Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Sargam 2012”

O texto apresenta relação entre estágio, pesquisa e geometria na educação infantil. Resulta de pesquisa qualitativa sobre (de)composição de figuras geométricas com turma de educação infantil em semi-internato, durante estágio de um curso de pedagogia de universidade pública sergipana. Como suporte teórico temos: Clements e Sarama (2011), Lorenzato (2010), Mendes e Delgado (2008), Pimenta e Lima (2012), Horn (2016), Smole (2014) e Vygotsky (2001). Ressaltamos que crianças possuem conhecimentos de figuras geométricas, ainda que restritos aos protótipos visuais vivenciados. Tais conhecimentos podem ser problematizados com atividades de (de)composição de figuras para desenvolvimento de habilidades espaciais, mas há necessidade de aprofundamento de conhecimento docente de geometria. Concluímos que a articulação estágio/pesquisa/geometria contribui para formação inicial de professores de educação infantil ao possibilitar conhecimentos teóricos e práticos no campo da geometria para crianças.

Based on natural language use, we examine the contextual environment of some negative constructions (e.g., Punctuality is not her forte/best attribute). Previous findings show that, as predicted by the view of default nonliteral interpretations, such negative constructions are interpreted nonliterally by default: (a) when presented in isolation, they are interpreted sarcastically and rated as sarcastic compared to affirmative counterparts; (b) when embedded in equally strongly biasing contexts, they are processed faster in sarcastically than in literally biasing contexts (Giora et al., 2013; Giora, Drucker et al., 2014). Here we test a third prediction that, unlike affirmative sarcasm, (c) such negative utterances will convey a sarcastic interpretation and their natural environment will echo their nonsalient (sarcastic) interpretation rather than their salience-based (literal) interpretation (Giora et al., 2010, 2013). Findings from 2 corpus-based studies of (Hebrew and English) negative constructions lend usage-based support to the view of default nonliteral interpretations (Giora et al., 2010, 2013; Giora, Drucker et al., 2014). They show that when occurring in natural discourses, such utterances communicate sarcasm significantly more often than their alternative affirmatives. Their neighboring utterances further reflect their nonsalient sarcastic interpretation rather than their salience-based nonsarcastic interpretation.

مشاهد من المقاصد، عبد الله بن الشيخ المحفوظ بن بيه، الرياض: دار التجديد، ط2، 2012م، 215 صفحة. مقاصد المقاصد: الغايات العلمية والعملية لمقاصد الشريعة، أحمد الريسوني، بيروت: الشبكة العربية للأبحاث والنشر، 2013م، 176 صفحة. تكوين ملكة المقاصد: دراسة نظرية لتكوين العقل المقاصدي، يوسف بن عبد الله حميتو، الرياض: مركز نماء للبحوث والدراسات، 2013م، 160 صفحة. الخطاب المقاصدي المعاصر: مراجعة وتقويم، الحسان شهيد، الرياض: مركز نماء للبحوث والدراسات، 2013م، 254 صفحة. المقاصد التربوية للعبادات في الفرد: روحياً وأخلاقياً وعقلياً وبدنياً، صلاح الدين سلطان، القاهرة: نهضة مصر، 2013م، 232 صفحة. الأسرة في مقاصد الشريعة: قراءة في قضايا الزواج والطلاق في أمريكا، زينب العلواني، هيرندن: المعهد العالمي للفكر الإسلامي، 2012م، 383 صفحة. الاجتهاد المقاصدي: من التصور الأصولي إلى التنزيل العملي، جاسر عودة، بيروت: الشبكة العربية للأبحاث والنشر، 2013م، 176 صفحة. موسوعة المعجم المفهرس لألفاظ الحديث النبوي الشريف للكتب الستة ومعه شرح غريب الحديث لابن الأثير، (21 مجلداً)، ترجمة وتحقيق: خليل مأمون شيحا، بيروت: دار المعرفة للطباعة والنشر، 2013م، 16130 صفحة. استدلال الأصوليين باللغة العربية؛ دراسة تأصيلية تطبيقية، ماجد بن عبد الله الجوير، الرياض: دار كنوز إشبيليا للنشر، 2011م، 752 صفحة. الاحتمالاتاللغوية المـُخِلّة بالقطع وتعارضها عند الأصوليين، كيان أحمد حازم يحيى، بيروت: دار المدار الإسلامي، ط1، 2013م، 680 صفحة. الإيجاز وبلاغة الإشارَة في البيان النبويّ، عبد الرحمن بودرع، تطوان: مطابع الخليج العربي، ط1، 2009م، 220 صفحة. A New Anthropology of Islam. John R. Bowen, Cambridge University Press, 2012, 230 pages Divine Love: Islamic Literature and the Path to God, William C. Chittick, Yale University Press (June 10, 2013), 520 pages Letting Islam Be Islam: Separating Truth From Myth, Stephen M. Kirby, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (October 2, 2012), 402 pages Communicating the Word: Revelation, Translation, and Interpretation in Christianity and Islam, David Marshall, Georgetown University Press (November 17, 2011), 208 pages. An Introduction to Al-Islam and Islamic Law, Dr. Muhamad Mugraby, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (February 25, 2013), 262 pages The Muslim Book of Why: What Everyone Should Know about Islam, Warithudeen Umar, iUniverse (January 15, 2013), 306 pages. The Story of the Qur'an: Its History and Place in Muslim Life, Ingrid Mattson, Wiley-Blackwell; 2 edition (February 18, 2013), 312 pages. Sense and Sensibility in Islam: Linguistics, Context and Rationality, Abdul Elah Nazer, Xlibris, Corp. (April 27, 2012), 816 pages. Reading the Qur'an: The Contemporary Relevance of the Sacred Text of Islam, Ziauddin Sardar, Oxford University Press, USA (August 30, 2011), 432 pages. للحصول على كامل المقالة مجانا يرجى النّقر على ملف ال PDF في اعلى يمين الصفحة.

Energy audit of Sardar Patel College was carried out in 2012-2013. Energy audit of the college revealed that annual electricity consumption was 93,984 units at a total cost of Rs 8,28,248/- (US$ 15059) with an average of Rs 8.66 (US$ 0.15) per unit. The per capita energy expenditure on a student comes out to be Rs 127.42/- (US$ 2.31) per annum, while including teaching and non-teaching faculty members it was Rs 121.80/- (US$ 2.21) per annum. To reduce the electricity consumption in the college various measures were suggested such as use of energy efficient appliances, task lighting, peak shaving and good housekeeping measures. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i3.11062 International Journal of Environment Vol.3(3) 2014: 36-49

Sarcastic is considered a new world in parallel with natural change (Frank Burton, 2009). The sarcastic style was regarded as a sharp satire language so as to anger somebody (Toplak & Camp, 2011). However, this sarcastic language can be understood differently depending on the culture itself (Grice, 1975). Hence, the objective of this study is to identify perceptions, and the use of language sarcasm through dialogs adapted by Bowes & Katz (2011). This study has been using quantitative approaches. A research instrument, a questionnaire developed by Joel Mounts (2012) was applied in this study. In this study, respondents are 50 students comprising final year students in the Management Diploma in Private Higher Education Institutions. The results of the data analysis found that sarcastic language is not necessarily being delivered in aggressive form but also subtly. However, the use of sarcasm language can be effecting the negative emotions among teenagers.

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in patients visiting the outpatient department of Sardar Begum Dental Hospital, Peshawar. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on dental patients attending the OPD of Sardar Begum Dental College (Hospital), Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan. The study included 236 patients, who attended the outpatient department (OPD), Sardar Begum Dental College (Hospital), Gandhara University, Peshawar for their dental problems from November 2012 to April 2013. The presence or absence of torus palatinus (TP) and torus mandibularis (TM) were examined by clinical inspection and palpation. Results: The frequency of TP and TM in the current study was 12 (5.10%) and 13 (5.50%), respectively. Both TP and TM were found only in 03 (1.30%). TM was found in 07 males and 06 females, respectively. Whereas 05 male and 07 females respectively. Conclusion: This study indicated that the prevalence of TP and TM in Peshawar was 5.10% and 5.50% respectively in our population. Results showed a significant relationship between the occurrences of tori with gender.

AbstractSpeakers signal sarcastic intent in a variety of ways, including the words they use and the tone of voice they employ. In this paper, we investigate whether facial cues are also used to indicate sarcastic intent. Participants were audio- and videotaped as they engaged in tasks designed to elicit sarcasm. In order to assess how facial cues differed in terms of common ground, participant pairs were divided into pairs of friends and strangers. We provide evidence that sarcasm is also signaled by a variety of facial cues, such as movement of the head, eyes, and mouth, and these cues are more commonly employed by friends than by strangers.

Sarcasm is the crudest style of the syndicate language, and its delivery always shows something that is not pleasant to hear. The intent of the research is to discover types of sarcasm from netizens on Twitter during American Election 2020. The data consist of sentences, phrases, and words that contain sarcasm. The researcher uses sarcasm theory of Camp (2011) that secluded into 4 types they are Propositional Sarcasm, Lexical Sarcasm, Like-Prefixed Sarcasm, and Illocutionary Sarcasm to define depicted of sarcasm that used by netizens on Twitter. After analyzing sarcasm on Twitter, the researcher found an amount types of sarcasm they are 22 tweets contain proporsitional sarcasm, 13 tweets contain lexical sarcasm, 5 tweets contain like-prefixed sarcasm, and 10 tweets contain illocutionary. Proporsitional sarcasm becomes dominant type that found out in this research.

<div><p><em>Flowering calendar of a particular area will give the information of the period and duration of flowering among plants. The purpose of the study is to investigate the presence of the habitat of some dominant macrophytes in Keibul Lamjao National Park (a Ramsar site) which have ethnobotanical relationships with human beings (the lake dwellers in particular and tourist in general) and wild animals. Flowering calendar of six study sites viz., Keibul, Nongmaikhong, Kumbi, Khordak, Sargam and Toyaching were studied and monthly flowering calendars were taken for two year period (2010 to 2011). Flowering calendars of the macrophytes were surveyed by following standard methodologies and comparison of the stages of flowering period of 6 study sites was incorporated. Maximum number of flowering plants (44) was recorded in Sargam, Khordak (32), Kumbi (30), Nongmaikhong (29) during the period September to November. Whereas, Toyaching reached 35, Keibul recorded lowest plant numbers (14) during the period June to August. Four plant species viz., Ageratum conyzoides, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Leersia hexandra and Hedychium coronarium were found throughout the year in all the 6 sites. From the findings, it can be concluded that flowering calendar will give the information of plants which are used as fodder for the wild animals like Sangai (Rucervus eldii eldii McClelland), an endangered deer species in this globe and ethnobotanically important plants of the lake dwellers as food, medicinal plants and allergens, thereby maintaining health status of man and animals. Conservation is required by controlling the human anthropogenic harassments, thereby maintaining the luxuriant growth of the seasonal and perennial, macrophytes observed during the study of flowering calendar, so as to maintain and conserve the natural flora and fauna of the park.</em></p></div>

Recently, there has been apprehension in the society about expressing ideas, particularly on political concerns. As a result, public figures such as comedians tend to use sarcasm as their primary weapon in exposing political leaders' weakness, incompetence, or corrupt behavior, as well as government officials' actions. The goal of this research is to look at the form, meaning, and function of sarcasm on the TikTok account @Podcastkeseaje. All of the utterances said by the narrator or speakers in the video recording from the TikTok account @podcastkeselaje are used as data sources in this study. Indirect observation was used to obtain data, which was then followed by recording and note-taking techniques. The data were examined using Camp's (2012) theory for the form of sarcasm, Chaer's (2009) theory for the meaning of sarcasm, and Chaer's (2009) theory for the meaning of sarcasm.

This research is a sarcasm on Twitter social media. The purpose of this study is to describe the form of sarcasm on Twitter social media and to describe the implications of learning Indonesian in high school. The approach used in this research is to use a qualitative approach, the method used is the equivalent method. The data is obtained by reading the social media account comments column @ fadlizon then recording words and sentences containing the style of sarcasm and analyzed. The results of this study use the Elizabeth Camp theory there are 4 types of sarcasm, namely designation sarcasm, lexical sarcasm, sarcasm and illocutionary sarcasm by finding 24 data and then implicated in Indonesian language learning in high school class X semester II curriculum 2013. Keywords: Sarcasm, twitter, Indonesian language learning.

South Korea has been actively engaging with «overseas Koreans» since the 1990s. Diaspora policy is part of the country’s foreign policy and is managed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which has a coordinating committee, and the Overseas Koreans Foundation, which implements the policy. Relations with the Korean diaspora are regulated by the «Overseas Koreans Act» and the «Overseas Koreans Foundation Act».They define the policy’s purpose and the legal status of overseas Korean. It is defined by the concept of «overseas Korean - chaeoedongp’o» which includes South Koreans living abroad as well as the Korean diaspora. This article examines the diaspora policy of the Republic of Korea towards the Koryo Saram - Koreans of the CIS countries. The focus is on their legal status. An analysis of the legal framework shows that, until 2004, the Koryo Saram, like Koreans living in China, were not legally recognized as overseas Koreans. The situation changed in 2004 when the definition of overseas Koreans was modified. South Korea’s diaspora policy towards CIS Koreans is being developed through the Koryo Saram Support Programme. Subsequently, in 2010, the Koryo Saram Act was passed, and in 2019 another change in the regulations takes place, according to which all generations of Koryo Saram descendants begin to be considered foreign Koreans, not just up to the 3rd generation as previously claimed.

Unlike their English-speaking counterparts, Japanese children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (HFASDs) perform as well as typically developing (TD) children in comprehending metaphor, despite lacking 1st order theory of mind (ToM) reasoning. Additionally, although Japanese sarcasm and “indirect reproach” appear theoretically to need 2nd order ToM reasoning, HFASD children without this comprehended these forms of language as well as TD children. To attempt to explain this contradiction, we asked college freshmen to evaluate the strangeness (unconventionality) of these types of figurative language. We aimed to test the hypothesis that metaphor, sarcasm, and “indirect reproach” might be evaluated as more conventional than irony, which children with HFASDs do not comprehend as well as those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The results for irony, metaphor, and “indirect reproach” supported the hypothesis, while those for sarcasm did not. Sarcasm is comprehended by HFASDs children as well as by TD children despite being evaluated as highly unconventional. This contradiction is discussed from a self-in-relation-to-other perspective. We postulate that a new explanation of disabilities of figurative language comprehension in children with HFASDs is needed instead of relying on a single cognitive process.

Most of Indonesian politicians used internet and social media for campaign. The phenomena of twitwar, counter attack tweet, and black campaign using ironical and sarcasm words were massively appearing during presidential election which has been held in July 2014. The black campaign which was appearing pointed to represent characters of an actor or a candidate of president. This study is aimed to answer what topics written by cyber activists and politicians during January to April 2014, to find the discourse politics in representing the actors, and also to map the democratic action during campaign period in the twitter. The subjects of this study were twitter accounts of @Fadjroel, @PartaiSocMed, and @TrioMacan2000. The critical discourse analysis within critical linguistics approach by Theu Van Leeuwen was used to analyze the marginalization and the discourse politics. Theory of cyber culture, cyber sphere, and democratic in cyber space were used to be frameworks. The result tells that the sarcasm and ironical words were used to be discourse poltics in representing the actors. The ironical and sarcasm words were used as democratic form in social media which made youth as target readers considering youth were the most active users.

Sarcasm is one of the problem that affect the result of sentiment analysis. According to Maynard and Greenwood (2014), performance of sentiment analysis can be improved when sarcasm also identified. Some research used Naïve Bayes and Random Forest method on sentiment analysis process. On Salles, dkk (2018) research, in some cases Random Forest outperform the performance by Support Vector Machine that known as a superior method. In this research, we did sentiment analysis on comment section on Instagram account of Indonesian politician. This research compare the accuracy of sentiment analysis with sarcasm detection and analysis sentiment without sarcasm detection, sentiment analysis with Naïve Bayes and Random Forest method then Random Forest for sarcasm detection. This research resulted in accuracy value in sentiment analysis without sarcasm detection with Naïve Bayes 61%, with Random Forest method 72%. Accuracy on sentiment analysis with sarcasm detection using Naïve Bayes – Random Forest method is 60% and using Random Forest – Random Forest method is 71%.

Purpose Sarcasm is often used in everyday speech and writing and is prevalent in online contexts. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the analogy between sarcasm comments from sentiment tools and the human coder. Design/methodology/approach Using the Verbal Irony Procedure, eight human coders were engaged to analyse comments collected from an online commercial page, and a dissimilarity analysis was conducted with sentiment tools. Three constants were tested, namely, polarity from sentiment tools, polarity rating by human coders; and sarcasm-level ratings by human coders. Findings Results found an inconsistent ratio between these three constants. Sentiment tools used did not have the capability or reliability to detect the subtle, contextualized meanings of sarcasm statements that human coders could detect. Further research is required to refine the sentiment tools to enhance their sensitivity and capability. Practical implications With these findings, it is recommended that further research and commercialization efforts be directed at improving current sentiment tools – for example, to incorporate sophisticated human sarcasm texts in their analytical systems. Sarcasm exists frequently in media, politics and human forms of communications in society. Therefore, more highly sophisticated sentiment tools with the abilities to detect human sarcasm would be vital in research and industry. Social implications The findings suggest that presently, of the sentiment tools investigated, most are still unable to pick up subtle contexts within the text which can reverse or change the message that the writer intends to send to his/her receiver. Hence, the use of the relevant hashtags (e.g. #sarcasm; #irony) are of fundamental importance in detection tools. This would aid the evaluation of product reviews online for commercial usage. Originality/value The value of this study lies in its original, empirical findings on the inconsistencies between sentiment tools and human coders in sarcasm detection. The current study proves these inconsistencies are detected between human and sentiment tools in social media texts and points to the inadequacies of current sentiment tools. With these findings, it is recommended that further research and commercialization efforts be directed at improving current sentiment tools – to incorporate sophisticated human sarcasm texts in their analytical systems. The system can then be used as a reference for psychologists, media analysts, researchers and speech writers to detect cues in the inconsistencies in behaviour and language.

Sarcasm is one of the strategies that people use to attack the listener indirectly or in a way that seems to be kind on the surface. There is a shady relation between sarcasm and irony. Accordingly, this study sets the following aims which are identifying the most frequent type of speech acts that is used to convey the sarcastic meaning; knowing the conversational maxim that is breached by the sarcast to express sarcasm; shading light on the type of politeness maxim that is violated in the sarcastic messages; specifying the social functions of sarcasm in political texts; and revealing the linguistic mechanisms that are employed to reflect sarcasm. The researcher hypothesizes the following: expressives are the most frequent type of speech acts which are used to reflect sarcasm; sarcasm is the result of breaching quality maxim only; the most common violated politeness maxim in sarcasm is tact maxim; sarcasm mainly serves as a social control tool in the political contexts; and metaphor and explicitation are the most frequent mechanisms of sarcasm in political texts. The researcher adopts an eclectic model which consists of Speech Acts Theory of Searle and Vanderveken (1985), Grice's Conversational Implicature (1989), Leech's Politeness Principle (1983-2014), Ducharme's Functions of Sarcasm (1994), and Tabacaru's Linguistic Mechanisms of Sarcasm (2019). By using this model, the researcher finds that the most frequent type of speech acts is assertives, breaching quality maxim is a basic requirement to reflect sarcasm, the approbation maxim is the most violated maxim in the sarcastic texts, the dominant function of sarcasm in political texts is social control, and metaphor is used more frequent in the political context than other mechanisms.

One form of early mathematical recognition is to introduce the concept of geometric shapes. Geometry is an important scientific discipline for present and future life by developing various ways that fit 21st century skills. This study aims to overcome the problem of early mathematical recognition of early childhood on geometry, especially how to recognize geometric forms based on computer learning. A total of 24 children aged 4-5 years in kindergarten has to carrying out 2 research cycles with a total of 5 meetings. Treatment activities in each learning cycle include mentioning, grouping and imitating geometric shapes. There were only 7 children who were able to recognize the geometric shapes in the pre-research cycle (29.2%). 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The talking drawings strategy: Using primary children’s Illustrations and oral language to improve comprehension of expository text. Early Childhood Education Journal, 35(1), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643- 007-0184-5 Putra, L. D., & Ishartiwi. (2015). Pengembangan Multimedia Pembelajaram Interaktif Mengenal Angka dan Huruf untuk Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi Pendidikan, 2(2). Rich, B., & Thomas, C. (2009). Geometry: Includes Plane, Analytic, and Transformational Geometries. . (4th Editio). New York: McGraw-Hill. Rochanah, L. (2016). Pemanfaatan Media Berbasis Komputer Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Huruf pada Anak Usia Dini (Urgensi Media Berbasis Komputer pada Peningkatan Kemampuan Mengenal Huruf ). Jurnal Program Studi PGRA, Volume 2 N, 1–8. Runtukahu, T., & Kandou, S. (2014). Pembelajaran matematika dasar bagi anak berkesulitan belajar. Yogyakarta: Ar-ruzz Media. Santrock, J. W. (2016). Children (Thirteenth). New York: McGraw-Hill Education. 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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study sarcasm in online text – specifically on twitter – to better understand customer opinions about social issues, products, services, etc. This can be immensely helpful in reducing incorrect classification of consumer sentiment toward issues, products and services. Design/methodology/approach In this study, 5,000 tweets were downloaded and analyzed. Relevant features were extracted and supervised learning algorithms were applied to identify the best differentiating features between a sarcastic and non-sarcastic sentence. Findings The results using two different classification algorithms, namely, Naïve Bayes and maximum entropy show that function words and content words together are most effective in identifying sarcasm in tweets. The most differentiating features between a sarcastic and a non-sarcastic tweet were identified. Practical implications Understanding the use of sarcasm in tweets let companies do better sentiment analysis and product recommendations for users. This could help businesses attract new customers and retain the old ones resulting in better customer management. Originality/value This paper uses novel features to identify sarcasm in online text which is one of the most challenging problems in natural language processing. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study on sarcasm detection from a customer management perspective.

The pattern of changes in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) is very important to observe from time to time because it is closely related to economic indicators such as the amount of money in circulation, exchange rates, interest rates, and other economic indicators. This study aims to form a model and predict the Indonesian Consumer Price Index using the SARIMA method. The data used in modeling are monthly CPI data for the period January 2012 to February 2022. The best model for predicting Indonesia's CPI is the SARIMA (0,1,1)(0,1,1)12 model. This study examines the CPI value in January and February 2022 which is not included in the estimation model, the estimation results (108,08 and 108,20) are very close to the actual CPI value issued by the Central Statistics Agency.

Abstract Purpose Ever increasing penetration of the Internet in our lives has led to an enormous amount of multimedia content generation on the internet. Textual data contributes a major share towards data generated on the world wide web. Understanding people’s sentiment is an important aspect of natural language processing, but this opinion can be biased and incorrect, if people use sarcasm while commenting, posting status updates or reviewing any product or a movie. Thus, it is of utmost importance to detect sarcasm correctly and make a correct prediction about the people’s intentions. Design/methodology/approach This study tries to evaluate various machine learning models along with standard and hybrid deep learning models across various standardized datasets. We have performed vectorization of text using word embedding techniques. This has been done to convert the textual data into vectors for analytical purposes. We have used three standardized datasets available in public domain and used three word embeddings i.e Word2Vec, GloVe and fastText to validate the hypothesis. Findings The results were analyzed and conclusions are drawn. The key finding is: the hybrid models that include Bidirectional LongTerm Short Memory (Bi-LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) outperform others conventional machine learning as well as deep learning models across all the datasets considered in this study, making our hypothesis valid. Research limitations Using the data from different sources and customizing the models according to each dataset, slightly decreases the usability of the technique. But, overall this methodology provides effective measures to identify the presence of sarcasm with a minimum average accuracy of 80% or above for one dataset and better than the current baseline results for the other datasets. Practical implications The results provide solid insights for the system developers to integrate this model into real-time analysis of any review or comment posted in the public domain. This study has various other practical implications for businesses that depend on user ratings and public opinions. This study also provides a launching platform for various researchers to work on the problem of sarcasm identification in textual data. Originality/value This is a first of its kind study, to provide us the difference between conventional and the hybrid methods of prediction of sarcasm in textual data. The study also provides possible indicators that hybrid models are better when applied to textual data for analysis of sarcasm.

This research aimed to map the quality curriculum used of kindergartens in Jakarta. The mapping curriculum was done by looking at the suitability curriculum with the stages of child development, needs of children, using the child-centered learning process, and taking ad-vantage of technological development. Subjects were 32 kindergarten institutions in Jakarta (North Jakarta and Jakarta Central), from 14 districts. Kindergarten institutions selected by representing every district. In collecting data, the researchers conducted an analysis content of curriculum and interview with respondents and informants in kindergarten institutions ei-ther principals or teachers in schools who selected as samples. The research team conducted a meeting to gather information that recorded as a result of observation and described in-depth interviews in the diary of researchers — the data collected from 16 kindergartens that are willing to research subject. The data consisted of curriculum documents, curriculum evaluation instruments and interviews’ result that analyzed qualitatively from the beginning of the data collection process including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Keyword: Content, Curriculum, Evaluation, Kindergarten References Burchinal, M. (2018). Measuring Early Care and Education Quality. Child Development Perspectives, 12(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12260 Dhieni, N., & Utami, A. D. (2013). Evaluasi Konten Kurikulum Taman Kanak-Kanak di DKI Jakarta Tahun ke 1 dari rencana 3 tahun. Jakarta: FIP press. Dodge, D. T. (2004). Early Childhood Curriculum Models Why What and How Programs Use them. Exchange Organizational Behavior Teaching Journal, (February), 71–75. Eliason, C., & Jenkins, L. (2008). A Practical Guide to Early Childhood Curriculum 8th. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Fox-turnbull, W. (2007). Implementing Digital Technology in The New Zealand Curriculum. Gestwicki, C. (2007). Developmentally Appropriate Practice Curriculum, and Development in Early Education 3rd Ed. New York: Thomson Delmar. Hainstock, E. G. (2002). Montessori untuk Prasekolah. Jakarta: Pustaka Delapratasa. Hasan, S. H. (2008). Evaluasi Kurikulum. (U. & R. Rosdakarya, Ed.). Bandung. Haslip, M. J., & Gullo, D. F. (2018). The Changing Landscape of Early Childhood Education: Implications for Policy and Practice. Early Childhood Education Journal, 46(3), 249–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-017-0865-7 Jackman, H. L. (2012). Early Education Curriculum: A Child’s Connection to the World Fifth Edition. Belmont: Wadsworth: Cengage Learning. Jacman, H. (2012). Early Education Curriculum. Pedagogical Development Unit, (FEBRUARY 2011), 163. Retrieved from https://www.eursc.eu/Syllabuses/2011-01-D-15-en-4.pdf Kostelnik, M. J., Soderman, A. K., & P, A. (2007). Whiren, Developmentally Appro-priate Curriculum: Best Practices in Early Childhood Education 4th. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Mak, B., Keung, C., & Cheung, A. (2018). Analyzing Curriculum Orientations of Kindergarten Curriculum. In Teacher Education, Learning Innovation and Accountability, (pp. 135–153). Singapore: Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2026-2 Odom, S. L., Butera, G., Diamond, K. E., Hanson, M. J., Horn, E., Lieber, J., … Marquis, J. (2019). Efficacy of a Comprehensive Early Childhood Curriculum to Enhance Children’s Success. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271121419827654 Plowman, L., Stephen, C., & Mcpake, J. (2010). Growing Up with Technology (pp. 1–169). London and New York: Routledge. Roopnarine, J. L., & Johnson, J. E. (2005). Approaches to Early Childhood Education 4th Ed,. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Sarama, J., & Clements, D. H. (2019). From Cognition to Curriculum to Scale. Cognitive Foundations for Improving Mathematical Learning. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815952-1.00006-2 Wood, E., & Hedges, H. (2016). Curriculum in early childhood education: critical questions about content, coherence, and control. Curriculum Journal, 27(3), 387–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585176.2015.1129981 Yang, W., & Li, H. (2019). Changing culture, changing curriculum: a case study of early childhood curriculum innovations in two Chinese kindergartens. Curriculum Journal, 0(0), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585176.2019.1568269

Sarcasm is an integral part of human language and culture. Naturally, it has garnered great interest from researchers from varied fields of study, including Artificial Intelligence, especially Natural Language Processing. Automatic sarcasm detection has become an increasingly popular topic in the past decade. The research conducted in this paper presents, through a systematic literature review, the evolution of the automatic sarcasm detection task from its inception in 2010 to the present day. No such work has been conducted thus far and it is essential to establish the progress that researchers have made when tackling this task and, moving forward, what the trends are. This study finds that multi-modal approaches and transformer-based architectures have become increasingly popular in recent years. Additionally, this paper presents a critique of the work carried out so far and proposes future directions of research in the field.

The current paper is devoted to the analysis of sarcasm as a breach of principles of politeness. The aim of the paper is to elicit the peculiarities of sarcasm as an exception to the Politeness Principle suggested by G. Leech (2014) and its conversational function incorporated into the Irony Principle as mock politeness. The Politeness Principle demonstrates that sarcasm is apparently its exploitation as in the case of sarcastic utterances the illocutionary goal opposes the social goal thus providing breach in the model of politeness. The Irony Principle illustrates an explanation of polite utterances appearing as impolite arguing that polite interpretations of such utterances are unsustainable. To support the theory certain examples are analyzed retrieved from an American Depression-era author John Dos Passos’s novel “1919”. As a matter of fact, the debate is around the question whether sarcasm is an apparent exploitation of polite implicature of utterances or it is a category of impoliteness appearing as mock politeness.

AbstractRecognition of sarcastic statements has been a challenge in the process of sentiment analysis. A sarcastic sentence contains only positive words conveying a negative sentiment. Therefore, it is tough for any automated machine to identify the exact sentiment of the text in the presence of sarcasm. The existing systems for sarcastic sentiment detection are limited to the text scripted in English. Nowadays, researchers have shown greater interest in low resourced languages such as Hindi, Telugu, Tamil, Arabic, Chinese, Dutch, Indonesian, etc. To analyse these low resource languages, the biggest challenge is the lack of available resources, especially in the context of Indian languages. Indian languages are very rich in morphology which pose a greater challenge for the automated machines. Telugu is one of the most popular languages after Hindi among Indian languages. In this article, we have collected and annotated a corpus of Telugu conversation sentences in the form of a question followed by a reply for sarcasm detection. Further, a set of algorithms are proposed for the analysis of sarcasm in the corpus of Telugu conversation sentences. The proposed algorithms are based on hyperbolic features namely, Interjection, Intensifier, Question mark and Exclamation symbol. The achieved accuracy is 94%.

AbstractThis article discusses the use of extended techniques by Luciano Berio (1925–2003), focusing on his Sequenza XIV, for cello, finished in 2002. Our analysis attempts to demonstrate how Berio uses new ways of playing the instrument to create a kind of polyphony. The article references a large number of writings by Berio himself, including sketches, drafts and early manuscripts of Sequenza XIV, including exchanges between the composer and Rohan de Saram, for whom he wrote the piece.

In this article, I describe the xtdpdqml command for the quasi–maximum likelihood estimation of linear dynamic panel-data models when the time horizon is short and the number of cross-sectional units is large. Based on the theoretical groundwork by Bhargava and Sargan (1983, Econometrica 51: 1635–1659) and Hsiao, Pesaran, and Tahmiscioglu (2002, Journal of Econometrics 109: 107–150), the marginal distribution of the initial observations is modeled as a function of the observed variables to circumvent a short- T dynamic panel-data bias. Both random-effects and fixed-effects versions are available.

The article is devoted to one of the most ancient historical and archaeological monuments of Central Asia - the Sarazm settlement, which is located on the bank of the Zeravshan river in the Penjikent district of the Sughd region of the Republic of Tajikistan. The author reports that the Sarazm settlement was first discovered in 1976 by A.I. Isakov and since then it has been the subject to close interest of Tajik, Russian, French archaeologists. Within the course of their work, such important characteristics of Sarazm as the initial size of the settlement, its chronology, the evolution of the economy of the Sarazmians, and others were established. In particular, there are four periods in the Sarazmian history: 3500–3200 BC, 3200–2900 BC, 2900–2700 BC and 2700–2000 BC. The high days of the settlement came in the period of the Late Paleolithic and Early Bronze Age. The Sarazm population was engaged in agriculture and livestock breeding, the crafts of the Sarazmians were at a high level, as evidenced by the finding of well-preserved buildings (palatial , religious, residential), tools and jewelry. The author also emphasizes that the Sarazm settlement was one of the main metallurgical centers of the region, which used its own raw materials (due to the rich resource potential of the mountains in the upper reaches of the Zeravshan River) and had steady contacts with the ancient population of Iran, Baluchistan, Afghanistan, India and others. The uniqueness of the historical and archaeological site of Sarazm and its significance for world history and culture were confirmed in 2010, when Sarazm was included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

В 2011–2021 годах в условиях Среднего Урала в селекционных питомниках посева 2011 и 2015 годов проводили селекционную оценку сортов и гибридов люцерны изменчивой (Medicago varia Mart.). В питомнике посева 2011 года проводили оценку семенной продуктивности 42 сортообразцов люцерны собственной селекции, стандарт — сорт Уралочка. В среднем за 6 лет испытаний урожайность семян у селекционных номеров изменялась в пределах 103,0–180,1 г/10 м2, превышение над стандартом составило 4,3–36,8%. Достоверно превысили стандарт Vela × Находка (м) (+16,9%); Уралочка (м) (+24,1%); Vela × Сарга (м) (+36,8%). В селекционном питомнике посева 2011 года провели отборы и сформировали по окраске венчика три сложногибридных популяции: синюю, жёлтую и пёструю. Селекционный питомник с новыми формами был заложен в 2015 году. Сбор сухого вещества у образцов в среднем за 5 лет составил 1,90–3,72 т/га, достоверно превысили стандарт (сорт Сарга) сорт Виктория (+13%) и гибрид Vela × Находка (с) (+24,0%). Сбор сырого протеина в среднем за 5 лет составил 370,4–713,4 кг/га, достоверно превысили стандарт Виктория и Vela × Находка (с) — на 9,6 и 21,3% соответственно. Урожайность семян в среднем за 6 лет изменялась от 55,9 до 118 г/10 м2. Достоверное превышение над стандартом отмечено: у Виктории — на 48,1%, СГП -1 (ж) на —54,0%, 192-92 (м) — на 25,0%, 30-1 (ч) — на 26,0%, Vela × Сарга (м) — на 34,0%, Vela × Находка (с) — на 39,0%, СГП-3 (с) — на 38,0%. Максимальным сбором сухого вещества и сырого протеина при высокой семенной продуктивности характеризовались образцы Виктория и Vela × Находка (с), превзошедшие стандарт на 13,0 и 24,0%; 9,6 и 21,3%; 48,1 и 39,0% соответственно. Varieties and hybrids of bastard alfalfa (Medicago varia Mart.) were analyzed in breeding nurseries in the Middle Urals in 2011–2021. In the nursery of 2011 seed productivity of 42 genotypes of local selection were studied in comparison to the standard variety. For 6 years their productivities varied within 103.0–180.1 g/10 m2, exceeding the standard by 4.3–36.8%. Vela × Nakhodka exceeded the standard by 16.9%; Uralochka — by 24.1%; Vela × Sarga — by 36.8%. In the nursery of 2011 three complex-hybrid populations were formed according to their corolla colour: the blue, yellow and particolored ones. In 2015 a breeding nursery with new forms were organized. For 5 years they yielded 1.90–3.72 t ha-1 of dry matter (DM). Viktoriya and Vela × Nakhodka significantly exceeded the standard (Sarga) in DM by 13.0 and 24.0%, respectively. The yield of crude protein varied within 370.4–713.4 t ha-1 for 5 years. Viktoriya and Vela × Nakhodka showed the increases in crude protein of 9.6 and 21.3%, respectively. Seed production varied from 55.9 to 118.0 g/10 m2 for 6 years. The following genotypes significantly exceeded the standard in seed yield: Viktoriya — by 48.1%, SGP-1 — by 54.0%, 192-92 — by 25.0%, 30-1 — by 26.0%, Vela × Sarga — by 34.0%, Vela × Nakhodka — by 39.0%, SGP-3 — by 38.0%. Such genotypes as Viktoriya and Vela × Nakhodka provided the maximal yields of DM and crude protein under high seed productivity, exceeding the standard by 13.0 and 24.0%; 9.6 and 21.3%; 48.1 and 39.0%, respectively.