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Bamigboye, Gideon O., David O. Olukanni, Adeola A. Adedeji i Kayode J. Jolayemi. "Experimental Study on the Workability of Self-Compacting Granite and Unwashed Gravel Concrete". International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 31 (lipiec 2017): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.31.69.
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This study deals mainly with the mix proportions using granite and unwashed gravel as coarse aggregate for self-compacting concrete (SCC) and its workability, by considering the water absorption of unwashed gravel aggregate. Mix proportions for SCC were designed with constant cement and fine aggregate while coarse aggregates content of granite-unwashed gravel combination were varied in the proportion 100%, 90%/10%, 80%/20%, 70%/30%, 60%/40%, 50% /50%, represented by SCC1, SCC2, SCC3, SCC4, SCC5 and SCC6. 100% granite (SCC1) serves as the control. The workability of the samples was quantitatively evaluated by slump flow, T500, L-box, V- funnel and sieve segregation tests. Based on the experimental results, a detailed analysis was conducted. It was found that granite and unwashed gravel with SCC1, SCC2 and SCC3 according to EFNARC (2002) standard have good deformability, fluidity and filling ability, which all passed consistency test. SCC1, SCC2 and SCC3 have good passing ability while all mixes were in the limit prescribed by EFNARC (2002). It can be concluded that the mix design for varying granite-unwashed gravel combination for SCC presented in this study satisfy various requirements for workability hence, this can be adopted for practical concrete structures.
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N, Sharankumar. "Flexural Behaviour of SCC Beams Incorporating Industrial Wastes". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, nr 6 (30.06.2023): 464–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.53697.
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Abstract: Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a concrete form developed in Japan. Because of its novelty, this form of concrete differs from traditional concrete. Compaction is required for conventional concrete, but not for SCC which is utilized in substantially reinforced constructions where it is challenging to compact concrete. Industrial wastes such as Fly Ash (FA) and Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) [which contaminate the environment] are used as partial replacements for cement, and, Granite Powder (GP) and Eco Sand (EC) are used as partial replacements for M-sand. The optimum mix proportions of casted beams obtained by Taguchi method are SCC1 (FA30%), SCC2 (FA25%+CKD5%), SCC3 (FA30%+GP20%), SCC4 (FA25%+CKD5%+GP20%), SCC5 (FA30%+EC10%), and SCC6 (FA25%+CKD5%+EC10%). For each composition, the flexural behavior of SCC beams is experimentally investigated. Experimental work is verified by FEM analysis using the ABAQUS software. When the outcomes from the experimental and numerical analysis are compared, it is evident that SCC6 outperformed other mixes in terms of flexure
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Tvarožková, Kristína, Jaromír Vašíček, Michal Uhrinčať, Lucia Mačuhová, Lukáš Hleba i Vladimír Tančin. "The presence of pathogens in milk of ewes in relation to the somatic cell count and subpopulations of leukocytes". Czech Journal of Animal Science 66, No. 8 (28.07.2021): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/43/2021-cjas.
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Mastitis is a major health problem of the udder in dairy sheep breeds. For diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, somatic cell count (SCC) is commonly used. The presence of pathogens in the udder causes the increase of leukocytes and thus SCC in milk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of pathogens in the milk of ewes and the possible relationship with SCC. The changes of leukocytes subpopulation in milk samples with high SCC were evaluated as well. The experiment was carried out on a dairy farm with the Lacaune breed. This study was conducted on 45 ewes (98 milk samples) without signs of clinical mastitis. Based on somatic cell count, samples were divided to five SCC groups: SCC1 < 200 000 cells/ml (45 milk samples); 200 000 ≤ SCC2 < 400 000 cells/ml (10 milk samples); 400 000 ≤ SCC3 < 600 000 cells/ml (six milk samples); 600 000 ≤ SCC4 < 1 000 000 cells/ml (six milk samples); SCC5 ≥ 1 000 000 cells/ml (31 milk samples). No pathogens were observed in the majority of milk samples (60.20%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most commonly isolated pathogens from the milk of ewes (86.11%). Staphylococcus epidermidis had the highest incidence from CNS (35.48%). In the SCC5 group, up to 79.31% of bacteriological samples were positive. The percentage of leukocytes significantly increased (P < 0.001) in the samples with higher SCC (≥ 200 × 10<sup>3</sup> cells/ml) in comparison to the group SCC1. Also, the percentage of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) was significantly higher with increasing SCC (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the presented results showed that the high SCC was caused by the presence of the pathogen in milk. Thus SCC < 200 000 cells/ml and leukocyte subpopulation, especially PMNs, could be considered as important tools in udder health programs applied in dairy ewes.
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Susilowati, Mariana, i Cheppy Syukur. "Karakterisasi Beberapa Aksesi Serai Wangi (<i>Cymbopogon nardus</i> L.) Asal Cianjur". Vegetalika 11, nr 4 (29.11.2022): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/veg.77033.
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Serai wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L.) merupakan tanaman aromatik yang kaya akan kandungan senyawa kimia penting terutama sitronela. Minyak atsiri dari tanaman serai wangi sering digunakan sebagai bahan baku utama berbagai industri. Perakitan varietas-varietas unggul serai wangi masih sangat diperlukan dalam rangka upaya peningkatan produksi serai wangi nasional. Pemanfaatan aksesi-aksesi dari sentra produksi serai wangi seperti Cianjur diharapkan dapat mendukung program pemuliaan serai wangi secara efektif dan efisien. Informasi genetik dari aksesi-aksesi lokal dapat diketahui melalui kegiatan karakterisasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakter morfologi kualitatif dan kuantitatif beberapa aksesi serai wangi hasil eksplorasi dari daerah Cianjur, Jawa Barat. Materi genetik yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 10 aksesi Cianjur (SC1, SC2, SC3, SC4, SC5, SC6, SC7, SC8, SC9, dan SC10). Karakter yang diamati berupa karakter kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Dari hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa aksesi SC1 merupakan aksesi terbaik dari Cianjur yang memiliki keunggulan pada semua karakter kuantitatif yang diamati terutama karakter panjang daun, tinggi batang, diameter batang, dan aroma daun yang tajam. Sekitar 75% karakter kuantitatif serai wangi Cianjur menunjukkan hasil korelasi antar karakter yang positif. Aksesi-aksesi dari Cianjur memiliki ciri-ciri yang sama yaitu batang berwarna VG 84B, pangkal daun berbentuk cekung, dan permukaan daun berwarna GGN 138C. Aksesi SC1 dan SC5 memiliki hubungan kekerabatan yang jauh dan berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai tetua persilangan.
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Mito, Yoshiko, Asako Sugimoto i Masayuki Yamamoto. "Distinct Developmental Function of Two Caenorhabditis elegans Homologs of the Cohesin Subunit Scc1/Rad21". Molecular Biology of the Cell 14, nr 6 (czerwiec 2003): 2399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e02-09-0603.
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Cohesin, which mediates sister chromatid cohesion, is composed of four subunits, named Scc1/Rad21, Scc3, Smc1, and Smc3 in yeast. Caenorhabditis elegans has a single homolog for each of Scc3, Smc1, and Smc3, but as many as four for Scc1/Rad21 (COH-1, SCC-1/COH-2, COH-3, and REC-8). Except for REC-8 required for meiosis, function of these C. elegans proteins remains largely unknown. Herein, we examined their possible involvement in mitosis and development. Embryos depleted of the homolog of either Scc3, or Smc1, or Smc3 by RNA interference revealed a defect in mitotic chromosome segregation but not in chromosome condensation and cytokinesis. Depletion of SCC-1/COH-2 caused similar phenotypes. SCC-1/COH-2 was present in cells destined to divide. It localized to chromosomes in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Worms depleted of COH-1 arrested at either the late embryonic or the larval stage, with no indication of mitotic dysfunction. COH-1 associated chromosomes throughout the cell cycle in all somatic cells undergoing late embryogenesis or larval development. Thus, SCC-1/COH-2 and the homologs of Scc3, Smc1, and Smc3 facilitate mitotic chromosome segregation during the development, presumably by forming a cohesin complex, whereas COH-1 seems to play a role important for development but unrelated to mitosis.
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Parilova, N. K., N. S. Sergeeva, N. V. Marshutina, A. S. Mamontov, V. G. Vereshchagin, M. P. Solokhina, I. S. Meysner i in. "Study of the diagnostic value of the serum level of the marker SCCA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma". Russian Journal of Oncology 16, nr 4 (15.08.2011): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/onco39896.
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The level of a serological marker for squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) was studied in patients with primary, remitting, and relapsing esophageal SCC (ESCC). The levels of SCC antigen (SCCA) increased from Stage I to Stage IV (from 0.8±0.3 to 1.7±0.3 ng/ml, so as the percentage of patients with elevated SCCA (from 20 to 60%, respectively). In remission, the values of SCCA were within the upper normal range in all the patients. The diagnostic sensitivity of SCCA in relapse was similar to that in primary SCC (38/9 and 39.8%, respectively). The proportion of SCCA-positive cases was higher in patients with low- and moderate-grade tumors than in those with high-grade tumors (54.1 and 21.4% of cases, respectively). The mean level of SCCA slightly rose after invasive diagnostic procedures. Hence, this group of patients should undergo serum SCCA tests before and 3-4 days after invasive diagnostic procedures. For the monitoring of the efficiency of treatment and preclinical detection of relapses, it is expedient to use SCCA as a serological marker in 30-40% of all patients with primary ESCC and in approximately 50% of patients with low- and moderate-grade SCC.
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Necira, Hakima, Mohamed Elhadi Matallah, Soumia Bouzaher, Waqas Ahmed Mahar i Atef Ahriz. "Effect of Street Asymmetry, Albedo, and Shading on Pedestrian Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Hot Desert Climates". Sustainability 16, nr 3 (2.02.2024): 1291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16031291.
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Improving urban walkability in the face of climate change is a critical challenge for urban designers. Street design strategies can mitigate heat stress and enhance pedestrian livability. Most previous studies conducted in hot climates recommend adopting deep canyons to improve summer conditions, overlooking the potential improvement of wide streets as essential structural elements of the urban fabric. This study was conducted in Biskra city, southern Algeria, where several mitigation strategies were applied to ‘Emir Abdelkader Boulevard’, as the main structural street inside the city, to create an optimal street model for arid climates. Five scenarios were developed based on three criteria: (Sc1) asymmetric profile northeast side (NES) > southwest side (SWS); (Sc2) asymmetric profile SWS > NES; (Sc3) cool paving; (Sc4) horizontal shading; and(Sc5) shading with a linear tree arrangement. ENVI-met software version 5.1.1 and the RayMan model were used to estimate the local climate conditions and outdoor thermal comfort levels based on the physiological equivalent temperature (PET). All scenarios reduced PET values across the street, with optimal reductions of −2.0 °C, −3.1 °C, −1.3 °C, −1.7 °C, and −1.2 °C in Sc1, Sc2, Sc3, Sc4, and Sc5, respectively. Concerning pedestrian areas, the optimal results durations were at the southwest side below the arcades’ sidewalks during peak hours: Sc2, Sc3, Sc4, Sc5 (2.2 °C–3 H, 2.3 °C–3 H, 2.4 °C–3 H, 2.5 °C–2 H). Sc1 performed best during daytime hours on the northeast side. The utilizing of these results can strongly help urban planners and landscape architects in creating climate-responsive streets that enhance citizens’ quality of life.
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Kakraliya, Suresh K., Hanuman S. Jat, Tek B. Sapkota, Ishwar Singh, Manish Kakraliya, Manoj K. Gora, Parbodh C. Sharma i Mangi L. Jat. "Effect of Climate-Smart Agriculture Practices on Climate Change Adaptation, Greenhouse Gas Mitigation and Economic Efficiency of Rice-Wheat System in India". Agriculture 11, nr 12 (14.12.2021): 1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11121269.
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Conventional rice–wheat (RW) rotation in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of South Asia is tillage, water, energy, and capital intensive. Coupled with these, crop residue burning contributes significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and environmental pollution. So, to evaluate the GHG mitigation potential of various climate-smart agricultural practices (CSAPs), an on-farm research trial was conducted during 2014–2017 in Karnal, India. Six management scenarios (portfolios of practices), namely, Sc1—business as usual (BAU)/conventional tillage (CT) without residue, Sc2—CT with residue, Sc3—reduced tillage (RT) with residue + recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), Sc4—RT/zero tillage (ZT) with residue + RDF, Sc5—ZT with residue + RDF + GreenSeeker + Tensiometer, and Sc6—Sc5 + nutrient-expert tool, were included. The global warming potential (GWP) of the RW system under CSAPs (Sc4, Sc5, and Sc6) and the improved BAU (Sc2 and Sc3) were 33–40% and 4–26% lower than BAU (7653 kg CO2 eq./ha/year), respectively. This reflects that CSAPs have the potential to mitigate GWP by ~387 metric tons (Mt) CO2 eq./year from the 13.5 Mha RW system of South Asia. Lower GWP under CSAPs resulted in 36–44% lower emission intensity (383 kg CO2 eq./Mg/year) compared to BAU (642 kg CO2 eq./Mg/year). Meanwhile, the N-factor productivity and eco-efficiency of the RW system under CSAPs were 32–57% and 70–105% higher than BAU, respectively, which reflects that CSAPs are more economically and environmentally sustainable than BAU. The wheat yield obtained under various CSAPs was 0.62 Mg/ha and 0.84 Mg/ha higher than BAU during normal and bad years (extreme weather events), respectively. Thus, it is evident that CSAPs can cope better with climatic extremes than BAU. Therefore, a portfolio of CSAPs should be promoted in RW belts for more adaptation and climate change mitigation.
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Jat, Hanuman S., Madhu Choudhary, Suresh K. Kakraliya, Manoj K. Gora, Manish Kakraliya, Vikas Kumar, Priyanka i in. "A Decade of Climate-Smart Agriculture in Major Agri-Food Systems: Earthworm Abundance and Soil Physico-Biochemical Properties". Agronomy 12, nr 3 (9.03.2022): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12030658.
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Earthworms (EWs) could be a viable indicator of soil biology and agri-food system management. The influence of climate-smart agriculture (CSA)-based sustainable intensification practices (zero tillage, crop rotations, crop residue retention, and precision water and nutrients application) on earthworms’ (EWs) populations and soil physico-biochemical properties of rice-wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic plains of South Asia was investigated. This study investigates the effect of 10-years adoption of various CSA practices on the abundance of earthworms and physical and biochemical properties of the soil and EWs’ casts (EWC). Five scenarios (Sc) were included: conventionally managed rice-wheat system (farmers’ practices, Sc1), CSA-based rice-wheat-mungbean system with flood irrigation (FI) (Sc2) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) (Sc3), CSA-based maize-wheat-mungbean system with FI (Sc4), and SDI (Sc5). Results revealed that EWs were absent under Sc1, while the 10-year adoption of CSA-based scenarios (mean of Sc2–5) increased EWs’ density and biomass to be 257.7 no. m−2 and 36.05 g m−2, respectively. CSA-based maize scenarios (Sc4 and Sc5) attained higher EWs’ density and biomass over rice-based CSA scenarios (Sc2 and Sc4). Also, SDI-based scenarios (Sc3 and Sc5) recorded higher EWs’ density and biomass over FI (Sc2 and Sc4). Maize-based CSA with SDI recorded the highest EWs’ density and EWs’ biomass. The higher total organic carbon in EWC (1.91%) than in the bulk soil of CSA-based scenarios (0.98%) and farmers’ practices (0.65%) suggests the shift of crop residue to a stable SOC (in EWC). EWC contained significant amounts of C and available NPK under CSA practices, which were nil under Sc1. All CSA-based scenarios attained higher enzymes activities over Sc1. CSA-based scenarios, in particular, maize-based scenarios using SDI, improved EWs’ proliferation, SOC, and nutrients storage (in soil and EWC) and showed a better choice for the IGP farmers with respect to C sequestration, soil quality, and nutrient availability.
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Kumar, Arun, Kulvir Singh Saini, Hemant Dasila, Rakesh Kumar, Kavita Devi, Yashpal Singh Bisht, Manish Yadav i in. "Sustainable Intensification of Cropping Systems under Conservation Agriculture Practices: Impact on Yield, Productivity and Profitability of Wheat". Sustainability 15, nr 9 (1.05.2023): 7468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097468.
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The continuous rice–wheat cropping system in South Asia has caused irreversible environmental damage, raising concerns about the long-term sustainability of the region’s agricultural systems. To address this issue, farm experiments were conducted for two successive years (2019–20 and 2020–21) to assess the impact of different cropping systems under conservation agriculture (CA) practices on the yield, productivity, and profitability of wheat. Results showed that the highest grain yield of wheat was observed in scenarios Sc6, Sc4, and Sc2, which involved full CA permanent-bed soybean (PB)–permanent-bed wheat (PB)–permanent-bed summer moong (PB), full CA permanent-bed maize (PB)–permanent-bed wheat (PB)–permanent-bed summer moong (PB), and partial CA puddled transplanted rice–Happy Seeder wheat–zero-till summer moong (ZT). Additionally, the highest irrigation water productivity (IWP), wheat grain macronutrient uptake, net return, and benefit–cost ratio (B:C ratio) were recorded under Sc6, full CA permanent-bed soybean (PB)–permanent-bed wheat (PB)–permanent-bed summer moong (PB) compared to farmers’ practice puddled transplanted rice (PTR)–conventional-till wheat–summer moong (Sc1) during both years. The system productivity also increased in scenarios Sc2, Sc4, and Sc6 (by 9.72%, 9.65%, and 14.14% in the first year and 10.68%, 14.14%, and 15.55% in the second year) compared to Sc1—farmers’ practice puddled transplanted rice (PTR)–conventional-till wheat–summer moong, Sc3—farmers’ practice fresh-bed maize (FB)–conventional-till wheat–summer moong, and Sc5–farmers’ practice fresh-bed soybean (FB)–conventional-till wheat (CT)–summer moong. The findings suggest that the conservation agriculture soybean–wheat–summer moong (Sc6) on permanent-bed cropping systems with inclusion legumes can be a potential option to enhance yield attributes, productivity, and profitability, as well as the sustainability of natural resources in the region while decreasing environmental footprints.
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Tanod, Wendy Alexander, Uun Yanuhar, Maftuch, Masteria Yunovilsa Putra i Yenny Risjani. "Screening of NO Inhibitor Release Activity from Soft Coral Extracts Origin Palu Bay, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia". Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 18, nr 2 (24.07.2019): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871523018666190222115034.
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Background: As a marine organism, soft corals can be utilized to be various bioactive substances, especially terpenoids and steroids. The soft corals family which produces bioactive generally come from clavulariidae, alcyoniidae, nephtheidae and xeniidae family. Objective: To investigate the bioactivity of Nitric Oxide (NO) inhibitor release from soft coral crude extracts of Sinularia sp. (SCA), Nephthea sp. (SCB), Sarcophyton sp. (SCC), Sarcophyton sp. (SCD), Sinularia sp. (SCE) and Sinularia sp. (SCF). Materials and Methods: Soft coral is collected from Palu Bay (Central Sulawesi). NO inhibitory release activity measured according to the Griess reaction. Soft corals sample macerated with 1:2 (w/v). Then, Soft coral extracts with the best NO Inhibitor activity partitioned with Dichloromethane, Ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The bioactive of all crude extracts were identified by GC-MS to find compounds with anti-inflammatory potential. Results: Sarcophyton sp. (SCC) and Sinularia sp. (SCF) are able to inhibit NO concentrations of 0.22 ± 0.04 and 0.20 ± 0.04 µM at 20 mg/mL, respectively. The chemical constituents determined and showed the potential as anti-inflammatory in the crude of Sinularia sp. (SCA) were Octacosane (3.25%). In Nephthea sp., (SCB) were Cyclohexene, 6-ethenyl-6- methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-(1-methylethylidene)-,(S)- (0.55%); Azulene, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8- octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethylidene)-, (1S-cis)- (0.53%); and 1,7,7-Trimethyl- 2-vinylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (4.72%). In Sarcophyton sp, (SCC) were Eicosane (0.12%); Nonacosane (10.7%); 14(β)-Pregnane (0.87%); Octacosane 6.39%); and Tricosane (1.53%). In Sarcophyton sp. (SCD) were 14(β)-Pregnane (2.69%); and Octadecane (27.43%). In crude of Sinularia sp. (SCE) were Oleic Acid (0.63%); 7,10-Hexadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (0.54%); 14(β)-Pregnane (1.07%); 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid, ethyl ester, (all-Z)- (4.60%); Octacosane (7.75%); and 1,2-Benzisothiazole, 3-(hexahydro-1Hazepin- 1-yl)-, 1,1-dioxide (1.23%). In the crude of Sinularia sp., (SCF) were Oxirane, decyl- (1.38%); Nonacosane (0.57%); Cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)- (0.61%); 14B-Pregnane (0.76%); and Tetratriacontane (1.02%). Conclusion: The extract of Sarcophyton sp. (SCC) and Sinularia sp. (SCF) showed the best NO inhibitory release activity. This study is making soft corals from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia can become a potential organism in the discovery and development of bioactive substances anti-inflammatory.
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Phommavongsa, Sakkouna, Anh Nguyen Phan Hoang i Manh Vu Quang. "Study on the natural habitats of the giant water bug Lethocerus indicus (Lepeletier et Seville, 1775) (Hemiptera : Belostomatidae) contributing to sustainable management of this rare water insect named in the Red Data Book of Vietnam". Journal of Science Natural Science 66, nr 4F (listopad 2021): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1059.2021-0075.
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The study was focused on the natural habitats and distribution of the giant water bug Lethocerus indicus in Lao PDR, with the aims to conserve and breed this rare water insect. The following conclusions were given: Adult giant water bugs were distributed in 5 main natural habitat types, including SC1. Habitat with flowing water such as rivers, streams and canals; SC2. Habitat type with standing or less flowing water such as ponds, lakes and lagoons; SC3. Habitat types such as water rice fields or aquatic plants; SC4. Habitat of standing water or puddles on the edge or inside the rice field; and SC5; and other Habitats include terrestrial, drifting with water, hiding in earthen caves near aquatic habitats. The number of adult giant water bugs decreased in the order of natural habitats studied, as follows SC3 >SC4 >SC2 >SC5 >SC1. The weter rice fields were the most suitable habitat for adult giant water bug. Research results showed that, there are similarities in the distribution of adult male and female in the studied natural habitats. The ratio of adult male to female giant water bug found in the above five studied natural habitats was 1.0 versus 2.3, respectively.
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Onyeocha, Veronica, Kelechukwu N. Onwukamike, Victor O. Njoku, Maduabuchi Arinzechukwu Chidiebere i Emeka E. Oguzie. "Removal of Methylene Blue Dye Pollutant from Aqueous Solution Using Sugar Cane Bark and Chaff Biomass". International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 69 (sierpień 2016): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.69.49.
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The removal of Methylene blue (MB) dye pollutant from aqueous solution using sugar cane bark (SCB) and chaff (SCC) was studied using batch experiments. The operating variables studied were initial biomass dose, initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and temperature. The result revealed that the amount of MB dye uptake, qe(mg/g) increased with an increase in temperature, dye concentration and contact time, but decreased with an increase in adsorbent dosage. Equilibrium data were found to obey Langmuir isotherm for both biomass, showing a monolayer adsorption mechanism. The monolayer sorption capacity of SCB and SCC for MB dye were found to be 1.282mg/g and 1.706mg/g, respectively at 303K. The thermodynamics parameters of the MB / biomass system indicate spontaneous (ΔG◦<0) and endothermic (ΔH >0) process. The study show that SCB and SCC which are common environmental wastes can be used for the treatment of MB dye polluted water.
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Onyeocha, Veronica O., Kelechukwu N. Onwukamike, Victor O. Njoku, Maduabuchi Arinzechukwu Chidiebere i Emeka E. Oguzie. "Removal of Methylene Blue Dye Pollutant from Aqueous Solution Using Sugar Cane Bark and Chaff Biomass". International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 69 (12.08.2016): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-3v29go.
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The removal of Methylene blue (MB) dye pollutant from aqueous solution using sugar cane bark (SCB) and chaff (SCC) was studied using batch experiments. The operating variables studied were initial biomass dose, initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and temperature. The result revealed that the amount of MB dye uptake, qe (mg/g) increased with an increase in temperature, dye concentration and contact time, but decreased with an increase in adsorbent dosage. Equilibrium data were found to obey Langmuir isotherm for both biomass, showing a monolayer adsorption mechanism. The monolayer sorption capacity of SCB and SCC for MB dye were found to be 1.282mg/g and 1.706mg/g, respectively at 303K. The thermodynamics parameters of the MB / biomass system indicate spontaneous (ΔG◦ <0) and endothermic (ΔH > 0) process. The study show that SCB and SCC which are common environmental wastes can be used for the treatment of MB dye polluted water.
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Karrabi, Narges, Kiana Hassanpour, Noushin Afshar Moghaddam, Faezeh Khorasanizadeh, Sadid Hooshmandi i Amirreza Veisi. "Invasive Orbital Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma". Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine 2022 (29.06.2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8585692.
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Background. Orbital squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare entity. It is often a result of local invasion of SCC originating from the skin, nasopharynx, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, conjunctiva, lacrimal glands, or sac or less commonly occurs through hematogenous metastasis. Herein, we report a patient with orbital SCC with a history of multiple myeloma (MM). Case presentation. A 45-year-old woman with a history of MM in the past two years presented to our clinic complaining of gradual right eye proptosis for six months. The relative afferent pupillary defect was detected in the right eye on her examination. Ocular movements of the right eye were limited in all directions. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an infiltrative mass in the right orbit extended from the anterior to the orbital apex and the optic canal. The patient underwent debulking, and a histopathology examination revealed SCC results. No other secondary site was found to be the origin of the tumor. Result. The patient underwent chemotherapy and subsequent radiotherapy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of concomitant MM and primary orbital SCC.
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Esmaeli, Bita, Janet Fan, Hila Goldberg, Tracy Lu, Neal Akhave, Luana Guimaraes de Sousa i Renata Ferrarotto. "Immunotherapy for local/regional control of locally advanced orbital and periocular squamous cell carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, nr 16_suppl (1.06.2024): e18034-e18034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e18034.
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e18034 Background: Periocular squamous cell carcinoma can be of eyelid skin, ocular surface (bulbar) or palpebral conjunctival, or of lacrimal sac/nasolacrimal duct mucosal origin, is relatively rare, and presents unique anatomic considerations due to proximity to the eye and inherent risk to ocular structures associated with high dose radiation therapy. We herein report on 17 patients with orbital or periocular SCC who were treated with immunotherapy (IO) to decrease surgical morbidity or to avoid high dose radiation therapy. Methods: Retrospective review of all previously unreported patients with orbital, conjunctival, or periocular SCC who were treated with IO either in the neoadjuvant setting prior to surgery or for treatment of periocular SCC with perineural spread into the orbit and skull base. Results: 17 patients, 12 men and 5 women (Age range: 44-92; median=70 years old) with orbital (n=6), conjunctival (n=5), or lacrimal sac/duct (n=2) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), or periocular SCC with perineural spread into the orbit and skull base (n=4) who were treated with IO either as single drug (n= 11) or in combination with chemotherapy (n= 6 ). In all patients either cemiplimab or pembolizumab was used. In 13 patients IO was used in the neoadjuvant setting prior to planned surgery. In 4 patients with perineural spread as they had non surgically resectable disease, IO was used to avoid high dose radiation therapy with its inherent significant risk of ocular toxicity. Overall, 3 patients achieved complete response, 10 patients achieved partial response, and 4 patients had stable disease, using RECIST criteria. One of 5 patients with conjunctival SCC also had nodal metastasis at presentation and achieved a dramatic complete response of both the conjunctival tumor and the nodal metastasis and managed to avoid surgery altogether. This patient had a very high tumor mutation burden (TMB). One patient developed diabetic ketoacidosis as a side effect of IO; otherwise the adverse effects were low grade. Conclusions: IO either as single drug or in combination with chemotherapy has a fairly high response rate in patients with ocular adnexal, conjunctival or orbital SCC and in patients with periocular SCC with perineural spread in the orbit and skull base. Future prospective trails using IO for orbital and ocular adnexal SCC should be planned and should aim to correlate molecular data such as TMB with response.
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Shafiq, Nasir, Muhd Fadhil Nuruddin, Ahmed Fathi Mohamed Salih i Ali Elheber Ahmed Elshekh. "Characterization of Stand Chopped Basalt Fiber Self – Compacting Reinforced Concrete (SCB-SCC)". Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (czerwiec 2014): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.356.
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In the world today, producers of high performance concrete usually look for locally available material to provide low cost concrete. To reduce the total cost of concrete, it is recommended to use a mineral admixture by replacing the cement content while the improvement in the strength of concrete can be achieved by implementing the fibers as a discrete material in the concrete mix. Within this study, a attempt has been given to analyze the properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with microwave incinerated rice husk ash (MIRHA) and fly ash as a two types of filler. This was to enhance the properties of SCC with the Stand Chopped Basalt (SCB) fiber having been added to the concrete mix. The experimental work was a fresh and a hardened test with the trend of the result showing the possibility to increase the properties of SCC by using MIRHA and SCB fiber.
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Wang, Fang, John Yoder, Igor Antoshechkin i Min Han. "Caenorhabditis elegans EVL-14/PDS-5 and SCC-3 Are Essential for Sister Chromatid Cohesion in Meiosis and Mitosis". Molecular and Cellular Biology 23, nr 21 (1.11.2003): 7698–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.23.21.7698-7707.2003.
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ABSTRACT Sister chromatid cohesion is fundamental for the faithful transmission of chromosomes during both meiosis and mitosis. Proteins involved in this process are highly conserved from yeasts to humans. In screenings for sterile animals with abnormal vulval morphology, mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans evl-14 and scc-3 genes were isolated. Defects in cell divisions were observed in germ line as well as in vulval and somatic gonad lineages. Through positional cloning of these genes, we have shown that EVL-14 and SCC-3 are likely the only C. elegans homologs of the yeast sister chromatid cohesion proteins Pds5 and Scc3, respectively. Both evl-14 and scc-3 mutants displayed defects in the meiotic germ line. In evl-14 mutants, synaptonemal complexes (SCs) were detectable but more than the usual six DAPI (4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole)-positive structures were seen at diakinesis, suggesting that EVL-14/PDS-5 is important for the maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion in late prophase. In scc-3 mutant animals, normal SCs were not visible and ∼24 DAPI-positive structures were seen at diakinesis, indicating that SCC-3 is necessary for sister chromatid cohesion. Immunostaining revealed that localization of REC-8, a homolog of the yeast meiotic cohesin subunit Rec8, to the chromosomes depends on the presence of SCC-3 but not that of EVL-14/PDS-5. scc-3 RNA interference (RNAi)-treated embryos were 100% lethal and displayed defects in cell divisions. evl-14 RNAi caused a range of phenotypes. These results indicate that EVL-14/PDS-5 and SCC-3 have functions in both mitosis and meiosis.
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Doppalapudi, Arun Teja, Abul Kalam Azad i Mohammad Masud Kamal Khan. "Analysis of Improved In-Cylinder Combustion Characteristics with Chamber Modifications of the Diesel Engine". Energies 16, nr 6 (9.03.2023): 2586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062586.
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This study numerically analyses the effects of chamber modifications to investigate the improvement of in-cylinder combustion characteristics of the diesel engine using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. Five different modified chambers, namely, the double swirl combustion chamber (DSCC), bathtub combustion chamber (BTCC), double toroidal re-entrant combustion chamber (DTRCC), shallow depth combustion chamber (SCC), and stepped bowl combustion chamber (SBCC) were developed and compared with a reference flat combustion chamber (FCC). The effects of chamber modifications on temperature formation, velocity distribution, injection profiles, and in-cylinder turbulent motions (swirl and tumble ratio) were investigated. During the compression stroke, near top dead centre, the SCC showed a peak temperature of 970 K, followed by the FCC (968 K), SBCC (967 K), and DTRCC (748 K to 815 K). The DSCC and the SCC showed a high swirl ratio above 0.6, whereas the DTRCC and the BTCC showed a high tumble ratio of approximately 0.4. This study found that the SCC, BTCC, and DSCC have better combustion rates than the FCC in terms of temperature, heat release rate, and velocity distribution. However, the DTRCC showed poor temperature formation rates and rapid heat release rates (approx. 150 J/°CA), which can lead to rapid combustion and knocking tendencies. In conclusion, the DSCC and the SCC showed better combustion rates than the other chambers. In addition, turbulent motions inside the chambers avoided combustion in crevice regions. This study recommends avoiding chambers with wider bowls in order to prevent uneven combustion across the cylinder. Furthermore, split bowls such as the DSCC, along with adjusted injection rates, can provide better results in terms of combustion.
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Li, Rui Mei, Rui Jun Duan, Yi Meng Ji, Du Juan Xi, Jiao Liu, Jian Chun Guo, Peng Zhang i Shao Ping Fu. "Somatic Embryogenesis and Organogenesis of Biofuel Plant Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Chinese Cultivars". Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (maj 2012): 558–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.558.
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2, 4-D and picloram were compared for their ability to the induction of somatic embryogenesis in Chinese cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cultivars SC5, SC6, SC7 and SC8. In all four cultivars tested, both 2, 4-D and picloram had the capacity to induce primary somatic embryos from axillary buds. And the two hormones were also suitable for subculture of somatic embryos of three cultivars SC5, SC6 and SC8. However both 2, 4-D and picloram can not keep the activity of somatic embryos of cultivar SC7. For organogenesis, cotyledon matured for 10~15 days were better than others.
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Kornblau, Steven M., Peter Ruvolo, Rui-Yu Wang, Vivian Ruvolo, Yihua Qiu, Venkata Lokesh Battula, Zhihong Zeng i in. "Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Have Distinct Protein Expression Patterns Compared to Normal MSC". Blood 126, nr 23 (3.12.2015): 3813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3813.3813.
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Abstract Background: AML remains highly fatal, therefore understanding the mechanisms that cause chemoresistance is critical for developing more effective therapies. The leukemia bone marrow microenvironment (BME) and component MSC supports leukemia development and cell survival, implying a key role for MSC in resistance. We hypothesize that differences in the physiology of MSC in the leukemia BME (AML-MSC), relative to normal MSC (NL-MSC), exist and could be therapeutic targets. Methods: To compare the function of AML-MSC from NL-MSC a custom reverse phase protein array (RPPA) was made using cultured MSC from AML (N = 106) and healthy donor MSC (NL; N = 71) and probed with 151 antibodies against 114 total, 36 phospho sites (on 29 proteins) and 1 cleavage site. Both biased clustering and unbiased hierarchical clustering along with principal component analysis were used to analyze data. To examine the influence of age on protein expression, age matched AML and NL MSC were compared. Results: Comparison of protein expression in NL-MSC and AML-MSC identified 5 Sample Clusters (SC1..SC5) based on the differential expression of 83 of 151 proteins, which formed 5 Protein Clusters (PC1..PC5) (P < 0.000001, FDR = 0.0000017)(FIG 1). Distribution of NL-MSC was significantly skewed to SC1 (7 of 8) and SC3 (38 of 52) while AML-MSC dominated SC2 (37 of 45) and SC4 (45 of 59), (Χ2 = 45.3, df=4, P <0.0001). NL-MSC were characterized by low expression of proteins in PC1 and 2 and higher expression within PC 3,4 & 5 with SC1 having more extreme levels than SC3. Protein levels in AML dominant SC4 was opposite of SC1 and SC3 for all 5 PC and was designated as "AML". SC5 was a more extreme version of SC4, for PC2, 4 and 5 but resembled SC3 for PC1 and 3. In contrast, the AML dominant SC2 resembled NL-MSC dominant SC1 and SC3 for PC2, 4 and 5, resembling SC4 only in PC1 and 3. This cluster was designated as "NL-like AML". Proteins with universally higher expression in NL-MSC included: SMADs 1 and 4, STMN1, SIRT1, p-Foxo1/3 (S32), HSP90 and EIF2S1. AML MSC had higher levels of 18 proteins across all groups including CCND1, BCL-XL, STAT5, and PPP2R2A. Salvage cases were more often in SC2 (17 of 36) and SC4 (26 of 45) than in SC3 (3 of 15) (Χ2 = 6.44, df=2, P <0.04). The observed changes were similar within three age groups (<30, 30-49, 50-59) in 22 of 25 universally differentially expressed proteins, demonstrating age independence. MSC cluster membership correlated with cytogenetics: Unfavorable cytogenetics (41 % overall) comprised 30% of NL-Like SC2, 42% of "Normal" SC3 but 52% of "AML" SC4 cases (p= 0.04), and both favorable cytogenetics cases were in SC3. MSC subpopulation type was not associated with overall survival, remission duration, or AML mutation status (FLT3, NPM1, RAS). We confirmed higher differential expression of mRNA (by qRT-PCR) for some (BCL2L1, CCND1) but not all (p21) in 10 AML-MSC and 10 NL-MSC, suggesting that both transcriptional and translational mechanisms are involved. In a separate ASH submission Battula shows that AML-MSC cannot differentiate into adipocytes like NL-MSC. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) of this dataset finds that PC3 members, which are highly expressed in NL-MSC SC1, 3 & 5, but low in AML SC2 & 4, are associated with adipogenesis. Notably PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT signaling is higher in AML dominant SC4. Hierarchical clustering revealed that 9 proteins showed differential expression between diagnosis and salvage status ( P=0.05) with p-β catenin, p-RPS6, and Galectin 3 higher in salvage samples, while SMAD6, TCF4, LYN, integrin β3, p-EIF4BP1, and p-ELK1 were higher at diagnosis. IPA reveals these proteins are highly associated with osteoblast differentiation, molecular mechanism of cancer and stem cell pluripotency, suggesting potential mechanisms for how alterations in MSC protein expression could affect chemosensitivity. Summary: This study demonstrates that AML-MSC have two dominant protein expression signatures that are distinct from those of NL-MSC, with SC4 being associated with unfavorable cytogenetics and the salvage setting. Up-regulated pathways in AML-MSC are known to impact MSC cell survival and differentiation. Down regulated pathways may explain skewing towards osteogenic and away from adipogenic differentiation by AML-MSC. Experiments targeting MSC and assessing effects on AML blast survival are underway to determine if targeting MSC can reverse chemoresistance. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures Konopleva: Novartis: Research Funding; AbbVie: Research Funding; Stemline: Research Funding; Calithera: Research Funding; Threshold: Research Funding. Andreeff:Oncoceutics, Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Wójcik, Ewa, Krzysztof Reinfuss, Zofia Stasik, Urszula Rychlik, Jadwiga Tarapacz i Jan K. Kulpa. "The comparison of Architect SCC and cobas SCC tests". Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna 53, nr 3 (3.08.2017): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7975.
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ntroduction: Squamous cell carcinoma antigen isolated by Kato and Torigoe in 1977, belonging to the serine and cysteine proteases inhibitors has been recognized as the marker of choice for the cervical cancer. However, high SCC expression has been also found in others neoplasms such as non-small cell lung cancer and head and neck carcinoma.<br>Material and Methods: For many years, for serum SCC-Ag determination the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay with the reference standard from Abbott Diagnostics has been used. Recently, also the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay produced by Roche Diagnostics is applied. This method has been standardized against the ARCHITECT SCC assay from Abbott Diagnostics.<br>Results: Significant correlations between the results of both analyzed tests were shown. The concentration of squamous cell antigen was tested using the ARCHITRCT SCC and COBAS SCC test in 109 patients with cervical cancer. The comparative analyses have revealed the higher COBAS SCC results in comparison with the ARCHITECT SCC assay across the all concentration range. The results obtained with the new COBAS SCC test were significantly higher than the previously used ARCHITECT SCC test.<br>Comments: The significant differences between SCC-Ag concentration of COBAS SCC and ARCHITECT SCC may be due to the different SCCA1 and SCCA2 properties of monoclonal antibodies.
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Cai, Hongke, Ke Gui i Quanliang Chen. "Changes in Haze Trends in the Sichuan-Chongqing Region, China, 1980 to 2016". Atmosphere 9, nr 7 (19.07.2018): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9070277.
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This study analyzed the long-term variations and trends of haze pollution and its relationships with emission and meteorological factors using the haze days (HDs) data derived from surface observation stations in Sichuan-Chongqing (SCC) region during 1980–2016. The results showed that the multi-year mean number of HDs were 68.7 and 4.9 days for the Sichuan-Basin (SCB) and the rest of SCC region, respectively. The seasonally averaged HDs over SCB reached its maximum in winter (34.7 days), followed by autumn (17.0 days) and spring (11.6 days), and with the minimum observed in summer (5.5 days). The inter-annual variations of HDs in 18 main cities revealed that Zigong, Neijiang, and Yibin, which are located in the southern of SCB, have been the most polluted areas over the SCC region in the past decades. A notable increasing trend in annual HDs over the majority of SCC region was found during 1980–1995, then the trend sharply reversed during 1996–2005, while it increased, fluctuating at some cities after 2006. Seasonally, the increased trend in spring and autumn seems to be the strongest during 1980–1995, whereas the decreased trend in spring and winter was stronger than other seasons during 1996–2005. In addition, a remarkable increasing trend was found in winter since 2006. Using correlation analysis between HDs and emission and meteorological factors during different periods, we found that the variability of local precipitation days (PDs), planetary boundary layer height (PBLH), near-surface wind speed (WS), and relatively humidity (RH) play different roles in influencing the haze pollution change during different historical periods. The joint effect of sharp increase of anthropogenic emissions, reduced PDs and WS intensified the haze pollution in SCB during 1980–1995. In contrast, decreased HDs during 1996–2005 are mainly attributable to the reduction of PM2.5 emission and the increase of PDs (especially in winter). In addition, the decrease of PDs is likely to be responsible for the unexpected increase in winter HDs over SCB in the last decade.
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Atallah, Atallah A., Osama M. Morsy, Wael Abbas i El-Sayed G. Khater. "Microstructural, Physicochemical, Microbiological, and Organoleptic Characteristics of Sugar- and Fat-Free Ice Cream from Buffalo Milk". Foods 11, nr 3 (8.02.2022): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030490.
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Ice cream is a popular dessert product across the world. Structure, body, taste, and odor properties are created by adding non-milk ingredients and milk ingredients. The main aim of the study is to decrease the caloric value of ice cream by using sugar and fat replacements. Ice cream treatments were investigated based on microstructural, chemical, physical, microbiological, sensory, and calorific values. Four different ice creams were used (control ice cream (SC1), ice cream with stevia (SC2), ice cream with sucralose (SC3), and ice cream with sorbitol (SC4)). The chemical properties in all treatments of ice cream were significantly recorded (p < 0.05). The highest sucrose and fat levels were detected in the SC1 treatment compared with the other treatments (p < 0.05). The lowest fat and sugar amounts were observed in the SC2, SC3, and SC4 treatments (p < 0.05). The highest viscosity, overrun, and hardness values (p < 0.05) were detected in the control ice cream. Total aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts were not significantly recorded between different ice cream treatments (p < 0.05). The sensory scores were not significantly affected by sweeteners and bulk agents in the different treatments. The highest calorific value was calculated in the SC1 samples (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the lowest calorific value was calculated in SC2, followed by the SC3 and SC4 treatments. In scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the gel exhibited a homogeneous structure with a fine network within the SC2, SC3, and SC4 treatments, as it contained a cohesive structure with small-sized pores.
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Wang, Zekun, Ye Zhang, Jianghu Zhang, Xuesong Chen, Jingbo Wang, Runye Wu, Kai Wang i in. "Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma–Associated and De Novo Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Tale of Two Cities or Not". Cancers 14, nr 21 (24.10.2022): 5211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14215211.
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Background: Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) can arise as either inverted papilloma–associated SCC (IP-SCC) or as de novo SCC (DN-SCC). It is controversial as to whether survival differences between IP-SCC and DN-SCC exist. Methods: Between January 2000 and December 2016, 234 patients with SNSCC were analyzed retrospectively, including 68 with IP-SCC and 166 with DN-SCC. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance baseline characteristics. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model were used to determine risk factors on survival outcomes. Results: The median follow-up time was 98.4 months. Before PSM, lymph node metastasis was noted to be lower in patients with IP-SCC. After PSM, the 5-year DFS, DSS and OS between IP-SCC and DN-SCC were 43.0% vs. 44.5% (p = 0.701), 49.2% vs. 56.2% (p = 0.753), and 48.2% vs. 52.9% (p = 0.978). The annual hazards of local failure, respectively, peaked at 28.4% and 27.8% for IP-SCC and DN-SCC within 12 months after treatment. Afterward, the hazards gradually decreased and the hazard for IP-SCC was always higher before approaching null. Conclusions: This study provides novel evidence to support the clinical utility of improved distinction between IP-SCC and DN-SCC. Further studies are necessary to validate these findings before considering escalation of IP-SCC.
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Torre, Ana, Sorin Ramirez, Isabel Moromi, Ladislao Basurto i Carmen Reyes. "The Utilization of Crushed Corn Cob as a Sand Substitute in Portland Cement Mortars for Sustainable Construction". Buildings 14, nr 3 (23.02.2024): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030594.
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The utilization of mineralized sandy shredded corn cob (SCC) as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in Portland cement mortars (PM) presents an innovative opportunity for sustainable construction and organic waste reutilization. This study aims to assess the impact of SCC, with granulometric variations G1 and G2, on eight mortar formulations (PM, SCC-G1-5%, SCC-G1-10%; SCC-G2-5%, SCC-G2-10%, SCC-G2-15%, SCC-G2-20%, and SCC-G2-30%) with a consistent water-to-cement ratio of 0.55. Fresh-state properties (flowability, temperature, pH, unit weight, and setting time) and hardened-state characteristics (compressive strength at 4, 7, 14, and 28 days) were evaluated. Notably, flowability decreased by 90% for G2 designs with up to 15% SCC, unit weight decreased by up to 12% with SCC-G2-30%, setting time was delayed, and compressive strength for all SCC mortars up to 20% exceeded 21.9 MPa. In conclusion, the partial replacement of sand with a G2 particle-size distribution of SCC is feasible, with an optimal performance observed in SCC-G2-5%.
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Kikuchi, Sotaro, Dominika M. Borek, Zbyszek Otwinowski, Diana R. Tomchick i Hongtao Yu. "Crystal structure of the cohesin loader Scc2 and insight into cohesinopathy". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, nr 44 (18.10.2016): 12444–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1611333113.
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The ring-shaped cohesin complex topologically entraps chromosomes and regulates chromosome segregation, transcription, and DNA repair. The cohesin core consists of the structural maintenance of chromosomes 1 and 3 (Smc1–Smc3) heterodimeric ATPase, the kleisin subunit sister chromatid cohesion 1 (Scc1) that links the two ATPase heads, and the Scc1-bound adaptor protein Scc3. The sister chromatid cohesion 2 and 4 (Scc2–Scc4) complex loads cohesin onto chromosomes. Mutations of cohesin and its regulators, including Scc2, cause human developmental diseases termed cohesinopathy. Here, we report the crystal structure of Chaetomium thermophilum (Ct) Scc2 and examine its interaction with cohesin. Similar to Scc3 and another Scc1-interacting cohesin regulator, precocious dissociation of sisters 5 (Pds5), Scc2 consists mostly of helical repeats that fold into a hook-shaped structure. Scc2 binds to Scc1 through an N-terminal region of Scc1 that overlaps with its Pds5-binding region. Many cohesinopathy mutations target conserved residues in Scc2 and diminish Ct Scc2 binding to Ct Scc1. Pds5 binding to Scc1 weakens the Scc2–Scc1 interaction. Our study defines a functionally important interaction between the kleisin subunit of cohesin and the hook of Scc2. Through competing with Scc2 for Scc1 binding, Pds5 might contribute to the release of Scc2 from loaded cohesin, freeing Scc2 for additional rounds of loading.
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Biasiolo, Alessandra, Natascia Tono, Santina Quarta, Luca Beneduce, Angelo Gatta, Giorgio Fassina i Patrizia Pontisso. "SCCA1–IGM and SCCA2–IGM Compared with Total SCCA-IGM for Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma". International Journal of Biological Markers 24, nr 3 (lipiec 2009): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460080902400331.
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Introduction SCCA1 and SCCA2 belong to the family of serine protease inhibitors (SERPIN). Both SCCA isoforms have been found to be increased in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of different organs. Recent findings have demonstrated that SCCA-IgM immune complexes are a novel class of biomarkers for primary liver cancer detection. An increase in SCCA-IgM levels in patients with cirrhosis is associated with the development of liver cancer. Aims and methods To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of different isoforms of SCCA-IgM compared with a commercial assay for SCCA-IgM in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Twenty-six patients with HCC (M/F 1 9/7; mean age ± SD: 65 ± 13 years) were analyzed. Serum samples from 28 blood donors (M/F 17/11; mean age ± SD: 38 ± 9 years) were used as control. Two monoclonal antibodies, SCC 111 and SCC 1 04 (CanAg Diagnostics, Gothenburg, Sweden) were used as catcher antibodies to perform specific ELISA for SCCA1-lgM and SCCA2-lgM. SCCA-IgM immune complexes were also detected in serum by a commercial ELISA kit (Hepa-IC, Xeptagen, Marghera, Italy) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results Circulating SCCA1-IgM was detectable in 6 out of 26 patients (sensitivity 23%), while SCCA2-lgM ELISA was positive in 9 of 26 patients (sensitivity 35%). When SCCA-IgM levels were measured using the commercial assay the diagnostic sensitivity increased to 58% (15/26). The SCCA1-IgM, SCCA2-lgM and SCCA-IgM tests had 100% specificity in healthy controls. Conclusions The commercial assay allowed the detection of both isoforms of SCCA forming the IgM immune complexes, providing a better diagnostic sensitivity score than that obtained with the SCCA1-IgM or SCCA2-lgM test.
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Wellnitz, Olga, Marcus G. Doherr, Marta Woloszyn i Rupert M. Bruckmaier. "Prediction of total quarter milk somatic cell counts based on foremilk sampling". Journal of Dairy Research 76, nr 3 (18.05.2009): 326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029909004166.
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Determination of somatic cell count (SCC) is used worldwide in dairy practice to describe the hygienic status of the milk and the udder health of cows. When SCC is tested on a quarter level to detect single quarters with high SCC levels of cows for practical reasons, mostly foremilk samples after prestimulation (i.e. cleaning of the udder) are used. However, SCC is usually different in different milk fractions. Therefore, the goal of this study was the investigation of the use of foremilk samples for the estimation of total quarter SCC. A total of 378 milkings in 19 dairy cows were performed with a special milking device to drain quarter milk separately. Foremilk samples were taken after udder stimulation and before cluster attachment. SCC was measured in foremilk samples and in total quarter milk. Total quarter milk SCC could not be predicted precisely from foremilk SCC measurements. At relatively high foremilk SCC levels (>300×103 cells/ml) foremilk SCC were higher than total quarter milk. At around (50–300)×103 cells/ml foremilk and total quarter SCC did not differ considerably. Most interestingly, if foremilk SCC was lower than 50×103 cells/ml the total quarter SCC was higher than foremilk SCC. In addition, individual cows showed dramatic variations in foremilk SCC that were not very well related to total quarter milk SCC. In conclusion, foremilk samples are useful to detect high quarter milk SCC to recognize possibly infected quarters, only if precise cell counts are not required. However, foremilk samples can be deceptive if very low cell numbers are to be detected.
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Peixoto, Lorena K. S., Marcos A. S. dos Anjos, Evilane C. de Farias i Fernando G. Branco. "Evaluation of Chloride Ion Attack in Self-Compacting Concrete Using Recycled Construction and Demolition Waste Aggregates". Buildings 14, nr 2 (23.01.2024): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020319.
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Construction and demolition waste (CDW) destined for recycling companies has great potential for use in civil construction, since it gives rise to recycled aggregates of different particle sizes that can be used in concrete. However, there is a lack of studies on the durability of concrete produced with recycled aggregates from CDW. This study analyzed the influence of incorporating recycled aggregates from CDW, sand, and gravel on the durability parameters of SCC mixtures, with and without the addition of metakaolin (MK), when subjected to two exposure conditions: outdoors and in cycles of attack by chloride ions. Five mixtures were produced: reference SCC, with natural sand and gravel; SCC with recycled sand and gravel; SCC with recycled sand and gravel and the addition of 10% MK; SAC with recycled sand, natural gravel, and the addition of 10% MK; and SCC with natural sand, recycled gravel and the addition of 10% MK. The water/binder ratio was kept constant for all mixtures and the additive dosage was adjusted according to the variation in the use of aggregates. The mechanical and durability properties were assessed using axial compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, chloride penetration, chloride ion diffusion, and electrical resistivity tests. The results showed the feasibility of using recycled aggregates from CDW in SCC. The addition of MK significantly improved the performance of SCC using these aggregates. The mixtures with added MK showed a low risk of corrosion and high resistance to chloride ion penetration, and, under highly aggressive attack conditions, it was observed that the chloride ions did not exceed the minimum cover thickness recommended for reinforced concrete structures. The addition of MK to the mix with recycled aggregates caused an 84.6% reduction in the Cl− diffusion coefficient, there was also a 40.3% reduction in Cl− penetration and an increase of up to 156.14% in electrical resistivity compared to the mix with recycled aggregates without the addition of MK. The SCC mix with recycled sand and metakaolin stood out positively compared to the others, achieving an axial compressive strength similar to the reference mix (55.10 MPa). We, therefore, conclude that it is possible to produce such a mix with acceptable performance and ensure good behavior under aggressive environmental conditions.
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Choukri, Soumaya, Hassan Bouigua, Niama Choukri, Belkheir Hammouti, Yassine Mouniane, Abdessamad Ettouil, Yahya Rokni i Mohammed Ouhssine. "Characterization, Acidifying, and Antibacterial Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Against Spoilage Strains Present in Chicken Meat". ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering 3, nr 3 (13.06.2022): 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ajse.v3i3.60380.
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Nowadays, through their beneficial roles, lactic acid bacteria have been used as natural additives for the formulation of several products especially in the food industry; as they reduce the pathogen load and improve the quality of fermented food. This work focuses on the technological study of five homolactic strains isolated from three fermented barley preparations belonging to three species: Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus spp, and Lactococcus lactis ssp. The experiment focused on testing their acidifying activity and their antibacterial action against a range of spoilage strains isolated from chicken meat. The identification was carried out based on the study of the cultural, morphological characters and biochemical tests which revealed the presence of five strains namely: Escherichia Coli, Salmonella sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, and Klebsiella pneumonia. The results obtained showed that the strains (SC1, SC4, and SC5) have acidifying activities, in parallel with a significant antibacterial effect compared to the other strains (SC2, SC3) whose respective values were 1.63±0.07%, 0.99±0.23% and 1.29±0.65% for SC1, SC4 and SC5. Moreover, the cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS) inhibition zones range from 19.5 ± 0.70 mm to 10.25 ± 0.35 mm.
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Tabata, Atsushi, Yuji Sato, Kentaro Maya, Kota Nakano, Ken Kikuchi, Robert A. Whiley, Kazuto Ohkura, Toshifumi Tomoyasu i Hideaki Nagamune. "A streptolysin S homologue is essential for β-haemolytic Streptococcus constellatus subsp. constellatus cytotoxicity". Microbiology 160, nr 5 (1.05.2014): 980–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.075580-0.
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Streptococcus constellatus is a member of the Anginosus group streptococci (AGS) and primarily inhabits the human oral cavity. S. constellatus is composed of three subspecies: S. constellatus subsp. constellatus (SCC), S. constellatus subsp. pharyngis and the newly described subspecies S. constellatus subsp. viborgensis. Although previous studies have established that SCC contains β-haemolytic strains, the factor(s) responsible for β-haemolysis in β-haemolytic SCC (β-SCC) has yet to be clarified. Recently, we discovered that a streptolysin S (SLS) homologue is the β-haemolytic factor of β-haemolytic Streptococcus anginosus subsp. anginosus (β-SAA), another member of the AGS. Furthermore, because previous studies have suggested that other AGS species, except for Streptococcus intermedius, do not possess a haemolysin(s) belonging to the family of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins, we hypothesized that, as with β-SAA, the SLS homologue is the β-haemolytic factor of β-SCC, and therefore aimed to investigate and characterize the haemolytic factor of β-SCC in the present study. PCR amplification revealed that all of the tested β-SCC strains were positive for the sagA homologue of SCC (sagA SCC). Further investigations using β-SCC strain W277 were conducted to elucidate the relationship between sagA SCC and β-haemolysis by constructing sagA SCC deletion mutants, which completely lost β-haemolytic activity. This loss of β-haemolytic activity was restored by trans-complementation of sagA SCC. Furthermore, a co-cultivation assay established that the cytotoxicity of β-SCC was clearly dependent on the presence of sagA SCC. These results demonstrate that sagA SCC is the factor responsible for β-SCC β-haemolysis and cytotoxicity.
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Owen, John H., Samantha J. Hauff, Alice L. Tang, Martin P. Graham, Michael J. Czerwinski, Marcella Kaddoura, Silvana Papagerakis, Carol R. Bradford, Thomas E. Carey i Mark E. P. Prince. "UM-SCC-103". Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 123, nr 9 (9.05.2014): 662–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489414531910.
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Plonczak, Agata Marta, Ramy Aly, Hrsikesa Sharma i Anca Breahna. "‘Dragon horn SCC’". BMJ Case Reports 12, nr 12 (grudzień 2019): e233305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-233305.
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Pichler, R. "Bauwerkserfahrungen mit SCC". Beton- und Stahlbetonbau 95, nr 7 (lipiec 2000): 441–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/best.200000820.
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Uhrinčať, Michal, Vladimír Tančin, Kristína Tvarožková, Lucia Mačuhová, Martina Vršková, Martin Ptáček i Ivan Holko. "The electrical conductivity of sheep's milk and the possibility of mastitis detection". Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 13, nr 1 (28.07.2019): 562–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1074.
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Measurement of electrical conductivity (EC) is a method frequently used in dairy cows during milking in milking parlours, but especially in robotic milking as a low-cost mastitis detection method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between somatic cell count (SCC) and EC of milk in sheep reared in Slovakia as factors for monitoring subclinical mastitis on the basis of a bacteriological examination of udder health. Samples were collected individually from both halves of the udder from 295 sheep of different breeds from eight farms during evening milking. Based on SCC, the samples (590) were divided into classes (SCC < 2 × 105, 2 × 105 ≤ SCC < 4 × 105, 4 × 105 ≤ SCC < 6 × 105, and SCC ≥ 6 × 105 cells.mL-1), (SCC < 7 × 105 and SCC ≥ 7 × 105 cells.mL-1) and (SCC < 1 × 105 and SCC ≥ 1 × 105 cells.mL-1) respectively. Based on the presence of pathogens in the udder halve, they were classified as “major pathogens” (14), “minor pathogens” (161) and “without pathogens” (415). The presence of a pathogen had a significant effect on the increase in EC, SCC and protein content and decrease in content of lactose. We found a significant correlation between EV and SCC at first classification only in cases where all data was analysed jointly (r = 0.531), SCC ≥ 6 × 105 (r = 0.403) and SCC < 2 × 105 (r = 0.214). In the second and third classification, we found significant correlations in both cases, the SCC < 7 × 105 (r = 0.270) and the SCC ≥ 7 × 105 (r = 0.382) and SCC < 1 × 105 (r = 0.136) and the SCC ≥ 1 × 105 (r = 0.557). The electrical conductivity showed a stronger correlation with the lactose and protein content than LogSCC. We can argue that measuring the electrical conductivity of sheep milk may be a possible alternative for mastitis detection in sheep. EC can be useful in detecting animals with level of SSC greater than 6 × 105 cells.mL-1.
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Wellnitz, Olga, Amandine Baumert, Machabbat Saudenowa i Rupert M. Bruckmaier. "Immune response of bovine milk somatic cells to endotoxin in healthy quarters with normal and very low cell counts". Journal of Dairy Research 77, nr 4 (8.09.2010): 452–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029910000348.
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Low somatic cell count (SCC) is a reliable indicator of high-quality milk free of pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, an important goal in dairy practice is to produce milk with low SCC. Selection for cows with low SCC can sometimes lead to extremely low SCC in single quarters. The cells in milk are, however, predominantly immune cells with important immune functions. To investigate the mammary immune competence of quarters with very low SCC, healthy udder quarters of cows with normal SCC of (40–100)×103cells/ml and very low SCC of <20×103cells/ml were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fromEscherichia coli. In the first experiment, SCC and cell viability after a challenge with 50 ng of LPS/quarter was investigated. In the second experiment, tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) concentration and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in milk, and mRNA expression of various innate immune factors in milk cells were measured after a challenge with 100 μg LPS/quarter. LPS challenge induced an increase of SCC. SCC levels reached were higher in quarters with normal SCC and maximum SCC was reached 1 h earlier than in very low SCC quarters. The increase of TNF-α concentrations in milk in response to LPS challenge was lower in quarters with very low SCC than in quarters with normal SCC. The viability of cells and the LDH activity in milk increased in response to LPS challenge, however, without a difference between the groups. The mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-8 was increased in milk cells at 12 h after LPS challenge, whereas that of TNF-α and lactoferrin was not increased at the measured time points (12, 24 and 36 h after LPS challenge). No differences of mRNA expression of measured immune factors between normal and very low SCC samples were detected. The study showed that udder quarters with very low SCC responded with a less marked increase of SCC compared with quarters with normal SCC. This difference corresponded with simultaneously lower TNF-α concentrations in milk. However, the immune competence of the cells themselves based on mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β, and lactoferrin, did not differ. The results may indicate that very low SCC can impair the immune competence of udder quarters, because the immune response in udder quarters with lower SCC is less efficient as fewer cells contribute to the production of immunoregulators.
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Da Silva Bezerra, Joadilza, Juliana Paula Felipe de Oliveira, Danielle Cavalcanti Sales, Yhêlda Maria De Oliveira Silva, Stela Antas Urbano, Luis Henrique Fernandes Borba, Lisandra Murmann i Adriano Henrique Do Nascimento Rangel. "La influencia del método de ordeño, las condiciones de almacenamiento y el recuento de células somáticas en la calidad de la leche cruda en tanques". Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias 11, nr 4 (18.12.2020): 1016–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v11i4.5255.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the milking method, the storage conditions and the SCC (Somatic Cell Count) increase on the quality of raw milk. Monthly evaluations were performed out over a year in 21 tanks by monitoring the refrigeration temperature and the storage time of the milk in the tank. The tanks were grouped into three temperature levels. Milk storage time intervals were established in each tank: up to 24 h of storage; between 24 and 48 h; and above 48 h. The effect of SCC on the composition was evaluated in three categories: Low SCC; Medium SCC; High SCC. In the analyzed period, 10.8 % presented low SCC, followed by 46.5 % with medium SCC, while 42.7 % had high SCC. There was a positive correlation between SCC and protein, and a negative correlation between SCC and lactose. It is concluded that the milking method does not influence the microbial contamination of the milk; however, longer storage time and increased temperature influenced an increase in microorganism counts in milk. In evaluating the hygienic/sanitary quality of the milk, 42.7 % had high SCC and the total bacterial counts presented values above the values recommended by legislation.
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Amalia, L. Tiyani, Y. Setiawan i M. F. R. Hasan. "Performance of SCC Concrete with Additional Materials of Rice Husk Ash". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1116, nr 1 (1.12.2022): 012074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1116/1/012074.
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Abstract Concrete with high ductility, workable, high strength, easy to flow without compaction, and durable is a concrete need in the future. Concrete with this quality, one of which is to make self-compacting concrete (SCC). This paper reports performance of self compacting concrete (SCC) containing rice hush ash. Rice husk ash is waste from burning rice husks. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of SCC concrete with the addition of rice husk ash. SCC specimens were made using rice husk ash (RHA) and SCC without rice husk ash (NRHA). The specimens were made with water cement ratio 0.30. Superplastisizer used is a type Naptha 511P. The result indicated that the workability of SCC containing rice hush ash (RHA) more workable compare SCC without rice hush ash (NRHA). The initial setting time of SCC with rice hush ash more slowly compare SCC without rice hush ash. The compressive strength, flexural strength, and tensile strength of SCC RHA mor higher compare SCC without RHA (NRHA). The tensile strength value of RHA and without RHA concrete meets the tensile strength requirements of RSNI T-12-2004.
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Zahid, Adnan, Sajid Ali, Mukhtar Ahmed i Nadeem Iqbal. "Improvement of Soil Health through Residue Management and Conservation Tillage in Rice-Wheat Cropping System of Punjab, Pakistan". Agronomy 10, nr 12 (24.11.2020): 1844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121844.
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In South Asia, soil health degradation is affecting the sustainability of the rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS). Indeed, for the sustainability of the soil quality, new adaptive technologies, i.e., conservation tillage and straw management resource conservation, are promising options. This investigation was focused on the interaction of tillage and straw management practices and their effects on Aridisols, Yermosols soil quality, and nutrients dynamics with different soil profiles within RWCS. The long-term field experiment was started in 2014 with the scenarios (i) conventional tillage (SC1), (ii) residue incorporation (SC2), (iii) straw management practices (SC3 and SC4) and conservation tillage (SC5). Conservation tillage practice (SC5) showed significant impact on properties of soil and availability of nutrients in comparison with that of conventional farmers practice (SC1) at the studied soil depths. The SC5 showed significant results of gravitational water contents (25.34%), moderate pH (7.4), soil organic-matter (7.6 g kg−1), total nitrogen (0.38 g kg−1), available phosphate (7.4 mg kg−1), available potassium (208 mg kg−1) compared to SC1 treatment at 0 to 15 cm soil depth. Whereas, DTPA-extractable-Cu, Mn, and Zn concentration were significantly higher, i.e., 1.12 mg kg−1, 2.14 mg kg−1, and 4.35 mg kg−1, respectively under SC5 than conventional farmer’s practices, while DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) extractable Fe (6.15 mg kg−1) was more in straw management practices (SC4) than conventional and conservation tillage. Therefore, conservation tillage (SC5) can surge the sustainability of the region by improving soil assets and nutrients accessibility and has the potential to minimize inorganic fertilizers input in the long run.
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Liu, Jing, Huan Liu, Guangjie Cao, Yifang Cui, Huanhuan Wang, Xiaojie Chen, Fei Xu i Xiubo Li. "Microbiota Characterization of the Cow Mammary Gland Microenvironment and Its Association with Somatic Cell Count". Veterinary Sciences 10, nr 12 (11.12.2023): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10120699.
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Subclinical mastitis is a common disease that threatens the welfare and health of dairy cows and causes huge economic losses. Somatic cell count (SCC) is the most suitable indirect index used to evaluate the degree of mastitis. To explore the relationship between SCC, diversity in the microbiome, and subclinical mastitis, we performed next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of cow’s milk with different SCC ranges. The data obtained showed that the microbiota was rich and coordinated with SCC below 2 × 105. SCC above 2 × 105 showed a decrease in the diversity of microbial genera. When SCC was below 2 × 105, the phylum Actinobacteriota accounted for the most. When SCC was between 2 × 105 and 5 × 105, Firmicutes accounted for the most, and when SCC exceeded 5 × 105, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria accounted for the most. Pathogenic genera such as Streptococcus spp. were absent, while SCC above 2 × 105 showed a decrease in the diversity of microbial genera. SCC was positively correlated with the percentage of Romboutsia, Turicibacter, and Paeniclostridium and negatively correlated with the percentage of Staphylococcus, Psychrobacter, Aerococcus, and Streptococcus. Romboutsia decreased 6.19 times after the SCC exceeded 2 × 105; the SCC increased exponentially from 2 × 105 to 5 × 105 and above 1 × 106 in Psychrobacter. Analysis of the microbiota of the different SCC ranges suggests that the development of mastitis may not only be a primary infection but may also be the result of dysbiosis in the mammary gland.
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Ayub, Tehmina, Wajeeha Mahmood i Asad-ur-Rehman Khan. "Durability Performance of SCC and SCGC Containing Recycled Concrete Aggregates: A Comparative Study". Sustainability 13, nr 15 (2.08.2021): 8621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158621.
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This study assesses the behaviour of self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC) with and without recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) by studying the rheological, mechanical and durability properties and comparison with self-compacting concrete (SCC). The idea of using RCA in geopolymer is to attain sustainable development goals, i.e., with less carbon footprint and the use of waste materials such as fly ash and RCA. Two types of concretes were prepared, namely “self-compacting concrete (SCC)” and “self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC)”. Using each concrete type, two design mixes were prepared. The first mix contained 100% natural coarse aggregates (NCA), whereas, in the second mix, 30% NCA were replaced with RCA. The result of rheological properties indicated that the viscosity, passing ability, and segregation results of SCC and SCGC mixes were higher when NCA was partially replaced with RCA. Results of mechanical properties indicated that the increase in the compressive strength of the control mix of SCC (denoted as SCC-0) and SCGC mix (denoted as SCGC-0) at 28 days was 38.3% and 33.1% higher than those containing 30% RCA (denoted as SCC-30 and SCGC-30), respectively. The percentage increase in the compressive strength of SCC-0 and SCC-30 mixes was 20.24% and 13.45% higher compared to SCGC-0 and SCGC-30 mixes. The increase in the split tensile strength of SCC-0 and SCC-30 mixes was 9% and 21.74% higher than SCGC-0 and SCGC-30 mixes. The split tensile strength of control mixes SCC-0 and SCGC-0 is 47.73% and 55% higher than SCC-30 and SCGC-30 at 28 days, respectively. Durability performance of SCC and SCGC mixes was investigated by performing hydraulic permeability, accelerated carbonation, half-cell potential and pull-out tests at 28, 90, 180, 365, and 720 days, and were found inferior for SCGC mixes. The water penetration depth of SCGC-0 and SCGC-30 mixes was 5.71% to 16.1% and 10% to 18.6% higher than SCC-0 and SCC-30 mixes at 28 to 720 days. The carbonation depth in SCGC-0 and SCGC-30 mixes was 8.11% to 20.83% and 7.89% to 13.73% higher than SCC-0 and SCC-30 mixes at 28 to 720 days. The half-cell potential difference results for SCGC-0 and SCGC-30 mixes were 27.5% to 50% and 8.3% to 16.41% higher than SCC-0 and SCC-30 mixes at 28 to 720 days. The pull-out strength of SCC-0 and SCC-30 mixes was 11.36% to 29.5% and 8.3% to 38.97% higher than SCGC-0 and SCGC-30 mixes at 28 to 720 days, respectively. Overall, the mechanical and durability properties of SCC mixes were better than SCGC at the same exposure period.
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BATRA, T. R. "RELATIONSHIP OF SOMATIC CELL CONCENTRATION WITH MILK YIELD IN DAIRY COWS". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66, nr 3 (1.09.1986): 607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-067.
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The relationship between somatic cell count (SCC) and milk yield was studied using the data of 2181 composite milk samples collected once every 2 mo during 1982–1983 from 665 cows of the Ottawa herd of the National Cooperative Dairy Cattle Breeding Project. SCC was treated either as a continuous (log SCC) or a classification variable. The data, when SCC was treated as a continuous variable, were analyzed separately for the first and later lactations. The model contained the effects of genetic group, stage of lactation, season of calving, and log SCC as a covariable. As a classification variable SCC was partitioned into 10 classes and the data for the first and later lactation cows were combined. The model included the effects of genetic group, parity, stage of lactation, season of calving, and SCC classification. Lactation SCC was calculated as the average of actual individual SCC tests during the lactation. The model for the lactation milk yield included the effects of genetic group and parity, with log SCC and days in milk as covaribles within parity groups. The effects of genetic group, parity, stage of lactation, season of calving and SCC were significant (P < 0.01) for daily milk yield. Average daily milk yield loss was 0.5 kg and 0.7 kg for the first and later lactation cows, respectively, when the SCC increased from 200 × 103 to 400 × 103 cell mL−1. Lactation milk yield loss per unit increase in average log SCC was 74 kg in the first lactation and 88 kg for later lactations. These relationships were linear, suggesting that loss of milk yield per unit increase in SCC was greatest when SCC was low. Key words: Somatic cell count, milk yield
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Zhu, Junru, Chuntao Zhang i Wei Yu. "Compressive Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete after Cooling from High Temperatures". Buildings 12, nr 11 (3.11.2022): 1875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111875.
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Self-compacting concrete (SCC) has been widely used in building structures. However, previous research focused only on the mechanical properties and working properties of SCC at room temperature. Thus, there is limited research on the change of compressive strength of SCC after a fire. This paper aims to investigate the compressive properties of SCC after being cooled from high temperatures. The SCC specimens were firstly heated to a target temperature of 100–700 °C and were then cooled to ambient temperatures by water or in air. The heating and cooling damage to the SCC specimens was assessed by the mass loss and the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) separately. Afterward, the axial compression tests were carried out to investigate the compressive properties of the fire-affected SCC specimens under uniaxial compression. The residual mass, UPV, stress–strain curves, post-fire failure characteristics, and compressive strengths of the SCC specimens were discussed in detail. The mass loss of the SCC specimens showed an obvious increase with the rising temperatures, while the UPV exhibited a converse pattern. The mass loss of the SCC specimens after being naturally cooled increased more significantly, while the two cooling methods used in this experiment had little effect on the UPV. When the SCC specimens were cooled from 100 °C, the compressive strength of the SCC specimens cooled in air or water dropped by 32.54% and 35.15%, respectively. However, while the heating temperature rose to 700 °C, the compressive strengths of the SCC specimens cooled in air or water dropped sharply by 72.98% and 86.51%, respectively. Finally, an improved mathematical model for SCC after cooling from high temperatures was proposed based on Jones and Nelson’s equation. This improved material model matched the experimental results well, which demonstrates that the proposed constitutive model can provide better predictions for the SCC structures after a fire.
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Ogita, Mami, Makoto Kubo i Hiraku Kumamaru. "Prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the breast by biological subtypes and the efficacy of radiotherapy: The Japanese Breast Cancer Registry analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, nr 16_suppl (1.06.2023): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.561.
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561 Background: Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast is a rare disease, accounting for about 0.1% of all breast cancers. We aimed to determine the clinical features and prognosis of breast SCC, and the effect of radiotherapy by biological subtypes using the Japanese Breast Cancer Registry. Methods: We conducted a matched-pair analysis of 350,977 breast cancer patients with SCC or invasive ductal cancer (IDC) in the Japanese Breast Cancer Registry between 2004 and 2014. Inclusion criteria were female breast cancer patients who underwent surgery with stage I–III diseases, SCC or IDC, and age ≥ 18. Patients who received preoperative radiotherapy were excluded. We performed 1:1 SCC-IDC exact matching analysis by predominant subtypes in SCC: ER(-) and PgR(-)/HER2(-) or ER(+) and/or PgR(+)/HER2(-). Overall survival (OS), breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and first locoregional or distant metastasis recurrence incidence were compared between IDC and SCC by Kaplan-Meier methods and log-rank test. In-field area recurrence was compared between those who received radiotherapy and those who did not. Results: We included 452 SCC and 182,707 IDC patients for the analysis. SCC patients were more likely to present with advanced stage disease compared to those with IDC. Among SCC patients, 59% was ER(-)/PgR(-)/HER2(-), 19% was ER(+)/PgR(+)/HER2(-), 8% was ER(-)/PgR(-)/HER2(+), 2% was ER(+)/PgR(+)/HER2(+), and 12% was data missing. Ten-year OS, BCS, and RFS rates were 70%, 80%, and 66% in SCC, and 88%, 93%, and 81% in IDC, respectively, and SCC carried a significantly worse prognosis than IDC (all P < 0.001). For exact-matched analysis, 10-year BCS of ER(-)/PgR(-)/HER2(-) SCC patients was significantly worse than IDC (P = 0.02), whereas there were no significant differences between SCC and IDC of ER(+)/PgR(+)/HER2(-) patients in OS, BCS, and RFS. Among patients who received radiotherapy, no difference was found in in-field area recurrence between SCC and IDC in either ER(-)/PgR(-)/HER2(-) or ER(+)/PgR(+)/HER2(-) subtype. Conclusions: SCC of the breast was often diagnosed in an advanced stage and had a worse prognosis than IDC. More than half of them were triple-negative subtype. In the triple-negative subtype, SCC was an independent poor prognostic factor. No significant differences in in-field area recurrence after radiotherapy between SCC and IDC suggested that the effect of radiotherapy on local control for SCC was similar to IDC.
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Madadi-Sanjani, Omid, Joachim F. Kuebler, Marie Uecker, Eva-Doreen Pfister, Ulrich Baumann, Berit Kunze-Hullmann, Jochen Blaser, Thomas Buck i Claus Petersen. "Province-Wide Stool Color Card Screening for Biliary Atresia in Lower-Saxony: Experiences with Passive Distribution Strategies and Results". International Journal of Neonatal Screening 7, nr 4 (4.11.2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijns7040075.
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Background: Stool color card (SCC) screenings for biliary atresia (BA) have shown to improve Kasai timing and outcome significantly. Both obligatory and non-obligatory screenings with passive distribution strategies have proven to be effective. Therefore, we have initiated a voluntary SCC program and aim to describe our experience. Methods: Since 2017 we supply all maternity wards in Lower-Saxony with SCC. Attending pediatricians and parents of BA infants were contacted via questionnaires and asked for their evaluation of the SCC screening. Results: 85.2% of attending pediatricians support the SCC screening, but only 78.1% considered the initiative useful. In their clinical routine, only 67% of visiting parents report to have received an SCC at the maternity hospital. In the group of parents of BA infants, only 54% (7/13) had received an SCC. Out of those seven parents, only one had referred their child to a children’s hospital based on pathological SCC results. The lack of SCC education in the maternity hospitals was made responsible by parents. Within three years, only one infant with BA was identified through the SCC. Conclusions: Our voluntary SCC screening shows serious limitations with inacceptable distribution of SCCs and low acceptance of attending pediatricians. SCC programs in decentralized health care systems without educational campaigns, standardized diagnostic and treatment algorithms and the definition of reference centers are additional burdens for local health care providers without the promised benefit.
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Sadalla, José Carlos, Sílvia Vanessa Lourenço, Mirian Nacagami Sotto, Edmund Chada Baracat i Jesus Paula Carvalho. "Claudin and p53 expression in vulvar lichen sclerosus and squamous-cell carcinoma". Journal of Clinical Pathology 64, nr 10 (4.06.2011): 853–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2011-200103.
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AimsVulvar squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare gynaecological cancer. Vulvar SCC has been shown to develop from vulvar intraepithelial neoplasias, which are related to lichen sclerosus (LS). Most studies to date have compared vulvar SCC with LS only morphologically, but no detailed molecular analysis has been performed. The objective was to compare claudin and p53 expression in these diseases and determine if there was any association with expression and vulvar SCC progression.MethodsImmunohistochemical analysis was performed in order to determine expression of p53 and claudin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 11 in human vulvar tissue samples from LS, SCC and control patients.ResultsClaudin 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were expressed comparably in the three groups. Claudin 7 and 11 expression was significantly decreased in LS and SCC samples compared with the control group. Expression of p53 was significantly increased in SCC and LS patient samples compared with the control group.ConclusionsClaudin 7 and 11 were not expressed in LS and SCC. However, there was no significant difference in expression of any of the claudins between the LS and SCC samples. Furthermore, p53 expression is the highest in SCC patients and lowest in the control group. However, expression of p53 did not vary between samples from isolated LS and LS associated SCC patients, suggesting that increased p53 expression is not the determining factor in the progression of LS lesions to SCC.
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Hampras, Shalaka S., Rhianna A. Reed, Spencer Bezalel, Michael Cameron, Basil Cherpelis, Neil Fenske, Vernon K. Sondak i in. "Cutaneous Human Papillomavirus Infection and Development of Subsequent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin". Journal of Skin Cancer 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1368103.
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The role of cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the development of subsequent cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is unknown. Pathologically confirmed cases of SCC (n=150) enrolled in a previously conducted case-control study were included in a retrospective cohort study to examine the association of cutaneous HPV at the time of SCC diagnosis with the risk of subsequent SCC development. Data on HPV seropositivity, HPV DNA in eyebrow hairs (EB) and SCC tumors were available from the parent study. Incidence of subsequent SCC was estimated using person-years of follow up. Cox Proportional Hazards ratios were estimated to evaluate the associations of both, HPV seropositivity and HPV DNA positivity with subsequent SCC. The five year cumulative incidence of subsequent SCC was 72%. Seropositivity to cutaneous HPV was not associated with the risk of subsequent SCC (HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.41–1.67). Any beta HPV infection in EB was associated with reduced risk (HR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.11–0.78) of subsequent SCC among cases who were positive for beta HPV DNA in tumor tissue. Infection with beta HPV type 2 (HR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.12–0.86) in EB was associated with reduced risk of subsequent SCC among HPV DNA positive SCCs. In conclusion, beta HPV infection was inversely associated with the risk of subsequent SCC.
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Mačuhová, Lucia, Vladimír Tančin, Juliana Mačuhová, Michal Uhrinčať, Marta Oravcová, Martina Vršková i Kristína Tvarožková. "Effect of somatic cell count on milkability and milk composition of ewes". Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 14 (28.10.2020): 1035–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1411.
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The trial aimed to study the effect of somatic cell count, breed, milk flow type, and parity on the milkability and milk composition of ewes. The flock consists of purebred Lacaune ewes (LC; n = 29) and crossbreds ewes of Improved Valachian (IV x LC; n = 35) and Tsigai (TS x LC; n = 37) with LC (with a genetic portion of Lacaune 25 and 50%). Ewes were assigned according to somatic cell count (SCC) to one of the following three groups: SCC ≤300,000 cells per mL (SCC Group 300,000), SCC between 300,000 and 1000,000 cells per mL (SCC Group 300,000 – 1000,000), SCC ≥1000,000 cells per mL (SCC Group 1000,000). 56% of evaluated ewes had less than 300,000 cells per mL and 29% more than 1000,000 cells per mL in milk. No significant differences were observed between different groups of SCC in total, machine milk yield, and the proportion of milk yield in 30 s and 60 s. The significant differences were observed between SCC Group 300,000 and SCC Group 300,000 – 1000,000 in the proportion of machine stripping from total milk yield (41 ±2 vs. 57 ±4%). Milk flow type had a significant effect on all evaluated milkability parameters but not on milk composition. Ewes on fourth parity had the highest proportion of machine stripping from total milk yield then ewes on third, fifth, and sixth and higher (60% vs. 47, 45, 46%; resp.). Effect of SCC Group on milk composition manifested only in solids not fat. The significant differences were observed between SCC Group 1000,000 to SCC Group 300,000 and SCC Group 300,000 – 1000,000 (10.75 ±0.08% vs. 11.05 ±0.06 and 11.15 ±0.11%, p ≤0.0004).
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Lehmann, Mirjam, Samantha K. Wall, Olga Wellnitz i Rupert M. Bruckmaier. "Changes in milk L-lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, serum albumin, and IgG during milk ejection and their association with somatic cell count". Journal of Dairy Research 82, nr 2 (3.12.2014): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002202991400065x.
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In both conventional and automatic milking systems (AMS), sensitive and reliable mastitis detection is important for profitable milk production. Mastitis detection parameters must be able to detect mastitis when the somatic cell count (SCC) is only slightly elevated. Owing to the pre-milking teat cleaning process in AMS, sampling cannot take place before the occurrence of alveolar milk ejection and importantly, this can affect the ability of parameters to detect mastitis. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of alveolar milk ejection on l-lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum albumin (SA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) compared with SCC, a commonly used indicator of mastitis. In this experiment, milk samples were collected every 20 s from one quarter during a 120-s manual teat stimulation in ten cows. Samples were analysed for SCC, l-lactate, LDH, SA and IgG. Quarters were grouped by low (<5·0 log10 cells/ml), mid (5·0–5·7 log10 cells/ml), and high (>5·7 log10 cells/ml) SCC using the sample at t=0 s. Neither l-lactate nor LDH could statistically differentiate between low and mid-SCC quarters, but there were a significant difference in levels between the high-SCC quarters and low and mid-SCC quarters. SA could not differentiate between the low and mid-SCC quarters, but the SA levels for the high SCC quarters remained statistically different compared with low and mid-SCC quarters throughout the experiment. IgG could statistically differentiate between low and mid-SCC, although the high-SCC quarters were not statistically different from the mid-SCC quarters after 60 s. In the high-SCC quarters, a decrease was shown in all parameters during milk ejection, after t=60 s. In conclusion, alveolar milk ejection reduces the effectiveness of detection parameters when compared with SCC. With the exception of IgG, the ability of other tested parameters was not satisfactory to differentiate between quarters with low to mid-SCC levels