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Noh, Kyoung Jun, Jiho Choi, Jin Seong Hong, and Kang Ryoung Park. "Finger-Vein Recognition Using Heterogeneous Databases by Domain Adaption Based on a Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Network." Sensors 21, no. 2 (2021): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020524.
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The conventional finger-vein recognition system is trained using one type of database and entails the serious problem of performance degradation when tested with different types of databases. This degradation is caused by changes in image characteristics due to variable factors such as position of camera, finger, and lighting. Therefore, each database has varying characteristics despite the same finger-vein modality. However, previous researches on improving the recognition accuracy of unobserved or heterogeneous databases is lacking. To overcome this problem, we propose a method to improve the finger-vein recognition accuracy using domain adaptation between heterogeneous databases using cycle-consistent adversarial networks (CycleGAN), which enhances the recognition accuracy of unobserved data. The experiments were performed with two open databases—Shandong University homologous multi-modal traits finger-vein database (SDUMLA-HMT-DB) and Hong Kong Polytech University finger-image database (HKPolyU-DB). They showed that the equal error rate (EER) of finger-vein recognition was 0.85% in case of training with SDUMLA-HMT-DB and testing with HKPolyU-DB, which had an improvement of 33.1% compared to the second best method. The EER was 3.4% in case of training with HKPolyU-DB and testing with SDUMLA-HMT-DB, which also had an improvement of 4.8% compared to the second best method.
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Noroz, Noroz Khan Baloch, Saleem Ahmed Ahmed, Ramesh Kumar Kumar, DM Saqib Bhatii Bhatti, and Yawar Rehaman Rehman. "Finger-Vein Image Dual Contrast Adjustment and Recognition Using 2D-CNN." Sukkur IBA Journal of Computing and Mathematical Sciences 6, no. 1 (2022): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30537/sjcms.v6i1.1001.
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The suggested process enhances the low contrast of the finger-vein image using dual contrast adaptive histogram equalization (DCLAHE) for visual attributes. The finger-vein histogram intensity is split out all over the image when dual CLAHE is used. For preprocessing, the finger-vein image dataset is obtained from the SDUMLA-HMT finger-vein database. Following the deployment of DCLAHE, the updated dataset is used to recognize objects using an improved 2D-CNN model. The 2D CNN model learns features by optimizing values of a preprocessed dataset. The accuracy of this model stands at 91.114%.
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Sharif, Hanan, Faisal Rehman, Naveed Riaz, Rana Mohtasham Aftab, Adnan Ashraf, and Azher Mehmood. "Identification of Finger Vein Images with Deep Neural Networks." Lahore Garrison University Research Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 7, no. 02 (2023): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgurjcsit.2023.0702425.
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To establish identification, individuals often utilize biometrics so that their identity cannot be exploited without their consent. Collecting biometric data is getting easier. Existing smartphones and other intelligent technologies can discreetly acquire biometric information. Authentication through finger vein imaging is a biometric identification technique based on a vein pattern visible under finger's skin. Veins are safeguarded by the epidermis and cannot be duplicated. This research focuses on the consistent characteristics of veins in fingers. We collected invariant characteristics from several cutting-edge deep learning techniques before classifying them using multiclass SVM. We used publicly available image datasets of finger veins for this purpose. Several assessment criteria and a comparison of different deep learning approaches were used to characterize the performance and efficiency of these models on the SDUMLA-HMT dataset.
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Li, Jun, Luokun Yang, Mingquan Ye, Yang Su, and Juntong Liu. "Finger Vein Verification on Different Datasets Based on Deep Learning with Triplet Loss." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (October 20, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4868435.
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In this study, deep learning and triplet loss function methods are used for finger vein verification research, and the model is trained and validated between different kinds of datasets including FV-USM, HKPU, and SDUMLA-HMT datasets. This work gives the accuracy and other evaluation indexes of finger vein verification calculated for different training-validation set combinations and gives the corresponding ROC curves and AUC values. The accuracy of the best result has reached 98%, and all the ROC AUC values are above 0.98, indicating that the obtained model can identify the finger veins well. Since the experiments are cross-validated between different kinds of datasets, the model has good adaptability and applicability. From the experimental results, it is also found that the model trained on the dataset that is more difficult to be distinguished will be a better and more robust model.
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Hsia, Chih-Hsien, Zi-Han Yang, Hong-Jyun Wang, and Kuei-Kuei Lai. "A New Enhancement Edge Detection of Finger-Vein Identification for Carputer System." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (2022): 10127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app121910127.
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Developments in multimedia and mobile communication technologies and in mobilized, personalized information security has benefitted various sectors of society, as traditional identification technologies are often complicated. In response to the sharing economy and the intellectualization of automotive electronics, major automobile companies are using biometric recognition to enhance the safety, uniqueness, and convenience of their vehicles. This study uses a deep learning-based finger-vein identification system for carputer systems. The proposed enhancement edge detection adapts to the detected fingers’ rotational and translational movements and to interference from external light and other environmental factors. This study also determines the effect of preprocessing methods on the system’s effectiveness. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system allows more accurate identification of 99.1% and 98.1% in various environments, using the FV-USM and SDUMLA-HMT public datasets. As results, the contribution of system is high accuracy and stability for more sanitary, contactless applications makes it eminently suited for use during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Ahmed, Mona A., and Abdel-Badeeh M. Salem. "Intelligent Technique for Human Authentication using Fusion of Finger and Dorsal Hand Veins." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS 18 (July 9, 2021): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23209.2021.18.12.
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Multimodal biometric systems have been widely used to achieve high recognition accuracy. This paper presents a new multimodal biometric system using intelligent technique to authenticate human by fusion of finger and dorsal hand veins pattern. We developed an image analysis technique to extract region of interest (ROI) from finger and dorsal hand veins image. After extracting ROI we design a sequence of preprocessing steps to improve finger and dorsal hand veins images using Median filter, Wiener filter and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) to enhance vein image. Our smart technique is based on the following intelligent algorithms, namely; principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm for feature extraction and k-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) classifier for matching operation. The database chosen was the Shandong University Machine Learning and Applications - Homologous Multi-modal Traits (SDUMLA-HMT) and Bosphorus Hand Vein Database. The achieved result for the fusion of both biometric traits was Correct Recognition Rate (CRR) is 96.8%.
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Mahmoud, Rasha O., Mazen M. Selim, and Omar A. Muhi. "Fusion Time Reduction of a Feature Level Based Multimodal Biometric Authentication System." International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development 12, no. 1 (2020): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijskd.2020010104.
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In the present study, a multimodal biometric authentication method is presented to confirm the identity of a person based on his face and iris features. This method depends on multiple biometric techniques that combine face and iris (left and right) features to recognize. The authors have designed and applied a system to identify people. It depends on extracting the features of the face using Rectangle Histogram of Oriented Gradient (R-HOG). The study applies a feature-level fusion using a novel fusion method which employs both the canonical correlation process and the proposed serial concatenation. A deep belief network was used for the recognition process. The performance of the proposed systems was validated and evaluated through a set of experiments on SDUMLA-HMT database. The results were compared with others, and have shown that the fusion time has been reduced by about 34.5%. The proposed system has also succeeded in achieving a lower equal error rate (EER), and a recognition accuracy up to 99%.
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Yulianto, Vandy Achmad, Nazrul Effendy, and Agus Arif. "Finger vein identification system using capsule networks with hyperparameter tuning." IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 12, no. 4 (2023): 1636. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v12.i4.pp1636-1643.
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<p>Safety and security systems are essential for personnel who need to be protected and valuables. The security and safety system can be supported using a biometric system to identify and verify permitted users or owners. Finger vein is one type of biometric system that has high-level security. The finger vein biometrics system has two primary functions: identification and verification. Safety and security technology development is often followed by hackers' development of science and technology. Therefore, the science and technology of safety and security need to be continuously developed. The paper proposes finger vein identification using capsule networks with hyperparameter tuning. The augmentation, convolution layer parameters, and capsule layers are optimized. The experimental results show that the capsule network with hyperparameter tuning successfully identifies the finger vein images. The system achieves an accuracy of 91.25% using the Shandong University machine learning and applications-homologous multimodal traits (SDUMLA-HMT) dataset.</p>
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Sari, Jayanti Yusmah, and Rizal Adi Saputra. "Pengenalan Finger Vein Menggunakan Local Line Binary Pattern dan Learning Vector Quantization." Jurnal ULTIMA Computing 9, no. 2 (2018): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/sk.v9i2.790.
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This research proposes finger vein recognition system using Local Line Binary Pattern (LLBP) method and Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ). LLBP is is the advanced feature extraction method of Local Binary Pattern (LBP) method that uses a combination of binary values from neighborhood pixels to form features of an image. The straight-line shape of LLBP can extract robust features from the images with unclear veins, it is more suitable to capture the pattern of vein in finger vein image. At the recognition stage, LVQ is used as a classification method to improve recognition accuracy, which has been shown in earlier studies to show better results than other classifier methods. The three main stages in this research are preprocessing, feature extraction using LLBP method and recognition using LVQ. The proposed methodology has been tested on the SDUMLA-HMT finger vein image database from Shandong University. The experiment shows that the proposed methodology can achieve accuracy up to 90%.
 Index Terms—finger vein recognition, Learning Vector Quantization, LLBP, Local Line Binary Pattern, LVQ.
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Channegowda, Arjun Benagatte, and H. N. Prakash. "Multimodal biometrics of fingerprint and signature recognition using multi-level feature fusion and deep learning techniques." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, no. 1 (2021): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i1.pp187-195.
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Providing security in biometrics is the major challenging task in the current situation. A lot of research work is going on in this area. Security can be more tightened by using complex security systems, like by using more than one biometric trait for recognition. In this paper multimodal biometric models are developed to improve the recognition rate of a person. The combination of physiological and behavioral biometrics characteristics is used in this work. Fingerprint and signature biometrics characteristics are used to develop a multimodal recognition system. Histograms of oriented gradients (HOG) features are extracted from biometric traits and for these feature fusions are applied at two levels. Features of fingerprint and signatures are fused using concatenation, sum, max, min, and product rule at multilevel stages, these features are used to train deep learning neural network model. In the proposed work, multi-level feature fusion for multimodal biometrics with a deep learning classifier is used and results are analyzed by a varying number of hidden neurons and hidden layers. Experiments are carried out on SDUMLA-HMT, machine learning and data mining lab, Shandong University fingerprint datasets, and MCYT signature biometric recognition group datasets, and encouraging results were obtained.
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K M, Prof Ramya, Pavan H, Darshan Gowda, Bhagavantray Hosamani, and Jagadeva A S. "MULTIMODAL BIOMETRIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM USING THE FUSION OF FINGERPRINT AND IRIS RECOGNITION WITH CNN APPROACH." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 6, no. 8 (2021): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2021.v06i08.036.
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Multimodal biometric systems are widely applied in many real-world applications because of its ability to accommodate variety of great limitations of unimodal biometric systems, including sensitivity to noise, population coverage, intra-class variability, nonuniversality, and vulnerability to spoofing. during this paper, an efficient and real-time multimodal biometric system is proposed supported building deep learning representations for images of both the correct and left irises of someone, and fusing the results obtained employing a ranking-level fusion method. The trained deep learning system proposed is named IrisConvNet whose architecture relies on a mix of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Softmax classifier to extract discriminative features from the input image with none domain knowledge where the input image represents the localized iris region and so classify it into one amongst N classes. during this work, a discriminative CNN training scheme supported a mixture of back-propagation algorithm and mini-batch AdaGrad optimization method is proposed for weights updating and learning rate adaptation, respectively. additionally, other training strategies (e.g., dropout method, data augmentation) also are proposed so as to gauge different CNN architectures. The performance of the proposed system is tested on three public datasets collected under different conditions: SDUMLA-HMT, CASIA-IrisV3 Interval and IITD iris database
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Feng, Dingzhong, Shanyu He, Zihao Zhou, and Ye Zhang. "A Finger Vein Feature Extraction Method Incorporating Principal Component Analysis and Locality Preserving Projections." Sensors 22, no. 10 (2022): 3691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22103691.
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In the field of biometric recognition, finger vein recognition has received widespread attention by virtue of its advantages, such as biopsy, which is not easy to be stolen. However, due to the limitation of acquisition conditions such as noise and illumination, as well as the limitation of computational resources, the discriminative features are not comprehensive enough when performing finger vein image feature extraction. It will lead to such a result that the accuracy of image recognition cannot meet the needs of large numbers of users and high security. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel feature extraction method called principal component local preservation projections (PCLPP). It organically combines principal component analysis (PCA) and locality preserving projections (LPP) and constructs a projection matrix that preserves both the global and local features of the image, which will meet the urgent needs of large numbers of users and high security. In this paper, we apply the Shandong University homologous multi-modal traits (SDUMLA-HMT) finger vein database to evaluate PCLPP and add “Salt and pepper” noise to the dataset to verify the robustness of PCLPP. The experimental results show that the image recognition rate after applying PCLPP is much better than the other two methods, PCA and LPP, for feature extraction.
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Jumaa, Shereen S., and Khamis A. Zidan. "HIGH ACCURACY RECOGNITION BIO METRICS BASED ON FINGER VEIN SCREENING SENSOR." Iraqi Journal of Information & Communications Technology 3, no. 2 (2020): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31987/ijict.3.2.101.
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One of the safest biometrics of today is finger vein- but this technic arises with some specific challenges, the most common one being that the vein pattern is hard to extract because finger vein images are always low in quality, significantly hampered the feature extraction and classification stages. Professional algorithms want to be considered with the conventional hardware for capturing finger-vein images is by using red Surface Mounted Diode (SMD) leds for this aim. For capturing images, Canon 750D camera with micro lens is used. For high quality images the integrated micro lens is used, and with some adjustments it can also obtain finger print. Features extraction was used by a combination of Hierarchical Centroid and Histogram of Gradients. Results were evaluated with K Nearest Neighbor and Deep Neural Networks using 6 fold stratified cross validation. Results displayed improvement as compared to three latest benchmarks in this field that used 6-fold validation and SDUMLA-HMT. The work novelty is owing to the hardware design of the sensor within the finger-vein recognition system to obtain, simultaneously, highly secured recognition with low computation time ,finger vein and finger print at low cost, unlimited users for one device and open source.
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Zhi-Yong Tao, Zhi-Yong Tao, Meng Wang Zhi-Yong Tao, Xin-Ru Zhou Meng Wang, Jie Li Xin-Ru Zhou, and Sen Lin Jie Li. "FFV-MBC: A Novel Fused Finger-Vein Recognition Method Based on Monogenic Binary Coding." 電腦學刊 34, no. 1 (2023): 013–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/199115992023023401002.
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<p>To improve pattern representation capabilities and robustness in traditional finger-vein recognition algorithms. In this paper, we propose FFV-MBC, a novel fused finger-vein recognition method based on monogenic binary coding (MBC). First of all, the amplitude, orientation, and phase information of the finger-vein images are filtered by a multi-scale monogenic log-Gabor filter and encoded by the binary coding theory. Three local features, MBC-A, MBC-P, and MBC-O, are achieved from different combinations of local image intensity and variation coding. After obtaining the features, we utilize the block-based Fisher Linear Discriminant method to reduce the dimension. Finally, the similarity components are calculated by the cosine distance and fused for the final finger-vein recognition results. We evaluate our proposed method on two publicly available datasets and one self-built dataset, i.e., Malaysian Polytechnic University (FV-USM), the Group of Machine Learning and Applications of Shandong University (SDUMLA-HMT), and our team, Signal and Information Processing Laboratory (FV-SIPL). On average, the proposed method achieved high recognition accuracy, i.e., 99.30%, and 1.10% equal error rates (EER). Overall, the proposed method performs better than most classical and state-of-the-art finger-vein recognition methods.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
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Kamlaskar, Chetana, and Aditya Abhyankar. "Multilinear principal component analysis for iris biometric system." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 3 (2021): 1458. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i3.pp1458-1469.
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<p>Iris biometric modality possesses inherent characteristics which make the iris recognition system highly reliable and noninvasive. Nowadays, research in this area is challenging compact template size and fast verification algorithms. Special efforts have been employed to minimize the size of the extracted features without degrading the performance of the iris recognition system. In response, we propose an improved feature fusion approach based on multilinear subspace learning to analyze Iris recognition. This approach consists of four stages. In the first stage, the eye image is segmented to extract the iris region. In the second step, wavelet packet decomposition is conducted to extract features of the iris image, since good time and frequency resolutions can be provided simultaneously by the wavelet packet decomposition. In the next step, all decomposed nodes or packets are arranged as a 3<sup>rd</sup> order tensor rather than a long vector, in which feature fusion is directly implemented with multilinear principal component analysis (MPCA). This approach provides a more compact or useful low-dimensional representation directly from the original tensorial representation. Finally, a discriminative tensor feature selection mechanism and classification strategy are applied to iris recognition problem. The obtained results indicate the usefulness of MPCA to select discriminative features and fuse them effectively. The experimental results reveal that the proposed tensor-based MPCA approach achieved a competitive matching performance on the SDUMLA-HMT Iris database with an adequate acceptable rate.</p>
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Choi, Jiho, Jin Seong Hong, Muhammad Owais, Seung Gu Kim, and Kang Ryoung Park. "Restoration of Motion Blurred Image by Modified DeblurGAN for Enhancing the Accuracies of Finger-Vein Recognition." Sensors 21, no. 14 (2021): 4635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144635.
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Among many available biometrics identification methods, finger-vein recognition has an advantage that is difficult to counterfeit, as finger veins are located under the skin, and high user convenience as a non-invasive image capturing device is used for recognition. However, blurring can occur when acquiring finger-vein images, and such blur can be mainly categorized into three types. First, skin scattering blur due to light scattering in the skin layer; second, optical blur occurs due to lens focus mismatching; and third, motion blur exists due to finger movements. Blurred images generated in these kinds of blur can significantly reduce finger-vein recognition performance. Therefore, restoration of blurred finger-vein images is necessary. Most of the previous studies have addressed the restoration method of skin scattering blurred images and some of the studies have addressed the restoration method of optically blurred images. However, there has been no research on restoration methods of motion blurred finger-vein images that can occur in actual environments. To address this problem, this study proposes a new method for improving the finger-vein recognition performance by restoring motion blurred finger-vein images using a modified deblur generative adversarial network (modified DeblurGAN). Based on an experiment conducted using two open databases, the Shandong University homologous multi-modal traits (SDUMLA-HMT) finger-vein database and Hong Kong Polytechnic University finger-image database version 1, the proposed method demonstrates outstanding performance that is better than those obtained using state-of-the-art methods.
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Cherrat, El mehdi, Rachid Alaoui, and Hassane Bouzahir. "Convolutional neural networks approach for multimodal biometric identification system using the fusion of fingerprint, finger-vein and face images." PeerJ Computer Science 6 (January 6, 2020): e248. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.248.
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In recent years, the need for security of personal data is becoming progressively important. In this regard, the identification system based on fusion of multibiometric is most recommended for significantly improving and achieving the high performance accuracy. The main purpose of this paper is to propose a hybrid system of combining the effect of tree efficient models: Convolutional neural network (CNN), Softmax and Random forest (RF) classifier based on multi-biometric fingerprint, finger-vein and face identification system. In conventional fingerprint system, image pre-processed is applied to separate the foreground and background region based on K-means and DBSCAN algorithm. Furthermore, the features are extracted using CNNs and dropout approach, after that, the Softmax performs as a recognizer. In conventional fingervein system, the region of interest image contrast enhancement using exposure fusion framework is input into the CNNs model. Moreover, the RF classifier is proposed for classification. In conventional face system, the CNNs architecture and Softmax are required to generate face feature vectors and classify personal recognition. The score provided by these systems is combined for improving Human identification. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on publicly available SDUMLA-HMT real multimodal biometric database using a GPU based implementation. Experimental results on the datasets has shown significant capability for identification biometric system. The proposed work can offer an accurate and efficient matching compared with other system based on unimodal, bimodal, multimodal characteristics.
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Kim, Wan, Jong Min Song, and Kang Ryoung Park. "Multimodal Biometric Recognition Based on Convolutional Neural Network by the Fusion of Finger-Vein and Finger Shape Using Near-Infrared (NIR) Camera Sensor." Sensors 18, no. 7 (2018): 2296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072296.
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Finger-vein recognition, which is one of the conventional biometrics, hinders fake attacks, is cheaper, and it features a higher level of user-convenience than other biometrics because it uses miniaturized devices. However, the recognition performance of finger-vein recognition methods may decrease due to a variety of factors, such as image misalignment that is caused by finger position changes during image acquisition or illumination variation caused by non-uniform near-infrared (NIR) light. To solve such problems, multimodal biometric systems that are able to simultaneously recognize both finger-veins and fingerprints have been researched. However, because the image-acquisition positions for finger-veins and fingerprints are different, not to mention that finger-vein images must be acquired in NIR light environments and fingerprints in visible light environments, either two sensors must be used, or the size of the image acquisition device must be enlarged. Hence, there are multimodal biometrics based on finger-veins and finger shapes. However, such methods recognize individuals that are based on handcrafted features, which present certain limitations in terms of performance improvement. To solve these problems, finger-vein and finger shape multimodal biometrics using near-infrared (NIR) light camera sensor based on a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) are proposed in this research. Experimental results obtained using two types of open databases, the Shandong University homologous multi-modal traits (SDUMLA-HMT) and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University Finger Image Database (version 1), revealed that the proposed method in the present study features superior performance to the conventional methods.
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Salama AbdELminaam, Diaa, Abdulrhman M. Almansori, Mohamed Taha, and Elsayed Badr. "A deep facial recognition system using computational intelligent algorithms." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0242269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242269.
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The development of biometric applications, such as facial recognition (FR), has recently become important in smart cities. Many scientists and engineers around the world have focused on establishing increasingly robust and accurate algorithms and methods for these types of systems and their applications in everyday life. FR is developing technology with multiple real-time applications. The goal of this paper is to develop a complete FR system using transfer learning in fog computing and cloud computing. The developed system uses deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) because of the dominant representation; there are some conditions including occlusions, expressions, illuminations, and pose, which can affect the deep FR performance. DCNN is used to extract relevant facial features. These features allow us to compare faces between them in an efficient way. The system can be trained to recognize a set of people and to learn via an online method, by integrating the new people it processes and improving its predictions on the ones it already has. The proposed recognition method was tested with different three standard machine learning algorithms (Decision Tree (DT), K Nearest Neighbor(KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM)). The proposed system has been evaluated using three datasets of face images (SDUMLA-HMT, 113, and CASIA) via performance metrics of accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and time. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves superiority over other algorithms according to all parameters. The suggested algorithm results in higher accuracy (99.06%), higher precision (99.12%), higher recall (99.07%), and higher specificity (99.10%) than the comparison algorithms.
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Kamlaskar, Chetana, and Aditya Abhyankar. "Iris-Fingerprint multimodal biometric system based on optimal feature level fusion model." AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering 5, no. 4 (2021): 229–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2021013.
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<abstract><p>For reliable and accurate multimodal biometric based person verification, demands an effective discriminant feature representation and fusion of the extracted relevant information across multiple biometric modalities. In this paper, we propose feature level fusion by adopting the concept of canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to fuse Iris and Fingerprint feature sets of the same person. The uniqueness of this approach is that it extracts maximized correlated features from feature sets of both modalities as effective discriminant information within the features sets. CCA is, therefore, suitable to analyze the underlying relationship between two feature spaces and generates more powerful feature vectors by removing redundant information. We demonstrate that an efficient multimodal recognition can be achieved with a significant reduction in feature dimensions with less computational complexity and recognition time less than one second by exploiting CCA based joint feature fusion and optimization. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, Left and Right Iris, and thumb Fingerprints from both hands of the SDUMLA-HMT multimodal dataset are considered in this experiment. We show that our proposed approach significantly outperforms in terms of equal error rate (EER) than unimodal system recognition performance. We also demonstrate that CCA based feature fusion excels than the match score level fusion. Further, an exploration of the correlation between Right Iris and Left Fingerprint images (EER of 0.1050%), and Left Iris and Right Fingerprint images (EER of 1.4286%) are also presented to consider the effect of feature dominance and laterality of the selected modalities for the robust multimodal biometric system.</p></abstract>
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Teng, Jackson Horlick, Thian Song Ong, Tee Connie, Kalaiarasi Sonai Muthu Anbananthen, and Pa Pa Min. "Optimized Score Level Fusion for Multi-Instance Finger Vein Recognition." Algorithms 15, no. 5 (2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a15050161.
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The finger vein recognition system uses blood vessels inside the finger of an individual for identity verification. The public is in favor of a finger vein recognition system over conventional passwords or ID cards as the biometric technology is harder to forge, misplace, and share. In this study, the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) features, which are robust against changes in illumination and position, are extracted from the finger vein for personal recognition. To further increase the amount of information that can be used for recognition, different instances of the finger vein, ranging from the index, middle, and ring finger are combined to form a multi-instance finger vein representation. This fusion approach is preferred since it can be performed without requiring additional sensors or feature extractors. To combine different instances of finger vein effectively, score level fusion is adopted to allow greater compatibility among the wide range of matches. Towards this end, two methods are proposed: Bayesian optimized support vector machine (SVM) score fusion (BSSF) and Bayesian optimized SVM based fusion (BSBF). The fusion results are incrementally improved by optimizing the hyperparameters of the HOG feature, SVM matcher, and the weighted sum of score level fusion using the Bayesian optimization approach. This is considered a kind of knowledge-based approach that takes into account the previous optimization attempts or trials to determine the next optimization trial, making it an efficient optimizer. By using stratified cross-validation in the training process, the proposed method is able to achieve the lowest EER of 0.48% and 0.22% for the SDUMLA-HMT dataset and UTFVP dataset, respectively.
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Alay, Nada, and Heyam H. Al-Baity. "Deep Learning Approach for Multimodal Biometric Recognition System Based on Fusion of Iris, Face, and Finger Vein Traits." Sensors 20, no. 19 (2020): 5523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195523.
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With the increasing demand for information security and security regulations all over the world, biometric recognition technology has been widely used in our everyday life. In this regard, multimodal biometrics technology has gained interest and became popular due to its ability to overcome a number of significant limitations of unimodal biometric systems. In this paper, a new multimodal biometric human identification system is proposed, which is based on a deep learning algorithm for recognizing humans using biometric modalities of iris, face, and finger vein. The structure of the system is based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) which extract features and classify images by softmax classifier. To develop the system, three CNN models were combined; one for iris, one for face, and one for finger vein. In order to build the CNN model, the famous pertained model VGG-16 was used, the Adam optimization method was applied and categorical cross-entropy was used as a loss function. Some techniques to avoid overfitting were applied, such as image augmentation and dropout techniques. For fusing the CNN models, different fusion approaches were employed to explore the influence of fusion approaches on recognition performance, therefore, feature and score level fusion approaches were applied. The performance of the proposed system was empirically evaluated by conducting several experiments on the SDUMLA-HMT dataset, which is a multimodal biometrics dataset. The obtained results demonstrated that using three biometric traits in biometric identification systems obtained better results than using two or one biometric traits. The results also showed that our approach comfortably outperformed other state-of-the-art methods by achieving an accuracy of 99.39%, with a feature level fusion approach and an accuracy of 100% with different methods of score level fusion.
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Mustafa, Ahmed A., and Ahmed AK Tahir. "Improving the Performance of Finger-Vein Recognition System Using A New Scheme of Modified Preprocessing Methods." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 9, no. 3 (2020): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v9n3a855.
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This paper aims at improving the performance of finger-vein recognition system using a new scheme of image preprocessing. The new scheme includes three major steps, RGB to Gray conversion, ROI extraction and alignment and ROI enhancement. ROI extraction and alignment includes four major steps. First, finger-vein boundaries are detected using two edge detection masks each of size (4 x 6). Second, the correction for finger rotation is done by calculating the finger base line from the midpoints between the upper and lower boundaries using least square method. Third, ROI is extracted by cropping a rectangle around the center of the finger-vein which is determined using the first and second invariant moments. Forth, the extracted ROI is normalized to a unified size of 192 x 64 in order to compensate for scale changes. ROI enhancement is done by applying the technique of Contrast-Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), followed by median and modified Gaussian high pass filters. The application of the given preprocessing scheme to a finger-vein recognition system revealed its efficiency when used with different methods of feature extractors and with different types of finger-vein database. For the University of Twente Finger Vascular Pattern (UTFVP) database, the achieved Identification Recognition Rates (IRR) for identification mode using three feature extraction methods Local Binary Pattern (LBP), Local Directional Pattern (LDP) and Local Line Binary Pattern (LLBP) are (99.79, 99.86 and 99.86) respectively, while the achieved Equal Error Rates (EER) for verification mode for the same feature extraction methods are (0.139, 0.069 and 0.035). For the Shandong University Machine Learning and Applications - Homologous Multi-modal Traits (SDUMLA-HMT) database, the achieved Identification Recognition Rates (IRR) for identification mode using three feature extraction methods LBP, LDP and LLBP are (99.57, 99.73 and 99.65) respectively, while the achieved Equal Error Rates (EER) for verification mode for the same feature extraction methods are (0.419, 0.262 and 0.341). These results outrage those of the previous state-of-art methods.
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Kovač, Ivan, and Pavol Marák. "Openfinger: Towards a Combination of Discriminative Power of Fingerprints and Finger Vein Patterns in Multimodal Biometric System." Tatra Mountains Mathematical Publications 77, no. 1 (2020): 109–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tmmp-2020-0012.
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Abstract Multimodal biometric systems are nowadays considered as state of the art subject. Since identity establishment in everyday situations has become very significant and rather difficult, there is a need for reliable means of identification. Multimodal systems establish identity based on more than one biometric trait. Hence one of their most significant advantages is the ability to provide greater recognition accuracy and resistance against the forgery. Many papers have proposed various combinations of biometric traits. However, there is an inferior number of solutions demonstrating the use of fingerprint and finger vein patterns. Our main goal was to contribute to this particular field of biometrics. In this paper, we propose OpenFinger, an automated solution for identity recognition utilizing fingerprint and finger vein pattern which is robust to finger displacement as well as rotation. Evaluation and experiments were conducted using SDUMLA-HMT multimodal database. Our solution has been implemented using C++ language and is distributed as a collection of Linux shared libraries. First, fingerprint images are enhanced by means of adaptive filtering where Gabor filter plays the most significant role. On the other hand, finger vein images require the bounding rectangle to be accurately detected in order to focus just on useful biometric pattern. At the extraction stage, Level-2 features are extracted from fingerprints using deep convolutional network using a popular Caffe framework. We employ SIFT and SURF features in case of finger vein patterns. Fingerprint features are matched using closed commercial algorithm developed by Suprema, whereas finger vein features are matched using OpenCV library built-in functions, namely the brute force matcher and the FLANN-based matcher. In case of SIFT features score normalization is conducted by means of double sigmoid, hyperbolic tangens, Z-score and Min-Max functions. On the side of finger veins, the best result was obtained by a combination of SIFT features, brute force matcher with scores normalized by hyperbolic tangens method. In the end, fusion of both biometric traits is done on a score level basis. Fusion was done by means of sum and mean methods achieving 2.12% EER. Complete evaluation is presented in terms of general indicators such as FAR/FRR and ROC.
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Shrey Kekade, Piyush Morey, Mayur Rajput, Sahil Karli, and Priyanka Bendale. "Review Paper on an Authentication System using Siamese Convolutional Neural Networks." International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, March 26, 2023, 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-8874.
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Due to its distinct advantages, finger vein verification has lately drawn more attention. Focusing on the characteristics of finger vein verification, construct a Siamese structure combining with a modified contrastive loss function for training the above CNN, which effectively improves the network's performance. The experimental findings demonstrate that the lightweight CNN's size shrinks to 1/6th of the pretrained-weights based CNN and that it achieves an equal error rate of 75% in the SDUMLA-HMT dataset, which outperforms cutting-edge techniques and nearly maintains the same performance as CNN that is based on pretrained weights.
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"Impostor Detection Based Finger Veins Applying Machine Learning Methods." Iraqi Journal of Computer, Communication, Control and System Engineering, September 30, 2021, 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.33103/uot.ijccce.21.3.9.
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Finger veins are different from other biometric signs; it is a special characteristic of the human body. The challenge for an imposter to explore and comprehend it, since the veins are below the skin, it is impossible to tell which one is, and which one stands out because the person has more than one finger to examine. Impostor recognition based on applying three machine-learning methods will be presented in this article, and then there is a discussion at preprocessing, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) for feature extraction, and k fold cross-validation as an evaluation method. These measures were carried out on two different datasets, which are the Shandong University Machine Learning and Applications - Homologous Multi-modal Traits (SDUMLA-HMT) Dataset and the University of Twente Finger Veins (UTFV) dataset. The classifier with the best results was Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Linear Regression (LR) had the lowest classifier accuracy. Index Terms— Machine learning, Finger Veins, Impostor, Support Vector Machine, Liner Regression, One Rule.
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"Impostor Detection Based Finger Veins Applying Machine Learning Methods." Iraqi Journal of Computer, Communication, Control and System Engineering, September 30, 2021, 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.33103/uot.ijccce.21.3.9.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Finger veins are different from other biometric signs; it is a special characteristic of the human body. The challenge for an imposter to explore and comprehend it, since the veins are below the skin, it is impossible to tell which one is, and which one stands out because the person has more than one finger to examine. Impostor recognition based on applying three machine-learning methods will be presented in this article, and then there is a discussion at preprocessing, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) for feature extraction, and k fold cross-validation as an evaluation method. These measures were carried out on two different datasets, which are the Shandong University Machine Learning and Applications - Homologous Multi-modal Traits (SDUMLA-HMT) Dataset and the University of Twente Finger Veins (UTFV) dataset. The classifier with the best results was Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Linear Regression (LR) had the lowest classifier accuracy. Index Terms— Machine learning, Finger Veins, Impostor, Support Vector Machine, Liner Regression, One Rule.
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Boucetta, Aldjia, and Leila Boussaad. "Biometric Authentication Using Finger-Vein Patterns with Deep-Learning and Discriminant Correlation Analysis." International Journal of Image and Graphics, April 22, 2021, 2250013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467822500139.
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Finger-vein identification, a biometric technology that uses vein patterns in the human finger to identify people. In recent years, it has received increasing attention due to its tremendous advantages compared to fingerprint characteristics. Moreover, Deep-Convolutional Neural Networks (Deep-CNN) appeared to be highly successful for feature extraction in the finger-vein area, and most of the proposed works focus on new Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models, which require huge databases for training, a solution that may be more practicable in real world applications, is to reuse pretrained Deep-CNN models. In this paper, a finger-vein identification system is proposed, which uses Squeezenet pretrained Deep-CNN model as feature extractor from the left and the right finger vein patterns. Then, combines this Deep-based features by using a feature-level Discriminant Correlation Analysis (DCA) to reduce feature dimensions and to give the most relevant features. Finally, these composite feature vectors are used as input data for a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier, in an identification stage. This method is tested on two widely available finger vein databases, namely SDUMLA-HMT and FV-USM. Experimental results show that the proposed finger vein identification system achieves significant high mean accuracy rates.
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Kolivand, Hoshang, Kayode Akinlekan Akintoye, Shiva Asadianfam, and Mohd Shafry Rahim. "Improved methods for finger vein identification using composite Median-Wiener filter and hierarchical centroid features extraction." Multimedia Tools and Applications, March 1, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-14469-z.
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AbstractFinger vein patterns contain highly discriminative characteristics, which are difficult to be forged due to residing underneath the skin. Several pieces of research have been carried out in this field but there is still an unresolved issue when data capturing and processing is of low quality. Low-quality data have caused errors in the feature extraction process and reduced identification performance rate in finger vein identification. The objective of this paper is to address this issue by presenting two methods, a new image enhancement, and a feature extraction method. The image enhancement, Composite Median-Wiener (CMW) filter, improves image quality and preserves the edges. Moreover, the feature extraction method, Hierarchical Centroid Feature Method (HCM), is fused with the statistical pixel-based distribution feature method at the feature-level fusion to improve the performance of finger vein identification. These methods were evaluated on public SDUMLA-HMT and FV-USM finger vein databases. Each database was divided into training and testing sets. The average result of the experiments conducted was taken to ensure the accuracy of the measurements. The k-Nearest Neighbor classifier with city block distance to match the features was implemented. Both these methods produced accuracy as high as 97.64% for identification rate and 1.11% of equal error rate (EER) for measures verification rate. These showed that the accuracy of the proposed finger vein identification method is higher than the existing methods. The results have proven that the CMW filter and HCM have significantly improved the accuracy of finger vein identification.