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1
Holden, Tony. Knowledge based CAD and microelectronics. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1987.
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Hameurlain, Abdelkader. Transactions on Large-Scale Data- and Knowledge-Centered Systems VII. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.
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de Sá Caetano, Elsa. Cable Vibrations in Cable-Stayed Bridges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed009.
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<p>The fifty years of experience of construction of cable-stayed bridges since their establishment as a new category among the classical types have brought an immense progress, ranging from design and conception to materials, analysis, construction, observation and retrofitting. The growing construction of cable-stayed bridges has also triggered researchers’ and designers’ attention to the problem of cable vibrations. Intensive research has been developed all over the world during the last two decades as a consequence of the numerous cases of cable vibrations exhibited by all types of cable-stayed bridges.<p>Despite the increased knowledge of the various vibration phenomena, most of the outcomes and research results have been published in journals and conference proceedings and scarce information is currently provided by the existing recommendations and codes. <p>The present book provides a comprehensive survey on the governing phenomena of cable vibration, both associated with direct action of wind and rain: buffeting, vortex-shedding, wake effects, rain-wind vibration; and resulting from the indirect excitation through anchorage oscillation: external and parametric excitation. Methodologies for assessment of the effects of those phenomena are presented and illustrated by practical examples. Control of cable vibrations is then discussed and state-of-art results on the design of passive control devices are presented. <p>The book is complemented with a series of case reports reflecting the practical approach shared by experienced designers and consultants: Yves Bournand (VSL International), Chris Geurts (TNO), Carl Hansvold (Johs. Holt), Allan Larsen (Cowi) and Randall Poston (WDP & Associates).
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Bulian, Giovanni, i Yasushi Nakano. Small-scale Fisheries in Japan. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-226-0.
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This collection of essays brings together a range of critical approaches, from varying disciplinary backgrounds, to provide an in-depth overview of the past and current status of small-scale fisheries in Japan. The book attempts to map out some of the major themes relating to community-based fisheries-management systems, environmental sustainability, lottery systems for allocating fishing spots, fishing livelihoods, local knowledge, social vulnerability to environmental hazards, socioeconomic factors affecting small-scale fisheries development, history of destructive fishing practices, women’s entrepreneurship in the seafood sector, traditional leadership systems, religious festivals, and power relationship between local communities and government agencies. The aim of this book is then to provide a comprehensive and multifaceted analysis of the cultural richness of this fishing sector, which still plays a key role in the broad academic debates focused on the potential small-scale fishery trajectories within the context of global scenarios.
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Burris, Scott, Micah L. Berman, Matthew Penn, and i Tara Ramanathan Holiday. Using Evidence and Knowledge Critically in Policy Development. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190681050.003.0007.
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This chapter starts with the recognition that policymaking usually precedes evidence of what laws are effective in solving the problem at hand. That does not mean that policymaking cannot be guided by evidence. Policymakers can usually draw on extensive evidence defining the problem and evidence of analogous policy cases. This chapter identifies sources of policy recommendations and direct evidence of policy impact, including systematic reviews, narrative reviews, models, cost-benefit analysis, and individual studies. It reviews strategies for identifying bias and source credibility and tools for “educated guessing” about policy options in matters where evidence is scarce or incomplete, including causal mapping and the Haddon matrix. Finally, it introduces the Health in All Policies approach and the use of health impact assessments as tools to consider broader impact and cross-sectoral cooperation.
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Smiraglia, Richard P., i Andrea Scharnhorst, red. Linking Knowledge. Ergon – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783956506611.
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The growth and population of the Semantic Web, especially the Linked Open Data (LOD) Cloud, has brought to the fore the challenges of ordering knowledge for data mining on an unprecedented scale. The LOD Cloud is structured from billions of elements of knowledge and pointers to knowledge organization systems (KOSs) such as ontologies, taxonomies, typologies, thesauri, etc. The variant and heterogeneous knowledge areas that comprise the social sciences and humanities (SSH), including cultural heritage applications are bringing multi-dimensional richness to the LOD Cloud. Each such application arrives with its own challenges regarding KOSs in the Cloud. With contributions by Sören Auer, Gerard Coen, Kathleen Gregory, Mohamad Yaser Jaradeh, Daniel Martínez Ávila, Philipp Mayr, Allard Oelen, Cristina Pattuelli, Tobias Renwick, Andrea Scharnhorst, Ronald Siebes, Aida Slavic, Richard P Smiraglia, Markus Stocker, Rick Szostak, Marnix van Berchum, Charles van den Heuvel, J. Bradford Young, Veruska Zamborlini and Marcia Zeng.
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Wagner, Roland, Abdelkader Hameurlain i Josef Küng. Transactions on Large-Scale Data- and Knowledge-Centered Systems IX. Springer London, Limited, 2013.
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Festing, Marion, Katharina Harsch, Lynn Schäfer i Hugh Scullion. Talent Management in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises. Redaktorzy David G. Collings, Kamel Mellahi i Wayne F. Cascio. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198758273.013.13.
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Despite the economic importance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), talent management in this context is under-researched. The liability of smallness and scarce resources as typical features of SMEs require a specific definition and approach to talent management in this sector. The limited knowledge about talent management in SMEs indicates major challenges in attracting and retaining talent. We draw on the literature on human resource management (HRM) in SMEs, to put talent-management issues in a wider context. Furthermore, we outline HRM and talent-management networks and cooperation in industry clusters as a means for SMEs to join forces to compete with larger, multinational companies. However, this chapter also indicates that more research is needed in the field of talent management in SMEs.
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Penrose, Jago. The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753940.003.0011.
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This chapter comprises a description of Edith’s influential book, The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, how it came to be written, and its main arguments. It is often called revolutionary. She showed that the human resources required for the management of change are tied to the individual firm and so are internally scarce. As management tries to make the best use of the resources available, a ‘dynamic’ interacting process occurs which encourages growth but limits the rate of growth. The book was an important step towards modern, liberally minded management concepts, developing the resource-based and knowledge-based perspective, and ultimately including the theory of stakeholding, in which the interests of employees, customers, and the community count alongside those of shareholder owners.
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Wagner, Roland, Abdelkader Hameurlain i Josef Küng. Transactions on Large-Scale Data- and Knowledge-Centered Systems XXV. Springer London, Limited, 2016.
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Stafford Smith, Mark, i Julian Cribb. Dry Times. CSIRO Publishing, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643098039.
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With knowledge from our deserts, Australians can reshape the human story. Dry Times: Blueprint for a Red Land provides new insights into how our desert environments and institutions work – and how this affects the people living in them, Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal alike.
It shows that the desert offers solutions to the challenges of living in an uncertain and threatening age, teaching us new ways to live, manage scarce resources, and cope with climatic extremes, isolation and lack of water and energy. These lessons apply not only to remote regions, but also to cities and entire nations as humanity faces growing scarcity of vital resources.
With vivid examples drawn from Australia's desert life, outback people, animals and plants, Dry Times holds many positive lessons for our nation and humanity in a changing and resource-depleted world.
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Carayannis, Elias G., i David Campbell, red. Knowledge Creation, Diffusion, and Use in Innovation Networks and Knowledge Clusters. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400675959.
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In the 21st century, intangible resources such as knowledge and social capital have become as necessary to the modern economy as coal, diamonds, and oil were to the past. This shift from product-focused to service-focused economies necessitates a drastic re-thinking of the ways in which we support the mission and business of economic development on a global, regional, and national scale. In order to effect and sustain a positive change, innovation and knowledge networks need to be connected to every aspect of life, from the private and domestic, to the corporate and the global. This book integrates a wide variety of perspectives and treatises on mutually adaptive and complementary processes of knowledge generation, diffusion, and transfer within organizations and industry, addressing both the what and how to questions of knowledge management in a conceptual as well as an applied manner. It should be of strong interest to science and technology policy makers, research and development managers, business decision makers, and students of innovation and knowledge dynamics alike.
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Mitchell Sommers, Susan. Ebenezer Sibly’s Wondrous Library. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687328.003.0014.
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Scholars of esotericism often cite Ebenezer Sibly as a key figure in the transmission of early modern knowledge of the arcane to its “rediscovery” in the nineteenth century. Their explanation of his importance focuses on his “wondrous library” of scarce books and manuscripts. In fact, his library is mentioned in his will, but its omission from his probate inventory invites a reappraisal of the traditional account. What happened to the library? If it existed, what did it contain? This chapter reconstructs the contents of the library and draws some conclusions about how essential it was for Sibly’s reputation as a transmitter of early modern esotericism. The absence of a physical library also leads to a refashioning of Sibly’s role in the esoteric revival. He emerges not as a guardian of ancient books, but as the compiler of An Illustration, which, published affordably in numbers, helped build a broad readership for astrology.
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Nissinen, Martti. Prophetic Intermediation in the Ancient Near East. Redaktor Carolyn J. Sharp. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859559.013.1.
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The chapter serves as an introduction to the written evidence of the historical phenomenon of prophecy in the ancient Near East. Prophecy is understood as intermediation of divine knowledge by non-technical means, constituting one of the many modes of divination. The documents of ancient Near Eastern prophecy are scarce and their chronological or geographical distribution is uneven, the majority of texts deriving from Mari (seventeenth century B.C.E.) and Assyria (seventh century B.C.E.). Nevertheless, the phenomenon can be observed across the Near East, allowing a historical and phenomenological comparison with the later evidence of Greek oracles. The chapter surveys the prophetic phenomenon from the perspectives of writing and literary interpretation, spirit possession, gender, and the relationships of prophets with religious and political institutions. Enough commonalities are found in the Near Eastern, Greek, and biblical texts to warrant the assumption of the existence of a common ancient Eastern Mediterranean prophetic phenomenon.
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Suicide Tuesday: Gay Men and the Crystal Meth Scare. Carroll & Graf, 2005.
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Hartmann, Sven, Roland Wagner, Hui Ma i Abdelkader Hameurlain. Transactions on Large-Scale Data- and Knowledge-Centered Systems XXXVIII: Special Issue on Database- and Expert-Systems Applications. Springer, 2018.
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Bhagat, Rabi S. Technology Transfer and Organizational Knowledge Management. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190241490.003.0006.
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To remain competitive on a global scale, global organizations must transfer innovative technologies among various subsidiaries on an ongoing basis. Transferring technologies across nations and borders is complicated. Technologies come in various forms—some can be transferred relatively easily, others take years to transfer. The nature of various types of technologies along with the barriers to their transfer across nations is discussed. The process of creating, absorbing, diffusing, and transferring technologies to various subsidiaries needs to be understood. This chapter considers this topic in detail and moves on to the issue of organizational knowledge management, which has evolved as a major topic in enhancing global competitiveness. The dimensions of organizational knowledge that are important for global managers are discussed, and the various modes of creating and diffusing knowledge are also presented. The implications for managing organizational knowledge and transferring technologies effectively on a worldwide basis are discussed.
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Morrison, Julie Q., i Anna L. Harms. Advancing Evidence-Based Practice Through Program Evaluation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190609108.001.0001.
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The demand for results-driven accountability is pervasive in all aspects of education today. The shift in emphasis from compliance to accountability for closing achievement gaps and improving student outcomes creates challenges and opportunities for school-based professionals. School-based professionals have a significant role to play in supporting school improvement efforts and improving outcomes for students in their role as program evaluators. Despite the need for advanced knowledge and skills in program evaluation, resources dedicated to developing the competencies of school-based professionals in evaluation approaches, methods, and tools are scarce. This book addresses this need by serving as a practical resource for school-based professionals seeking to use program evaluation to enhance data-based decision making and accountability as informed by implementation research and within the context of a multi-tier system of supports framework. Throughout this book, school-based professionals are positioned as change agents guiding their school or school districts in the adoption, implementation, and evaluation of evidence-based interventions and systems of support to meet students’ academic and behavioral needs.
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Campbell, Ian W. Knowledge and the Ends of Empire. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501700798.001.0001.
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This book investigates the connections between knowledge production and policy formation on the Kazak steppes of the Russian Empire. Hoping to better govern the region, tsarist officials were desperate to obtain reliable information about an unfamiliar environment and population. This created opportunities for Kazak intermediaries to represent themselves and their landscape to the tsarist state. Because tsarist officials were uncertain of what the steppe was, and disagreed on what could be made of it, Kazaks were able to be part of these debates, at times influencing the policies that were pursued. This book tells a story that highlights the contingencies of and opportunities for cooperation with imperial rule. Kazak intermediaries were at first able to put forward their own idiosyncratic views on whether the steppe was to be Muslim or secular, whether it should be a center of stock-raising or of agriculture, and the extent to which local institutions needed to give way to imperial institutions. It was when the tsarist state was most confident in its knowledge of the steppe that it committed its gravest errors by alienating Kazak intermediaries and placing unbearable stresses on pastoral nomads. From the 1890s on, when the dominant visions in St. Petersburg were of large-scale peasant colonization of the steppe and its transformation into a hearth of sedentary agriculture, the same local knowledge that Kazaks had used to negotiate tsarist rule was transformed into a language of resistance.
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Bruce, Steve. British Gods. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198854111.001.0001.
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The product of a forty-year career of sociological research, British Gods is a comprehensive survey of contemporary Britain’s faith climate. Bruce has returned to a number of towns and villages that were the subject of detailed community studies in the 1950s and 1960s to see how the status, nature, and popularity of religion have changed. Those restudies—supported by a large body of survey data and statistical evidence on such measures of religious interest as baptisms, church weddings, church membership, and church attendance—provide a springboard for exploring such general issues as the status of the clergy, the churches’ attempts to find new roles, the growth of non-Christian religions, the changing nature of superstition, links between religion and violence, the impact of the charismatic movement, the ordination of women, New Age spirituality, arguments over moral issues such as abortion and gay rights, the effect of social class on belief, the impact of religion on British politics, and the ways that local social structures strengthen or weaken religion. The final chapter considers the obstacles to any religious revival and concludes that the current stock of religious knowledge is so depleted, religion so unpopular, and committed believers so scarce that any significant reversal of religion’s decline in Britain is unlikely.
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Regan, John. Semantic Change and Collective Knowledge in 18th Century Britain. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350360525.
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An in-depth digital investigation of several 18th-century British corpora, this book identifies shared communities of meaning in the printed British 18th century by highlighting and analysing patterns in the distribution of lexis. There are forces of attraction between words: some are more likely to keep company than others, and how words attract and repel one another is worthy of note. Charting these forces, this book demonstrates how distant reading 18th-century corpora can tell us something new, methodologically defensible and, crucially, interesting, about the most common constructions of word meanings and epistemes in the printed British 18th century. In the case studies in this book, computation brings to light some remarkable facts about collectively-produced forms of meaning, without which the most common meanings of words, and the ways of knowing that they constituted, would remain matters of conjecture rather than evidence. Providing the first investigation of collective meaning and knowledge in the British 18th century, this interdisciplinary study builds on the existing stores of close reading, praxis, and history of ideas, presenting a view constructed at scale, rather than at the level of individual texts.
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Halvorsen, Tor, Hilde Ibsen i Vyvienne RP M’kumbuzi. Knowledge for a Sustainable World: A Southern African-Nordic contribution. African Minds, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781928331049.
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The search for answers to the issue of global sustainability has become increasingly urgent. In the context of higher education, many universities and academics are seeking new insights that can shift our dependence on ways of living that rely on the exploitation of so many and the degradation of so much of our planet. This is the vision that drives SANORD and many of the researchers and institutions within its network. Although much of the research is on a relatively small scale, the vision is steadily gaining momentum, forging dynamic collaborations and pathways to new knowledge. The contributors to this book cover a variety of subject areas and offer fresh insights about chronically under-researched parts of the world. Others document and critically reflect on innovative approaches to cross-continental teaching and research collaborations. This book will be of interest to anyone involved in the transformation of higher education or the practicalities of cross-continental and cross-disciplinary academic collaboration. The Southern African-Nordic Centre (SANORD) is a network of higher education institutions from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Botswana, Namibia, Malawi, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Universities in the southern African and Nordic regions that are not yet members are encouraged to join.
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Farrington, David P., i Darrick Jolliffe. Empathy Versus Offending, Aggression and Bullying: Advancing Knowledge Using the Basic Empathy Scale. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Farrington, David, i Darrick Jolliffe. Empathy Versus Offending, Aggression and Bullying: Advancing Knowledge Using the Basic Empathy Scale. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.
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Farrington, David P., i Darrick Jolliffe. Empathy Versus Offending, Aggression and Bullying: Advancing Knowledge Using the Basic Empathy Scale. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Halvorsen, Tor, Hilde Ibsen, Henri-Count Evans i Sharon Penderis. Knowledge for Justice: Critical Perspectives from Southern African-Nordic Research Partnerships. African Minds, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781928331636.
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With the adoption of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement, the purpose of development is being redefined in both social and environmental terms. Despite pushback from conservative forces, change is accelerating in many sectors. To drive this transformation in ways that bring about social, environmental and economic justice at a local, national, regional and global levels, new knowledge and strong cross-regional networks capable of foregrounding different realities, needs and agendas will be essential. In fact, the power of knowledge matters today in ways that humanity has probably never experienced before, placing an emphasis on the roles of research, academics and universities. In this collection, an international diverse collection of scholars from the southern African and Nordic regions critically review the SDGs in relation to their own areas of expertise, while placing the process of knowledge production in the spotlight. In Part I, the contributors provide a sober assessment of the obstacles that neo-liberal hegemony presents to substantive transformation. In Part Two, lessons learned from North-South research collaborations and academic exchanges are assessed in terms of their potential to offer real alternatives. In Part III, a set of case studies supply clear and nuanced analyses of the scale of the challenges faced in ensuring that no one is left behind. This accessible and absorbing collection will be of interest to anyone interested in North-South research networks and in the contemporary debates on the role of knowledge production. The Southern African-Nordic Centre (SANORD) is a network of higher education institutions that stretches across Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Botswana, Namibia, Malawi, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Universities in the southern African and Nordic regions that are not yet members are encouraged to join.
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Birtles, Richard. Other bacterial diseasesAnaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis and neorickettsiosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0020.
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In 2001, taxonomic reorganization of the bacterial genera Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Cowdria and Neorickettsia resulted in the transfer of numerous species between these taxa, and the renaming of the transferred species to reflect their new taxonomic position (Dumler et al. 2001). Among the members of these genera, there are four species of established zoonotic importance, which are therefore the subject of this chapter. Two of these species were affected by the changes outlined above.Although these four species possess markedly different ecologies, they share the fundamental biological character of being obligate intracellular bacteria that reside within vacuoles of eukaryotic cells. This lifestyle underlies their fastidious nature in the laboratory and hence our limited knowledge of their biology and pathogenicity. Nonetheless, despite this shortfall, all four are associated with diseases of established or emerging importance: E. chaffeensis provokes human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME), E. ewingii causes human ewingii ehrlichiosis (HEE), A. phagocytophilum causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), N. sennetsu is the agent of sennetsu neorickettsiosis.The first three pathogens are transmitted by hard (ixodid) ticks and are encountered across the temperate zones of the northern hemisphere (and maybe beyond), although the vast majority of human infections caused by them are currently reported in the USA. There, HME and HGA are second only to Lyme disease (caused by Borrelia burgdorferi) in terms of public health significance. Furthermore, given that there is evidence of increasing population sizes and changing distributions for ixodid species (Scharlemann et al. 2008), it is not unreasonable to predict that the infections they transmit will present an increased medical burden in the future. N. sennetsu remains an enigmatic pathogen; case reports remain scarce, but serological surveys suggest high levels of exposure. The widespread consumption of raw fish across east Asia presents specific infection risks to this region, and an increased awareness that sennetsu neorickettsiosis is among the infections that can be acquired from this source is required before its public health importance can be accurately assessed.
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Cribb, Julian, i Tjempaka Sari. Open Science. CSIRO Publishing, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643097643.
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Open Science is about how we address the profound challenges which now confront humanity: climate, the food crisis, environmental degradation, resource scarcity and disease; through science communication. These call for the sharing of scientific knowledge among billions of humans, on a scale never before attempted.
Open Science offers practical ways to communicate science in a highly networked world where billions of people still have little or no access to advanced knowledge or technologies. The authors describe low-cost, effective means to transfer knowledge to target audiences in industry, government, the community and to the public at large.
The book features sections on good science writing, practical advice on how to develop communication and media strategies, ways to measure communication performance, how to handle institutional 'crises', how to deal with politicians and
much more.
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Vossen, Piek. Ontologies. Redaktor Ruslan Mitkov. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199276349.013.0025.
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Ontology refers to the storage of information within a domain, to draw common sense inferences. The expressly linguistic nature of this sort of information would translate it into a lexicon. Traditions dealing with knowledge structuring within ontologies, can be positioned depending on their focus on words/concepts, for different purposes. These are, philosophical tradition, cognitive tradition, artificial intelligence tradition, lexical semantics, lexicography, and information science. Ontologically accumulated knowledge bases can be used to inform structural linguistic analysis, as well as partial understanding. However, most current NLP techniques hardly ever perform full language understanding. While NLP generally seems to be shifting towards inferencing systems that exploit common sense knowledge, small-scale information systems can be enhanced by (re)using more general strands of information. Prospects of convergence of different paradigms have also triggered of efforts to standardize ontological contents.
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Wagner, Roland, Abdelkader Hameurlain i Josef Küng. Transactions on Large-Scale Data- and Knowledge-Centered Systems VI: Special Issue on Database- and Expert-Systems Applications. Springer, 2012.
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Wagner, Roland, Xiaofang Zhou, Klaus-Dieter Schewe, Abdelkader Hameurlain, Stephen W. Liddle i Josef Küng. Transactions on Large-Scale Data- and Knowledge-Centered Systems VI: Special Issue on Database- and Expert-Systems Applications. Springer, 2012.
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Audi, Robert. Seeing, Knowing, and Doing. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197503508.001.0001.
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This book provides an overall theory of perception and an account of knowledge and justification concerning the physical, the abstract, and the normative. It has the rigor appropriate for professionals but explains its main points using concrete examples. It accounts for two important aspects of perception on which philosophers have said too little: its relevance to a priori knowledge—traditionally conceived as independent of perception—and its role in human action. Overall, the book provides a full-scale account of perception, presents a theory of the a priori, and explains how perception guides action. It also clarifies the relation between action and practical reasoning; the notion of rational action; and the relation between propositional and practical knowledge. Part One develops a theory of perception as experiential, representational, and causally connected with its objects: as a discriminative response to those objects, embodying phenomenally distinctive elements; and as yielding rich information that underlies human knowledge. Part Two presents a theory of self-evidence and the a priori. The theory is perceptualist in explicating the apprehension of a priori truths by articulating its parallels to perception. The theory unifies empirical and a priori knowledge by clarifying their reliable connections with their objects—connections many have thought impossible for a priori knowledge as about the abstract. Part Three explores how perception guides action; the relation between knowing how and knowing that; the nature of reasons for action; the role of inference in determining action; and the overall conditions for rational action.
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Rowett, Catherine. Geometry and the Scientific Project. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199693658.003.0010.
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The boy Theaetetus is still at a lowly stage on the scale of scientific studies from the Republic. Plato illustrates the mistakes that arise from his immature grasp of what science is, due to mistaking sense perception and doxa for the true science of being. Socrates also pushes him off on the wrong foot by demanding a compositional analysis of knowledge, on a model borrowed from natural science. The result is a misdirected enquiry, exposing the failure of a kind of definition that is suited only to compounds analysable in terms of their ingredients, and not to the items that are primitive in any analysis. Furthermore, since Theaetetus misunderstands the role of perception in geometry, his first inclination is to reduce knowledge to the perception of particulars.
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Pope, Barbara Kline, i Elizabeth Marincola. The Role of Scholarly Presses and Journals. Redaktorzy Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Dan M. Kahan i Dietram A. Scheufele. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190497620.013.21.
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The traditional publication process for scholarly journals and consensus books has enabled researchers to build upon past findings, advance knowledge, inspire the transformation of basic research into practical applications, and generate broad human benefits. In the digital age, this process is undergoing new opportunities and sobering challenges. Many journals and some book publishers now open scholarship to the world through the Web. Scholarly content has never been more available to more of our citizens. At the same time, publishing is facing serious challenges that include a better understanding of the weaknesses of peer review, delays to access, irreproducibility of some results, distortion of the journal impact factor, and complications around authorship credit posed by the changing nature and scale of research. In addition, not all scholarship is open access, and some thriving business models charge readers for content instead of disseminating knowledge freely.
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Eyre, Steve, i Jane Worthington. Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0040.
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A range of epidemiological studies have clearly established that susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. Studies over the last five decades have used a variety of approaches to identify the genetic variants associated with disease. HLA DRB1 was the first RA susceptibility locus to be discovered and has the largest effect size. We describe current understanding of the complexities of HLA association for RA. Linkage and small-scale association studies prior to 2007 provided convincing evidence for only one more RA susceptibility locus, PTPN22. Major breakthroughs in high-throughput genotyping and systematic discovery and mapping of hundreds of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) led to large-scale genome-wide association studies used for the first time for RA in 2007. This approach has had a dramatic impact on our knowledge of the susceptibility loci for RA, such that over 60 risk variants have now been robustly identified. We present an overview of these studies and the loci that have been identified. We consider how this knowledge is contributing to a greater understanding of the aetiology and pathology of the disease and in turn how this can influence management of patients presenting with an inflammatory arthritis. We consider some of the unanswered questions and the approaches that will need to be taken to address them.
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Eyre, Steve, Jane Worthington i Sebastien Viatte. Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0040_update_003.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A range of epidemiological studies have clearly established that susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. Studies over the last five decades have used a variety of approaches to identify the genetic variants associated with disease. HLA DRB1 was the first RA susceptibility locus to be discovered and has the largest effect size. We describe current understanding of the complexities of HLA association for RA. Linkage and small-scale association studies prior to 2007 provided convincing evidence for only one more RA susceptibility locus, PTPN22. Major breakthroughs in high-throughput genotyping, and systematic discovery and mapping of hundreds of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) led to large-scale genome-wide association studies used for the first time for RA in 2007. Widespread utilization of this approach has had a dramatic impact on our knowledge of the susceptibility loci for RA, such that over 100 risk variants have now been robustly identified. We present an overview of these studies and the loci that have been identified. We consider how this knowledge is contributing to a greater understanding of the aetiology and pathology of the disease, and in turn how this can influence management of patients presenting with an inflammatory arthritis. We consider some of the unanswered questions and the approaches that will need to be taken to address them.
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Kennedy, Eileen, i Diana Laurillard. Online Learning Futures. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350324268.
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The rapid shift online during the Covid-19 pandemic has put online learning firmly on the agenda of universities everywhere. To realise fully the transformative potential of online learning this book argues the need for an evidence-based design approach. The evidence comes from the experiences of online learners who are professionals: educators, engineers and researchers. Design-based research, survey responses and interviews with these learners will demonstrate that open, online, collaborative learning experiences are not only feasible but effective for building professional community knowledge. This kind of innovative online learning can help universities contribute to the global public good by achieving high quality learning at scale that will widen access to professional education and create more porous boundaries between universities and the wider community, for example in the context of the current policy discussions on the UN SDGs, such climate and inequality. The evidence shows how co-designed, transformative digital education can be mobilised to support, e.g., teachers in crisis contexts, professionals investigating renewable energy solutions, or medics adapting treatments to local conditions, and also scale up professional development in areas where expertise is urgently required. The book concludes that scaled up online learning can enable HE to deliver on the UN SDGs by equipping citizens and communities with the knowledge and skills needed to solve the world’s most pressing problems.
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Tian, Xiaofei. Literary Learning. Redaktorzy Wiebke Denecke, Wai-Yee Li i Xiaofei Tian. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199356591.013.10.
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This chapter discusses two major ways of organizing and disseminating knowledge in premodern China, namely, compiling an encyclopedia and making an epitome. An encyclopedia, leishu, consists of extracts taken from a variety of earlier works and classified under different categories. It is supposed to present an organized system of knowledge of the world, reflecting an orderly universe in its comprehensive, structured arrangement of ideas, concepts, and things. The imperial commissioning of a large-scale encyclopedia is also a way of demonstrating the state’s cultural power and political legitimacy. An epitome (chao or shuchao) is usually based on either one work or one type of work; it includes what are considered key passages from a work, and sometimes summarizes or paraphrases the content of a work. The making and circulating of encyclopedia and epitome raise important questions about what, and how, people read in medieval Chinese society.
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Spray, E. C. Health and Medicine in the Enlightenment. Redaktor Mark Jackson. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199546497.013.0005.
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This article discusses the transformation of medicine at the very end of the century and thus represents a shift both in the training of medical practitioners and in accounts of the body. The eighteenth century has been described as a time of increasing medicalization of Western societies. Though this is usually portrayed as a growth in the power of medical practitioners over ordinary life, in practice lay people may also understand it as an increasing embrace of the medical. The eighteenth century continues to be viewed as a critical period in the history of medicine, as the century when bodies became the subject of large-scale political intervention, from centralized responses to plague epidemics or mass inoculation programmes early in the century to the growing use of mortality tables at its end. To portray these knowledge projects in all their complexity, historians still need to embrace the full implications of treating eighteenth-century medical knowledge as a political enterprise.
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Joseph-Armstrong, Helen, i Susan P. Ashdown. Draping for Apparel Design. Wyd. 4. Bloomsbury Publishing Inc, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501315169.
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Draping for Apparel Design, Fourth Edition is the fully updated and revised edition of the seminal book pioneered by fashion education luminary Helen Joseph-Armstrong. This comprehensive guide provides step-by-step instruction for the beginning patternmaker and advanced techniques for the more experienced. Maintaining the vast array of examples and the book’s easy-to-read style, revising author Susan Ashdown reflects current industry standards, both metric and imperial measurements, images of diverse body types, and information about half scale forms. New material on jackets, coats, and loose-fitted knitwear add to this book’s breadth of knowledge. STUDIO Features: - Study smarter with self-quizzes featuring scored results and personalized study tips - Review concepts with flashcards of essential vocabulary - Watch videos that bring chapter topics and concepts to life - Expand your knowledge with draping instructions for additional designs and downloadable templates Instructor’s Resources: - PowerPoint® slides featuring key concepts from each chapter - Instructor’s Guide to help instructors integrate the text into their courses
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Grotlüschen, Anke, i Lisanne Heilmann, red. Between PIAAC and the New Literacy Studies. What adult education can learn from large-scale assessments without adopting the neo-liberal paradigm. Waxmann Verlag GmbH, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31244/9783830991885.
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With this book we present a selection of articles that critically deal with (internationally comparative) large-scale assessments. We acknowledge that studies such as PIAAC are often designed, financed and implemented on the basis of neo-liberal worldviews. Nevertheless, we would like to use the articles that are presented here to show the various ways in which adult and continuing education can benefit and learn from the knowledge that they generate. In PIAAC, for example, there are huge differences between the surveyed variables and the theoretical frameworks on literacies and literacy practices that the New Literacy Studies (NLS) have brought out. This book features eleven articles, which – with the NLS’s theoretical considerations and points of criticism in mind – find new and alternative evaluations and interpretations of the data. Not only can they show effects of marginalization on a large scale, but the data can also provide information about mechanisms of power in relation to literacy and basic competencies.
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Shapiro, Stewart. Philosophy of Mathematics and Its Logic: Introduction. Redaktor Stewart Shapiro. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195325928.003.0001.
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Mathematics plays an important role in virtually every scientific effort, no matter what part of the world it is aimed at. There is scarcely a natural or a social science that does not have substantial mathematics prerequisites. The burden on any complete philosophy of mathematics is to show how mathematics is applied to the material world, and to show how the methodology of mathematics (whatever it may be) fits into the methodology of the sciences (whatever it may be). In addition to its role in science, mathematics itself seems to be a knowledge-gathering activity. The philosophy of mathematics is, at least in part, a branch of epistemology. However, mathematics is at least prima facie different from other epistemic endeavors.
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Polanczyk, Guilherme V. Epidemiology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0013.
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This chapter initially reviews the main methodological aspects of ADHD prevalence studies, specifically study design, case definition, and ascertainment to subsequently address meta-analyses summarizing the prevalence of the disorder on children, adolescents, and adults. Results of meta-regression in the context of meta-analysis have investigated the effect of year of publication, sample location, and methodological characteristics of studies on heterogeneity of results. Studies on the course of the disorder, following up clinical and community samples, are discussed, as well as cultural influences on epidemiological findings. Large-scale cross-national studies and longitudinal studies following non-referred samples are necessary to further advance the knowledge on the epidemiology of ADHD.
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Taberlet, Pierre, Aurélie Bonin, Lucie Zinger i Eric Coissac. Marine environments. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767220.003.0013.
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Chapter 13 “Marine environments” focuses on different applications of eDNA to study marine biodiversity. After a brief description of the current knowledge on DNA cycle in pelagic and benthic environments, this chapter revisits how DNA metabarcoding, and more generally environmental genomics have revolutionized the field of marine microbiology through the discovery of novel taxa and by unveiling large-scale patterns of diversity for marine bacteria, protists, and viruses. This chapter then presents recent applications of DNA metabarcoding for both basic research or biomonitoring purposes to study marine invertebrates and fish populations and diversity, as well as the detection of invasive species. Current gaps and methodological challenges are also discussed.
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Kieschnick, John. Material Culture. Redaktor John Corrigan. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195170214.003.0013.
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Attention to material culture reveals generally shared responses across cultures to size, light, and representations of the human form. Even without specific cultural knowledge, monumental sculpture tends to provoke a sense of awe and small dark spaces a sense of foreboding and mystery. For this reason, whether for small-scale studies of individual practices or events or for comparative religion on a grander scale, attention to material culture has great explanatory potential. Before returning to the value of an appreciation of objects for understanding emotion and religion, this article presents a brief introduction to the term “material culture” and problems specific to the study of the material culture of religion. It then looks at intense emotions in extraordinary contexts, including the ecstasy of a shaman in trance, the anger of a crowd driven to violence, the weeping of saints, and the wonder of devotees in the presence of the miraculous. The article also considers objects that play a role in more pedestrian, though not necessarily less important, feelings.
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Lercari, Nicola, Willeke Wendrich, Benjamin W. Porter, Margie M. Burton i Thomas E. Levy, red. Preserving Cultural Heritage in the Digital Age: Sending Out an S.O.S. Equinox Publishing Ltd., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/isbn.9781800501263.
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In late August 2015, international media outlets and cultural institutions reported that the Islamic State beheaded the Syrian scholar Khaled al-Asaad and destroyed the 1st-century CE Temple of Bel in Palmyra, Syria. The world was horrorstruck. Apart from the human tragedy, archaeologists and the international communities were shocked by the wanton destruction of ancient remains that had survived for millennia. However, warfare and ideological destruction contribute just a fraction of the ongoing devastation of our forebears’ traces. This book brings attention to the magnitude of the silent loss of cultural heritage occurring worldwide and the even more insidious loss of knowledge due to the lack of publication and preservation of original data, notes, plans, and photographs of excavated archaeological sites. Highlighting a growing sense of urgency to intervene in whatever way possible, this book provides readers with a non-technical overview of how archaeologists and other stakeholders are increasingly turning to digital methods to mitigate some of the threats to at-risk cultural heritage. This volume is a gateway to enhancing the scale and reach of capturing, analyzing, managing, curating, and disseminating cultural heritage knowledge in sustainable ways and promoting collaboration among scholars and stakeholder communities.
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Biesel, Kay, Judith Masson, Nigel Parton i Tarja Pösö, red. Errors and Mistakes in Child Protection. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447350705.001.0001.
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This comprehensive international study provides a cross-national analysis of different understandings of errors and mistakes in child protection practice and lessons to avoid and handle them, using research and knowledge from eleven countries in Europe and North America. Divided into country-specific chapters, each examines the pathways that led to mistakes, the scale of their impact, how responsibilities and responses are decided and how practice and policy subsequently changed. Considering the complexities of evolving practice contexts, this authoritative, future-oriented study is an invaluable text for practitioners, researchers and policy makers wishing to understand why child protection fails – and offers a springboard for fresh thinking about strategies to reduce future risk.
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Conca, Ken, i Erika Weinthal, red. The Oxford Handbook of Water Politics and Policy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199335084.001.0001.
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This handbook gathers a diverse group of leading scholars of water politics and policy. Authors were tasked to present forward-looking chapters in their areas of expertise, flagging key trends in both research and practice. The volume is organized into six sections: poverty, rights, and ethics; food, energy, and water; water and the politics of scale; law, economics, and water management; the politics of transboundary water; and the politics of water knowledge. Cross-cutting themes include governance challenges rooted in the mobility, unpredictability, and public-goods dimensions of water; tensions and synergies among equity, efficiency, and sustainability; the distributive consequences of water governance; the design and performance of water institutions; and the implications of climate change.
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Powell, Byron J., Krystal G. Garcia i Maria E. Fernandez. Implementation Strategies. Redaktorzy David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton i Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0007.
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Implementation strategies are methods or techniques that can be used to enhance the adoption, implementation, scale-up, and sustainment of evidence-based cancer control practices into routine care. This chapter defines implementation strategies, presents several taxonomies of implementation strategies that can be used to address multilevel implementation barriers, describes guidelines for reporting and specifying implementation strategies to ensure the efficient generation of knowledge and the replication of effective strategies in research and practice, briefly overviews the state of evidence for strategies, and suggests ways in which they can be carefully developed and applied to address the needs of specific contexts. The chapter concludes by presenting several research priorities related to implementation strategies.
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Paraskeva, Nicole, Alex Clarke i Diana Harcourt. Altered Appearance from Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190655617.003.0007.
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Abstract: This chapter delineates various appearance alterations that can result from cancer and its treatment. It focuses on describing the impact of appearance changes involving weight, scarring from surgery, alopecia, ascites, and lymphedema. It also examines the influence of patient-related factors (i.e., gender, age) and treatment-related factors on appearance-related distress. Various models of adjustment to alterations in appearance are presented with particular attention to predisposing factors, intervening cognitive processes, and measurable outcomes identified by large-scale research studies conducted by the Appearance Research Collaboration. Finally, the chapter identifies gaps in knowledge and directions for future research needed to advance the understanding of an individual’s experiences of living with an altered appearance due to cancer.