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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Samurai – conduct of life”

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Data publikacji: 29 lipca 2024

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1

Strelnikov, I. A., i E. V. Minakova. "THE BUSHIDO CODE: HISTORY AND MODERNITY". Vestnik of Khabarovsk State University of Economics and Law, nr 2(112) (31.05.2023): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/2618-9526-2023-2-185-191.

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The article examines the historical and modern interpretation of the Japanese code of "Bushido", "The Way of the warrior", as the basic principles of morality and rules of conduct of warriors in life and society since about the X century. The penetration of the foundations of "Bushido" into the broad strata of society with the advent of the Edo era (1603-1867), gave it the character of national morality and equated it with the state ideology. An assessment is given of the transformation of the principles of "Bushido" into "Heimindo", "The Way of the commoner", in the XX century, an attempt to "elevate commoners to the status of samurai", preserving the ideals of loyalty, benevolence and justice in society. The preservation of the principles of "Bushido" in the Japanese national culture in the era of globalization is substantiated.

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HORVAT, Andrew. "Bushidō and the Legacy of “Samurai Values” in Contemporary Japan". Asian Studies 6, nr 2 (29.06.2018): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2018.6.2.189-208.

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Though difficult to define as a clear set of moral precepts, aspects of so-called “samurai values”, the combination of orally-transmitted Confucian and Buddhist lore to which Nitobe Inazō refers in his Bushido, can clearly be discerned in Japanese society today. As evidence for the influence of “samurai values”, I have provided examples from two fields with which I am personally familiar: journalism and education. Although in recent years several academic works have exposed historical anomalies in widely-held beliefs about actual samurai behaviour, I argue that the effectiveness of ideologies does not depend on historical accuracy. For example, justification for the right of newspapers to criticise governments in Japan does not stem from inalienable rights originating with European Enlightenment philosophers. Instead, it is linked to the view that the former samurai who in the 1870s became Japan’s first news reporters could be trusted intermediaries between the government and the people, because as samurai they possessed higher standards of morality. That expectations of superior moral conduct continue to justify in the eyes of the general public the right of newspapers to speak truth to power can be seen by mass cancellations of subscriptions of newspapers whose staff betray these expectations through involvement in scandal. Likewise, the emphasis on “character building” (jinkaku keisei) in Japanese higher education is another link to perceived “samurai values.” Some of Japan’s leading private universities were founded in the late nineteenth century by former samurai. As in the case of journalism, the maintenance of superior moral conduct helps strengthen the claim to legitimacy of educational institutions in Japan. Finally, I will present a picture of Nitobe as an example of a former samurai who long after his passing continues to be revered for having adhered to the “samurai values” he both defined and embraced.

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3

Mustofa, Ali. "Ethnocentrism in Edward Zwick’s The Last Samurai Movie: Postcolonial Perspective". Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya 11, nr 2 (30.12.2021): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/lensa.11.2.2021.206-216.

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This research focuses on ethnocentrism in Edward Zwick’s The Last Samurai. It is intended to identify how ethnocentrism is depicted and reflected in the life of samurai in the movie The Last Samurai. The ethnocentrism theory by William G. Sumner will be used to analyze the movie. The data were obtained by watching the film, reading the movie script and cinematographic elements, identifying data based on the topic of study, and categorizing the data with respect to the theoretical framework. Based on the analysis, the findings show that there are three aspects of ethnocentrism; first, loyal to in-group norms; second, express in-group pride; third, judge and underestimate the out-group. These three features of ethnocentrism create a deep perception in their dominant culture to others.

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4

Sudarsih, Sri. "NILAI PATRIOTIK DALAM AJARAN BUSHIDO DI JEPANG". KIRYOKU 2, nr 4 (4.12.2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kiryoku.v2i4.38-42.

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Bushido as a moral teaching contains the principles of virtue to form the soul of a knight. A typical Japanese knight is a Samurai. The moral teaching is inherited verbally from generation to generation until now. Japanese people practice these teachings seriously into everyday life. They live every principle with full sincerity, honesty, and wholeheartedly to form a patriotic soul. The principles of teaching are formulated in writing into seven principles that are inseparable from one another. Because every principle underlies and animates other principles. A Samurai cannot abandon one principle of teaching because if he abandons one principle the quality of a samurai will disappear so that he does not have a patriotic soul. Therefore, Bushido is able to form a patriot who is always superior.

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5

Bernstein, Gail Lee, Yamakawa Kikue i Kate Wildman Nakai. "Women of the Mito Domain: Recollections of Samurai Family Life." Monumenta Nipponica 47, nr 3 (1992): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2385116.

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Walthall, Anne, Yamakawa Kikue i Kate Wildman Nakai. "Women of the Mito Domain: Recollections of Samurai Family Life." Pacific Affairs 66, nr 4 (1993): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2760703.

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Neal, Anita S. "Samurai Wasp Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Scelionidae: Telenominae)". EDIS 2017, nr 1 (7.02.2017): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-in1156-2016.

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Includes: Introduction - Distribution - Description and Life Cycle - Hosts - Selected References Also published on the Featured Creatures website at http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/beneficial/wasps/Trissolcus_japonicus.htm

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8

Ballhatchet, Helen. "Confucianism and Christianity in Meiji Japan: the case of Kozaki Hiromichi". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 120, nr 2 (kwiecień 1988): 349–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035869x00141620.

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The path followed by Protestant Christianity in Meiji Japan (1868–1912) has frequently been viewed as an index to the general process of Japanese development up to World War II. The beginnings seemed promising. According to the accepted picture, the early converts included a significant number of young ex-samurai whose clan had not supported the winning side in the Meiji Restoration. The new regime dismantled the feudal order which had given their lives purpose and meaning, and they felt alienated and rejected as a result. They first came into contact with Christianity from a desire to study Western learning and thus make a new start in life; they were indifferent, or even hostile, to the Western religion itself. The early missionaries and foreign teachers who led them to Christianity in spite of such initial attitudes seem to have been, if not men with actual military experience, people of strong personality and puritanical ideals. Matching samurai stereotypes of courage and single-minded determination as they therefore did, they attracted the admiration and loyalty of their lordless pupils, who pledged themselves, through their teachers, to Christ. Conversion was often accompanied by the discovery of a new purpose in life, the task of spreading the new religion. This was a restatement of the samurai obligation to set a spiritual example to others, and also represented a patriotic mission to save the nation both morally and materially, through providing the proper basis for the adoption of Western civilization.

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9

Moore, John. "Cameron, American Samurai - Myth, Imagination, And The Conduct Of Battle In The First Marine Division, 1941-1951". Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 21, nr 2 (1.09.1996): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.21.2.102-103.

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Craig M. Cameron of the History Department of Old Dominion University has written an interesting, readable, well-researched examination of the First Marine Division during the Second World War, the occupation of northern China, and the Korean War. As a former Marine himself, Cameron brings a unique insight into this study of "the myth and imagination" displayed by the members of the First Marine Division. Indeed, Cameron sees some close similarities between the Japanese samurai and their Marine counterparts. His book explores how a variety of institutional and cultural ideas influenced and continues to influence the Marine Corps.

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10

Bush, Elizabeth. "Samurai Rising: The Epic Life of Minamoto Yoshitsune by Pamela S. Turner". Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 69, nr 7 (2016): 383–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2016.0217.

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11

Wei, W. "Samurai among Panthers: Richard Aoki on Race, Resistance, and a Paradoxical Life". Journal of American History 99, nr 4 (15.02.2013): 1315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jas524.

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12

Bailey, Beth, i Craig M. Cameron. "American Samurai: Myth, Imagination, and the Conduct of Battle in the First Marine Division, 1941-1951." American Historical Review 100, nr 2 (kwiecień 1995): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2169189.

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13

Linenthal, Edward T., i Craig M. Cameron. "American Samurai: Myth, Imagination, and the Conduct of Battle in the First Marine Division, 1941-1951." Journal of American History 82, nr 1 (czerwiec 1995): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2082120.

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14

Gudmundsson, Bruce I., i Craig Cameron. "American Samurai: Myth, Imagination, and the Conduct of Battle in the First Marine Division, 1941-1951." Journal of Military History 59, nr 1 (styczeń 1995): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2944391.

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15

Constantine Vaporis. "The Last Samurai: The Life and Battles of Saigō Takamori (review)". Monumenta Nipponica 64, nr 1 (2009): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mni.0.0069.

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Klens-Bigman, Deborah. "Las mujeres guerreras del teatro kabuki y el legado de las artes marciales femeninas de Japón". Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas 5, nr 2 (12.07.2012): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v5i2.116.

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<p class="AMresumen">The fighting woman character has been a staple of Japan’s kabuki theater almost since its inception. Audiences accepted these characters, especially fighting women of the samurai class, as part of the depiction of Edo period (1603–1868) life. This paper explores several of these characters and suggests that they help form the legacy of women’s practice of martial arts today.</p>

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17

Nunes, Gabriel Pinto. "Uma sucinta exposição da noção de honra no Bushidô de Nitobe". Estudos Japoneses, nr 33 (25.11.2013): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2447-7125.v0i33p22-34.

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The honor understood as a virtue or as axiological invariant is a term that comes human civilization since ages pristine and has an important role in the formation of the modern subject itself. Their existence raises the question of archetypes to explain how a term can be universalized among men in different times and in different historical contexts and with a strong connotation in the act of the subject. In this small article we will expose a possible reading about this term inside the modern ethic Japanese focused in the work Bushido – The Soul of Japan (1900) of Nitobe Inazo (1868-1933), which presents a reinterpretation of the samurai code of conduct aimed at disseminating modern Nipponese values to the international community of the twentieth century.

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18

Ph.d, Nelvitia Purba. "The Malay Community Local Wisdom of Shame Culture in Legal Perspective to Prevent Corruption in North Sumatera". International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 5, nr 7 (9.07.2018): 4864–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v5i7.05.

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Head of North Sumatra High Prosecutor Office stated that in 2016, there was 147 cases of corruption which reached the investigation stage, 72 cases was in ongoing investigation stage, 27 cases was at the stage of prosecution in the police and investigation to prosecutor and 41 cases to be processed and when completed will be delegated to the court. The large number of corruption cases in North Sumatera also made it the second most corrupt province in Indonesia based on the investigation of corruption cases handled by the North Sumatra High Prosecutor. Japan in 2012 was ranked 17th with a score of 74 on a scale of 0 to 100 in the corruption perception index (IPK) based on Transparency International Japan. The soul of samurai has become the most basic value in the context of the famous Japanese culture. The principle of samurai is teaching the values of honesty in life as well as to one self. This is originated from the soul of the samurai which is inherent in the soul of Japanese society. Japan is also known for the culture of shame as one of the prominent elements in raising the nation integrity and dignity to become an excellent nation. This study is an empirical legal research, using primary data and secondary data. The results of the study were analyzed qualitatively. The research found that shame culture of the Malay society is contained in pantun (poetry), poems, phrases and so forth that contain advices and amanah (mandate) to be passed down from generation to generation. The contents are the philosophy of life for the Malay. The contents, among other advice and the mandate include "Obedience to the Law of Shame." The whole advice and the amanah (mandate) are also part of "Tunjuk Ajar" (traditional virtues and teachings) which basically exists in all areas of origin of Puak Melayu in North Sumatra. This can be used as a basis for the prevention of corruption so that this shame culture becomes the foundation in behaving in daily activities.

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19

Barnes, Stephen. "The Conduct of Life". Newsletter of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy 35, nr 106 (2007): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/saap20073510614.

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O’Hara, David. "The Conduct of Life". Newsletter of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy 37, nr 108 (2009): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/saap20093710815.

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Day-Calder, Mandy. "Student life - Professional conduct". Nursing Standard 30, nr 40 (czerwiec 2016): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.30.40.66.s50.

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Lin, Mobai. "Sakamoto Ryoma How Imperial Loyalist Samurai decided to overthrow the Tokugawa Order". Communications in Humanities Research 4, nr 1 (17.05.2023): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/4/20220358.

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This essay is aimed to explore what influenced or contributed to Sakamotos (and others) decision to overthrow the Tokugawa Order. The essay is divided into two parts according to Ryomas life experience, first describing the influence of the Sonno Joi movement, then moving to discuss the impact of western ideology, following a chronological sequence.

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23

Mattiuz, C. F. M., B. H. Mattiuz, J. Pietro i T. J. D. Rodrigues. "EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PULSE TREATMENTS ON VASE LIFE OF INFLORESCENCES OF ONCIDIUM VARICOSUM 'SAMURAI'". Acta Horticulturae, nr 934 (czerwiec 2012): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2012.934.61.

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Dandeker, Christopher. "Book Review: American Samurai: Myth Imagination and the Conduct of Battle in the First Marine Division, 1941–1951". International Journal of Maritime History 9, nr 1 (czerwiec 1997): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387149700900126.

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Pinhey, Thomas K. "Book Review: American Samurai: Myth, Imagination, and the Conduct of Battle In the First Marine Division 1941-1951". Armed Forces & Society 22, nr 1 (październik 1995): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x9502200111.

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Martono, Leonardo Kevin. "Comparing and Contrasting the Samurai Gintoki and Hijikata Personalities from Gintama". K@ta Kita 10, nr 1 (15.03.2022): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/katakita.10.1.58-64.

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The mask or persona will be discussed in the first subchapter. Gintoki and Hijikata both have a mask that they wear to show to other people or society. Gintoki's persona is lazy, childish, and cowardly since his motivation is to live a carefree life, free of obligations, and to project an image that others will not hold high expectations of him. Behind every façade is their genuine personality, which they prefer not to project. The shadow will be discussed in the second subchapter. Their repressed feelings and flaws are contained in the shadow. I will also go through how each character's shadow works. Gintoki's shadow is his guilt about killing his own teacher as a result of being forced to make some difficult decisions. Whereas Hijikata’s shadow is regret of being unable to save his brother. The findings are that a human psyche is complex, and each has his different causes and outcomes.Keywords: samurai, persona, shadow, anima, animus, personality

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27

Putra, Wahyu Pratama, Hamzah A. Machmoed i Harlinah Sahib. "Bushido Culture in Novel “47 Ronin” by John Allyn". ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 5, nr 1 (21.03.2022): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v5i1.20354.

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The research aims at finding out the portrait and implementation of the bushido culture in the novel of 47 Ronin. The research type is library research which applied sociological approach and data were analyzed through qualitative method. The research result shows that the influence of the bushido culture is upheld by the samurai. The novel is based on fact of the Japanese people at the period, the influence of religious values is then channeled into public life, and it is still adhered to today in some aspects of their lives.

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Agathon, Kate. "A Review of “Samurai Among Panthers: Richard Aoki on Race, Resistance, and a Paradoxical Life”". Asian Affairs: An American Review 40, nr 1 (styczeń 2013): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927678.2013.759444.

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MCDOWELL, GARY L. "GILES JACOB'S CONDUCT OF LIFE". Notes and Queries 44, nr 2 (1.06.1997): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/44-2-190.

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MCDOWELL, GARY L. "GILES JACOB'S CONDUCT OF LIFE". Notes and Queries 44, nr 2 (1997): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/44.2.190.

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HORIGUCHI, SATORU, i DINAH JUNG. "Kōdō — Its Spiritual and Game Elements and Its Interrelations with the Japanese Literary Arts". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 23, nr 1 (styczeń 2013): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186313000011.

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In Japan, there are many kinds of dōs. The term has diverse and profound meanings, making it a challenge to define. Simply speaking, dō is a way for people to train the spirit by following specific practices, with the purpose of mastering life. Prominent examples of dōs include chadō / sadō (〔茶道〕 so-called “tea ceremony”), kadō (〔華道〕 so-called “flower arrangement”), shodō (calligraphy), and bushidō (the ethical code of the samurai). There are also sport practices such as jūdō (judo), kendō (kendo) and aikidō (aikido), all of which are also connected with the culture of dō.

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32

Ardianto, Agus, i Eva Solina Gultom. "Bourdieu's Strategy in the Movie "A Bug's Life"". ELITE: Journal of English Language and Literature 7, nr 1 (9.12.2022): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/elite.v5i1.1582.

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Movies have been a platform to picture every human-related activity. The movie is not a mere depiction but a reflection of social life. The idea is to set movies as a manifestation of social life. A Bug’s Life (1998) is an animated movie directed by John Lasseter that follows the storyline of Seven Samurai (1954) a movie by Akira Kurosawa. A Bug’s Life is a manifestation of social life, it contains the struggle for power, social dynamics, and oppression. This study aimed to analyze the depiction of the strategy of power by Pierre Bourdieu in A Bug’s Life and focused only on strategy-based practical action. Bourdieu has classified the strategy into two segments, which are the reproduction strategy and the reconversion strategy. The author used three variables to analyze the movie, those are habitus, capital/modal, and field, which determine the agent’s strategy. After conducting the research using Pierre Bourdieu's theory, the author found that a strategy is a tool of struggle, strategy is based on emergence, strategy is made to counter another strategy, and strategy is a manifestation of capital, habitus, and field.

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Kao, Mary Uyematsu. "Samurai Among Panthers: Richard Aoki On Race, Resistance, And A Paradoxical Life. By Diane C. Fujino". Amerasia Journal 38, nr 3 (styczeń 2012): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/amer.38.3.gqg640561136wk0x.

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Kang, Nancy. "Samurai Among Panthers: Richard Aoki on Race, Resistance, and a Paradoxical Life by Diane C Fujino". Callaloo 36, nr 3 (2013): 830–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.2013.0169.

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Hill, B. "Notes on The Conduct of Life". Notes and Queries 56, nr 1 (1.03.2009): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gjn230.

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S, Antapurkar. "Codes of Conduct of Life-Sadvritta". Journal of Natural & Ayurvedic Medicine 5, nr 2 (17.05.2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jonam-16000304.

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Biricheva, Ekaterina V. "ROMAN STOICS AND JAPANESE SAMURAI ON THE EXISTENTIALS OF HUMAN BEING". Вестник Пермского университета. Философия. Психология. Социология, nr 4 (2021): 550–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2021-4-550-560.

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The article represents a comparative study of the positions of the ancient Stoics and medieval samurai on the question «how to be?» in the conditions of blurred landmarks. Such conditions may arise within di-verse socio-cultural contexts and seem to be the features of the contemporary globalization. The experi-ence of comprehending the issue of human self-realization at the turning points of history undoubtedly took place not only in the Western European tradition of the 1st-2nd centuries and in the East Asian tradi-tion of the 16th-17th centuries. Nevertheless, the unite grounds of human being found in these seemingly disparate cultural and historical localities are again relevant today. The purpose of the article is to analyze the conditions of the conceptualization of these ideas by the Roman Stoics and Japanese samurai, and to demonstrate the similarities and differences in their interpretation of fate, freedom, death, struggle, reali-ty, and time. Methodologically, the research is based on the material of the historical-philosophical and existential-hermeneutic analysis of the treatises of Lucius Annei Seneca, Marcus Aurelius Antonin, Yu-zan Daidodzi, Yamamoto Tsunetomo, and Miyamoto Musashi. The main conceptual result may be given in the following idea. Under the conditions of pluralism and groundlessness, a disoriented person seeks for support in him-/herself and realizes the «courage to be» through the ultimate determination to accept reality in its entirety and paradoxicality, including death, unpredictability of fate, and uncertainty of the further development path. The practice of «inner struggle» and non-choice between opposite positions and values appears to provide an escape to the golden mean of «the own», which allows self-realization to the maximum extent possible and gaining of a reliable ground in one’s own way of being for genuine par-ticipation in the «fluid» reality by a free act. The study is novel not only in that it is the first to reveal sim-ilarity of the existential grounds of stoicism and bushido, but also in that it pays attention to the turning periods in history during which, regardless of cultural affiliation, similar life-meaning questions arise. The answers found appear to be essential for a contemporary person, who finds themselves in the same situation of groundlessness, pluralism, and ambiguity of the transformations taking place around.

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Esenbel, Selçuk. "A fin de siècle Japanese romantic in Istanbul: the life of Yamada Torajirō and his Toruko gakan". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 59, nr 2 (czerwiec 1996): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00031554.

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The modern Japanese tourist visiting the Topkapi Sarai may well be struck by a display of sixteenth-century samurai armour and helmet held there. It was presented, along with a sword, to the Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid II in 1892 by Yamada Torajirō (1866–1957), an important pioneer in the history of Turkish-Japanese relations and the subject of this paper. Yamada, who was to remain in the imperial capital for almost twenty years, was witness to the history of the Hamidian era of conservative modernism under the despotic regime of the so-called ‘Red Sultan’, and the subsequent dramatic transition to constitutionalism that came with the Young Turk revolution of 1908. He was one of only two Japanese resident in the city (possibly in the whole empire) in this period. The other was Nakamura Ejirō, owner of the first Japanese shop in Istanbul, and Yamada's friend and partner.

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Hybholt, Lisbeth. "Routines and Concerns in Conduct of Everyday Life". Outlines. Critical Practice Studies 16, nr 2 (30.12.2015): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ocps.v16i2.22996.

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In this paper, I explore the concept conduct of everyday life, namely routines and real life, as they are confronted with empirical observations. The observations are from a study of changes in the conduct of everyday life for individuals who attended a patient education course. The course was a part of their treatment after a hospitalisation with depression in a psychiatric ward. I use analysis of the main individual, Steven’s, conduct of everyday life and illustrate my points with models of conduct of everyday life made using beads. The conceptualisation of conduct of everyday life is expanded through three points. Firstly, cyclic routines can matter and fulfill life, which can support the ongoing discussion about the concept conduct of everyday life. Secondly, I show that, from a first person perspective, what matters in conduct of everyday life is more complex than what is possible to grasp analytically through a dualistic opposition between cyclic everyday conduct and the particular meaningful conduct of everyday life. Thirdly, I expand on the notion of timeouts/breaks as solely something that lifts us out of mundane everyday life. I conclude that it makes a more comprehensive analysis to perceive all conduct of everyday life as having profound personal meaning and to analyse the individuals' concerns in relation to their social self-understanding and localisation at a certain time.

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TAKAGI, MASAO. "Landholdings and the family life cycle in traditional Japan". Continuity and Change 15, nr 1 (maj 2000): 47–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416099003471.

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This article examines, on the basis of landholding patterns, the relationship between the peasant family economy and its family life cycle in the latter half of the Tokugawa era (1603–1867). The analysis is focused on the life-cycle patterns of the stem family. In such a system, the continuation of the family and its assets assumed prime importance while hired labour did not provide a substantial proportion of the workforce on the farm. In fact, the stem family was officially recognized as the lawful family form by the Meiji government, but even in earlier periods the stem family system provided the dominant form. Among the samurai it was always the required form. Among the peasantry, by the early eighteenth century the stem family was the predominant family system.The family system observed here differs in structure from that found in western-European family systems. Even when developmental aspects of European households are discussed, it is the relationship between the simple, nuclear family forms and their economic and social correlates – especially poverty, inheritance and landholdings – that is analysed. How Japanese stem family households operated with respect to landholding and other variables is the main theme of this article. The data come from an agrarian and considerably backward area of north-east Japan where harvest failures were not infrequent even in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.

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Dreier, Ole. "Personality and the conduct of everyday life". Nordic Psychology 63, nr 2 (styczeń 2011): 4–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1901-2276/a000030.

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Fergusson, David M., i L. John Horwood. "Early Conduct Problems and Later Life Opportunities". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 39, nr 8 (listopad 1998): 1097–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00414.

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Carleheden, Mikael. "THE TRANSFORMATION OF OUR CONDUCT OF LIFE". Distinktion: Journal of Social Theory 7, nr 2 (styczeń 2006): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1600910x.2006.9672929.

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Friesen, Derek, James Cresswell, Carlyn Moore i Kaitlyn Dueck. "Pragmatism and the conduct of everyday life". Culture & Psychology 25, nr 2 (26.12.2018): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354067x18820674.

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Schraube and Højholt’s edited Psychology and the conduct of everyday life asserts that the conduct of everyday includes research from several authors who all explore the primacy of researching human actions in the contradictory and intersubjective contexts of everyday human life. In this review essay, we discuss the degree to which this work expresses another form of pragmatism as conceived by Rorty . This discussion involves three themes: hostility to disengaged theorizing, subjectivity, and critical antiestablishment ethos. We propose that the book potentially extends pragmatism by specifically undoing the private–public dichotomy that pragmatism runs the risk of enabling.

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Wahler, Rober G. "Child conduct problems: Disorders in conduct or social continuity?" Journal of Child and Family Studies 3, nr 2 (czerwiec 1994): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02234064.

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Quinting, Julian F., Michael M. Bell, Patrick A. Harr i Sarah C. Jones. "Structural Characteristics of T-PARC Typhoon Sinlaku during Its Extratropical Transition". Monthly Weather Review 142, nr 5 (30.04.2014): 1945–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-13-00306.1.

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Abstract The structure and the environment of Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) were investigated during its life cycle in The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC). On 20 September 2008, during the transformation stage of Sinlaku’s extratropical transition (ET), research aircraft equipped with dual-Doppler radar and dropsondes documented the structure of the convection surrounding Sinlaku and low-level frontogenetical processes. The observational data obtained were assimilated with the recently developed Spline Analysis at Mesoscale Utilizing Radar and Aircraft Instrumentation (SAMURAI) software tool. The resulting analysis provides detailed insight into the ET system and allows specific features of the system to be identified, including deep convection, a stratiform precipitation region, warm- and cold-frontal structures, and a dry intrusion. The analysis offers valuable information about the interaction of the features identified within the transitioning tropical cyclone. The existence of dry midlatitude air above warm-moist tropical air led to strong potential instability. Quasigeostrophic diagnostics suggest that forced ascent during warm frontogenesis triggered the deep convective development in this potentially unstable environment. The deep convection itself produced a positive potential vorticity anomaly at midlevels that modified the environmental flow. A comparison of the operational ECMWF analysis and the observation-based SAMURAI analysis exhibits important differences. In particular, the ECMWF analysis does not capture the deep convection adequately. The nonexistence of the deep convection has considerable implications on the potential vorticity structure of the remnants of the typhoon at midlevels. An inaccurate representation of the thermodynamic structure of the dry intrusion has considerable implications on the frontogenesis and the quasigeostrophic forcing.

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Foerster, Annette M., Michael M. Bell, Patrick A. Harr i Sarah C. Jones. "Observations of the Eyewall Structure of Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) during the Transformation Stage of Extratropical Transition". Monthly Weather Review 142, nr 9 (wrzesień 2014): 3372–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-13-00313.1.

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A unique dataset observing the life cycle of Typhoon Sinlaku was collected during The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC) in 2008. In this study observations of the transformation stage of the extratropical transition of Sinlaku are analyzed. Research flights with the Naval Research Laboratory P-3 and the U.S. Air Force WC-130 aircraft were conducted in the core region of Sinlaku. Data from the Electra Doppler Radar (ELDORA), dropsondes, aircraft flight level, and satellite atmospheric motion vectors were analyzed with the recently developed Spline Analysis at Mesoscale Utilizing Radar and Aircraft Instrumentation (SAMURAI) software with a 1-km horizontal- and 0.5-km vertical-node spacing. The SAMURAI analysis shows marked asymmetries in the structure of the core region in the radar reflectivity and three-dimensional wind field. The highest radar reflectivities were found in the left of shear semicircle, and maximum ascent was found in the downshear left quadrant. Initial radar echos were found slightly upstream of the downshear direction and downdrafts were primarily located in the upshear semicircle, suggesting that individual cells in Sinlaku’s eyewall formed in the downshear region, matured as they traveled downstream, and decayed in the upshear region. The observed structure is consistent with previous studies of tropical cyclones in vertical wind shear, suggesting that the eyewall convection is primarily shaped by increased vertical wind shear during step 2 of the transformation stage, as was hypothesized by Klein et al. A transition from active convection upwind to stratiform precipitation downwind is similar to that found in the principal rainband of more intense tropical cyclones.

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Fukumori, Ryan H. "Samurai among Panthers: Richard Aoki on Race, Resistance, and a Paradoxical Life by Diane C. Fujino (review)". Journal of Asian American Studies 16, nr 2 (2013): 230–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jaas.2013.0015.

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Mack, Karl. "Explanations for Conduct Disorder". Child & Youth Care Forum 33, nr 2 (kwiecień 2004): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:ccar.0000019633.87610.4c.

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Brandl, Werner. "Conduct of everyday life – some views and insights". Haushalt in Bildung & Forschung 8, nr 2-2019 (13.05.2019): 54–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/hibifo.v8i2.05.

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Everyday – according to Merriam-Webster and Cambridge Dictionary a term used for routinely, ordinary, typical, usual. That sounds like banality and triviality, habit and trot – in short: little excitement and nothing interesting at all! It is therefore not surprising that there are little reason and little interest in the scientific mainstream to discuss life-world and conduct of everyday life – in addition to references to simple necessity and private responsibility. A tour d’horizon – in the sense of an informative overview of topics discussed.

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