Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Seagrass

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Seagrass”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 7 lipca 2024

Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych

Wybierz rodzaj źródła:

Spis treści

Zobacz listy aktualnych artykułów, książek, rozpraw, streszczeń i innych źródeł naukowych na temat „Seagrass”.

Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.

Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.

Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Seagrass"

1

Ahmad-Kamil, E. I., R. Ramli, S. A. Jaaman, J. Bali i J. R. Al-Obaidi. "The Effects of Water Parameters on Monthly Seagrass Percentage Cover in Lawas, East Malaysia". Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/892746.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Seagrass is a valuable marine ecosystem engineer. However, seagrass population is declining worldwide. The lack of seagrass research in Malaysia raises questions about the status of seagrasses in the country. The seagrasses in Lawas, which is part of the coral-mangrove-seagrass complex, have never been studied in detail. In this study, we examine whether monthly changes of seagrass population in Lawas occurred. Data on estimates of seagrass percentage cover and water physicochemical parameters (pH, turbidity, salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen) were measured at 84 sampling stations established within the study area from June 2009 to May 2010. Meteorological data such as total rainfall, air temperature, and Southern Oscillation Index were also investigated. Our results showed that (i) the monthly changes of seagrass percentage cover are significant, (ii) the changes correlated significantly with turbidity measurements, and (iii) weather changes affected the seagrass populations. Our study indicates seagrass percentage increased during the El-Nino period. These results suggest that natural disturbances such as weather changes affect seagrass populations. Evaluation of land usage and measurements of other water physicochemical parameters (such as heavy metal, pesticides, and nutrients) should be considered to assess the health of seagrass ecosystem at the study area.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
2

Zabarte-Maeztu, Iñigo, Fleur E. Matheson, Merilyn Manley-Harris, Robert J. Davies-Colley, Megan Oliver i Ian Hawes. "Effects of Fine Sediment on Seagrass Meadows: A Case Study of Zostera muelleri in Pāuatahanui Inlet, New Zealand". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, nr 9 (21.08.2020): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8090645.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Seagrass meadows are vulnerable to fine sediment (mud) pollution, with impacts usually attributed to reduction in submerged light. Here we tested two non-exclusive hypotheses, that mud particles (<63 µm) impact seagrasses through both (1) the light climate and (2) changes in substrate physico-chemistry. We tested these hypotheses in Pāuatahanui Inlet, New Zealand, by comparing seagrass presence, abundance, and health, together with light climate and substrate physico-chemistry at contrasting habitats where (1) seagrass used to thrive but no longer grows (historical seagrass), (2) seagrass still persists (existing seagrass) and (3) seagrass has been present recently, but not currently (potential seagrass). Historical seagrass substrate had significantly higher mud (35% average), bulk density (1.5 g cm−3), porewater ammonium concentration (65 µM), and a more reduced redox profile (negative redox at only 2 cm soil depth) as well as a lower light availability when submerged compared to other habitats, while total daily light exposure differed little between habitats. This suggests that failure of seagrass to recolonize historical seagrass habitat reflects substrate muddiness and consequent unfavorable rhizosphere conditions. Our results provide evidence for the multi-stressor effects of fine sediment on seagrasses, with substrate suitability for seagrass being detrimentally affected even where light exposure seems sufficient.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
3

Batuwael, Anggi Wawan, i Dominggus Rumahlatu. "ASOSIASI GASTROPODA DENGAN TUMBUHAN LAMUN DI PERAIRAN PANTAI NEGERI TIOUW KECAMATAN SAPARUA KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH". Biopendix: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan dan Terapan 4, nr 2 (22.05.2019): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/biopendixvol4issue2page109-116.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Background: Seagrasses are flowering plants (Angiosperms) that are able to adapt fully in waters with high salinity or live immersed in water. Seagrass has true rhizomes, leaves and roots like plants on land. Seagrasses usually form fields called seagrass beds, especially in tropical and sub-tropical regions. The existence of seagrasses is known to support fishing activities, shellfish communities and other invertebrate biota. Method: This study is a descriptive study to reveal information about environmental characteristics, and associations of seagrasses with gastropods. Results: The study found a class of gastropods, 10 species namely Strombus variabilis, Strombus microurceus, Nassariusl uridus, Nassarius dorsatus, Strombus urceus, Cypraea annulus, Strombus labiatus, Strombus marginatus, Neritas quamulata, Cypraeratigris. Of the seagrass plants found 4 species, namely Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila ovalis, Cymodocea rotundata. Association values ​​ranged from 4.159-8.85 with positive and negative types. This means that both types of seagrass are often found together or not found together in each observation box. Conclusion: There is a weak association between seagrass and gastropods in the coastal waters of Tiouw State. The association of gastropod types with seagrass species is found in 10 types of gastropods and 4 types of seagrasses in the waters of the Tiouw State coast
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
4

Short, Frederick T., i Sandy Wyllie-Echeverria. "Natural and human-induced disturbance of seagrasses". Environmental Conservation 23, nr 1 (marzec 1996): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900038212.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
SummaryMany natural and human-induced events create disturbances in seagrasses throughout the world, but quantifying losses of habitat is only beginning. Over the last decade, 90000 ha of seagrass loss have been documented although the actual area lost is certainly greater. Seagrasses, an assemblage of marine flowering plant species, are valuable structural and functional components of coastal ecosystems and are currently experiencing worldwide decline. This group of plants is known to support a complex trophic food web and a detritus-based food chain, as well as to provide sediment and nutrient filtration, sediment stabilization, and breeding and nursery areas for finfish and shellfish.We define disturbance, natural or human-induced, as any event that measurably alters resources available to seagrasses so that a plant response is induced that results in degradation or loss. Applying this definition, we find a common thread in many seemingly unrelated seagrass investigations. We review reports of seagrass loss from both published and ‘grey’ literature and evaluate the types of disturbances that have caused seagrass decline and disappearance. Almost certainly more seagrass has been lost globally than has been documented or even observed, but the lack of comprehensive monitoring and seagrass. mapping makes an assessment of true loss of this resource impossible to determine.Natural disturbances that are most commonly responsible for seagrass loss include hurricanes, earthquakes, disease, and grazing by herbivores. Human activities most affecting seagrasses are those which alter water quality or clarity: nutrient and sediment loading from runoff and sewage disposal, dredging and filling, pollution, upland development, and certain fishing practices. Seagrasses depend on an adequate degree of water clarity to sustain productivity in their submerged environment. Although natural events have been responsible for both large-scale and local losses of seagrass habitat, our evaluation suggests that human population expansion is now the most serious cause of seagrass habitat loss, and specifically that increasing anthropogenic inputs to the coastal oceans are primarily responsible for the world-wide decline in seagrasses.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
5

Wardono, Suko, Elland Yupa Sobhytta, I. Gusti Ngurah Agung Dhananjaya, Rodo Lasniroha, Yuniarti Karina Pumpun, Mochammad Miftakhul Mashuda, Dewa Gde Tri Bodhi Saputra i Permana Yudiarso. "Association Analysis of Seagrass Coverage and Human Activities in Nusa Lembongan". Jurnal Biodjati 7, nr 2 (30.11.2022): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v7i2.20307.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Nusa Lembongan has high marine biodiversity, including seagrass. Seagrass is a plant that lives submerged in a marine or estuary water that functions as a nursery ground, trapping sediment, and beach protector, so it is important to know the condition of seagrass coverage, especially in Nusa Lembongan for managing the Nusa Penida Marine Protected Area. This study aimed to understand the condition of seagrass coverage and the factors influencing the existence of its ecosystem in Nusa Lembongan. According to reslut in two stations, it was found that six of the twelve types of seagrasses in Indonesia, namely Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea serrulata, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule pinifolia, and Halophila ovalis. From the two stations (LMB01 and LMB02), the total seagrass coverage was 38.10±30.98% or the medium category. The seagrass communities in the station areas were generally formed by 3 types of seagrasses; Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea serrulata, and Cymodocea rotundata. LMB02 has higher seagrass coverage than LMB01. The seagrass coverage is inversely proportional to the intensity of human activity.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
6

Ramesh, Chatragadda, i Raju Mohanraju. "Seagrass Ecosystems of Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Status and Future Perspective". Environmental and Earth Sciences Research Journal 7, nr 4 (31.12.2020): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/eesrj.070407.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Seagrasses are unique marine flowering plants that play an important ecological role by yielding primary production and carbon sequestration to the marine environment. Seagrass ecosystems are rich in organic matter, supporting the growth of bio-medically important epi and endophytic microorganisms and harbor rich marine biodiversity. They are an essential food source for endangered Andaman state animal Dugongs. Seagrasses are very sensitive to water quality changes, and therefore they serve as ecological bio-indicators for environmental changes. The benthic components in and around the seagrass beds support a significant food chain for other Micro and organisms apart from fishery resources. The epiphytic bacterial communities of the leaf blades support the sustenance against the diseases. Recent reports have shown that the loss of seagrass beds in tropical and temperate regions emphasizes the depletion of these resources, and proper management of seagrass is urgent. The decline of seagrass will impact primary production, biodiversity, and adjacent ecosystems, such as reefs. Therefore, restoring the seagrass meadows could be possible with effective implementing management programs, including seagrass meadows in marine protected areas, restoration projects, seagrass transplantation, implementation of legislative rules, monitoring coastal water quality and human activities in the coastal zone. Lacunas on the seagrass ecosystem management in Andaman & Nicobar Islands are addressed.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
7

Mascarinas, Honey Jane, i Otadoy Julie B. "Seagrass Diversity and Distribution in Maribojoc Bay, Bohol, Philippines". American Journal of Environment and Climate 1, nr 1 (3.05.2022): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajec.v1i1.217.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Seagrasses are major parts of coastal and marine biodiversity. Unfortunately, these aquatic plants and their ecological values are virtually unknown to many Filipinos. This study assessed the seagrasses in Maribojoc Bay, particularly in the coastal areas of the three municipalities, namely Maribojoc, Dauis, Panglao, and the City of Tagbilaran. Ecological assessments were conducted to determine the composition, abundance, distribution, percent cover, diversity, dominance, and evenness of seagrass species. Eight sampling sites were surveyed from October to December 2020. Seven seagrass species were identified, with Thalassia hemprichii as the most abundant (52.79%). There was a significant difference (p>0.05) in seagrass species relative abundance. The Shannon diversity index implies low diversity (H’=1.40) of seagrass species. High dominance (2.98) and low evenness (0.72) were attributed to the high abundance of T. hemprichii in the seagrass beds. The seagrass coverage was characterized by patchy and continuous meadows, with percentage cover ranging from 17.45% (poor) – 60% (good). Maribojoc Bay had a seagrass percentage cover of 38.65%, which can be classified under “fair” conditions. Seagrass community structure implies sparse coverage and low diversity, probably due to the deterioration of once-continuous meadows. However, further studies concerning seagrass communities are recommended in order to implement rehabilitation program or improve current management in Maribojoc Bay.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
8

Irwan, Anisa, Calvyn F. A. Sondak, Sandra O. Tilaar, Esther D. A. Angkouw, Agung B. Windarto i Billy Th Wagey. "STUKTUR KOMUNITAS PADANG LAMUN DI SEKITAR DESA TOSEHO KECAMATAN OBA KOTA TIDORE KEPULAUAN". JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 11, nr 3 (10.01.2024): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.11.3.2023.53666.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Seagrasses are flowering plants that are fully adapted to being immersed in seawater. Seagrass plants consist of rhizomes, leaves and roots. This study aims to identify the types of seagrasses and determine the structure of seagrass community. This research was conducted in July 2023 around Toseho Village, Oba Subdistrict, Tidore City Kepulaun with coordinate points on transect 1 which is 0°21'20.72 "U, 127°38'58.46 "T. on transect 2 0°21'21.78 "U, 127°38'57.32 "T and on transect 3 which is 0°21'22.86 "U, 127°38'56.14 "T. The method used in this research is quadrant line transect method. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there are 6 types of seagras in Toseho Village, namely Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata, Halophila ovalis, Halodule univervis and Sryngodium isoetifolium. From the results of data analysis, it was found that Thalassia hemprichii was the most dominating seagrass species in each of the 3 quadrant transects. Seagrass species diversity in Toseho Village has a medium level of species diversity (1 ≤H'≤3 Medium species diversity).Keywords: Seagrass, Community Structure, Toseho Village ABSTRAKLamun merupakan tumbuhan berbunga yang sepenuhnya menyesuaikan diri untuk terbenam dalam air laut. Tumbuhan lamun terdiri dari rhizome, daun dan akar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasih jenis-jenis lamun dan mengetahui struktur komunitas padang lamun. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2023 di sekitar Desa Toseho Kecamatan Oba Kota Tidore Kepulaun dengan titik kordinat pada transek 1 yaitu 0°21’20.72”U, 127°38’58.46”T. pada transek 2 0°21’21.78”U, 127°38’57.32”T dan pada transek 3 yaitu 0°21’22.86”U, 127°38’56.14”T. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode line transek kuadran. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ditemukannya 6 jenis lamun di Desa Toseho yaitu Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata, Halophila ovalis, Halodule univervis dan Sryngodium isoetifolium. Dari hasil analisi data didapatkan bahwa Thalassia hemprichii merupakan jenis lamun yang paling mendominasi di setiap 3 transek kuadran. Kenekaraman jenis lamun di Desa Toseho memiliki tingkat keanekaragaman jenis sedang (1 ≤H′ ≤ 3 Keanekaragaman spesies sedang).Kata Kunci: Seagrass, Community Structure, Toseho Village
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
9

Hirst, A. J., K. Giri, D. Ball i R. S. Lee. "Determination of the physical drivers of Zostera seagrass distribution using a spatial autoregressive lag model". Marine and Freshwater Research 68, nr 9 (2017): 1752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16252.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Seagrass mapping has become a key tool in understanding the causes of change in seagrass habitats. The present study demonstrates a method for examining relationships between seagrass habitat polygons and environmental data generated by hydrodynamic, wave, catchment and dispersion models. Seagrass abundance data are highly spatially autocorrelated and this effect was corrected using a spatially simultaneous autoregressive lag model (SSARLM). The physical processes that determine the spatial distribution of seagrass in Port Phillip Bay, Australia, were investigated by examining the links between seagrass distribution and abundance and broadscale hydrodynamic (waves, currents), physical (light, depth, salinity and temperature) and catchment (nutrient and suspended sediment concentrations) processes. The SSARLM indicated that the distribution of Zostera spp. meadows is principally constrained by two physical thresholds, namely, wave height or exposure and light. The former excludes seagrasses from colonising wave-exposed coastlines, whereas the latter directly determines the depth profile of seagrasses through its influence on light availability. In total, 95% of all seagrass occurred within grid cells with a mean significant wave height of <0.38m and a mean percentage irradiance of >33% surface levels. By comparison, variation in water quality, represented by variables such as modelled total nitrogen, suspended solids or salinity, had little influence on seagrass distribution.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
10

Lee, Kevin M., Megan Ballard, Kyle Capistrant-Fossa, Andrew R. McNeese, Colby W. Cushing, Thomas S. Jerome, Preston S. Wilson i Kenneth H. Dunton. "Temporal dependence of acoustic propagation in a seagrass meadow over diurnal and annual timescales". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, nr 3_supplement (1.03.2023): A26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018032.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Seagrasses serve major ecological roles in biodiversity promotion, coastal protection, and nutrient cycling. Furthermore, seagrasses have been proposed as a nature-based solution to mitigate effects of climate change due to their capacity for sequestering marine carbon. Current global estimates of seagrass coverage are uncertain; therefore, developing improved methods to assess seagrass coverage and rates of decline are critical to promote sustainable seagrass conservation efforts. Acoustic propagation in seagrass meadows is highly sensitive to oxygen bubble production via photosynthesis and gas volumes encapsulated within seagrass tissue, both acting as biophysical markers. This paper discusses an acoustic method to monitor seagrass oxygen production and biomass with high temporal resolution and over long time-scales. An 18-month acoustic propagation experiment was conducted in a seagrass meadow located in a shallow bay on the Texas Gulf of Mexico Coast. A piezoelectric sound source transmitted broadband frequency-modulated chirps (0.5–100 kHz) every ten minutes, and the signal was measured on horizontal hydrophone array. Dissolved oxygen, photosynthetically active radiation, water temperature, salinity, and depth were concurrently measured with oceanographic probes. Additionally, cores were collected for point-estimates of seagrass biomass. Our work demonstrates that acoustic propagation offers a valuable alternative to experimental measurements of photosynthesis. [Work sponsored by NSF.]
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
Więcej źródeł

Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Seagrass"

1

Mvungi, Esther Francis. "Seagrasses and Eutrophication : Interactions between seagrass photosynthesis, epiphytes, macroalgae and mussels". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Botaniska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-55808.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Seagrass meadows are highly productive, ecologically and economically valuable ecosystems. However, increased human activities along the coastal areas leading to processes such as eutrophication have resulted in the rapid loss and deterioration of seagrass ecosystems worldwide. This thesis focuses on the responses of seagrasses to increases in nutrients, subsequent increases in ephemeral algae, and changes in the physical-chemical properties of seawater induced by interaction with other marine biota. Both in situ and laboratory experiments conducted on the tropical seagrasses Cymodocea serrulata and Thalassia hemprichii revealed that increased concentrations of water column nutrients negatively affected seagrass photosynthesis by stimulating the growth of the epiphytic biomass on the seagrass leaves. Interaction between seagrasses and other marine organisms induced different responses in seagrass photosynthesis. Ulva intestinalis negatively affected the photosynthetic performance of the temperate seagrass Zostera marina both by reducing the light and by increasing the pH of the surrounding water. On the other hand, the coexistence of mussels Pinna muricata and seagrass Thalassia hemprichii enhanced the photosynthetic activity of the seagrass, but no effect on the mussels' calcification was recorded. This study demonstrates that seagrass productivity is affected by a multitude of indirect effects induced by nutrient over-enrichment, which act singly or in concert with each other. Understanding the responsive mechanisms involved is imperative to safeguard the ecosystem by providing knowledge and proposing measures to halt nutrient loading and to predict the future performance of seagrasses in response to increasing natural and human perturbations.
At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Papers 1, 3 and 4: Submitted. Paper 2: Manuscript.
Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation (Sida/SAREC) marine bilateral programme
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
2

Moore, Althea F. P. "The Effects of Seagrass Species and Trophic Interactions in Experimental Seagrass Communities". W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617911.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
3

Uku, Jacqueline. "Seagrasses and their epiphytes : Characterization of abundance and productivity in tropical seagrass beds". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Botany, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-527.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:

Seagrass beds cover large intertidal and subtidal areas in coastal zones around the world and they are subjected to a wide variety of anthropogenic influences, such as nutrient enrichment due to sewage seepage. This study was undertaken to address specific questions focusing on whether near shore tropical seagrasses that receive a constant influx of groundwater nutrient inputs, would exhibit a higher productivity and to what extent epiphytic algae reflect the impacts of nutrient inputs. An additional aspect of study was to determine the prevalence of “acid zones” in tropical seagrasses. The productivity of the seagrasses Cymodocea rotundata, Thalassia hemprichii and Thalassodendron ciliatum was compared in two sites along the Kenyan coast; Nyali (a high nutrient site) and Vipingo (a low nutrient site). Of the three seagrasses T. hemprichii showed the most distinct differences with higher growth and biomass in the nutrient rich site whereas the growth of C. rotundata was similar in the two sites. A high epiphytic cover was found on the shoots of T. ciliatum found in the high nutrient site Nyali.

Morphological and genetic characterization of bacterial and cyanobacterial epiphytes showed specific associations of nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria on the seagrass C. rotundata in the low nutrient site (Vipingo). At this site, shoots of C. rotundata had a higher C:N ratio compared to shoots in the high nutrient site (Nyali) indicating that the association with nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria is a strategy, for this species, to meet its nutrient needs. Bacterial epiphytes belonging to the group Cytophaga-Flavobacteria-Bacteroides (CFB) were found on T. ciliatum and T. hemprichii from the two sites. CFB bacteria are characteristic of waste water, particularly from livestock farming areas, thereby confirming seepage of groundwater from surrounding catchment areas. These prokaryotic associations were specific for the different seagrasses and it appears that the establishment of epiphytic associations may not be a random encounter but a specific association that meets specific needs.

The seagrass T. ciliatum in the high nutrient site had an abundance of macroalgal epiphytes and the impact of the epiphytic coverage was assessed using Pulse Amplitude Modulated (PAM) fluorometry. The photosynthetic activity of seagrass parts that were covered by epiphytes was suppressed but the productivity of the whole shoot was not significantly reduced. In the nutrient rich site, epiphytes were found to contribute up to 45% of the total estimated gross productivity, during the SE monsoon season, while epiphytic contribution in the nutrient poor site, was 8%. Epiphytic abundance and contribution to productivity decreased during the NE monsoon. The photosynthetic activity of T. ciliatum shoots was similar in the two study sites with shoots in the nutrient rich site growing faster. T. ciliatum, in the low nutrient site, invested in the development of below ground root tissue which may indicate the development of a strategy to gain access to pore water nutrient pools.

Carbon uptake strategies of eight tropical seagrasses were re-evaluated to determine how common the “acid zone” mechanism is among tropical seagrasses. Six of the eight species studied showed photosynthetic inorganic carbon (Ci) acquisition based on carbonic anhydrase catalysed HCO3- to CO2 conversions within an acidified diffusion boundary layer (“acid zone”). Cymodocea serrulata appeared to maintain its carbon uptake by extracellular carbonic anhydrase catalysed CO2 formation from HCO3- without the need for acidic zones, whereas, Halophila ovalis appeared to have a system in which H+ extrusion may be followed by HCO3--H+ co-transport into the cells. These findings indicate that competition for carbon, between the host seagrass species and epiphytes, could determine seagrass-epiphyte associations.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
4

Uku, Jacqueline Nduku. "Seagrasses and their epiphytes : characterization of abundance and productivity in tropical seagrass beds /". Stockholm : Dept. of Botany, Stockholm university, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-527.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
5

au, keulen@murdoch edu, i Michael van Keulen. "Water Flow in Seagrass Ecosystems". Murdoch University, 1998. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040518.91242.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Water motion has been shown to influence almost every aspect of the ecology of seagrass communities; seagrass communities have likewise been shown to significantly influence water movement around them. This thesis examines the important role of water motion on seagrass ecosystems by integrating field and laboratory studies of several aspects of seagrass ecology influenced by water motion. To facilitate the study of hydrodynamics of seagrass ecosystems, a solid state electronic current meter was designed and developed, using thermistors as flow sensing devices. Important characteristics of the meters include: no moving parts, compact size, high sensitivity (resolution better than ± 0.5 cm s-1), and high sampling rate (greater than 0.2 Hz). Deployment of the meters in field measurements provided reliable and meaningful results of flow conditions through seagrass canopies, and they show great potential for use in many studies of marine ecology. Field studies of water velocity profiles revealed significant differences between the shapes of profiles of different seagrass species, particularly between species of Posidonia and Amphibolis. Of particular note is the observation of a region of high water velocity beneath the leafy canopy of Amphibolis, which was not present in the Posidonia plants. Water velocity profile measurements, sediment grain size analyses and standing stock measurements were conducted across an exposure gradient in a Posidonia sinuosa meadow. These studies revealed that, while the exposed location experienced a higher ambient water velocity than the sheltered site, the baffling influence of the seagrass canopy reduced the water velocity to approximately the same at both sites, within the meadow, although the effects varied seasonally. It was also observed that the seagrass meadow produced apparent skimming flow under the low flow conditions measured at the sheltered location; this phenomenon reflects the capacity for flow redirection over the canopy, and has important implications for the sub-canopy ecosystem and the protective role of seagrasses on the seabed. Field and laboratory studies on the role of seagrass density on the hydrodynamic nature of seagrass ecosystems revealed that water velocity profiles through meadows of reduced densities, and different shoot arrangements, were markedly different to “natural” profiles, implying the existence of a “critical density” (approximately 25 % of natural meadow density) with regard to canopy hydraulics. The role of water motion at an individual leaf scale was investigated with a series of laboratory flume studies of photosynthetic rates of seagrass and algae. The results show that the response of photosynthetic rate to water velocity depends very much on the plant species, with the algae markedly more productive (on a unit chlorophyll basis) than the seagrasses tested. Increases in photosynthetic rate were observed at water velocities above approximately 2.5 cm s-1; negligible photosynthetic activity was observed below this velocity. Calculation of P v. I curves indicated that the Posidonia species had high Ik values at low velocities (1360 :mol quanta m-2 s-1 for P. australis and 250.8 :mol quanta m-2 s-1 for P. sinuosa at 1.58 cm s-1), which decreased with increasing water velocity (to 138.9 and 24.77 :mol quanta m-2 s-1 for P. australis and P. sinuosa respectively), while the algal species had relatively constant values of Ik across all water velocities (85.42 to 312.7 :mol quanta m-2 s-1 for Ulva lactuca and 169.7 to 573.9 :mol quanta m-2 s-1 for Laurencia cruciata). Dye visualization studies showed that the algae remained quite rigid at all the velocities tested, while the seagrass leaves compressed as velocity increased. This resulted in an increased rate of turbulence creation by the algae, which is believed to enhance photosynthetic rates, through improved nutrient exchange rates across the boundary layer adjacent to the thallus. Further dye visualization studies revealed the significance of blade morphology on the creation of microscale turbulence at the surface of seagrass leaves. Epiphytic growth on seagrass leaves was observed to play an important role in breaking up water flow across the leaf surface, thereby enhancing the creation of microscale turbulence. From these studies, it is clear that water motion influences all aspects of the functioning of all components of seagrass communities, playing a role in nutrient supply, reproduction, physical stability, temperature and metabolic functions. The influence of seagrass meadows on coastal hydrodynamics is also apparent, with potential impacts on sediment stability, recruitment of benthic species and coastal erosion. This thesis has clearly demonstrated that water motion is an important parameter in seagrass ecology, and requires serious consideration in seagrass research, conservation and rehabilitation programmes.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
6

van, Keulen Michael. "Water flow in seagrass ecosystems". Thesis, van Keulen, Michael ORCID: 0000-0001-6235-5788 (1998) Water flow in seagrass ecosystems. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1998. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/377/.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Water motion has been shown to influence almost every aspect of the ecology of seagrass communities; seagrass communities have likewise been shown to significantly influence water movement around them. This thesis examines the important role of water motion on seagrass ecosystems by integrating field and laboratory studies of several aspects of seagrass ecology influenced by water motion. To facilitate the study of hydrodynamics of seagrass ecosystems, a solid state electronic current meter was designed and developed, using thermistors as flow sensing devices. Important characteristics of the meters include: no moving parts, compact size, high sensitivity (resolution better than plus-minus 0.5 cm s-1), and high sampling rate (greater than 0.2 Hz). Deployment of the meters in field measurements provided reliable and meaningful results of flow conditions through seagrass canopies, and they show great potential for use in many studies of marine ecology. Field studies of water velocity profiles revealed significant differences between the shapes of profiles of different seagrass species, particularly between species of Posidonia and Amphibolis. Of particular note is the observation of a region of high water velocity beneath the leafy canopy of Amphibolis, which was not present in the Posidonia plants. Water velocity profile measurements, sediment grain size analyses and standing stock measurements were conducted across an exposure gradient in a Posidonia sinuosa meadow. These studies revealed that, while the exposed location experienced a higher ambient water velocity than the sheltered site, the baffling influence of the seagrass canopy reduced the water velocity to approximately the same at both sites, within the meadow, although the effects varied seasonally. It was also observed that the seagrass meadow produced apparent skimming flow under the low flow conditions measured at the sheltered location; this phenomenon reflects the capacity for flow redirection over the canopy, and has important implications for the sub-canopy ecosystem and the protective role of seagrasses on the seabed. Field and laboratory studies on the role of seagrass density on the hydrodynamic nature of seagrass ecosystems revealed that water velocity profiles through meadows of reduced densities, and different shoot arrangements, were markedly different to 'natural' profiles, implying the existence of a 'critical density' (approximately 25 % of natural meadow density) with regard to canopy hydraulics. The role of water motion at an individual leaf scale was investigated with a series of laboratory flume studies of photosynthetic rates of seagrass and algae. The results show that the response of photosynthetic rate to water velocity depends very much on the plant species, with the algae markedly more productive (on a unit chlorophyll basis) than the seagrasses tested. Increases in photosynthetic rate were observed at water velocities above approximately 2.5 cm s-1; negligible photosynthetic activity was observed below this velocity. Calculation of P v. I curves indicated that the Posidonia species had high Ik values at low velocities (1360 :mol quanta m-2 s-1 for P. australis and 250.8 :mol quanta m-2 s-1 for P. sinuosa at 1.58 cm s-1), which decreased with increasing water velocity (to 138.9 and 24.77 :mol quanta m-2 s-1 for P. australis and P. sinuosa respectively), while the algal species had relatively constant values of Ik across all water velocities (85.42 to 312.7 :mol quanta m-2 s-1 for Ulva lactuca and 169.7 to 573.9 :mol quanta m-2 s-1 for Laurencia cruciata). Dye visualization studies showed that the algae remained quite rigid at all the velocities tested, while the seagrass leaves compressed as velocity increased. This resulted in an increased rate of turbulence creation by the algae, which is believed to enhance photosynthetic rates, through improved nutrient exchange rates across the boundary layer adjacent to the thallus. Further dye visualization studies revealed the significance of blade morphology on the creation of microscale turbulence at the surface of seagrass leaves. Epiphytic growth on seagrass leaves was observed to play an important role in breaking up water flow across the leaf surface, thereby enhancing the creation of microscale turbulence. From these studies, it is clear that water motion influences all aspects of the functioning of all components of seagrass communities, playing a role in nutrient supply, reproduction, physical stability, temperature and metabolic functions. The influence of seagrass meadows on coastal hydrodynamics is also apparent, with potential impacts on sediment stability, recruitment of benthic species and coastal erosion. This thesis has clearly demonstrated that water motion is an important parameter in seagrass ecology, and requires serious consideration in seagrass research, conservation and rehabilitation programmes.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
7

van, Keulen Michael. "Water flow in seagrass ecosystems". van Keulen, Michael (1998) Water flow in seagrass ecosystems. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1998. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/377/.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Water motion has been shown to influence almost every aspect of the ecology of seagrass communities; seagrass communities have likewise been shown to significantly influence water movement around them. This thesis examines the important role of water motion on seagrass ecosystems by integrating field and laboratory studies of several aspects of seagrass ecology influenced by water motion. To facilitate the study of hydrodynamics of seagrass ecosystems, a solid state electronic current meter was designed and developed, using thermistors as flow sensing devices. Important characteristics of the meters include: no moving parts, compact size, high sensitivity (resolution better than plus-minus 0.5 cm s-1), and high sampling rate (greater than 0.2 Hz). Deployment of the meters in field measurements provided reliable and meaningful results of flow conditions through seagrass canopies, and they show great potential for use in many studies of marine ecology. Field studies of water velocity profiles revealed significant differences between the shapes of profiles of different seagrass species, particularly between species of Posidonia and Amphibolis. Of particular note is the observation of a region of high water velocity beneath the leafy canopy of Amphibolis, which was not present in the Posidonia plants. Water velocity profile measurements, sediment grain size analyses and standing stock measurements were conducted across an exposure gradient in a Posidonia sinuosa meadow. These studies revealed that, while the exposed location experienced a higher ambient water velocity than the sheltered site, the baffling influence of the seagrass canopy reduced the water velocity to approximately the same at both sites, within the meadow, although the effects varied seasonally. It was also observed that the seagrass meadow produced apparent skimming flow under the low flow conditions measured at the sheltered location; this phenomenon reflects the capacity for flow redirection over the canopy, and has important implications for the sub-canopy ecosystem and the protective role of seagrasses on the seabed. Field and laboratory studies on the role of seagrass density on the hydrodynamic nature of seagrass ecosystems revealed that water velocity profiles through meadows of reduced densities, and different shoot arrangements, were markedly different to 'natural' profiles, implying the existence of a 'critical density' (approximately 25 % of natural meadow density) with regard to canopy hydraulics. The role of water motion at an individual leaf scale was investigated with a series of laboratory flume studies of photosynthetic rates of seagrass and algae. The results show that the response of photosynthetic rate to water velocity depends very much on the plant species, with the algae markedly more productive (on a unit chlorophyll basis) than the seagrasses tested. Increases in photosynthetic rate were observed at water velocities above approximately 2.5 cm s-1; negligible photosynthetic activity was observed below this velocity. Calculation of P v. I curves indicated that the Posidonia species had high Ik values at low velocities (1360 :mol quanta m-2 s-1 for P. australis and 250.8 :mol quanta m-2 s-1 for P. sinuosa at 1.58 cm s-1), which decreased with increasing water velocity (to 138.9 and 24.77 :mol quanta m-2 s-1 for P. australis and P. sinuosa respectively), while the algal species had relatively constant values of Ik across all water velocities (85.42 to 312.7 :mol quanta m-2 s-1 for Ulva lactuca and 169.7 to 573.9 :mol quanta m-2 s-1 for Laurencia cruciata). Dye visualization studies showed that the algae remained quite rigid at all the velocities tested, while the seagrass leaves compressed as velocity increased. This resulted in an increased rate of turbulence creation by the algae, which is believed to enhance photosynthetic rates, through improved nutrient exchange rates across the boundary layer adjacent to the thallus. Further dye visualization studies revealed the significance of blade morphology on the creation of microscale turbulence at the surface of seagrass leaves. Epiphytic growth on seagrass leaves was observed to play an important role in breaking up water flow across the leaf surface, thereby enhancing the creation of microscale turbulence. From these studies, it is clear that water motion influences all aspects of the functioning of all components of seagrass communities, playing a role in nutrient supply, reproduction, physical stability, temperature and metabolic functions. The influence of seagrass meadows on coastal hydrodynamics is also apparent, with potential impacts on sediment stability, recruitment of benthic species and coastal erosion. This thesis has clearly demonstrated that water motion is an important parameter in seagrass ecology, and requires serious consideration in seagrass research, conservation and rehabilitation programmes.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
8

Moniruzzaman, Md. "Seagrass detection using deep learning". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2261.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Seagrasses play an essential role in the marine ecosystem by providing foods, nutrients, and habitat to the marine lives. They work as marine bioindicators by reflecting the health condition of aquatic environments. Seagrasses also act as a significant atmospheric carbon sink that mitigates global warming and rapid climate changes. Considering the importance, it is critical to monitor seagrasses across the coastlines which includes detection, mapping, percentage cover calculation, and health estimation. Remote sensing-based aerial and spectral images, acoustic images, underwater two-dimensional and three-dimensional digital images have so far been used to monitor seagrasses. For close monitoring, different machine learning classifiers such as the support vector machine (SVM), the maximum likelihood classifier (MLC), the logistic model tree (LMT) and the multilayer perceptron (MP) have been used for seagrass classification from two-dimensional digital images. All of these approaches used handcrafted feature extraction methods, which are semi-automatic. In recent years, deep learning-based automatic object detection and image classification have achieved tremendous success, especially in the computer vision area. However, to the best of our knowledge, no attempts have been made for using deep learning for seagrass detection from underwater digital images. Possible reasons include unavailability of enough image data to train a deep neural network. In this work, we have proposed a Faster R-CNN architecture based deep learning detector that automatically detects Halophila ovalis (a common seagrass species) from underwater digital images. To train the object detector, we have collected a total of 2,699 underwater images both from real-life shorelines, and from an experimental facility. The selected seagrass (Halophila ovalis) are labelled using LabelImg software, commonly used by the research community. An expert in seagrass reviewed the extracted labels. We have used VGG16, Resnet50, Inception V2, and NASNet in the Faster R-CNN object detection framework which were originally trained on COCO dataset. We have applied the transfer learning technique to re-train them using our collected dataset to be able to detect the seagrasses. Inception V2 based Faster R-CNN achieved the highest mean average precision (mAP) of 0.261. The detection models proposed in this dissertation can be transfer learned with labelled two-dimensional digital images of other seagrass species and can be used to detect them from underwater seabed images automatically.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
9

Bridgwood, Samantha. "Seagrass landscapes along a wave gradient". Thesis, Bridgwood, Samantha (2006) Seagrass landscapes along a wave gradient. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/5118/.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Seagrasses of southern Western Australia grow in coastal waters exposed to varying degrees of physical exposure from oceanic swell waves and waves created by strong seasonal wind patterns. Seagrass species have preferred niches within these exposures; however knowledge as to how a continuum of exposure effects seagrass distributions and landscape patterns is limited. This thesis examined long term and seasonal variability occurring in a seagrass landscape along a gradient of wave exposure on the North Sands platform, Warnbro Sound, Western Australia. Long term changes to the seagrass landscape were investigated over a 49 year time period. Seagrass areal extent was mapped from aerial photographs and compared through the years. Over the period, 1953 to 2002, there was a 27% loss of seagrass; from 273 ha in 1953 to 200 ha in 2002. Loss was separated into two causes anthropogenic (boat mooring/propeller scars) and natural. Boat mooring/propeller scars accounted for only 2%. The development of a large sand bar, growing from 27 ha to 89 ha, accounted for 66% of the loss. Historical records show a similar large-scale sediment event occurring in Warnbro Sound 170 years ago. Increased fragmentation of offshore seagrass meadows through time accounted for the remaining 32%. To confirm the gradient in exposure, several methods incorporating the effects of time and space were used to characterise water flow. Wind effects were characterised into exposure indices, significant wave heights, bottom flow velocities and surface flows were modelled and in situ flow velocity was measured. Modelling 4 and in-situ measurement of flow velocities showed the shape, bathymetry and topography of Warnbro Sound coupled with seasonal wind patterns, contributed to complex flow circulations within the bay. All flow velocities modelled and measured showed a reduction in flow shorewards. Modelled flows were highest during winter storms whereas wind effects were greatest in summer; due to the consistent and strong summer sea breezes. A comparison of two transects along this flow gradient revealed differences between them. Sediment grain size analyses were used to indicate longer term flow characteristics along the gradient of flow. Sediment profiles were coarser in the offshore exposed sites and finer in the inshore sheltered sites, but there was some modification by the seagrass. A comparison of sediment profiles between two transects along the gradient of flow showed differences. There was also a seasonal influence. Seagrass landscapes were investigated along the gradient. Aerial photographs showed a progressive increase in fragmentation of seagrass meadows from inshore to offshore. Two transects were used, each with five different seagrass landscapes progressing from solid through to fragmented. The two transects could be separated into three zones each. The middle zones were similar in landscape but differed in seagrass species. The inshore and offshore zones were the same, both in species and landscape. Distribution of seagrass species along the two transects was correlated to the flows measured over the transects. There was a relationship between seagrass distribution for the whole platform and wave exposure. 5 Amphibolis spp. occurred in the offshore region that had high flow velocities. Posidonia spp. occurred in the nearshore region that had low flow velocities. Distribution of seagrass species and fragmentation patterns were strongly correlated with wave exposure gradients. A strong correlation (r2 = 0.8) existed in winter between seagrass species (density and landscape) and environmental factors associated with exposure. Despite the strong winds in summer these had minimal effect on the seagrasses (low correlation). Winter flow conditions are therefore the driver of patterns in species distribution and fragmentation seen in the seagrass landscape of Warnbro Sound.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
10

Mishra, Amrit Kumar. "Global change effects on seagrass ecosystem". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/11296.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Rising carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere will increase the average pCO2 level in the world oceans, which will have a knock-on effect on the marine ecosystem. Coastal seagrass communities one of the most productive marine ecosystems are predicted to benefit from the increase in CO2 levels, but long-term effects of elevated CO2 on seagrass communities are less understood. Population reconstruction techniques was used to investigate the population dynamics of Cymodocea nodosa meadows, exposed to long term elevated CO2 at volcanic seeps off Greece and Italy. Effect of elevated CO2 was noticed on the growth, morphometry, density, biomass and age structure at CO2 seeps. Above to below ground biomass ratio of C. nodosa were higher at CO2 seeps than at reference sites. The plastochrome interval were similar at all CO2 seeps. The shoot age and shoot longevity of plants were lower at seeps than reference sites. The present recruitment (sampled year) of the seagrass were higher than long-term average recruitment of the communities near the seeps. Carbon to nitrogen ratios (%DW) of C. nodosa were higher in leaves at seeps. Annual leaf production was higher near the seeps. This study suggests increased production of C. nodosa under elevated CO2 levels, but other co-factors such as nutrients, trace metal toxicity must also be taken into consideration while predicting effects of future CO2 concentrations. Volcanic CO2 seeps are now being used as natural analogues for ocean acidification studies although these areas can be affected by trace element input and may alter ecosystem responses to gradient in carbonate chemistry. Here Fe and a range of trace elements (Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Ni and Zn) were analysed from sediments and from the roots, rhizomes and leaves of seagrass at six CO2 seeps and reference sites off Greece and Italy. There were higher metal levels in sediment and seagrasses at all CO2 seeps than reference sites. Sediment Quality Guideline Quotient, a commonly used pollution index, indicated that some of the metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni) were in high enough concentrations to have adverse biological effects, such as Cu at Ischia site and Hg at Vulcano. Higher accumulation of elements from sediments in roots and leaves at CO2 seeps were found from Bio Sediment Accumulation Factor index. There were higher levels of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in leaves and rhizomes for P. oceanica and higher levels of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe and Zn in C. nodosa compartments at CO2 seeps. Fe and Mn were found with positive correlation within sediment-roots and sediment-rhizomes, whereas Cd, Co and Pb were found with positive correlation in compartments of C. nodosa. In P. oceanica positive correlation were only observed for Cd within sediment-roots and plant compartments. Low pH and ocean acidification increased the concentration of elements at CO2 seeps than reference sites. Thus, caution is needed, when using volcanic seep systems as analogue for the effects of rising CO2, as metals can reach levels that are toxic to seagrass, masking any potential benefits of increased levels of carbon dioxide for seagrass productivity. Net community production (NCP) and community respiration (CR) were measured under air exposed and CO2 enriched conditions for intertidal Z. noltei meadows and unvegetated sediment communities during emersion in summer and winter seasons. Community production and respiration were measured in-situ using benthic chambers. CO2 flux under air and CO2 enriched conditions were measured over a series of short term incubations (30min) using an infra-red gas analyser. Incident photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) was recorded during the incubations covering the daily and seasonal variation. Linear regression model was used to test the effects of irradiance on net community production. NCP of Z. noltei community were higher under CO2 enriched conditions than air exposed conditions in both summer and winter seasons. There was no effect of CO2 on the CR rate of Z. noltei community in summer season. NCP of sediment community were higher in summer season and winter season under CO2 enriched conditions. Sediment CR rates were higher in winter than summer season. The light compensation point of Z. noltei and sediment community were lower in both seasons under CO2 enriched conditions. Seasonal budget of community production was higher in Z. noltei than sediment communities. A clear effect of PAR was noticed on the net community production of both communities. Higher PAR intensities resulted in higher NCP under CO2 enriched conditions for both communities. CO2 enrichment will have a positive effect on the intertidal communities during emersion.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
Więcej źródeł

Książki na temat "Seagrass"

1

Hemminga, Marten. Seagrass ecology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
2

C, Phillips Ronald, i McRoy C. Peter 1941-, red. Seagrass research methods. Paris: Unesco, 1990.

Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
3

Hanes, Kathleen. Seagrass dreams: A counting book. New York, NY: Seagrass Press, 2017.

Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
4

Pirog, Robert S. Seagrass: Ecology, uses, and threats. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
5

Texas. Parks and Wildlife Dept. Resource Protection Division., red. Seagrass conservation plan for Texas. Austin, Tex. (4200 Smith School Rd., Austin 78744): Texas Parks & Wildlife, Resource Protection Division, 1999.

Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
6

R, Handley Lawrence, Altsman D, DeMay R, Gulf of Mexico Program (U.S.), United States. Environmental Protection Agency. i Geological Survey (U.S.), red. Seagrass status and trends in the northern Gulf of Mexico, 1940-2002. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 2007.

Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
7

Seagrass pier: A Hope Beach novel. Thorndike, Maine: Center Point Large Print, 2014.

Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
8

Seagrass Pier: A Hope Beach novel. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2014.

Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
9

Illert, Christopher Roy. Botany Bay's seagrass meadows: An ecological overview. Semaphore Park, S. Aust., Australia: Illert Marine Research and Pub., 1986.

Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
10

Gullström, Martin. Seagrass meadows: Community ecology and habitat dynamics. Göteborg: Göteborg University, Faculty of Science, 2006.

Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
Więcej źródeł

Części książek na temat "Seagrass"

1

Al-Mansoori, Noura, i Himansu Sekhar Das. "Seagrasses of the United Arab Emirates". W A Natural History of the Emirates, 267–85. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37397-8_9.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
AbstractThe Arabian Gulf’s coastal and marine ecosystems are being negatively impacted by various factors such as population growth, coastal development, industrial and desalination plant discharge, and offshore oil and gas activities. However, seagrass meadows continue to show resilience and provide ecosystem values and services. This paper provides an overview of the seagrass meadows in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in terms of their extent, species composition, threats, and conservation initiatives. The UAE’s coastline supports three seagrass species that are home to numerous marine species such as dugongs, green sea turtles, fish, and benthic invertebrates. With an area of around 2950 km2, subtidal seagrasses grow to a depth of 16 m and are one of the largest marine ecosystems in the Emirates. Seagrass beds also contribute significantly to blue carbon, with Abu Dhabi seagrasses estimated to have over 52 tonnes per hectare. The primary threats to seagrass meadows include dredging, landfill, and associated sedimentation, as well as environmental extremes such as high summer sea temperatures. However, conservation initiatives such as marine protected areas (MPAs) and federal laws have been implemented to protect these crucial coastal ecosystems.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
2

Alongi, Daniel M. "Seagrass Meadows". W Blue Carbon, 37–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91698-9_4.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
3

Brullo, Salvatore, Cristian Brullo, Salvatore Cambria i Gianpietro Giusso del Galdo. "Seagrass Vegetation". W Geobotany Studies, 121–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34525-9_11.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
4

Glaeser, Georg, i Daniel Abed-Navandi. "Habitat: Seagrass". W Ecosystems of the Mediterranean Sea, 142–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22334-1_6.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
5

Huntley, Brian John. "The Mangrove Biome". W Ecology of Angola, 383–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18923-4_17.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
AbstractThe cold Benguela Current passing along Angola’s Atlantic Ocean coast accounts for its mangrove communities lying 20° latitude north of those of the Indian Ocean Coast of Africa, bathed by the warm Mozambique Current. This chapter draws on the limited literature available on Angola’s mangrove forests and seagrass meadows that constitute its Mangrove Biome. Comprising only five of the world’s 55 mangrove species, and two of the world’s 70 species of seagrasses, Angola’s mangrove communities cover a very limited area compared with other tropical countries. This is due to Angola’s steeply shelving coastline, with small lagoons and mudflats at the mouths of its rivers. However, they provide excellent opportunities for the study of the complex adaptations of plants to regular changes in water salinity and to growth in waterlogged, anoxic soil. The adaptations include stilt roots, with specialised absorptive pores, roots containing porous aerenchyma tissue for oxygen transfer, and reproductive propagules that develop into seedlings while still attached to the tree. The mudflats of coastal lagoons support two species of seagrass (highly specialised angiosperms that are permanently submerged). Seagrass meadows provide habitat for a wide diversity of marine animals, while mangrove forests shelter several crocodile and primate species.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
6

Raghukumar, Seshagiri. "The Seagrass Ecosystem". W Fungi in Coastal and Oceanic Marine Ecosystems, 103–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54304-8_7.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
7

Jarvis, Jessie C. "Seagrass Production Models". W Encyclopedia of Estuaries, 542–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8801-4_391.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
8

Marsh, Helene, Alana Grech i Kathryn McMahon. "Dugongs: Seagrass Community Specialists". W Seagrasses of Australia, 629–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71354-0_19.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
9

Connolly, Rod M., Emma L. Jackson, Peter I. Macreadie, Paul S. Maxwell i Katherine R. O’Brien. "Seagrass Dynamics and Resilience". W Seagrasses of Australia, 197–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71354-0_7.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
10

Kirkman, Hugh. "Near-Coastal Seagrass Ecosystems". W Ecology and the Environment, 457–82. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7501-9_20.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Seagrass"

1

Tongnunui, Prasert, Prasert Tongnunui, Woraporn Tarangkoon, Woraporn Tarangkoon, Parichat Hukiew, Parichat Hukiew, Patcharee Kaeoprakan i in. "SEAGRASS RESTORATION: AN UPDATE FROM TRANG PROVINCE, SOUTHWESTERN THAILAND". W Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b9447ad58f1.23030316.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Natural disasters may adversely affect coastal resources potentially leading to coastal habitat restorations that incorporate stakeholders and the general public. Appropriate methodologies for habitat restoration are developed to ensure the outcomes of this project. Currently, seagrass bed restoration by means of asexual and sexual propagation techniques have been used worldwide. However, the experience of seagrass (Enhalus acoroides) habitat restoration in Trang Province noted that to accomplish this project’s strategies involved the application of restoration techniques along with public and stakeholder participation. The application of asexual propagation, specifically the collection of single shoots from donor seagrasses and subsequent transplantation, is a convenient tool. However, from this project results, this process still has conceptual problems as from the large numbers of single shoots collected from donor seagrasses, the survival rate was relatively low. Furthermore, this process was complicated by conflicting interests between local communities near to the donor site and the project’s organizers. In order to reduce said conflicts, other techniques to balance stakeholder interests were instigated by this project, namely the development of both asexual and sexual propagation techniques. This project initiated a sexual propagation technique by the collection of wild seeds of Enhalus acoroides that were subsequently grown in the laboratory before natural habitat transplantation. This project results showed that seeds can be grown rapidly and can be cultured in large numbers. However, this development technique has a limit on rearing time because seedlings were found to be in decline after the third month of the experiment. These problems were compounded by a limiting factor that pushed the project’s organizers to decide to transplant seagrasses from the laboratory to the wild whether a time was seasonally suitable or unsuitable, the planting activity still done forward. This matter may have enhanced the low survival rate situation after seagrass transplantation to the wild. If there is a need to recover a seagrass bed, the above culture and transplantation methodologies should be used in conjunction with repeated periodic plantings until natural ecological function has been restored. In conclusion, further research should be instigated to improve the cultivation method for producing ready to plant seedlings and to improve methods of project operation.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
2

Tongnunui, Prasert, Prasert Tongnunui, Woraporn Tarangkoon, Woraporn Tarangkoon, Parichat Hukiew, Parichat Hukiew, Patcharee Kaeoprakan i in. "SEAGRASS RESTORATION: AN UPDATE FROM TRANG PROVINCE, SOUTHWESTERN THAILAND". W Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b431687e149.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Natural disasters may adversely affect coastal resources potentially leading to coastal habitat restorations that incorporate stakeholders and the general public. Appropriate methodologies for habitat restoration are developed to ensure the outcomes of this project. Currently, seagrass bed restoration by means of asexual and sexual propagation techniques have been used worldwide. However, the experience of seagrass (Enhalus acoroides) habitat restoration in Trang Province noted that to accomplish this project’s strategies involved the application of restoration techniques along with public and stakeholder participation. The application of asexual propagation, specifically the collection of single shoots from donor seagrasses and subsequent transplantation, is a convenient tool. However, from this project results, this process still has conceptual problems as from the large numbers of single shoots collected from donor seagrasses, the survival rate was relatively low. Furthermore, this process was complicated by conflicting interests between local communities near to the donor site and the project’s organizers. In order to reduce said conflicts, other techniques to balance stakeholder interests were instigated by this project, namely the development of both asexual and sexual propagation techniques. This project initiated a sexual propagation technique by the collection of wild seeds of Enhalus acoroides that were subsequently grown in the laboratory before natural habitat transplantation. This project results showed that seeds can be grown rapidly and can be cultured in large numbers. However, this development technique has a limit on rearing time because seedlings were found to be in decline after the third month of the experiment. These problems were compounded by a limiting factor that pushed the project’s organizers to decide to transplant seagrasses from the laboratory to the wild whether a time was seasonally suitable or unsuitable, the planting activity still done forward. This matter may have enhanced the low survival rate situation after seagrass transplantation to the wild. If there is a need to recover a seagrass bed, the above culture and transplantation methodologies should be used in conjunction with repeated periodic plantings until natural ecological function has been restored. In conclusion, further research should be instigated to improve the cultivation method for producing ready to plant seedlings and to improve methods of project operation.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
3

Al-qahtani, Noora Saad, i Talaat Ahmed. "Effect of Seagrass Liquid Extracts on Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Under Salt stress Conditions". W Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0104.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Salinity is considered as major environmental challenge that affects crop growth and productivity. This study investigated the application of Haodule univervis seagrass liquid extract on bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under salt stress conditions. The salinity treatments were applied by irrigating bell pepper plants with 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM/l of NaCl with four replications. The bell pepper plants were divided into two groups: one group was sprayed with seagrass extract, and the other group was sprayed with distilled water. The salt treatment was applied at every 10 days interval for only three treatments, and the bell pepper leaves were sprayed about seven days after the salt treatment. The results showed an increase in relative water content (RWC) of salt stressed bell pepper plants sprayed with seagrass extract from 0- 100 mM of NaCl treatment, while RWC decreased at 150 and 200 mM NaCl treatments compared to the control. This indicates stressed bell pepper plants sprayed with seagrass extract had higher RWC than plants sprayed with water at 0-100 mM NaCl treatments. Chlorophyll concentration was decreased dramatically in plants sprayed with water at 50mM of NaCl level. However, chlorophyll concentration increased slightly in plants sprayed with water at 100 mM NaCl level then start declined gradually at 150 mM and 200mM NaCl level. The plants sprayed with seagrass extract showed an increase in chlorophyll concentration at 100 and 150 mM NaCl treatment compared to the control. Fresh weights of plants sprayed with seagrass extract were declined at 50-150 mM NaCl compared to the control. However, the highest dry weights of plants sprayed with seagrass at 100 mM NaCl treatment. In addition, plants sprayed with water did not show variations in fresh and dry weights.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
4

Islam, Syed M. S., Syed K. Raza, Md Moniruzzamn, Naeem Janjua, Paual Lavery i Adel Al-Jumaily. "Automatic seagrass detection: A survey". W 2017 International Conference on Electrical and Computing Technologies and Applications (ICECTA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecta.2017.8252036.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
5

Gasparovic, Mateo, Almin Dapo i Bosko Pribicevic. "SEAGRASS MAPPING USING SENTINEL-2 IMAGERY AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES: A CASE STUDY FROM CROATIA". W 22nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.22.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Nowadays, remote sensing techniques play an important role in the rapid acquisition of a large amount of spatial environmental data. The development of sensors in the last decade has led to the development of Earth observation satellite missions, e.g., Sentinel, PlanetScope. Numerous machine learning and deep learning methods are used in nowadays research to classify satellite imagery to enable rapid environmental mapping (e.g., land cover and land use, water bodies). Posidonia oceanica is considered the most important and best-studied seagrass species in the Mediterranean Sea. The objective of this preliminary research is to test the applicability of machine learning image classification methods for rapid seagrass mapping based on Sentinel-2 imagery. The research was conducted in the study area located in the north part of Dugi Otok in the central Adriatic in Croatia. Accuracy assessment of the mapped seagrass emphasises that Cart, Random Forest (RF), and Support vector machine (SVM) overperformed Naive Bayes (NB) method. Further, detailed visual analysis of seagrass map and accuracy assessment shows that RF and Cart give the best results. This research was done as part of the project Climate HIDROLAB (KK.01.1.1.04.0053) � Integrated hydrographic system for sustainable development of the marine ecosystem.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
6

Azmi, Afiq Auji, Teruaki Yoshida, Tatsuki Toda, Othman bin Haji Ross i Zaidi Che Cob. "Comparison of zooplankton abundance and community in seagrass and non-seagrass areas of Merambong shoal". W THE 2016 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2016 Postgraduate Colloquium. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4966840.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
7

Ozaeta, Mark Anthony A., Arnel C. Fajardo, Felimon P. Brazas i Jed Allan M. Cantal. "Seagrass Classification Using Differentiable Architecture Search". W 2023 20th International Joint Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jcsse58229.2023.10202072.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
8

Rahmawati, Susi, Udhi Eko Hernawan i Agustin Rustam. "The seagrass carbon content of 0.336 of dry weight can be applied in Indonesian seagrasses". W INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGY AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICOBAS). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5115616.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
9

Asahi, Toshimasa, Toshimasa Asahi, Kazuhiko Ichimi, Kazuhiko Ichimi, Kuninao Tada i Kuninao Tada. "NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN EELGRASS (ZOSTERA MARINA) MEADOW AND THE VARIATION OF NUTRIENT CONTENTS OF EELGRASS". W Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b938251aa95.85691438.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Nutrient dynamics in seagrass beds and nutrient demands of seagrass biomass are not clear, although nutrient uptake of seagrass has been experimentally studied in the laboratory. We conducted the field observations and the bottom sediment core incubations to estimate nutrient fluxes in the seagrass, Zostera marina meadow. DIN (nitrate, nitrite and ammonium) concentrations were always low particularly during the Z. marina growing season (from spring to summer), and water exchanges caused by tidal currents hardly supplied nutrient demand for Z. marina. Sediment pore water also supplied insufficient nutrients to Z. marina, because pore water had less volume than the water column, although DIN concentrations of pore water were 10-100 fold higher than those of the water column. Nutrient flux from sediment to water column estimated by the sediment core incubation experiments showed a similar rate with tidal water exchange. Thus, our results suggested that Z. marina adapted for low nutrient concentrations and each nutrient source in the Z. marina meadow slightly contributed but could not support Z. marina growth. We found that another nutrient source, for example, precipitation, supplied high DIN to the Z. marina meadow. After rainfall, the DIN concentration of seawater in the Z. marina meadow increased 2-5 times higher. Moreover, nitrogen content of eelgrass also increased 2-3 times higher during several days. Those results suggested that Z. marina was usually exposed to a low nutrient concentration but could uptake abundant nutrients from temporary nutrient supplies such as precipitation.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
10

Asahi, Toshimasa, Toshimasa Asahi, Kazuhiko Ichimi, Kazuhiko Ichimi, Kuninao Tada i Kuninao Tada. "NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN EELGRASS (ZOSTERA MARINA) MEADOW AND THE VARIATION OF NUTRIENT CONTENTS OF EELGRASS". W Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4316623b72.

Pełny tekst źródła
Streszczenie:
Nutrient dynamics in seagrass beds and nutrient demands of seagrass biomass are not clear, although nutrient uptake of seagrass has been experimentally studied in the laboratory. We conducted the field observations and the bottom sediment core incubations to estimate nutrient fluxes in the seagrass, Zostera marina meadow. DIN (nitrate, nitrite and ammonium) concentrations were always low particularly during the Z. marina growing season (from spring to summer), and water exchanges caused by tidal currents hardly supplied nutrient demand for Z. marina. Sediment pore water also supplied insufficient nutrients to Z. marina, because pore water had less volume than the water column, although DIN concentrations of pore water were 10-100 fold higher than those of the water column. Nutrient flux from sediment to water column estimated by the sediment core incubation experiments showed a similar rate with tidal water exchange. Thus, our results suggested that Z. marina adapted for low nutrient concentrations and each nutrient source in the Z. marina meadow slightly contributed but could not support Z. marina growth. We found that another nutrient source, for example, precipitation, supplied high DIN to the Z. marina meadow. After rainfall, the DIN concentration of seawater in the Z. marina meadow increased 2-5 times higher. Moreover, nitrogen content of eelgrass also increased 2-3 times higher during several days. Those results suggested that Z. marina was usually exposed to a low nutrient concentration but could uptake abundant nutrients from temporary nutrient supplies such as precipitation.
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Seagrass"

1

Zimmerman, Richard C. Radiative Transfer in Seagrass Canopies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629371.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
2

Zimmerman, Richard C. Radiative Transfer in Seagrass Canopies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada630542.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
3

Koch, Evamaria W., Larry P. Sanford, Shih-Nan Chen, Deborah J. Shafer i Jane M. Smith. Waves in Seagrass Systems: Review and Technical Recommendations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, listopad 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada458760.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
4

Davis, Andy, Michael Feeley, Mario Londoño, Lee Richter, Judd Patterson i Andrea Atkinson. South Florida/Caribbean Network seagrass community monitoring: Protocol narrative—version 1.1. National Park Service, lipiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2293388.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
5

Eisemann, Eve, Safra Altman, Damarys Acevedo-Mackey i Molly Reif. Relating seagrass habitat to geomorphology and substrate characteristics around Ship Island, MS. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), czerwiec 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/33023.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
6

Harrison, P. G., i M. Dunn. Fraser River delta seagrass ecosystems, their distributions and importance to migratory birds. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/215808.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
7

Dobbs, Fred C., i Lisa A. Drake. Influence of Sedimentary and Seagrass Microbial Communities on Shallow-Water Benthic Optical Properties. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada533632.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
8

Dobbs, Fred. Influence of Sedimentary and Seagrass Microbial Communities on Shallow Water Benthic Optical Properties. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada634938.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
9

Dobbs, Fred C., i Lisa A. Drake. Influence of Sedimentary and Seagrass Microbial Communities on Shallow-Water Benthic Optical Properties. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada625026.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
10

Drake, Lisa A., i Fred C. Dobbs. Influence of Sedimentary and Seagrass Microbial Communities on Shallow-Water Benthic Optical Properties-Data Mining. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada619743.

Pełny tekst źródła
Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.
Możesz być także zainteresowany rozszerzonymi bibliografiami na temat „Seagrass” dla poszczególnych typów źródeł:
Artykuły w czasopismach Rozprawy doktorskie Książki
Oferujemy zniżki na wszystkie plany premium dla autorów, których prace zostały uwzględnione w tematycznych zestawieniach literatury. Skontaktuj się z nami, aby uzyskać unikalny kod promocyjny!

Do bibliografii