Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Sally (Brig)”
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Ntabathia, Jude. "Mapjack: A Mobile Wiki for Collaborative Map Making". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing 2 (14.10.2014): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/hcomp.v2i1.13214.
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Volunteered geographic information has introduced new forms of user generated content. Sadly, the generation of such content is not inclusive. There is need to improve not only tools but also social processes to bring about more inclusivity in participation.
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Stein, Laura. "Remarks by Laura Stein". Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 111 (2017): 192–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2017.120.
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Sally, what you said actually really resonates a lot and I do think that the lawyers both in and outside of law firms around the globe that my company engages, as well as lawyers on our legal team who have responsibility, either for different substantive areas or different parts of the world, also play that bridge, because I think, Hannah, you said at the outset, and, Dr. Hall, your paper also showed kind of the increased complexity and overlap of so many issues involving transnational law, that you really need not just the expertise but frequently how you bring the different pieces of expertise together, internally and externally, to bear on creating a solution to either a problem or driving business opportunities.
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Kastowo, Aryo Iguh. "LA RELATION INTERTEXTUELLE DES TROIS CONTES DANS HISTOIRES OU CONTES DU TEMPS PASSÉ PAR CHARLES PERRAULT ET DANS LE CONTEUR AMOUREUX PAR BRUNO DE LA SALLE: UNE ÉTUDE INTERTEXTUELLE SELON LA PENSÉE DE JULIA KRISTEVA. MÉMOIRE". Lingua Litteratia Journal 6, nr 1 (12.06.2019): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ll.v6i1.30873.
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Cette recherche a pour but de décrire les éléments intertextuels sous forme: (1) d’allusion, (2) d’adaptation, (3) d’indication, et (4) de citation dans les trois contes de Bruno de la Salle qui font appel à ceux de Charles Perrault. Cette étude a utilisé la théorie d’intertextualité de Julia Kristeva sur le plan du modèle d’analyse micro-intertextuel.Les objets matériels de cette étude sont trois contes de Bruno de la Salle, à savoir Le Prince Tout Bleui, Le Chat Qui Vient d’On Ne Sait Où, Petit Caillou et Brin de Laine qui ont été écrites en 1995 dans l’anthologie Le Conteur Amoureux, et trois autres contes de Charles Perrault intitulés La Barbe Bleue, Le Maître Chat ou Le Chat Botté, Le Petit Poucet paru en 1697 dans l’anthologie Histoires ou Contes du Temps Passé.Cette recherche se sert de la méthode comparative-qualitative. Quant à la technique d’analyse utilisée dans cette recherche est celle de la comparaison intertextuelle.Les résultats de cette recherche sont (1) la relation intertextuelle entre Le Prince Tout Bleui et La Barbe Bleue est marquée par la présence d’éléments intertextuels sous forme de 1 allusion, 2 adaptations, 6 indications, et 2 citations; (2) la relation intertextuelle entre Le Chat Qui Vient d’On Ne Sait Où et Le Maître Chat ou Le Chat Botté est marquée par la présence d’éléments intertextuels sous forme de 2 allusions, 2 adaptations, 3 indications, et 1 citation; et (3) la relation intertextuelle entre Petit Caillou et Brin de Laine et Le Petit Poucet est marquée par la présence d’éléments intertextuels sous forme de 1 allusion, 2 adaptations, 3 indications, et 2 citations.Cette étude est délimitée sur les éléments textuels, notamment sous forme d’allusion, d’adaptation, d’indication, et de citation qui se trouvent dans trois contes de Bruno de la Salle en les reliant à ceux de Charles Perrault. Basée sur cette recherche, le chercheur espère que les lecteurs pouvaient appliquer la théorie de l’intertextualité initiée par Julia Kristeva en utilisant d’autres modèles d’analyses intertextuels sur d’autres genres littérair
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Petre, Ligiana Mihaela, i Bianca Nicoleta Vatasescu. "According, against, and above dietary norms: a key to understanding the relationship between personality style and taste preferences". PeerJ 7 (6.12.2019): e8198. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8198.
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Background Understanding individual food preferences is critical for creating tailored strategies that promote healthy individual eating behaviors. Individual sensory liking appears to be an essential determinant of dietary intake. Taste preferences influence satisfaction and satiety, and may consequently influence weight status and psychological adjustment. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between taste preferences (sweet, salty, sweet & fatty, salty & fatty) and personality features. Methods The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) was used for the assessment of personality traits and PrefQuest (PQ) was used for measuring recalled food preferences. A total of 137 participants were included in the study. The relationship between compulsive and antisocial features and taste preferences was assessed by hierarchical multiple linear regression, while controlling for age, gender, BMI, marital status, and educational level. Results The antisocial personality traits were a negative explanatory variable for sweet & fatty taste preference, R2 = .15, t(132) = − 2.40, p = .018, 95% [−.57, −.06] and salty & fatty taste preference, R2 = .16, t(133) = − 2.38, p = .019, 95% [−.07, −.01], while controlling for anthropological factors. In addition, men showed a higher preference than women for sweet & fatty food, such as chocolate or desserts, rsp = .19, p = .021, and for the salty & fatty food, rsp = .30, p < .001. BMI was not found to moderate the relationship between personality and taste preference. No significant association was found between compulsive personality traits and food preference, as assessed by sensory liking. Conclusions The findings can bring a much better understanding of the relationship between the compulsive or antisocial personality and taste preferences. In addition, it may help build psychotherapeutic and nutritional strategies that promote healthy eating behaviors, tailored to a particular personality style.
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Kastowo, Aryo Iguh, i Ahmad Yulianto. "La Relation Intertextuelle Des Trois Contes Dans Histoires Ou Contes Du Temps Passé Par Charles Perrault Et Dans Le Conteur Amoureux Par Bruno De La Salle: Une Étude Intertextuelle Selon La Pensée De Julia Kristeva". Lingua Litteratia Journal 7, nr 1 (29.05.2020): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ll.v7i1.38826.
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Cette recherche a pour but de décrire les éléments intertextuels sous forme: (1) d’allusion, (2) d’adaptation, (3) d’indication, et (4) de citation dans les trois contes de Bruno de la Salle qui font appel à ceux de Charles Perrault. Cette étude a utilisé la théorie d’intertextualité de Julia Kristeva sur le plan du modèle d’analyse micro-intertextuel. Les objets matériels de cette étude sont trois contes de Bruno de la Salle, à savoir Le Prince Tout Bleui, Le Chat Qui Vient d’On Ne Sait Où, Petit Caillou et Brin de Laine qui ont été écrites en 1995 dans l’anthologie Le Conteur Amoureux, et trois autres contes de Charles Perrault intitulés La Barbe Bleue, Le Maître Chat ou Le Chat Botté, Le Petit Poucet paru en 1697 dans l’anthologie Histoires ou Contes du Temps Passé. Cette recherche se sert de la méthode comparative-qualitative. Quant à la technique d’analyse utilisée dans cette recherche est celle de la comparaison intertextuelle. Les résultats de cette recherche sont (1) la relation intertextuelle entre Le Prince Tout Bleui et La Barbe Bleue est marquée par la présence d’éléments intertextuels sous forme de 1 allusion, 2 adaptations, 6 indications, et 2 citations; (2) la relation intertextuelle entre Le Chat Qui Vient d’On Ne Sait Où et Le Maître Chat ou Le Chat Botté est marquée par la présence d’éléments intertextuels sous forme de 2 allusions, 2 adaptations, 3 indications, et 1 citation; et (3) la relation intertextuelle entre Petit Caillou et Brin de Laine et Le Petit Poucet est marquée par la présence d’éléments intertextuels sous forme de 1 allusion, 2 adaptations, 3 indications, et 2 citations. Cette étude est délimitée sur les éléments textuels, notamment sous forme d’allusion, d’adaptation, d’indication, et de citation qui se trouvent dans trois contes de Bruno de la Salle en les reliant à ceux de Charles Perrault. Basée sur cette recherche, le chercheur espère que les lecteurs pouvaient appliquer la théorie de l’intertextualité initiée par Julia Kristeva en utilisant d’autres modèles d’analyses intertextuels sur d’autres genres littéraires tels que le roman, la poésie, et le théâtre.
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Subotsky, Fiona. "Dracula (1897), Bram Stoker". British Journal of Psychiatry 195, nr 3 (wrzesień 2009): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.195.3.263.
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Bram Stoker (1847–1912) came from an Irish medical family whose influence is not hard to detect in his most famous work, Dracula, which sadly did not bring him the fame and fortune which his older brother William Thornley achieved. The latter was not only President of the Irish College of Surgeons and knighted, but held appointments at the two major Dublin asylums – the Richmond Hospital and St Patrick's. He was even a member of the Medico–Psychological Society for a while, and thus was well-placed to advise on the activities and thought-processes of the doctors in Dracula.
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Branting, Steven D. "“So Close to the Banks of Oblivion” An American Master is Rediscovered". Sculpture Review 69, nr 4 (grudzień 2020): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0747528420985354.
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Inattention has doomed too many masters. Without provenance, context or an appreciation for cultural continuity, artistic treasures become disposable bric-a-brac. And so it nearly was for two companion bianco Carrara marbles that had lain unattested for decades in the storage of a small Idaho museum. Now proven by extensive research to be the works of sculptor Madison Colby (1842-1871), the 19-inch rondels bespeak a talent abruptly silenced by tuberculosis but not too soon to escape the notice of the San Francisco and Chicago art communities. Having experienced this resurrection, Colby’s undeniable skill but sadly limited catalog can once again enjoy a deserved acclaim.
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Kumar, Sharon D., i Vishal Saini. "Sexual Abuse: Investigation of Rape, Sodomy, and Murder". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ETHICS, TRAUMA & VICTIMOLOGY 6, nr 02 (25.12.2020): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18099/ijetv.v6i02.9.
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There are widely increased in sexual abuse that becomes a severe predicament of every society. It has not only put permanent stains on the deceased, but as well as her entire family into degrades and shame. The sensual abuse cases' progressive contribution was being targeted mostly on women, infants, and homosexuals, by the disparate manner of assault-style like sodomy and the killer is male. Sadly, many children become the sufferer of sex-related homicides perpetrated by the individual who are intended to protect them from evil. Four categories of rapists are power reassurance, power assertive, anger retaliatory, and anger excitation. It is necessary to bring justice to society and should fear the consequences the criminals will face. We present a case study that will bring about the important facts and figures of how forensic science helps give conclusions to the cases. In some situations. Offender profiling has been debate on recommending psychiatric and psychological analysis of the sexual offender in such despicable crime.
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Berdote Alonso, Esther, Pauli Davila Balsera i Luis Maria Naya Garmendia. "La renovación pedagógica y el Concilio Vaticano II: el caso de La Salle y las Vedrunas en el País Vasco". Social and Education History 4, nr 3 (22.10.2015): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/hse.2015.1748.
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The Second Vatican Council influenced on the apostolate of most of the religious orders and congregations devoted to education. The need to adequate themselves to the new educational statements that were promoted through the Council Documents will bring about significant changes in their pedagogical premises. The aim of this article is to show how this process was managed by two well-known religious congregations in the Basque Country: De La Salle Brothers and the Vedruna Sisters. To analyse this case, we have used primary sources from the archives of both congregations where the process of accommodation to Vatican II is brought to light. In conclusion, it can be highlighted that an internal renovation happened according to the religious premises, and some pedagogical renewal aspects took place concerning the importance of the Basque language and culture, teacher training, and the option for the poor.
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Atkinson, A. B. "James Meade's Vision: Full Employment and Social Justice". National Institute Economic Review 157 (lipiec 1996): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019615700107.
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Economists are often accused of being narrow specialists, unable to see how their particular area of expertise relates to wider issues. But there is a handful of economists of whom such statements could never be made. Among these is Professor James Meade, who sadly died in December 1995. James Meade was one of the outstanding economists of this century, and a hallmark of his work was a remarkable capacity to see the economy as a whole. He contributed to many fields, but these were not isolated forays. All that be wrote was illuminated by a comprehensive understanding of social and economic problems. What is more, be had a vision as to how social and economic institutions could be reformed to make the world a better place, and be believed in the power of rational argument as a means to bring about these reforms.
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Chibesakunda, Wendy Mumbi Margaret. "The Impact of the Trade War Between the USA and China on the Global Economy: The Reaction of Professional Men and Women in Zambia". TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH 7, nr 2 (28.10.2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.07.02.art001.
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The purpose is to investigate if gender affects knowledge of the International Trade War. The results will show that if both men and women had knowledge in full, of the devastating effects of an International Trade War, before it's escalation, any trade war would be withheld. If women fully understood and participated in war issues, then the negotiations and agreements would be richer, stronger, subtler and firmly rooted especially in developing countries. The Author used the Chi Method to understand how knowledgeable are the Professional Men and Women in Zambia on The International Trade War and the data will show the knowledge imbalance. The Article confirms that more needs to be done with the dissemination of information and participation of women because the lack of knowledge and participation does not bring positive results according to the findings in research which is briefly referred to in the Literature Review. Sadly, it appears that the gender gap will always exist.
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Gunn, S. William A. "Humanitarian, Noncombat Role for the Military". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 9, S1 (czerwiec 1994): S46—S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00041182.
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This paper is being composed on Olympic Day 1994, exactly 10 years after its historic flame illuminated the skies of Sarajevo for a festival of peace and friendship. Today, the flames sadly come from incendiary bombs, shell streaks, and fratricide hatred. Against this tragic degradation, the role of the military and the international community has been changing from that of aggressive interference to one of humanitarian assistance and negotiated settlement. In this new setting, disaster and emergency medicine have a special opportunity to prove a noble calling and obligation.Conflict, unfortunately, and help, fortunately, are as old as humanity. The thoughts expressed herein concern the latter aspect with special reference to the military. As long as man has had a heart, some adrenaline, and the physiological reflex for protection, he has had compassion and an urge to bring succor to those who suffer. The sufferer may be a friend or he may be an enemy, but in humanitarian medical actions, there is no foe.
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Tembhurne, Mr Punyashil S. "Indian Fiction in English and Human Rights". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, nr 7 (31.07.2023): 436–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.54639.
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Abstract: Human rights are one of the factors that ensure the hopes of the common man. Sadly, however, it is not uncommon to see these rights violated by dictatorial regimes. When this happens, literature must take the initiative to bring light to such violations and help people sympathize with those whose rights are abused. This article explores the relationship between literature and human rights. It argues that literature can play a paramount role in promoting human rights in two ways. First, literature, being a reflection of reality, can expose the various human rights violations and abuses happening across the world and this will help people to be more aware of these violations. Secondly, using its unique power to touch the hearts and minds of people, literature can make people more sympathetic towards those who suffer and live in pain as a result of violations of their human rights. Mulk Raj Anand is a great humanist and his prime concern is human predicament.Anita Desai shows the denial of social justice to women. Khuswant Singh and Salman Rushdie draw attention towards sexual abuse of children.
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Werner, Riah, i Elka Todeva. "Plurilingualism and Multimodality: The Metanoia Within Reach". TESL Canada Journal 38, nr 2 (10.03.2022): 214–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v38i2.1362.
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Drawing on the evolution of our thinking around expedited learning and more egalitarian classroom spaces where learners are afforded greater agency and opportunities to tap into their full linguistic repertoires (Todeva & Morule, 2009; Todeva, 2016) and on insights from complex dynamic systems theory, this paper offers a framework for dynamically aligning research on multimodality and plurilingualism with inquiry-based classroom practice. We argue that despite the existence of important research shedding light on the processes underlying our meaning-making and communicative abilities, languages continue to be taught as bounded entities and many instructional and assessment practices still reflect monolingual ideologies and nativespeakerist mindsets. Adopting a plurilingual, multimodal mindset provides a way for teachers, students, and researchers to bring their practices in line with the increasingly complex manner in which people construct, share, and access knowledge. How to achieve this metanoia— this shift of mind towards linguistic and modal plurality—is the main thrust of this paper. We provide concrete examples of classroom plurilingual explorations and an emic narrative of one teacher’s journey. Finally, we call for transformed research practices grounded in retrodiction (Larsen-Freeman, 2009) and for more nimble multimodal knowledge dissemination to support this realignment.
En s’inspirant de l’évolution de notre réflexion sur l’apprentissage accéléré et des espaces de salle de classe plus égalitaires où on accorde aux apprenants plus d’autonomie et d’occasions de se servir de tout leur répertoire linguistique (Todeva & Morule, 2009; Todeva, 2016) et sur les aperçus de la théorie des systèmes dynamiques complexes, cet article propose un cadre de travail dans le but d’aligner de façon dynamique la recherche sur la multimodalité et le plurilinguisme sur la pratique en salle de classe fondée sur l’enquête. Nous avançons que malgré l’existence de recherche importante mettant en lumière les processus qui soustendent nos capacités à faire sens et de communication, on continue à enseigner les langues comme des entités limitées et de nombreuses pratiques d’enseignement et d’évaluation reflètent encore des idéologies monolingues et des mentalités de locuteurs de langue maternelle. L’adoption d’une mentalité plurilingue et multimodale fournit aux enseignants, aux étudiants et aux chercheurs une façon d’aligner leurs pratiques sur la manière de plus en plus complexe dont les gens construisent, partagent et accèdent à la connaissance. Comment réussir cette métanoia – cette réorientation de l’esprit vers la pluralité linguistique et modale – constitue l’idée directrice de cet article. Nous fournissons des exemples concrets d’exploration plurilingue dans la salle de classe ainsi qu’un récit émique du parcours d’un enseignant. En conclusion, nous appelons à des pratiques de recherche transformées, enracinées dans la rétrodiction (Larsen-Freeman, 2009), à une dissémination multimodale plus souple pour soutenir ce réalignement.
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Correia, Iris, Madalena Antunes, Carla Tecelão, Marta Neves, Cristiana L. Pires, Pedro F. Cruz, Maria Rodrigues i in. "Nutritive Value and Bioactivities of a Halophyte Edible Plant: Crithmum maritimum L. (Sea Fennel)". Plants 13, nr 3 (31.01.2024): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13030427.
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Crithmum maritimum L. (sea fennel), an edible xerophyte of coastal habitats, is considered an emerging cash crop for biosaline agriculture due to its salt-tolerance ability and potential applications in the agri-food sector. Here, the nutritional value and bioactive properties of sea fennel are described. Sea fennel leaves, flowers, and schizocarps are composed of carbohydrates (>65%) followed by ash, proteins, and lipids. Sea fennel’s salty, succulent leaves are a source of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid. Extracts obtained from flowers and fruits/schizocarps are rich in antioxidants and polyphenols and show antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Candida albicans, and Candida parapsilosis. Plant material is particularly rich in sodium (Na) but also in other nutritionally relevant minerals, such as calcium (Ca), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S), beyond presenting a potential prebiotic effect on Lactobacillus bulgaricus and being nontoxic to human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 model cells, up to 1.0% (w/v). Hence, the rational use of sea fennel can bring nutrients, aroma, and flavor to culinary dishes while balancing microbiomes and contributing to expanding the shelf life of food products.
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Qu, Ling, Shuangxi Guo, Shengqi Zhou, Yuanzheng Lu, Mingquan Zhu, Xianrong Cen, Di Li i in. "Water Properties and Diffusive Convection in the Canada Basin". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, nr 2 (5.02.2024): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12020290.
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The aim of this study is to better understand diffusive convection (DC) and its role in the upper ocean dynamic environment and sea ice melting in the Canada Basin. Based on a moored dataset with 6737 profiles collected from August 2003 to August 2011 in the upper layer of the Canada Basin, DC between the warm and salty Atlantic Water (AW) and the colder and less salty Lower Halocline Water (LHW) were investigated. The moorings were designated at four stations: A, B, C, and D, located at the southwestern, southeastern, northeastern, and northwestern parts of the basin, respectively. During the observation period, the temperature, salinity, and depth of the AW and LHW exhibited unique temporal variations. The temperature and salinity of the AW varied among stations, with a decreasing trend from northwest to southeast, consistent with the propagation path of the AW in the Canada Basin. The temperature and salinity of the LHW were similar at all stations. The AW and LHW cores were located between depths of 320–500 m and 160–300 m, respectively, and both gradually deepened over time. Distinct DC staircase structures were observed between the AW and LHW, more pronounced at stations C and D than at stations A and B, which is speculated to be related to eddies at stations A and B during the observation period. The vertical heat fluxes through the DC staircase layer at stations C and D (FHc_C and FHc_D) were estimated using an empirical formula. FHc_C ranged from 0.05 to 0.94 W/m2, and FHc_D ranged from 0.05 to 0.6 W/m2, with the maximum probability value for both at approximately 0.2 W/m2. The effective diffusivities at these two stations (KT_C and KT_D) are similar, ranging from 2 × 10−6 to 3 × 10−5 m2/s, with the highest probability occurring at 6 × 10−6 m2/s. Both the probability density function of the heat flux and the effective diffusivity skewed towards larger values and obey a lognormal distribution, indicating turbulence intermittency of the DC staircase in the Canada Basin. These finding offers new insights into the heat transport and turbulence in the DC staircase, and then bring a deeper understanding of sea ice melting in the Canada Basin.
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Meghji, Areej Fatemah, Naeem Ahmed Mahoto, Mukhtiar Ali Unar i Muhmmad Akram Shaikh. "The Role of Knowledge Management and Data Mining in Improving Educational Practices and the Learning Infrastructure". April 2020 39, nr 2 (1.04.2020): 310–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2002.08.
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Higher Educational Institutes hold a central and vital role in the knowledge economy. Knowledge generated by these institutes needs to be collected and disseminated to bring about improvement in not only student learning and performance, but also in educational practices, processes and the society in general. Sadly, in many institutes, this knowledge is rarely recognized, captured, analysed or utilized. Apart from the need for improved learning outcomes, rapid growth in educational data and technology has motivated several educational institutes to implement Knowledge Management (KM). KM is the key to enable educational institutes reach their goals and achieve their objectives. This paper explores the basic concept of KM and addresses the need of KM in higher educational institutes by proposing a framework to improve knowledge processes and practices in academia. This paper also highlights the role of data mining in facilitating KM in higher education through a case study that focuses on aspects of student management. Using data mining methods of pattern discovery and association rule mining, interesting patterns have been discovered from academic data that can be used for effective pedagogical decision making. The applications and challenges faced in the implementation of KM within higher educational institutes have also been briefly discussed.
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Guce, Ive K. "Mathematical Writing Errors in Expository Writings of College Mathematics Students". International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 6, nr 3 (1.09.2017): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v6i3.8549.
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<p>Despite the efforts to confirm the effectiveness of writing in learning mathematics, analysis on common errors in mathematical writings has not received sufficient attention. This study aimed to provide an account of the students’ procedural explanations in terms of their commonly committed errors in mathematical writing. Nine errors in mathematical writing were pre-defined namely, misuse of mathematical terms, misuse of mathematical symbols, incorrect notation, incorrect grammar, incorrect capitalization, no or incorrect punctuation, vague term, incorrect term, and lack of term or phrase. This study used qualitative method of research to keep a record of errors in mathematical writing. Conducted in the College of Education Arts and Sciences of De La Salle Lipa, the study involved twelve BS Mathematics students enrolled in Advanced Calculus 1 class as respondents. Results revealed that the most committed errors done in mathematical writing are incorrect grammar and misuse of mathematical symbols. Certainly, intervention programs on mathematics writing will bring favorable outcomes. Language courses in the students’ curriculum which tackle proper grammar usage may be integrated with writing about mathematics as part of the student activities. Such will provide the students with writing experiences fitted to their discipline.</p><p> </p>
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Cârciumaru, Radu. "Vlad the Impaler, the Truth Behind the Myth: His Youth and Fight Against the Ottoman Empire". Open Journal for Studies in History 6, nr 1 (10.04.2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojsh.0601.01001c.
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Vlad Țepeș “the Impaler” is the most famous figure of the Romanian Middle Ages. Sadly, his world fame is due to Bram Stoker’s 1897 novel. For over 120 years, imagination proved to be stronger for the public at large than historical truth. We do not wish to get into an argument regarding the myth of the cruel, bloodthirsty or even vampiric prince. It is neither the place nor our role to venture onto such moving sands. What we have been concerned with is the openness with which Romanian specialists have dealt with this hero of the Middle Ages, whom they have thoroughly explored. Still, the enthusiasm and willingness to turn Vlad the Impaler into a hero, into a man of moral probity beyond his epoch, have made historians treat the first part of his life tersely and even insufficiently interpret aspects of his glorious moments, i.e. the confrontations with the Ottoman Empire. His period is therefore a puzzle whose pieces must still be arranged. That is what we are going to do in this study, namely to bring forward some additional facts of his tumultuous existence by reviewing some of the most important hypotheses issued in historiography and by permanently relating to the foreign context of his policy.
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BOUGUESMIA, Mohammed Tewfik. "Using AI in Translation, a Technological Leap, or a Translator’s Nightmare". ALTRALANG Journal 2, nr 02 (31.12.2020): 78–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/altralang.v2i02.77.
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ABSTRACT: A dream to many, the idea of using machines for rapid, effortless, and accurate translation has allured both tech-enthusiasts and translation aficionados for a long time. Sadly, the technical limitations that inhibited computers from looking beyond the word, thus affecting their ability to offer much more than literal translations void of contextual meanings, have prevented that fantasy from becoming a reality. However, the recent rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has once again sparked interest in such utilization of technology. While admittedly still in its beta version, and still reliant on the contribution of translators for its enhancement, the primary results of the use of AI for translation look promising to say the least. As a result, a heated debate, buried for years, has re-emerged about whether this technological development represents a threat to the future employability of translators, or an opportunity to innovate the field of translation, and bring it to the digital age. The aim of this research is to investigate the awareness of the Algerian translation teachers of the advances made in this regard, capture their opinions regarding the matter, and report their willingness or reluctance to contribute in the development of this technology. Therefore, open-ended questionnaires are administered to 10 teachers from the Djillali Liabes university. The findings reveal a variety of viewpoints and attitudes towards the matter
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Lollesgaard, Anja. "Art librarianship in Denmark". Art Libraries Journal 22, nr 2 (1997): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030747220001035x.
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Art libraries in Denmark mostly fall into one of two categories: art departments’ in public libraries, and research libraries attached to colleges, universities, and museums. Librarians in research libraries are in many cases scholars in their own right, while library staff at the Kunstakademiets Bibliotek are responsible for the Bibliografi over dansk kunst (sadly not published since 1981) and for Danish contributions to the BHA. The Royal Library and some art libraries hold collections of visual resources and of archival materials; in addition, there is an autonomous national archive of Danish artists, Weilbachs arkiv. An art librarians’ section of Bibliotekarforbundet (the Union of Danish Librarians), Kunstfaggruppen, was initiated by art librarians in public libraries, but is open to other art librarians too; Danish art librarians also work together within ARLIS/Norden. Professional training in Denmark is largely confined to general librarianship; art librarians in public libraries tend to be trained librarians with a personal enthusiasm for art, whereas librarians in research libraries are in some cases graduates but are not necessarily trained librarians. While the public library system took advantage of standardization, automation, and networking, the research libraries could not so readily embrace change, but two recent initiatives are beginning to bring libraries of all kinds together — DanBib, the Danish online union catalogue, formed in 1995 by merging the two separate databases for public and research libraries which both originated in the 1980s, and Kulturnet Danmark, a government-sponsored scheme involving the Internet.
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Duncan, Jane. "Accumulation by symbolic dispossession: the Digital Terrestrial Television transition in South Africa". Media, Culture & Society 39, nr 5 (6.01.2017): 611–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443716686670.
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Using a critical political economy perspective, this article focusses on the migration from analogue to Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) in South Africa. Drawing on relevant international examples, it explores whether South Africa’s regulator is realising one of the major promises of the DTT transition, namely, to create more media diversity in the television sector. It analyses decisions taken by the communications regulator in allocating the digital multiplexes and whether these are contributing to broadening the public sphere. Sadly, in spite of the promise that the transition held, there are signs of it leading to reduced diversity and an upward redistribution of spectrum to upper-income brackets. Commercial broadcasting has become even more dominant than it was in the analogue space, which has intensified what Robert Horwitz has called a ‘commercialising juggernaut’ in television. These developments risk turning the country’s policy of three tiers of broadcasting – already under strain – into a policy in name only. Working class audiences that rely on public service television especially are being dispossessed of spectrum, depriving them of the resources necessary to speak to and be heard by mass audiences. The article asks why the DTT transition has come to this, and in attempting to answer this question, it critiques dominant theories of regulatory behaviour (including critical ones) as being overly structuralist in approach and not taking sufficient account of the agency needed to bring about a decommodified television system where the power to make symbolic resources is not determined by wealth.
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Clausen, Svend. "Mordet i Finderup Lade og det tabte Pergamentcodex – eller Jagten på den Forsvundne Skat". Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 55 (3.03.2016): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v55i0.118911.
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Svend Clausen: The Murder in Finderup Barn and the vanished Parchment Codex, or Raiders of the Lost Manuscript
In 1286 the Danish King Erik Klipping was murdered under mysterious circumstances in a barn in Finderup, Jutland. This murder has become one of the most iconic events in Danish history and its mysteries remain unsolved. The following year some apparent perpetrators were proscribed. Most of these were powerful Danish noblemen and the Royal official Lord High Constable Stig became the most notorious of these. The sentence has been heavily debated.Already during the 1500s and early 1600s these events were described by contemporary Danish historians. Their versions of events have generally not been deemed important as it was believed that they had their knowledge solely from sources still available today.This article, however, shows that historians of this age actually did possess a now lost parchment manuscript that most likely contained the source material from the original trial following the murder. The existence of this so-called Constable Stig-manuscript has been forgotten until now, but its existence can actually be verified with certainty from manuscript lists from this age – most clearly in a manuscript list from 1595. The manuscript is also mentioned in handwritten notes by Anders Sørensen Vedel, one of the renowned historians of that age. In footnotes he made references to this manuscript, because he used its textual contents for his historical works.Apparently the Constable Stig-manuscript is also mentioned in 1608, maybe then for the last time, and at some point after this it was lost and forgotten about. Likely it burned in 1728 together with the rest of the university library. Sadly, none of its most likely important textual contents survives today. Even a debate in the 1950s regarding the source material for this murder ultimately failed to bring this lost manuscript into renewed focus.Even though its source material remains sadly lost, the existence itself of this manuscript is still important: First of all, the existence of such a manuscript shows that an actual trial must have been held in the aftermath of the murder. Even this has seemed somewhat unclear, because of the scarcity of the preserved source material. Finally, the existence of this manuscript forces us to begin looking at the works of these old historians in a different way. In the coming years it will be important to examine the preserved historical works and manuscripts of these historians thoroughly to reveal whether this can shed any new light upon any of the lost source material from the Constable Stig-manuscript.
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Gosain, Devashish, Mayank Mohindra i Sambuddho Chakravarty. "Too Close for Comfort: Morasses of (Anti-) Censorship in the Era of CDNs". Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2021, nr 2 (29.01.2021): 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popets-2021-0023.
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Abstract Recent research claims that “powerful” nation-states may be hegemonic over significant web traffic of “underserved” nations (e.g., Brazil and India). Such traffic may be surveilled when transiting (or ending in) these powerful nations. On the other hand, content distribution networks (CDNs) are designed to bring web content closer to end-users. Thus it is natural to ask whether CDNs have led to the localization of Internet traffic within the country’s boundary, challenging the notion of nation-state hegemony. Further, such traffic localization may inadvertently enhance a country’s ability to coerce content providers to censor (or monitor) access within its boundary. On top of that, the obvious solution, i.e., anti-censorship approaches, may sadly face a new dilemma. Traditional ones, relying on proxies, are easily discoverable. Whereas newer ones (e.g., Decoy Routing, Cache-Browser, Domain Fronting and CovertCast etc.) might not work as they require accessing web content hosted outside the censors’ boundary. We thus quantitatively analyzed the impact of web content localization on various anti-censorship systems. Such analysis requires geolocating the websites. Thus we adapted a multilateration method, Constraint Based Geolocation (CBG), with additional heuristics. We call it as Region Specific CBG (R-CBG). In more than 89% cases, R-CBG correctly classifies hosts as inside (or outside) w.r.t. a nation. Our empirical study, involving five countries, shows that the majority (61%−92%) of popular country-specific websites are hosted within a client’s own country. Further, additional heuristics classify the majority of them to be on CDNs.
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Larrinaga, Carlos, i Jan Bebbington. "The pre-history of sustainability reporting: a constructivist reading". Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 34, nr 9 (7.05.2021): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-03-2017-2872.
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PurposeThe aim of this paper is to provide an account of the period prior to the creation of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI): a body that was critical to the institutionalization of sustainability reporting (SR). By examining this “pre-history,” we bring to light the actors, activities and ways of thinking that made SR more likely to be institutionalized once the GRI entrepreneurship came to the fore.Design/methodology/approachThe paper revisits a time period (the 1990s) that has yet to be formally written about in any depth and traces the early development of what became SR. This material is examined using a constructivist understanding of regulation.FindingsThe authors contend that a convergence of actors and structural conditions were pivotal to the development of SR. Specifically, this paper demonstrates that a combination of actors (such as epistemic communities, carriers, regulators and reporters) as well as the presence of certain conditions (such as the societal context, analogies with financial reporting, environmental reporting and reporting design issues) contributed to the development of SR which was consolidated (as well as extended) in 1999 with the advent of the GRI.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper theorizes (through a historical analysis) how SR is sustained by a network of institutional actors and conditions which can assist reflection on future SR development.Originality/valueThis paper brings together empirical material from a time that (sadly) is passing from living memory. The paper also extends the use of a conceptual frame that is starting to influence scholarship in accounting that seeks to understand how norms develop.
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Russinoff, I. Susan. "The Syllogism's Final Solution". Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 5, nr 4 (grudzień 1999): 451–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/421118.
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In 1883, while a student of C. S. Peirce at Johns Hopkins University, Christine Ladd-Franklin published a paper titled On the Algebra of Logic, in which she develops an elegant and powerful test for the validity of syllogisms that constitutes the most significant advance in syllogistic logic in two thousand years. Sadly, her work has been all but forgotten by logicians and historians of logic. Ladd-Franklin's achievement has been overlooked, partly because it has been overshadowed by the work of other logicians of the nineteenth century renaissance in logic, but probably also because she was a woman. Though neglected, the significance of her contribution to the field of symbolic logic has not been diminished by subsequent achievements of others.In this paper, I bring to light the important work of Ladd-Franklin so that she is justly credited with having solved a problem over two millennia old. First, I give a brief survey of the history of syllogistic logic. In the second section, I discuss the logical systems called “algebras of logic”. I then outline Ladd-Franklin's algebra of logic, discussing how it differs from others, and explain her test for the validity of the syllogism, both in her symbolic language and the more familiar language of modern logic. Finally I present a rigorous proof of her theorem. Ladd-Franklin developed her algebra of logic before the methods necessary for a rigorous proof were available to her. Thus, I do now what she could not have done then.
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Su, Zhan, Andrew P. Ingersoll i Feng He. "On the Abruptness of Bølling–Allerød Warming". Journal of Climate 29, nr 13 (21.06.2016): 4965–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0675.1.
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Abstract Previous observations and simulations suggest that an approximate 3°–5°C warming occurred at intermediate depths in the North Atlantic over several millennia during Heinrich stadial 1 (HS1), which induces warm salty water (WSW) lying beneath surface cold freshwater. This arrangement eventually generates ocean convective available potential energy (OCAPE), the maximum potential energy releasable by adiabatic vertical parcel rearrangements in an ocean column. The authors find that basin-scale OCAPE starts to appear in the North Atlantic (~67.5°–73.5°N) and builds up over decades at the end of HS1 with a magnitude of about 0.05 J kg−1. OCAPE provides a key kinetic energy source for thermobaric cabbeling convection (TCC). Using a high-resolution TCC-resolved regional model, it is found that this decadal-scale accumulation of OCAPE ultimately overshoots its intrinsic threshold and is released abruptly (~1 month) into kinetic energy of TCC, with further intensification from cabbeling. TCC has convective plumes with approximately 0.2–1-km horizontal scales and large vertical displacements (~1 km), which make TCC difficult to be resolved or parameterized by current general circulation models. The simulation herein indicates that these local TCC events are spread quickly throughout the OCAPE-contained basin by internal wave perturbations. Their convective plumes have large vertical velocities (~8–15 cm s−1) and bring the WSW to the surface, causing an approximate 2°C sea surface warming for the whole basin (~700 km) within a month. This exposes a huge heat reservoir to the atmosphere, which helps to explain the abrupt Bølling–Allerød warming.
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Abdullah, Azreen Rozainee, i Hoe Yue Fen. "Natural or Reclaimed Coastal Areas? The Role of Environmental Awareness in Supporting Coastal Ecotourism within Fishing Communities". 15TH GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ON 14 - 15 SEPTEMBER 2023, NOVOTEL BANGKOK PLATINUM PRATUNAM, THAILAND 15, nr 1 (14.09.2023): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2023.1(85).
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Visiting fishing villages and natural coastal areas offer unique experience for city dwellers. Sadly, many beautiful coastal areas in fast developing cities are witnessed to turn into new concrete jungles or man-made attractions through land reclamation. Land reclamation is the process of creating a new artificial land from the sea (Rosman et al., 2020). The construction of reclaiming lands from sea are known to destroy natural landscapes, damage natural areas for fish spawning and marine nursery habitats, lower the level of oxygen in the water, and significatly reduce the numbers of fish and other marine resources in the affected area (Ding et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2021). Land reclamation also may deprive fishermen and fishing communities of access and ability to utilize coastal and marine resources, thus directly affecting fishermen's income (Fabinyi, 2020). To sustain their livelihood and reduce their dependency on the declining marine resources, fishermen ventured into coastal ecotourism, providing tours and turning their fishing house into tourists accommodation (Stacey et al., 2021). According to Pineda et al. (2023), tourists who participates in ecotourism usually prefer going to natural areas, with the intention to help conserve the area and bring benefits to local communities. However, little is relatively known about how much tourists support fishing communities conducting ecotourism and whether environmental awareness does influece their support. Hence, this study investigates environmental awareness (EA) as a mediatior in influencing the perception of land reclamation negative impacts (LR) and support for coastal ecotourism within fishing communities (CE). Keywords: Coastal Ecotourism, Environmental Awareness, Fishing Community, Land reclamation
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Lekshmy, C. S. Abhija. "Spatial Literary Theory in Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide". New Literaria 04, nr 01 (2023): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.48189/nl.2023.v04i1.009.
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The notion of being a social animal makes it difficult for humans to exclude space, a quintessential factor of life itself. It serves and chisels humanity throughout. The movement and actions of individuals actuate the space because only when people and artifacts inhabit a space, it turns into a place. This space, be it social or cultural, moulds a person into a mature self and it reflects the ideology, power and politics of the institution existing within it. Every literary work testifies to a space, even though it may be virtual or fictive space. The Hungry Tide is a prophetic novel by Amitav Ghosh about insight, beauty and humanity. It explores the precarious life of some ‘desperate’ souls sustaining in the region of Sundarbans. The central plot is that Piya, an American cetologist who comes to India and gets the aid of Kanai, a translator and Fokir, a local fisherman, in her adventure in waters. The unlikely trio travel to find the rare Irrawaddy Dolphin and face several unexpected turns. Survival is an everyday battle for the settlers of the Sundarbans who have learned to strike a balance with nature. The space of sea has enormous influence in the destiny of fishermen like ‘Fokir’. The novel unravels the ongoing tension between humanity and the space of Sundarbans with its vast salty tracts of mangrove forest. The routine as well as the beliefs of the inhabitants were tamed according to the conditions of that marshy land; for instance, the perpetual threat of tigers. The paper attempts to bring forth the relevance and recognition of the role of space in this novel.
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Yusoff, Asliza. "Promoting Entrepreneurial Competencies via Education: Is Malaysian Polytechnic Entrepreneurship Education Effective?" International Journal of Business and Management 2, nr 4 (30.08.2018): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26666/rmp.ijbm.2018.4.5.
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Malaysian Polytechnic has been actively participating in providing entrepreneurship education (EE) and training to improve basic skills and encourage self-employment among its graduates. Sadly, a scrutiny of the available literature suggests that Malaysian polytechnic entrepreneurship education (MPEE) is ineffective as it fails to inculcate entrepreneurial spirit among the students. Students who have finished the MPEE were reported to have not embedded with enterprising knowledge, business skills and attributes during their study in polytechnics. However, these findings obviously demand further clarification. First, although entrepreneurship is indeed a very long process and cannot be created overnight, previous studies measured the effectiveness of MPEE by looking into students’ readiness for entrepreneurship. Although scholars have argued that entrepreneurial readiness or intention is the proximal determinant of entrepreneurial behaviour, intention alone is not enough in measuring entrepreneurship as it does not lead to immediate action. Second, previous studies also missed to apply the regression method in their analysis to investigate the impact of MPEE on students’ entrepreneurial development, leaving both theoretical and methodological gaps to be filled by the current study. Based on this justifications, this study proposes that the effectiveness of MPEE can be studied by looking at how it creates students’ intellectual capital, which is the asset that are garnered from an investment in EE, and students’ entrepreneurial behaviour via a longitudinal design. This effort is deemed important since understanding the effectiveness of MPEE will bring substantial value to the overall educational, economic, and societal well-being in the long run. The significance of this study lies in its effort to reveal the effectiveness of MPEE by investigating its impact on ‘the other side’ of entrepreneurial intention, which is its behavioural aspect.
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Tonkin, Humphrey. "Invented cities, invented languages". Language Problems and Language Planning 40, nr 1 (9.05.2016): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.40.1.06ton.
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L. L. Zamenhof saw the creation of his proposed international language, Esperanto, as a process of construction, rather like the building of a city. This new city of words would replace the walls of language difference that had previously separated the nations. His poems imagined a new “foundation” replacing the Tower of Babel and destroying the walls of Jericho. Unlike most other projectors of international languages, Zamenhof saw the creation of a community of Esperanto speakers, who could claim ownership of the language, as crucially important. The language began as text, but soon, as a result of its growing community of users, became a spoken language. The language owed its popularity to the emergence of an urban European middle class, eager to travel and learn about the world — at a time when the modern city was also emerging, its sense of identity defined above all by shared text and a common narrative. A common narrative and a shared text were also generated among the speakers of Esperanto, who were imbued with faith in technological progress and a corresponding belief in the achievement of common values. They developed common symbols and common modes of organization reflecting those that they found around them, notably the holding of annual international congresses in European cities, and other city-based activities. Zamenhof’s own beliefs were driven above all by his experience as a Central European Jew and by his exposure to early manifestations of the Zionist movement, which led him to dream of a kind of post-Zionist universalism embracing all creeds and races. Sadly, this was not to be: he could not put an end to anti-Semitism, nor bring about the kind of ecumenism of which he dreamed. That vision was lost in the rise of nationalism in World War I and beyond.
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Čuk, Ivan. "EDITORIAL". Science of Gymnastics Journal 13, nr 3 (1.10.2021): 299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/sgj.13.3.299-300.
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Dear friends, All gymnastic disciplines were excellent at this year’s Summer Olympic Games. Great achievements of our athletes in artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastic and trampolining! From my subjective point of view, Nikita Nagorny made a huge step forward to further our sport. It took all this time since OG 1988 in Seoul, when Valery Ljukin from the former Soviet Union performed a triple salto backward tucked, to see Nikita Nagorny perform a triple salto backward piked at a major competition. It will take some more time before followers start performing the triple backward piked. However, our science supports and facilitates improvements in apparatus, the development of better methods of strength training, psychological readiness, and so on, and all this leads to further developments in our sport. Having the Olympic Games and the World Championships within three months of the same year created many challenges for everyone involved in competitive gymnastics. On one hand, there is gymnasts’ tiredness, on another, new faces bring in new energy. There are new challenges for researchers too. In the middle of October, Flavio Bessi organised International Freiburg Gymnastics Congress online. You can find it at https://www.sport.uni-freiburg.de/en/events/international-gymnastics-congress. Contributing authors in this issue are from Tunisia, Oman, Brazil, Germany, United Kingdom, Slovenia, Russia and Greece. Again, many different aspects of gymnastics are presented. Anton Gajdoš and Michal Babela drafted the 22nd short historical note introducing Samulel Piasecky from Slovakia. Sadly, we lost a gymnastic friend. Aljoša Demjanov who competed for Russia and Croatia passed away last summer. R.I.P., Aljoša. Just to remind you, if you cite the journal, its abbreviation in the Web of Knowledge is SCI GYMN J. I wish you enjoyable reading and many new ideas for research projects and articles. Ivan Čuk Editor-in-Chief
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Tripathi, Manorama. "Integrity in Education and Research". DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology 39, nr 2 (11.03.2019): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.39.2.14215.
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Universities and higher educational institutions, in the country or across the globe create new knowledge through their study of the existing ecosystems along with the constraints and challenges that lie therein. The most crucial tool in the box towards solving these gaping issues happens to be academic research. The knowledge generated at these epicentres address the problems, related to health, climate change, sustainability among many others. The findings of the research offer substantial breakthroughs to enhance the living standards of the people, better utilization of the limited resources and preservation of the planet.
With the changing and ever-growing role of the institutions of higher learning and universities in particular research has become all the more crucial. There is hardly any domain where universities and the scholars don’t have a role to play. With spectacularly arrayed disciplines coming under the ambit of education, the researchers have a ringside view of the world problems. If we pick up any instance of authorities dealing with contemporary issues, we are sure to find a few academics in the core team. Academics and particularly the hard research has emerged as the new go-to guy.
With so much riding on the research, any dilution of its sanctity would bring down the entire edifice of progress and development. Any laxity on the rigorous methodologies or standards procedures may prove very catastrophic for all the stakeholders and the community as a whole.
Sadly it has been observed worldwide that researchers often indulge in misconduct while pursuing their education and research enterprises. Misconduct refers to a gamut of wrong practices like plagiarizing, fabricating or falsifying data, manipulating images or pictures to substantiate their finding; reporting selectively to support their research objectives. The menace of gift and ghost authorship is also prevalent across academic and research intelligence. Any of this dilutes the quality of research and questions the authenticity of the resulting knowledge.
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Carloni, Sante, Roberto Cianci, Olindo Corradini, Antonino Flachi, Stefano Vignolo i Vincenzo Vitagliano. "Avenues of Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime, Genova, 14-16 Sep 2022". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2531, nr 1 (1.06.2023): 011001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2531/1/011001.
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The extreme conditions experienced in the early universe, close to a black hole or in the interior of a neutron star, provide the environment where the most violent natural phenomena take place. Our understanding of the physical processes occurring in these regimes is affected by the notorious difficulty in the development of a theory of quantum gravity, modelling the intertwining of the gravitational field and the quantum properties of the fields responsible for the other forces in nature. A different point of view is then achieved by defining a “mesoscopic” scale lying below the Planck energy scale but well away from the classical general relativity domain. At such a scale, the theoretical framework describing how quantized fields propagate in a curved background has accomplished outstanding results, like particle production in gravitational fields and black hole evaporation, establishing a highly non-trivial connection between thermodynamics, gravity, and quantum field theory. Aside from suggesting novel intersections between quantum fields and gravity, an unexplored landscape of original ideas is taking shape and inspiring new exciting problems. Quantum field theory in curved spacetime has recently been proposed as a new tool to probe nuclear and condensed matter physics phenomenology, with the recent advances in research at the nanoscale offering an intriguing test to the semiclassical approach even from tabletop experiments. Following this trend, the goal of Avenues of Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime has been to bring together researchers working in different areas of quantum field theory with interest in its curved space applications in the area of gravity and beyond. The 3-days workshop - the third of a series initiated in 2018 in Japan, continued in Modena, and that had an unexpected stop due to the sadly well-known Covid19 facts - aimed to exchange ideas on what is (or is expected soon to become) topical and discuss potential interdisciplinary interactions in a stimulating and collaborative environment. List of The Editorial Board and Organising Committee is available in this pdf.
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Dim, Emmanuel U. "Reconciliation, a Road to Freedom, Unity and Development (Gen 32:3-33:20): Lessons for Nigeria as a Nation". Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 11, nr 2 (15.02.2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/gjahss.2013/vol11n2113.
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Jacob and Esau are the twin sons of Isaac and Rebekah. With the active and masterful connivance of Rebekah, Jacob, the younger of the two, deceitfully obtained from their father, Isaac, the final blessing he had intended for Esau, his first son. The ugly result is that, on account of the threat to his life by Esau, Jacob had to flee into exile, to Laban his uncle. However, after 20 years, he had to return to Canaan, at the behest of Yahweh, but had also to confront his otherwise bitter and estranged brother in the process, as narrated in Gen 32:3-33:20. Thus, although Jacob was initially highly dreadful of this encounter, the two brothers admirably reconciled during that meeting thereby leaving an example of perennial worth to all human beings. This article deeply dwells on this narrative in order to bring out its important details and emphases. The method employed in the study is sociological-theological. This is augmented with the Historical Critical Method of Exegesis so as to interpret the text under study. Through these methods, this paper highlights the fact that even though reconciliation is often difficult to arrive at in the face of conflicts, it is ultimately a blessing and greatly rewarding when achieved. On that score, it becomes highly recommended that all toe the praise-worthy line of these two brothers in the face of conflicts so as to avoid war or aggression which is its unwholesome alternative. This recommendation is especially pertinent to Nigeria, the fast-crumbling giant of Africa, where Christians, especially those in government, are particularly called upon to help to engender this national spirit among its citizens – an aspect that has sadly eluded them since the country’s independence. Significantly, therefore, this paper is a strong appreciation of the reconciliatory example of these twin brothers, with the suggestion, after going down the memory lane, that it is only such a development that would help to move Nigeria forward as a nation from its present debilitating quagmire and national decay.
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Abdulwasiu, Sanusi, i Kabiru Musa. "EFFECTS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE ON WOMEN’S SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN SOKOTO STATE". Zamfara International Journal of Humanities 2, nr 01 (30.06.2023): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/zamijoh.2023.v02i01.005.
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Women in Africa, like their counterparts the world over, suffer intimate partner violence (IPV) irrespective of class, age, religion or social status. It is estimated that one in every four women suffers this violence at the hands of those who claim to love and protect them. It has been proved that 33% of every married woman, aged 15-45 years experienced emotional, physical or sexual violence committed by their current or most recent husband/partner in Sokoto State. The recent data on intimate partner violence in Sokoto State indicated that 725 reported cases were recorded from March 2020 to June 2021. Sadly enough, this has a multiplying effect on the socio-economic status of the affected women. It’s against this background, that the study aims to examine the effect of intimate partner violence on women's socio-economic development in Sokoto State. The research is purely qualitative. While data from the secondary source were derived from books, journals, the internet and relevant sources, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was adopted to generate the primary data. The response from FGD was analyzed thematically according to the research objectives and transcribed into the language of the research. Ministry for Women Affairs was hand-picked to generate the survival list, and forty survivors were purposively selected to collect pieces of information on the effect of intimate partner violence on women’s socio-economic development in Sokoto State. the results indicate that Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) has high economic costs on Sokoto state women's socio-economic growth, lower labour supply, reduced productivity, and less investment in human capital among others. It also shows that IPV has a great impact on women’s participation in education, employment and civic life thereby undermining poverty reduction efforts etc. The paper recommended that governments and institutions should put in place mechanisms to address persistent Intimate Partner Violence in rural areas and come to the aid of victims. Similarly, tougher sanctions should be put in place by necessary government agencies to bring to book perpetrators of this heinous crime against women.
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Palupi, Santi, Budi Riyanto i Nami Fitricia Pasaribu. "Processed Product Innovations Made from Rusip on Bangka Island [Inovasi Produk Olahan Berbahan Dasar Rusip di Pulau Bangka]". Proceeding of Community Development 2 (21.02.2019): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.30874/comdev.2018.432.
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Bangka Island itself has special foods, including brain-brain, pineapple cake, sting, trigger, kemplang, pantiaw, tahukok, rusip. Among the typical foods of Bangka Island there is one unique type of food that is rusip. Rusip is a traditional food for the people of Bangka Island. At first glance, there is nothing interesting about the typical Bangka cuisine. Rusip is a chili sauce made from anchovy or bilis. The color is cloudy, the smell is pungent, and the flesh of the fish is smooth. Rusip is made from fermented bilis fish (Clupeoides borneensis) After the fish is fermented and emits an acidic odor, then it is processed with onions, chili with brown sugar, rice crust water, salt, and also key oranges. "Rusip can be eaten in the morning, afternoon and night. Rusip is also considered to be a side dish at meals or commonly eaten with cassava leaves, kangkung leaves and also dipped with cucumbers and eggplants or other vegetables. Almost all regions in Bangka produce rusip. small or home industry In general, rusip products have the appearance of whole fish that starts to crumble, cloudy and runny with gray and brown color, salty and sour taste, and fishy and sour aroma which is a characteristic of fermented products. rusip that cannot last for a long time, it is necessary to process innovations based on rusip to bring up new processed products, besides that the rusip can be easily accepted by many people. Based on this, there is a need for community service that emphasizes innovation processed products made from russip-based products, while the participants in the community service activities were women P KK who are members of the National Crafts Council of the Bangka Province with a total of 30 people. From the results of counseling, discussions, and demonstrations carried out for PKK mothers, it can be concluded that the importance of understanding the scope of culinary tourism and the importance of culinary tourism in the development of tourism in an area can improve people's income, culinary can preserve regional specialties. Thus the community will feel ownership and feel proud of the local cuisine that exists.
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Bisht, Aditya S. "A Study on Opinion Spamming: Fake Consumer Review Detection". Journal of Informatics Electrical and Electronics Engineering (JIEEE) 2, nr 2 (4.06.2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.54060/jieee/002.02.004.
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Online audits are the most important wellsprings of data about client feelings and are considered the columns on which the standing of an association is assembled. From a client's viewpoint, audit data is vital to settle on an appropriate choice with respect to an online buy. Surveys are for the most part thought to be a fair-minded assessment of a person's very own involvement in an item, however, the fundamental truth about these audits recounts an alternate story. Spammers abuse these audit stages unlawfully on account of impetuses engaged with composing counterfeit surveys, subsequently at-tempting to acquire a bit of leeway over contenders bringing about an unstable development of assessment spamming. This training is known as Opinion (Review) Spam, where spammers control and toxic substance surveys (i.e., making phony, untruthful, or misleading audits) for benefit or gain. It has become a typical practice for individuals to discover and to understand assessments/surveys on the Web for some reasons. For instance, in the event that one needs to purchase an item, one commonly goes to a vendor or audit site (e.g., amazon.com) to peruse a few surveys of existing clients of the item. In the event that one sees numerous positive audits of the item, one is probably going to purchase the item. Notwithstanding, in the event that one sees many negative surveys, he/she will in all probability pick another item. Positive suppositions can bring about huge monetary benefits and additionally popularities for associations and people. This, sadly, offers great motivating forces for input spam. Most of the momentum research has zeroed in on regulated learning strategies, which require named information, a shortage with regards to online survey spam. Examination of techniques for Big Data is of revenue, since there are a huge number of online audits, with a lot seriously being produced every day. Until now, we have not discovered any papers that review the im-pacts of Big Data examination for survey spam identification. The essential objective of this paper is to give a solid and far-reaching similar investigation of flow research on identifying audit spam utilizing different AI procedures and to devise a strategy for directing further examination.
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Barroca, Maria João, Catarina Flores, Sandrine Ressurreição, Raquel Guiné, Nádia Osório i Aida Moreira da Silva. "Re-Thinking Table Salt Reduction in Bread with Halophyte Plant Solutions". Applied Sciences 13, nr 9 (25.04.2023): 5342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13095342.
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Sodium intake higher than it is physiologically necessary has been associated with some non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Bread is commonly consumed and is a major source of sodium in the human diet. Among the interventions to reduce the salt content in bread, the incorporation of salty taste halophyte powder could be a promising strategy. In the present work, Sarcocornia perennis was incorporated as a food ingredient to substitute the salt (sodium) of white wheat bread (1.2% NaCl/0.47% sodium, flour basis). Powdered dried S. perennis was incorporated into bread by replacing the same amount of sodium (0.47%, flour basis) and half of the sodium concentration (0.235%, flour basis), respectively, B100 and B50 bread samples. The bread samples were analyzed to evaluate the impact of the sodium chloride replacement by S. perennis powder on total baking loss, specific volume, crumb color, textural properties, microbial activity, nutritional and mineral composition and sensory evaluation. The incorporation of S. perennis increased the specific volume but had no relevant impact on the textural properties of bread. Furthermore, the substitution of sodium chloride by S. perennis powder allowed a more colored (greenish and yellowish) and dark crumb leading to a lower whiteness index. Compared with control bread, the addition of S. perennis powder promoted a significant increase of all bread’s nutrients and minerals, namely calcium, phosphor, iron, and manganese. Besides the improvement of bread quality, B100, and B50 bread samples were both sensorily well accepted and with similar scores to all the evaluated sensorial attributes. Moreover, the reduction of sodium to half (0.235% sodium (flour basis) in bread (B50) did not affect the acceptability of tasters, as compared with B100 (0.47% sodium (flour basis)). Both new bread formulation has microbiological quality as ready-to-eat product. However, taking into account greater stability over time for microbial spoilage, mainly caused by fungi and yeasts, B50 bread is more promising. The B50 bread sample is also a potential strategy to obtain a sodium reduction of 50% in bread, which could be essential to reduce the overall sodium daily intake and bring important economic and public health benefits.
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Bhadale, Siddhesh, Rushikesh Jagadale i Prof Chaudhari V.S. "AgriAI: Smart Precision Farming App". INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, nr 11 (1.11.2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem26793.
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In our big world with over 8 billion people, we all share one thing in common – the need to eat. Sadly, we often hear about the tough times farmers in India face, despite being more than half of the working population. Every day, 28 farmers, dependent on agriculture, feel so burdened that they resort to suicide. While many of us express frustration and sympathy, we often don't truly understand the problems these farmers face on the ground. To help them out, we've come up with a Precision Farming App, a tool that we hope will bring a positive change to farming. This app is like a bundle of helpful features for modern farming. For instance, it can track how your crops are growing in real-time, like a virtual map for your plants. It also acts like a health check for your crops, spotting diseases early and suggesting solutions. The app even recommends what crops are best for your farm based on where you are, the type of soil you have, and the local weather conditions. But it's not just about your crops; the app also connects farmers with each other, creating a community where they can share experiences and learn from one another. And when it's time to sell crops, the app makes it easier by connecting farmers directly to buyers. Looking at how farming in India has changed over time – from old ways to the Green Revolution and now, technology playing a big role – our app fits right into this journey. It addresses the challenges farmers deal with, from unpredictable weather to soil problems, by providing them with smart tools for better and more sustainable farming. In a nutshell, this app is like a ray of hope for Indian farmers, bringing together technology and traditional farming practices. It wants to create a future where farming is not just smart and sustainable but also brings success and prosperity to every farmer. So, as we embark on this exciting farming journey, the goal is clear: to make farming smart, sustainable, and successful for years to come. Key Words: Precision Farming, Advance Farming, Future of Farming, Machine
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Chakravorty, Indranil. "The Final Straw". Sushruta Journal of Health Policy & Opinion 15, nr 2 (14.02.2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.38192/15.2.4.
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The straw that broke the camel's back came from a most unexpected source. It was the sudden removal of all access to safe drinking water in an acute medical unit in one of the largest hospitals in the country. This action left a 58 bedded unit with over 100 members of staff without access to a vital ingredient of health and wellbeing. In a system which has come through unpredictable, unreliable and inadequate access to personal protection equipment throughout the various surges of the COVID-19 pandemic, this was something that all the mandatory training in resilience should have given strength to pull through. But sadly, it seemed to be the final straw.
So, I was going to suggest a different strategy, one that included arranging rotations with international partners and of inducting colleagues from allied health professions to share responsibilities of patient care much more than they are able to do at present. Both of these moves will require an open mind, a long-range vision from our leaders and flexibility from our regulators. We need sustainable models where junior doctors and nurses come on planned rotations from countries such as the Commonwealth where education and training are aligned but return to their countries enriched with their experience. The BAPIO Training Academy has similar schemes in place and all the Medical Royal colleges are keen to populate their medical training initiatives with international partner institutions. There needs to be a recognition and celebration of the diversity of the workforce and the contribution of migrants. An acceptance by the people of how the war was won and the country was rebuilt by the blood, sweat and tears of migrants working shoulder to shoulder with their UK peers. This change in mindset has to come from the top. Many had hoped that the first UK Prime Minister of colour may bring that change in mindset. Unfortunately, this is not what appears as Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP moving swiftly from the diversity of Diwali celebrations in Downing Street to pushing the boats back rhetoric. A change is needed. We, in the health service need to be the change (in mindset of equality, diversity and inclusion) that we wish to see. The final straw must not break the camel’s back.
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Mishra, Rakesh Kumar. "Fresh Water availability and Its Global challenge". British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies 4, nr 3 (29.05.2023): 1–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bjmas.2022.0208.
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Water is prime natural resources fulfilling our needs in a precisious assets.we must acts to preserve and utilize every drop of water.water resources can be assessed on the basis of surface and subsurface water bodies.Climate change impact on ground Water the impact of climate change on ground water has been studied much less than the impact on surface waters. Ground water reacts to climate change mainly due to change in ground water recharge,but also change in river level in response to increase in mean Temperature,precipitation ,variability and sea level as mean precipitations.Changing land use pattern due to increasing ,urbanization, industrialization and agriculture activities are serious issues that causing increase ground water with drawal resulting in depletion of ground water resources and mining of ground water resources,along with deterioration of water quality.Rainfall is highly irregular and erratic and declining year to year due to change climatic conditions as result of serious deforestation global warming etc.Human health is affected by change in biodiversity and ecosystem.Climate change will affect the quality of drinking water and impact of fresh water availability and impact on public health. About 70% of Earth’s surface is water of which 97.5% is salty water and 2.5% is fresh water. Less than 1% of this 2.5% amount of freshwater is accessible. As sea water rise’s , salt water of ocean in filtrate as coastal fresh water due heavy rainfall and flooding waste more fertilizer and municipal sewage mixed with costal fresh water and change alter into more oxygen dead zone. Weather extreme and climate variability is main driver of food production in recent global challenge. Recent global challenge food security, fresh water availability, increase incidence of extreme high sea level. Loss of agriculture reproduction and increase in food prices and changes in weather patterns and alter availability and quality of water in many part of world. Climate change is an on-going phenomenon. This will inevitably bring about numerous environmental problems, including alterations to the hydrological cycle, which is already heavily influenced by anthropogenic activity.Chemical fertlizer’s has been adversely affecting the flora, fauna as well as soil quality . more ever every year plant pathogen are causing loss of 10 to 20% of agricultural production worldwide. Ground water will be vital to alleviate some of the worst drought situations. flooding and contaiminated water supplies, more intense weather events are likely to increase to risk of infectious disease epidemics and erosion of low-lying and costal land. Climate Chang will affect the quality of drinking Water and impact of fresh water availlablity and impact on public health it’s better to use UV Water purifiers.This paper will explore what climate change. Water is prime natural resources fulfilling our needs in a precisious assets.we must acts to preserve and utilize every drop of water.water resources can be assessed on the basis of surface and subsurface water bodies.Climate change imapact on ground Water the impact of climate change on ground water has been studied much less than the impact on surface waters. Ground water reacts to climate change mainly due to change in ground water recharge,but also change in river level in response to increase in mean Temperature,precipitation ,variability and sea level as mean precipitations.Changing land use pattern due to increasing ,urbanization, industrialization and agriculture activities are serious issues that causing increase ground water with drawal resulting in depletion of ground water resources and mining of ground water resources,along with deterioration of water quality.Rainfall is highly irregular and erratic and declining year to year due to change climatic conditions as result of serious global warming .Impacts of sea level rise on salinity intrusion global climate change has resulted in gradual sea level rise. sea level rise can cause saline water to migrate up stream in estuaries and rivers,thereby threating fresh water habitat and drinking- water supplies.Hydrology all the costal margin; fresh ground water flowing in land areas meets with saline ground water from the ocean. the fresh ground water flows from in land areas towards the coast where elevation and groundwater level are lower because salt water has higher content of dissolved salt and minerals. it denser the fresh water,causing it to have hydraulic head than freshwater. hydraulic head refers to the liquid pressure exerted by water column. the higher pressure density of salt water causes it to move into costal aquifiers in a a wedge shape under the freshwater. the salt water and fresh water meets in a transition zone where mixing occurs through dispersion and diffusion.
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Mishra, R. K. "Fresh Water availability and It’s Global challenge". Journal of Marine Science and Research 2, nr 1 (27.02.2023): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.58489/2836-5933/004.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Water is prime natural resources fulfilling our needs in a precisious assets. We must acts to preserve and utilize every drop of water. Water resources can be assessed on the basis of surface and subsurface water bodies. Climate change impact on ground Water the impact of climate change on ground water has been studied much less than the impact on surface waters. Ground water reacts to climate change mainly due to change in ground water recharge, but also change in river level in response to increase in mean Temperature, precipitation ,variability and sea level as mean precipitations. Changing land use pattern due to increasing, urbanization, industrialization and agriculture activities are serious issues that causing increase ground water with drawal resulting in depletion of ground water resources and mining of ground water resources, along with deterioration of water quality. Rainfall is highly irregular and erratic and declining year to year due to change climatic conditions as result of serious deforestation global warming etc. Human health is affected by change in biodiversity and ecosystem. Climate change will affect the quality of drinking water and impact of fresh water availability and impact on public health. About 70% of Earth’s surface is water of which 97.5% is salty water and 2.5% is fresh water. Less than 1% of this 2.5% amount of freshwater is accessible. As sea water rise’s, salt water of ocean in filtrate as coastal fresh water due heavy rainfall and flooding waste more fertilizer and municipal sewage mixed with coastal fresh water and change alter into more oxygen dead zone. Weather extreme and climate variability is main driver of food production in recent global challenge. Recent global challenge food security, fresh water availability, increase incidence of extreme high sea level. Loss of agriculture reproduction and increase in food prices and changes in weather patterns and alter availability and quality of water in many part of world. Climate change is an on-going phenomenon. This will inevitably bring about numerous environmental problems, including alterations to the hydrological cycle, which is already heavily influenced by anthropogenic activity. Chemical fertlizer’s has been adversely affecting the flora, fauna as well as soil quality . more ever every year plant pathogen are causing loss of 10 to 20% of agricultural production world wide. Ground water will be vital to alleviate some of the worst drought situations. flooding and contaiminated water supplies, more intense weather events are likely to increase to risk of infectious disease epidemics and erosion of low-lying and costal land. Climate Chang will affect the quality of drinking Water and impact of fresh water availlablity and impact on public health it’s better to use UV Water purifiers. This paper will explore what climate change. Water is prime natural resources fulfilling our needs in a precisious assets.we must acts to preserve and utilize every drop of water. water resources can be assessed on the basis of surface and subsurface water bodies. Climate change imapact on ground Water the impact of climate change on ground water has been studied much less than the impact on surface waters. Ground water reacts to climate change mainly due to change in ground water recharge, but also change in river level in response to increase in mean Temperature, precipitation, variability and sea level as mean precipitations. Changing land use pattern due to increasing, urbanization, industrialization and agriculture activities are serious issues that causing increase ground water with drawal resulting in depletion of ground water resources and mining of ground water resources, along with deterioration of water quality. Rainfall is highly irregular and erratic and declining year to year due to change climatic conditions as result of serious global warming .Impacts of sea level rise on salinity intrusion global climate change has resulted in gradual sea level rise. sea level rise can cause saline water to migrate up stream in estuaries and rivers, thereby threating fresh water habitat and drinking- water supplies. Hydrology all the costal margin; fresh ground water flowing in land areas meets with saline ground water from the ocean. the fresh ground water flows from in land areas towards the coast where elevation and groundwater level are lower because salt water has higher content of dissolved salt and minerals. it denser the fresh water, causing it to have hydraulic head than freshwater. hydraulic head refers to the liquid pressure exerted by water column. the higher pressure density of salt water cause it to move into costal aquifiers in a wedge shape under the freshwater. the salt water and fresh water meets in a transition zone where mixing occurs through dispersion and diffusion.
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Harkison, Tracy, i Christopher Moore. "Can training prisoners through The Clink restaurants reduce reoffending?" Hospitality Insights 3, nr 2 (3.12.2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v3i2.67.
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The following is an interview conducted in May 2019 in the U.K. between Dr Tracy Harkison, a senior lecturer at AUT, and Chris Moore, CEO of The Clink Charity. The interview transcript was edited by Prof Alison McIntosh.
Tracy Harkison
Can you please explain to me how this initiative came to be established?
Chris Moore
The challenge was that the reoffending rates in the UK are really high. Forty-eight percent of people that leave prison go back within the first year. The catering manager at one of the prisons in the UK was cooking 3,000 hot meals a day for the prisoners in that prison, using prisoners, and in those days 60% of those prisoners were reoffending and returning back within the first year. He wasn’t happy with this and wanted to do something about it so he trained his staff up as trainers and assessors. They started delivering accredited City and Guilds national vocational qualifications (NVQ) and the prisoners did really well and they got those qualifications. They left with their certificates and skills, very proud, but sadly, it didn’t make any difference to the number returning.
So the next step was, he started to introduce employers. He did something called ‘Gourmet Lunches’ where once a month he’d bring in prospective employers and introduce them to prisoners who were qualified and nearing release. They’d have a nice meal, have a chat, get work, and not as many [prisoners] came back. So in 2009 the prison was going through an expansion and he asked if they could turn a new staff mess into a fine dining restaurant. He went out with a whole group of people and raised a lot of money and built a fine dining restaurant, and that’s how it started.
Tracy
What was the purpose?
Chris
The whole purpose of it is to reduce reoffending, but the by-product of that is, the hospitality industry in the UK has got a major skills shortage and it’s really hard to find qualified people so you’ve got a really huge untapped workforce of 82,000 men and 4,000 women in England and Wales – Scotland and Northern Ireland are separate – who we can train up and get into work. They’re a credible solution to the skills shortage.
Tracy
Did the establishment receive good initial support for its development?
Chris
It was set up by a government employee who was the prisons catering manager. He went out and was introduced to some philanthropic individuals, some grant-maintaining trusts and they raised some money, but he wasn’t allowed to operate the restaurant as a government employee. I suppose, before then, obviously working in a prison they’re very risk-adverse for security reasons and normally you don’t have people coming into the heart of the prison daily. In the year you’d probably have 100 people a year coming through the main gates. The restaurant actually has 100 people a day coming through the main gates at each of its prisons, so that’s quite a big risk. Having operated the prison for six months, a charity was formed and one of the first things they did was find me, so it went from there.
Tracy
In what ways do you think hospitality is a suitable industry to assist prisoners’ rehabilitation?
Chris
If you work in the hospitality industry it’s a way of life, not a job, because you’re working anti-social hours, so generally the people you work with you play with as well and they’re a family; you become tight-knit. So it’s really good because, going back to my original statement of “Lots of people are in prison because they’ve no family or the wrong family”, effectively catering is a family so it works really well. There’s a major skills shortage, the industry’s growing – I think it’s 6% a year at the moment – so there’s no problem with finding the jobs at all.
Tracy
Why do you think hospitality is so important?
Chris
For the graduates to work in […] because it’s a very unforgiving industry. It’s a family and everyone comes to it with their own unique skills and they can find their place. It’s a very diverse, varied […]. You can be a porter in the background talking to anybody or in a stockroom, or you can be like an actor on stage and running around the restaurant or the reception. So I think it’s good; it’s hard work; it’s long hours; it’s anti-social hours. Again, a lot of crimes happen in anti-social hours so you’re keeping them busy, and there’s a major skills shortage. And I think our model isn’t unique to the hospitality industry. We keep encouraging the government to look at other industries that have got skills shortages, so construction or hairdressing, it doesn’t really matter what it is, but by offering an integrating programme for an industry that has a skills shortage, it will work.
Corresponding author
Tracy Harkison can be contacted at: tracy.harkison@aut.ac.nz
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Blomgren, Constance, i Serena Henderson. "Addressing the K-12 Open Educational Resources Awareness Niche: A Virtual Conference Response". Alberta Journal of Educational Research 67, nr 1 (3.03.2021): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.55016/ojs/ajer.v67i1.56965.
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Since the 2002 UNESCO forum, raising awareness of the benefits and challenges to Open Educational Resources (OER) in higher education have been integral to the broader Open Education (OE) movement. In the K-12 sector, however, an understanding of OER has been less advanced, although there are pockets of K-12 OER innovators throughout Canada and the United States. The 2015 U.S. Department of Education #GoOpen initiative, had over 20 American states move toward the use of K-12 OER, and within Canada, various provinces have begun investigating OER for both financial and pedagogical reasons. Because the use of K-12 OER inheres curricular decisions from the classroom teacher to all levels of governance, the move toward OER additionally involves a variety of sophisticated and complex digital and system-wide supports. This shift from the legacy educational system to the emerging practices where educators employ participatory technologies to curate, share out, and use student-generated curricular content requires awareness-building of these pedagogical and technological changes. Despite these impending shifts, the awareness, use, and the advocacy for K-12 OER as a nascent topic for professional learning, at present there are no dedicated specialist councils or professional organizations to support Canadian K-12 OER educators. To address this professional learning need, a virtual satellite conference was offered for in-service teachers as part of a network supported through the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC), the Right to Research coalition, and the OpenCon platform. The OpenCon 2018 K-12 Athabasca virtual conference offered free professional learning regarding these changes in resource sourcing, creating, licensing, and sharing. Through meeting software, K-12 educators from Canada and beyond were able to learn about OER, Open Pedagogy, and the implications these changes bring to the teaching and learning processes. The virtual conference concluded with the Remix Panel that catalyzed topics from an OpenCon17 Berlin higher education discussion, remixing them for the K-12 context. Because this virtual conference has no precedent within Canada, the organizers of this inaugural event summarize its planning and execution, and explicate the significance of offering and archiving the presentations as part of the initiative to build a stronger awareness and understanding of K-12 OER current practices. Key words: open educational resources, open pedagogy, online teacher professional development, virtual conference, reflection-on-action Depuis le forum de l’UNESCO en 2002, la sensibilisation quant aux avantages et aux défis liés aux Ressources éducatives libres (REL) dans le contexte des études supérieures fait partie intégrante du mouvement pour l’éducation ouverte. Dans le domaine M-12 par contre, les REL sont moins bien connues, bien qu’il y ait des îlots d’innovateurs en REL partout au Canada et aux États-Unis. L’initiative du département de l’éducation des États-Unis en 2015, #GoOpen, a poussé plus de 20 états américains à se tourner vers l’emploi des REL de la maternelle à la 12e année. Au Canada, certaines provinces ont commencé à se pencher vers les REL pour des raisons financières et pédagogiques. Puisque l’emploi des REL dans un contexte M-12 implique des décisions relatives aux programmes scolaires, de l’enseignant en salle de classe jusqu’à tous les niveaux de gouvernance, la transition vers les REL implique également divers soutiens numériques sophistiqués et complexes à l’échelle du système. Cette transition vers des pratiques émergentes selon lesquelles les enseignants emploient des technologies participatives pour organiser, distribuer et utiliser du contenu pédagogique créé par les élèves exige une sensibilisation quant à ces changements pédagogiques et technologiques. Malgré ces changements imminents, la sensibilisation, l’utilisation et la promotion des REL de la maternelle à la 12e année comme sujet émergent en développement professionnel, il n’existe présentement aucun conseil spécialisé ni aucune organisation professionnelle pour appuyer les enseignants canadiens en M-12 relativement aux REL. Afin de répondre à ce besoin en formation professionnelle, une conférence satellite virtuelle a été offerte au personnel enseignant en service par un réseau appuyé par la Coalition de l’édition savante et des ressources académiques, la Right to Research coalition et la plateforme OpenCon. La conférence virtuelle OpenCon de Athabasca University en 2018 a offert un apprentissage professionnel gratuit sur ces changements touchant la recherche, la création, la concession de licences et le partage de ressources. Par le biais de logiciels de réunions virtuelles, du personnel enseignant M-12 du Canada et ailleurs ont pu apprendre sur les REL, la pédagogie ouverte et l’impact de ces changements sur les pratiques en enseignement et en apprentissage. La conférence virtuelle s’est terminée par le Remix Panel qui a fait la promotion de thèmes abordés lors d’une discussion portant sur les études supérieures à OpenCon17 Berlin tout en les adaptant au contexte M-12. Cette conférence virtuelle n’ayant aucun précédent au Canada, les organisateurs de cet événement inaugural en résument la planification et la mise en œuvre et expliquent la signification d’offrir et d’archiver les présentations dans le cadre de l’initiative visant une meilleure sensibilisation et compréhension des pratiques actuelles impliquant les REL en M-12. Mots clés : ressources éducatives libres, pédagogie ouverte, formation professionnelle en ligne pour le personnel enseignant, conférence virtuelle, réflexion sur l’action
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Simeoni, Ricardo. "Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Quantum Mechanical Perspective". UNET JOSS: Journal of Science and Society 2, nr 1 (9.05.2022): 20–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52042/unetjoss020103.
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Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) or systemic exertional intolerance disease (SEID), is an illness dominated by long-term fatigue persisting for more than six months, incapacitating to the point of sufferers being bedridden or housebound in some cases, and unexplained by some other underlying medical condition. CFS is also often characterised by unrefreshing sleep, post-exertional discomfort ranging from malaise to extreme exhaustion, orthostatic (upright posture) intolerance, muscle pain, cognitive impairment (including the commonly described symptom of "brain fog"), and deterioration in cellular bioenergetics [1-3]. Scientific estimates of the world-wide population percentage that suffer from CFS naturally vary, but a conservative estimate based on several studies is at least 0.4%, thereby equating to millions world-wide [1-4]. Thankfully, after decades of dismissal by some quarters, leading to despair and exasperation of sufferers, CFS is now widely accepted as a legitimate illness. However, while depreciating labels such as "yuppy flu" have subsequently been banished to recent history, this new-found acceptance provides comfort for sufferers only up to a certain point. Viz., CFS is still far from fully understood and is often described as a complex, multisystem illness with no clear pathological mechanisms or diagnostic biomarkers [1-3], from which treatment uncertainty ensues [1,2]. Sadly, due in no small part to this uncertainty and the illness characteristics of the opening paragraph, the suicide rate of CFS sufferers has been reported as approximately seven times that of their healthy counterparts [1,5]. The economic and other social impacts of CFS are difficult to determine because of the arbitrariness of case definitions, lack of evidence including prevalence data, diagnostic inability of some physicians due to factors such as disbelief and lack of understanding (one major survey [4] reveals that 62% of sufferers are not confident in their general physician’s understanding), and difficulty many sufferers have in explaining the symptoms of their illness (another survey [2] shows that a majority or substantial proportion, depending on factors such as country of origin, have difficulty explaining their illness to not only physicians but also family and friends). Societal impacts of CFS have nonetheless been assessed by various committees (e.g., associated with the United States’ Institute of Medicine) and working/action groups (e.g., associated with the European Union). As expected, the economic impact of CFS is formally declared to be significant, with the net income of a CFS household in Europe being substantially lower than general population households (i.e., individual productivity effect), and the total annual cost burden being tens of billions of dollars in the United States alone [1-4]. The World Health Organization generally classifies CFS as a neurological illness involving the central nervous system. Some notable and more specific examples of proposed CFS aetiology components are summarised below, with these examples reflecting the complex multisystem nature of CFS and not necessarily being mutually exclusive: • Recent studies suggest that CFS arises from functional changes in the brain, with spectroscopic and inflammatory brain changes (e.g., following repeated exercise) also demonstrated. However, uncertainty over the character, location and propensity of such changes remains and the need for further functional neuroimaging studies is recognised [2,3,6,7]. • A significant increase in red blood cell (RBC) stiffness is reported in CFS, suggesting that compromised RBC transport through microcapillaries may contribute to CFS aetiology and that this diminished deformability could form the basis of a first-pass diagnostic test [8]. Further to this point, the previously identified CFS characteristic of orthostatic intolerance (estimated to occur in up to 97% of cases) is linked to under-oxygenatation of the brain to which diminished RBC deformability is thought to be a contributing factor [9]. • Unusual RBC shape, leading to reduced blood flow and changes in molecular docking on the RBC surface, is reported in CFS [10]. The subsequent increase in the number of stomatocytes (RBCs that have lost their typical concave shape, due for example to membrane defect), adds to the previous point of diminished RBC deformability to support poor microcirculation as contributing to CFS aetiology. • Dysfunction of mitochondria (subcellular organelles within the cytoplasm of aerobic cells) is found in CFS, with the interference of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production being one of several consequences within the explanatory pathological pathway [11] (ATP is fundamentally essential for cellular-level metabolic energy requirements as outlined in Section 3). • CFS is largely resolved as not being attributable to some ongoing infection, endocrine disorder, or psychiatric condition [3,6]. While some similarly do not assign an immunological disorder attribution, more often over-stimulation or over-reaction of the immune system (hyperimmune response), impaired immune system response, immuno-inflammatory, and oxidative damage to the immune system, are all utilised expressions associated with CFS [3,6,8,1113], which in several research circles is described as a neuroimmune disease [1,11,14]. This immunological quandary again highlights the complexity of the ongoing medical challenge at hand. One clear aspect of CFS is that underlying pathophysiology implicates a range of different acute infections as onset triggers in a significant minority of cases (i.e., infections like Epstein-Barr, Ross River and the 2003 outbreak variant of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or SARS, viruses). No other medical or psychological factors are definitively implicated in CFS [7]. For many observers such triggerings are mindful of, if not directly related to, the crippling fatigue that is widely reported within contemporary media and recent studies as a lasting symptom of COVID-19. Such COVID-19-triggred CFS has led to the coined phrases of COVID-19 "long-haulers" or "long COVID", and has returned CFS to the public awareness spotlight [12]. However, too familiarly the lack of definitive CFS biomarkers is again confirmed by long COVID research, and sadly the dismissive attitudes of some in the medical profession is also a point of exasperation for long COVID sufferers [12], contributing for example to the in-desperation-establishment of a "long COVID kids" Facebook site in the United Kingdom. Established treatments, such as cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and graded exercise therapy (GET), primarily aim to manage the symptoms and improve the overall function of sufferers. The confounding nature of CFS extends to these treatments, since there is wide ongoing debate over their effectiveness [1,15]. For example, while GET is shown to benefit some, for others it is essentially considered just "cruel". A host of alternative treatments, some of which may be described as holistic or naturopathic or similar, naturally also exist, such as cryogenic, floatation and oxygen therapies, to name just a few. It is not the intention or place of the present article to compare, critique or scientifically review such treatments. It will simply be stated that, at least anecdotally, some such treatments seem to bring relief to some individuals (which is a positive outcome for those lucky enough to find any relief), but certainly most do not consider these treatments to be CFS cures or long-term major alleviators for the majority. Contemporary scientific scrutiny into how COVID-19 can damage the brain [13,16,17], and suggesting that the virus’ fatigue and adverse neurological effects (such as loss of smell and taste, altered mental states that can lead to the development of psychoses, and brain shrinkage in regions essential for processing memory, cognition and emotion) are indeed due to some hyperimmune response with neuroinflammation, does however offer many CFS sufferers new hope. Viz., hope that as a result of such scrutiny highly effective treatments (e.g., neural rewiring therapies [16]) and eventual cure await, even with the caveat of caution around some uncertain degree of overlap between COVID and non-COVID CFS. The present article’s title with cartoon of a fatigued physicist upon first glance likely appears incongruous. However, while some delight was taken in choosing this "humorous-to-a-physicist" title, the article is journalistically serious and does not make light of CFS. Rather, in addition to the above CFS overview, the article reflects upon a presented clinical Case Study of a seemingly recovering CFS sufferer, to form a justified CFS hypothesis for future testing. The to-be-formed hypothesis follows from the unique neuro-perspectives of [18], which explore central nervous system impulse encoding revelations via a new approach to high-order electroencephalogram (EEG) phase analysis. Given that CFS has a neurological component, can these new perspectives be applied to the area of CFS, and in particular to the to-be-presented Case Study of recovery? While this tangent might seem a long bow to draw, perhaps a fresh CFS perspective is just what is currently needed. Despite the quantum mechanical aspects to come and references [18] and [19], the latter on a discrete oscillator phase noise effect applied within phase-shift keying radiofrequency (RF) digital signal modulation, being recommended prior readings for those with a biomedical engineering or similar background, no such specialist backgrounds are assumed for readers. In brief, the present article represents academic (science and medicine) journalism that is hopefully considered high-interest, and shares via Case Study the clinical/medical results, collated over several years, for a scientifically dependent individual. The eventually formed hypothesis is intended for testing within a future formalised study, and so presently may be countered by alternative explanatory hypotheses, such as placebo and simple recovery coincidence, which are also identified.
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Wardhana, Dharendra. "Post-Pandemic Development: Sluggish or Rapid Recovery?" Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning 1, nr 3 (30.12.2020): i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.46456/jisdep.v1i3.104.
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The year 2020 will be recorded in world history as one of the most challenging periods. With the benefit of hindsight from previous crises, humanity will eventually (and this time hopefully) prevail. Covid-19 pandemic which has been around for a full calendar year sets a reminder and a call for us to adapt with a new mindset to embrace the new normal in our life. Not many countries can strike a delicate balance between saving lives and protecting livelihoods during this difficult time. Obviously, most developing countries have been struggling to control this seemingly intractable calamity from the first day of the outbreak.
Covid-19 pandemic has sent the world one strong message, it is that we are only as safe as the most vulnerable among us. This indicates the central place of solidarity in our life. While we are predicting the emergency-authorized vaccine as the “game-changer”, estimating the outcome in the following years leads us to numerous possibilities and scenarios. Questions surrounding vaccine distribution, efficacy rate, and unintended consequences will still linger. Narrowing down the probabilities will lead us to two contrasting scenarios either growth will be propelled immediately or growth will not be accelerated due to various factors.
Echoing previous editorial notes, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on SDGs targets (also to other global and national development plans) can be mixed. The quintessential question is on how we maintain positive outcomes when the pandemic is over and how to get back on the right track. Apparently, many development targets need to be revised and some if not most of them might not be easy to catch up with. This situation arguably sets a backdrop for “the great reset” where all development strategies need to be restarted, policies have to be scrutinized, and targets must be re-calibrated.
Undoubtedly, making predictions these days is not an easy job indeed. Too many variables and events need to be taken into account so as to reflect the complex world we live in. Sophisticated statistical methods and state-of-the-art computation technology do not really guarantee accuracy. It only needs a shock which makes our prediction becomes irrelevant. Many these days acknowledge VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity) as inherent characteristics of modern development. This poses serious challenges for those who work as planners in various contexts. Revising our projection might increase credibility but nobody knows for how long the revised targets will remain in a dynamic setting like nowadays.
The year 2020 gives a lesson that we seemingly learn the hard way. One important lesson is on finding the correct perspective in viewing government spending. For many years we have seen the dominant role of government spending in development and it becomes more prominent when the economy stagnates. However, we have also been constantly looking for a better way to increase the quality of spending and more importantly: the way we measure it. Apparently, it seems, current measurement is inextricably linked with rigid public accounting standard which does not allow much flexibility and largely fulfills an administrative purpose. Sadly, it tends to normalize the “gold standard” of government spending: “the more we spend, the better” which unfortunately reveals the downside of such a spending pattern. That explains the acceleration of absorption rate at the end of the fiscal year, anecdotes on a spending frenzy, and whimsical disbursement for the sake of spending.
Alternative measurement like efficiency score needs to be introduced immediately as a replacement of current performance indicators which is merely based on the monetary-based absorption rate of the annual budget. A simplistic method of budget absorption rate might still be relevant with tangible projects like infrastructure but it might be barely sensible within the context of intangible activities such as research, studies, advisory, and other knowledge sector-related projects.
In order to reduce the Covid-19 contagion, governments opt for mobility restriction which consequently causes almost entirely business activities into the hold. Travelling and MICE industries—which arguably predominates government spending on knowledge-sector as well as one of the most prioritized sectors in the economy—have been hit the hardest during the pandemic. The inefficiency problem has been rising to the surface and this time should attract more attention to policymakers and scholars. This sends an urgent call for those who are competent to develop a correct alternative to measure one’s performance.
Indeed, government spending is considered as the prime mover during difficult times and plays a pivotal role to accelerate economic recovery. However, the quality of spending will determine policy effectiveness. Mobility restriction brings a corollary that practices like working from home, digital economy, and assistive technology become a new normal. Numerous companies in developed countries pledged to resume this highly efficient and environment-friendly practice even after the pandemic. Yet, we have to ponder upon this shift into the context of developing countries where the informal economy is still rampant with the labor force population entering its peak. Probably unbeknownst to many, this “inefficiency” and negative externality (air pollution, road congestion, disposed waste) somehow correlates with employment creation and significantly acts as an economic multiplier. Finding the balance between “multiplier” and “efficiency” on government spending is therefore another issue that should be on the problem-solving bucket list. With quality spending, the policy effectiveness will lead to better outcomes which hopefully will bring rapid recovery.
Not only have the Covid-19 crisis taken a heavy toll on people’s lives, but it also made a dent in the global economy. Its adverse impact on jobs, livelihoods, poverty, and inequality has been reversing some of the gains that countries had made over the past few decades. To contain the damage, countries the world over have been adopting and adapting various policies to protect their populations and stabilize the economy. Problems and challenges that remain unsolved before the pandemic have been looking for solutions. Therefore, in this issue, we invite authors from diverse academic backgrounds to present their works not exclusively revolving around topics on Covid-19 pandemic but also to other important themes such as poverty (Nuryitmawan), urban planning (Sari et al), public finance (Putri), disaster mitigation (Erlinna), environment (Yazawa and Shimizu), well-being measurement (Suriadi and Kususanto), middle class (Pratomo et al), and tourism (Warganegara). We invite the readership to give us feedback on these articles and we surely welcome submissions on other topics from all fields of science in the upcoming issue.
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Matthews, J. Brian. "Physics of Climate Change: Harmonic and exponential processes from in situ ocean time series observations show rapid asymmetric warming." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 6, nr 2 (2.12.2014): 1135–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v6i2.6960.
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Analyses of rare ocean timeseries in the top few meters show logarithmic and exponential processes control anthropogenic global warming (AGW) of which 93% is in the oceans. Processes result in asymmetric heat capture in the North and South tropical Pacific. A new Lagrangian paradigm established a global ocean surface freshwater and heat conveyor. Climate research wrongly assumed atmospheric pan-evaporation at sea as over land, a 10m well-mixed surface layer, and ignored that seawater density depends on both salinity and temperature. In situ observations show two different heat-capture and evaporation regimes exist dependent on surface temperature and salinity. The tropical North Pacific is temperature dominant, but other tropical oceans are salinity dependent. Incident solar radiation is cyclical and greenhouse gas (GHG) heat-capture is exponential and cumulative. The rate of GHG-caused climate change is disputed and not quantitatively evaluated. A target limit of total atmospheric temperature rise of <2°C is forecast from 30 to 100 years, or not at all. It is based on doubling of total carbon emissions from the long-term stable 280ppm to 560ppm. Here we show solar cycles became less significant compared to exponentially rising GHG heat capture after the 1957 solar maximum Keeling Point. The doubling time for exponential warming is ~20 years at -0.030-0.037°Cyr-1. GHG warming of is now ~1°C. At present rates, exponential increases add +1°C in ~20yr, +2°C in ~40yr, +4°C in ~60yr, 8°C in ~80yr above existing levels. Post-1957 carbon dioxide concentration GHG forcing is also doubling in ~20yrs at 0.0268ppmyr-1. It rose from 1957-1976 by 17.1ppm, and from 1977-1996 by 34.4ppm. A further doubling by 68.4ppm would bring total emissions to 435ppm by 2017. It exceeded 400ppm in 2014. Carbon dioxide accounts for three quarters of the GHGs. Of the others, methane and HCFCs already may be out of control. Ocean surface temperature anomalies are close to the proposed +2°C limit. Century-long records in 5yr anomalies in the North Pacific show peaks of +1.6°C at the surface in 1995, and +1.3°C at 5m. North Atlantic peaks were +1.12°C in 2005 consistent Arctic freshwater fluxes. Central England temperature (CET) 5-yr peak air anomaly was +1.3°C in 2004 consistent with a rapid response in air due to low heat capacity. 2014 is a record year for temperatures and carbon dioxide total emissions. Pacific sub-surface water warmed faster than at the surface. The freshwater lid that thickened limits heat loss. The annual cycled heat increased by 3MJm-3 over 100yr at Isle of Man, by 1MJm-3 over 88yr at Scripps Pier surface, and by 4MJm-3 over 78yr at 5m. The post-1986 annual Arctic ice heat cycle decreased by -2,633MJm-3. Before 1986 tropical heat was offset against polar melt and runoff at Port Erin. After, exponentially decreasing Arctic ice reduced thickness from 1.9m-1.4m but surface area decreased more slowly than volume. This accounts for the observed increased polar ice formation surface layer at <4°C and <24.7‰ in Polar Seas. Process rate differences derive from the ~3000x greater heat capacity of water to air (3.9x106: 1.3x103Jm-3°C-1), and the ~1000x greater density (1023: 1.2 kgm-3). The top 10m operates on decadal timescales. Heat is trapped under a surface freshwater lid. Sub-surface heat penetration is on centennial and millennial timescales. It takes ~250yr since the industrial revolution for two thirds of AGW to reach ~300m. The flux of heat and freshwater through Bering Strait doubled from 2000-2007. It accounts for one third of surface layer meltwater fluxes into the Labrador Current at a rate of ~0.85Sv. The Atlantic inflow of ~8.5Sv accounts for the remainder with an Arctic residence time above the halocline of ~2.5-6 years. This is consistent with the three and half years at the Isle of Man between the seasonal 1959 October high and the record 1963 February low. The Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) compensates the land-locked Pacific surface layer bringing warm salty water under the Panama freshwater warm pool. We suggest the doubled warming of the North Pacific led to a quasi-permanent loop in the sub-polar jet stream. Warm air driven over Beringia displaces cold polar air to the North American mid-west. This resulted in continuous extreme weather over central North America in 2013-2014. In the southern hemisphere high evaporation resulted in record precipitation that temporarily reduced sealevels in 2012. Changed ocean ecological systems have been reported. The Pacific warming led to enhanced hurricane frequency from the Panama warm pool as well as super typhoons in the western North Pacific. North America now has hurricane seasons on both coasts and Hawaii, and extreme weather year-round. The warm tropical Gulf Stream/Columbus and Viking polar gyre boundary shifted northwards in the mid 1990s. It shows at Port Erin in a 1990s high seasonal salinity. After the millennium until records ceased in 2006, a seasonal freshwater layer was observed, consistent with a thickened freshwater lid over high salinity tropical water. Most long-term continuous records in the top 5m ceased in the mid 1980s. We suggest the ocean layer is warming exponentially and freshening. Global Ocean warming is known as the tragedy of the commons. Solutions include individual ownership and responsibility through, for example, managing fisheries by individual transferable quotas. The Zero Marginal Cost Society, the adopted goal of the UN and world leaders, requires a painful paradigm transition from a Newtonian to a Thermodynamic stable sustainable no-growth system. The option of population control cannot succeed in time. The EU leaders‟ commitment to reduce GHG requires reduction of ~8.9ppmyr-1 for the next 16 years to 2030. It is the only viable solution. However, it requires binding global commitments to a new paradigm conserving thermodynamic principles of maximized use of Earth‟s natural resources. In economic terms this means narrowing the gap between rich and poor and deflation to stability of zero growth. Without immediate implementation, we suggest the exponential growth will continue, and may already be beyond control. Our work needs further experimental verification in the near-surface ocean on short space and timescales especially along meridional transects. The Isle of Man and Galapagos Islands, with both tropical and polar water, are ideal to establish constant monitoring of temperature, salinity, pH currents, and sealevel at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10m along with standard Met observations including pan evaporation and precipitation on purpose-build piers. Ocean-side measurements allow data to be collected efficiently with calibrated instruments if part of well-funded independent University–level research. This way a new generation of young scientists well trained in classical physics can establish the scientific truth through experimental verification. This could proceed as part of a crash program to develop alternative natural energy resources based on geothermal heat exchange, pumped storage, tides and tidal currents, solar, winds and renewable carbon until nuclear fusion comes online as the ultimate solution.
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McGrath, Alister E. "Science and Religion: A New Introduction, 3rd ed." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 73, nr 1 (marzec 2021): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf3-21mcgrath.
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SCIENCE AND RELIGION: A New Introduction, 3rd edition by Alister E. McGrath. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2020. 272 pages. Paperback; $28.99. ISBN: 9781119599876. *Alister McGrath is a major international scholar who is prolific in his output. He has produced many popular books and academic tomes, and as a theological educator his output also includes many textbooks for students. Science and Religion: A New Introduction is now into its third edition and is an excellent introduction to the whole field of science and religion. The restructuring and inclusion of new material is designed to be helpful to the student, and reflects comments on the previous editions. The book introduces most of the areas of interaction between these bodies of thought, and I myself have used earlier editions in my own teaching, giving students a chapter of McGrath to start with for an essay, followed by more detailed material from elsewhere. *McGrath notes that science and religion are wide categories and serious study entails narrowing them down. He describes Ian Barbour's four models for interaction followed by what he calls four ways of imagining the relationship between them. The conflict model is rightly dismissed as a late nineteenth-century myth, and areas where conflict has been perceived, notably with Galileo and Darwin, are given the more nuanced treatment they deserve, thus dispelling the myths surrounding them. McGrath also gives a broader historical overview, refuting the further myth that the scientific revolution owed nothing to the medieval period. He describes the development of the Newtonian mechanistic model of the universe and brings us to the twentieth century with the development of the Big Bang theory. Regarding this last, it would have been good to note the pioneering work of Roman Catholic priest Georges Lemaître, often dubbed the "Father of the Big Bang," who, in contrast to Alexander Friedman, regarded solutions of Einstein's equations as physically realistic and not just mathematical curiosities. *McGrath moves on to a helpful chapter on religion and the philosophy of science. Some form of realism seems predominant and, indeed, the most rational position to take. It is interesting to note the adoption of "critical realism," including not only by science-religion scholars such as John Polkinghorne and others, but also such as the biblical scholar N. T. Wright and James Dunn. McGrath moves on to the role of explanation in science, noting how in science there are different methods for different sciences, and thus different levels of explanation across the different subdisciplines. Theology too has its own methods appropriate to its own object but there are differing views on the role of explanation. He discusses an important case study, that of "non-reductive physicalism" associated with Nancey Murphy and others. He also gives criteria for drawing an "inference to the best explanation." Various perspectives on the philosophy of science--logical positivism and the criteria of verification, falsificationism, and Kuhn's paradigm shifts--are discussed. Worthy of mention here would have been Imre Lakatos whose "methodology of scientific research programmes" has been applied to theology by Philip Hefner and Nancey Murphy. *Complementing the above there follows a useful chapter on science and the philosophy of religion. McGrath describes arguments for the existence of God, beginning with Aquinas's five ways. A section on the Kalām cosmological argument notes how this has been given a new lease on life by the Big Bang theory's postulation of a temporal origin to the universe, although it would have been good to note that the existence of the universe would demand an explanation even if it were to lack a temporal origin. He gives a careful analysis of Paley's natural theology, noting neglected aspects of Paley's work such as his responses to arguments of David Hume. He examines ways in which God may act in the world given the laws of nature uncovered by science, including through miracles, where he notes Hume's critique. However, as McGrath rightly says, Hume's critique needs to be qualified, since, on the one hand, he defines miracles as violations of laws of nature and yet, on the other, has a problem with inductive generalizations from past experience--which is just what laws of nature are. McGrath rightly sees evolutionary arguments debunking religion as committing the genetic fallacy and self-defeating if human rationality is flawed, since that could equally well affect judgments in areas other than religion, notably science. There is a good section on natural theology and the role of explanation. *In the next chapter, McGrath turns to models and analogies: first, as found within the natural sciences and then, within religion. After considering what the terms mean more generally, he gives specific examples for the sciences, including the kinetic theory of gases, wave-particle duality, Galileo's analogical reasoning which led him to postulate mountains on the moon, and Darwin's metaphor of "natural selection." In the theological sphere, he considers Aquinas's notion of analogia entis whereby the creation bears a likeness to its creator, and Ian Ramsey's model of the "divine economy" utilizing the Greek concept of oikonomia. He looks at Arthur Peacocke's theological application of models as linked to "critical realism," and Sally McFague's metaphors in theology--though he could perhaps have allowed more than one sentence on Janet Soskice. He then examines specific theological examples: creation and theories of the atonement. He has a helpful section on the notion of "mystery" in science and religion before returning to Ian Barbour on models. *McGrath's final chapter considers a number of contemporary debates. Noting Hume's distinction between "ought" and "is" he critiques the idea that science, say, evolutionary biology or neuroscience, can determine ethics and moral values. That leads to a more general critique of the imperialist stance that science can answer all interesting questions or that the only reality is that disclosed by science. An interesting example is mathematics, which discovers truths that do not belong to the natural sciences. It is also utterly astonishing that mathematics is effective in describing nature and very hard to explain on an atheistic view. *An important area considered is theodicy, which is arguably made more difficult by the long process of evolution, preceding the existence of humans by hundreds of millions of years. McGrath provides an overview of the helpful contributions of Christopher Southgate and his former student Bethany Sollereder. For these scholars, there is "no other way" for God to create such a rich diversity of creatures, with whom God suffers, and for whom God will bring eschatological fulfilment. On transhumanism, McGrath describes the approaches of Philip Hefner and Ted Peters who, while recognizing the creativity of technological enhancement, are also aware that, given fallen human nature, this can also be abused. *McGrath returns to the anthropic principle and fine-tuning. He says that fine-tuning is strongly consistent with a theistic perspective, but the debate about a multiverse as a possible explanation continues. He also considers the legitimacy of teleological language and directionality in biology. Simon Conway Morris's notion of convergent evolution may be the "best explanation" of what is observed and is resonant with a religious perspective but, like cosmological fine-tuning, does not prove that God exists. *McGrath concludes with two sections on the psychology of religion, considering whether this field can "explain away" religion. Religion may be "natural," but it is debatable as to whether that has any implication at all about the existence of God. Moreover, it is a long way from primitive apprehension of some vague supernatural agent to the systematic theology of, say, Thomas Aquinas or Karl Barth. To my mind, this is not unlike the difference--to give a scientific analogy--between the discovery of fire by early humans and the modern scientific understanding of combustion. *This is an excellent introduction to the field and very well suited to its pedagogic purpose. There are a few typographical errors (e.g., "magisterial" for "magisteria"). I also noticed that British cosmologist Paul Davies is mistakenly described as American. But these and my earlier minor points should not detract from a volume that provides a vital resource to educators and their students. *Reviewed by Rodney Holder, Emeritus Course Director, The Faraday Institute for Science and Religion, Cambridge, UK CB3 0UB.
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Watt, F. M. "On science publishing in general and JCS in particular". Journal of Cell Science 113, nr 1 (1.01.2000): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.1.1.
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It's not often that you are asked to come up with an article to a strict deadline but with absolutely no constraints as to the content. It's a challenge but also a luxury. Without a moment's hesitation I chose the journal as my topic. After all it is in JCS that I published my first papers; its editorial board was the first editorial board that I joined; and, of course, since I became Editor-in-Chief it has occupied a significant proportion of my waking thoughts. I was a PhD student in the laboratory of one of the Editors of the journal (now retired), and so it seemed natural that my thesis work would be published in JCS (though, come to think of it, no other options were on offer). We worked hard on my first manuscript until we had it in a form that we were satisfied with. I then left the manuscript with my advisor and, a few days later, he told me that the referees were positive and that the paper was now in press. (Oh happy days - now that I'm Editor my papers get rejected from JCS with some regularity.) While this gave me a very positive experience of science publishing in general and of JCS in particular, it did leave me completely unprepared for the more conventional review process. I was quite shocked when, as a postdoc, I submitted my first paper to a non-JCS journal (J. Cell Biol. in fact) and received referees' reports that were a) in writing, b) critical and c) took almost two months to arrive. I also discovered that JCS did not enjoy the same star billing at MIT as in Oxford and, when I rushed to the library to see my precious papers in print, it was some time before I located the journal in a dusty corner of the building. So, as we hurtle into the new Millennium, are my experiences as a PhD student relevant to publishing in JCS today? I believe that the answer is yes, for two reasons. First, because JCS still strives to be very author-friendly and, second, because any journal inevitably reflects the personalities and tastes of its Editors. JCS has always put the author first. Tangible examples of this philosophy are the open and rapid review process (ahem, I know we do slip up occasionally, so no need to interrupt my New Year hangover with any reminders), rapid, high quality publication, lack of page charges, free reprints and free colour. These features of the journal have undoubtedly benefited non-JCS authors, as competitor journals have been forced to adopt some of our policies. We are also unusual in being owned by a non-profit organisation that is committed to returning the (not inconsiderable) profits of the journal to the scientific community, through support for conferences, grants to allow scientists to visit other laboratories, and so on. While being kind to authors isn't controversial (is it?), the issue of journal content certainly is. We all grumble that such and such a journal ‘likes’ one research area and ‘dislikes’ another, and there is no doubt that for any given journal it is easier to publish some types of paper than others (thereby, of course, creating a convenient niche for new journals to fill). Here I would make two points: you can't publish papers that aren't submitted; and it is much easier to edit a journal with a modest number of submissions (JCS pre-1992) than to edit one in which the number of submissions exceeds the page allocation by a factor of greater than four (JCS at the cusp of the Millennium). As the impact factor of JCS has crept upwards, submissions have soared, but there is still a need to attract stronger papers, and so I spend a fair amount of time talking to potential authors and soliciting manuscripts, using any of the inducements at my disposal (sliding scale available on request). Along the way I seem to spend a lot of time over drinks in dingy conference bars, listening to authors' tales of cruel mistreatment at the hands of other journals; sometimes it is a struggle to remember exactly what I promised once I am safely back in my own lab. My tastes in cell biology are famously eclectic, but at some point in the last few years we no longer had space to publish all the scientifically sound papers that were being submitted. We were forced to resort to editorial rejections. This is when an Editor decides that a piece of work should not appear in the journal, even if the referees were to be positive, and therefore that the paper should not be sent out for review. Ouch! It always hurts to have a paper rejected in this way. We bend over backwards to spell out at the front of the journal the type of paper that will be editorially rejected and to explain the reasons for rejection in the decision letter to the author. An author can always appeal, in which case we will almost always send the paper out for review (and sadly the referees almost always tick the ‘too descriptive’, insufficient advance' or ‘insufficient general interest’ box on the report form). Even if space were not a limitation (and it will not be when hard copy journals disappear) there would still be the constant desire to improve the quality of the journal, the crude index of which is the impact factor. It is worth pointing out that the motivation to publish better and better science is largely the Editors' own and has almost nothing to do with the commercial success of the journal. It comes as a surprise to most scientists to discover that a large portfolio of journals with tiny circulations and mediocre content can potentially make as much money as one blockbuster journal; if the authors pay high enough page charges you enter the lucrative world of vanity publishing. Nor does it matter if a journal has a life span of only a few years; its demise is devastating for the scientists who put so much effort into it, but for the publisher it can simply be replaced with another new journal and another new title. Oops, I am beginning to sound cynical (but remember that I am writing this in 1999 and the rays of the new Millennium have yet to warm my soul). If the discrepancy between commercial success and scientific success is one issue that I brood on, the other is the growing ‘professionalisation’of science publishing. ‘Amateur’ editors, such as myself, who combine editing with running a research lab, are not quite an endangered species, but we are probably decreasing in number. We are being replaced by people who have left bench science after a PhD and, often, postdoctoral training and have taken up science publishing as a career. There have always been PhDs involved in different aspects of journal publishing, but I am thinking particularly of the growing numbers who actually determine the scientific content of the journal. At their best professional Editors are unparalleled in the flair that they bring to the job - witness the legendary Miranda Robertson and Benjamin Lewin. At their worst they have the mentality of failed postdocs, their understanding of science frozen at the point where they retired, injured, from the fray. At conferences they will assiduously take notes during the talks by their former colleagues and stare blankly into space when subjects that they are unfamiliar with are presented. They become fashion junkies, unable to decide for themselves what their journal should be publishing this season. The JCS experience of ‘professionalisation’, I hasten to add, has been totally positive (otherwise this bit would have been mysteriously edited out!). By recruiting a staff editor we have been able to take new initiatives we simply didn't have the time or energy for before. Without him ‘Editorials’, ‘In This Issue’ and a constant flow of interesting review articles would never have become reality - and there are plenty of other innovations in the pipeline. I believe in a partnership between the amateurs and the professionals, with the amateurs providing an accountability and a practical perspective that can only come from being active in the lab. No article about science publishing is complete without some pontification on electronic publishing. I'm all for it (electronic publishing, that is) for all the reasons that are rehearsed ad nauseam, but also out of nostalgia for those papers I published when I was a PhD student. Electronic publication can free us from the severe restrictions that are currently imposed on the length of individual articles. Of course it is already possible to publish supplementary material, such as movies and methods, on journal web sites, but what I would like to see is a return to longer reference lists. When I was beavering away on my first JCS paper, I took great trouble to cite all the relevant literature, both recently published and ancient (i.e. more than three years old). These days, so often, in the interests of space we restrict our citations to the newest papers, the papers in the top three journals or, worse, avoid the primary publications altogether and rely on reviews. All too often the Acknowledgements at the end of an article will include a blanket apology to those authors whose work could not be cited owing to lack of space. It would be doing science a great service if we could, once more, enjoy the luxury and the responsibility of placing our own work both in the context of the papers that preceded it and in a wider context than our own narrow research area. So, happy Millennium - and thank you to all the unsung heroes of JCS: the authors, referees, Editors and board members and all the staff who miraculously turn the constant deluge of accepted papers into a rather fine journal.