seagrass biomass in the seagrass body. This study aims to estimate the carbon stock content stored in seagrass ecosystems in the Northern waters of Papua including on Liki Island, Befondi Island, and Meossu Island. The calculation of carbon stock is done by converting seagrass biomass using constants derived from representative values of seagrass carbon content in Indonesian waters. In general, based on the results obtained indicate that the biomass at the bellow ground of the seagrass is greater than the biomass at above ground the seagrass. The value of organic carbon content in seagrasses is influenced by seagrass biomass. The carbon stock content in the seagrass ecosystem in the study area is in the range of 18,04 – 419,46 g C / m2. Stations on Liki Island have generally higher carbon stocks compared to stations on other islands.Salah satu fungsi ekologi dari ekosistem lamun yaitu memiliki kemampuan dalam menyerap karbon yang berasal dari atmosfer. Kemampuan lamun dalam menyerap karbon dilakukan melalui proses fotosintesis. Karbon yang terserap selanjutnya akan disimpan dalam bentuk biomassa lamun pada tubuh lamun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi kandungan stok karbon yang tersimpan pada ekosistem lamun di Perairan Utara Papua tepatnya di Pulau Liki, Pulau Befondi dan Pulau Meossu. Perhitungan stok karbon dilakukan dengan melakukan konversi biomassa lamun menggunakan konstanta yang berasal dari nilai representatif konsentrasi kandungan karbon pada lamun yang berada di Perairan Indonesia. Secara umum berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa biomassa pada bagian bawah lamun lebih besar dibandingkan dengan biomassa pada bagian atas lamun. Nilai kandungan karbon organik pada lamun dipengaruhi oleh biomassa lamun. Kandungan stok karbon pada ekosistem lamun di wilayah penelitian berada pada kisaran 18,04 – 419,46 gC/m2. Stasiun yang berada di Pulau Liki memiliki stok karbon yang umumnya lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan stasiun yang berada di pulau lainnya.
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Budiarto, Muhammad Al Rizky Ratno, Johan Iskandar i Tri Dewi Kusumaningrum Pribadi. "Cadangan Karbon pada Ekosistem Padang Lamun di Siantan Tengah Taman Wisata Perairan Kepulauan Anambas". Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 24, nr 1 (2.12.2020): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v24i1.9348.
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Secara global, ekosistem lamun dianggap sebagai penyerap karbon sehingga dapat berkontribusi terhadap mitigasi perubahan iklim. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis, biomassa dan cadangan karbon pada komunitas padang lamun di perairan Siantan Tengah Taman Wisata Perairan (TWP) Kepulauan Anambas. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2019 s.d Januari 2020. Uji kandungan karbon dilakukan dengan metode Welkley and Black sedangkan untuk mendapatkan biomassa menggunakan metode gravimetrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga jenis lamun, yaitu Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, dan Cymodocea rotundata. Nilai biomassa lamun berkisar antara 171,89 – 275,68 gbk/m2 dan nilai cadangan karbon berada pada kisaran 51,89 – 80,66 gC/m2. Padang lamun di Siantan Tengah memiliki luas 130,45 ha, sehingga total Cadangan karbon pada ekosistem padang lamun di perairan Siantan Tengah diperkirakan 95,88 ton C. Penelitian ini membuktikan adanya kandungan karbon pada biomassa lamun sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa padang lamun berperan sebagai penyerap karbon (carbon sink). Globally, seagrass ecosystems are considered as carbon sink so that it can contribute to climate change mitigation. This research aims to determine the species composition, biomass, and carbon stock in seagrass communities in Siantan Tengah Marine Tourism Park of Anambas Islands. The research was conducted in Agustus 2019 – January 2020. The carbon content test was carried out by the Walkley and Black method while to obtain biomass using the gravimetric method. The result od study showed that there are three species of seagrasses, namely Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, and Cymodocea rotundata. Seagrass biomass value range 171,89 – 275,68 gbk/m2 and seagrass carbon stock value range 51,89 – 80,66 gC/m2. The area of seagrass beds in Central Siantan is 130,45 ha so that the total carbon stock estimated reach 95,88 tons C. This research proves the presence of carbon in the biomass of seagrass beds, so it can be concluded that seagrass beds act as carbon sinks.
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Ierodiaconou, Daniel A., i Laurie J. B. Laurenson. "Estimates of Heterozostera tasmanica, Zostera muelleri and Ruppia megacarpa distribution and biomass in the Hopkins Estuary, western Victoria, by GIS". Australian Journal of Botany 50, nr 2 (2002): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt00093.
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Knowledge of the spatial arrangement of the seagrass distribution and biomass within the Hopkins Estuary is an essential step towards gaining an understanding of the functioning of the estuarine ecosystem. This study marks the first attempt to map seagrass distribution and model seagrass biomass and epiphyte biomass along depth gradients by the use of global positioning system (GPS) and geographical information system (GIS) technologies in the estuary. For mapping seagrass in small estuaries, ground-surveying the entire system is feasible. Three species of seagrasses, Heterozostera tasmanica (Martens ex Aschers), Zostera muelleri (Irmisch ex Aschers) and Ruppia megacarpa (Mason), were identified in the Hopkins Estuary. All beds investigated contained a mixed species relationship. Three harvest techniques were trialed in a pilot study, with the 25 × 25-cm quadrat statistically most appropriate. Biomass of seagrasses and epiphytes was found to vary significantly with depth, but not between sites. The average estimate of biomass for total seagrasses and their epiphytes in the estuary in January 2000 was 222.7 g m–2 (dry weight). Of the total biomass, 50.6% or 112.7 g m–2 (dry weight) was contributed by seagrasses and 49.4% of the biomass (110.0 g m–2) were epiphytes. Of the 50.6% of the total biomass represented by seagrasses, 39.3% (87.5 g m–2) were leaves and 11.3% (25.2 g m–2) were rhizomes. The total area of seagrasses present in the Hopkins Estuary was estimated to be 0.4 ± 0.005 km2, with the total area of the estuary estimated to be 1.6 ± 0.02 km2 (25% cover). The total standing crop of seagrasses and epiphytes in the Hopkins Estuary in January 2000 was estimated to be 102.3 ± 57 t in dry weight, 56% (56.9 ± 17 t, dry weight) seagrasses and 44% (45.4 ± 19 t, dry weight) epiphytes. Of the seagrass biomass, 39% (39.7 ± 13 t, dry weight) was contributed by leaves and 17% (17.3 ± 7 t, dry weight) by rhizomes.
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Khalifa, Muta Ali, Ani Rahmawati, Forcep Rio Indaryanto, Luky Adrianto, Syamsul Bahri Agus, Fery Kurniawan, Aldi Agus Setiawan, Desy Aryani i Agustin Rustam. "The Impact of Tsunami on Seagrass Ecosystem in Tanjung Lesung, Banten, Indonesia". Omni-Akuatika 16, nr 3 (30.12.2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.oa.2020.16.3.859.
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The Sunda Strait Tsunami (end of 2018) has an impact on the seagrass ecosystem in Tanjung Lesung. This paper described the seagrass ecosystem’s changes after the tsunami disaster. Sentinel-2 satellite image processing in 2018 and 2019 was used to see changes in the seagrass area. The field data were collected from May–July 2019, including the types of seagrass ecosystems based on data seagrass existence, density and biomass. Then, the seagrass sample was analyzed biomass after the tsunami disaster. The results showed that the data from 2018 – 2019 showed decreased seagrass area from 105.86 to 77.07 ha. Seagrass density dropped quite dramatically, and the species of Halodule uninervis was no longer found. The ratio of after tsunami BG/AbG dry biomass has doubled compared to before the tsunami, which indicates the seagrass's lower biomass is higher than the upper part allegedly due to tsunami impacts. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the seagrass ecosystems changed and disrupted by the tsunami. Keywords: Seagrass, Tanjung Lesung, Tsunami, Sentinel-2
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Rein, Thu. "Seagrass surveys in Shwe Thaung Yan coastal areas, the southern part of Rakhine Coastal Region, Myanmar: biodiversity, coverage and biomass". Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology 8, nr 3 (2019): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jamb.2019.08.00248.
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Studies on percent cover and biomass of seagrasses from Shwe Thaung Yan coastal areas (Inn Din Gyi, Kyauk Nagar and Phoe Htaung Gyaing), the Southern parts of Rakhine Coastal Region, were carried out between March and August, 2018. A total of 8 species of seagrasses, namely Syringodiumisoetifolium (Ascherson) Danty, Halodulepinifolia (Miki) den Hartog, Haloduleuninervis (Forsskal) Ascherson, Cymodocearotundata Ehrenberg et Hemprich ex Ascherson, C. serrulata (R. Brown) Ascherson et Magnus, Thalassiahemprichii(Ehrenberg) Ascherson, Halophila major (Zoll.) Miquel and Enhalusacoroides (Linnaeus f.) Royle, were recorded in three study sites. Seagrass meadow in this study showed seasonal variations in both percent cover and biomass. Total seagrass coverage and biomass were higher in the dry season than in the monsoon season. Total seagrass coverage ranged between 8% and 75% in Phoe Htaung Gyaing, between 10% and 42% in Kyauk Nagar, and between 15% and 43% in Inn Din Gyi. Total seagrass mean biomass was 50.2413-259.846gdry.wtm-2 in Phoe Htaung Gyaing, 63.0194 -321.535gdry.wtm-2 in Kyauk Nagar, and 98.6819-416.237gdry.wtm-2 in Inn Din Gyi.
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Baba, Idris, Ferdinand Frans Tilaar i Victor Naser Watung. "Struktur Komunitas dan Biomassa Rumput Laut (Seagrass) di Perairan Desa Tumbak Kecamatan Pusomaen". JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX 1, nr 1 (25.10.2012): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.1.1.2012.494.
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STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS DAN BIOMASSA RUMPUT LAUT (SEAGRASS) DI PERAIRAN DESA TUMBAK KECAMATAN PUSOMAEN1 Idris Baba2, Ferdinand F Tilaar3, Victor NR Watung3 ABSTRACT Seagrass community structure is the basic data of seagrass ecosystems needs to know. Research community structure and biomass of seagrass was conducted in the waters of the Tumbak village, district of Pusomaen Southeast Minahasa North Sulawesi, in June 2012. This study aims to determine the community structure and biomass of seagrass through a review of the species density, species diversity, and evenness of species in the waters. Found seven species of seagrass that is Cymodoceae rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Halophila ovalis, Halophila minor, Enhalus acoroides, Thalasia hemprichii and Syringodium isoetifolium. Keywords : seagrass, community structure, biomass ABSTRAK Struktur komunitas rumput laut merupakan data dasar dari ekosistem rumput laut yang perlu di ketahui. Penelitian struktur komunitas dan biomassa rumput laut (seagrass) ini dilakukan di perairan Desa Tumbak Kecamatan Pusomaen Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara Sulawesi Utara, pada bulan juni 2012. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas dan biomassa rumput laut (seagrass) melalui penelahaan kepadatan spesies, keanekaragaman spesies, dan kemerataan spesies. Ditemukan tujuh spesies rumput laut yaitu Cymodoceae rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Halophila ovalis, Halophila minor, Enhalus acoroides, Thalasia hemprichii dan Syringodium isoetifolium. Kata kunci : rumput laut, struktur komunitas, biomassa
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Hartoko, Agus, Yoan Teresia Sembiring i Nurul Latifah. "Seagrass Cholorophyll-a, Biomass and Carbon Algorithms Based on the Field and Sentinel-2A Satellite Data at Karimunjawa Island, Indonesia". Science and Technology Indonesia 6, nr 3 (22.07.2021): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/sti.2021.6.3.121-130.
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Chlorophyll-a in seagrass biomass is functioned for the photosynthetic process and store the organic carbon in their biomass of the leaf, rhizome, and root. Ecologically has functioned as blue carbon in reducing global warming adaptation and mitigation strategy. The study aimed to explore seagrass species, chlorophyll-a content, biomass and carbon stock at Karimunjawa Island. Develop algorithms of the Sentinel-2A satellite data based on field seagrass chlorophyll-a, biomass and carbon and at Pokemon and Bobby beach Karimunjawa Island. Four species of seagrass found at Bobby and Pokemon beach are Holodule pinifolia with a density of 160.44 ind.m−2 , Enhalus acoroides with 26.22 ind.m−2, Halophila ovalis with 6.67 ind.m−2 and Thalassia hemprichii with 4.44 ind.m−2.The lowest seagrass chlorophyll-a is 5.854 mg.ml−1 found in H. pinifolia and the highest is 20.819 mg.ml−1found in E. acoroides at Pokemon beach. The range of seagrass chlorophyll-a at Bobby beach was 3.485 - 14.133 mg.ml−1 in T. hemprichii. The smallest individual biomass dry weight was found in T.hempirichii with 1.32 g.dry.weight per individu, and the biggest in E.acoroides with 6.98 g.dry.weight per individu. The highest seagrass biomass at Pokemon beach was in E. acoroides with 236.93 g.m−2 which has a wide leaf morphology and the lowest in H. pinifolia with 75.91 g.m−2 with the smallest leaf morphology. The range of seagrass biomass at Bobby beach is 97.62 - 264.48 g.m−2 which is dominated by T.hempirichii. The range of seagrass carbon was 109.63 - 136.82 gC.m−2at Pokemon beach, and in the range of 95.00 - 114.01 gC.m−2 at Bobby beach. Algorithm of seagrass chlorophyll-a = -36.308 (B3/B4)2 – 140.41(B3/B4) + 83.912 ; biomass = -7028.3 (B3/B4)2 + 14948 (B3/B4) – 7764.4; carbon = -17.529(B2/B3)2 + 143.82(B2/B3) – 5.3362 for Pokemon beach. Algorithm of chlorophyll-a = 455.02 (B2/B4)2 + 823.72 (B2/B4) + 375.48; biomass = -14699 (B3/B2)2 + 28395(B3/B2) – 13537; and carbon = - 0.001(B3/B4)2+ 0.209(B3/B4) - 10.203 for Bobby beach. The use of Band-2 (0.490 ????m), Band-3 (0.560 ????m) and Band-4 (0.665 ????m) Sentinel-2A satellite data in the development of seagras chlorophyll-a, biomass and carbon algorithm was found to be significant.
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Tanaya, Toko, Kenta Watanabe, Shoji Yamamoto, Chuki Hongo, Hajime Kayanne i Tomohiro Kuwae. "Contributions of the direct supply of belowground seagrass detritus and trapping of suspended organic matter to the sedimentary organic carbon stock in seagrass meadows". Biogeosciences 15, nr 13 (3.07.2018): 4033–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4033-2018.
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Abstract. Carbon captured by marine living organisms is called “blue carbon”, and seagrass meadows are a dominant blue carbon sink. However, our knowledge of how seagrass increases sedimentary organic carbon (OC) stocks is limited. We investigated two pathways of OC accumulation: trapping of organic matter in the water column and the direct supply of belowground seagrass detritus. We developed a new type of box corer to facilitate the retrieval of intact cores that preserve the structures of both sediments (including coarse sediments and dead plant structures) and live seagrasses. We measured seagrass density, total OC mass (OCtotal) (live seagrass OC biomass (OCbio) + sedimentary OC mass (OCsed)), and the stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) of OCsed and its potential OC sources at Thalassia hemprichii dominated back-reef and Enhalus acoroides dominated estuarine sites in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. At points with vegetation, OCbio accounted for 25 % and OCsed for 75 % of OCtotal; this contribution of OCbio to OCtotal is higher than in globally compiled data. Belowground detritus accounted for ∼ 90 % of the OC mass of dead plant structures (> 2 mm in size) (OCdead). At the back-reef site, belowground seagrass biomass, OCdead, and δ13C of OCsed (δ13Csed) were positively correlated with OCsed, indicating that the direct supply of belowground seagrass detritus is a major mechanism of OCsed accumulation. At the estuarine site, aboveground seagrass biomass was positively correlated with OCsed but δ13Csed did not correlate with OCsed, indicating that trapping of suspended OC by seagrass leaves is a major mechanism of OCsed accumulation there. We inferred that the relative importance of these two pathways may depend on the supply (productivity) of belowground biomass. Our results indicate that belowground biomass productivity of seagrass meadows, in addition to their aboveground morphological complexity, is an important factor controlling their OC stock. Consideration of this factor will improve global blue carbon estimates.
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Az zahra, Firda, Chairul Chairul i Indra Junaidi Zakaria. "Carbon Stock Of Seagrass In Karang Tirta’s Coastal Area, Padang". Bioscience 4, nr 1 (31.03.2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/0202041108201-0-00.
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The seagrass beds are the spawning, nursery, and the feeding ground for some oceanic biota. It’s also can trapped the sediment and stabilized the substrate so the waters looks clear. Beside those abilities, seagrasses are also can store the carbon. The research was conducted in karang tirta’s coastal area, padang city to analyze the carbon stock of seagrass that stored within their biomass. The biomass was analyzed by harvesting the seagrass at transect 25x25cm, while the carbon stock was analyzed by using walkley & black method. Seagrass beds in karang tirta’s coastal has 14,1 ha (142.546,36 m2) distribution area and it’s stored 18,05 tons of carbon. based on these result the seagrass beds in karang tirta’s coastal area has stored 1,2 tons C/ha. the highest carbon stock has found in the below ground, especially in their rhizomes.
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Dewi, Citra Satrya Utama, Rarasrum Dyah Kasitowati, Syarifah Hikmah Julinda Sari, Ade Yamindago, Amelia Rohenda i Riska Fatmawati. "GROWTH, BIOMASS AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUND OF SEAGRASS (CASE STUDY: MALANG REGENCY COASTAL)". Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis 12, nr 3 (31.12.2020): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v12i3.32228.
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Seagrass known as Lamun in Bahasa is one of the species that are can live in submerged marine habitats. Seagrasses have an important role in the ecosystems, including as primary producers, living habitats of benthic organisms, stabilize bed sediments and carbon storage in shallow-water coastal. Monospecies community of seagrass was found in Malang, however, only limited number studies of seagrass have been done in the area. This study aimed to determine the growth rate and biomass of the seagrass, as well as the phytochemical compounds. Experiments were conducted during August-November in 2014 and 2015. Measurement of in situ growth and biomass leaf were made using marking techniques in one week also the data of leaf seagrass collected were using a random sampling method. Extracted materials were tested by methanol to get the phytochemical compound. Data were analyzed at the Fisheries and Marine Exploration Laboratory, FPIK-UB. The results of the present study showed that two species of seagrass, Syringodium isoetifolium at Kondang Merak and Thalassia hemprichii at Bale Kambang. The growth rate of the seagrass leaves of the former species had positive values with 0.45±0.19 cm/day, hile the later species had 0.25±0.14 cm/day. Furthermore, the biomass value of the two types seagrass obtained that in the below-ground was higher than the above-ground. Phytochemical tests showed that both of type seagrass contained bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and saponins.
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Mallombasi, Andi, Supriadi Mashoreng i Yayu A. La Nafie. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEAGRASS Thalassia hemprichii PERCENTAGE COVER AND THEIR BIOMASS". Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan SPERMONDE 6, nr 1 (31.03.2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jiks.v6i1.9922.
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Seagrass has many functions and values, including as carbon sink. However, to estimate carbon in seagrass, it involves seagrass biomass harvesting which is laborious, costly, and destructive. This study aimed to find out the relationship between seagrass Thalassia hemprichii percent cover with their biomass which will provide alternative method for biomass estimation leading to an efficient, less cost and less destructive method for seagrass carbon stock estimation. Seagrass were sampled in Bonebatang island, South Sulawesi, and estimated their percent cover following SeagrassWatch Method from different seagrass condition and sediment type, as well as harvested for their biomass. In the lab, seagrass biomass was dried. Data was analyzed by using simple regression analysis. Results showed that there is a relatively strong relationship between percent cover and the belowground, aboveground and total biomass (R2 = 0.70; 0,81 and 8,3, respectively). Seagrass percent cover (seagrass health status, i.e. healthy, moderate and poor) also resulted a relatively strong influence on total seagrass biomass (R2>50%). However, apart from segarss percent cover, some other parameters are needed to be taken into consideration, such as seagrass densities and seagrass morphologies
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Wismar, Jan Ericson, Wilis Ari Setyati i Ita Riniatsih. "Potensi Penyimpanan Karbon Pada Vegetasi Padang Lamun di Perairan Pulau Besar Utara, Sikka, Maumere, Nusa Tenggara Timur". Buletin Oseanografi Marina 10, nr 1 (19.01.2021): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v10i1.27223.
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Konsep blue carbon adalah salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi emisi gas karbon pemicu pemanasan global dengan cara memanfaatkan vegetasi pesisir sebagai penyerap karbon. Ekosistem lamun merupakan salah satu ekosistem pesisir yang dapat menyerap karbon dalam jumlah besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi lamun dan kandungan karbon pada lamun di Perairan Pulau Besar Utara, Maumere, Sikka. Pengamatan lamun menggunakan transek kuadrat 50x50cm menurut panduan LIPI. Sampling lamun dilakukan acak menggunakan seagrass core berdiameter 15 cm di setiap lokasi. Perhitungan kandungan karbon menggunakan metode Loss On Ignition (LOI) yang kemudian dikonversikan dengan nilai biomassa pada setiap titiknya. Jenis lamun yang ditemukan sebanyak 4 spesies yaitu Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii,, Cymodocea rotundata,dan Syringodium isoetifolium. Lokasi pengamatan memiliki tutupan lamun sangat padat. Nilai biomassa dibawah dan diatas substrat pada lokasi pengamatan didapat nilai 424,60 gbk/m2 dan 79,67 gbk/m2. Total kandungan karbon pada lokasi pengamatan adalah 41,95 gC/m2. Kandungan karbon terbesar disimpan pada jaringan lamun (akar dan rhizoma) dengan spesies E. acoroides sebagai penyumbang nilai biomassa dan kandungan karbon tertinggi. Lokasi perairan Pulau Besar Utara, Maumere memiliki kondisi perairan yang baik dengan kerapatan lamun yang tinggi, secara umum kandungan karbon yang terdapat pada perairan tersebut memiliki kandungan yang tinggi. Kondisi lamun yang baik akan memiliki simpanan karbon yang baik dan hal ini merupakan salah satu upaya dalam mitigasi perubahan iklim sekaligus menjaga kelestarian laut. The concept of blue carbon is one of the efforts to reduce carbon gas emissions that trigger global warming by utilizing coastal vegetation as a carbon sink. Seagrass ecosystems are one of the coastal ecosystems that can absorb large amounts of carbon. This study aims to find seagrass conditions and carbon content in seagrasses on the waters of Besar Utara Island, Maumere, Sikka. Seagrass observations used a 50x50cm quadrant transect according to the LIPI guideline, 2017. Seagrass sampling was using seagrass cores with 15cm diameter in each location. Calculation of carbon content using the Loss On Ignition (LOI) method which is then converted to biomass values at each point. Seagrass species found in location sampling were 4 species, namely Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, and Syringodium isoetifolium. The Location has very dense seagrass cover. Biomass values below and above the substrate at location sampling (424.60 gbk / m2 and 79.67 gbk / m2). The total carbon content in location sampling is 41.95 gC / m2. The largest carbon content is stored in seagrass tissues (roots and rhizomes) with E. acoroides as a contributor to the highest biomass and carbon content. The location of Besar North island, Maumere has good water conditions with high seagrass density, in general the carbon storage at the location of Besar North island is high condition. Seagrass with good condition will have good carbon storage and this is one of the efforts in mitigating climate change at once preserving the sea.
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Rhamadany, Annisa, Chrisna Adhi Suryono i Delianis Pringgenies. "Biomasa dan Simpanan Karbon pada Ekosistem Lamun di Perairan Batulawang dan Pulau Sintok Taman Nasional Karimunjawa, Jepara". Journal of Marine Research 10, nr 3 (1.08.2021): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v10i3.31692.
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Ekosistem lamun memiliki fungsi ekologi dan ekonomi yang tinggi. Peran ekosistem lamun dalam penyimpanan karbon akan tetapi masih belum menjadi sorotan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui nilai biomassa dan estimasi simpanan karbon pada ekosistem lamun di Perairan Batulawang, Pulau Kemujan serta Pulau Sintok, Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada 7 – 14 Noevmber 2019 di Perairan Batulawang dan Pulau Sintok, Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Metode penelitian di lapangan menggunakan metode SeagrassWatch, sementara nilai biomassa dan nilai estimasi simpanan karbon dihitung menggunakan metode Metode Loss of Ignition (LOI) di laboratorium. Data yang diperoleh berupa pengukuran berat kering untuk menghitung biomassa dan analisa kandungan karbon pada lamun dan sedimen. Hasil penelitian didapatkan empat jenis lamun di Perairan Batulawang yaitu Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea serrulata, dan Thalassodendron ciliatum sedangkan di Pulau Sintok terdapat tiga jenis lamun yang ditemukan yaitu Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, dan Halophila ovalis. Nilai total biomassa lamun terbesar pada Perairan Batulawang yaitu Enhalus acoroides dengan nilai 849,75 gbk/m2 dan nilai total biomassa lamun terkecil Thalassodendron ciliatum dengan nilai 29 gbk/m2. Nilai total biomassa lamun terbesar pada Pulau Sintok yaitu Cymodocea rotundata dengan nilai 177,75 gbk/m2dan nilai total biomassa lamun terkecil Halophila ovalis dengan nilai 4,75 gbk/m2. Hasil pengukuran karbon lamun pada Perairan Batulawang yaitu 12,97 – 359,87 gC/m2 dan 258,20 – 541,51 gC/m2 pada sedimennya. Hasil pengukuran karbon pada lamun di Pulau Sintok yaitu 2,35 – 85,80 gC/m2 dan 204,92 – 765,92 gC/m2 pada sedimen. Kandungan karbon paling besar terdapat pada bagian bawah substrat (below ground). Kandungan karbon pada bagian bawah substrat tidak terganggu oleh faktor lingkungan (gelombang, arus, dan ulah manusia) sehingga terakumulasi baik. Seagrass ecosystems have high ecological and economic functions. The role of seagrass ecosystems in carbon storage, however, has not yet been highlighted. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of biomass and estimated carbon storage in seagrass ecosystems in Batulawang waters, Kemujan Island and Sintok Island, Karimunjawa National Park. This research was conducted on 7 − 14 November 2019 in Batulawang waters and Sintok Island, Karimunjawa National Park. The research method in the field uses the SeagrassWatch method, while the biomass value and the estimated value of carbon storage are calculated using the Loss of Ignition (LOI) method in the laboratory. The data obtained were measurements of dry weight to calculate biomass and analysis of carbon content in seagrass and sediments. The result shows that there are four species of seagrass in Batulawang Waters, they are Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea serrulata, and Thalassodendron cliatum meanwhile in Sintok Island there are three species, they are, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, and Halophila ovalis. The measurement of carbon is done by using Loss on Ignition Method. The highest total seagrass biomass in Batulawang waters is Enhalus acoroides with a value of 849.75 gbk/m2 and the lowest total seagrass biomass is Thalassodendron ciliatum with a value of 29 gbk/m2. The highest total seagrass biomass on Sintok Island is Cymodocea rotundata with a value of 177.75 gbk/m2 and the lowest total seagrass biomass is Halophila ovalis with a value of 4.75 gbk/m2. The results of measurements of seagrass carbon in Batulawang waters are 12,97 – 359,87 gC/m2 and 258,20 – 541,51 gC/m2 on the sediments. The result of seagrass carbon measurement in Sintok Island is 2,35 – 85,80 gC/m2 and 204,92 – 765,92 gC/m2 on the sediments. The largest carbon content is at the bottom of the substrate (below ground). The carbon content at the bottom of the substrate is not disturbed by environmental factors (waves, currents, and human activities) so that it accumulates well.
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Supriadi, Supriadi, Richardus F. Kaswadji, Dietrich G. Bengen i Malikusworo Hutomo. "Carbon Stock of Seagrass Community in Barranglompo Island, Makassar (Stok Karbon pada Komunitas Lamun di Pulau Barranglompo, Makassar)". ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 19, nr 1 (2.03.2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.19.1.1-10.
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Konsep blue carbon yang diperkenalkan oleh UNEP, FAO dan UNESCO pada tahun 2009 memasukkan padang lamun sebagai salah satu ekosistem yang mempunyai peran dalam penyerapan karbon global. Karbon yang diserap disimpan dan dialirkan dalam beberapa kompartemen, antara lain di sedimen, herbivora, kolom air, ekosistem lain dan dalam bentuk biomassa. Penelitian dilakukan di Pulau Barranglompo, Makassar, untuk melihat potensi stok karbon yang tersimpan dalam biomassa lamun. Kepadatan lamun diukur dengan melakukan sampling menggunakan metode transek kuadrat dengan ukuran 50cm x 50cm. Sedangkan untuk biomassa dilakukan dengan transek 20cm x 20cm. Hubungan antara kepadatan, biomassa dan kandungan karbon dari lamun digunakan untuk menentukan jumlah stok karbon. Kepadatan lamun disurvei pada 236 titik, sedangkan untuk pengambilan sampel biomassa dilakukan pada 30 titik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunitas lamun mempunyai total stok karbon sebesar 73,86 ton dari total luas padang lamun 64,3 ha. Karbon di bawah substrat sebesar 56,55 ton (76,3%), lebih tinggi dibanding karbon di atas substrat yang hanya 17,57 ton (23,7%). Jenis lamun Enhalus acoroides menyumbang lebih dari 70% terhadap total stok karbon. Berdasarkan kelas karbon, kontribusi terbesar ditemukan pada kelas 100-200 gC.m-2 sebesar 29,41 ton (39,7%). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa ekosistem lamun berperan sangat penting dalam menjaga stok karbon di laut sehingga perlu mendapatkan perhatian untuk konservasinya. Kata kunci: konsep blue karbon, lamun, Barranglompo Blue carbon concept as introduced by UNEP, FAO and UNESCO in 2009 included seagrass beds as one ecosystem having a significant role in global carbon absorption. Absorbed carbon was stored and distributed in various compartments such as in sediments, herbivores, water column, other ecosystems and in form of biomass. The research was conducted in Barranglompo Island, Makassar City to analyze the potency of carbon stock that stored within seagrass biomass. Seagrass density was sampled using quadrat transect method with size of 50cm x 50cm. While for biomass was done by harvesting seagrass at transect of 20cm x 20cm in root penetration depth. Relationship between density, biomass and carbon content of seagrass were used to determine total carbon stock. Seagrass density was surveyed at 236 points, while for biomass sampling was conducted in 30 points. The results showed that seagrass community had total carbon stocks as much as 73.86 tonnes from overall 64.3 ha of seagrass bed areas. Below ground carbon had 56.55 tonnes (76.3%), higher compared to that aboveground which only 17.57 tonnes (23.7%). Seagrass species Enhalus acoroides contributed more than 70% to the total carbon stocks, whereas, based on the carbon classes, the highest contribution was found at class 100-200 gC.m-2 i.e. 29.41 tonnes (39.7%). These results suggest that seagrass ecosystem plays an important role in maintaining the carbon stock in the ocean and should receive good attention for its conservation. Keywords: blue carbon concept, seagrass, Barranglompo
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Kuiper-Linley, Marianne, Craig R. Johnson i Janet M. Lanyon. "Effects of simulated green turtle regrazing on seagrass abundance, growth and nutritional status in Moreton Bay, south-east Queensland, Australia". Marine and Freshwater Research 58, nr 5 (2007): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06241.
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In some parts of their range, green turtles maintain grazing plots in seagrass beds by regular regrazing. The effects of simulated repeated grazing on subtropical seagrasses in Moreton Bay, Australia were investigated in a manipulative experiment over summer. Three seagrass species were subjected to two different clipping frequencies (simulating turtle cropping) and compared with unclipped controls over a 3.5-month summer period for the effects on seagrass biomass, leaf size and regrowth rates and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and starch content. The order of the seagrass species’ relative tolerance to simulated grazing was Halophila ovalis > Zostera capricorni > Cymodocea serrulata. Frequent regrazing of the green turtle’s preferred seagrass, H. ovalis, resulted in an increase in leaf regrowth rate so that standing biomass of leaves and total plant material was maintained, suggesting an increase in productivity. Furthermore, whole-plant concentrations of WSC increased significantly in clipped H. ovalis plants relative to unclipped controls. In contrast, leaf biomass of the seagrass species less preferred by turtles, Z. capricorni and C. serrulata, decreased in response to repeated leaf removal relative to controls, despite maintenance of leaf regrowth rates. C. serrulata responded to repeated clipping with a reduction in leaf size and a decrease in rhizome WSC concentration. Z. capricorni also produced fewer and smaller new leaves. The ability of the preferred species, H. ovalis, to increase production of nutrient-rich standing crop in response to regrazing has major implications for green turtles and other seagrass grazers.
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Rattanachot, Ekkalak, i Anchana Prathep. "Species-specific effects of seagrass on belowground biomass, redox potential and Pillucina vietnamica (Lucinidae)". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95, nr 8 (29.06.2015): 1693–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415000934.
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The network of roots and rhizomes of seagrasses plays an important role in coastal ecosystems by anchoring the substrate firmly, controlling the biogeochemistry of the sediments and providing habitat for many infaunal organisms. The purpose of this study was to compare five seagrass communities in southern Thailand in terms of species composition, belowground biomass, redox potential and the abundance of the dominant bivalve Pillucina vietnamica. The communities of Halophila ovalis, Cymodocea rotundata, Thalassia hemprichii, H. ovalis with C. rotundata and C. rotundata with T. hemprichii were studied. Belowground biomass, redox potential, bivalve abundance and bivalve size differed among communities and depths (P < 0.05). The redox potential in vegetated areas was lower than in bare sand, showing that seagrass roots trapped more organic matter than did bare sand. The lowest redox potential was in a monospecific patch of the branching root species, C. rotundata. The abundance of P. vietnamica in vegetated areas was lower than in bare sand (P < 0.05). Pillucina vietnamica was relatively large in size in the monospecific stands of C. rotundata and T. hemprichii, where relatively high root biomass and belowground biomass, respectively, were found. Our results suggest that seagrass promotes anoxic conditions belowground by trapping sediment but could obstruct the burrowing activity of lucinids, as dense populations of lucinids occurred mainly in bare sand. However, seagrass also provided shelter for lucinids, as larger bivalves were found in seagrass areas. The interactions among belowground seagrass parts, the biogeochemistry of sediments and the lucinids are highly complex and merit further study.
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Lee Long, WJ, JE Mellors i RG Coles. "Seagrasses between Cape York and Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia". Marine and Freshwater Research 44, nr 1 (1993): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9930019.
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The area of seagrasses in waters adjacent to the Queensland coast between Cape York and Hervey Bay is approximately 4000 km2. Seagrasses were found near estuaries, in coastal bays and associated with islands, at sites that provided shelter from the south-easterly trade winds and Pacific Ocean swells. Of the seagrass meadows mapped, 37% had a bottom vegetation cover greater than 50%. Two large continuous areas (total of approximately 2500 km2) of seagrass of predominantly Halophila species were found in deep water in Hervey Bay and between Barrow Point and Lookout Point and may be part of a much larger area of deep-water seagrass habitat not yet surveyed in the Great Barrier Reef province. Fourteen seagrass species were found in the surveyed region, and most were typical of the northern Australian and Indo-West Pacific region. The opportunistic Halophila and Halodule species were most common, with Halophila ovalis (R. Br.) Hook. f. and Halodule uninervis (Forsk.) Aschers. each being found in more than 15% of samples. High species richness occurred at depths of less than 6 m, predominantly in sheltered bays at coastal and island locations. Low species richness at estuary- associated sites may be due to stresses caused by low salinity during monsoonal runoff periods or exposure at low tides. Zostera capricorni Aschers. was restricted to these areas and may have a competitive advantage over other species with lesser tolerance to varying salinity. Species richness decreased with an increase in both latitude and depth. The latitudinal limits of recorded distributions for some of these tropical seagrasses were confirmed. Seagrass biomass decreased with increasing depth, but parameters of seagrass abundance showed no correlation with latitude, being dependent on a complex of site-related factors. High seagrass biomass occurred at sheltered sites, including estuary-associated, coastal-bay and island-associated sites. The maximum recorded above-ground biomass was 102.9 g m-2 for Zostera capricorni at Upstart Bay. Shoot densities reached 13 806 shoots m-2 for Halophila ovalis at Escape River, and the highest leaf area index was 1.81 for Zostera capricorni at Upstart Bay.
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Wressnig, Anna, i David J. Booth. "Patterns of seagrass biomass removal by two temperate Australian fishes (Monacanthidae)". Marine and Freshwater Research 59, nr 5 (2008): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07209.
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Despite the global significance of nearshore seagrass beds, little is known of their trophodynamic processes. Herbivory by seagrass fishes is thought to be significant but some species previously suspected to be herbivores may be largely detritivorous. Patterns of grazing on the seagrass Posidonia australis by two abundant monacanthid fishes, Meuschenia freycineti and Meuschenia trachylepis, were determined by calculating the removal of seagrass biomass in three Australian estuaries over 14 months. M. freycineti removed significantly more seagrass biomass than M. trachylepis but seagrass biomass removed by both species varied widely across the three estuaries over time. Median amounts of seagrass removal were generally low for all sites compared with standing stock biomass of P. australis leaves and its epiphytes. Nevertheless, grazing by the two species caused high localised rates of removal (up to 90 mg dry weight of P. australis with epibiota per m2) in winter, the season when seagrass growth is least. Such removal rates are far greater than those reported for any other fish grazer in P. australis. These two fish species directly affect seagrass biomass and potentially alter the trophodynamics of P. australis seagrass beds, especially when grazing intensity is high during the season of lowest seagrass growth.
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Masita, Siti, Irwan Said i Suherman Suherman. "Lead Metal Adsorption from its Solution using Seagrass Biomass Enhalus Acoroides". Jurnal Akademika Kimia 9, nr 3 (28.08.2020): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2020.v9.i3.pp158-161.
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Seagrass is one of the macrophyta plants containing enough biomass. Recently, seagrass has been used for filtering waste, drugs and sources of chemicals. Seagrass also functions to stabilize the soft bases where most species grow, especially with solid root systems and cross each other. Therefore, seagrass has the potential to absorb heavy metal ions from the solution. This research aimed to determine the optimum weight and optimum contact time for Pb metal adsorption. Weight variation of seagrass biomass was 60, 90, and 120 mg while variation in contact time was 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The results obtained optimum weight of seagrass biomass to absorb Pb metal was 60 mg with 98.42% Pb absorbed, and optimum contact time for seagrass biomass to absorb Pb metal was 60 minutes with 95.45% Pb absorbed.
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Gunawan, Jessica Viny, Maxi Parengkuan, A'an Johan Wahyudi i Firman Zulpikar. "Estimasi Stok Karbon pada Biomassa Lamun di Pulau Semak Daun, Kepulauan Seribu". Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia 4, nr 2 (31.08.2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oldi.2019.v4i2.229.
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<strong>Carbon Stock Estimation in Seagrass Biomass on Semak Daun Island, Thousand Islands</strong>. Seagrass ecosystem has a vital role in protecting the coastal ecosystem. It can also sequester and store carbon as an organic material (blue carbon) for a long time. However, anthropogenic activities in coastal areas give environmental stress on the seagrass ecosystem. This research was conducted to assess the carbon stock of seagrass biomass in Semak Daun Island in order to evaluate the potential of the seagrass meadows in sequestering carbon. Sampling and observation were held in the seagrass ecosystem to obtain seagrass density, biomass, frequency of occurrence, water quality, and anthropogenic activity. Carbon stock was calculated by the loss of ignition (LOI) method, and combined with density to determine the total carbon stock in the whole area of seagrass meadows. Seagrass species in Semak Daun Island consist of Halophila ovalis, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Syringodium isoetifolium, and Halodule uninervis. The coverage area of seagrass in Semak Daun Island was 9.1 ha with carbon stock value of 1.84 ton C or equivalent to 6.76 ton CO2. Fifty two percent of the carbon stock was originated from the below-ground biomass and 48% from the above-ground biomass.
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Tol, Samantha J., Rob G. Coles i Bradley C. Congdon. "Dugong dugonfeeding in tropical Australian seagrass meadows: implications for conservation planning". PeerJ 4 (7.07.2016): e2194. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2194.
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Dugongs (Dugong dugon) are listed as vulnerable to extinction due to rapid population reductions caused in part by loss of seagrass feeding meadows. Understanding dugong feeding behaviour in tropical Australia, where the majority of dugongs live, will assist conservation strategies. We examined whether feeding patterns in intertidal seagrass meadows in tropical north-eastern Australia were related to seagrass biomass, species composition and/or nitrogen content. The total biomass of each seagrass species removed by feeding dugongs was measured and compared to its relative availability. Nitrogen concentrations were also determined for each seagrass species present at the sites. Dugongs consumed seagrass species in proportion to their availability, with biomass being the primary determining factor. Species composition and/or nitrogen content influenced consumption to a lesser degree. Conservation plans focused on protecting high biomass intertidal seagrass meadows are likely to be most effective at ensuring the survival of dugong in tropical north-eastern Australia.
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Pérez-Castañeda, Roberto, Zeferino Blanco-Martínez, Jesús Genaro Sánchez-Martínez, Jaime L. Rábago-Castro, Gabriel Aguirre-Guzmán i María de la Luz Vázquez-Sauceda. "Distribution of Farfantepenaeus aztecus and F. duorarum on submerged aquatic vegetation habitats along a subtropical coastal lagoon (Laguna Madre, Mexico)". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90, nr 3 (19.10.2009): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315409990865.
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The spatial distribution of Farfantepenaeus shrimp was analysed in the Laguna Madre of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Sampling was carried out on submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) habitats at five sites located along the coastal lagoon. Two nocturnal surveys were conducted during winter in 2005 (January–February), collecting a total of 3268 shrimp individuals. SAV beds were composed of a mixture of drift algae (mainly Digenia simplex), attached algae (mainly Penicillus capitatus and Udotea occidentalis) and seagrass (mainly Halodule wrightii). Farfantepenaeus aztecus was more abundant (39.5%) than F. duorarum (36.8%), and the remaining 23.7% corresponding to small unidentified Farfantepenaeus spp. were classified as recruits. Abundance of F. aztecus was significantly higher at sites 2 and 4, whereas F. duorarum did not show significant distribution differences along the Laguna Madre. Recruits, juveniles and total shrimp tended to decrease significantly at the northern part of the lagoon (site 1), where substrate was dominated by drifting algae and seagrasses were scarce or absent. The abundance of shrimp was positively related to seagrass biomass and/or water temperature, whereas there was a negligible or negative relationship with algal biomass. With the exception of subadults, a significant positive linear relationship between seagrass and shrimp abundance was fitted, indicating an increase in number of individuals of both species with increasing seagrass biomass. This suggests that seagrass is the most important component of SAV beds influencing the abundance of F. aztecus and F. duorarum along this hypersaline coastal lagoon.
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Loría-Naranjo, Margarita, Jimena Samper-Villarreal, Marylaura Sandoval-Siles i Jorge Cortés. "Intra and inter annual variation in a seagrass meadow on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica: 2009-2015". Revista de Biología Tropical 66, nr 3 (4.07.2018): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i3.31035.
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Seagrass beds are an important ecosystem on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. At Cahuita National Park (CNP) a seagrass bed at Perezoso has been monitored continually since 1999 within the CARICOMP program. Thalassia testudinum is the dominant seagrass species, in some cases mixed with Syringodium filiforme. The results from the 2009 to 2015 monitoring period are presented here, and contrasted with data before 2009. Total (above and below ground tissue) mean biomass of T. testudinum was higher (1 255.4 ± 146.0 gm-2) than biomass before 2009, with an increasing tendency. However, productivity (1.5±0.59 gm-2d-1) and turnover rate (4.3 ± 1.22 %d-1) were lower than previous monitoring periods. In this period, mean leaf area diminished considerably (4.9 ± 2.30 m2), but leaf area index (LAI) increased (1.9 ± 0.80 m2leafm-2) in comparison to prior monitoring. Productivity, density, turnover rate, LAI and biomass showed intra-annual variations; while mean biomass of T. testudinum did not vary significantly among years. No correlations were found between water salinity, temperature and clarity with seagrass measurements. However, most seagrass parameters were strongly correlated with precipitation. These results highlight the effect of external environmental agents acting on the ecosystem. CNP presents a long-term stable seagrass meadow. However, there are indirect signals, such as high biomass and above-ground biomass proportion, along with low productivity and LAI, which point to a nutrient increment in Perezoso’s seagrass bed. To continue protecting this seagrass bed, it is necessary to improve monitoring methods, and seagrass beds should be included in national conservation policies and monitoring programs.
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Budiarsa, Anugrah A., H. H. De Iongh, Wawan Kustiawan i Peter M. van Bodegom. "Dugong foraging behavior on tropical intertidal seagrass meadows: the influence of climatic drivers and anthropogenic disturbance". Hydrobiologia 848, nr 18 (14.05.2021): 4153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04583-0.
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AbstractForaging strategies of dugongs in tropical areas are not yet well understood, and that is particularly true for grazing of fast-growing pioneer seagrass meadows in the intertidal zones. In this study, we investigated the driving factors affecting the number of grazing tracks in intertidal seagrass meadows caused by small herds of dugongs in Balikpapan Bay, Indonesia. We investigated seven intertidal seagrass meadows for which the dynamics of seagrass biomass, the ratio aboveground to belowground biomass, and the number of grazing tracks were recorded and measured based on monthly intervals over a year. Seagrass features showed a significant relationship with wind speed, precipitation, desiccation time, the distance of the grazing sward to a residential area, and fishing activity based on multiple (generalized) linear models. While the intertidal seagrass meadows consisted of 5 species in total, only Halodule pinifolia patches were grazed. Dugong feeding tracks were found in four of the seven sites. The strong variation in the number of tracks throughout the year was significantly affected by seagrass biomass of seagrass, location and wind speed. Our results show how the interplay of site conditions related to both shelter (wind speed) and food availability (seagrass biomass) determines its suitability for dugongs.
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Dewi, Citra Satrya Utama, Defri Yona, Pratama Diffi Samuel, Rizqi Aimmatul Maulidiyah, Ahdiya Syahrir, Yandini Eka Putri, Hilal Rakhmawan i Maulana Fikri. "Density and Biomass of Seagrass Beds and Its Threats on Lamongan Regency". Research Journal of Life Science 7, nr 3 (1.12.2020): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.rjls.2020.007.03.9.
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This study aimed to determine the density of seagrass species, seagrass biomass, and threats faced by seagrass communities in the Coastal District of Lamongan. The study was conducted from August to November 2019 in three coastal villages of Lamongan Regency, namely Tunggul Village (Station 1), Kranji Village (Station 2), and Banjarwati Village (Station 3). Furthermore, the stages of the study consisted of preparation, data collection on density, threat data, seagrass stand samples, sample processing, and data analysis. The results showed that the total density of seagrass species at Stations 1, 2, and 3 was 160 stands/m2, 172 stands/m2, and 185 stands/m2, respectively. Moreover, the total biomass of seagrass at Stations 1, 2, and 3 was 4633 g/m2, 2136 g/m2, and 9234 g/m2, respectively. In addition to seagrass species, seagrass density values also affected seagrass biomass. As development progresses in Lamongan Regency, it is known that the biggest threat of seagrass communities in the study site is human activity (anthropogenic), especially the anchor ships when anchored and the use of coastal areas as tourist areas. This occasion often cleans up seagrass communities because they are deemed unfit to be enjoyed tourism sector.
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Luong, Cao Van, Nguyen Manh Linh, Vu Manh Hung, Dam Duc Tien, Dau Van Thao i Tran Dinh Lan. "The status of seagrass communities in the Truong Sa archipelago". Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 20, nr 3 (1.10.2020): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/20/3/15076.
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Seagrasses in Truong Sa archipelago have not been intensively studied and understood, even in some obviously progressive works recently published. It is essential to carry out much more researches to fill up understanding gaps of seagrasses in the area. In 2019, within the framework of the project coded KC09.29/16–20, two surveys were conducted for three selected islands (Truong Sa Lon, Thuyen Chai and Song Tu Tay) in the area, focusing on marine ecosystems including seagrass beds. Survey results in the selected islands show eight seagrass species (one new record), the estimated total distribution area of 1,190 ha, the total reserve of biomass reaching 7,417.2 tons.dry, equivalent to 11,432.8 tons.CO2.
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Zulfikar, Alfian, Agus Hartoko i Boedi Hendrarto. "DISTRIBUSI DAN KANDUNGAN KARBON PADA LAMUN (Enhalus acoroides) DI PULAU KEMUJAN TAMAN NASIONAL KARIMUNJAWA BERDASARKAN CITRA SATELIT". Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES) 5, nr 4 (20.12.2016): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/marj.v5i4.14404.
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ABSTRAKPadang lamun merupakan salah satu ekosistem yang sangat penting di wilayah pesisir. Salah satu fungsi dari lamun yaitu sebagai penyerap karbon. Adanya berbagai kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat di Pulau Kemujan dikhawatirkan dapat mengganggu fungsi lamun tersebut. Lamun tersebar sepanjang pantai sebelah barat Pulau Kemujan sehingga penggunaan teknologi penginderaan jauh diharapkan dapat membantu dalam penelitian ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui pengaruh dari kegiatan manusia terhadap fungsi lamun sebagai penyerap karbon dengan cara membangun pemodelan algoritma berdasarkan citra satelit Aster. Adapun pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Analisis kandungan karbon pada lamun menggunakan metode Walkley & Black. Hasil kandungan karbon tertinggi terdapat pada rhizome berkisar antara 12,498 – 55.967 g C/m2 sedangkan akar berkisar antara 0,475 – 27,147 g C/m2 dan daun berkisar antara 4,374 – 30,346 g C/m2. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa distribusi biomassa dan kandungan karbon lamun (Enhalus acoroides) di Pulau Kemujan Taman Nasional Karimunjawa menyebar tidak merata, hal tersebut menunjukkan adanya pengaruh dari kegiatan manusia terhadap fungsi lamun sebagai penyerap karbon. Kata kunci: Lamun, Kandungan karbon, Pulau Kemujan Taman Nasional Karimunjawa ABSTRACTSeagrass beds are one of the very important ecosystems in coastal areas. One function of seagrass is carbon sinks. Activities in Kemujan island was suspected to interfere function of seagrass. Seagrass was found along the west of Kemujan island, so that using of remote sensing technology can help in this research. The aimed of this research was to determine the influence of human activities on the functioning of seagrass as a carbon sink by building modeling algorithm based on Aster satellite. Sampling teqhnique was purposive sampling. Analysis of carbon biomass in seagrass using Walkley & Black method. The results of the highest carbon biomass was found in the rhizome ranged from 12.498 to 55,967 g C /m2 while the roots ranged from 0.475 to 27.147 g C /m2 and leaves ranged from 4.374 to 30.346 g C /m2. This research, concluded that the distribution of biomass and carbon biomass of seagrass (Enhalus acoroides) in Kemujan Island Karimunjawa National Park spread unevenly, it showed the influence of human activities on seagrass function as carbon sinks. Keywords: Seagrass, carbon biomass, Kemujan Island Karimunjawa National Park.
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Samper-Villarreal, Jimena, i Jorge Cortés. "Seagrass characterization on the southern Pacific coast of Costa Rica: history, vegetation, and environment". Botanica Marina 63, nr 5 (25.10.2020): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bot-2020-0022.
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AbstractSeagrass conservation and management requires scientific understanding of spatial and temporal variability, information that is currently limited for the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP). Here, we analysed seagrass presence based on previous reports, herbarium collections and stakeholder knowledge, combined with field characterization in Golfo Dulce, southern Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Seagrasses were found at multiple locations along a narrow border close to shore and in up to 6 m depth within Golfo Dulce, dating back to 1969. Two seagrass species were found, Halophila baillonii and Halodule beaudettei. Seagrass biomass values for Golfo Dulce (12.0 ± 8.5 g DW m−2) were lower and water nutrient concentrations were higher than previously reported in the gulf. Shoot density (1513 ± 767 shoots m−2) was similar to previous reports. Stable isotope values in seagrass were −11.3 ± 1.0‰ δ13C and 1.2 ± 0.9‰ δ15N; while those in sediments were −26.1 ± 1.3 and 2.5 ± 0.9‰. In Golfo Dulce, isotopic values of both seagrass species do not overlap with other known primary producers. Management strategies should aim to minimize known seagrass stressors, protect potential seagrass habitat, and take into account the dynamic life strategies of the two seagrass species found.
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W. Lefebvre, Lynn, James P. Reid, W. Judson Kenworthy i James A. Powell. "Characterizing Manatee habitat use and seagrass grazing in Florida and Puerto Rico: implications for conservation and management". Pacific Conservation Biology 5, nr 4 (1999): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc000289.
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The Indian River Lagoon on the Atlantic coast of Florida, USA, and the east coast of Puerto Rico provide contrasting environments in which the endangered West Indian Manatee Trichechus manatus experiences different thermal regimes and seagrass communities. We compare Manatee feeding behaviour in these two regions, examine the ecological effects of Manatee grazing on a seagrass community in the Indian River Lagoon, describe the utility of aerial surveys, radio tracking, and seagrass mapping to study Manatee feeding patterns, and develop hypotheses on sirenian feeding strategies in temperate and tropical seagrass communities. In both the Indian River Lagoon and Puerto Rico, Manatees were typically observed grazing in water depths = 2.0 m and more frequently on the most abundant seagrasses present in the community: Halodule wrightii in the Indian River Lagoon and Thalassia testudinum in eastern Puerto Rico. Where both H. wrightii and Syringodium filiforme were consumed in the Indian River Lagoon, Manatees tended to remove more S. filiforme than H. wrightii rhizome + root biomass. Even though 80 to 95% of the short-shoot biomass and 50 to 67% of the rhizome + root biomass were removed, grazed patches of H. wrightii and S. filiforme recovered significantly between February and August. H. wrightii may be both more resistant and resilient than S. filiforme to the impacts of Manatee grazing. Despite the significantly greater abundance of T. testudinum in Puerto Rico, Manatees exhibited selective feeding by returning to specific sites with abundant H. wrightii. They also appeared to feed selectively on T. testudinum shoots associated with clumps of the calcareous alga Halimeda opuntia. We hypothesize that Florida Manatees are less specialized seagrass grazers than Manatees in tropical regions like Puerto Rico. Continued research on Manatee grazing ecology in temperate to tropical seagrass communities will enable better protection and management of these vital and unique marine resources.
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Khairunnisa, Isdradjad Setyobudiandi i Mennofatria Boer. "ESTIMASI CADANGAN KARBON PADA LAMUN DI PESISIR TIMUR KABUPATEN BINTAN". Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis 10, nr 3 (1.12.2018): 639–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v10i3.21397.
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ABSTRAKSalah satu upaya untuk mengurangi emisi gas karbon pemicu pemanasan global adalah dengan memanfaatkan vegetasi pesisir seperti lamun yang dikenal dengan istilah blue carbon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui stok karbon pada padang lamun di Pesisir Timur Kabupaten Bintan, Kepulauan Riau sebagai upaya dalam mengurangi pemanasan global. Penelitian dilakukan di Berakit, Malang Rapat, dan Teluk Bakau mulai Januari – Juli 2017. Parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah biomassa, kandungan karbon, dan stok karbon pada lamun. Analisis biomassa diukur dari berat kering lamun per satuan luas yang dibagi atas bagian atas dan bawah substrat, kandungan karbon diukur dengan metode Walkley and Black, stok karbon diukur dengan memperhatikan kandungan karbon dan biomassa lamun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekosistem lamun di pesisir timur Kabupaten Bintan ditumbuhi oleh C. rotundata, C. serrulata, E. acoroides, H. uninervis, H. pinifolia, H. ovalis, T. hemprichii, T. ciliatum dan S. isoetifolium dengan kondisi yang relatif baik. Persentase biomassa dan karbon yang berada di bawah substrat lebih besar dibanding biomassa yang berada di atas substrat, sehingga ketika bagian pelepah dan daun lamun lepas baik karena tindakan manusia ataupun alam lamun masih tetap mampu menyimpan karbon. Padang lamun di pesisir sebelah timur Kabupaten Bintan memiliki potensi dalam menyerap dan menyimpan karbon yakni sebesar 2431.33 ton C dengan E. acoroides sebagai spesies yang mampu menghasilkan biomassa terbesar dan kandungan karbon tertinggi, meski jumlah tersebut tidak dapat dijadikan acuan apakah lamun memiliki potensi yang tinggi ataupun tidak karena hingga saat ini belum ada nilai standardnya. ABSTRACTOne of the solutions to reduce carbon gas emissions that triggered global warming is to utilize coastal vegetation such as seagrass that known as blue carbon. This research was aimed to determine stock carbon on seagrass in the east coast of Bintan Regency, Kepulauan Riau Province as an effort to reduce global warming. The research was conducted in Berakit, Malang Rapat, and Teluk Bakau from January to July 2017. The parameters measured in this research were biomass, carbon content, and carbon stock on seagrass. The anylisis of the biomass was obtained from the dry weight per unit area, the carbon content was obtained by Walkley and black method, the carbon stock was obtained by the measurement of the biomass and carbon content. Based on the observation, seagrass ecosystem in east coast of Bintan was palnted by C. rotundata, C. serrulata, E. acoroides, H. uninervis, H. pinifolia, H. ovalis, T. hemprichii, T. ciliatum, dan S. isoetifolium. The below ground biomass and carbon percentation were higher that the aboveground parts so when the leaves are released either because of human or natural actions, seagrass is still able to store carbon. Seagrass beds on the east coast of Bintan Regency have the potential to absorb and store carbon which is equal to 2431.33 tons C as E. acoroides being the species which capable of producing the highest biomass and highest carbon content, although this number cannot be used as a reference whether seagrass has high potential or no because until now there has been no standard value.
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Sophianto, Raka Pramulo, Hadi Endrawati i Retno Hartati. "Simpanan Karbon pada Ekosistem Padang Lamun di Perairan Jepara". Journal of Marine Research 9, nr 2 (25.04.2020): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v9i2.25284.
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Padang lamun merupakan ekosistem yang kompleks dan produktif di ekosistem laut dan pesisir serta salah satu peran utama lamun adalah sebagai penyimpan karbon dengan karakteristik uniknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis lamun, mengetahui struktur komunitas lamun, nilai biomassa dan nilai karbon lamun. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober dan November 2017 di Teluk Awur dan Pantai Bendengan Jepara. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada dua tempat masing-masing lima stasiun. Sampel yang diambil adalah lamun, sedimen dan air laut yang ditemukan di lokasi penelitian yang kemudian di identifikasi serta dianalisis di Laboratorium Biologi, Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, dan analisis pengabuan lamun dilakukan pada di Laboratorium Geologi, Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai total biomassa lamun yang didapat di kedua lokasi dari sampling pertama yaitu 982,77 gbk/m2 dan sampling kedua yaitu 923,91 gbk/m2. Total kandungan karbon pada sampling pertama berkisar antara 511,76 – 3662,26 gC/m2 dan total karbon pada sampling kedua berkisar antara 141,48 – 3344,2 gC/m2. Perbedaan hasil yang di dapat menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan iklim dapat berpengaruh terhadap hasil yang didapatkan. Seagrass beds are complex and productive ecosystems in marine and coastal ecosystems and one of the main roles of seagrasses is storing carbon with its unique characteristics. This study aims to determine the types of seagrasses, find out the seagrass community structure, biomass values and seagrass carbon values. This research was conducted in October and November 2017 in Teluk Awur and Bendengan Jepara Beach. The method used in this research is descriptive method. Sampling was carried out at two places each of five stations. Samples taken were seagrass, sediments and seawater found at the study site which were then identified and analyzed in the Biology Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, and analysis of desertion carried out at the Geology Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University. The results of this study indicate the total value of seagrass biomass obtained in both locations from the first test was 982.77 gbk/m2 and the second test was 923.91 gbk/m2. The total carbon content in the first sampling ranged from 511.76 - 3662.26 gC/m2 and the total carbon in the second sampling ranged from 141.48-3344.2 gC/m2. The difference in results can show that climate differences can affect the results obtained.
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Ibnu Graha, Yoga, I. Wayan Arthana i I. Wayan Gede Astawa Karang. "SIMPANAN KARBON PADANG LAMUN DI KAWASAN PANTAI SANUR, KOTA DENPASAR". ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 10, nr 1 (1.05.2016): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2016.v10.i01.p08.
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Seagrass is one of the marine resources that considerably potential as a CO2 absorbent and functioned as carbon sinks in the oceans known as blue carbon. The result of carbon sequestration from the process of photosynthesis is stored as carbon stocks on seagrass tissue, or streamed to multiple compartments, such as sediment, herbivores and other ecosystems. This study aims to assess the potential for carbon stock storage in biomass on a tissue of seagrass in Sanur Beach coastal area. The observations of seagrass are included the seagrass type, seagrass stands, and measurement of environmental parameters. Then the sampling was conducted to obtain the value of seagrass biomass. The carbon stocks obtained through the conversion of biomass by using carbon concentration analysis of seagrass tissue and then carried a spatial distribution of carbon stocks. Types of seagrass found in Sanur Beach coastal area consist of eight species that are Enhalus acroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila ovalis, Syringodium isoetifolium, Cymodocea serrulata, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule uninervis and Halodule pinifolia. The result of the carbon stock seagrass in the bottom substrate is 60% greater than the carbon stock in the top substrate which is 40%. Seagrass covering 322 ha of Sanur Beach coastal area with a total potential carbon storage of 66.60 tons or 0.21 tons / ha. Seagrass key role as a carbon storage is on the bottom substrate tissue, and Enhalus acroides is a seagrass species that contributes the most to the carbon storage.
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Dewi, Septiyani Kusuma, Wilis Ari Setyati i Ita Riniatsih. "Stok Karbon pada Ekosistem Lamun di Pulau Kemujan dan Pulau Bengkoang Taman Nasional Karimunjawa". Journal of Marine Research 10, nr 1 (14.02.2021): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v10i1.28273.
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Lamun memiliki kemampuan menyimpan karbon di dalam biomassanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai estimasi simpanan karbon dalam biomassa pada vegetasi lamun di Pulau Kemujan serta Pulau Bengkoang, Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Pengambilan data menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan metode Seagrass Watch dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi lamun di lokasi tersebut. Pengukuran estimasi karbon dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Nutrisi Pakan FPP Undip menggunakan metode Loss on Ignition dengan prinsip pengabuan. Jenis lamun yang ditemukan di Pulau Kemujan yaitu Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, dan Cymodocea serrulata, dan pada Pulau Bengkoang ditemukan lamun jenis Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Halophila ovalis, dan Enhalus acoroides. Nilai biomassa bawah substrat dan atas substrat pada Stasiun I Pulau Kemujan (3104,5 gbk/m2 dan 1868 gbk/m2) menunjukkan nilai yang lebih besar dibandingkan nilai biomassa bawah substrat dan atas substrat pada Stasiun II Pulau Bengkoang (714,25 gbk/m2 dan 534,25 gbk/m2). Nilai estimasi simpanan karbon pada Stasiun I yaitu 138,47 – 1533,28 gC/m2 dan pada Stasiun II yaitu 17,02– 498,31 gC/m2. Mayoritas nilai karbon lebih tinggi pada jaringan lamun bawah substrat. Nilai estimasi simpanan karbon sedimen pada Stasiun I yaitu 52,60–339,81 gC/m2 dan 86,85–1329,08 gC/m2 pada Stasiun II. Penelitian ini dapat memberikan informasi mengenai fungsi lain ekosistem lamun yaitu sebagai penyerap karbon sehingga dapat dijadikan edukasi kepada masyarakat umum untuk melestarikan ekosistem lamun sebagai ekosistem yang dapat berperan penting dalam mengatasi masalah emisi gas rumah kaca dan pemanasan global. Seagrass have ability to store carbon mass in their biomass. The aim of this research is to find out the value of carbon stock on seagrass biomass in Kemujan Island and Bengkoang Island seagrass vegetation. The research was retrieval in purposive sampling method and collected seagrass vegetation data by using Seagrass Watch. Measurement of carbon stock estimation held in INP FPP Undip Laboratory by using Loss on Ignition method. The type of seagrass found in Kemujan Island were Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, and Cymodocea serrulata, meanwhile in Bengkoang Island there were found Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Halophila ovalis, and Enhalus acoroides. The value of below ground and above ground biomass in Station I Kemujan Island (3104,5 gbk/m2 dan 1868 gbk/m2) is higher than the value of below ground and above ground biomass in Station II Bengkoang Island (714,25 gbk/m2 and 534,25 gbk/m2). Carbon stock estimation value in Station I is 138,47–1533,28 gC/m2 and 17,02–498,31 gC/m2 in Station II. Most of carbon stock value is higher in below ground seagrass tissue. The value of carbon stock estimation of sediment in Station I is 52,60–339,81 gC/m2 and 86,85–1329,08 gC/m2 in Station II. The research gives information about another function of seagrass, as carbon absorber and can be as education for public to conserve seagrass ecosystem and has important role in resolving greenhouse gas emission and global warming.
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Aragones, Lemnuel, i Helene Marsh. "Impact of Dugong grazing and turtle cropping on tropical seagrass communities". Pacific Conservation Biology 5, nr 4 (1999): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc000277.
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The impact of grazing by two megaherbivores, the Dugong Dugong dugon and the Green Turtle Chelonia mydas on the community structure of intertidal seagrasses was investigated experimentally over two time frames (shorterterm: 1?4 months; longer-term: 10 and 13 months), at three levels of grazing intensity (leaf cropping, light grazing, intensive grazing), at two seagrass meadows in tropical Queensland, Australia: (1) a mixed species bed of Zostera capricorni, Halophila ovalis, Halodule uninervis, Cymodocea rotundata and Cymodocea serrulata, and (2) a monospecific bed of Halodule uninervis, From the perspective of the megaherbivores, grazing improved the structure and dynamics of the tropical seagrass communities by altering their biomass, volume of detritus, net aboveground biomass productivity and the species composition of the mixed-species bed, Recovery from grazing disturbance occurred after several months to a year.
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Putri, Lizha Dwi Mulya, Abdul Rauf i Hamsiah Hamsiah. "STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS DAN PRODUKTIVITAS EKOSISTEM PADANG LAMUN DI PULAU PANNIKIANG SULAWESI SELATAN". JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN TROPICAL FISHERIES (JOINT-FISH) : Jurnal Akuakultur, Teknologi Dan Manajemen Perikanan Tangkap, Ilmu Kelautan 2, nr 2 (29.12.2019): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/joint-fish.v2i2.49.
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This research was conducted with the aim of: Analyzing community structure and productivity of seagrasses. The research was conducted in August to November 2018. Data analysis included community structure analysis and seagrass productivity, then tested using One-Way ANOVA and Duncan's advanced test using the SPSS version 15 program. The results of this study indicate that: Seagrass communities on Pannikiang Island consist of the types Enhalus acoroides, Halophila ovalis, and Cymodocea rotundata, which are dominated by Enhalus acoroides. The type of muddy substrate and seen from its nutrient content, can be categorized in water conditions that are suitable for seagrass life. The result of INP calculation is dominated by Enhalus acoroides, while the highest productivity (biomass) is found in the type of Enhalus acoroides.
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Ali, Suryati M., Jie He, Beverly P. L. Goh i Tsai M. Sin. "Environmental correlates of Thalassia hemprichii status descriptors: an evaluation of tools for diagnostic monitoring". Botanica Marina 61, nr 4 (26.07.2018): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bot-2017-0083.
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AbstractAccurate evaluation of target organisms is fundamental to quantify responses to disturbances, elucidate thresholds and strengthen effective management. Threats to seagrasses in Singapore are excessive nutrients and sedimentation, leading to an evaluation of descriptor utility to detect plant response to nutrient and light availability usingThalassia hemprichiias the model species. A combination of popularly used seagrass physio-morphological descriptors and epibiont biomass were measured to assess plant response to environmental quality. Results showed convincing support for the use of leaf pigments as indicators of light availability and salinity changes. Water column nitrification and phosphorus availability had strong effects on leaf nutrient content, leaf morphology and epibiont biomass. Relationships between leaf length and light contradicted expected patterns, where shorter leaves were associated with lowered light. This may be attributable to hydrodynamic or sedimentation regimes and hence, is not a reliable indicator of light limitation. There was strong support for inclusion of epibiont biomass as part of nutrient response evaluation since this descriptor correlated strongly with water column nutrients and appeared to limit light availability to the seagrass. This study demonstrated the importance of integrating various levels of plant descriptors to reliably assess seagrass status, employing different combination of descriptors to monitor specific stressors.
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Duarte, CM, M. Merino, NSR Agawin, J. Uri, MD Fortes, ME Gallegos, N. Marbá i MA Hemminga. "Root production and belowground seagrass biomass". Marine Ecology Progress Series 171 (1998): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps171097.
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Duarte, Carlos M., i Carina L. Chiscano. "Seagrass biomass and production: a reassessment". Aquatic Botany 65, nr 1-4 (listopad 1999): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3770(99)00038-8.
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LaRoche, Carly K., Benjamin R. Goldstein, Jonathan D. Cybulski, Laurie J. Raymundo, Lillian R. Aoki i Kiho Kim. "Decade of change in Enhalus acoroides seagrass meadows in Guam, Mariana Islands". Marine and Freshwater Research 70, nr 2 (2019): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18062.
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Seagrasses provide important ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration. However, there are significant gaps in our estimates of seagrass coverage, particularly in the western tropical Pacific. In the present study we assessed the status and extent of seagrass meadows, dominated by Enhalus acoroides, around Guam, the largest and most populated island in the Marianas. The combined above- and belowground biomass of E. acoroides (~2300g dry weight m–2) is the highest reported for this species and among the highest for all seagrass species. Elemental analysis of C, N and P revealed variations across site and plant part (i.e. above- v. belowground); N:P ratios suggested N limitation. Between 2004 and 2015, seagrass meadows in Guam decreased in total size by 22%, although it is unclear whether this change was part of a long-term trend and whether it was caused by natural or human factors. The high standing stock of E. acoroides suggests that further examination of this species and this region will be needed to better estimate global seagrass carbon stocks.
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Shafiya, Radila Widya, Ali Djunaedi i Raden Ario. "Estimasi Biomassa dan Simpanan Karbon pada Vegetasi Lamun di Perairan Pantai Jepara". Journal of Marine Research 10, nr 3 (29.07.2021): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v10i3.30998.
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Peningkatan emisi karbon yang berasal dari berbagai aktivitas manusisa dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya pemanasan global. Salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi emisi gas karbon adalah dengan memanfaatkan vegetasi pesisir seperti lamun yang dikenal dengan istilah blue carbon. Ekosistem lamun merupakan salah satu ekosistem pesisir yang dapat menyerap dan menyimpan karbon dalam jumlah yang besar dan dalam waktu yang lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kerapatan, tutupan lamun, nilai biomassa dan simpanan karbon pada lamun di Pantai Blebak dan Pantai Prawean, Kabupaten Jepara. Metode survei dan penentuan lokasi dipilih dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling, sedangkan metode pengambilan data lamun melalui metode line transect quadrant dengan ukuran 50x50 cm yang mengacu pada metode LIPI 2017. Perhitungan kandungan karbon menggunakan metode Loss On Ignition (LOI). Hasil kerapatan lamun total pada Pantai Prawean yaitu sebesar 221,45 ind/m2 dan nilai tutupan total lamun sebesar 45,98%. Kerapatan lamun total pada Pantai Blebak yaitu sebesar 160 ind/m2 dan nilai tutupan total lamun sebesar 41,67%. Nilai biomassa bawah substrat dan atas substrat pada Pantai Prawean (726,25 gbk/m2 dan 500,50 gbk/m2) menunjukkan nilai yang lebih besar dibandingkan nilai biomassa bawah substrat dan atas substrat pada Pantai Blebak (606,50 gbk/m2 dan 370,75 gbk/m2). Total kandungan karbon pada Pantai Prawean adalah 464,10 gC/m2 sedangkan pada Pantai Blebak adalah 357,79 gC/m2. Hasil perhitungan total stok karbon yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa Pantai Prawean memiliki nilai biomassa dan total stok karbon yang lebih tinggi daripada Pantai Blebak. Human activities lead to the increasing of carbon emission, which caused global warming. Seagrass and other coastal vegetation are being used to reduce carbon emission. This is known as blue carbon. The seagrass ecosystem is one of coastal ecosystem that can absorb and stock high amount of carbon in a short period of time. This study was done to determine the density, seagrass coverage, biomass, and carbon stock within the seagrass in Prawean and Blebak Beach, Jepara. Survey method and location determination method were done with purposive sampling method. Whereas, the seagrass data was collected by Line Transect Quadrant method 50x50 cm based on LIPI’s 2017 method. Loss on Ignition method was used to measure the carbon’s content. The density of total seagrass in Prawean beach is 221,45 ind/m2 and the total percentage of seagrass coverage is 45,98%. Total density of seagrass in Blebak Beach is 160 ind/m2 with a coverage percentage of 41,67%. The biomass below the substrate level and above the substrate level in Prawean Beach (726,25 gbk/m2 and 500,50 gbk/m2) showed a bigger amount than the amount of biomass in Blebak Beach (606,50 gbk/m2 and 370,75 gbk/m2). Total amount of carbon in Prawean is 464,10 gC/m2 meanwhile in Blebak, the amount of carbon is 357,79 gC/m2. The results of the total carbon stock obtained indicate that Prawean Beach has higher biomass and total carbon stock values than Blebak Beach.
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Armitage, A. R., i J. W. Fourqurean. "Carbon storage in seagrass soils: long-term nutrient history exceeds the effects of near-term nutrient enrichment". Biogeosciences 13, nr 1 (15.01.2016): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-313-2016.
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Abstract. The carbon sequestration potential in coastal soils is linked to aboveground and belowground plant productivity and biomass, which in turn, is directly and indirectly influenced by nutrient input. We evaluated the influence of long-term and near-term nutrient input on aboveground and belowground carbon accumulation in seagrass beds, using a nutrient enrichment (nitrogen and phosphorus) experiment embedded within a naturally occurring, long-term gradient of phosphorus availability within Florida Bay (USA). We measured organic carbon stocks in soils and above- and belowground seagrass biomass after 17 months of experimental nutrient addition. At the nutrient-limited sites, phosphorus addition increased the carbon stock in aboveground seagrass biomass by more than 300 %; belowground seagrass carbon stock increased by 50–100 %. Soil carbon content slightly decreased ( ∼ 10 %) in response to phosphorus addition. There was a strong but non-linear relationship between soil carbon and Thalassia testudinum leaf nitrogen : phosphorus (N : P) or belowground seagrass carbon stock. When seagrass leaf N : P exceeded an approximate threshold of 75 : 1, or when belowground seagrass carbon stock was less than 100 g m−2, there was less than 3 % organic carbon in the sediment. Despite the marked difference in soil carbon between phosphorus-limited and phosphorus-replete areas of Florida Bay, all areas of the bay had relatively high soil carbon stocks near or above the global median of 1.8 % organic carbon. The relatively high carbon content in the soils indicates that seagrass beds have extremely high carbon storage potential, even in nutrient-limited areas with low biomass or productivity.
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Armitage, A. R., i J. W. Fourqurean. "Carbon storage in seagrass soils: long-term nutrient history exceeds the effects of near-term nutrient enrichment". Biogeosciences Discussions 12, nr 19 (2.10.2015): 16285–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-16285-2015.
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Abstract. The carbon sequestration potential in coastal soils is linked to aboveground and belowground plant productivity and biomass, which in turn, is directly and indirectly influenced by nutrient input. We evaluated the influence of long-term and near-term nutrient input on aboveground and belowground carbon accumulation in seagrass beds, using a nutrient enrichment (nitrogen and phosphorus) experiment embedded within a naturally occurring, long-term gradient of phosphorus availability within Florida Bay (USA). We measured organic carbon stocks in soils and above- and belowground seagrass biomass after 17 months of experimental nutrient addition. At the nutrient-limited sites, phosphorus addition increased the carbon stock in aboveground seagrass biomass by more than 300 %; belowground seagrass carbon stock increased by 50–100 %. Soil carbon content slightly decreased (~ 10 %) in response to phosphorus addition. There was a strong but non-linear relationship between soil carbon and Thalassia testudinum leaf nitrogen: phosphorus (N : P) or belowground seagrass carbon stock. When seagrass leaf N : P exceeded a threshold of 75 : 1, or when belowground seagrass carbon stock was less than 100 g m−2, there was less than 3 % organic carbon in the sediment. Despite the marked difference in soil carbon between phosphorus-limited and phosphorus-replete areas of Florida Bay, all areas of the bay had relatively high soil carbon stocks near or above the global median of 1.8 % organic carbon. The relatively high carbon content in the soils indicates that seagrass beds have extremely high carbon storage potential, even in nutrient-limited areas with low biomass or productivity.
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Ondiviela, Bárbara, Lina Fernández, Araceli Puente, Gerardo García-Castrillo i José A. Juanes. "Characterization of a resilient seagrass meadow during a decline period". Scientia Marina 82, nr 1 (20.03.2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04616.18a.
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Seagrasses are globally threatened ecosystems with essential ecological roles. An important limitation in seagrass conservation efforts is the poor understanding of resilient meadows. The present work studies a meadow, which maintained a large population of Zostera marina and Zostera noltei, during the decline of seagrasses in the Bay of Santander (from 1984 to 2000). The work examines resilience parameters related to the biological traits (biomass, density, length and width of the leaves) and to the associated benthic assemblages. The maturity of the meadow and the changing environmental conditions induced by the torrential regime of the Miera River, have likely improved the resistance to the periods of stress. The adaptation to these fluctuating conditions is reflected in a high seasonal and spatial variability in the biomass, density, morphological traits and benthic assemblages. These variations are related to the summer peaks in the PAR, the sea surface temperature and the freshwater influence along the discharge of the Miera River. This work provides the first seagrass data in Cantabria. The data are dated in the early 2000s and constitute a baseline study for the Bay of Biscay.
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Ganefiani, Ajeng, Suryanti Suryanti i Nurul Latifah. "POTENSI PADANG LAMUN SEBAGAI PENYERAP KARBON DI PERAIRAN PULAU KARIMUNJAWA, TAMAN NASIONAL KARIMUNJAWA (Ability of Seagrass Beds as Carbon Sink in The Waters of Karimunjawa Island, Karimunjawa National Park )". SAINTEK PERIKANAN : Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology 14, nr 2 (14.02.2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijfst.14.2.115-122.
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Perubahan iklim disebabkan karena meningkatnya kandungan Gas Rumah Kaca seperti karbon dioksida (CO2), klorofluorokarbon (CFC), ozon (O3), dinitro oksida (N2O), metana (CH4), heksafluorida (SF6), hidrofluorokarbon (HFCS), perfluorokarbon (PFCS)). Diantara kedelapan gas tersebut, konsentrasi gas CO2 di atmosfer memiliki kontribusi terbesar yaitu lebih dari 55% dari total efek GRK yang ditimbulkan. Salah satu upaya pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan untuk menurunkan emisi GRK adalah dengan memanfaatkan lautan dan ekosistem pesisir sebagai penyerap CO2 alami (natural CO2 sink). Lamun merupakan tumbuhan laut yang berkontribusi terhadap penyerapan karbon melalui proses fotosintesis yang kemudian disimpan dalam bentuk biomassa pada bagian daun, rhizoma dan akar. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui jenis lamun, kerapatan dan tutupan lamun serta potensi penyerapan karbon dalam biomassa berupa jaringan atas substrat dan bawah substrat lamun yang dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2018 di Pulau Karimunjawa. Identifikasi jenis lamun dilakukan dengan melihat panduan buku seagrasswatch, kerapatan dan tutupan dilakukan dengan metode transek kuadran. Analisis kandungan karbon dilakukan dengan metode pengabuan. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 8 jenis lamun yaitu Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila minor, Halodule uninervis, Halophila ovalis dan Syringodium isoetifolium. Thalassia hemprichii dan Cymodocea rotundata memiliki nilai kerapatan tertinggi dengan kerapatan mencapai 450 ind/m2 dan 1204 ind/m2. Nilai biomassa dibagian bawah susbtrat berkisar 970,39 - 1.412.55 gbk/m2 yang lebih besar dibandingkan nilai biomassa lamun dibagian atas substrat berkisar 371, 88 - 546, 38 gbk/m2 diikuti nilai penyerapan karbon dibagian bawah substrat (akar dan rhizoma) berkisar antara 12,60 – 93,62 gC/m2, sementara kandungan karbon dibagian atas substrat (daun) berkisar antara 4,19 – 34,12 gC/m2. Total stok karbon di perairan Pulau Karimunjawa berkisar antara 1,28 ton karbon – 2,49 ton karbon atau sebesar 0,50 – 0,73 ton karbon/ha Climate change is caused by increasing greenhouse gases content such as carbon dioxide (CO2), chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), ozone (O3), dinitro oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), hexafluoride (SF6), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCS), perfluorocarbons (PFCS) )). Among the eight gases, the concentration of CO2 gas in the atmosphere has the largest contribution, which is more than 55% of the total GHG effects generated. One of the preventive measures that can be taken to reduce GHG emissions is to use the oceans and coastal ecosystems as natural CO2 sinks. Seagrass is a marine plant that contributes to carbon sequestration through photosynthesis which is then stored in the form of biomass in the leaves, rhizomes and roots. This research aims to know the types of seagrass, seagrass cover and potential density of biomass carbon of above the substrate (leaves) and below the substrate seagrass (roots and rhizomes) in March 2018 at Karimunjawa Island. The identification of seagrass types used guidance book of seagrasswatch and the identification of seagrass cover and density was carried out using transect quadrant method. Analysis carbon content used ashing method. The result of the present study found 8 species of seagrasses that Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila minor, Halodule uninervis, Halodule ovalis and Syringodium isoetifolium. Thalassia hemprichii and Cymodocea rotundata have the highest density value reached 450 ind/m2 and 1,204 ind/m2. Value biomass below substrate ranged from 970.39 to 1.412.55 gbk/m2 which is greater than the value biomass above the substrate ranged from 371, 88 - 546, 38 gbk/m2 followed by the value of the carbon adsorption in below the substrate (roots and rhizomes) ranged from 12.60 to 93.63 gC/m2, whilst the carbon content above the substrate (leaves) ranged from 4.19 to 34.12 gC/m2. Total carbon stock in the waters of Karimunjawa Island ranged from 1.28 – 2.49 tons of carbon or of 0.50 to 0.73 tons of carbon/ha.
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Alelo, Meske Leny, Khristin I. F. Kondoy i Ruddy D. Moningkey. "Seagrass Thalassia hemprichii Biomass in Waleo Waters, Kema District, Minahasa Utara Regency". JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX 6, nr 1 (3.05.2018): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.6.1.2018.19544.
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This study was aimed at knowing the aquati environmental condition, the fresh weight and ry weight of root, rhizome, and leaf of Thalassia hemprichii, and the ratio of seagrass biomass of Thalassia hemprichii with sampling sites.It was done in Waleo waters, Kema district, Minahasa Utara regency. Data collection used 50×50 cm quadrat, and each T. hemprichii in the quadrat was removed. Water temperature and salinity were measured. Each study site was photographed.This study was done at the lowest tide in 3 locations, near mangrove forest, in the seagrass bed, and coral reefs. Seagrass samples were put in separated plastic bags with location, placed in the cool box, ans brought to the laboratory for further analysis. The samples were cleansed and put in the alcohol-containing plastic bag. Then, the samples were dried and weighed. Results showed that the highest biomass occurred in root, then leaf, and rhizome for all study sites. Keywords: seagrass, biomass, Thalassia hemprichii. ABSTRAKTujuan Penelitian adapun tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kondisi lingkungan perairan di lokasi penelitian, untuk mengetahui berapa besar berat basah dan berat kering dari bagian-bagian (akar, rhizoma, dan daun) dari lamun Thalassia hemprichii, untuk mengetahui perbandingan biomassa dari lamun Thalassia hemprichii berdasarkan masing-masing stasiun pengambilan sampel. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Perairan Waleo Kecamatan Kema Minahasa Utara. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuadaran 50×50 cm, dan setiap lamun Thalassia hemprichii di dalam kuadran dicabut. Suhu dan salnitas air juga diukur. Lokasi penelitian diambil gambar bawah air. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada saat surut terrendah dekat hutan mangrove, di hamparan lamunn dan daerah terumbu karang. Sampel lamun dimasukan ke dalam plastik di pisahkan sesuai sub lokasi, sampel di masukan kedalam cool box dan di bawah ke laboratorium untuk di teliti. Lamun dicuci bersih menggunakan air bersih dan diisi dalam plastik sampel dengan memakai alkohol. Lamun di bawah ke laboratorium akan di keringkan dan ditimbang. Hasil biomassa lamun Thalassia hemprichii di lokasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biomassa tertinggi terdapat pada akar, kemudian daun, dan batang.Kata Kunci : Lamun, Biomassa, Thalassia hemprichii.
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Ratnasari, Viny, Ali Djunaedi i Adi Santoso. "Simpanan Karbon Enhalus acoroides LF. Royle 1839 (Angiosperms: Hydrocharitaceae) di Pantai Gelaman dan Pantai Alang-Alang, Karimunjawa Jepara". Journal of Marine Research 9, nr 1 (20.02.2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v9i1.25303.
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ABSTRAK: Perubahan iklim disebabkan oleh berbagai aktifitas kegiatan manusia yang menghasilkan gas karbon diokasida ke atmosfer bumi yang akan berdampak pada pemanasan global. Ekosistem padang lamun memiliki kemampuan untuk menyerap dan menyimpan karbon dalam jumlah besar dari atmosfer yang dapat mengurangi emisi karbon. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kerapatan, tutupan lamun, biomassa dan simpanan karbon pada lamun Enhalus acoroides di Pantai Gelaman dan Pantai Alang-Alang. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei dan penentuan lokasi dipilih dengan menggunakan metode line transect quadrant yang mengacu pada metode LIPI. Sampling dilakukan pada titik 50 m setiap substasiun dengan metode pencuplikan. Pengukuran karbon pada sampel lamun menggunakan metode LOI.Kerapatan lamun di Stasiun 1 sebesar 1235 ind/m2 dan nilai tutupan lamun sebesar 68,76%. Kerapatan Stasiun 2 sebesar 1135 ind/m2 dan tutupan lamun sebesar 51,78%. Nilai rata-rata estimasi simpanan karbon lamun Enhalus acoroides di Stasiun 1sebesar 119.27 gC/m2 dan di Stasiun 2 sebesar 91.57 gC/m2. ABSTRACT: Climate change is caused by various human activities that produce carbon dioxide gas into the earth atmosphere which will have an impact on global warming. Seagrass ecosystem is able to absorb and store large number of carbon from the atmosphere that can reduce carbon emissions. This research were to determine the density, seagrass cover, biomass and carbon storage in seagrasses at Gelaman Beach (Station 1) and Alang-Alang Beach (Station 2). Survey and sampling. Were conducted using quadrant transect referring to LIPI method. Observation of the density value, the percentage of seagrass coverage was conducted in all points, while the sampling was conducted at the point 50 m on each substation by sampling method. Carbon measurement in seagrass sample used LOI method. Total seagrass density in Station 1 was 1235 ind/m2 and the total value of seagrass percentage cover was 68,76%. Total seagrass density in Station 2 was 1135 ind/m2 and total value of seagrass percentage cover was 51,78%. Average value for carbon savings estimated seagrass Enhalus acoroides in Station 1 was 119.27 gC/m2 and Station 2 was 91.57 gC/m2.
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Coles, RG, WJ Lee Long, RA Watson i KJ Derbyshire. "Distribution of seagrasses, and their fish and penaeid prawn communities, in Cairns harbour, a tropical estuary, Northern Queensland, Australia". Marine and Freshwater Research 44, nr 1 (1993): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9930193.
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From aerial photography (July 1987) and diving surveys (February 1988), 876 ha of seagrasses (eight species) were mapped in Cairns Harbour, tropical north-eastern Queensland. Zostera capricorni was the most common seagrass species and had the greatest biomass at 79 g m-2 dry weight of stems and leaves and 180 g m-2 dry weight of roots and rhizomes. The maximum shoot density found was 4798 shoots m-2 of Halodule pinifolia, the second most common species. Seagrasses were found only between 0.5 and 5.0 m below mean sea level. Zostera capricorni was found at the shallowest depths, Halodule pinifolia at the deepest depths. Twenty species of penaeid prawns, nine of which are marketed commercially, were sampled from the seagrass beds. Abundances of prawns of commercial species were significantly greater on seagrass-covered substrata than on nonvegetated substrata. Overall, 5614 mostly small or juvenile fish, representing 134 taxa, were sampled from seagrasses in Cairns Harbour. The most numerous fish species were a goby, Yongeichthys criniger, and a pony fish, Leiognathus splendens. Only 15 species were highly valued as recreational fish, and only 11 species were highly valued as commercial fish. Of the fish species, five (4%) were highly valued species of both groups. The density of fish on the seagrass beds was estimated to be 8809 fish ha-1.
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Ningrum, Kiki Pebli, Hadi Endrawati i Ita Riniatsih. "Simpanan Karbon pada Ekosistem Lamun di Perairan Alang – Alang dan Perairan Pancuran Karimunjawa, Jawa Tengah". Journal of Marine Research 9, nr 3 (16.07.2020): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v9i3.27558.
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ABSTRAK : Emisi gas CO2 berkontribusi tinggi terhadap pemanasan global. Karbon merupakan unsur yang berasal dari pengikatan CO2 oleh tumbuhan melalui fotosintesis. Hutan mengalami penurunan sehingga sektor laut perlu di berdayakan. Kemampuan lamun mengikat karbon dikenal sebagai blue carbon. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui estimasi karbon ekosistem lamun di Perairan Alang – Alang dan Perairan Pancuran Pulau Karimunjawa, sehingga dapat mengurangi pemanasan global. Metode penelitian di lapangan yaitu metode SeagrassWatch dan di laboratorium yaitu Metode Loss of Ignition (LOI). Hasil spesies lamun di lokasi penelitian yaitu Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Halodule ovalis, dan Halodule uninervis. Kerapatan lamun pada Lokasi 1 berkisar 84,00 tgk/m2 – 202,91 tgk/m2 dan pada Lokasi 2 berkisar 105,09 tgk/m2 – 285,09 tgk/m2. Biomassa lamun terbesar pada Lokasi 1 yaitu Enhalus acoroides dengan nilai 1811,38 gbk/m2 dan biomassa lamun terkecil Cymodocea rotundata dengan nilai 25,72 gbk/m2. Biomassa lamun terbesar pada Lokasi 2 yaitu Enhalus acoroides dengan nilai 733,20 gbk/m2 dan biomassa lamun terkecil Halodule uninervis dengan nilai 0,47 gbk/m2. Karbon lamun terbesar pada Lokasi 1 yaitu Enhalus acoroides dengan nilai 35.538,12 gC/m2, dan terkecil Cymodocea rotundata dengan nilai 473,24 gC/m2. Karbon lamun terbesar pada Lokasi 2 yaitu Thalassia hemprichii dengan nilai 14.309,39 gC/m2 dan terkecil Halodule uninervis dengan nilai 5,80 gC/m2. Karbon sedimen pada Lokasi 1 berkisar 1,581 gC/m2 – 1,871 gC/m2 dan Lokasi 2 berkisar 0,841 gC/m2– 1,45 gC/m2. Kandungan terbesar karbon terdapat pada bagian bawah substrat, karena bagian atas substrat karbon mudah hilang oleh faktor lingkungan (gelombang, arus, dan ulah manusia), sedangkan pada bawah substrat karbon terakumulasi baik. ABSTRACT: CO2 contribute high to global warming. Carbon is an element derived from binding of CO2 by plants through photosynthesis. Forests have declined so the marine sector (blue carbon) needs to be priority. The purpose this study was to determine the carbon seagrass ecosystem estimation in Alang - Alang and Pancuran Waters Karimunjawa Island, so can to reduce global warming. The research method in the field is SeagrassWatch method and in the laboratory is Loss of Ignition Method. The results species at location were Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Halodule ovalis, and Halodule uninervis. The density seagrass Location 1 is 84.00-202.91 tgk/m2 and Location 2 is 105.09-285.09 tgk/m2. The largest seagrass biomass at Location 1 is Enhalus acoroides with a value 1811.38 gbk/m2 and the smallest seagrass biomass Cymodocea rotundata with a value 25.72 gbk/m2. The largest seagrass biomass at Location 2 is Enhalus acoroides with a value 733.20 gbk/m2 and the smallest seagrass biomass Halodule uninervis with a value 0.47 gbk/m2. The biggest seagrass carbon at Location 1 is Enhalus acoroides with a value 35,538.12 gC/m2, and the smallest Cymodocea rotundata with a value 473.24 gC/m2. The biggest seagrass carbon at Location 2 is Thalassia hemprichii with a value 14,309.39 gC/m2 and the smallest Halodule uninervis with a value 5.80 gC/m2. Sediment carbon at Location 1 1.581-1.871 gC/m2 and Location 2 0.841-1.45 gC/m2. The largest carbon content in bellow substrate, because on above substrate easily lost by environmental factors, while in the bellow substrate carbon accumulates well.
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Yoshikawa, Kentaro, Takeshi Tomiyama i Jun Shoji. "Temporal changes of the fish community in a seagrass bed after disappearance of vegetation caused by disturbance of the sea bottom and sediment deposition". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 99, nr 8 (14.10.2019): 1857–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315419000845.
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AbstractTo investigate the response of the fish community structure to a natural disturbance in their habitat, fish abundance, biomass and species composition were analysed in relation to temporal variability of environmental conditions in a seagrass Zostera marina bed. A total of 3024 fishes belonging to 46 taxa (22 families) were collected by quantitative sampling for 10 years from 2007 to 2016 in the Seto Inland Sea, south-western Japan. Seagrass shoot density decreased to less than 1/20 of its original density after disappearance of vegetation caused by heavy rain in the autumn of 2011 and the area did not recover for the next five years. In order to analyse temporal changes of fish community, the fishes were divided into three groups depending on their habitats or lifestyles: pelagic or migratory species (PM), sand or mud bottom-associated species (SM) and seagrass (Z. marina) – or substrate (rocky bottom including macrophytes) – associated species (ZS). Multiple regression analysis showed seagrass shoot density had the most significant effect on biomass of ZS among the three groups, with higher fish biomass under higher seagrass shoot density. Fish community composition changed after the disappearance of the seagrass vegetation coverage with an increase in abundance of SM during the five years of the post-disturbance period. Seagrass vegetation was concluded to affect temporal change of fish community structure through a stronger influence on fish species that are more dependent on seagrass beds as habitat.
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Duarte, CM. "Temporal biomass variability and production/biomass relationships of seagrass communities". Marine Ecology Progress Series 51 (1989): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps051269.
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