Rozprawy doktorskie: „Sampling of Two Characters”

1

Love, Jessica. "The trouble with tracking characters: Two studies". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306264340.

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Kalbfleisch, Heidi. "Variance estimation for sampling on two occasions". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq24170.pdf.

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3

Linder, Daniel Frederick. "Optimal and permissible sampling rates for first-order sampling of two-band signals". Click here to access dissertation, 2008. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/spring2008/daniel_f_linder/Linder_Daniel_F_200801_MS.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia Southern University, 2008.
"A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science." Under the direction of Yan Wu. ETD. Electronic version approved: May 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36)

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4

Li, Ping. "Stable random projections and conditional random sampling, two sampling techniques for modern massive datasets /". May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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5

Hsu, Kuei-Ling C. "Variability of two sampling methods in plaque samples". Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2008m/hsu.pdf.

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Fiery, Michael Allen. "A form of two-phase sampling utilizing regression analysis". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4312.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 81 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 32).

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7

Winquist, Steven Todd. "A comparative analysis of two secondary sexual characters in birds". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26184.

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This thesis investigates the evolution of two secondary sexual characters in birds, large male body size and exaggerated male tail length. To determine whether the elaboration of these two characters is associated with two correlates of sexual selection intensity, mating system and parental care, I collected and examined morphological information for 1,990 species and natural history data for 745 species. Comparative studies should account for the problem of related species sharing similarities through common descent, so here I investigate associations with contrast scores that measure the variation radiating from unique ancestral nodes in a phylogeny. I show that greater polygyny correlates strongly with increasing male size but only slightly with longer male tail length, and that lesser paternal care correlates strongly with both traits. These results indicate that the evolution of increased male body size and exaggerated male tail length in birds is substantially influenced by the intensity of sexual selection.

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8

Kim, Kyong Ryun. "Second order accurate variance estimation in poststratified two-stage sampling". Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5895.

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We proposed new variance estimators for the poststratified estimator of the population total in two-stage sampling. The linearization or Taylor series variance estimator and the jackknife linearization variance estimator are popular for the poststratified estimator. The jackknife linearization variance estimator utilizes the ratio, ^Rc, which balances the weights for the poststrata while the linearization or Taylor series estimator does not. The jackknife linearization variance estimator is equivalent to Rao's (1985) adjusted variance estimator. Our proposed estimator makes use of the ratio, ^R c, in a different shape which is naturally derived from the process of expanding to the second-order Taylor series linearization, while the standard linearization variance estimator is only expanded to the first-order. We investigated the properties and performance of the linearization variance estimator, the jackknife linearization estimator, the proposed variance estimator and its modified version analytically and through simulation study. The simulation study was carried out on both artificially generated data and real data. The result showed that the second order accurate variance estimator and its modified version could be very good candidates for the variance estimation of poststratified estimator of population total.

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9

Dowd, Andrew Vernon 1962. "Statistical considerations of modified two bit sampling for astronomical correlators". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277840.

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When applied to radio astronomy instrumentation, practical limitations on circuitry restrict digital correlators to extremely coarse quantization. This paper examines non-linear effects of modified two-bit quantization on astronomical correlators. Equations are presented to correct quantization bias in estimates. The degradation due to quantization is given and plotted. The necessary tolerance in threshold levels is established to avoid systematic errors in power spectrum measurement. An alternative method of measuring power is derived that reduces parameter sensitivity.

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10

Sun, Wai-man. "Reading aloud of Chinese pseudo-characters a comparison of two processing /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2003. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B3889077X.

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Thesis (B.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2003.
"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, April 30, 2003." Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-30) Also available in print.

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11

Ninov, Valentin. "Two-dimensional zero-phase FIR filter design with nonuniform frequency sampling". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0002/MQ43655.pdf.

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ZHU, GUOHUA. "ASCERTAINMENT IN TWO-PHASE SAMPLING DESIGNS FOR SEGREGATION AND LINKAGE ANALYSIS". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1112844349.

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Zhu, Guohua. "Ascertainment in two-phase sampling designs for segregation and linkage analysis /". Connect to text online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1112844349.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2005.
[School of Medicine] Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Includes bibliographical references. Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

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Suh, Ye Sook Lee. "Ssibaji an opera in two acts for 9 characters, percussion and piano /". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/4174.

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Thesis (D.M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.
Thesis research directed by: Music. Title from t.p. of PDF. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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15

Bergsjö, Mattias. "Sampling strategies for budgeting two Swedish lakes: Morphometry, seasons and other factors". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-130316.

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Two lakes in northern Sweden were sampled for carbon dioxide (CO2), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), oxygen (O2) and temperature in April and in May 2016. This to calculate budgets for the lakes as well as make comparisons and find what makes them differ. Morphometry, seasons and trophic levels were explored and found to potentially have different degrees of effect on concentrations. Morphometry showed noticeable spatial variance within and between lakes, meaning that more complex lakes will have different concentration throughout the lake compared to a simple morphometry which will not show this spatial spread. Different seasons showed variance in total concentrations rather than spatial variance. Levels of humic substances showed a small potential variance in total concentrations between the two lakes. The variances found were then used to determine whether one of two sampling methods were more valid than another. One strategy entailed sampling the deepest point only and let it represent the whole lake. The other used points spread out over the lake’s area, taking the morphometry of the lake into account. Initial results pointed to the second strategy being more accurate because of morphometry etc. however when considering things such as time and cost, the reasonableness of this strategy may not be favorable depending on the aim of an eventual study.

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16

Bhatta, Dilli. "A Bayesian Test of Independence for Two-way Contingency Tables Under Cluster Sampling". Digital WPI, 2013. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/128.

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We consider a Bayesian approach to the study of independence in a two-way contingency table obtained from a two-stage cluster sampling design. We study the association between two categorical variables when (a) there are no covariates and (b) there are covariates at both unit and cluster levels. Our main idea for the Bayesian test of independence is to convert the cluster sample into an equivalent simple random sample which provides a surrogate of the original sample. Then, this surrogate sample is used to compute the Bayes factor to make an inference about independence. For the test of independence without covariates, the Rao-Scott corrections to the standard chi-squared (or likelihood ratio) statistic were developed. They are ``large sample' methods and provide appropriate inference when there are large cell counts. However, they are less successful when there are small cell counts. We have developed the methodology to overcome the limitations of Rao-Scott correction. We have used a hierarchical Bayesian model to convert the observed cluster samples to simple random samples. This provides the surrogate samples which can be used to derive the distribution of the Bayes factor to make an inference about independence. We have used a sampling-based method to fit the model. For the test of independence with covariates, we first convert the cluster sample with covariates to a cluster sample without covariates. We use multinomial logistic regression model with random effects to accommodate the cluster effects. Our idea is to fit the cluster samples to the random effect models and predict the new samples by adjusting with the covariates. This provides the cluster sample without covariates. We then use a hierarchical Bayesian model to convert this cluster sample to a simple random sample which allows us to calculate the Bayes factor to make an inference about independence. We use Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to fit our models. We apply our first method to the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (1995) for third grade U.S. students in which we study the association between the mathematics test scores and the communities the students come from, and science test scores and the communities the students come from. We also provide a simulation study which establishes our methodology as a viable alternative to the Rao-Scott approximations for relatively small two-stage cluster samples. We apply our second method to the data from the Trend in International Mathematics and Science Study (2007) for fourth grade U.S. students to assess the association between the mathematics and science scores represented as categorical variables and also provide the simulation study. The result shows that if there is strong association between two categorical variables, there is no difference between the significance of the test in using the model (a) with covariates and (b) without covariates. However, in simulation studies, there is a noticeable difference in the significance of the test between the two models when there are borderline cases (i.e., situations where there is marginal significance).

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17

Nan, Bin. "Information bounds and efficient estimates for two-phase designs with lifetime data /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9587.

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18

Tsai, Yeng-Chieh. "The application of two-dimensional genomic DNA nylon matrix for environmental samples analysis". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 67 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1654501591&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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19

Bernard, Etienne. "Algorithms and applications of the Monte Carlo method : two-dimensional melting and perfect sampling". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066220.

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Cette thèse porte sur la méthode de Monte-Carlo ainsi que sur des applications de cette méthode à la physique statistique. La première partie concerne l'étude de la transition de phase liquide-solide à deux dimensions. La nature de cette transition est un problème de la physique statistique qui a longtemps été débattu, et en particulier pour le modèle fondamental des disques durs. Dans le but de traiter ce problème, nous avons développé l'algorithme de Monte-Carlo dit ``event-chain''. Notre analyse numérique montre que la transition se déroule en deux étapes: en augmentant la densité, le système passe de manière discontinue d'une phase liquide à une phase dite hexatique, puis de manière continue à une phase solide par une transition de type Kosterlitz-Thouless. Ces résultats posent une nouvelle base théorique aux expériences sur les solides bidimensionnels. La deuxième partie concerne les algorithmes d'échantillonage parfait utilisant la méthode ``Coupling from the past''. Ces algorithmes de Monte-Carlo permettent d'échantillonner des systèmes selon la distribution exacte désirée, ce qui supprime le problème de la connaissance du temps de thermalisation d'une chaîne de Markov. Cette méthode s'est avérée inefficace pour des systèmes physiques où elle serait utile: les verres de spins à basse température, ou les sphères dures à haute densité par exemple. Nous avons étudié différents algorithmes exacts pour ces systèmes. Les résultats obtenus montrent que cette limitation est due aux transitions vers le chaos des chaînes de Markov, ces transitions étant d'origine dynamique et non thermodynamique.

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20

Jampatong, Sansern. "Effect of one- and two-eared selection on stalk strength and other characters in maize /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9946266.

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21

Batidzirai, Jesca Mercy. "Randomization in a two armed clinical trial: an overview of different randomization techniques". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/395.

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Randomization is the key element of any sensible clinical trial. It is the only way we can be sure that the patients have been allocated into the treatment groups without bias and that the treatment groups are almost similar before the start of the trial. The randomization schemes used to allocate patients into the treatment groups play a role in achieving this goal. This study uses SAS simulations to do categorical data analysis and comparison of differences between two main randomization schemes namely unrestricted and restricted randomization in dental studies where there are small samples, i.e. simple randomization and the minimization method respectively. Results show that minimization produces almost equally sized treatment groups, but simple randomization is weak in balancing prognostic factors. Nevertheless, simple randomization can also produce balanced groups even in small samples, by chance. Statistical power is also improved when minimization is used than in simple randomization, but bigger samples might be needed to boost the power.

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22

Frezza, T. "A comparison of observer repeatability and precision of sampling using two different fish habitat assessment methods in lakes, transect sampling and the littoral zone cruise". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ57986.pdf.

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23

Chatterjee, Nilanjan. "Semiparametric inference based on estimating equations in regression models for two phase outcome dependent sampling /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8959.

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Naranjo, S. E., H. M. Flint i T. J. Henneberry. "Comparative Analysis of Two Sampling Methods for Estimating Abundance of Adult Bemisia tabaci in Cotton". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210318.

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The leaf turn method and the black pan method, two sampling methods for estimating the abundance of Bemisia tabaci (Strain B) on cotton, were compared over a two year period in Maricopa and Phoenix, AZ Both methods were highly correlated with the density of immature stages prior to the use of insecticides, but more poorly correlated after insecticide use began. The two methods were highly correlated with one another, however, leaf turn counts were better predictors of immature infestation. The leaf turn method was also much less variable between individual samplers than the black pan method. Finally, in terms of cost-efficiency it takes, on average, 71% less time to estimate population density with an acceptable precision using the leaf turn method. Based on these criteria, the leaf turn method is a more reliable and efficient technique for estimating adult abundance.

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25

Dzierlenga, Michael W., i Michael W. Dzierlenga. "The Dynamics of Enzymatic Reactions: A Tale of Two Dehydrogenases". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/620868.

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Enzymes direct chemical reactions with precision and speed, making life as we know it possible. How they do this is still not completely understood, but the relatively recent discovery of subpicosecond protein motion coupled to the reaction coordinate has provided a crucial piece of the puzzle. This type of motion is called a rate-promoting vibration (RPV) and has been seen in a number of different enzymatic systems. It typically involves a compression of the active site of the enzyme which lowers the barrier for the reaction to occur. In this work we present a number of studies that probe these motions in two dehydrogenase enzymes, yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) and homologs of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The goal of the study on the reaction of YADH was to probe the role of the protein in proton tunneling in the enzyme, which was suggested to occur from experimental kinetic isotope effect studies. We did this using transition path sampling (TPS), which perturbatively generates ensembles of reactive trajectories to observe transitions between stable states, such as chemical reactions. By applying a quantum method that can account for proton tunneling, centroid molecular dynamics, and generating reactive trajectory ensembles with and without the method, we were able to observe the change in barrier to proton transfer upon application of the tunneling method. We found that there was little change in the barrier, showing that classical over-the-barrier transfer is dominant over tunneling in the proton transfer in YADH. We also applied the knowledge of RPVs to identify a new class of allosteric molecules, which modulate enzymatic reaction not by changing a binding affinity, but by disrupting the reactive motion of enzymes. We showed, through design of a novel allosteric effector for human heart LDH, applying TPS to a system with and without the small molecule bound, and analysis of the reaction coordinate of the reactive trajectory ensemble, that the molecule was able to disrupt the motion of the protein such that it was no longer coupled to the reaction. We also examined the subpicosecond motions of two other LDHs, from Plasmodium falciparum and Cryptosporidium parvum, which evolved separately from previously studied LDHs. We found, using TPS and reaction coordinate identification, that while the LDH from C. parvum had similar dynamics to the earlier LDHs, the LDH from P. falciparum had a earlier transition-state associated with proton transfer, not hydride transfer. This is likely due to this LDH having a larger active site pocket, increasing the amount of motion necessary for proton transfer, and, thus, the barrier to proton transfer. More work is necessary in this system to determine whether the protein is coupled with the search for the reactive conformation for proton transfer. Protein motion coupled to the particle transfer in dehydrogenases plays an important role in their reactions and there is still much work to be done to understand the extent and role of RPVs.

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26

Jenkins, Paul A. "Importance sampling on the coalescent with recombination". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:de04e3ae-d3be-4eb3-9045-2387d872283d.

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Performing inference on contemporary samples of homologous DNA sequence data is an important task. By assuming a stochastic model for ancestry, one can make full use of observed data by sampling from the distribution of genealogies conditional upon the sample configuration. A natural such model is Kingman's coalescent, with numerous extensions to account for additional biological phenomena. However, in this model the distribution of interest cannot be written down analytically, and so one solution is to utilize importance sampling. In this context, importance sampling (IS) simulates genealogies from an artificial proposal distribution, and corrects for this by weighting each resulting genealogy. In this thesis I investigate in detail approaches for developing efficient proposal distributions on coalescent histories, with a particular focus on a two-locus model mutating under the infinite-sites assumption and in which the loci are separated by a region of recombination. This model was originally studied by Griffiths (1981), and is a useful simplification for considering the correlated ancestries of two linked loci. I show that my proposal distribution generally outperforms an existing IS method which could be recruited to this model. Given today's sequencing technologies it is not difficult to find volumes of data for which even the most efficient proposal distributions might struggle. I therefore appropriate resampling mechanisms from the theory of sequential Monte Carlo in order to effect substantial improvements in IS applications. In particular, I propose a new resampling scheme and confirm that it ensures a significant gain in the accuracy of likelihood estimates. It outperforms an existing scheme which can actually diminish the quality of an IS simulation unless it is applied to coalescent models with care. Finally, I apply the methods developed here to an example dataset, and discuss a new measure for the way in which two gene trees are correlated.

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27

Lindqvist, Caroline. "Suspect Behaviour : A Gender Perspective on Male and Female Characters in Two Detective Novels by Agatha Christie". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-27225.

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This essay is a gender analysis of some of the characters created by Agatha Christie. The aim is to investigate the occurrence of gender stereotypes and if traditional gender norms are challenged by men and/or women characters in Evil Under the Sun and The Body in the Library. Initially, there is an introduction to gender theories which includes the theorists Thomas Laqueur and Simone de Beauvoir among others. Laqueur presents the evolution of gender theories, specifically the two-sex model in which it was believed that sex is pervasive and thus the body rules the mind. Theories presented by him are vastly different from those of de Beauvoir who argues that the mind and body are separate. Other theorists which specifically deal with crime fiction and gender include Susan Rowland, who writes about the reformation of the detective and how the crime genre is gendered, and Gill Plain, who has been able to categorised Christie’s characters into three distinctive groups in which gender roles are clearly distinguishable. The conclusion reached is that male and female characters are portrayed both as adhering to gender roles, contemporary to the time at which the books were written, and as breaking them. However the outcomes and reactions differ depending on the character in question. Marple and Poirot appear to be well aware of the stereotypical way they are viewed and use it to appear less intimidating in order to hide their true nature as two sharp intellects.

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28

Chang, Meng-I. "A Comparison of Two MCMC Algorithms for Estimating the 2PL IRT Models". OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1446.

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The fully Bayesian estimation via the use of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques has become popular for estimating item response theory (IRT) models. The current development of MCMC includes two major algorithms: Gibbs sampling and the No-U-Turn sampler (NUTS). While the former has been used with fitting various IRT models, the latter is relatively new, calling for the research to compare it with other algorithms. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the performances of these two emerging MCMC algorithms in estimating two two-parameter logistic (2PL) IRT models, namely, the 2PL unidimensional model and the 2PL multi-unidimensional model under various test situations. Through investigating the accuracy and bias in estimating the model parameters given different test lengths, sample sizes, prior specifications, and/or correlations for these models, the key motivation is to provide researchers and practitioners with general guidelines when it comes to estimating a UIRT model and a multi-unidimensional IRT model. The results from the present study suggest that NUTS is equally effective as Gibbs sampling at parameter estimation under most conditions for the 2PL IRT models. Findings also shed light on the use of the two MCMC algorithms with more complex IRT models.

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29

Nilsson, John, i Lars Engström. "Story Through Gameplay : Design Patterns in Journey and Brothers: A Tale of Two Sons". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-21889.

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This is an analysis in which we played the games “Journey” and “Brothers: A Tale of Two Sons” with the goal of identifying game design patterns that were used to convey the games’ narratives. Using the method known as formal analysis we examined different situations in the games. Having identified which design patters seemed significant we decided upon a template with which we would present our findings. We found three patterns that we deemed were important enough to be defined in this paper; “Player guidance through Non Player Characters”, “Manipulation of controller effects” and “Visual reminders of the Player’s Goal” and explain these thoroughly. In our discussion we examine the value of our findings and how effective we found our method to be.

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Petersson, Pernilla. "Characters' Views and Perception : Hybridity and the Westerners in Two Indian Novels by Arundhati Roy and Salman Rushdie". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-73669.

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In the two novels, The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy and Midnight’s Children by Salman Rushdie, characters show that their preconceptions and encounter with the Westerners play a big role in how they view Westerners and/or Indians who have adapted to or grown up with the Western lifestyle. Due to Roy’s family being a group of “Anglophiles” and liking the British, they see Sophie Mol being half-Indian as positive. Padma, Saleem’s partner in Rushdie’s novel, on the other hand, is less familiar with the British and therefore has problems accepting that Saleem is half-English. This difference between how the two families view the half-breeds, Sophie Mol and Saleem, can also be connected to the long history of colonialism, where Roy’s family has been trained to like the British, whilst Padma was born after India’s independence and was not trained to like the former colonists. Similarly, Chacko is being more accepted for his adaptation to English ways by his family than Aadam is by his family. However, Chacko is not accepted by the English, where he feels that he belongs, which makes both Chacko and Aadam feel “rootless” in their home culture. It is through these preconceptions and different encounters that characters view and believe that there is a difference in behaviour between the Indian and Western women, and that Westerners have a need to have higher status than the Indians. This essay shows that Indians have different views depending on their knowledge, lack of knowledge, interest or lack of faith in the West.

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31

Barrett, Michelle L. "Comparison of estimated white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population densities during two different seasons in the Miami University Natural Areas". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1417016979.

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32

Patel, Sonal. "Determination of Phase Equilibria and the Critical Point Using Two-Phase Molecular Dynamics Simulations with Monte Carlo Sampling". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3587.

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The two-phase MD technique employed in this work determines the liquid and vapor phase densities from a histogram of molecular densities within phase clusters in the simulation cell using a new Monte Carlo (MC) sampling method. These equilibrium densities are then fitted in conjunction with known critical-point scaling laws to obtain the critical temperature, and the critical density. This MC post-processing method was found to be more easily implemented in code, and it is efficient and easily applied to complex, structured molecules. This method has been successfully applied and benchmarked for a simple Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluid and a structured molecule, propane. Various degrees of internal flexibility in the propane models showed little effect on the coexisting densities far from critical point, but internal flexibility (angle bending and bond vibrations) seemed to affect the saturated liquid densities in the near-critical region, changing the critical temperature by approximately 20 K. Shorter cutoffs were also found to affect the phase dome and the location of the critical point. The developed MD+MC method was then used to test the efficacy of two all-atom, site-site pair potential models (with and without point charges) developed solely from the energy landscape obtained from high-level ab initio pair interactions for the first time. Both models produced equivalent phase domes and critical loci. The model's critical temperature for methanol is 77 K too high while that for 1-propanol is 80 K too low, but the critical densities are in good agreement. These differences are likely attributable to the lack of multi-body interactions in the true pair potential models used here. Lastly, the transferability of the ab initio potential model was evaluated by applying it to 1-pentanol. An attempt has been made to separate the errors due to transferability of the potential model from errors due to the use of a true-pair potential. The results suggested a good level of transferability for the site-site model. The lack of multi-body effects appears to be dominant weakness in using the generalized ab initio potential model for determination of the phase dome and critical properties of larger alcohols.

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Huh, Jungwon, Quang Tran, Achintya Haldar, Innjoon Park i Jin-Hee Ahn. "Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of a Shallow Two-Story Underground RC Box Structure". MDPI AG, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625742.

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Tunnels, culverts, and subway stations are the main parts of an integrated infrastructure system. Most of them are constructed by the cut-and-cover method at shallow depths (mainly lower than 30 m) of soil deposits, where large-scale seismic ground deformation can occur with lower stiffness and strength of the soil. Therefore, the transverse racking deformation (one of the major seismic ground deformation) due to soil shear deformations should be included in the seismic design of underground structures using cost- and time-efficient methods that can achieve robustness of design and are easily understood by engineers. This paper aims to develop a simplified but comprehensive approach relating to vulnerability assessment in the form of fragility curves on a shallow two-story reinforced concrete underground box structure constructed in a highly-weathered soil. In addition, a comparison of the results of earthquakes per peak ground acceleration (PGA) is conducted to determine the effective and appropriate number for cost- and time-benefit analysis. The ground response acceleration method for buried structures (GRAMBS) is used to analyze the behavior of the structure subjected to transverse seismic loading under quasi-static conditions. Furthermore, the damage states that indicate the exceedance level of the structural strength capacity are described by the results of nonlinear static analyses (or so-called pushover analyses). The Latin hypercube sampling technique is employed to consider the uncertainties associated with the material properties and concrete cover owing to the variation in construction conditions. Finally, a large number of artificial ground shakings satisfying the design spectrum are generated in order to develop the seismic fragility curves based on the defined damage states. It is worth noting that the number of ground motions per PGA, which is equal to or larger than 20, is a reasonable value to perform a structural analysis that produces satisfactory fragility curves.

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Mastrogianakos, John. "The role-within-the-role : two Pirandellian novellas and their dramatic adaptation". Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68118.

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Luigi Pirandello's two short stories La verita and Certi obblighi and the play derived from them Il berretto a sonagli seem to be, at least on the surface, about adultery. The three male protagonists' dilemmas come about as a result of their wives' sexual transgressions, which consequently impose certain "obligations" upon them. The themes of adultery and betrayal, however, are merely surface elements, used to explore the theatrical nature of identity and of all social experience. Specifically, the three works show how role-playing-within-roles safeguards the identity of the betrayed husbands, by protecting them from social humiliation.
Since all Pirandellian characters role-play, and as a consequence portray and assume multiple identities, this thesis examines the function and significance of this technique in both narrative and theatrical contexts. It attempts to show that while the device is a feature common to all three works, it is in the dramatic adaptation that role-playing in relation to identity acquires its more visible and effective treatment.

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Hiner, Stephen W. "Analyses of Two Aspects of Study Design for Bioassessment With Benthic Macroinvertebrates: Single Versus Multiple Habitat Sampling and Taxonomic Identification Level". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9716.

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Bioassessment is the concept of evaluating the ecological condition of habitats by surveying the resident assemblages of living organisms. Conducting bioassessment with benthic macroinvertebrates is still evolving and continues to be refined. There are strongly divided opinions about study design, sampling methods, laboratory analyses, and data analysis. Two issues that are currently being debated about study design for bioassessment in streams were examined here: 1) what habitats within streams should be sampled; 2) and is it necessary to identify organisms to the species level? The influence of habitat sampling design and level of taxonomic identification on the interpretation of ecological conditions of ten small streams in western Virginia was examined. Cattle watering and grazing heavily affected five of these streams (impaired sites). The other five streams, with no recent cattle activity or other impact by man, were considered to be reference sites because they were minimally impaired and represented best attainable conditions. Inferential and non-inferential statistical analyses concluded that multiple habitat sampling design was more effective than a single habitat design (riffle only) at distinguishing impaired conditions, regardless of taxonomic level. It appeared that sampling design (riffle habitat versus multiple habitats) is more important than taxonomic identification level for distinguishing reference and impaired ecological conditions in this bioassessment study. All levels of taxonomic resolution, which were studied, showed that the macroinvertebrate assemblages at the reference and impaired sites were very different and the assemblages at the impaired sites were adversely affected by perturbation. This study supported the sampling of multiple habitats and identification to the family level as a design for best determining the ecological condition of streams in bioassessment.
Master of Science

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Inácio, Marco Henrique de Almeida. "Comparing two populations using Bayesian Fourier series density estimation". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/104/104131/tde-12092017-083813/.

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Given two samples from two populations, one could ask how similar the populations are, that is, how close their probability distributions are. For absolutely continuous distributions, one way to measure the proximity of such populations is to use a measure of distance (metric) between the probability density functions (which are unknown given that only samples are observed). In this work, we work with the integrated squared distance as metric. To measure the uncertainty of the squared integrated distance, we first model the uncertainty of each of the probability density functions using a nonparametric Bayesian method. The method consists of estimating the probability density function f (or its logarithm) using Fourier series {f0;f1; :::;fI}. Assigning a prior distribution to f is then equivalent to assigning a prior distribution to the coefficients of this series. We used the prior suggested by Scricciolo (2006) (sieve prior), which not only places a prior on such coefficients, but also on I itself, so that in reality we work with a Bayesian mixture of finite dimensional models. To obtain posterior samples of such mixture, we marginalize out the discrete model index parameter I and use a statistical software called Stan. We conclude that the Bayesian Fourier series method has good performance when compared to kernel density estimation, although both methods often have problems in the estimation of the probability density function near the boundaries. Lastly, we showed how the methodology of Fourier series can be used to access the uncertainty regarding the similarity of two samples. In particular, we applied this method to dataset of patients with Alzheimer.
Dadas duas amostras de duas populações, pode-se questionar o quão parecidas as duas populações são, ou seja, o quão próximas estão suas distribuições de probabilidade. Para distribuições absolutamente contínuas, uma maneira de mensurar a proximidade dessas populações é utilizando uma medida de distância (métrica) entre as funções densidade de probabilidade (as quais são desconhecidas, em virtude de observarmos apenas as amostras). Nesta dissertação, utilizamos a distância quadrática integrada como métrica. Para mensurar a incerteza da distância quadrática integrada, primeiramente modelamos a incerteza sobre cada uma das funções densidade de probabilidade através de uma método bayesiano não paramétrico. O método consiste em estimar a função de densidade de probabilidade f (ou seu logaritmo) usando séries de Fourier {f0;f1; :::;fI}. Atribuir uma distribuição a priori para f é então equivalente a atribuir uma distribuição a priori aos coeficientes dessa serie. Utilizamos a priori sugerida em Scricciolo (2006) (priori de sieve), a qual não coloca uma priori somente nesses coeficientes, mas também no próprio I, de modo que, na realidade, trabalhamos com uma mistura bayesiana de modelos de dimensão finita. Para obter amostras a posteriori dessas misturas, marginalizamos o parâmetro (discreto) de indexação de modelos, I, e usamos um software estatístico chamado Stan. Concluímos que o método bayesiano de séries de Fourier tem boa performance quando comparado ao de estimativa de densidade kernel, apesar de ambos os métodos frequentemente apresentarem problemas na estimação da função de densidade de probabilidade perto das fronteiras. Por fim, mostramos como a metodologia de series de Fourier pode ser utilizada para mensurar a incerteza a cerca da similaridade de duas amostras. Em particular, aplicamos este método a um conjunto de dados de pacientes com doença de Alzheimer.

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Button, Zach. "The application and interpretation of the two-parameter item response model in the context of replicated preference testing". Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20113.

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Master of Science
Statistics
Suzanne Dubnicka
Preference testing is a popular method of determining consumer preferences for a variety of products in areas such as sensory analysis, animal welfare, and pharmacology. However, many prominent models for this type of data do not allow different probabilities of preferring one product over the other for each individual consumer, called overdispersion, which intuitively exists in real-world situations. We investigate the Two-Parameter variation of the Item Response Model (IRM) in the context of replicated preference testing. Because the IRM is most commonly applied to multiple-choice testing, our primary focus is the interpretation of the model parameters with respect to preference testing and the evaluation of the model’s usefulness in this context. We fit a Bayesian version of the Two-Parameter Probit IRM (2PP) to two real-world datasets, Raisin Bran and Cola, as well as five hypothetical datasets constructed with specific parameter properties in mind. The values of the parameters are sampled via the Gibbs Sampler and examined using various plots of the posterior distributions. Next, several different models and prior distribution specifications are compared over the Raisin Bran and Cola datasets using the Deviance Information Criterion (DIC). The Two-Parameter IRM is a useful tool in the context of replicated preference testing, due to its ability to accommodate overdispersion, its intuitive interpretation, and its flexibility in terms of parameterization, link function, and prior specification. However, we find that this model brings computational difficulties in certain situations, some of which require creative solutions. Although the IRM can be interpreted for replicated preference testing scenarios, this data typically contains few replications, while the model was designed for exams with many items. We conclude that the IRM may provide little evidence for marketing decisions, and it is better-suited for exploring the nature of consumer preferences early in product development.

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38

Tollan, Peter Michael Edward. "A tale of two arcs : petrogenesis of ultramafic xenoliths sampling the upper mantle wedge beneath the West Bismarck island arc". Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10758/.

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Peridotite xenoliths transported to the surface in basaltic magma from the upper mantle wedge beneath the West Bismarck island arc, Papua New Guinea, present a rare opportunity to assess the nature of the mantle wedge in an active intra-oceanic island arc. This thesis reports comprehensive new geochemical and isotopic data for harzburgites, pyroxenites and dunites, from the island of Ritter, in order to understand how partial melting and hydrous metasomatism generate chemically, isotopically and physically distinct mantle. The highly depleted major and moderately incompatible trace element composition of residual phases and the radiogenic strontium isotope composition of texturally well-equilibrated harzburgites are best explained by hydrous partial melting and metasomatism associated with a previous period of subduction. Harzburgites that record textural evidence for melt-rock reaction, meanwhile, have elevated equilibration temperatures, oxidised spinel compositions, elevated olivine water contents and strontium isotope compositions identical to regionally erupted basalts. These features reflect interaction between ambient mantle and primary hydrous, oxidised basaltic melts in the upper mantle wedge. Modelling of trace element diffusion profiles in olivine constrains this event to approximately one year before exhumation. The low water contents of both coarse-grained olivine and orthopyroxene are consistent with equilibrium in chemically depleted upper mantle. The absence of hydrated silicon vacancies in olivine despite overall increases in water content during melt-rock reaction indicates that the mantle wedge may not change significantly in mechanical strength during hydrous melting and metasomatism. Chemical and radiogenic signatures of subduction are thus more likely to survive convective homogenisation. The whole-rock budget of highly siderophile elements (HSE) is contained within heterogeneously distributed trace sulphides and inferred alloy phases, and is controlled by both partial melting and metasomatism. An absence of any correlation of Sr isotopes with either HSE or Os isotopes indicates these elements may be immobile in slab-derived fluids. Elevated concentrations of Pt and Pd in pyroxenite are mirrored by depletions in dunite, demonstrating that melt-rock reaction is instead responsible for enrichments in these elements in arc mantle. A correlation between whole-rock 187Os/188Os and phosphorous in olivine offers clues to ancient processes unrelated to active subduction, not recorded by any other chemical or isotopic system.

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Wayolle, Audrey A. J. "Multiscale soil carbon distribution in two Sub-Arctic landscapes". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/6502.

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In recent years, concern has grown over the consequences of global warming. The arctic region is thought to be particularly vulnerable to increasing temperatures, and warming is occurring here substantially more rapidly than at lower latitudes. Consequently, assessments of the state of the Arctic are a focus of international efforts. For the terrestrial Arctic, large datasets are generated by remote sensing of above-ground variables, with an emphasis on vegetation properties, and, by association, carbon fluxes. However, the terrestrial component of the carbon (C) cycle remains poorly quantified and the below-ground distribution and stocks of soil C can not be quantified directly by remote sensing. Large areas of the Arctic are also difficult to access, limiting field surveys. The scientific community does know, however, that this region stores a massive proportion (although poorly quantified, soil C stocks for tundra soils vary from 96 to 192 Gt C) of the global reservoir of soil carbon, much of it in permafrost (900 Gt C), and these stocks may be very vulnerable to increased rates of decomposition due to rising temperatures. The consequences of this could be increasing source strength of the radiatively forcing gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). The principal objective of this project is to provide a critical evaluation of methods used to link soil C stocks and fluxes at the usual scales spanned by the field surveys (centimetre to kilometre) and remote sensing surveys (kilometre to hundreds of kilometres). The soil C distribution of two sub-arctic sites in contrasting climatic, landscape/geomorphologic and vegetation settings has been described and analysed. The transition between birch forest and tundra heath in the Abisko (Swedish Lapland) field site, and the transition between mire and birch forest in the Kevo (Finnish Lapland) field site span several vegetation categories and landscape contexts. The natural variability of below-ground C stocks (excluding coarse roots > 2 mm diameter), at scales from the centimetre to the kilometre scale, is high: 0.01 to 18.8 kg C m-2 for the 0 - 4 cm depth in a 2.5 km2 area of Abisko. The depths of the soil profiles and the soil C stocks are not directly linked to either vegetation categories or Leaf Area Index (LAI), thus vegetation properties are not a straightforward proxy for soil C distribution. When mapping soil or vegetation categories over large areas, it is usually necessary to aggregate several vegetation or soil categories to simplify the output (both for mapping and for modelling). Using this approach, an average value of 2.3 kg C m-2 was derived both for soils beneath treeless areas and forest understorey. This aggregated value is potentially misleading, however, because there is significant skew resulting from the inclusion of exposed ridges (with very low soil C stocks) in the ‘treeless’ category. Furthermore, if birch trees colonise tundra heath and other ‘open’ plant communities in the coming decades, there will likely be substantial shifts in soil C stocks. This will be both due to direct climate effects on decomposition, but also due to changes in above- and below-ground C inputs (both in quantity and quality) and possibly changes in so-called root ‘priming’ effects on the decomposition of existing organic matter. A model of soil respiration using parameters from field surveys shows that soils of the birch forest are more sensitive to increases in mean annual temperature than soils under tundra heath. The heterogeneity of soil properties, moisture and temperature regimes and vegetation cover in ecotone areas means that responses to climate change will differ across these landscapes. Any exercise in upscaling results from field surveys has to indicate the heterogeneity of vegetation and soil categories to guide soil sampling and modelling of C cycle processes in the Arctic.

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Anttonen, Ramona. "The Savage and the Gentleman : A Comparative Analysis of Two Vampire Characters in Bram Stoker's Dracula and Anne Rice's The Vampire Lestat". Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-535.

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The creatures known as vampires have inspired authors for several hundred years. These beings are stereotypically described as belonging to a “nocturnal species” who live “in shadows” and drink “our lives in secrecy” (Auerbach 1). However, they have by now appeared so often in literary works, and in so many different shapes and sizes, that they are much too nuanced to be called ‘stereotypes.’

This essay will make a historical comparison between two fictional vampires, one hundred years apart, in order to show that a change has taken place when it comes to how vampires as fictional characters have been portrayed in terms of their appearance, their psychology, and their roles in society. The first novel chosen is, for obvious reasons, Bram Stoker’s Dracula. It was written at the turn of the nineteenth century by a male author and is probably the first novel that comes into mind when the word vampire is mentioned. The second novel, The Vampire Lestat, was written almost a century later, in 1986, by a female author, who, to readers of vampire fiction, is a worthy successor of Stoker. Her name is Anne Rice, best known for her debut novel Interview with the Vampire (1976).

The two novels are naturally chosen because of their similarities, but perhaps even more so because of their differences. Dracula is a typically Victorian Gothic novel, which is set in the remote mountains of Transylvania, and in the modern capital London, contemporary to when the novel was published. It is written in epistolary form but never allows for the main character, Count Dracula, to defend or explain himself and his actions in a first-person narrative.

The Vampire Lestat, on the other hand, is a Neo-Gothic novel that focus less on conventional Gothic elements, for example gloomy settings, and more on the psychological aspects of what it is like to actually be a vampire. Unlike Dracula, it is the main character’s fictional autobiography in which he recalls his life in France, his transformation into a vampire, and his current career in the United States as a famous rock star. Nina Auerbach calls it “a series of temporal regressions in which Lestat . . . embarks on a backward quest out of the knowable world” (172).

Both novels used in this analysis are thus part of the Gothic genre, one being a Victorian Gothic and the other Neo-Gothic, but there are significant differences between the two. I will investigate how these differences reveal themselves when it comes to setting and plot. However, the novels are similar in that they present two male vampires who belong to the nobility and have lived on through the centuries. The vampires both want to be where the power is, which means, in the case of Stoker’s Dracula, that he tries to conquer nineteenth-century London and seduce a young intelligent woman named Mina. Lestat, on the other hand, wants to become a famous twentieth-century rock star in the United States and simply have a good time while being a vampire (Auerbach 6).

The aim of this essay is to investigate what is typical of the genres that the two novels belong to and determine what has changed in the vampires’ physical appearance, their manners and their ability to adapt to modern society. In the first section of the essay I will give a description of the typical elements of the Gothic and the Neo-Gothic genres and then compare them in order to make a generic description of the two novels, Dracula and The Vampire Lestat. Vampire fiction will be treated as a sub-genre to the Gothic genre. In the succeeding two sections I will make comparative analyses of the two novels, particularly of the main characters, in order to describe the similarities and differences between the two and study how the vampire character has changed during the last century. Much of the discussion, especially regarding Dracula, will be based on Cesare Lombroso’s concept of the ‘criminal man,’ and various modern scholars’ opinion that the vampire is seen as an outcast and a threat to society.

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Theunissen, Justin Robin. "Film music : the synthesis of two art forms - a case study of themes and characters in Alfred Hitchcock's and Bernard Herrmann's Vertigo". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86555.

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Thesis (MMus)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis investigates the impact that a musical score can have on the visual component as well as the final product of a film. This is achieved by the use of a systematic analytical approach that covers the most important aspects of the visual and musical elements within Vertigo. The film is regarded as one of cinema’s greatest examples of excellence. The many levels of meaning, inspired use of cinematographic techniques, meticulously crafted narrative and dynamic score combine to create a film unlike any other. The analysis of Vertigo is achieved by selecting specific scenes that contain important visual and musical elements essential to the narrative. The visual and musical aspects of each scene are analysed separately before the relationship between them is studied. Following this, the results of the analysis are summarised within the larger context of the narrative and conclusions are drawn regarding the music’s influence on the visual aspects of the film as well as its role in the ultimate narrative success of Vertigo.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie verhandeling kwantifiseer die impak wat ‘n partituur kan uitoefen op die visuele aspekte en eindproduk van ‘n film. Dit word bereik deur die gebruik van ‘n sistematiese analitiese benadering wat die hoofaspekte van die visuele en musikale elemente in Vertigo ondersoek. Vertigo word beskou as een van die filmkuns se beste voorbeelde van uitnemendheid. Die komplekse betekenisvlakke, die geïnspireerde gebruik vakinematografiese tegnieke, die uitmuntende storielyn en die dinamiese partituur kombineer om ‘n unieke film te skep. In die ontleding van spesiale tonele met visuele en musikale elemente wat ‘n noodsaaklike bydrae lewer tot die sukses van die storielyn, kan Vertigo analiseer word. Die visuele en musikale aspekte van elke toneel word eers individueel bestudeer voordat die verhouding tussen die elemente analiseer word. Daarna word die resultate saamgevat binne die raamwerk van die storielyn en kan daar tot ‘n gevolgtrekking gekom word oor musiek se invloed op die visuele aspekte van die film en die rol wat musiek gespeel het in die beslissende sukses van Vertigo.

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42

Ning, Shuluo. "Bayesian Degradation Analysis Considering Competing Risks and Residual-Life Prediction for Two-Phase Degradation". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1339559200.

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Greer, Brandi A. Young Dean M. "Bayesian and pseudo-likelihood interval estimation for comparing two Poisson rate parameters using under-reported data". Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5283.

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陳振桐. "Bayesian Two-Phase Sampling". Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91455459142790599271.

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CHEN, YI-RU, i 陳怡如. "TWO PROBLEMS IN STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05640244703704662008.

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碩士
東海大學
統計學系
93
This thesis is about survey sampling. We take up two areas to study further. One is the problem of post-stratification – the decision to stratify a simple random sample after it is already collected. Another is the application of stratified random sampling for the regression estimation problem. For notation and general concepts, in Chapter 1 we give a short introduction to survey sampling in general and stratified random sampling in particular. In Chapter 2, we study the problems of poststratification. Why after a simple random sample is collected, we need to stratify the sample for statistical analyses. Some problems arise with poststratification, one is that the sample sizes of different strata are random variables. They have a joint distribution and their moments need to be estimated. We apply the delta method of up to the 5-th order to see if the precision of approximate estimators increase as the order increase. Our conclusion is that it is not necessarily so. In Chapter 3 we deal with the problem of why and how to apply the stratification method to the regression estimation. In the book Elementary Survey Sampling, 5-th Edition, by Scheaffer, Mendengall lll and Ott (1996), they have an example (but no theory) of applying stratified random sampling to ratio estimation problem. We use similar technique to figure out how to apply the stratification method to the regression problem. An example is provided at the end as demonstration.

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Huang, Kuo-Chung, i 黃國忠. "(SYS,SYS)Two-stage Sampling Design". Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45166014857135482631.

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碩士
淡江大學
管理科學研究所
85
The purpose of this paper first investigates the theory of two-stage sampling method, then, by simulation process, we can look for the optimal sample size. Next, comparing the advantages and inferiorities between (SYS,SYS) and (SRS,SRS) two-stage sampling method, we can obtain the difference of them. The body of this article has five parts as following:1. Evaluate both expected value and variance of the estimator of the population mean.2. Find the unbaised estimator of the variance of the estimator of the population mean.3. Compare the size of variance between (SYS,SYS) and (SRS,SRS) two-stage sampling method.4. Determine the optimal allocation of two-stage sample size of (SYS,SYS) two-stage sampling method under cost limition.5. By simulation analysis, we compare the differences of variance between (SYS,SYS) and (SRS,SRS) two-stage sampling method, and look for the sample size to minimize the variance. In the process of simulation analysis, we can see that the variance of optimal allocation possess relative stable character. Hence, in practice, the values of cp/cs and Ss/Sp can be not achieved much exactly while we compute the sample size of the second-stage. In addition, using random number to produce 600 standard normal distributions, the variances of (SYS,SYS) two-stage sampling method which possess a relative minimizion is significantly lower than the variance of (SRS,SRS) two-stage sampling method when the value of m equals to 3.

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Huang, Chih-Hao, i 黃致豪. "(SRS,SYS) Two-Stage Sampling Design". Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14196703710569379384.

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碩士
淡江大學
管理科學研究所
85
The objects of this study is to investigate the theory of (SRS,SYS)two-stage sampling design, to find the optimal allocation of sampling units, then to compare its with (SRS,SRS) two-stage sampling design and to determine which one is better. The summaries of this thesis are as follows: 1. To calculate the expectation and variance of the estimated population mean and total. 2. To find the unbiased estimator of variance of the estimated population mean. 3. To compare variance of (SRS,SYS)two-stage sampling with that of (SRS,SRS)two- stage sampling by verification. 4. To consider the optimal allocation of sampling units under the limitations of cost and no cost by verification and simulation. 5. By the analysis of simulation, to compare the differences between variance of (SRS,SYS)two-stage sampling and that of (SRS,SRS) two- stage sampling, and to find the number of sampling units which makes the variance relatively minimum.

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Huang, Zhi-Hao, i 黃致豪. "(SRS,SYS) Two-Stage Sampling Design". Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92676054994352362846.

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Boyles, David C. "Complex curves of degree two characters of two-bridge knot groups". 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/14694845.html.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1986.
Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-87).

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王迺聖. "Multivariate analysis in the two-stage sampling". Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33695791837779633776.

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