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de Almeida, Vitor Martins, i Osvaldo Andrade Santos-Filho. "Identification of Potential Allosteric Site Binders of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 from Plants: A Virtual and Molecular Dynamics Investigation". Pharmaceuticals 15, nr 9 (2.09.2022): 1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15091099.
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Ligand and structure-based computational screenings were carried out to identify flavonoids with potential anticancer activity. Kushenol E, a flavonoid with proven anticancer activity and, at the same time, an allosteric site binder of the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1), was used as the reference compound. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed for the screened flavonoids with known anticancer activity. The following two of these flavonoids were identified as potential inhibitors of IDO1: dichamanetin and isochamanetin. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to assess the conformational profile of IDO1-flavonoids complexes, as well as for calculating the bind-free energies.
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Park, Seon-Joo, Varun Jaiswal i Hae-Jeung Lee. "Dietary Intake of Flavonoids and Carotenoids Is Associated with Anti-Depressive Symptoms: Epidemiological Study and In Silico—Mechanism Analysis". Antioxidants 11, nr 1 (27.12.2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11010053.
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Flavonoids and carotenoids are bioactive compounds that have protective effects against depressive symptoms. Flavonoids and carotenoids are the two main types of antioxidant phytochemicals. This study investigated the association between flavonoid and carotenoid intake and depressive symptoms in middle-aged Korean females. We analyzed the mechanism of these associations using an in silico method. Depressive symptoms were screened using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and flavonoid and carotenoid intake were assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Using a multivariate logistic regression model, we found that flavones, anthocyanins, individual phenolic compounds, lycopene, and zeaxanthin were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. In silico analysis showed that most flavonoids have high docking scores for monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), which are two important drug targets in depression. The results of the docking of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and carotenoids suggested the possibility of allosteric activation of BDNF by carotenoids. These results suggest that dietary flavonoids and carotenoids can be utilized in the treatment of depressive symptoms.
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Qi, Zengxing, Ran Zhao, Jing Xu, Yanrui Ge, Ruofan Li i Ruili Li. "Accumulation Pattern of Flavonoids during Fruit Development of Lonicera maackii Determined by Metabolomics". Molecules 26, nr 22 (16.11.2021): 6913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226913.
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Lonicera maackii (Caprifoliaceae) is a large, upright shrub with fruits that contain many bioactive compounds. Flavonoids are common active substances in L. maackii. However, there is a dearth of information about the accumulation of these flavonoids and their possible medicinal value. We used targeted metabolomics analysis based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to analyze five developmental stages of L. maackii fruit. A total of 438 metabolites were identified in the five developmental stages, including 81 flavonoids and derivatives. The 81 flavonoids included 25 flavones and derivatives, 35 flavonols and derivatives, two isoflavones, three cyanidins and derivatives, eight procyanidins, and eight flavanones. In addition, we outlined the putative flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and screened their upstream metabolites. More importantly, we analyzed the accumulation patterns of several typical flavones and flavonols. The results reported here improved our understanding of the dynamic changes in flavonoids during fruit development and contributed to making full use of the medicinal value of L. maackii fruit.
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Huang, Xiaolong, Guilian Sun, Qiaohong Li i Huiqing Yan. "Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Regulatory Networks and Hub Genes in the Flavonoid Metabolism of Rosa roxburghii". Horticulturae 9, nr 2 (9.02.2023): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020233.
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Rosa roxburghii Tratt, the most popular fruit that blooms in the southwest of China, has high antioxidant properties and is rich in different flavonoids. However, the regulatory network and critical genes that regulate the flavonoid biosynthesis of R. roxburghii are still unknown. In this study, HPLC analysis revealed that total flavonoids, anthocyanins, and catechin were enriched in mature fruits, flowers, and leaves, respectively. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between five organs of R. roxburghii involved in flavonoid metabolism were obtained by transcriptome sequencing. A total of 1130 DEGs were identified, including 166 flavonoid pathway biosynthesis genes, 622 transcription factors (TFs), 301 transporters, and 221 cytochrome P450 proteins. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of the DEGs was conducted to construct co-expression networks. Regarding enzymes in the biosynthesis of flavonoids, cytochrome P450 CYP749A22 and CYP72A219 were highlighted in the regulation of total flavonoids of mature fruits. Anthocyanin 3-O-glucosyltransferase and F3′H were the top two critical enzymes for anthocyanin accumulation in flowers. By contrast, caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, and shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase were essential for catechin accumulation in leaves. Additionally, we analyzed the eigengene network of the “black” module, which had high correlations with total flavonoids (r = 0.9, p = 5 × 10−6). There were 26 eigengenes in the “black” module, consisting of 6 flavonoid biosynthesis, 14 TFs, and 6 transporters. Among them, the transcription factors RrWRKY45 (DN142829_c1_g5), RrTCP20 (DN146443_c1_g1), and RrERF118 (DN141507_c3_g2) were screened as the hub genes, which significantly correlated with total flavonoids in R. roxburghii. The present biochemical and transcriptomic data provide insights into functional genomics for breeding R. roxburghii with flavonoid accumulation.
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Xu, Sherry L., Cathy W. C. Bi, Roy C. Y. Choi, Kevin Y. Zhu, Abudureyimu Miernisha, Tina T. X. Dong i Karl W. K. Tsim. "Flavonoids Induce the Synthesis and Secretion of Neurotrophic Factors in Cultured Rat Astrocytes: A Signaling Response Mediated by Estrogen Receptor". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/127075.
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Neurotrophic factors are playing vital roles in survival, growth, and function of neurons. Regulation of neurotrophic factors in the brain has been considered as one of the targets in developing drug or therapy against neuronal disorders. Flavonoids, a family of multifunctional natural compounds, are well known for their neuronal beneficial effects. Here, the effects of flavonoids on regulating neurotrophic factors were analyzed in cultured rat astrocytes. Astrocyte is a major secreting source of neurotrophic factors in the brain. Thirty-three flavonoids were screened in the cultures, and calycosin, isorhamnetin, luteolin, and genistein were identified to be highly active in inducing the synthesis and secretion of neurotrophic factors, including nerve growth factor (NGF), glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The inductions were in time- and dose-dependent manners. In cultured astrocytes, the phosphorylation of estrogen receptor was triggered by application of flavonoids. The phosphorylation was blocked by an inhibitor of estrogen receptor, which in parallel reduced the flavonoid-induced expression of neurotrophic factors. The results proposed the role of flavonoids in protecting brain diseases, and therefore these flavonoids could be developed for health food supplement for patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases.
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Xu, Haishun, Xue Dai, Xue Hu, Haizheng Yu, Ying Wang, Bingsong Zheng, Juan Xu i Xueqian Wu. "Phylogenetic Analysis of R2R3-MYB Family Genes in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg and Roles of ThMYB4 and ThMYB7 in Flavonoid Biosynthesis". Biomolecules 13, nr 3 (15.03.2023): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13030531.
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Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (T. hemsleyanum) is an extensively used Chinese folk herb with multiple bioactivities. Among these bioactivities, flavonoids are recognized as the representative active ingredients. We previously found an elevated accumulation of flavonoids in T. hemsleyanum under water stress; however, the mechanism remains unclear. R2R3-MYB transcription factors play vital roles in the plant response to environmental stress and the regulation of secondary metabolites. Herein, a systematic transcriptome identification of R2R3-MYB family genes under water stress in T. hemsleyanum was performed to explore their potential function in the biosynthesis of flavonoids. A total of 26 R2R3-MYB genes were identified, most of which were clustered into functional branches of abiotic stress. ThMYB4 and ThMYB7 were then screened out to be associated with the biosynthesis of flavonoids through a protein-protein interaction prediction. An expression correlation analysis based on RNA-seq further confirmed that ThMYB4 and ThMYB7 were positively related to the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes of T. hemsleyanum. In ThMYB4- and ThMYB7-overexpression hairy roots, it was found that the expression of ThCHS and ThCHI was significantly increased, suggesting that ThMYB4 and ThMYB7 may act as regulators in flavonoid biosynthesis. This will shed new light on the promotion of flavonoid production and the medicinal value of T. hemsleyanum by manipulating transcription factors.
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Rahayu, Dyah Utami Cahyaning, Regina Ainunnisa Hakim, Shofi Airiza Mawarni i Andhina Rizkya Satriani. "Indonesian Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii): Extraction, Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Stability in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid". Cosmetics 9, nr 3 (1.06.2022): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9030057.
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Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) is a potential source used in cosmetics to prevent skin aging due to its flavonoids and antioxidant properties. This research aims to determine the best solvent for extracting flavonoids, to conduct a large-scale isolation of flavonoids, and to evaluate the effect of ascorbic acid and temperature on the extract’s stability for 16 weeks. Various solvents for small-scale extraction were screened based on the polarity index, and one of the best for use in large-scale maceration was selected based on the AlCl3 colorimetric flavonoid content and DPPH antioxidant activity. The stability test was performed by treating cinnamon with and without ascorbic acid at selected temperatures. This test measured physical stability, evaluated flavonoid content and antioxidant activity, and analyzed volatile and non-volatile compounds using GC-MS and LC-MS. The most excellent solvent to extract flavonoids was ethanol due to its high yield (21.50%), flavonoid content (0.01749 ± 8.0 × 10−5 mg QE/g extract), and antioxidant activity (IC50 0.0162 + 7.5 × 10−4 mg/mL). The ascorbic acid addition at both temperatures affected the stability of the pH and chemical constituents. The vast majority of the extract’s flavonoid content and antioxidant activity continued to increase until the end of the observation week. This study revealed that ethanol was the best extraction solvent, and ascorbic acid can be recommended as a stabilizer of cinnamon extract for use in cosmetics for further application.
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Ram, Baga, i Navdeep S. Bains. "Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids from in vitro tissue culture and plant parts of two plant species of Western Rajasthan". Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 2, nr 02 (30.06.2014): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.2.2.4.
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Extract of flavonoids from plant parts and callus tissues of Glinus lotoides (molluginaceae) and Psoralea odorata (fabaceae) were screened against microbes’ viz., Bacillus cerus, Escherchia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans adopting disc diffusion method. Results were compared with the zone of inhibition produced by commercially available standard antibiotics. Maximum activity was observed in flavonoid of callus tissue as compared to plant parts of both plant species.
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Bambrana, Vanishree, Dayanand Cd i Sheela Sr. "EVALUATION OF XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY BY FLAVONOIDS FROM PONGAMIA PINNATA LINN". Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, nr 3 (1.03.2017): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i3.16303.
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ABSTRACTObjective: Flavonoids from the crude seeds extract of Pongamia pinnata L., dried fruit powder of Morinda citrifolia L., bark of Mangifera indica L., andrhizome of Zingiber officinale Rosc. were screened for xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition at different concentration. The inhibitory potential of quercetinand allopurinol were used for the determination of 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and Ki values.Methods: Isolation of flavonoids from the plant extracts was processed by column chromatography and tested for XO inhibitory activity in the rangeof 6-800 μg/ml.Results: The results demonstrated that optimized flavonoids extract of P. pinnata L. exhibited promising XO inhibition. P. pinnata L., M. indica L., andZ. officinale Rosc. had IC50 in the concentration of 8.74 mM, 1.09 mM, 5.4 mM and Ki 0.35 mM, 1.73 mM, 2.7 mM, respectively.Conclusion: The study showed that plant species under investigation exhibited XO inhibition by optimized flavonoid extract. P. pinnata L. indicatedpromising XO inhibition compared to other plant extracts. Flavonoids can be used as a potent inhibitor of XO an alternative to allopurinol.Keywords: Xanthine oxidase, Quercetin, Allopurinol, Pongamia pinnata, Oxidative stress.
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Krishna Kumar, H. N., i Jyoti Bala Chauh. "Phytochemical screening and anticancer activity of leaf extracts of Physalis minima". JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN NATURAL SCIENCES 3, nr 2 (31.10.2016): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jns.v3i2.3971.
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Physalis minima a medicinally important plant of the family Solanaceae has been screened for its anticancer activity. The results of preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaf extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugars and terpenoids. Determination of total phenolic contents revealed that methanolic extract showed 78.3 mg/g of phenolic compounds. Evaluation of total flavonoid content showed 61.3 mg/g of flavonoid. It was found that the % viability of HeLa cell line & Hep2 cell line are 80% & 71.8% respectively. The percentage of growth inhibition of methanolic extract in SRB assay was found to be increase with increasing concentration against both HeLa and Hep2cell lines (68 and 58% respectively). The methanolic extract showed the strongest growth inhibitory effect on both HeLa and Hep2 cell lines (85 and 73% respectively) in MTT assay. Flavonoids have been isolated and purified from the methanolic leaf extract.
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AlZahrani, Wejdan M., Shareefa A. AlGhamdi, Sayed S. Sohrab i Mohd Rehan. "Investigating a Library of Flavonoids as Potential Inhibitors of a Cancer Therapeutic Target MEK2 Using in Silico Methods". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, nr 5 (23.02.2023): 4446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054446.
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The second leading cause of death in the world is cancer. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1 and 2 (MEK1/2) stand out among the different anticancer therapeutic targets. Many MEK1/2 inhibitors are approved and widely used as anticancer drugs. The class of natural compounds known as flavonoids is well-known for their therapeutic potential. In this study, we focus on discovering novel inhibitors of MEK2 from flavonoids using virtual screening, molecular docking analyses, pharmacokinetic prediction, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. A library of drug-like flavonoids containing 1289 chemical compounds prepared in-house was screened against the MEK2 allosteric site using molecular docking. The ten highest-scoring compounds based on docking binding affinity (highest score: −11.3 kcal/mol) were selected for further analysis. Lipinski's rule of five was used to test their drug-likeness, followed by ADMET predictions to study their pharmacokinetic properties. The stability of the best-docked flavonoid complex with MEK2 was examined for a 150 ns MD simulation. The proposed flavonoids are suggested as potential inhibitors of MEK2 and drug candidates for cancer therapy.
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Kontagora, G. F., N. Lawal, D. A. Adebote, B. Kamba, M. I. Nafiu i A. I. Jufare. "Some preliminary phytochemical screening and assessment of four solvents extracts of button weed (Borreria verticillata)". Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, nr 12 (16.02.2021): 2085–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i12.12.
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Borreria vertcillata is a woody perennial shrub with false-button weedy herb belonging to the family (Rubiaceae), used for treating/curing various forms of diseases across the world since ancient times. Qualitative phytochemical screening of Borreria vertcillata pulverized whole plant was carried out using four different solvent extracts (N-hexane, chloroform, ethyl-acetate and methanol). The phytochemicals screeened contained alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, saponnins, anthraquinones and steroids. The extracts were then screened for the presence of some phytochemicals such as alkaloids, anthraquinones, saponnins, steroids, terpenes, flavonoids, tannins and glycosides. All the extracts contained alkaloids, triterpenes and glycosides present but flavonoids, saponnins and tannins only present in ethyl acetate and methanol while anthraquinones and steroids were totally absent from the extracts .Of all the extracts Ethyl acetate extracts had the most influential effects on pathogenic organisms such as Culex quinquefasciatus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candidas albican
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Wang, Tao, Fengjiao Zhang, Weibing Zhuang, Xiaochun Shu i Zhong Wang. "Metabolic Variations of Flavonoids in Leaves of T. media and T. mairei Obtained by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS". Molecules 24, nr 18 (12.09.2019): 3323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183323.
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The needles of Taxus species contain a large number of bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids. In the present study, the total flavonoid content in leaves of Taxus media and Taxus mairei was 19.953 and 14.464 mg/g, respectively. A total of 197 flavonoid metabolites (70 flavones, 42 flavonols, 26 flavone C-glycosides, 20 flavanones, 15 anthocyanins, 13 isoflavones, 6 flavonolignans, and 5 proanthocyanidins) were identified for the first time by a widely targeted Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method within the two Taxus species, containing 160 common metabolites, with 37 unique metabolites merely determined in T. mairei or T. media. Moreover, 42 differential flavonoid metabolites were screened in the two Taxus species, which showed specific metabolic patterns in isoflavonoid biosynthesis, anthocyanin biosynthesis, and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathways. Compared to T. mairei, a more activated phenylpropanoid pathway was found in T. media, which could be responsible for the higher content of total flavonoids in T. media. Our results provide new insights into the diversity of flavonoid metabolites between T. mairei and T. media, and provide a theoretical basis for the sufficient utilization of Taxus species and the development of novel drugs.
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Ren, Chaoxiang, Chao Chen, Shuai Dong, Rui Wang, Bin Xian, Tianlei Liu, Ziqing Xi, Jin Pei i Jiang Chen. "Integrated metabolomics and transcriptome analysis on flavonoid biosynthesis in flowers of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) during colour-transition". PeerJ 10 (22.06.2022): e13591. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13591.
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Background Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), well known for its flower, is widely used as a dye and traditional Chinese medicine. Flavonoids, especially flavonoid glycosides, are the main pigments and active components. However, their biosynthesis is largely unknown. Interestingly, the colour of flowers in safflower changed from yellow to red during flower development, while much of the gene and chemical bases during colour transition are unclear. Methods In this research, widely targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics were used to elucidate the changes in flavonoid biosynthesis from the gene and chemical points of view in flowers of safflower during colour transition. The screening of differential metabolites depended on fold change and variable importance in project (VIP) value. Differential expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by DESeq2 method. RT-PCR was used to analyse relative expressions of DEGs. Results A total of 212 flavonoid metabolites, including hydroxysafflor yellow A, carthamin and anthocyanins, were detected and showed a large difference. The candidate genes of glycosyltransferases and flavonoid hydroxylase that might participate in flavonoid glycoside biosynthesis were screened. Ten candidate genes were screened. Through integrated metabolomics and transcriptome analysis, a uridine diphosphate glucose glycosyltransferase gene, CtUGT9 showed a significant correlation with flavonoid glycosides in safflower. In addition, expression analysis showed that CtUGT9 was mainly expressed in the middle development of flowers and was significantly upregulated under MeJA treatment. Our results indicated that CtUGT9 might play an important role in flavonoid glycoside biosynthesis during colour-transition in safflower.
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Bhixavatimath, Prabhulingayya S., Yasmeen Maniyar, Akram Naikawadi i Vijayakumar D. "EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SYNTHETIC FLAVONOIDS". Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research 10, nr 1 (25.02.2021): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32553/jbpr.v10i1.841.
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Introduction: In recent times, most of the currently available antimicrobial agents have developed resistance. Extensive pharmacological activities including bactericidal and bacteriostatic nature of flavonoids, made them as priority agents in this aspect of research study. Synthetic flavonoids such as hydroxy thiophen derivatives were considered to evaluate for antimicrobial activity in this study.
Objective: The present study involves the analysis for antimicrobial activity of thiophen substituted synthetic flavonoids.
Methods: Claisen-Schmidt method of condensation fallowed by oxidative cyclization reactions from substituted hydroxyacetophenone with aromatic aldehydes were used to synthesize the various analogues of flavonoid compounds. Then these compounds after their FTIR, 1H NMR, MS spectral characterization and elemental analysis, were screened for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity by using disc diffusion method followed by determining their respective zone of inhibitions.
Results: All the synthesized test flavonoid compounds exhibited the good antibacterial and antifungal spectrum activity over B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeurugenosa bacteria and Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger fungal microbes. However compounds such as F1, F2 and F4 showed moderately significant antibacterial activity against P. aerugenosa organism than the other test compounds and the same F1 and F2 test compounds exhibited significant antifungal activity at100µg concentration.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the novel thiophen substituted flavonoids (F1, F2, F3 and F4 ) found to have promising antimicrobial and antifungal activity which needs to be confirmed by in vivo studies.
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James, Jainey Puthenveettil, Pankaj Kumar, Abhishek Kumar, Katte Ishwar Bhat i Chakrakodi Shashidhara Shastry. "In Silico Anticancer Evaluation, Molecular Docking and Pharmacophore Modeling of Flavonoids against Various Cancer Targets". Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 17, nr 12 (19.11.2020): 1485–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180817999200730164222.
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Background: Designing and development of molecules for cancer treatment useful and with no side effects are a big challenge for the researchers in the field of drug discovery. The use of phytochemicals for chemoprevention is gaining more advantages, and intake of flavonoids has proved to reduce the occurrence of various cancers. Objectives: The present study was focused on selecting eight flavonoids and study them by in silico methods to analyse the interactions, affinity and pharmacophoric features that participate in the interactions between the flavonoid and the active sites of different cancer targets. Methods: The cancer targets were downloaded from the protein data bank, and flavonoids from PubChem and were docked by Glide XP molecular docking method to find the molecular interactions. The binding energy was calculated by Prime MM-GBSA application and ADMET analysis by Qikprop of Schrodinger. The anticancer potential of flavonoids screening was based on an online tool, Pass predictor. Phase module was used to find the common pharmacophore features that participate in essential interactions between the flavonoid and the active site. Results: In this study, myricetin has proved to be the best flavonoid for the treatment of breast and lung cancer with docking score of -11.50 kcal/mol and -10.56 kcal/mol respectively, whereas, quercetin has proved to be the best for prostate and colorectal cancer with docking score of -14.18 kcal/mol and -12.94 kcal/mol, respectively. The responsible forces for the interaction of these flavonoids are hydrogen bond, hydrophobic interactions, polar and pi-pi stackings. The PASS tool predicted the anticancer potential for the flavonoids, in particular, myricetin had responded highly active for most cancer cells. The hypothesis AADRR_1 has the highest survival score, which indicates the best alignment of the active ligands and represents the best pharmacophore model for anticancer activity. Conclusion: This work has screened eight flavonoids against various cancer targets and shown the binding interactions between them, stating that myricetin is the suitable lead candidate for breast and lung cancer; whereas, quercetin is the best lead for prostate and colorectal cancer. And these data are about the results obtained from PASS predictor. Moreover, the pharmacophore model has generated for the flavonoids, which correlate activities with the spatial arrangement of various chemical features. Therefore, this investigation strongly suggests that these flavonoids can be used as leads as anticancer agents.
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Ruiz-Iglesias, Patricia, Abril Gorgori-González, Malén Massot-Cladera, Margarida Castell i Francisco J. Pérez-Cano. "Does Flavonoid Consumption Improve Exercise Performance? Is It Related to Changes in the Immune System and Inflammatory Biomarkers? A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies since 2005". Nutrients 13, nr 4 (30.03.2021): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041132.
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Flavonoids are attracting increasing attention due to their antioxidant, cardioprotective, and immunomodulatory properties. Nevertheless, little is known about their role in exercise performance in association with immune function. This systematic review firstly aimed to shed light on the ergogenic potential of flavonoids. A search strategy was run using SCOPUS database. The returned studies were screened by prespecified eligibility criteria, including intervention lasting at least one week and performance objectively quantified, among others. Fifty-one studies (54 articles) met the inclusion criteria, involving 1288 human subjects, either physically untrained or trained. Secondly, we aimed to associate these studies with the immune system status. Seventeen of the selected studies (18 articles) assessed changes in the immune system. The overall percentage of studies reporting an improved exercise performance following flavonoid supplementation was 37%, the proportion being 25% when considering quercetin, 28% for flavanol-enriched extracts, and 54% for anthocyanins-enriched extracts. From the studies reporting an enhanced performance, only two, using anthocyanin supplements, focused on the immune system and found certain anti-inflammatory effects of these flavonoids. These results suggest that flavonoids, especially anthocyanins, may exert beneficial effects for athletes’ performances, although further studies are encouraged to establish the optimal dosage and to clarify their impact on immune status.
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Mutiah, Roihatul, Tanaya Jati Dharma Dewi, Arief Suryadinata i Kesimira Qonita. "Inhibition of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER-2) from Pomelo (Citrus maxima) Flavonoid Compounds: an In Silico Approach". Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention 12, nr 3 (11.03.2022): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev12iss3pp148-160.
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Citrus maxima or pomelo is a plant that has potential as an anticancer because it contains flavonoids. One of the targets of breast anticancer receptors is the HER-2 protein. This research aims to determine the anticancer activity, the toxicity of the compound, and the prediction of physicochemical properties of flavonoids contained in Citrus maxima through in silico approach. Flavonoid compounds were screened using SwissADME with Lipinski's rule of five, Torsion, TPSA, and P-Gp Non-Substrate. Compounds that passed the screening were carried out molecular docking to the HER-2 receptor (PDB ID: 3PP0) using the Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD). The HER-2 receptor (GDP ID: 3PP0) was declared valid because it had RMSD<2Å. The results showed that there were 11 flavonoid compounds that passed the screening and had a lower rerank score than the comparison compound Trastuzumab. Toxicity was predicted using the Protox II online tool and the results showed that the flavonoid compounds were in the safe limits, namely classes 5 and 3. Based on this research, it can be concluded that acacetin, diosmetin, honyucitrin, isosinensetin, nobiletin, sinensetin, and tangeretin can be candidates for breast cancer drugs based on natural ingredients.Keywords: breast cancer, Citrus maxima, HER-2, in silico.
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AlZahrani, Wejdan M., Shareefa A. AlGhamdi, Torki A. Zughaibi i Mohd Rehan. "Exploring the Natural Compounds in Flavonoids for Their Potential Inhibition of Cancer Therapeutic Target MEK1 Using Computational Methods". Pharmaceuticals 15, nr 2 (3.02.2022): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15020195.
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The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays an important role in cancer cell proliferation and survival. MAPKs’ protein kinases MEK1/2 serve as important targets in drug designing against cancer. The natural compounds’ flavonoids are known for their anticancer activity. This study aims to explore flavonoids for their inhibition ability, targeting MEK1 using virtual screening, molecular docking, ADMET prediction, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Flavonoids (n = 1289) were virtually screened using molecular docking and have revealed possible inhibitors of MEK1. The top five scoring flavonoids based on binding affinity (highest score for MEK1 is −10.8 kcal/mol) have been selected for further protein–ligand interaction analysis. Lipinski’s rule (drug-likeness) and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity predictions were followed to find a good balance of potency. The selected flavonoids of MEK1 have been refined with 30 (ns) molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The five selected flavonoids are strongly suggested to be promising potent inhibitors for drug development as anticancer therapeutics of the therapeutic target MEK1.
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I, Vinibha Rajakumari, Kalyanaraman Rajagopal, Sriraman V, Vanitha V i Mohanasundaram S. "Various chemical groups produced by endophytic fungi isolated from the Calotropis procera- A pharmaceutically important xerophytic plant". International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, nr 1 (12.03.2018): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v9i1.1188.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In the present study leaf tissue of host plant Calotropis procera was screened for the presence of endophytic fungi. The crude extract of the isolated endophytic fungi was tested for various chemical groups like alkaloids, flavonoids, diterpenoids and phenols. Our study showed the presence of 25 endophytic fungi isolated from the leaf tissue which constituted15 Hyphomycetes, 3 Ascomycetes, 3 Coelomycetes and 4 sterile forms. The qualitative analysis in all the 25 isolates showed the presence of alkaloid, phenol in 23 fungi, flavonoid in 19 and diterpenoids in 18 fungi. Fifteen endophytic fungi produced all chemical groups tested in the crude extract. Bipolaris sp a hyphomycete produced only one compound in culture. Among the four groups endophytic fungi Coelomycetes group able to produce all chemical groups tested.
Keywords: Endophytic fungi; Alkaloid; Flavonoid; Diterpenoids
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Innok, Wansiri, Thanyada Rungrotmongkol i Panita Kongsune. "Insights into Binding Affinity of Flavonoid Compounds from Thai Herbs against 2009 H1N1 Hemagglutinin". Trends in Sciences 19, nr 5 (15.02.2022): 2689. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.2689.
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Outbreak of influenza virus is one of serious concerns for public health. Hemagglutinin (HA), a spike-shaped glycoprotein on the viral surface, plays an important role during the early stage of influenza infection. In the present work, a set of flavonoids were screened against 2009 H1N1 HA by computational chemistry techniques. Among 35 flavonoids, the docking results showed that the epicatechin gallate (ECG) and puerarin exhibited a good binding affinity towards 2009 H1N1 HA. These 2 compounds were then studied by all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The predicted binding free energy of the H1-puerarin complex (–25.86 ± 2.92 kcal/mol) was slightly greater than that of H1-ECG (–22.81 ± 2.19 kcal/mol), suggesting that the puerarin and ECG could provide similar binding affinity towards 2009 H1 HA target. However, the stronger electrostatic energy contribution of ~10 kcal/mol was found in the puerarin binding to 2009 H1N1 HA. This molecular information of ligand-protein interaction could be helpful in further drug design and development for influenza treatment.
HIGHLIGHTS
The 35 flavonoid bioactive compounds were screened against 2009 H1N1 HA by molecular docking
The epicatechin gallate (ECG) and puerarin exhibited a good binding affinity and were then studied by all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations
The predicted binding free energy revealed that the puerarin and ECG could provide similar binding affinity towards 2009 H1 HA target
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Fatiqin, Awalul, Hanif Amrulloh, Ike Apriani, Aneke Lestari, Berta Erawanti, Ade Saputri, Maghfiro Gita i in. "A Comparative Study on Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Extract from Various Parts of Moringa oleifera". Indonesian Journal of Natural Pigments 3, nr 2 (31.08.2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33479/ijnp.2021.03.2.43.
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In this work, we reported a comparative study on the phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of aqueous extract from different parts of Moringa oleifera plant, i.e. leaves, twigs, stem barks, and woods. The phytochemical content of each extract was screened through qualitative analysis and followed by quantitative analysis for the determination of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. The results showed that different parts of Moringa oleifera plant would give different extracted natural products. Either leaf or twig part of Moringa oleifera contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, polyphenols, proteins, amino acids, and phenolics. Meanwhile, only flavonoids, carbohydrates, and phenolics were found in the aqueous extract of the wood part of Moringa oleifera. In agreement to the phytochemical assay, the aqueous extract of leaf part of Moringa oleifera gave the highest total phenolic content (684 ± 16.7 µg GAE mL-1) and the highest flavonoid content (514 ± 26.1 µg CE mL-1) than other parts. Consequently, the leaf extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (64.6 ± 0.69%) which is close to the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid (71.7 ± 0.56%) as the positive control. This finding is critical for the utilization of Moringa oleifera leaf part as the most potent source of antioxidant agents in the future.
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Yasir, Muhammad, Jinyoung Park, Eun-Taek Han, Won Sun Park, Jin-Hee Han, Yong-Soo Kwon, Hee-Jae Lee, Mubashir Hassan, Andrzej Kloczkowski i Wanjoo Chun. "Investigation of Flavonoid Scaffolds as DAX1 Inhibitors against Ewing Sarcoma through Pharmacoinformatic and Dynamic Simulation Studies". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, nr 11 (26.05.2023): 9332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119332.
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Dosage-sensitive sex reversal, adrenal hypoplasia critical region, on chromosome X, gene 1 (DAX1) is an orphan nuclear receptor encoded by the NR0B1 gene. The functional study showed that DAX1 is a physiologically significant target for EWS/FLI1-mediated oncogenesis, particularly Ewing Sarcoma (ES). In this study, a three-dimensional DAX1 structure was modeled by employing a homology modeling approach. Furthermore, the network analysis of genes involved in Ewing Sarcoma was also carried out to evaluate the association of DAX1 and other genes with ES. Moreover, a molecular docking study was carried out to check the binding profile of screened flavonoid compounds against DAX1. Therefore, 132 flavonoids were docked in the predicted active binding pocket of DAX1. Moreover, the pharmacogenomics analysis was performed for the top ten docked compounds to evaluate the ES-related gene clusters. As a result, the five best flavonoid-docked complexes were selected and further evaluated by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation studies at 100 ns. The MD simulation trajectories were evaluated by generating RMSD, hydrogen bond plot analysis, and interaction energy graphs. Our results demonstrate that flavonoids showed interactive profiles in the active region of DAX1 and can be used as potential therapeutic agents against DAX1-mediated augmentation of ES after in-vitro and in-vivo evaluations.
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Liesl Maria Fernandes e Mendonça, Arun B. Joshi, Anant V. Bhandarkar i Himanshu Joshi. "Evaluation of antioxidant property and anticancer prospective of the leaf extract and biofractions of Bauhinia foveolata Dalzell – A native of the Indian Western Ghats". International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, nr 3 (1.07.2021): 1886–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i3.4789.
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The current study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer potential of ethanolic leaf extract of Bauhinia foveolata Dalzell. (EEBF) and its toluene, ethyl acetate and methanolic biofractions viz., TFBF, EFBF and MFBF. Phytoconstituents were screened by adopting established procedures. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were assessed spectrophotometrically. In vitro antioxidant activity was assayed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide as free radicals, whereas anticancer activity was evaluated using sulforhodamine B assay. EEBF showed maximum phenolic content of 49.12±0.31 mg GAE/g and flavonoidal content of 28.75±0.42 mg QUE/g, than its biofractions. EEBF showed considerable antioxidant activity with IC50=19.04±0.24 μg/mL and IC50=65.85±1.22 μg/mL when compared to the standards Ascorbic acid (IC50=12.06±0.05 μg/mL) and Gallic acid (IC50=64.65±0.72 μg/mL) in DPPH and nitric oxide scavenging assays, respectively. MFBF showed significant activity with IC50=26.76±0.75 μg/mL in hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay compared to the standard Gallic acid (IC50=76.60±1.31 μg/mL). TFBF showed favourable growth inhibition of MCF-7 cells with GI50=73.5±11.96 µg/mL when compared to other samples screened (GI50>80 μg/mL) as against the standard Adriamycin (GI50<10 μg/mL) in SRB assay. The therapeutic virtues of EEBF and MFBF as free radical scavengers and TFBF as an antiproliferative may be attributed to the phenolics, flavonoids, steroids and triterpenoids present.
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Singhal, Garima, Arpita Roy i Navneeta Bharadvaja. "In-silico study on plant determined flavonoids compounds for the synthetic medications against breast cancer growth". Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 3, nr 3 (30.09.2017): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jahm.2017.3303.
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Breast cancer is one of the genuine wellbeing worries in India bringing about the most elevated death rate in females, which happens because of uncontrolled cell division and can be metastasize to different parts of the human body, and different medications are accessible to its cure. Drugs like Tamoxifen and Herceptin can cure breast cancer however these medications have their unsafe impacts on human body. This study deals with the docking, toxicity, bioactivity and ADME expectation of flavonoids compounds with HER2 and estrogen receptor, to limit the utilization of existing medications. Lipinski's channel is utilized to screen the flavonoids compounds on the premise of five tenets. Out of 200 flavonoids compounds 15 compounds were screened on the premise of Lipinski's channel. The outcomes uncovered that the top positioning screened flavonoids indicates greatest docking and minimum binding energies with the HER2 and ER receptor when contrasted and the accessible medications. The above analysis demonstrated the compounds ST026594 (7-hydroxyflavone), ST070967 (2-(- 4-fluorophenyl)- 4n-chromen-4-one), ST086622 (3-hydroxyflavone) and ST055369 (8-methylflavone) were the best compounds indicating minimum binding energy in correlation with medication Tamoxifen with Estrogen receptor and compounds ST060160 (4-hydroxyflavone) and ST058442 (6,3- dimethylflavone) were the best compounds indicating minimum binding energy in examination with medication Herceptin with HER2 receptor, were likewise bioactive and non dangerous in nature with great pharmokinetics properties and drug likeliness.
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Tang, Zizhong, Yinsheng Wang, Jingyu Yang, Yirong Xiao, Yi Cai, Yujun Wan, Hui Chen i in. "Isolation and identification of flavonoid-producing endophytic fungi from medicinal plant Conyza blinii H.Lév that exhibit higher antioxidant and antibacterial activities". PeerJ 8 (15.04.2020): e8978. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8978.
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Background Conyza blinii H. Lév is a medicinal plant that has a variety of pharmacological activities, but its study is at a standstill due to the shortage of resources. Method This study utilized the surface sterilization method to isolate endophytic fungi, and they were preliminarily identified by morphology. Flavonoid-producing strains were screened by NaNO2-Al(NO)3 colorimetry and further identified by the ITS sequence. Additionally, we used five antioxidant assays (DPPH, Hydroxyl radical, ABTS, FRAP and T-AOC assays) to systematically evaluate the antioxidant capacity of total flavonoids , and we also determined their antibacterial activity. Results In this study, 21 endophytic fungi were isolated from wild Conyza blinii H. Lév for the first time. There were six flavonoid-producing strains, especially CBL11, whose total flavonoid content reached 50.78 ± 2.4 mg/L. CBL12, CBL12-2 and CBL1-1 all exhibited excellent antioxidant activity. The effect of CBL12 was similar to that of ascorbic acid at low concentrations, and its radical scavenging rates for DPPH and ABTS were 94.56 ± 0.29 % and 99.88 ± 0.27%, respectively, while its IC50 values were only 0.11 ± 0.01 mg/mL and 0.2 ± 0.01 mg/mL. Through LC-MS, we found that CBL12 could produce many high-value flavonoids, such as 3-methoxyflavone, nobiletin, formononetin, scopoletin, and daidzein. Additionally, CBL9 had good antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Notably, we obtained the high-yield strains CBL12 and CBL9, which not only had high yields (10.64 ± 1.01 mg/L and 10.17 ± 0.11 mg/L, respectively) but also had excellent biological activity. Hence, the results of this study provide new ideas for endophytic fungi that can be exploited as a source of flavonoids and other medicinal components from Conyza blinii H. Lév. Moreover, this study can serve as a reference for the development of rare medicinal materials.
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Yuan, Jiahuan, Nan Wu, Zhichen Cai, Cuihua Chen, Yongyi Zhou, Haijie Chen, Jia Xue i in. "Metabolite Profiling and Transcriptome Analysis Explain the Difference in Accumulation of Bioactive Constituents in Taxilli Herba from Two Hosts". Genes 14, nr 5 (4.05.2023): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14051040.
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Taxilli Herba (TH) is a semi-parasitic herb and the host is a key factor affecting its quality. Flavonoids are the main bioactive constituents in TH. However, studies on the difference in accumulation of flavonoids in TH from different hosts are vacant. In this study, integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed on TH from Morus alba L. (SS) and Liquidambar formosana Hance (FXS) to investigate the relationship between the regulation of gene expression and the accumulation of bioactive constituents. The results showed that a total of 3319 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in transcriptomic analysis, including 1726 up-regulated genes and 1547 down-regulated genes. In addition, 81 compounds were identified using ultra-fast performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-time of flight ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS) analysis, and the relative contents of flavonol aglycones and glycosides were higher in TH from SS group than those from the FXS group. A putative biosynthesis network of flavonoids was created, combined with structural genes, and the expression patterns of genes were mostly consistent with the variation of bioactive constituents. It was noteworthy that the UDP-glycosyltransferase genes might participate in downstream flavonoid glycosides synthesis. The findings of this work will provide a new way to understand the quality formation of TH from the aspects of metabolite changes and molecular mechanism.
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Lathiff, Siti Mariam Abdul, Noraini Jemaon, Siti Awanis Abdullah i Shajarahtunnur Jamil. "Flavonoids from Artocarpus anisophyllus and their Bioactivities". Natural Product Communications 10, nr 3 (marzec 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000305.
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Two new prenylated flavonoids, 4′,5-dihydroxy-6,7-(2,2-dimethylpyrano)-2′-methoxy-8-γ,γ-dimethylallylflavone 1 and 3′-hydroxycycloartocarpin 2 along with six known flavonoids, 5,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxy-8-prenylflavanone 3, isobavachalcone 4, pyranocycloartobiloxanthone A 5, artocarpin 6, chaplashin 7 and cycloartocarpin 8 were isolated for the first time from the leaves and the heartwoods of Artocarpus anisophyllus Miq. The structures of isolated flavonoids were elucidated spectroscopically using 1D and 2D NMR, FTIR, MS, UV and also by comparison with literature data. These flavonoids were screened for their antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. The dichloromethane and ethyl acetate crude extracts together with 3′-hydroxycycloartocarpin 2, pyranocycloartobiloxanthone A 5 and artocarpin 6 showed DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity with SC50 values of 80.2, 40.0, 152.9, 20.2 and 140.0 μg/mL in 30 min, respectively. Pyranocycloartobiloxanthone A 5 exhibited significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity against tyrosinase from mushroom with IC50 values of 60.5 μg/mL.
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Giri, Hari, i Meena Rajbhandari. "Phytochemical Evaluation of Some Medicinal Plants of Puthan District of Nepal". Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 19, nr 1 (1.07.2020): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v19i1.29789.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Different parts of eleven medicinal plants used in the traditional medicine in Puthan district were collected. Three different extracts, methanol, 50% aqueous methanoland 70% aqueous acetone extractswere prepared for each plant material. The methanol extractswere screened for the presence of different classes of phytochemicals. Total phenolic andflavonoid content, as well as DPPH freeradical scavenging activity, were evaluated. All the investigated extracts contain a high amount of phenolics and flavonoids.The highest amount of phenolicsand flavonoids were detected in the methanolextract of bark of Bauhinia variegate(355.35+3.69 mg GAE/g and 209.23 ±1.25 mg QE/g extract). Among the eight tested extracts, the highest radical scavenging activity was shown by methanol extract of bark of B. variegate (IC50 3.68 μg/ml). The extract having the highest phenolic and flavonoid content showed the lowest IC50 demonstrating the positive correlation between radical scavenging activity and total phenolic and flavonoid content.
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Lu, Jinkai, Xinyu Mao, Yuan Xu, Sian Liu i Li Wang. "MicroRNA Identification and Integrated Network Analyses for Age-Dependent Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba". Forests 14, nr 9 (24.08.2023): 1706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14091706.
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Ginkgo biloba leaves contain abundant flavonoids, and flavonoid accumulation is affected by age. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the plant aging pathway. However, the miRNAs involved in flavonoid biosynthesis related to age in G. biloba have rarely been studied. In this study, we compared 1-, 4-, and 7-year-old ginkgo seedings and found a significant decrease in the content of quercetin, kaempferol, and total flavonol aglycones with age. We then profiled miRNAs in G. biloba through high-throughput sequencing on leaf samples of 1-, 4-, and 7-year-old ginkgo. GO and KEGG analyses suggest that photosynthesis and hormones may influence the flavonoid content. In particular, we identified 29 miRNAs related to the aging pathway according to their miRNA expression patterns. Correlation analysis of age-related miRNAs and major flavonoid compounds screened 17 vital miRNAs, including miRN79, miR535a, miR166a, miR171a, and miR396. Interactive miRNA-transcription factor network analysis suggested that the pivotal miRN79-DELLA and miR535a-SPL modules may be involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and aging pathways through post-transcriptional regulation. Our findings provide insights into the age-dependent regulatory roles of miRNAs in flavonoid biosynthesis.
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Bajrai, Leena Hussein, Aiah M. Khateb, Maha M. Alawi, Hashim R. Felemban, Anees A. Sindi, Vivek Dhar Dwivedi i Esam Ibraheem Azhar. "Glycosylated Flavonoid Compounds as Potent CYP121 Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Biomolecules 12, nr 10 (23.09.2022): 1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12101356.
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Due to the concerning rise in the number of multiple- and prolonged-drug-resistant (MDR and XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, unprecedented demand has been created to design and develop novel therapeutic drugs with higher efficacy and safety. In this study, with a focused view on implementing an in silico drug design pipeline, a diverse set of glycosylated flavonoids were screened against the Mtb cytochrome-P450 enzyme 121 (CYP121), which is established as an approved drug target for the treatment of Mtb infection. A total of 148 glycosylated flavonoids were screened using structure-based virtual screening against the crystallized ligand, i.e., the L44 inhibitor, binding pocket in the Mtb CYP121 protein. Following this, only the top six compounds with the highest binding scores (kcal/mol) were considered for further intermolecular interaction and dynamic stability using 100 ns classical molecular dynamics simulation. These results suggested a considerable number of hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions and thermodynamic stability in comparison to the reference complex, i.e., the CYP121-L44 inhibitor. Furthermore, binding free energy via the MMGBSA method conducted on the last 10 ns interval of MD simulation trajectories revealed the substantial affinity of glycosylated compounds with Mtb CYP121 protein against reference complex. Notably, both the docked poses and residual energy decomposition via the MMGBSA method demonstrated the essential role of active residues in the interactions with glycosylated compounds by comparison with the reference complex. Collectively, this study demonstrates the viability of these screened glycosylated flavonoids as potential inhibitors of Mtb CYP121 for further experimental validation to develop a therapy for the treatment of drug-resistant Mtb strains.
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Krishna Swaroop, Akey, Esakkimuthukumar M, Patnaik S.K, Vasanth P, Jeyaprakash M.R, Jawahar N i Jubie S. "Dual Modulation of IL-6 Pathway by Flavonoid Metal Complex as Immune Boosters for SARS-CoV-2 Therapy". ECS Transactions 107, nr 1 (24.04.2022): 9771–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.9771ecst.
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It is observed that Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) is one of the major causes of the death of several COVID-19 patients. Though several cytokines are involved in CRS, IL-6 modulation plays a major role. We aim to develop new flavonoid metal complexes as immune boosters targeting IL-6 for SARS-CoV-2 treatment. To find potential flavonoids, PyRx 0.9 tool has been used to dock 152 secondary plant metabolites against IL-6 (PDB ID: 1ALU). The top scorer flavonoid (quercetin) was made into quercetin zinc ascorbic acid metal complex (QM-1). The in-vitro hemolytic research revealed a modest hemolytic effect in the QM1 metal complex. To control the IL-6 inhibitory potential, the QM1 complex was screened for cytotoxicity in cell lines MCF-7 which predominantly expresses the IL-6 level. The cytotoxic effects of the QM1 complex were considered relative to the marketable Nutridac formulation. The complex quercetin-zinc-ascorbic acid (QM1) significantly affected MCF-7 cells in concentrations 48.54 μg/mL, respectively.
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Hou, Huimin, Ying Wang, Chunshi Li, Jian Wang i Yanli Cao. "Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Is a Target Protein of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate". BioMed Research International 2020 (11.02.2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5370759.
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major active ingredient in green tea, has various health benefits. It affects glucose metabolism, but the mechanism is not well understood. This study aimed to identify targets of EGCG related to glucose metabolism. The core fragment of EGCG is a flavonoid. The flavonoid scaffold was used as a substructure to find proteins cocrystallized with flavonoids in the Protein Data Bank. The proteins identified were screened in PubMed for known relationships with diabetes. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4; PDB 5J3J) was identified following this approach. By molecular docking, the interactions of EGCG and DPP4 were assessed. To test the stability of the interactions between EGCG and DPP4, molecular dynamics simulation for 100 ns was performed using Desmond software. In vitro, the concentration of EGCG required to inhibit DPP4 activity by 50% (the IC50 value) was 28.42 μM. These data provide a theoretical basis for intervention in glucose metabolism with EGCG.
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Ram, Menavath Tulasi Naik, Sai Kushal Gunturu, Afzal Basha Shaik, Yadlapalli Jaya Prasanth Babu i Sardena Siyonu Kumari. "Studies of Antibacterial Activity of the Seed Extract of Solanum surattense Burm. F ." Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 21, nr 4 (15.12.2022): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18579/jopcr/v21i4.22.24.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Crude Flavonoids extracted from crushed seeds of dried ripe fruits of Solanum surattense Burm F. were screened for antimicrobial activity against two bacteria – Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans – which were found to be major contributers for occurrence of Dental caries. Minimum inhibitory concentration, Minimum bactericidal concentration, and Time Kill curve of the extract against each sensitive test pathogen, were evaluated. The flavonoid extract showed good antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans than towards Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. MIC & MBC of Streptococcus mutans is 25µg/mL & 25µg/mL respectively. MIC & MBC of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is 50µg/mL & 50µg/mL respectively. Time Kill Curve of Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was 2hr and 2hr respectively. Keywords: Solanum surattense, Streptococcus mutans, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Minimum bactericidal concentration, Time kill curve
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Zeng, Xiaofeng, Xiao Wang, Yanling Zeng, Jinbo Hou i Zhiming Liu. "Flavonoid Metabolome-Based Active Ingredient Mining and Callus Induction in Catalpa bungei C. A. Mey". Forests 14, nr 9 (5.09.2023): 1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14091814.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Catalpa bungei C. A. Mey is a unique and precious multi-purpose tree species that possesses great timber-related, ornamental and medicinal values. In this study, MS, N6 and DKW were used as basic media, and different concentrations of 6-BA and NAA were added for callus induction. The induction rate and total flavonoid content of callus tissue showed that the best callus induction medium was DKW + 2.0 mg·L−1 6-BA + 0.5–1.0 mg·L−1 NAA. The leaves of different bark phenotypes of C. bungei C. A. Mey and the callus tissue extracted from young leaves of C. bungei C. A. Mey were used as experimental materials to construct metabolomic profiles of widely targeted flavonoids. Based on the metabolomic databases, the predominant flavonoids were screened from the callus tissues. Eight flavonoid metabolites increased in callus, and diosmetin-7-O-rutinoside (diosmin) was the flavonoid constituent with the shortest retention time, most efficient detection and best medicinal functions among these 8. The optimal medium for callus induction was supplemented with different concentrations of elicitors (salicylic acid SA and yeast extract YE). The optimal elicitor and the amount to be added were determined by analyzing the induction rate of callus, as well as the total contents of flavonoids and diosmin. The addition of SA and YE in appropriate amounts increased the total flavonoid content in the callus, but only the addition of YE promoted the formation of diosmin in the callus. The optimal medium formulation to promote the formation of callus was DKW + 2.0 mg·L−1 6-BA + 1.0 mg·L−1 NAA + 30 g·L−1 sucrose + 6.8 g·L−1 agar + 10 μmol·L−1 SA. The medium formulation to optimally increase the content of geraniol glucoside was DKW + 2.0 mg·L−1 6-BA + 1.0 mg·L−1 NAA + 30 g·L−1 sucrose + 6.8 g·L−1 agar + 200 mg·L−1 YE. The results of the present study will provide a scientific basis for the subsequent increase in the content of the active components of the suspension cells via the addition of elicitors, and for the production of diosmin in factory settings.
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Hossain, M. S., S. Parvin, S. Dutta, M. S. I. Mahbub i M. E. Islam. "Studies on In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Methanolic Extract and Fractions of Ficus Hispida Lin. Fruits". Journal of Scientific Research 8, nr 3 (1.09.2016): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v8i3.26711.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The present study was designed to confirm the traditional use of the fruits of Ficus hispida Linn. (Moraceae) as an antioxidant agent. Fruits of the plant extracted with methanol and crude methanol extract (CME) were further fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. All the fractions, n-hexane (NHF), chloroform (CHF), ethyl acetate (EAF), aqueous (AQF) and CME were preliminary screened for in vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic and total flavonoid content. In DPPH radical scavenging assay, CME exhibited highest scavenging activity (IC50 = 11.20 µg/mL) as compared to other fractions. In this assay, IC50 of reference standard BHT was 5.10 µg/mL. The reducing power of the samples was in the order as AQF > CME > CHF > EAF > NHF. The results for hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity indicated that CME, EAF and AQF had almost the same scavenging activity except NHF. Total antioxidant capacity of CME and other fractions were ranked as CHF > AQF > CME > EAF > NHF. In the assay of antioxidant constituents (total phenol and total flavonoids content), the CME had highest phenolic and flavonoids content. The results indicate that Ficus hispida fruits could be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidant.
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Middha, Sushil Kumar, Talambedu Usha i Veena Pande. "HPLC Evaluation of Phenolic Profile, Nutritive Content, and Antioxidant Capacity of Extracts Obtained fromPunica granatumFruit Peel". Advances in Pharmacological Sciences 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/296236.
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This study revealed polyphenolic content, nutritive content, antioxidant activity, and phenolic profile of methanol and aqueous extracts ofPunica granatumpeel extract. For this, extracts were screened for possible antioxidant activities by free radical scavenging activity (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The total phenolics and flavonoid recovered by methanolic (MPE) and the water extract (AQPE) were ranged from 185 ± 12.45 to 298.00 ± 24.86 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalents)/gm and 23.05 ± 1.54 to 49.8 ± 2.14 quercetin (QE) mg/g, respectively. The EC50of herbal extracts ranged from 100 µg/ml (0.38 quercetin equivalents), for AQPE, 168 µg/ml (0.80 quercetin equivalents), for MPE. The phenolic profile in the methanolic extracts was investigated by chromatographic (HPLC) method. About 5 different flavonoids, phenolic acids, and their derivatives including quercetin (1), rutin (2), gallic acid (3), ellagic acid (4), and punicalagin as a major ellagitannin (5) have been identified. Among both extracts, methanolic extract was the most effective. This report may be the first to show nutritive content and correlation analysis to suggest that phenols and flavonoids might contribute the high antioxidant activity of this fruit peel and establish it as a valuable natural antioxidant source applicable in the health food industry.
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Dilshad, Erum, Maria Idrees, Bareera Sajid, Anum Munir i Sahar Fazal. "Non-Toxic Flavonoids of Artemisia annua can be used as Anti-Cancer Compounds: A Computational Analysis". Life and Science 3, nr 4 (20.10.2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.195.
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Objective: To identify potential flavonoids of Artemisia annua effective against cancer using computationalapproaches.Study Design: Computational approaches were used to predict the anticancer activity of flavonoids throughCDRUG, comparing it with the standard anticancer drug, followed by determining physiochemical propertiesand toxicity prediction of the selected flavonoids.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences ofCapital University of Science and Technology (CUST) Islamabad, from December 2017 to July 2018.Materials and Methods: The flavonoids of Artemisia annua L were downloaded and computational techniques such as similarity search, toxicity prediction, targets identification etc. were applied to investigate their anti-cancer activities.Results: Luteoline, Cirsilineol, Cirsiliol, Eupatorin, Crisimaritin and Artemetin showed positive results among allthe tested flavonoids. These compounds have the potential to replace anti-cancer drugs because of anti-canceractivity, toxicity against cancer cells and similarity with approved anti-cancer agents.Conclusion: The screened compounds are good candidate for future drugs to be used against cancer. However,this is an in-silico study requiring further laboratory and enzymatic assays confirmation, which can be done invitro in future.
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Sannigrahi, Santanu, Upal Kanti Mazumder, Arijit Mondal, Dilipkumar Pal, Silpi Lipsa Mishra i Souvik Roy. "Flavonoids of Enhydra Fluctuans Exhibit Anticancer Activity against Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma in Mice". Natural Product Communications 5, nr 8 (sierpień 2010): 1934578X1000500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1000500818.
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Flavonoids obtained from Enhydra fluctuans (FEF) were screened for anticancer activity against Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) bearing Swiss albino mice. The anticancer activity was assessed by measuring the tumor growth response, percentage increase of life span, hematological parameters, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activity, like GSH and CAT. Two flavonoids, baicalein 7- O-glucoside and baicalein 7- O-diglucoside, were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction. Treatment with FEF caused a significant decrease in the tumor cell volume and increase of life span. All the hematological parameters, malonaldehyde content and antioxidant enzyme activity were restored towards the normal level. FEF was found to be cytotoxic in the in-vitro model.
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Wang, Pan, Tao Hou, Fangfang Xu, Fengbin Luo, Han Zhou, Fan Liu, Xiaomin Xie i in. "Discovery of Flavonoids as Novel Inhibitors of ATP Citrate Lyase: Structure–Activity Relationship and Inhibition Profiles". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, nr 18 (15.09.2022): 10747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810747.
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ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) is a key enzyme in glucolipid metabolism and its aberrantly high expression is closely associated with various cancers, hyperlipemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Prospects of ACLY inhibitors as treatments of these diseases are excellent. To date, flavonoids have not been extensively reported as ACLY inhibitors. In our study, 138 flavonoids were screened and 21 of them were subjected to concentration–response curves. A remarkable structure–activity relationship (SAR) trend was found: ortho-dihydroxyphenyl and a conjugated system maintained by a pyrone ring were critical for inhibitory activity. Among these flavonoids, herbacetin had a typical structure and showed a non–aggregated state in solution and a high inhibition potency (IC50 = 0.50 ± 0.08 μM), and therefore was selected as a representative for the ligand–protein interaction study. In thermal shift assays, herbacetin improved the thermal stability of ACLY, suggesting a direct interaction with ACLY. Kinetic studies determined that herbacetin was a noncompetitive inhibitor of ACLY, as illustrated by molecular docking and dynamics simulation. Together, this work demonstrated flavonoids as novel and potent ACLY inhibitors with a remarkable SAR trend, which may help design high–potency ACLY inhibitors. In–depth studies of herbacetin deepened our understanding of the interactions between flavonoids and ACLY.
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Vergallo, Cristian, Elisa Panzarini i Luciana Dini. "High performance liquid chromatographic profiling of antioxidant and antidiabetic flavonoids purified from Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf ethanolic extract". Pure and Applied Chemistry 91, nr 10 (25.10.2019): 1631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-1221.
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Abstract Azadirachta indica (neem) is a tropical and semi-tropical tree native to the whole Indian subcontinent. Neem leaves are rich in flavonoids, which exhibit important pharmacological activities targeting almost all human organs. In order to produce a purified extract of neem leaves enriched of antioxidant and antidiabetic flavonoids, the ethanolic extract of neem leaves has been further undergone to liquid-liquid extractions by using three different organic solvents, i.e. dichloromethane, n-butanol and ethyl acetate. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed on the extracts obtained by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Astragalin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, nicotiflorin and rutin were the only flavonoids found among those screened. By comparing all HPLC chromatograms of purified extracts as obtained with different solvents, it was found that the qualitative-quantitative composition of flavonoids depends upon the extraction solvent used; in particular, dichloromethane allows extraction of 89.5 % quercitrin, 5.3 % isoquercitrin, 5.2 % rutin; n-butanol allows extraction of 6.0 % isoquercitrin, 6.2 % nicotiflorin, 87.8 % rutin; ethyl acetate allows extraction of 4.2 % astragalin, 12.0 % quercitrin, 50.3 % isoquercitrin, 6.7 % nicotiflorin, 26.9 % rutin. Thus, depending on the specific purposes and needs, each of these three extraction solvents has the potential to prepare formulations enriched with the most suitable flavonoids composition.
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Mohan, Baskar, Vadamalai Krishnan K i Muthuraman K. "Evaluation of Pterospermum suberifolium L. Willd Leaves for the Phytochemical Constituents and their in vitro Activities". International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 11, nr 3 (2.10.2020): 547–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v11i3.1541.
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The present study was intended to investigate the phytochemical constituents present in the leaves of Pterospermum suberifolium L. WILLD and the in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the various extracts prepared by different solvents including aqueous, methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane. The crude extracts were screened for the presence of various phytochemical constituents and the presence of phenols, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids were ascertained. The quantitative estimation of phenols and flavonoids were determined. The antioxidant activities of the plant leaf extracts were determined by the DPPH assay, the Phosphomolybdenum assay and the Nitric oxide scavenging assay. It was found that methanolic leaf extract of P. suberifolium possessed high antioxidant activity and found to have potential phytochemical constituents.
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Zhong, Bin, Xianhua Huang, Yizhou Zheng, Xiaohua Guo i Longhuo Wu. "The discovery and development of transthyretin amyloidogenesis inhibitors: what are the lessons?" Future Medicinal Chemistry 13, nr 23 (grudzień 2021): 2083–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc-2021-0248.
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Transthyretin (TTR) is associated with several human amyloid diseases. Various kinetic stabilizers have been developed to inhibit the dissociation of TTR tetramer and the formation of amyloid fibrils. Most of them are bisaryl derivatives, natural flavonoids, crown ethers and carborans. In this review article, we focus on TTR tetramer stabilizers, genetic therapeutic approaches and fibril remodelers. The binding modes of typical bisaryl derivatives, natural flavonoids, crown ethers and carborans are discussed. Based on knowledge of the binding of thyroxine to TTR tetramer, many stabilizers have been screened to dock into the thyroxine binding sites, leading to TTR tetramer stabilization. Particularly, those stabilizers with unique binding profiles have shown great potential in developing the therapeutic management of TTR amyloidogenesis.
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Yang, Yuangui, Yanli Zhao, Zhitian Zuo i Yuanzhong Wang. "Determination of Total Flavonoids for Paris Polyphylla Var. Yunnanensis in Different Geographical Origins Using UV and FT-IR Spectroscopy". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, nr 2 (1.03.2019): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0188.
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Abstract Background: Paris polyphylla var. Yunnanensis (PPY) is used in the clinical treatment of tumors, hemorrhages, and anthelmintic. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine total flavonoids of PPY in the Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces, China. Methods: In this study, total flavonoids were determined by UV spectrophotometry at first. Then, Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-IR) based on various pretreatments include standard normal variate (SNV), first derivative (FD), second derivative (SD), Savitzky-Golay (SG), and orthogonal signal correction (OSC) were investigated. In addition, several relevant variables were screened by competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS). The contentof total flavonoids and selected variables of FT-IRwere used to establish a partial least squares regression for PPY in different regions. Results: The results indicated that CARS was an effective method for decreasing the variable of thedatabase and improving the prediction of the model.FT-IR with pretreatment SNV + OSC + FD + SG had thebest performance, with R2 > 0.9 and residual predictive deviation = 3.3515, which could be used forthe predictive model of total flavonoids. Conclusions: Those results would provide a fast and robust strategy for the determination of total flavonoids of PPY in different geographical origin. Highlights: Various pretreatments, including SNV, FD, SD, SG, and OSC, were compared; several relevant variables were selected by CARS; and the content of total flavonoids and selected variable were used to establish a partial leastsquares regression for PPY in different regions.
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Saoudi, Soulef, Seddik Khennouf i Nozha Mayouf. "Phenolic compounds of Pyrus communis fruit methanol extract and evaluation of antioxidant activity". Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, nr 6 (15.11.2020): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i6.4574.
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Pear (Pyrus communis.) fruit is popular among consumers due to its high nutritive value, good taste and low caloric level. This study examined polyphenolic content, antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of methanol extract of Pyrus communis fruit. Extract were screened for possible antioxidant activities using free radical scavenging activity of DPPH, hydroxyl scavenging activity and reducing power assays. This extract contain high polyphenolic and flavonoids contents (172.5 ± 0.005 mg GAE/g dry extract and 5.34 ± 0.003mg QE/g dry extract) respectively. Similarly, this extract showed high antioxidant activity using DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging and reducing power with an IC50 value of 0.682 ± 0.022 mg/ml, 0.47 ± 0.06 mg/ml and 1.17 ± 0.029 mg/ml respectively. The phenolic profile in the methanolic extracts was investigated using Ultra high liquid chromatography (UPLC). Four different phenolic acids gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid and protocatechuic acid have been identified. Some flavonoids have also been identified such as rutin and kaempherol derivative. In conclusion, the present study showed that Pyrus communis exhibited good antioxidant activity which is probably related to phenolics and flavonoids present in the extract.
Keywords: Pyrus communis, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, antioxidant activity.
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Chaikhong, Kamonwan, Sawarin Chumpolphant, Panthakarn Rangsinth, Chanin Sillapachaiyaporn, Siriporn Chuchawankul, Tewin Tencomnao i Anchalee Prasansuklab. "Antioxidant and Anti-Skin Aging Potential of Selected Thai Plants: In Vitro Evaluation and In Silico Target Prediction". Plants 12, nr 1 (22.12.2022): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12010065.
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The skin is the largest organ that performs a variety of the body’s essential functions. Impairment of skin structure and functions during the aging process might severely impact our health and well-being. Extensive evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species play a fundamental role in skin aging through the activation of the related degradative enzymes. Here, the 16 Thai medicinal plant species were screened for their potential anti-skin aging properties. All extracts were investigated for total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant, anti-elastase, and anti-tyrosinase activities, as well as the binding ability of compounds with target enzymes by molecular docking. Among all the plants screened, the leaves of A. occidentale and G. zeylanicum exhibited strong antioxidants and inhibition against elastase and tyrosinase. Other potential plants include S. alata leaf and A. catechu fruit, with relatively high anti-elastase and anti-tyrosinase activities, respectively. These results are also consistent with docking studies of compounds derived from these plants. The inhibitory actions were found to be more highly positively correlated with phenolics than flavonoids. Taken together, our findings reveal some Thai plants, along with candidate compounds as natural sources of antioxidants and potent inhibitors of elastase and tyrosinase, could be developed as promising and effective agents for skin aging therapy.
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Pillai, Bhinu V. S., i Sanjay Swarup. "Elucidation of the Flavonoid Catabolism Pathway in Pseudomonas putida PML2 by Comparative Metabolic Profiling". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, nr 1 (styczeń 2002): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.1.143-151.2002.
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ABSTRACT Flavonoids are 15-carbon plant secondary metabolites exuded in the rhizosphere that hosts several flavonoid-degrading bacteria. We studied flavonoid catabolism in a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial strain of Pseudomonas by using a combination of biochemical and genetic approaches. Transposants carrying mini-Tn5gfp insertions were screened for flavonoid auxotrophy, and these mutant strains were found to be unable to grow in the flavonols naringenin and quercetin, while their growth in glycerol was comparable to that of the parental strain. In order to understand flavonoid catabolism, culture supernatants, whole-cell fractions, cell lysate, and cell debris of the wild-type and mutant strains were analyzed. Intermediates that accumulated intracellularly and those secreted in the medium were identified by a combination of reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Structures of four key intermediates were confirmed by one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Comparative metabolic profiling of the compounds in the wild-type and mutant strains allowed us to understand the degradation events and to identify six metabolic intermediates. The first step in the pathway involves 3,3′-didehydroxylation, followed by hydrolysis and cleavage of the C-ring, leading via subsequent oxidations to the formation of protocatechuate. This is the first report on quercetin dehydroxylation in aerobic conditions leading to naringenin accumulation.
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Tran, Pham Linh Phuong, i Hong Phu Le. "Plant Flavonoids as Potential Natural Antioxidants in Phytocosmetics". Journal of Technical Education Science, nr 70B (28.06.2022): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54644/jte.70b.2022.1172.
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Phytocosmetics, the sub-discipline of cosmetology which primarily uses plant and plant extracts in beauty treatments, has been endorsed for thousands of years. After a period of time being pushed aside by an enormous wave of interest in synthetic products, phytocosmetics is slowly but surely returning to its propitious moment. Botanical compounds, among which flavonoids are highlighted, are being recognized for their biological activities – namely antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and photoprotective activities. The purpose of this paper is to review updates in the extensive research into the potential of flavonoids in cosmetic applications, in order to demonstrate the newest achievement and encourage more interest into the field. A literature search was performed in PubMed in February and March 2022 with key terms including “phytocosmetics”, “flavonoids” and “antioxidant”. To keep the search topical, the publication years were limited to after 2010. The results were screened with the exclusion criteria of duplicate papers, irrelevant research, and non-English articles. The antioxidant activity of flavonoids have been widely established in a variety of plant sources. Their potential in cosmetics is also evident and has been attributed to their chemical structures, with their biological mechanisms starting to be better understood. In conclusion, flavonoids have been shown to be a viable alternative to synthetic antioxidants for cosmetic applications. However, there is still a need to evaluate effective delivery aids and formulations.
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Hassan, Yusuf, i Magaji Ilu Barde. "Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Potential of Selected Nigerian Vegetables". International Annals of Science 8, nr 1 (21.07.2019): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ias.8.1.12-16.
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Reducing power activities of ten vegetables commonly consumed in Katsina State, Nigeria have been assessed with the view of establishing their antioxidant capacities. Preliminary, the phytochemicals of the individual plants were screened, and it was found that various constituents were present. In particular, flavonoids and anthraquinones were found in Ficus glumosa which also appeared to demonstrate the best reducing power activity (4.898 at 25 mg/L).
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Dhakar, Ram Chand, Sunil Kumar Prajapati, Sheo Datta Maurya, Vijay Kumar Tilak, Manas Kumar Das, Soumya Das, Krishan Kumar Verma i Nilesh Jain. "Antioxidant Potential of Cordia dichotoma: A Review". Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences 1, nr 1 (25.12.2021): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajdhs.v1i1.6.
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Many plants of genus Cordia comprise of trees and shrubs are widely distributed in warmer regions and have been utilized in management of various diseases. Many phytochemicals like flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes, tannins, and glyceridess having different activities were screened and isolated from different parts of C. dichotoma. Various important Pharmacological properties including Antiulcer, Contraceptives, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, analgesic, anticancer, Antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic and others have been well documented for this plant. C. dichotoma is a promising source of natural antioxidants which possess remarkable therapeutic action as inflammatory activity. In the present review, we have briefly reviewed the Antioxidant Potential of C. dichotoma that can be followed for future research on this plant for health benefits. Keywords: Cordia dichotoma, Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, flavonoids