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Masdor, Noor Azlina, Azizah Abdul Talib, Noorshinah Hussin, Aseha Yahya i Zamri Ishak. "Screening for the Presence of Salmonella typhimurium in Local Meat using Dot-Elisa". Journal of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology 2, nr 1 (29.07.2014): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jemat.v2i1.88.
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Salmonella infections in commercial poultry have long been an industry concern and the subject of many investigations. Since poultry is a major food source, its contamination with salmonellae may result in the development of human illness. Salmonella typhimurium is one of paratyphoid Salmonellae most commonly associated with poultry. Thus, a detection assay for this bacterium is highly sought after. Detection of Salmonella typhimurium using monoclonal antibody is specific to only one epitope while polyclonal antibody has the ability to detect various serovars due to the presence of multitude of epitopes. In this study the production of polyclonal antibody was performed using rabbits immunized with formalin-killed cell lysate of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium ATTC® 53648. The purification of immunoglobulin G (IgG) was carried out by affinity chromatography and the purity of IgG was characterized by SDS-PAGE.The purified IgG was used to detect Salmonella typhimurium by the dot-ELISA method. The specificity of the dot-ELISA was investigated with different foodborne pathogens including Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Campylobactor jejuni which produced no significant reaction signal compared to Salmonella typhimurium.
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BROCKMANN, STEFAN O., ISOLDE PIECHOTOWSKI i PETER KIMMIG. "Salmonella in Sesame Seed Products". Journal of Food Protection 67, nr 1 (1.01.2004): 178–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.1.178.
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In the context of an international outbreak of multiresistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT 104 that was correlated to the consumption of halvah (“helva,” an Asian candy made from sesame seed), we examined several sesame seed products for the occurrence of Salmonella. Of 117 ready-to-eat food items containing sesame, we isolated salmonellae from 11 (9.4%) samples. In addition to finding Salmonella Typhimurium DT 104 in the halvah involved in the outbreak, we also isolated different Salmonella Typhimurium strains out of halvah from other manufacturers and countries of origin, as well as Salmonella Offa, Salmonella Tennessee, and Salmonella Poona from sesame paste (tahini) and sesame seed, which is sold for raw consumption in cereals.
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AL-kafaji, Narjis Amer, Zainab R. Zghair i MethaqGhlibAbd AL-Rubaie. "Pathological study of alcoholic plant agolanceolata crude extracts effect on some Salmonella species invitro and in vivo". Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences 7, nr 1B (10.10.2016): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36326/kjvs/2016/v7i1b4272.
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This study was designed to explore the pathological effect of alcoholic plant agolanceolata crude extracts effect on some Salmonella species invitro and in vivo study by using laboratory mice .plant agolanceolata crude extract were dealing in vitro study against some virulent bacteria including Salmonella typhimurium ,Salmonella typhiond Salmonella hadar. And using the concentrations (100,150,200,250 and 300) mg for plan tagolanceolata crude extract ,concentration at 300 mg and the highest inhibitory effect on the three types of salmonella ,when compared with the other concentrations .The pathological study of plant agolanceolata crude extract was done against the infection of Salmonella typhimurium as in vivo study by using white laboratory mice. Twenty four mice were randomly divided into six groups, each group contain four animals. First group was administrated orally o.3 ml of Salmonella typhimuriumof bacterial suspension containing 1x106cfu orally for one week of infection. Second group administrated orally with 0.3 ml of bacterial suspension containing 1x106cfu orally of Salmonella typhimurium for two weeks as infection. Third group administrated orally with 0.3 ml of bacterial suspension containing 1x106cfu orally Salmonella typhimurium for three weeks as infection. Fourth group was administrated orally with o.3 ml of plant agolanceolata extract for one week daily after infection with Salmonella typhimurium. Fifth group was administrated orally with o.3 ml of plant agolanceolata extract for two weeks daily after infection with Salmonella typhimurium. And sixth group was administrated orally with o.3 ml of plant agolanceolata extract for three weeks daily after infection with Salmonella typhimurium. The histopathological study showed pathological changes in theintestine of the first , second and third groups that infected with Salmonella typhimuriumbacteria, (sixfhgroup)no clear pathological changes were reported except some lesions. For all, the plantagolanceolata extract apparently has therapeutic effect whenused in high concentration invitro and for long time invivo.
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van Dissel, J. T., J. J. Stikkelbroeck, B. C. Michel, P. C. Leijh i R. van Furth. "Salmonella-typhimurium-specific difference in rate of intracellular killing by resident peritoneal macrophages from salmonella-resistant CBA and salmonella-susceptible C57BL/10 mice." Journal of Immunology 138, nr 12 (15.06.1987): 4428–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.138.12.4428.
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Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine whether the difference between the rate of intracellular killing of Salmonella typhimurium by macrophages of salmonella-resistant CBA and salmonella-susceptible C57BL/10 mice also holds for other salmonellae and other bacteria species. After in vivo phagocytosis, the initial rate of in vitro intracellular killing of S. typhimurium phagetype 505, S. typhimurium phagetype 510, and S. typhimurium M206 by macrophages of CBA mice amounted always to approximately 1.7 times the value found for macrophages of C57BL/10 mice (p less than 0.001), indicating that the difference in killing efficiency between CBA and C57BL/10 macrophages holds for various strains of S. typhimurium. However, some other salmonella species, i.e., S. dublin and S. heidelberg, as well as E. coli 054 and 02K1+, Listeria monocytogenes EGD and L347, and Staphylococcus aureus were killed equally efficiently by macrophages of both mouse strains. These findings indicate that the difference between the rates of intracellular killing by macrophages of salmonella-resistant CBA and salmonella-susceptible C57BL/10 does not hold for several other bacteria species and thus might be specific for S. typhimurium. Subsequent experiments showed that the in vivo proliferation of S. typhimurium 510 in the first 2 days after i.v. injection was 2.0-fold to 3.0-fold higher in the spleens and livers of C57BL/10 mice than in those of CBA mice, whereas the in vivo proliferation of S. dublin and S. heidelberg was between 1.0-fold to 1.4-fold higher in the C57BL/10 mice. These findings suggest that the differences between the rate of in vitro intracellular killing of salmonella by CBA and C57BL/10 macrophages are reflected in differences in the rate of in vivo proliferation of these microorganisms in CBA and C57BL/10 mice. To gain insight into the involvement of the oxidative metabolism of CBA and C57BL/10 macrophages in the difference in the rate of intracellular killing of S. typhimurium, the O2 consumption and H2O2 release by resident peritoneal macrophages was determined. The amplitudes of the respiratory burst and the release of H2O2 was identical in macrophages of the two mouse strains after triggering by either preopsonized heat-killed S. typhimurium or phorbol myristic acetate. These findings indicate that the mouse species-associated difference in the intracellular killing of S. typhimurium is not caused by a difference in the oxidative metabolism of CBA and C57BL/10 macrophages.
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Kazlow, Philip G., Jeffrey Freed, Joel R. Rosh, Mark Reiner, Renata Dische, Keith Benkov i Neal S. LeLeiko. "Salmonella typhimurium Appendicitis". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 13, nr 1 (lipiec 1991): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-199107000-00019.
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Frayha, Rida A. "Salmonella typhimurium Bacteriuria". Archives of Internal Medicine 145, nr 4 (1.04.1985): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1985.00360040063014.
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Kazlow, Philip G., Jeffrey Freed, Joel R. Rosh, Mark Reiner, Renata Dische, Keith Benkov i Neal S. LeLeiko. "Salmonella typhimurium Appendicitis". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 13, nr 1 (lipiec 1991): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1991.tb10299.x.
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SummaryA child with signs and symptoms of acute gastroenteritis developed localization of her pain to the right lower quadrant. A clinical diagnosis of appendicitis was made and an inflamed appendix was found at surgery. The postoperative period was marked by high spiking fevers and profuse nonbloody diarrhea. Cultures of the appendix and the stool revealed Salmonella typhimurium. Nontyphoidal Salmonella organisms are a rare cause of acute suppurative appendicitis. Intraoperative cultures of the appendix and peritoneal fluid as well as postoperative cultures of the diarrheal fluid were crucial in elucidating the cause of this patient's unusual course.
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ZHAO, TONG, MICHAEL P. DOYLE, PAULA J. FEDORKA-CRAY, PING ZHAO i SCOTT LADELY. "Occurrence of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium DT104A in Retail Ground Beef". Journal of Food Protection 65, nr 2 (1.02.2002): 403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.2.403.
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Surveillance data of cattle and human isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 indicate that this pathogen emerged worldwide in the 1980s, particularly in cattle. Studies were conducted to determine the prevalence of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in ground beef. Samples were also tested for the presence of generic Escherichia coli. A total of 404 fresh ground beef samples obtained at retail stores from New York, San Francisco, Philadelphia, Denver, Atlanta, Houston, and Chicago were shipped overnight to Georgia for processing. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 14 (3.5%) samples. Eight different serotypes were identified among the isolates, including Salmonella Typhimurium (5), Salmonella Lille (3), Salmonella Montevideo (1), Salmonella Hadar (1), Salmonella Meleagridis (1), Salmonella Cerro (1), Salmonella Kentucky (1), and Salmonella Muenster (1). Antibiotic resistance profiles indicated that all five Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, ticarcillin, and tetracycline but that they were sensitive to chloramphenicol. Phage typing revealed that all five Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were DT104A, a subtype of DT104. All five Salmonella Typhimurium DT104A isolates were obtained from ground beef sampled from retail outlets in San Francisco. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genomic DNA profiles of the five Salmonella Typhimurium DT104A isolates from ground beef were indistinguishable from those of four control Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 penta-resistant isolates from cattle that were used for comparison. A total of 102 generic E. coli isolates were obtained, only three of which were multi-resistant to antibiotics. In addition, three E. coli isolates were recovered from samples that were positive for Salmonella Typhimurium DT104A. No correlation of antibiotic resistance profiles was observed between Salmonella Typhimurium DT104A and generic E. coli, as two of the three E. coli isolates were susceptible to all of the antibiotics tested, and the third isolate was resistant only to cephalothin. These data indicate that Salmonella Typhimurium DT104A can be isolated from retail ground beef, and because there was little overlap in antibiotic resistance patterns between Salmonella Typhimurium DT104A and E. coli isolates from the same ground beef samples, these limited data suggest that the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes among enteric bacteria in ground beef may not be common. This latter observation is further supported by the limited isolation of multiantibiotic-resistant E. coli from retail ground beef.
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GUAN, JIEWEN, MARIA CHAN, BÉATRICE ALLAIN, ROSEMONDE MANDEVILLE i BRIAN W. BROOKS. "Detection of Multiple Antibiotic–Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium DT104 by Phage Replication–Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay". Journal of Food Protection 69, nr 4 (1.04.2006): 739–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.4.739.
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A phage replication–competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PR-cELISA) was developed for the detection of multiple antibiotic–resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. In the PR-cELISA procedure, a phage, BP1, was inoculated into a log-phase bacterial culture at a ratio of 1:100. After a 3-h incubation of the mixture, BP1 replication was measured by cELISA based on the competitive binding between BP1 and biotinylated BP1 to Salmonella Typhimurium smooth lipopolysaccharide. Among the 84 Salmonella strains and 9 non-Salmonella strains that were tested by PR-cELISA, BP1 detected 39 of 40 Salmonella Typhimurium strains, 2 of 10 Salmonella non-Typhimurium somatic group B strains, and 5 of 18 Salmonella somatic group D1 strains. With the addition of chloramphenicol to the culture medium, PR-cELISA detected all 27 multiple antibiotic–resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 and none of the other Salmonella strains or non-Salmonella strains tested. The results demonstrated that PR-cELISA has potential applications for the detection of multiple antibiotic–resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104.
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Springer, Sven, Tobias Theuß, Imre Toth i Zsuzsanna Szogyenyi. "Invasion inhibition effects and immunogenicity after vaccination of SPF chicks with a Salmonella Enteritidis live vaccine". Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere / Nutztiere 49, nr 04 (sierpień 2021): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1520-1369.
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Abstract Objective Meat and eggs from chickens infected with Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Infantis are considered to be an important source of Salmonella infections for humans. In order to control Salmonella infections in chickens, basic biosecurity measures are taken in combination with inactivated or attenuated live vaccines. Apart from an adaptive immune response, some live vaccines also induce innate immune mechanisms that prevent or inhibit systemic invasion with homologous Salmonella serovars. It is unknown whether these invasion inhibition effects are also directed against heterologous Salmonella serovars. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the adaptive immune response after vaccination with a Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 4 live vaccine is also directed against other phage types of Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium. Material and methods Specific pathogen-free day-old chicks were vaccinated orally with a commercially available Salmonella Enteritidis live vaccine. To test the invasion inhibition effect, the animals were challenged orally with a labelled Salmonella Typhimurium or Salmonella Infantis strain 1 day after vaccination. To demonstrate the adaptive immune response against non-phage type 4 Salmonella Enteritidis strains and a monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium strain, the chickens were challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis strains of phage types 1, 8 and 21 and a monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium strain (Definitive Type 193). After challenge, the abundance of the challenge strain in liver and cecal tissue was enumerated and compared with a corresponding control group. Results Findings showed that the live Salmonella Enteritidis vaccine inhibits systemic invasion after early infection with Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Infantis. Furthermore, adaptive immunity against the tested non-phage type 4 Salmonella Enteritidis strains and the monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium strain was demonstrated. Conclusion and clinical relevance The results of this study demonstrate that vaccination with the Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 4 live vaccine significantly inhibits the invasion of Salmonella Typhimurium and Infantis. Furthermore, an adaptive immune response was also detected against non-phage type 4 Salmonella Enteritidis strains and a monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium strain.
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Madajczak, Grzegorz, Bożena Dera-Tomaszewska, Jolanta Szych, Anna Chróst i Monika Wasiak. "Molecular Methods for Identification of Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium Strains". Polish Journal of Microbiology 64, nr 4 (31.12.2015): 383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/17331331.1185238.
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Two molecular biology methods were used to differentiate Salmonella enterica 1,4,[5],12:i:- strains: “Salmonella Check&Trace microarray” (CT) and multiplex PCR (mPCR). For 92 strains in CT result “Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:-“ were obtained. Those strains were confirmed in mPCR as monophasic fljB-lack Salmonella Typhimurium. For 17 strains, which in CT assay were recognized as Salmonella Typhimurium, the same identification was obtained in mPCR. Reference Salmonella strains: Lagos, Agama, Tsevie, Glocester and Tumodi in CT were recognized as Salmonella genovar, in mPCR – as Salmonella O:4, H:i other than Salmonella Typhimurium, the same like Salmonella Farsta, recognized incorrectly in CT as Salmonella Typhimurium.
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House, John K., Raúl C. Mainar-Jaime, Bradford P. Smith, Ann-Marie House i Darin Y. Kamiya. "Risk factors for nosocomial Salmonella infection among hospitalized horses". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 214, nr 10 (15.05.1999): 1511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1999.214.10.1511.
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Objective To identify risk factors for nosocomial Salmonella infections among hospitalized horses. Design Longitudinal study. Animals 1,583 horses hospitalized in an intensive care unit between January 1992 and June 1996. Procedure Survivor functions were used to estimate time to shedding salmonellae for various Salmonella serotypes. Survival analysis was then used to determine how variables associated with patient management, environmental conditions, hospital conditions, and other disease processes affected the risk of nosocomial Salmonella infection. Results 78 horses shed Salmonella organisms: 35 shed Salmonella krefeld, 26 shed S typhimurium, and 17 shed other Salmonella serotypes. Mean time from admission to shedding was significantly longer for horses shedding S krefeld or S typhimurium than for horses shedding other Salmonella serotypes. Therefore, infection with S krefeld or S typhimurium was considered nosocomial. Seven variables were found to be significantly associated with risk of nosocomial Salmonella infection: mean number of horses in the hospital shedding S krefeld during the 4 days prior to and the day of admission, mean number of horses shedding S typhimurium during this period, a diagnosis of large colon impaction, withholding feed, number of days fed bran mash, duration of treatment with potassium penicillin G, and mean daily ambient temperature. Clinical Implications Results suggest that risk of nosocomial Salmomella infections is greater for horses with large colon impactions. In addition to implementing hospital protocols that minimize cross contamination between patients, strategies to reduce the risk of nosocomial Salmonella infection should include minimizing use of potassium penicillin G and regulation of environmental temperature in the hospital. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:1511-1516)
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Refsum, Thorbjørn, Kjell Handeland, Dorte Lau Baggesen, Gudmund Holstad i Georg Kapperud. "Salmonellae in Avian Wildlife in Norway from 1969 to 2000". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, nr 11 (listopad 2002): 5595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.11.5595-5599.2002.
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ABSTRACT Postmortem records of wild-living birds in Norway with laboratory-confirmed findings of salmonella infection were summarized for the period from 1969 to 2000. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 470 birds belonging to 26 species. The salmonella-positive birds included 441 small passerines, 15 gulls, 5 waterfowl, 4 birds of prey, 3 doves, and 2 crows. The bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) was by far the most frequently recorded species (54% of the cases). Salmonella enterica serover Typhimurium was recovered from all cases except from one hooded crow (Corvus corone), which yielded serovar Paratyphi-B var. Java. Variant O:4,12 comprised 96% (451 cases) of all serovar Typhimurium isolates, including all the passerines, while variant O:4,5,12 accounted for the remaining 4% (18 cases). The occurrence of salmonellae in small passerines showed a distinct seasonality, with a peak in February and March. Plasmid profile analysis of 346 isolates of serovar Typhimurium O:4,12 detected six profiles, of which two comprised 66 and 28% of the isolates, respectively. Phage typing of 52 randomly selected isolates of serovar Typhimurium O:4,12 from passerines detected four types: DT 40 (54%), U277 (35%), DT 99 (6%), and DT 110 (4%).
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RAJASHEKARA, G., E. HAVERLY, D. A. HALVORSON, K. E. FERRIS, D. C. LAUER i K. V. NAGARAJA. "Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in Poultry". Journal of Food Protection 63, nr 2 (1.02.2000): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.2.155.
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Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from feed ingredients or poultry sources isolated during 1995 to 1997 from different geographical locations within Minnesota were examined for the presence of Salmonella Typhimurium definitive type 104 (DT104). Antibiotic susceptibility studies indicated that 15 of 50 isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium had an antibiotic resistance pattern (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline) that is usually observed with multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. Of the 15 isolates showing the antibiotic resistance pattern, 8 isolates were phage type 104, 3 isolates were typed as phage type 104 complex, and the remaining 4 isolates belonged to phage types 193, 81, and 126. DT104 was recovered from both feed ingredients and poultry samples. Of the seven feed ingredient–associated Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, four were DT104, whereas only 7 of 43 poultry-associated Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were DT104. A repetitive sequence–based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) of 50 isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium representing 13 phage types identified seven distinct fingerprint profiles. No correlation between phage type and rep-PCR type was noticed. Eleven Salmonella Typhimurium isolates belonging to DT104 and its complex were grouped into two closely related rep-PCR types.
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NABBUT, NASSIM H. "The Salmonella Problem in Lebanon and Its Role in Acute Gastroenteritis1". Journal of Food Protection 56, nr 3 (1.03.1993): 270–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.3.270.
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The present report presents the available data on the first isolation, occurrence, and distribution of the unadapted group of salmonellae in various nonhuman sources in Lebanon. Salmonella typhimurium was the most predominant serotype in poultry. It is the leading serotype in its zoological distribution as it was isolated from 10 animal species. Other unadapted Salmonella isolates from poultry, listed according to their descending frequency, included Salmonella bareilly, Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella infantis, Salmonella oranienburg, and Salmonella aqama. Salmonella dublin was the most frequent in cattle followed by S. typhimurium. The four most common serotypes encountered in animal feed were Salmonella meleagridis, Salmonella tennessee, Salmonella Chester, and Salmonella seftenberg, whereas the most predominant Salmonella serotypes recovered from sewage effluent were Salmonella montevideo, Salmonella goetborq, Salmonella paratyphi B, Salmonella bovis-morbificans, Salmonella livingstone and Salmonella muenster. The latter was isolated from leftover poultry meat that was incriminated in four separate food poisoning outbreaks of gastroenteritis which occurred in different places in East Beirut. The same serotype was isolated from the stools of some of the affected patients. Some of the documented Salmonella gastroenteritis outbreaks in Lebanon are briefly reviewed. The prevention and control of human salmonellosis are discussed.
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OH, SANG-IK, JONG WAN KIM, MYEONGJU CHAE, JI-A. JUNG, BYUNGJAE SO, BUMSEOK KIM i HA-YOUNG KIM. "Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Typhimurium Isolates from Clinically Diseased Pigs in Korea". Journal of Food Protection 79, nr 11 (1.11.2016): 1884–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-131.
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ABSTRACT This study investigated the prevalence of Salmonella enterica serovar and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from clinically diseased pigs collected from 2008 to 2014 in Korea. Isolates were also characterized according to the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. Among 94 Salmonella isolates, 81 (86.2%) were identified as being of the Salmonella Typhimurium serotype, followed by Salmonella Derby (6 of 94, 6.4%), Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:− (4 of 94, 4.3%), Salmonella Enteritidis (2 of 94, 2.1%), and Salmonella Brandenburg (1 of 94, 1.1%). The majority of Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were resistant to tetracycline (92.6%), followed by streptomycin (88.9%) and ampicillin (80.2%). Overall, 96.3% of Salmonella Typhimurium isolates showed multidrug-resistant phenotypes and commonly harbored the resistance genes blaTEM (64.9%), flo (32.8%), aadA (55.3%), strA (58.5%), strB (58.5%), sulII (53.2%), and tetA (61.7%). The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of 45 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from individual farms revealed 27 distinct patterns that formed one major and two minor clusters in the dendrogram analysis, suggesting that most of the isolates (91.1%) from diseased pigs were genetically related. These findings can assist veterinarians in the selection of appropriate antimicrobial agents to combat Salmonella Typhimurium infections in pigs. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and genetic status in Salmonella Typhimurium for the detection of emerging resistance trends.
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KIM, H. J., S. H. PARK, T. H. LEE, B. H. NAHM, Y. H. CHUNG, K. H. SEO i H. Y. KIM. "Identification of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Using Specific PCR Primers Obtained by Comparative Genomics in Salmonella Serovars". Journal of Food Protection 69, nr 7 (1.07.2006): 1653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.7.1653.
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Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a major foodborne pathogen throughout the world. Until now, the specific target genes for the detection and identification of serovar Typhimurium have not been developed. To determine the specific probes for serovar Typhimurium, the genes of serovar Typhimurium LT2 that were expected to be unique were selected with the BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) program within GenBank. The selected genes were compared with 11 genomic sequences of various Salmonella serovars by BLAST. Of these selected genes, 10 were expected to be specific to serovar Typhimurium and were not related to virulence factor genes of Salmonella pathogenicity island or to genes of the O and H antigens of Salmonella. Primers for the 10 selected genes were constructed, and PCRs were evaluated with various genomic DNAs of Salmonella and non-Salmonella strains for the specific identification of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium. Among all the primer sets for the 10 genes, STM4497 showed the highest degree of specificity to serovar Typhimurium. In this study, a specific primer set for Salmonella serovar Typhimurium was developed on the basis of the comparison of genomic sequences between Salmonella serovars and was validated with PCR. This method of comparative genomics to select target genes or sequences can be applied to the specific detection of microorganisms.
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Al-Kaissy, G. A. "The Use of Iraqi Probiotic and Poultrygrow 250 in Reducing the Experimentally Infection of Broiler Chicks with Salmonella Typhimurium". Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 30, nr 2 (31.12.2006): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v30i2.811.
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The study was conducted to find out the effect of some feed additives inreducing the infection rate of broilers with Salmonella typhimurium.Forty broiler chicks at one week of age were divided into 4 treatments, 10chicks each as follows:T1: uninfected control.T2: Salmonella typhimurium infected + Iraqi Probiotic.T3: Salmonella typhimurium infected + Poultrygrow 250.T4: Salmonella typhimurium infected only.One day after feeding on feed additives, the birds were experimentallyinfected with Salmonella typhimurium through the mouth.Results show that Iraqi probiotic did not decrease the severity of infectionwith Salmonella typhimurium in comparison with those of Poultrygrow 250,shown by the percentage of mortality and number of Salmonella excreted withthe feaces. Poultrygrow 250 causes a significant (ρ < 0.01) increase in bodyweight, weight gain and feed conversion ratio through reducing feedconsumption. Iraqi probiotic has similar effect but for less extent.It was conducted that adding Poultrygrow 250 to the feed decreases theintensity of Salmonella typhimurium infection in broiler and improvesperformance.
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Marcelo M., Geraldine, Raúl Rosadio A., Ana Chero O., Gerardo Díaz O., Aldo Ciprian C. i Lenin Maturrano H. "Identificación de Salmonella Enteritidis y Salmonella Typhimurium en Cuyes mediante la Técnica de PCR Múltiple". Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 28, nr 2 (23.07.2017): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v28i2.13074.
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El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar mediante PCR múltiple la posible existencia de los serovares Salmonella Typhimurium y Enteritidis en 25 cepas de Salmonella spp previamente aisladas de cuyes e identificadas por sus características metabólicas. Mediante el análisis molecular se identificaron todas las cepas como Salmonella Typhimurium, evidenciando la amplificación de los cebadores específicos para los genes invA y fliC pertenecientes al género Salmonella y Salmonella Typhimurium, respectivamente. El presente estudio permitió establecer una metodología rápida para la identificación molecular de Salmonella Typhimurium y Enteritidis aislados de cuyes.
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Nafisah, Aulia Erta, Bernadetta Octavia i Endang Gati Lestari. "Antibacterial Activity of Green Meniran Extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) on The Growth of Salmonella typhimurium". Indonesian Journal of Bioscience (IJOBI) 1, nr 2 (31.10.2023): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ijobi.v1i2.215.
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Salmonella typhimuriumis a bacterium that causes digestive infections, gastroenteritis, and food poisoning, psickcaused byBacterial infection is a health problem in developing countries, including Indonesia. Green meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.), is a herbaceous plant containing flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins which have antibacterial activity which is expected to suppress the development of Salmonella sp. The aim of the study was to determine the ability of green meniran extract as an antibacterial to inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhimurium bacteria. The study used a completely randomized factorial design consisting of two factors, namely extract concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 80%, equipped with a positive control (chloramphenicol) and negative control (aquades), as well as the age of the inoculum of the bacterial growth phase. Testing the antibacterial activity using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The results showed that green meniran extract had antibacterial activity against the growth of Salmonella typhimurium bacteria. Concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80% produced inhibition zone diameters of 6.7 mm, 8.5 mm, 9.9 mm, 12 mm, and 14.6 mm, respectively. The concentration of 80% green meniran extract is effective in inhibiting the growth of Salmonella typhimurium bacteria with an antibacterial effectiveness value of 58.95%.
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Loynachan, A. T., i D. L. Harris. "Dose Determination for Acute Salmonella Infection in Pigs". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, nr 5 (maj 2005): 2753–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.5.2753-2755.2005.
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ABSTRACT Pigs were exposed to various levels of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium by either intranasal inoculation or by subjecting them to a contaminated environment. More than 103 salmonellae were required to induce acute Salmonella infection. These results indicate that intervention against acute Salmonella infection in lairage may be more readily achieved than previously thought.
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KEITH, MELVINA. "Evaluation of an Automated Enzyme-Linked Fluorescent Immunoassay System for the Detection of Salmonellae in Foods". Journal of Food Protection 60, nr 6 (1.06.1997): 682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-60.6.682.
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An automated qualitative enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay was compared to a conventional method outlined in the FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual for the detection of salmonellae in artificially contaminated milk, whey, and carbohydrate-based products. The evaluation parameters included sensitivity and specificity using pure cultures of Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella tennessee, and Citrobacter freundii and mixtures of these species to address the effect of competing microflora. The overall detection rate of the conventional method was 97% compared to a detection rate of 96% for the automated system. The conventional method sensitivity rate was 97% for the detection of pure cultures of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella tennessee. The automated system sensitivity rate was 96%. The sensitivity rates in the presence of competing microflora for the conventional method and automated system were 96 and 95% respectively. Both the conventional and automated system specificity rates were 100% when challenged with pure cultures of Citrobacter only. Blackburn et al. (Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 19:32-36, 1994) had previously evaluated the VIDAS (Vitek Immuno Diagnostic Assay System) Salmonella Assay using pure cultures of salmonellae in laboratory media. This study addresses the use of the VIDAS for detecting salmonellae when examining complex food matrices.
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THOUAND, G., P. VACHON, S. LIU, M. DAYRE i M. W. GRIFFITHS. "Optimization and Validation of a Simple Method Using P22::luxAB Bacteriophage for Rapid Detection of Salmonella enterica Serotypes A, B, and D in Poultry Samples". Journal of Food Protection 71, nr 2 (1.02.2008): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.2.380.
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A simple method was developed for the fast and inexpensive detection of Salmonella Typhimurium using a recombinant P22::luxAB phage. All the steps from phage production to detection were considered. A strain of Salmonella Typhimurium harboring the prophage P22::luxAB was grown in batch culture to produce spontaneously the recombinant bacteriophage. Batch production to stationary phase was better for propagation of the phage and led to a total population of 4.3 × 109 (±4.3 × 109) PFU/ml of P22, including only 1.4 × 106 (±1 × 106) PFU/ml harboring the luxAB genes. After preenrichment, a simple four-step bioassay was tested and optimized for several parameters. The detection limit of the luminometer was only 5 × 102 (±1.75 × 102) CFU Salmonella Typhimurium per ml, but increased to 1.5 × 104 (±1.17 × 104) CFU Salmonella Typhimurium per ml when the cells were in a complex matrix. The detection limit after the preenrichment was 6.5 × 103 (±1.5 × 103) CFU Salmonella Typhimurium per ml, but the detection limit after the preenrichment also increased markedly to 1.65 × 105 (±0.15 × 105) CFU Salmonella Typhimurium per ml when Salmonella Typhimurium was in a complex matrix. Finally, the bioassay was applied to the detection of Salmonella Typhimurium LT2 in 14 different feed and environmental samples (including duck feed, litters, and feces) spiked either before or after the preenrichment process. It was possible to detect Salmonella Typhimurium LT2 in all samples within 16 h.
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AHN, JUHEE, SONGRAE KIM, LAE-SEUNG JUNG i DEBABRATA BISWAS. "In Vitro Assessment of the Susceptibility of Planktonic and Attached Cells of Foodborne Pathogens to Bacteriophage P22-Mediated Salmonella Lysates". Journal of Food Protection 76, nr 12 (1.12.2013): 2057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-183.
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This study was designed to evaluate the lytic activity of bacteriophage P22 against Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 19585 (Salmonella Typhimurium P22−) at various multiplicities of infections (MOIs), the susceptibility of preattached Salmonella cells against bacteriophage P22, and the effect of P22-mediated bacterial lysates (extracellular DNA) on the attachment ability of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli ATCC 700927 to surfaces. The numbers of attached Salmonella Typhimurium P22− cells were effectively reduced to below the detection limit (1 log CFU/ml) at the fixed inoculum levels of 3 × 102 CFU/ml (MOI = 3.12) and 3 × 103 CFU/ml (MOI = 4.12) by bacteriophage P22. The attached Salmonella Typhimurium P22− cells remained more than 2 log CFU/ml, with increasing inoculum levels from 3 × 104 to 3 × 107 CFU/ml infected with 4 × 108 PFU/ml of P22. The number of preattached Salmonella Typhimurium P22− cells was noticeably reduced by 2.72 log in the presence of P22. The highest specific attachment ability values for Salmonella Typhimurium P22−, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 23555 carrying P22 prophage (Salmonella Typhimurium P22+), L. monocytogenes, and enterohemorrhagic E. coli were 2.09, 1.06, 1.86, and 1.08, respectively, in the bacteriophage-mediated cell-free supernatants (CFS) containing high amounts of extracellular DNA. These results suggest that bacteriophages could potentially be used to effectively eliminate planktonic and preattached Salmonella Typhimurium P22− cells with increasing MOI. However, further research is needed to understand the role of bacteriophage-induced lysates in bacterial attachment, which can provide useful information for the therapeutic use of bacteriophage in the food system.
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Hermans, Armand P. H. M., Tjakko Abee, Marcel H. Zwietering i Henk J. M. Aarts. "Identification of Novel Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium DT104-Specific Prophage and Nonprophage Chromosomal Sequences among Serovar Typhimurium Isolates by Genomic Subtractive Hybridization". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, nr 9 (wrzesień 2005): 4979–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.9.4979-4985.2005.
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ABSTRACT Genomic subtractive hybridization was performed between Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 and DT104 to search for novel Salmonella serovar Typhimurium DT104-specific sequences. The subtraction resulted mainly in the isolation of DNA fragments with sequence similarity to phages. Two fragments identified were associated with possible virulence factors. One fragment was identical to irsA of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028, which is suggested to be involved in macrophage survival. The other fragment was homologous to HldD, an Escherichia coli O157:H7 lipopolysaccharide assembly-related protein. Five selected DNA fragments—irsA, the HldD homologue, and three fragments with sequence similarity to prophages—were tested for their presence in 17 Salmonella serovar Typhimurium DT104 isolates and 27 non-DT104 isolates by PCR. All five selected DNA fragments were Salmonella serovar Typhimurium DT104 specific among the serovar Typhimurium isolates tested. These DNA fragments can be useful for better detection and typing of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium DT104.
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Dunstan, Sarah J., Cameron P. Simmons i Richard A. Strugnell. "Use of In Vivo-Regulated Promoters To Deliver Antigens from Attenuated Salmonella enterica var. Typhimurium". Infection and Immunity 67, nr 10 (1.10.1999): 5133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.10.5133-5141.1999.
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ABSTRACT This study describes the construction and analysis of three in vivo-inducible promoter expression plasmids, containing pnirB, ppagC, and pkatG, for the delivery of foreign antigens in the ΔaroAD mutant ofSalmonella enterica var. Typhimurium (hereafter referred to as S. typhimurium). The reporter genes encoding β-galactosidase and firefly luciferase were used to assess the comparative levels of promoter activity in S. typhimuriumin vitro in response to different induction stimuli and in vivo in immunized mice. It was determined that the ppagC construct directed the expression of more β-galactosidase and luciferase inS. typhimurium than the pnirB and pkatG constructs, both in vitro and in vivo. The gene encoding the C fragment of tetanus toxin was expressed in thearoAD mutant of S. typhimurium (BRD509) under the control of the three promoters. Mice orally immunized with attenuated S. typhimurium expressing C fragment under control of the pagC promoter [BRD509(pKK/ppagC/C frag)] mounted the highest tetanus toxoid-specific serum antibody response. Levels of luciferase expression in vivo and C-fragment expression in vitro from thepagC promoter appeared to be equivalent to if not lower than the levels of expression detected with the constitutivetrc promoter. However, mice immunized with BRD509(pKK/ppagC/C frag) induced significantly higher levels of tetanus toxoid-specific antibody than BRD509(pKK/C frag)-immunized mice, suggesting that the specific location of foreign antigen expression may be important for immunogenicity. Mutagenesis of the ribosome binding sites (RBS) in the three promoter/C fragment expression plasmids was also performed. Despite optimization of the RBS in the three different promoter elements, the expression levels in vivo and overall immunogenicity of C fragment when delivered to mice by attenuated S. typhimurium were not affected. These studies suggest that in vivo-inducible promoters may give rise to enhanced immunogenicity and increase the efficacy of S. typhimuriumas a vaccine vector.
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SINGH, BHOJ RAJ, MUDIT CHANDRA i RAVIKANT AGARWAL. "Interaction of Salmonella enterica Subspecies enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Mung Bean (Phaseolus aureus) Plants". Journal of Food Protection 68, nr 3 (1.03.2005): 476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.3.476.
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The effect of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium, a zoonotic serovar, on mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) cultivar Pant Mung-3 plants was studied. Inoculation of mung bean seeds with Salmonella Typhimurium (7.2 × 105 CFU/ml) reduced sprouting rate (P < 0.07). This effect was more pronounced at higher levels of contamination. In the soil inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium (7.2 × 106 CFU/g), germination was retarded and the number of defective sprouts was also significantly higher (P < 0.002). Salmonella Typhimurium grew inside germinating seeds and plant tissues and persisted in seedlings, adult plants, and harvested seedlings dried and stored at room temperature (30°C) up to 45 days. Phaseolus aureus plants grown in sterile soil was resistant to Salmonella Typhimurium infection at 15 days of age and cleared Salmonella from all the aerial parts within 3 h of infection. However, Salmonella Typhimurium could be reisolated from the basal area of the stem and from soil even after 45 days of exposure to the pathogen.
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Davies, Peter Robert, Frank Gerardus Elisabeth Maria Bovee, Julie Ann Funk, William Edward Morgan Morrow, Frank T. Jones i John Deen. "Isolation of Salmonella serotypes from feces of pigs raised in a multiple-site production system". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 212, nr 12 (15.06.1998): 1925–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1998.212.12.1925.
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Objective To determine the prevalence and serotypes of Salmonella organisms in feces of pigs raised in a modern, multiple-site production system. Design Cross-sectional study of prevalence. Sample Population Swine housed on 7 farms (1 gilt development farm, 2 breeding farms, 1 nursery farm, and 3 finishing farms) that formed a multiple-site production system. Procedure Fecal samples were obtained from 792 pigs (96 to 202/farm) and submitted for bacteriologic culture of Salmonella organisms. Results Salmonellae were isolated from pigs on all 7 farms and from 95 of 792 (12%) fecal samples. Prevalence ranged from 3.4% at the gilt development farm to 18 and 22% at the breeding farms. Serotypes identified were Salmonella derby, S typhimurium var. Copenhagen, S heidelberg, S typhimurium, S mbandaka, S worthington, and S tennessee. No single serotype was not isolated from all the farms of the production system and the most prevalent serotypes at the 3 finishing farms (S typhimurium or S typhimurium var. Copenhagen) were not isolated from the breeding or nursery farms. Clinical Implications Upstream infection (pigs infected before arriving at finishing farms) appears to be an unimportant source of Salmonella infection of finished hogs in multiple-site systems. High prevalence of Salmonella shedding in breeding animals suggests that food products derived from culled breeding livestock may be an important source of foodborne disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212:1925–1929)
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Michaelsen, R., F. M. Cardoso, R. N. Schneider, F. A. de Mello, R. M. G. Esteves, M. S. Vilanova i V. Schmidt. "SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM EM LINFONODOS MESENTÉRICOS DE OVINOS AO ABATE". Arquivos do Instituto Biológico 78, nr 1 (marzec 2011): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657v78p0972011.
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RESUMO O rebanho de ovinos no Brasil está estimado em mais de 16 milhões de cabeças. Embora o consumo da carne desta espécie ainda seja pequeno, comparado ao de outros países, o consumo de carne, inclusive ovina, tem sido associado às doenças transmitidas por alimentos, em especial a salmonelose. No presente estudo, investigou-se a ocorrência de salmonelas em linfonodos mesentéricos e conteúdo intestinal de 175 ovinos ao abate. “Pools” constituído por cinco amostras de contéudo fecal ou 5 amostras de linfonodos de 25 g foram pre-enriquecidos em 250 mL de água peptonada tamponada e incubados a 37° C por 18-24 horas. Uma alíquota de 0,1 mL do pré-enriquecimento foi transferida para 9,9 mL de caldo de enriquecimento Rappaport-Vassiliadis e 1,0 mL do pré-enriquecimento foi transferido para 10 mL de caldo tetrationato Muller-Kaufmann, incubados a 42° C for 24h. 10 μL do caldo de enriquecimento foi semeado superfície de placas de ágar BPLS e ágar XLT4 incubadas a 37º C for 24-48h. Colônias suspeitas de salmonela foram testadas por provas bioquímicas e serologicas. Os testes bioquímicos utilizados para identificação de Salmonella foram TSI (triple sugar iron àgar), LIA (lysine iron àgar) e ágar ureia. Sorotipagem foi realizada no Laboratório de Enterobactérias do Instituto Osvaldo Cruz. Isolou-se Salmonella Tiphymurium de um pool de linfonodos mesentéricos, provenientes de cinco animais. O fato de se observar a ocorrência de salmonela em ovino portador sadio alerta para necessidade de monitorar este micro-organismo também nesta espécie, especialmente quando destinada ao abate, com vistas à produção de alimentos seguros.
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Mulaw, Guesh, Diriba Muleta, Anteneh Tesfaye i Tesfaye Sisay. "Protective Effect of Potential Probiotic Strains from Fermented Ethiopian Food against Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in Mice". International Journal of Microbiology 2020 (14.04.2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7523629.
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Salmonella is one of the most harmful pathogens responsible for foodborne outbreaks, illnesses and deaths. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of potentially probiotic strains against Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in mice. The compatibility test among the selected potential probiotic strains (Lactobacillus plantarum K132, Lactobacillus paracasei K114 and Lactococcus lactis E124) using the cross-streaking method showed the absence of antagonism. The anti-Salmonella activities of coculture of the isolated potential probiotics in the form of mixed or single culture showed a remarkable anti-Salmonella activity with 96.50 to 100% growth inhibition. The combination of strains, which showed the highest growth inhibition rates against Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, was used to test their effect on the colonization of mice by Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. White albino male mice were pretreated with the mixed potential probiotics for 7 days and infected with Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 for 1 day. A total of 3 treatments were applied, during which the negative control group was treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); a positive control group (typ) was challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 alone. The treated group (pro-typ) was pretreated with mixed potential probiotic culture and then infected with Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. The survival rate of mice and counts of Salmonella in feces were recorded. The survival rate of mice on day 21 after the oral challenge with Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 was significantly p<0.05 higher in the experimental pro-typ group (100% survival) compared with the positive control group (20% survival). The counts (colony-forming unit per ml) of Salmonella in feces were significantly lower p<0.05 for the pro-typ group compared to the typ group. The combination of potential probiotic strains was able to protect mice against Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 infection that demonstrates their potential to be used as probiotic cultures for the production of functional fermented products.
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Gulig, Paul A. "Virulence plasmids of Salmonella typhimurium and other salmonellae". Microbial Pathogenesis 8, nr 1 (styczeń 1990): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0882-4010(90)90003-9.
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Fernandes, Sueli Aparecida, Ana Terezinha Tavechio, Suzel N. Neme, Chifumi T. Calzada, Angela Maria G. Dias, Leda K. Nakahara, Jose Carlos de Oliveira, Kinue Irino i Augusto E. Taunay. "Marcadores epidemiológicos de Salmonella typhimurium e Salmonella agona". Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 34, nr 2 (kwiecień 1992): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651992000200003.
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Entre as cepas de S. typhimurium e S. agona isoladas no período 1971-1987 foram caracterizados os biotipos, colicinotipos e antibiotipos de 734 cepas de S. typhimurium e 631 de S. agona. As 734 cepas de S. typhimurium foram classificadas em 65 biotipos com o predomínio dos biotipos 1a com 28,34%, 1b com 29,84% e 9bi com 18,25%. Com relação a S. agona, o biotipo 1a com 87,16% representou entre nós o clone amplamente disseminado. Foram encontradas freqüências baixas de cepas colicinogênicas, entretanto, a colicinotipia parece ser um bom método quando aplicada ao estudo de amostras homogêneas provenientes de surtos. Acentuada multirresistência aos agentes antimicrobianos, foi observada principalmente entre aquelas cepas de origem humana quase sempre representadas por cepas hospitalares
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Wang, Renjie, Senlin Li, Hai Jia, Xuemeng Si, Yan Lei, Jirong Lyu, Zhaolai Dai i Zhenlong Wu. "Protective Effects of Cinnamaldehyde on the Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in Liver of Salmonella typhimurium-Challenged Mice". Molecules 26, nr 8 (16.04.2021): 2309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082309.
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Salmonella typhimurium infection is associated with gastrointestinal disorder and cellular injury in the liver of both humans and animals. Cinnamaldehyde, the main component of essential oil from cinnamon, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic effects. However, it remains unknown whether cinnamaldehyde can alleviate Salmonella typhimurium infection-induced liver injury in mice. In the present study, we found that cinnamaldehyde attenuated Salmonella typhimurium-induced body weight loss, the increase of organ (liver and spleen) indexes, hepatocyte apoptosis, and the mortality rate in mice. Further study showed that cinnamaldehyde significantly alleviated Salmonella typhimurium-induced liver injury as shown by activities of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and myeloperoxidase, as well as malondialdehyde. The increased mRNA level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and chemokines (CCL2 and CCL3) induced by Salmonella typhimurium were significantly abolished by cinnamaldehyde supplementation. These alterations were associated with a regulatory effect of cinnamaldehyde on TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88. 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that Salmonella typhimurium infection led to upregulation of the abundances of genera Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Alistipes, Muribaculum, and Prevotellaceae UCG-001, and downregulation of the abundances of genera Lactobacillus, Enterorhabdus, and Eggerthellaceae (unclassified). These alterations were reversed by cinnamaldehyde supplementation. In conclusion, cinnamaldehyde attenuated the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the liver of Salmonella typhimurium-infected mice. Supplementation of cinnamaldehyde might be a preventive strategy to alleviate liver injury caused by Salmonella typhimurium infection in humans and animals.
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HUME, M. E., D. J. NISBET, S. A. BUCKLEY, R. L. ZIPRIN, R. C. ANDERSON i L. H. STANKER. "Inhibition of In Vitro Salmonella Typhimurium Colonization in Porcine Cecal Bacteria Continuous-Flow Competitive Exclusion Cultures†". Journal of Food Protection 64, nr 1 (1.01.2001): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-64.1.17.
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Continuous-flow (CF) chemostate cultures were used as models to determine the potential usefulness of undefined porcine cecal bacteria as competitive exclusion (CE) cultures against colonization by Salmonella Typhimurium. One culture, pCF1, was derived from cecal bacteria of an animal maintained on antibiotic-free feed, while the other culture, pCF4, was derived from cecal bacteria of an animal maintained on feed containing chlortetracycline. The effectiveness against a chlortetracycline-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium was examined in CF cultures maintained in the absence (pCF1 and pCF4) and presence (cpCF1 and cpCF4) of chlortetracycline. CF cultures were inoculated with each of 102, 104, and 106 Salmonella Typhimurium CFU/ml. Chemostat inocula of 102 Salmonella CFU/ml resulted in no Salmonella Typhimurium being detected at 2 and 3 days postinoculation in pCF1 and pCF4, respectively, and after 2 days in both cpCF1 and cpCF4. Inoculations of 104 Salmonella Typhimurium CFU/ml resulted in clearance from pCF1 and pCF4 within 4 days and within 3 days from cpCF1 and cpCF4. Following inoculation with 106 CFU/ml, no Salmonella Typhimurium were detected in all CF cultures by 6 days postinoculation. The results indicated that in vitro CF cultures of porcine cecal bacteria were able to inhibit the growth of Salmonella Typhimurium. The ability to limit Salmonella Typhimurium growth was not restricted by prior exposure of the cecal bacteria to the feed additive chlortetracycline. The present study demonstrates the potential application of CF cultures as models to aid in the identification of CE cultures against salmonellosis in pigs.
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BERRANG, M. E., J. S. BAILEY, S. F. ALTEKRUSE, W. K. SHAW, B. L. PATEL, R. J. MEINERSMANN i P. J. FEDORKA-CRAY. "Prevalence, Serotype, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella on Broiler Carcasses Postpick and Postchill in 20 U.S. Processing Plants†". Journal of Food Protection 72, nr 8 (1.08.2009): 1610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.8.1610.
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The objective of this study was to measure the effect of broiler processing on the prevalence, serotype, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of salmonellae. Twenty U.S. commercial processing plants representing eight integrators in 13 states were included in the survey. In each of four replications, 10 carcasses from one flock were collected at rehang and 10 more carcasses were collected at postchill; each carcass was sampled by whole-carcass rinse. Salmonella organisms were isolated from carcass rinses by standard cultural techniques, serotypes were determined, and the resistance to 15 antimicrobials was measured. Overall, Salmonella was detected on 72% of carcasses at rehang (ranging from 35 to 97%) and on 20% of carcasses postchill (ranging from 2.5 to 60%). In every instance, a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in Salmonella prevalence was noted between rehang and postchill. The four most common serotypes, accounting for 64% of all Salmonella isolates, were Kentucky, Heidelberg, Typhimurium, and Typhimurium var. 5−; most isolates of Kentucky (52%), Heidelberg (79%), and Typhimurium (54%) serotypes were susceptible to all antimicrobial drugs tested. However, only 15% of the Typhimurium var. 5− isolates were pansusceptible; more than one-half of the isolates of this serotype were resistant to three or more drugs. No isolate of any serotype exhibited resistance to amikacin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. These data demonstrate that although processing lessens carcass contamination with Salmonella, antimicrobial-resistant isolates may still be present.
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Lissner, C. R., D. L. Weinstein i A. D. O'Brien. "Mouse chromosome 1 Ity locus regulates microbicidal activity of isolated peritoneal macrophages against a diverse group of intracellular and extracellular bacteria." Journal of Immunology 135, nr 1 (1.07.1985): 544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.135.1.544.
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Abstract The genotype of a mouse influences whether or not it will survive infection with the agent of murine typhoid, Salmonella typhimurium. The best-characterized murine salmonella response gene is a Chromosome 1 locus designated Ity. Inbred strains of mice that express the Itys allele are unable to contain the net growth of Salmonella typhimurium within their spleens and livers, and usually die early in the infection. By contrast, mice homozygous or heterozygous for the Ityr allele are able to control the net multiplication of Salmonella typhimurium within these organs. The Ity gene also appears to regulate the extent of replication within murine reticuloendothelial cell tissues of the obligate intracellular parasite Leishmania donovani, as well as the facultative intracellular bacteria Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium lepraemurium. Previous studies from our laboratory strongly suggested that Ityr mice are more resistant to S. typhimurium infection than are Itys mice, because resident Ityr macrophages kill salmonellae more efficiently than do Itys macrophages. In this study, we used an in vitro macrophage assay to assess the specificity of the enhanced killing capacity of Ityr macrophages. We found that Ityr macrophages were better able than Itys macrophages to kill both intracellular bacteria (Salmonella typhi) and extracellular bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae). Thus, the diversity of organisms affected by Ity expression suggests that the product of this gene may play a key regulatory role in the initial interaction of mice with a variety of microbial agents.
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Stecher, Bärbel, Andrew J. Macpherson, Siegfried Hapfelmeier, Marcus Kremer, Thomas Stallmach i Wolf-Dietrich Hardt. "Comparison of Salmonellaenterica Serovar Typhimurium Colitis in Germfree Mice and Mice Pretreated with Streptomycin". Infection and Immunity 73, nr 6 (czerwiec 2005): 3228–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.6.3228-3241.2005.
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ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica subspecies 1 serovar Typhimurium is a common cause of bacterial enterocolitis. Mice are generally protected from Salmonella serovar Typhimurium colonization and enterocolitis by their resident intestinal microflora. This phenomenon is called “colonization resistance” (CR). Two murine Salmonella serovar Typhimurium infection models are based on the neutralization of CR: (i) in specific-pathogen-free mice pretreated with streptomycin (StrSPF mice) antibiotics disrupt the intestinal microflora; and (ii) germfree (GF) mice are raised without any intestinal microflora, but their intestines show distinct physiologic and immunologic characteristics. It has been unclear whether the same pathogenetic mechanisms trigger Salmonella serovar Typhimurium colitis in GF and StrSPF mice. In this study, we compared the two colitis models. In both of the models Salmonella serovar Typhimurium efficiently colonized the large intestine and triggered cecum and colon inflammation starting 8 h postinfection. The type III secretion system encoded in Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 was essential in both disease models. Thus, Salmonella serovar Typhimurium colitis is triggered by similar pathogenetic mechanisms in StrSPF and GF mice. This is remarkable considering the distinct physiological properties of the GF mouse gut. One obvious difference was more pronounced damage and reduced regenerative response of the cecal epithelium in GF mice. Overall, StrSPF mice and GF mice provide similar but not identical models for Salmonella serovar Typhimurium colitis.
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SCHERER, KATHRIN, ISTVÁN SZABÓ, UWE RÖSLER, BERND APPEL, ANDREAS HENSEL i KARSTEN NÖCKLER. "Time Course of Infection with Salmonella Typhimurium and Its Influence on Fecal Shedding, Distribution in Inner Organs, and Antibody Response in Fattening Pigs". Journal of Food Protection 71, nr 4 (1.04.2008): 699–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.4.699.
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This is the first longitudinal study conducted over the entire 5-month fattening period in pigs to investigate the infection dynamics of Salmonella Typhimurium and the association between antibody response and the prevalence of these bacteria in feces. A total of 16 weaning pigs were infected with Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 followed by clinical examination and blood and fecal sampling until slaughter 138 days postinoculation. To investigate fecal shedding rates and distribution patterns of Salmonella in internal organs regarding premortem stress, one group of swine was transported before slaughter; the other group was slaughtered without being transported. A positive correlation between bacteremia-associated fever and fecal shedding rate was observed, although 69% (11 of 16) of infected pigs had no diarrhea. All animals excreted Salmonella Typhimurium at high levels within 2 weeks postinoculation; thereafter, the number of positive pigs declined and Salmonella shedding became intermittent. In contrast, the proportion of pigs that tested seropositive was higher over the entire fattening period (except during the first 3 weeks postinoculation), revealing the advantage of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Salmonella screening on herd level. Concerning the distribution in internal organs and cross-contamination during slaughter, the highest level of Salmonella was detected in tonsils and jejunal and ileocecal lymph nodes, whereas salmonellae could not be detected in muscle, spleen, and liver. No specific influence of transport-induced stress on Salmonella shedding rates in feces and distribution patterns in organs was observed.
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LIN, JER-SHENG, i HAU-YANG TSEN. "Development and Use of Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Specific Detection of Salmonella Typhimurium in Stool and Food Samples". Journal of Food Protection 62, nr 10 (1.10.1999): 1103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.10.1103.
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Salmonella Typhimurium is one of the most important Salmonella serovars that may cause foodborne disease and human salmonellosis infection. Detection of this organism in the clinical samples of persons with gastroenteritis and the food samples associated with such persons may allow us to trace the cause of disease. Because malic acid dehydrogenase, an enzyme of the citric acid cycle, is common to organisms, the gene (mdh) coding for this enzyme was selected for the design of Salmonella Typhimurium-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers. By comparison of the mdh gene sequences of Salmonella Typhimurium and other Salmonella serotypes and of some isolates of other genera, two oligonucleotides were designed and used as PCR primers for the specific detection of Salmonella Typhimurium. The molecular weight of the PCR product was 261 bp as expected. Salmonella serovars other than Salmonella Typhimurium and isolates of other genera in the Enterobacteriaceae that is closely related to Salmonella did not generate any false-positive results. When this primer pair was used for the detection of Salmonella Typhimurium cells artificially inoculated into human stool specimens and food samples, such as milk and raw chicken meat, levels as low as 100 CFU per 0.1 g of stool specimen or per ml of milk or food homogenate could be detected if an 8- to 12-h preculture step using combined lactose-tetrathionate broth was performed prior to the PCR.
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Šišák, F., H. Havlíčková, R. Karpíšková i I. Rychlík. "Prevalence of Salmonellae and their resistance to antibiotics in slaughtered pigs in the Czech Republic". Czech Journal of Food Sciences 22, No. 6 (16.11.2011): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3428-cjfs.
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Salmonella prevalence was assessed in 816 pigs from fifteen herds which were slaughtered in ten slaughterhouses from June 2001 to December 2002. No Salmonellae were isolated in pigs from eight herds in four slaughterhouses. Salmonella prevalence in pigs originating from the other seven herds ranged from 2.0% to 12.0%. The most frequent site of Salmonella isolation was caecum (2.45%). This finding is statistically significant (P < 0.01) as compared to those obtained with mesenteric lymph nodes (0.73%) and carcass swabs (0.12%). Salmonellae were not found in samples from the environments (n = 197). A total of 27 Salmonella isolates were classified into serotypes S. infantis (n = 8), S. typhimurium (n = 5), S. agona (n = 4), S. kaapstad (n = 4), S. derby (n = 3), S. bredeney (n = 2), and S. london (n = 1). All five S. typhimurium DT 104 were resistant to the phenotype ACSSuT. Resistance genes bla<sub>PSE-1</sub>, floR, aadA2, sul1, and tetG were identified in all pentaresistant strains. One strain of S. derby was resistant to gentamicin, streptomycin and sulphonamides. The other Salmonella isolates were sensitive to all antibiotics tested.
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Salih, Shahlaa M., Manhal F. A. Albarghash i Saddam Y. D. Joubori. "Immune Enhancing Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri in Mice Infected with Salmonella typhimurium". Journal of Biotechnology Research Center 8, nr 3 (1.09.2014): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2014.8.3.365.
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This study was carried out to assess the protective immune effect of mixed culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri in mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium. Parameters of evaluation were total and absolute count of leukocyte and phagocytosis. Fifteen albino mice divided into five groups and designated as follows: CG used as negative control, SG was infected with 0.1 ml Salmonella typhimurium 2.5×107 cfu/ml and used as a positive control, AC was treated with 0.1ml Lactobacillus acidophilus 1×109 cfu/ml and infected with Salmonella typhimurium 2.5×107 cfu/ml, GG was doused with Lactobacillus gasseri and infected with Salmonella typhimurium, AG was fed with 0.1 ml mixed culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri 1×109 cfu/ml and infected with Salmonella typhimurium 2.5×107 cfu/ml. Results indicated that mice treated with viable Lb.acidophilus and Lb.gasseri showed a significant protective immune effect compared with positive and negative control, while mice fed with mixed culture of Lb.acidophilus and Lb.gasseri exhibited less protective effect against Salmonella typhimurium compared with groups fed with monoculture of Lactobacillus.
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DANYLUK, MICHELLE D., TONG ZHAO i MICHAEL P. DOYLE. "Competitive Inhibition Bacteria of Bovine Origin against Salmonella Serovars". Journal of Food Protection 70, nr 8 (1.08.2007): 1804–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.8.1804.
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Studies were conducted to isolate bacteria inhibitory to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive type (DT) 104 in vitro from cattle not carrying Salmonella and to determine the inhibitory activity of the isolated bacteria through competitive growth in cattle feces artificially contaminated with Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 and S. enterica serovar Newport. Fecal samples (108) were obtained from dairy and beef cows. S. enterica serovars were isolated from 9.25% of the samples and included Salmonella Newport (4), Salmonella Bareilly (1), Salmonella Mbandaka (1), Salmonella Montevideo (1), Salmonella Meleagridis (1), and monophasic Salmonella (2). All four Salmonella Newport isolates were resistant to at least nine antibiotics. Of 1,097 bacterial isolates from cattle feces screened, 30 were inhibitory to Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in vitro. The inhibitory isolates included 22 Escherichia coli, 6 Bacillus circulans, 1 Serratia fonticola, and 1 Enterobacter cloacae. Typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed 17 distinguishable profiles among the 22 E. coli. Competitive inhibition isolates did not significantly reduce Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 during 21 days of storage at 37°C in cattle feces. B. circulans (105 CFU/g of inoculum) significantly reduced Salmonella Newport on days 3 and 5 and on day 21 with 108 CFU/g of inoculum at 37°C. At 21°C, significant reductions of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 occurred with 108 CFU of gram-negative competitive inhibition bacteria per g and 105 CFU of B. circulans per g on day 5 only. No significant reductions were observed with Salmonella Newport at 21°C. The 25 competitive inhibition bacteria identified in this study offer a first step in identifying competitive inhibition bacteria that may reduce the level of intestinal carriage and fecal shedding of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 and Salmonella Newport in cattle.
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Cawthorne, Amy, Pasquale Galetta, Marco Massari, Anna Maria Dionisi, Emma Filetici i Ida Luzzi. "Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, Italy". Emerging Infectious Diseases 12, nr 8 (sierpień 2006): 1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.050968.
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Giessing, Markus, Egbert Baumgart, Severin Lenk i Stefan A. Loening. "Salmonella typhimurium prostatic abscess". AIDS 17, nr 3 (luty 2003): 449–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200302140-00024.
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Chadwick, David, Tandra Mitra i Yih Yian Sitoh. "Salmonella typhimurium brain abscess". Lancet 363, nr 9413 (marzec 2004): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(04)15789-9.
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Mahlfeld, K., J. Franke i H. Gra�hoff. "Spondylodiszitis durch Salmonella typhimurium". Der Unfallchirurg 106, nr 4 (1.04.2003): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00113-002-0558-5.
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Imre, A., F. Olasz i B. Nagy. "Development of a pcr system for the characterisation of Salmonella flagellin genes". Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 53, nr 2 (1.04.2005): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.53.2005.2.2.
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Analysis of flagellin genes was carried out on strains of Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Hadar, Salmonella Abortusequi, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Gallinarum serovars, using a PCR system designed in this study. The purpose of these studies was to explore the flagellin genes of biphasic and monophasic Salmonellae for future targeted genetic interventions. The PCR primers were designed for two different structural genes of flagellin (fliC, fljB), for the repressor of fliC (fljA), for the operator region of fliC, and for the invertase system responsible for phase variation in Salmonella (hin, hixL, hixR). PCR analysis revealed that all of the examined genes (fliC, fliC-operator, fljB, fljA, hin, hixL, hixR) were present in all S. Typhimurium (n = 10)and S. Hadar (n = 10) strains tested. The results obtained on S. Typhimurium and S. Hadar strains confirmed their biphasic character at DNA level. However, the S. Enteritidis (n = 46) and S. Gallinarum (n = 5) strains lacked the invertase system (hin, hixL, hixR) as well as the fljA and fljB genes, while fliC and its operator were detectable. Consequently, the S. Enteritidis strains could only express fliC gene resulting in phase H1 flagellin. The examined S. Gallinarum strains were also demonstrated to have a cryptic flagellin gene (fliC). On the other hand, PCR results on S. Abortusequi (n = 2) indicated that both flagellin genes (fliC, fljB) and the whole phase variation system were present in both strains tested but only the H2 phase gene (fljB) was expressed. The phenotype of these strains could be clarified by motility test and/or by classical flagellar serology. The findings are also substantiated by the results of serovar-specific PCR for S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. In conclusion, the PCR system developed in this study proved to be suitable for characterisation of Salmonella flagellin genes and confirmed serological results regarding all S. Typhimurium, S. Hadar and S. Enteritidis strains. This system could also identify cryptic flagellar genes of S. Abortusequi and S. Gallinarum.
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Kadry, Mona, Sara Mohamed Nader, Sohad M. Dorgham i Mai M. Kandil. "Molecular diversity of the invA gene obtained from human and egg samples". July-2019 12, nr 7 (lipiec 2019): 1033–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1033-1038.
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Background and Aim: Salmonellosis is one of the most common foodborne bacterial diseases in the world. The great majority of Salmonella infections in humans are foodborne with Salmonella enterica and Salmonella Typhimurium accounting for a major part of the problem. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of invA gene in strains of Salmonellae isolated from eggs and diarrheal swabs from human cases. In addition, the relationship between invA gene nucleotide sequences from different sources (human stool and egg samples) have been studied through phylogenetic tree. Materials and Methods: One hundred and seventy eggs (eggshell and its contents) and 160 stool swabs samples were collected from four poultry farms and medical hospital in Giza Governorate. Results: The study reported the presence of two Salmonella strains in eggshell surface with an overall isolation rate of 1.2 and 0% of the egg content. Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium were isolated from eggshell surface with an incidence of 50% for each strain. Six salmonella strains were isolated from human stool with an incidence of 3.75%; the isolated strains are S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, Salmonella Virchow, Salmonella Haifa, and Salmonella Kentucky with an incidence of 33.3%, 16.6%, 16.6%, 16.6%, and 16.6%, respectively. Among eight Salmonella strains, invA gene was detected with percentage of 50%. The phylogenetic analysis of the sequences invA gene, from two isolates included in this study and five isolates retrieved from GenBank showed that sequence from human, layer hens, egg, and water in the same clusters. Conclusion: Close relation between drinking contaminated water and layer hens and contaminated water is one such source.
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ZHENG, RUISHENG, TONG ZHAO, YEN-CON HUNG i KOUSHIK ADHIKARI. "Evaluation of Bactericidal Effects of Phenyllactic Acid on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium on Beef Meat". Journal of Food Protection 82, nr 12 (6.11.2019): 2016–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-217.
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ABSTRACT Bactericidal effects of various concentrations of phenyllactic acid on Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC), including E. coli O157:H7, O26:H11, O103:H2, and O121:H19, and on Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in pure culture and microplates assays were studied. Beef cuts were surface sprayed with phenyllactic acid or lactic acid for inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium. The 1.5% phenyllactic acid inactivated all inoculated E. coli O157:H7, O26:H11, O103:H2, and O121:H19 and Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 (>6-log reduction) within 1 min of contact at 21°C, whereas 1.5% lactic acid did not result in microbial reduction. Microplate assays (for STEC and Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 at 10 to 100 CFU per well) indicated that concentrations of 0.25% phenyllactic acid or 0.25% lactic acid inhibited the growth of STEC and Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Treatment of beef with 1.5% lactic acid or 1.5% phenyllactic acid reduced E. coli O157:H7 by 0.22 and 0.38 log CFU/cm2, respectively, within 5 min and reduced Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 by 0.12 and 0.86 log CFU/cm2, respectively. When meat treated with 1.5% phenyllactic acid was frozen at −20°C, inactivation of E. coli O157 and Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 was enhanced by 1.06 and 1.46 log CFU/cm2, respectively. Thus, treatment of beef with 1.5% phenyllactic acid significantly reduced the population of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. HIGHLIGHTS
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Cordelia Enyanwu, Ofaka,. "Plasmid Profile of Environmental and Clinical Isolates of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium from Patients Attending General Hospital Asokoro, Abuja and Environ". TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 11, nr 2 (30.06.2023): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.11.02.art009.
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Plasmid is isolated from Salmonella typhimurium, an enteric bacterium responsible for gastro enteritis. Gastro enteritis remains a major clinical and public health problem all over the world, especially among children in the developing countries of the sub – Sahara Africa. The profiling of plasmid isolate of Salmonella typhimurium involved cultivation, isolation, identification, and characterization. The study aimed at investigating the multidrug resistance of salmonella typhimurium of patients attending General Hospital Asokoro with typhoid fever and the susceptibility of isolates to antibiotics. A total of thirty (30) samples, from blood, stool, and water were collected from patients attending General hospital, Asokoro and the environs. The specimens were analyzed using standard microbiological, biochemical, and serological techniques. Bacteriological analysis revealed that twenty-five (25) of the specimens were positive for Salmonella typhimurium. The other five (5) specimens were negative for salmonella typhymurium typhimurium. The biochemical test revealed that they were able to utilize sugar and are lactose fermenter. Anti-microbial susceptibility determination revealed that the most active drugs against salmonella include Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Amikacin, and Gentamicin. All the isolates were resistant to tetracycline and Ampicillin. There was marked resistance of all isolates to amoxicillin, doxycycline, and chloramphenicol. The result of findings revealed that the genes that encode resistance properties in Salmonella typhimurium are plasmid- borne in some of the bacteria. These plasmids can be cloned and used for genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology. The antibiotic susceptibility determined the appropriate drugs efficient for therapy of Salmonella infections. Keywords: Antibiotic Susceptibility, Drug Resistance, Salmonella typhimurium, Plasmid.