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Data publikacji: 25 maja 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Sea urchin spines"

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NASSAB, R., S. RAYATT i F. PEART. "The Management of Hand Injuries Caused by Sea Urchin Spines". Journal of Hand Surgery 30, nr 4 (sierpień 2005): 432–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsb.2005.04.001.

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Injuries to the hand by sea urchin spines are not commonly seen in the United Kingdom. There are many varieties of sea urchins (Echinoidea) throughout the world. They have a spherical calcium carbonate exoskeleton covered with spines. Certain varieties may be venomous, in particular the flower urchin ( Toxopneustes pileolus) found in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Injury may also be caused by the urchin spines or pedicellaria (delicate seizing organs equipped with jaws) ( Auerbach, 1991 ; Smith, 2002 ). A small number of hand injuries associated with sea urchin spines have been reported in the literature.
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Rossetto, André Luiz, Jamesson de Macedo Mora i Vidal Haddad Junior. "Sea urchin granuloma". Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 48, nr 5 (październik 2006): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652006000500013.

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Injuries caused by venomous and poisonous aquatic animals may provoke important morbidity in humans. The phylum Echinoderma include more than 6000 species of starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers some of which have been found responsible for injuries to humans. Initial injuries by sea urchins are associated with trauma and envenomation, but later effects can be observed. Sea urchin granuloma is a chronic granulomatous skin disease caused by frequent and successive penetration of sea urchin spines which have not been removed from wounds. The authors report a typical case of sea urchin granuloma in a fisherman and its therapeutic implications.
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Goetz, Andreas, Erika Griesshaber i Wolfgang W. Schmahl. "An Easy Approach to Increase the Precision of EBSD Analysis – Examples from a Sea Urchin Calcite Study". Solid State Phenomena 160 (luty 2010): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.160.229.

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Sea urchins mineralize Mg-calcite skeletons, both, within their exoskeletons as well as in their spines. In this study we have investigated sea urchin spines of the species Amblypneustes pachistus. The spines are round and consist of several wedges that extend from the base to the tip of the spine. The wedges are connected to each other by porous calcite. Rocking curves of the spines show a distribution of 0.5° of the 110 reflection, with the domains being misoriented by 0.1° to each other. In our EBSD system the average mean angular (MAD) deviation is 0.3°. This is higher than the signal that is needed for the detection of small misorientations of domains within a sea urcin spine. In order to increase the precision (not the accuracy) of the EBSD measurements several factors, such as geometric artifacts and charging of calcite were minimized. Handling of these factors and utilizing the subsequently described statistical approach allowed for the identification of different domains within the spines. It further allowed calculating the degree of misorientation between these domains. Our EBSD analyses and the subsequent evaluation of the data show that the wedges forming the spines of Amblypneustes pachistus are mosaic crystals. The misorientation of the wedges to each other increases from the base of the spine towards its tip. The here proposed method for increasing the precision of the angular resolution showed reproducibility on silicon of 0.05°.
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Tsafnat, Naomi, John D. Fitz Gerald, Hai N. Le i Zbigniew H. Stachurski. "Micromechanics of Sea Urchin Spines". PLoS ONE 7, nr 9 (11.09.2012): e44140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044140.

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Stiefel, Klaus, i Glyn Barrett. "Sea Urchins as an Inspiration for Robotic Designs". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 6, nr 4 (10.10.2018): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse6040112.

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Neuromorphic engineering is the approach to intelligent machine design inspired by nature. Here, we outline possible robotic design principles derived from the neural and motor systems of sea urchins (Echinoida). Firstly, we review the neurobiology and locomotor systems of sea urchins, with a comparative emphasis on differences to animals with a more centralized nervous system. We discuss the functioning and enervation of the tube feet, pedicellariae, and spines, including the limited autonomy of these structures. We outline the design principles behind the sea urchin nervous system. We discuss the current approaches of adapting these principles to robotics, such as sucker-like structures inspired by tube feet and a robotic adaptation of the sea urchin jaw, as well as future directions and possible limitations to using these principles in robots.
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Yu, Yushi, Jiangnan Sun, Yaqing Chang i Chong Zhao. "High fitness areas drive the aggregation of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus". PeerJ 10 (19.01.2022): e12820. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12820.

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Sea urchin aggregation is a common phenomenon in coastlines. However, it remains controversial whether sea urchins form resource aggregations or behavioral aggregations in a non-spawning season. To clarify, we studied the aggregative responses to food and predators in the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus when high fitness areas (HFAs) were scarce versus sufficient. By taking the occupied area of each sea urchin (test diameter + spines = 4.5 cm) as a square (4.5 cm × 4.5 cm), we set scarce HFAs for the sea urchins in Experiment 1 (the squares of HFAs: the area occupied by experimental sea urchins = 1:1) and sufficient HFAs for the sea urchins in Experiment 2 (the squares of HFAs: the area occupied by experimental sea urchins = 2:1). If M. nudus form resource aggregations, they would aggregate passively under the scarce HFAs conditions, but not in the sufficient HFAs conditions. Conversely, if M. nudus form behavioral aggregation, aggregation would occur in both scarce and sufficient HFAs. The present results showed that in the scarce HFAs, M. nudus in the food and predator groups were significantly closer to the food and further from predators, and had significantly more aggregated numbers in HFAs than those in the control group. Sea urchins did not aggregate in response to food or predators under the sufficient HFAs, although significantly more sea urchins of the experimental group was found in HFAs than that of the control group. Sea urchins (at least M. nudus) form resource aggregations that are driven by the scarce HFAs. This provides valuable information into the mechanisms of the aggregation of sea urchins.
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Haddad Junior, Vidal. "Observation of initial clinical manifestations and repercussions from the treatment of 314 human injuries caused by black sea urchins (Echinometra lucunter) on the southeastern Brazilian coast". Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 45, nr 3 (czerwiec 2012): 390–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822012000300021.

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INTRODUCTION: Injuries caused by sea urchins are the most common caused by marine animals in humans in Brazil, with the black sea urchin (Echinometra lucunter) causing the most injuries to bathers. METHODS: This study observed 314 human wounds with emphasis on the early observation of clinical signs and symptoms and their implications on the recommended treatment. RESULTS: All the injuries were caused by black sea urchins and were observed in bathers. The lesions and the pain were associated with penetration of the spines; there was no early inflammation or pain without pressure on the wounded places. Complications arising from this kind on injury, including infections and foreign body granulomas, are associated with the permanence of the spines in the wounds. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed that this kind of injury is the most common accident caused by aquatic animals in Brazil. The main therapeutical recommendation is early removal of the spines to prevent late complications, such as infections and the formation of foreign body granulomas.
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Denny, M., i B. Gaylord. "Why the urchin lost its spines: hydrodynamic forces and survivorship in three echinoids". Journal of Experimental Biology 199, nr 3 (1.03.1996): 717–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.3.717.

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Two species of sea urchins (Colobocentrotus atratus and Echinometra mathaei) commonly co-occur on wave-swept intertidal shores in the Indo West Pacific. E. mathaei is a typical spiny urchin and is confined to cavities in the rock. In contrast, C. atratus has an unusual morphology, in which the spines are much reduced, and is found on substrata fully exposed to wave-induced velocities and accelerations. Previous researchers have suggested that spine reduction may therefore be a morphological adaptation to hydrodynamic forces. However, measurement of the drag, lift and accelerational forces on sea urchins show that the adaptive significance of spine reduction is less straightforward than it initially appears. The reduction in drag in C. atratus as compared with that in E. mathaei is to a large extent offset by an increase in lift. Instead, the 'streamlined' morphology of C. atratus seems best adapted to provide a reduction in the force imposed by water acceleration, thereby making it feasible for C. atratus to venture safely into the tumultuous flows of the surf zone.
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Rodríguez-Barreras, Ruber, Anelisse Dominicci-Maura, Eduardo L. Tosado-Rodríguez i Filipa Godoy-Vitorino. "The Epibiotic Microbiota of Wild Caribbean Sea Urchin Spines Is Species Specific". Microorganisms 11, nr 2 (3.02.2023): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020391.

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Caribbean sea urchins are marine invertebrates that have experienced a decline over the years. Studies on sea urchins have focused primarily on the microbiome of the coelomic fluid or the gut microbiota. In this study, the epibiota community associated with four wild Caribbean sea urchin species, Lytechinus variegatus, Echinometra lucunter, Tripneustes ventricosus, and Diadema antillarum, was characterized for the first time. Using 57 sea urchin animal samples, we evaluated the influence of animal species, trophic niches, and geographical location on the composition of the epibiotic microbiota. We found significant differences in the bacterial biota among species and trophic niches, but not among geographical locations. L. variegatus exhibited the highest alpha diversity with high dominance of Fusobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Cyanobacteria, whereas T. ventricosus and D. antillarum were dominated by Firmicutes. T. ventricosus inhabiting the seagrass biotope dominated by Thalassia testudinum meadows had mostly Endozoicomonas. In contrast, samples located in the reef (dominated by corals and other reef builders) had a higher abundance of Kistimonas and Photobacterium. Our findings confirm that the epibiotic microbiota is species-specific, but also niche-dependent, revealing the trophic networks emerging from the organic matter being recycled in the seagrass and reef niches. As echinoids are important grazers of benthic communities, their microbiota will likely influence ecosystem processes.
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Solari, Paolo, Giorgia Sollai, Viviana Pasquini, Angelica Giglioli, Roberto Crnjar i Piero Addis. "Blue-Green Algae as Stimulating and Attractive Feeding Substrates for a Mediterranean Commercial Sea Urchin Species, Paracentrotus lividus". Life 13, nr 7 (5.07.2023): 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13071510.

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Sea urchins rely on chemical senses to localize suitable food resources, therefore representing model species for chemosensory studies. In the present study, we investigated the chemical sensitivity of the Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus to the blue-green alga Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, namely “Klamath”, and to a few amino acids chosen from the biochemical composition of the same algae. To this end, we used the “urchinogram” method, which estimates the movement rate of the sea urchins in response to chemicals. Our results showed that Klamath represents a strong chemical stimulus for P. lividus as it elicits an overall movement of spines, pedicellariae, and tube feet coupled, in some cases, to a coordinated locomotion of the animals. Sea urchins also displayed a sensitivity, even if to a lesser extent, to leucine, threonine, arginine, and proline, thus implying that the amino acids contained in Klamath may account, at least in part, for the stimulating effects exerted by the whole algae. Additionally, our results show that Klamath, as well as spirulina, another blue-green alga with high nutritional value, is very attractive for this sea urchin species. These findings gain further importance considering the potential profit of echinoderms for commercial consumers and their growing role in aquaculture. Klamath and spirulina combine high nutritional profiles with attractive and stimulating abilities and may be considered potential valuable feed supplements in sea urchin aquaculture.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Sea urchin spines"

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Lauer, Christoph [Verfasser], i Klaus G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Nickel. "Structure-Property Relationships in Sea Urchin Spines and Implications for Technical Materials / Christoph Lauer ; Betreuer: Klaus G. Nickel". Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1193489377/34.

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Sardhalia, Vaskar. "Calcium carbonate-naphthoquinone hybrid pigments inspired by biomineral coloration in sea urchins". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS644.pdf.

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Les couleurs vives observées dans les biominéraux provenant d'oursins adultes, allant du violet au vert, sont attribuées à la présence de molécules de naphtoquinone polyhydroxylée (PHNQs). Ces PHNQs sont intégrés dans la calcite, probablement au cours de la croissance cristalline, se produisant via l'intermédiaire de précurseurs de carbonate de calcium amorphe (ACC). La formation de minéraux chez les oursins s'accompagne de changements de couleur dépendant du stade de minéralisation. Le spinochrome A, par exemple, présente une couleur rouge lorsqu'il est extrait des épines violettes de Paracentrotus lividus en conditions acides, ce qui indique un lien potentiel entre le pH et les variations de couleur telles qu'observées dans la formation de CaCO3. Pour avoir une meilleure compréhension de ces variations de couleur et de l'impact des naphtoquinones sur la cristallisation de l'ACC, nous avons effectué une précipitation de CaCO3 en présence de PHNQs (extraits d'épines d'oursins) et de naphtoquinones naturelles disponibles dans le commerce (naphthazarine, lawsone et juglone). Nous avons contrôlé le pH tout au long de la formation de l'ACC coloré et de sa cristallisation en calcite. Différentes techniques analytiques, dont la DSC/ATG, l’XPS, l’analyse PDF, la spectroscopie UV-Vis, le STEM-EELS, la spectroscopie RMN en phase solide et la DRX HR, ont été utilisées pour caractériser les propriétés des pigments hybrides amorphes et cristallins. Nos résultats révèlent que différents pigments peuvent créer un spectre de calcite colorée. Par exemple, la naphtazarine, rouge à un pH acide, puis bleue avant la précipitation de l'ACC, donne finalement une calcite bleue lavande, en raison d’une déprotonation/protonation successive des OH. L'effet de l'augmentation de la concentration de naphtaline sur la stabilité de l'ACC face à la cristallisation en solution et à l'air suit des tendances différentes sans affecter la structure locale de l'ACC. La quantification de la naphtaline associée à l'ACC et à la calcite révèle que seule une infime partie de la naphtaline associée à l'ACC est incorporée dans la calcite, et ce sous la forme de nano-inclusions non homogènes ; tandis que le reste est adsorbé à la surface sous l'effet de fortes forces chimiques ou physiques. En outre, le spinochrome A conduit à l’obtention de calcite violette, tandis que les spinochromes B et E à de la calcite jaunâtre. L'analyse DRX HR indique que les spinochromes B et E induisent des distorsions plus importantes dans le réseau de la calcite que le spinochrome A. De plus, le spinochrome A augmente la stabilité du polymorphe intermédiaire, modifiant ainsi la voie de cristallisation. La combinaison d'effets structurels atomiques minimes et d'une coloration intense suggère une incorporation préférentielle du spinochrome A dans les épines pourpres de P. lividus. Les PHNQs extraits des épines d'oursins et les pigments hybrides ont été testés pour la teinture des textiles, montrant des résultats prometteurs dans le cas des PHNQs biogéniques et des pigments hybrides à base d'ACC
The vibrant colors seen in adult sea urchin biominerals, ranging from purple to green, are attributed to the presence of polyhydroxylated naphthoquinone molecules (PHNQs). These PHNQs become integrated into calcite, likely during the crystal growth, which occurs through amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) precursors. The mineral formation in sea urchins is accompanied by color changes depending upon the stage of mineralization. Spinochrome A, for example, exhibits a red color when extracted from the purple spines of Paracentrotus lividus in acidic conditions, indicating a potential link between pH and color variations, as observed in CaCO3 formation. To delve deeper into color variations and the impact of naphthoquinones on ACC crystallization, we performed CaCO3 precipitation in the presence of PHNQs (extracted from sea urchin spines) and commercially available natural naphthoquinones (naphthazarin, lawsone, and juglone). We monitored pH levels throughout the formation of colored ACC and its crystallization into calcite. Various analytical techniques, including DSC/TGA, XPS, PDF analysis, UV-Vis, STEM-EELS, ss-NMR spectroscopy, and HR-XRD, were employed to characterize the properties of the amorphous and crystalline hybrid pigments. Our results reveal that different pigments can create a spectrum of colored calcite. For instance, naphthazarin, transitioning from red at acidic pH, turns medium blue before ACC precipitation, culminating in lavender blue calcite due to successive O-H deprotonation/protonation. The effect of increasing naphthazarin concentration on ACC's stability against crystallization in solution and air followed different trends without affecting the local structure of the ACC. Quantification of naphthazarin associated with ACC and calcite revealed that only a tiny fraction of naphthazarin associated with ACC gets incorporated within the calcite in the form of non-homogeneous nano inclusions; the rest was adsorbed on the surface with strong chemical or physical forces. Furthermore, spinochrome A yields purple calcite, while spinochrome B and E produce yellowish calcite. HR-XRD analysis indicates that spinochrome B and E induce more significant distortions in calcite lattice than spinochrome A. Moreover, spinochrome A increased the stability of the intermediate polymorph, thus modifying the crystallization pathway. The combination of minimal atomic structural effects and intense coloring suggests a preference for incorporating spinochrome A in the purple spines of P. lividus. The PHNQs extracted from sea urchin spines and hybrid pigment were tested for textile dyeing, showcasing promising results in the case of biogenic PHNQs and ACC-based hybrid pigments
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Rogers, Alice. "Recovery dynamics of the Caribbean long-spined sea urchin, Diadema antillarum". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9107.

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The sea urchin Diadema antillarum is a keystone herbivore in the Caribbean and its functional extinction due to an epidemic in 1983 had a marked effect on coral reef health. Recovery of D. antillarum has been associated with improvements in reef health but has been unexpectedly slow and patchy with many populations persisting at low abundance on the reefs. This thesis investigates possible reasons for low and variable recovery of D. antillarum on the reef using combined techniques of population dynamic modelling, meta-analysis and field experimentation. Population dynamic modelling was used to explore the implications of alternative process hypotheses for recovery dynamics. Depensatory density dependence (Allee effects) or cultivation effects are predicted to lead to complex dynamics characterized by switching between alternative, high and low abundance states. Density independent variation in vital rates, e.g. due to environmental change, are predicted to affect recovery abundance and rates without leading to complex dynamics. Time series data explored through meta-analysis, and local recovery patterns examined in Curacao, exhibit recovery dynamics and spatial distributions which indicate that variation in density independent factors, rather than depensatory density dependent processes are the key drivers of population dynamics. Recovering populations and patches of high D. antillarum abundance are both associated with locations which exhibit high resource availability, high macroalgal abundance, few herbivorous fish competitors, reduced predation risk and local larval retention. Specifically, I find evidence to suggest that rates of recovery are determined by resource availability and population sizes are controlled by predation pressure and larval retention. Interestingly, the environmental characteristics which appear favourable to D. antillarum are also characteristics which tend to result from high levels of human threat. My results demonstrate that D. antillarum populations favour specific habitat characteristics which occur in a variety of habitat types and indicate that coral reefs, upon which most attention has been focused, actually represent relatively poor habitat for the species. In light of this, I predict that the widespread reappearance of D. antillarum on coral reefs will only occur once population densities in preferred, sheltered, shallow, nutrient enriched, often humanimpacted habitats become high enough to depress habitat quality in these locations, such that forereefs become suitable as alternative habitats.
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Dame, Elizabeth A. "Assessing the effects of predation and habitat complexity on the recovery of the long-spined sea urchin, Diadema Antillarum, in Curacao". Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc//view?acc_num=ucin1212016944.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.
Advisors: David L. Meyer PhD (Committee Chair), Kenneth Petren PhD (Committee Member), Eric F. Maurer PhD (Committee Member), George W. Uetz PhD (Committee Member), Arnold I. Miller PhD (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed June 1, 2010). Keywords: Coral reefs; recovery; Diadema antillarum; translocation; predation; habitat complexity. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Klang, Katharina [Verfasser]. "The energy dissipation of the sea urchin spine as biomimetic concept generator for cellular ceramics and load-bearing systems / Katharina Klang". Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219064521/34.

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Dame, Elizabeth A. "Assessing the effects of predation and habitat complexity on the recovery of the long-spined sea urchin, Diadema antillarum, in Curaçao". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1212016944.

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Großmann, Jan Nils [Verfasser]. "Stereom differentiation in sea urchin spines under special consideration as a model for a new impact protective system / vorgelegt von Jan Nils Großmann". 2010. http://d-nb.info/1008084921/34.

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Baulch, TJ. "Cracking the code : defining roe quality of the long-spined sea urchin (Centrostephanus rodgersii) in Tasmania". Thesis, 2019. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/31417/1/Baulch_whole_thesis.pdf.

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In Tasmania, arrival of the long-spined sea urchin (Centrostephanus rodgersii) has presented economic opportunity along with ecological change where they occur. Over the last half century, C. rodgersii has undergone climate driven range-extension and is now distributed along the entire east coast of Tasmania. The highest densities of C. rodgersii occur in northern Tasmania around the St Helens region and become less abundant along latitudinal gradients. This pattern of distribution has resulted in a developing fishery for C. rodgersii being mostly focused between ‘The Gardens’ and ‘St Helens Island’ in the north east of Tasmania where catch rates are greatest. However, a lack of definitive information on the specific drivers of roe quality has been a significant hurdle to progress of the fishery in Tasmania and mainland Australia as a whole. This species is frequently implicated with high proportions of poor quality roe in commercial catches which has deterred interest from prospective entrants to the fishery. Identifying key parameters around high quality roe will help commercial fishers and processors target individual sea urchins with a greater probability of harvesting high quality roe hereby increasing economic return with the ultimate aim of maximising the potential of this new resource. This thesis explores the biological and environmental drivers of roe quality to determine factors that indicate high quality roe. Samples of Centrostephanus rodgersii were collected monthly from St Helens kelp and barrens habitats over an 18 month period spanning May 2014 to October 2015 and assessed for roe quality. Seasonal changes in reproductive biology were determined and assessed for effect on roe quality which comprised; colour, texture, granularity and quality index (possible score of 1-5 where 1 is the lowest score attainable and 5 is the highest, quality index was the sum of all individual criteria and ranged from 3-15). Examination of gonad histology showed a distinct annual pattern in reproduction and the highest levels of roe quality were recorded in the months prior to peak gametogenesis and spawning (i.e. during March, April, May and June of 2014 and 2015). Logistic regression showed high roe quality to be significantly affected by the proportion of nutritive phagocytes (NP’s) within the gonad lumen (G21 = 47.864, P < 0.001) being 4.3 times more likely (95% CI = 1.647, 8.412) to encounter ‘A’ grade roe when NP’s were in high proportions. Furthermore, gender was also found to significantly affect likelihood of harvesting ‘A’ grade roe, but it was the interaction between proportions of NP’s and gender that increased the odds ratio to a highly probable 9.67 to 1 (95% CI = 1.976, 58.316) when individuals were male and contained a high proportion of NP’s. Histological samples collected over an 18 month period in St Helens from 2003-05 (before commercial harvesting began in Tasmania) was made available for comparative analysis and showed remarkable gametogenic synchrony with samples collected during 2014-15. Both study periods demonstrated clear winter/spring spawning (August/September) with a small number of individuals persisting through to October/November. Spawning assays (response to KCl injection) were also conducted on separate sea urchins and indicated that the magnitude of spawning response was proportional to the density of NP’s. This methodological procedure may be useful as a proxy measure of roe quality for industry (i.e. signal the end of the annual high quality period) considering high quality roe is significantly affected by the presence of NP’s. To this end, the decadal consistency in the seasonal gametogenic cycle and the relationship between ‘A’ grade roe and NP’s clearly demonstrates a temporally consistent harvest window which is critical knowledge for further development of this fishery. In addition, a suite of independent variables (exogenous and endogenous) were assessed for their effect on roe quality criteria using an ordinal logistic regression approach. Models were developed based on variables that could be; used in planning harvest operations, directly observed during harvest operations, manipulated post harvest or optimised through repeated harvesting. It was found that the independent variables; habitat, seasonality, age and test diameter (shell width) had the most influence on roe quality. Odds ratios (OR) for high quality roe were highest between April and June (OR 7.85 95% CI 4.97, 10.36) for seasonality and for sea urchins aged between 7-20yrs (OR 14.34 95%CI 9.67, 28.46). Odds ratios for sea urchins harvested from kelp habitats were also significantly increased (OR 4.78 95% CI 1.99, 4.87). The magnitude of odds ratios (particularly age) indicate that large improvements in roe quality are possible by tailoring harvest operations to accommodate these specific parameters.
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Książki na temat "Sea urchin spines"

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Poke!: The sea urchin and other animals with spikes. New York: PowerKids Press, 2011.

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Roza, Greg. Poke!: The sea urchin and other animals with spikes. New York: PowerKids Press, 2011.

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Ogden, John C. Species profiles: Life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (South Florida) : long-spined black sea urchin. Washington, DC: The Service, 1987.

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C, Carpenter Robert, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. Coastal Ecology Group i National Wetlands Research Center (U.S.), red. Species profiles: Life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (South Florida) : long-spined black sea urchin. Vicksburg, MS: The Group, 1987.

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L, Bodkin James, Ballachey Brenda Elizabeth, Esler Daniel, Dean Thomas A. 1948- i Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council., red. Patterns and processes of population change in selected nearshore vertebrate predators. Anchorage, Alaska: Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, 2003.

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Roza, Greg. Poke!: The Sea Urchin and Other Animals with Spikes. Rosen Publishing Group, 2011.

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Części książek na temat "Sea urchin spines"

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"13. Sea urchin spines as role models for biological design and integrative structures". W Highlights in Applied Mineralogy, 273–84. De Gruyter, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110497342-013.

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Smith, Andrew B. "Sea urchins (Echinoidea)". W The Timetree of Life, 302–7. Oxford University PressOxford, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199535033.003.0038.

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Abstract The Phylum Echinodermata is a clade of marine invertebrate deuterostomes that includes such well-known animals as the starAshes and sea urchins. All echinoderms possess a calcitic endoskeleton with a distinctive and unique three-dimensional structure, a stereom, and they all undergo an unusual asymmetrical development in which right larval coelomic components are suppressed and lost. 7ere are Ave living classes of echinoderm, of which the Echinoidea or sea urchins (Fig. 1) is probably the best known and certainly the one that has leJ the most complete fossil record. Living echinoids have a mesodermal skeleton constructed of 10 columns of plates, all of which bear tubercles and spines. Them odern taxonomy of echinoids was established by Mortensen (1), based primarily on the detailed arrangement of plates making up the skeleton. 7is has the great advantage of allowing fossils to be placed with confidence into any taxonomic scheme constructed for the living species. About 900 living species of echinoids have been described and placed in 50 families (1, 2), not all of which are considered monophyletic.
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Davis, M., J. Walker, T. Hopkins i L. Thompson. "A study of epibiont distribution on the spines of the cidaroid sea urchin, Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck, 1816) from the shallow shelf of the eastern Gulf of Mexico". W Echinoderms: Munchen, 207–11. Taylor & Francis, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203970881.ch36.

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Lowenstam, Heinz A., i Stephen Weiner. "Echinodermata". W On Biomineralization. Oxford University Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195049770.003.0010.

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The Echinodermata are certainly one of the most unusual and interesting phyla from the biomineralization point of view. They all live in the marine environment. The five major taxonomic classes (Asteroidea or sea stars, Ophiuroidea or brittle stars, Echinoidea or sea urchins, Crinoidea or sea lilies, and Holothuroidea or sea cucumbers) have quite different anatomical shapes and are characterized by fivefold symmetry. Each group forms mineralized hard parts. In the Echinoidea the skeletal elements are fused together to form a rigid test, whereas in the Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea and Crinoidea the skeletal elements or ossicles are articulated with one another. In the Holothuroidea the skeleton is usually reduced to microscopic ossicles or spicules, and, in some cases, mineralized granules as well. The hard parts of echinoderms vary enormously in shape and function and include not only the diverse skeletal elements, but also spines and teeth. Remarkably, with very few exceptions, the mineralized hard parts are formed from the same mineral, magnesium-bearing calcite [usually 5–15% as magnesium carbonate (Chave 1952, 1954; Raup 1966)], which has some unique and interesting properties. The ultrastructure of many of the macroscopic skeletal hard parts has a characteristic spongy or fenestrate structure (called the stereom) and is riddled with labyrinthine cavities (collectively called the stereom space). In echinoid spines the stereom spaces are secondarily filled in to form areas of solid mineral. The surfaces of the mineral phase are very smooth, even when examined a high magnification in the SEM (Towe 1967; Millonig 1970). Furthermore, the broken surfaces show no characteristic ultrastructural motif, which is observed in almost all other mineralized tissues in which the individual crystals are enveloped by layers of organic material. The fracture surfaces of echinoderm calcite actually have a conchoidal cleavage (Towe 1967), which is characteristic of glassy or amorphous materials. It is, therefore, most surprising that when individual skeletal plates, spines, spicules, ossicles, and even whole teeth are examined in polarized light or by X-ray diffraction, they behave as if they are single crystals! (Towe 1967; Donnay and Pawon 1969).
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Chiu, S. T. "Feeding biology of the short-spined sea urchin Anthocidaris crassispina (A.Agassiz) in Hong Kong". W Echinodermata, 223–32. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003079224-45.

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Grossmann, N., i J. Nebelsick. "Stereom differentiation in spines of Plococidaris verticillata, Heterocentrotus mammillatus and other regular sea urchins". W Echinoderms in a Changing World, 97–104. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13769-12.

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"Stereom differentiation in spines of Plococidaris verticillata, Heterocentrotus mammillatus and other regular sea urchins". W Echinoderms in a Changing World, 111–26. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13769-13.

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Pagano, G., L. G. Korkina, M. Iaccarino, A. De Biase, I. B. Deeva, Y. K. Doronin, M. Guida i in. "DEVELOPMENTAL, CYTOGENETIC AND BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF SPIKED OR ENVIRONMENTALLY POLLUTED SEDIMENTS IN SEA URCHIN BIOASSAYS". W Biomarkers in Marine Organisms, 85–129. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044482913-9/50007-9.

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Allchin, Douglas. "Respect for Life". W Sacred Bovines. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190490362.003.0035.

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“Respect for life” is a rallying cry among many animal rights activists. They target the use of animals in research, the wearing of fur coats, the hunting of wolves and whales, and more. They deplore, too, dissection in biology classes (essay 26). Ironically, in many of these high-profile cases, “respect for life” seems to mean not a universal respect for all life, but rather a narrow “respect for life-like-us.” The values seem associated primarily with mammals. A little knowledge of biology might broaden the scope of such sentiments, with perhaps some stunning consequences. We observe life in many forms. From cuddly kittens to slithering snakes and spooky spiders. From huge, awesome blue whales to microscopic, one-celled organisms. From lilies to “sea lilies,” which are more closely related to starfish and sea urchins than to plants. And we are related to all of them. That is the startling lesson of evolution. We share ancestry with all these creatures. But how often is the grandeur in this view of life eclipsed by narrower feelings? For example, one hears much fuss over dissection in biology classes—of cats and frogs and fetal pigs. One hears very little objection to dissecting crickets, scallops, or worms. Why? While activists raid research laboratories where mammals are used, no wellspring of objection has emerged about a popular school lab exercise on the survival rates of sowbugs in different environmental conditions, although it assures wholesale death for some populations. Where is the hue and cry over bouquets of fresh-cut roses? Yet all are living. Animal rights advocates frequently express outrage at killing animals for fur. But rarely do we see outrage over leather jackets, which are basically just fur hides without the hair. Leather shoes, leather belts, leather hats, leather gloves, leather bags, leather wallets, leather briefcases, leather watch straps, leather key fobs, leather whatever: there are animal hides everywhere. Shouldn’t we be equally if not more outraged about the disparity of wealth between the persons who buy fur coats and the persons who, despite animal rights, want them but cannot afford them?
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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Sea urchin spines"

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Stock, S. R., T. A. Ebert, K. Ignatiev i F. De Carlo. "Structures, structural hierarchy, and function in sea urchin spines". W SPIE Optics + Photonics, redaktor Ulrich Bonse. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.679548.

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Sardhalia, Vaskar, Tristan Georges, Mohamed Selmane, Thierry Azaïs i Marie Alberic. "Synthesis of coloured Amorphous calcium carbonates for understanding the pigmentation mechanisms in sea urchin spines". W Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.7100.

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KÜHN, CLEMENS, ALEXANDER KÜHN, ALBERT J. POUSTKA i EDDA KLIPP. "MODELING DEVELOPMENT: SPIKES OF THE SEA URCHIN". W Proceedings of the 7th Annual International Workshop on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (IBSB 2007). IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781860949920_0008.

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Stock, Stuart R., Konstantin I. Ignatiev, Arthur Veis, Francesco De Carlo i J. D. Almer. "Micro-CT of sea urchin ossicles supplemented with microbeam diffraction". W Optical Science and Technology, the SPIE 49th Annual Meeting, redaktor Ulrich Bonse. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.558070.

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Stock, Stuart R., i Alexander Rack. "Submicrometer structure of sea urchin tooth via remote synchrotron microCT imaging". W SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, redaktor Stuart R. Stock. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2062976.

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Ziegler, Alexander, Stuart R. Stock, Björn H. Menze i Andrew B. Smith. "Macro- and microstructural diversity of sea urchin teeth revealed by large-scale mircro-computed tomography survey". W SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, redaktor Stuart R. Stock. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.930832.

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