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1
Simpson, Malcolm Robert. "Knowledge of safe sex practices and HIV transmission, propensity for risk taking, and alcohol/drug use in the aetiology of unprotected sex". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007421.
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Second year psychology students (N=176) from Rhodes University were surveyed using an anonymous questionnaire to obtain information on sexual behaviour and knowledge of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among young people. The following information was obtained: Knowledge of safe sex practices and HIV transmission was high although a number of misconceptions were noted. Only fifty six percent of students viewed oral sex with a condom as safe and thirty one percent do not consider mutual masturbation with a condom safe. Thirteen percent and twenty five percent respectively identified insects and saliva as being routes of HIV transmission. Magazines (96%), informal discussions with friends (95%), public pamphlets (86%) and public television (79%) were preferred sources of information. The students' knowledge did not appear to significantly affect sexual behaviour. Eighty percent of respondents were intimately involved with another person during the past twelve months, and only fifteen percent always made use of a latex barrier when being sexually intimate. Despite high rates of alcohol and/or drug consumption (80% of students use such substances), and the belief by the majority of respondents that alcohol and/or drugs facilitate higher risk behaviours, no support for the alcohol/risky sex hypothesis was found. Students were found to score highly on proneness to psychological and behavioural risk taking, and no significant relationship between this and unprotected sex was found. It can be concluded that educational programmes need to focus on what constitutes safe sexual practices in order to equip young adults with the knowledge they need to make informed choices regarding the relative risks of various sexual activities.
2
Agocha, V. Bede. "Safer-sex decision making : a motivated cognition explanation of its underlying mechanisms /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3036803.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001.Library wanting Figure 11 which is missing from manuscript. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-120). Also available on the Internet.
3
Begum, Khurshida Pimonpan Isarabhakdi. "Impact of HIV/AIDS prevention program on safe sex practice among brothel based commercial sex workers in Bangladesh /". Abstract, 2003. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2546/cd357/4538001.pdf.
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Kosay, Homenouhak Jutatip Sillabutra. "Safe sex intention toward HIV/AIDS prevention among high school students of Khammoune province, Lao P.D.R. /". Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd415/5038112.pdf.
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Haochu, Li Pimpawun Boonmongkon. "Homosexuality in contemporary chinese society : implications for HIV/AIDS prevention /". Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd388/4737913.pdf.
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Kumarawansa, W. K. W. S. Boonyong Keiwkarnka. "Safe sex intention towards HIV/AIDS prevention among secondary school students of Khon Pathom province, Thailand /". Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd387/4837998.pdf.
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Shaw, Patricia M. "Lesbian women and AIDS : a literature review and discussion group for lesbian women on sexual health and safer sex education for prevention of HIV infection". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=118289.
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Research on AIDS and women is recent and focuses almost exclusively on the heterosexual population. Despite research on the sexual behavior of young women which asserts that lesbians are at low risk for exposure to HTV, many lesbians engage in high risk practices and are therefore at risk for infection. In order for AIDS education for this population to be effective, it must be designed spedfically to meet identified needs. [...]
8
Kyaw, Soe Nyunt Boonyong Keiwkarnka. "Safe sex behavior towards HIV/AIDS among Myanmar reproductive aged migrants in Muang district, Samutsakhon province, Thailand /". Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd414/5038029.pdf.
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Vambe, Debrah. "A study of KAP of circumcirsed men towards safe sex in Manakayabe District in Swaziland". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79956.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: World Health Organisation (WHO) and UNAIDS named male circumcision as a key intervention in halting the spread of HIV in Africa. Several countries in sub-Saharan Africa with low levels of male circumcision (MC) and high HIV prevalence are scaling up MC services, Swaziland being one of them. Despite the circumcisions done in Swaziland it seems there is no significant decrease in HIV prevalence which might be due to various reasons. One of the reasons noted was the behaviour of men after circumcision because of the belief of total of immunity. This has led to an increase in high risk behaviour, increased promiscuity, multiple partners, more unsafe sex and failure to use condoms, thereby defeating the own stated purpose. Objectives: 1) To identify the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of circumcised men towards safe sex. 2) To establish the existing knowledge of the relationship between circumcision and HIV prevention. 3) To establish whether men in Swaziland take part in riskier sexual behaviour after or before being circumcised. 4) To make recommendations for the counseling programme. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study whereby both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection was used. Simple random sampling was used to select circumcised men from Mankayane hospital, Mankayane and Holy Rosary high schools and a total of 90(60 adults and 30 teenagers) filled in self- administered questionnaires and also took part in focus group discussions. Purposive sampling was used to choose the MC Counsellors and in-depth interviews were done to complement the information on knowledge, attitudes and practices of men towards safe sex before, during and after circumcision. An observation checklist was also used to check what they included in their counselling sessions. Results: The responses solicited from the men who participated in this study show that there is basic knowledge with regards to safe sex and the value of MC in the prevention of HIV. The pattern in the data however shows that those that were the most recent to undergo medical circumcision had the most varied opinions on the extent to which MC protect one from HIV. There was mixed attitude towards safe sex after circumcision, some wanting to maximise their satisfaction without using protection. The data also points to a pattern were the men have a high relationship turnover and this was more discernible among the teenagers who suggest that the relationships are not built on commitment but possible experimentation. While the study did not have control that tracked uncircumcised men for comparative purposes, the findings point to inconsistent use of condoms among men which heightens the risk of HIV transmission. The results point to a well-structured programme of counseling followed by MC counselors. Conclusion: The study was able to satisfy the aim and objectives. The research process was designed to collect the necessary data and be analysed in a manner that answered the research question. The research target population and subsequent sample represented the geographical scope of the study. The research tools were designed to be easy for the respondents to use. The distribution and collection method was designed to give the respondents less hassle as possible. This had a positive impact on the response rate, which increased the validity of the data collected. Both the literature review and primary research findings affirm that MC without behaviour change is not the panacea for prevention of HIV.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Wêreldgesondheidsorganisasie (WGO) en UNAIDS het manlike besnydenis as ’n belangrike intervensie uitgewys om die verspreiding van MIV in Afrika te stuit. Verskeie lande in Afrika suid van die Sahara met lae vlakke van manlike besnydenis (MB) en hoë vlakke van MIV is tans besig om MB-dienste uit te brei, en Swaziland is geen uitsondering nie. Ondanks die besnydenis wat in Swaziland gedoen word, blyk daar egter geen beduidende afname in MIV te wees nie. Dít kan aan verskillende redes toegeskryf word. Een daarvan is mans se gedrag ná besnyding vanweë hul oortuiging dat hul geheel en al immuun is. Dit het tot ’n toename in hoërisikogedrag, meer promiskuïteit, veelvuldige bedmaats, meer onveilige seks en ’n gebrek aan kondoomgebruik gelei, wat uiteraard die doel verydel. Oogmerke: 1) Om besnyde mans se kennis, houdings en praktyke met betrekking tot veilige seks te bepaal. 2) Om bestaande kennis oor die verband tussen besnydenis en MIV-voorkoming te bepaal. 3) Om vas te stel of mans in Swaziland voor of ná besnyding geneig is tot meer riskante seksuele gedrag. 4) Om aanbevelings te doen vir die MB-beradingsprogram. Metodologie: ’n Deursnee- analitiese studiebenadering met sowel kwalitatiewe as kwantitatiewe datainsamelingsmetodes is gevolg. Met behulp van eenvoudige ewekansige steekproefneming is mans van Mankayane-hospitaal en tienerseuns van Mankayane- en Holy Rosary-hoërskool gekies. Altesaam 90 respondente (60 volwassenes en 30 tieners) het vraelyste op hul eie ingevul en ook aan fokusgroepbesprekings deelgeneem. Doelbewuste steekproefneming is gebruik om ’n groep MB-beraders te kies, met wie daar diepteonderhoude gevoer is om die inligting oor mans se kennis, houdings en praktyke met betrekking tot veilige seks voor, gedurende en ná besnyding aan te vul. ’n Waarnemingskontrolelys is ook gebruik om af te merk wat die beraders by hul beradingsessies insluit. Resultate: Die antwoorde van die mans wat aan hierdie studie deelgeneem het, toon basiese kennis met betrekking tot veilige seks en die waarde van MB in die voorkoming van MIV. Die patroon in die data toon egter dat diegene wat mees onlangs mediese besnydenis ondergaan het, die mees uiteenlopende menings het oor die mate waarin MB jou teen MIV beskerm. Daar is ’n gemengde houding oor veilige seks ná besnyding: Party mans jaag eenvoudig so veel moontlik bevrediging na, sonder enige beskerming. Die data dui ook op ’n patroon van ’n hoë verhoudingsomset onder die respondente. Dít was veral waarneembaar onder die tieners, wat te kenne gee dat hul verhoudings nie op toewyding gegrond is nie, maar eerder moontlike eksperimentasie. Hoewel die studie geen kontrolegroep met onbesnyde mans vir vergelykende doeleindes gehad het nie, dui die bevindinge op inkonsekwente kondoomgebruik onder mans, wat op sy beurt die risiko van MIV-oordrag verhoog. Die resultate dui voorts daarop dat MB-beraders ’n goed gestruktureerde beradingsprogram volg. Gevolgtrekking: Die studie het in sy doel en oogmerke geslaag. Die navorsingsproses was ontwerp om die nodige data in te samel en te ontleed ten einde die navorsingsvraag te beantwoord. Die navorsing steikenpopulasie en gevolglike steekproef was verteenwoordigend van die geografiese studiebestek. Die navorsingsinstrumente was ontwerp vir maklike gebruik deur respondente. Die verspreidings- en insamelingsmetode is gekies om so min moontlik moeite vir respondente te veroorsaak. Dít het ’n positiewe impak op die reaksiesyfer gehad, wat weer die geldigheid van die ingesamelde data verhoog het. Sowel die literatuuroorsig as die primêre navorsingsbevindinge bevestig dat MB sonder gedragsverandering allermins ’n ‘wondermiddel’ vir MIV-voorkoming is.
10
Kornhauzer, C. Monika (Cvetka Monika). "Sexual risk taking behaviors of women at risk for HIV". Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35322.
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The number of women infected with the HIV virus through heterosexual contact is on the rise and expected to increase steadily throughout the 1990's. In order to prevent the further spread of HIV infection and AIDS, behavior change is essential. The focus of this study is on the sexual behaviors, safe sex practices, and the role that self-efficacy and self-assertiveness play in a woman's ability to put into effect preventative behaviors. The study sample consists of 40 heterosexual, English-speaking women from the Montreal area. The results indicate that just under half of this population are using condoms as a safe sex precaution, but they are being used inconsistently. Those participants who reported sometimes using condoms were also the same participants who more frequently reported modifying other aspects of their sexual behavior in order to reduce their risk of infection, as compared to those participants who did not report using condoms. It was also found that the participants' past sexual history, knowledge about HIV transmission, and awareness of risky sexual practices do not predict more cautious sexual behavior. One major factor which did seem to influence modification of risky sexual behaviors was the participants' perception of being at risk for HIV. The majority of the participants did not have difficulty in asserting their desire for safe sex. Their methods, however, in how they would choose to practise safe sex were dependent on the seriousness of the relationship, ability to trust their partner, and their current method of practising safe sex in their own sexual lives.
11
Arenth, Jutta Boonyong Keiwkarnka. "Safe sex intention for HIV/AIDS prevention among male vocational students in selected school Nakhonpathom province, Thailand /". Abstract, 1999. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2542/42E-JuttaA.pdf.
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Mankayi, Andiswa. "A situation analysis of sex education and communication and the implications thereof for HIV/AIDS prevention work". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007447.
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This study explores the history of sex communication and education over a period of fifty years (1950 to the present), in a deep rural area of the Eastern Cape. It describes patterns of sex communication between peers, between siblings, between children and parents and between young people and other non-familial agencies within communities. Communication trends are traced from the period before contraception was introduced, through to the introduction of female birth control methods into the HIV/AIDS era where the focus has been on attempting to introduce condoms. Twelve semi-structured interviews and two four-person focus groups were conducted to gather information on how the participants acquired information about sexuality and their responses to the same. The findings of the present study suggest that the widespread use of injectable contraceptives has had a marked effect on the sexual culture of the community under investigation. It has led to the collapse of the regulatory practices which were previously in place. This in turn has significantly affected the sexual communication and negotiation context. Furthermore, it has had a determining influence on male involvement in sexual reproductive health matters and has created a poor context for the adoption of condoms as a prophylactic. There were no major changes in the sexual communication context within families and within communities in that education has always been limited to instructions to avoid pregnancy. Of note was a culture of collusion between adults and children surrounding sexuality, which absolved the parties involved in addressing sexuality. These factors are understood have mediated response to HIV/AIDS prevention efforts, and need to be taken into consideration in the development of sex communication and education programmes.
13
Cook, Scott C. "Human immunodeficiency virus : determining predictors of unsafe sexual behavior /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9962514.
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Brink, Jaco Greeff. "An investigation of risky sexual behaviours, basic HIV knowledge and intention to use condoms among a sample of men who have sex with men in a student community". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20168.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The primary objective of the study was to determine the level of self-reported sexual risk behaviour of student men who have sex with men at a South African higher educational institution. The secondary objective was to determine the level of Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV) knowledge among student men who have sex with men, and lastly to determine the extent to which the theory of planned behaviour is applicable in explaining intentions to use condoms. A sample of fifty student men who have sex with men were recruited to take part in an online baseline and follow-up survey, three months apart. Many of the student men who have sex with men reported sexual behaviour, which may place them at risk of contracting HIV. More than fifty percent (56%) had used alcohol or drugs during sexual intercourse in the past. Six percent (6.1%) reported having been forced to have sexual intercourse against their will. While 8% had experienced abuse and violence on campus, 22% had experienced abuse only and another 6% reported having experienced some form of violence due to their sexual preference. Most participants (70%) reported having used condoms almost always or always when engaging in penetrative sexual behaviours, but 30% had used condoms inconsistently or not at all in the past. The sample of student MSM scored high on a questionnaire of basic HIV knowledge, with a mean score of 14.57 (80.94%). The present study questions the applicability of the theory of planned behaviour in understanding and predicting intention to use condoms among a sample of student men who have sex with men attending a South African higher education institution. Only two of the major theoretical variables, namely attitude and perceived group norms, could significantly predict intention to use condoms. Attitudes regarding condom use were found to have an inverse The primary objective of the study was to determine the level of self-reported sexual risk behaviour of student men who have sex with men at a South African higher educational institution. The secondary objective was to determine the level of Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV) knowledge among student men who have sex with men, and lastly to determine the extent to which the theory of planned behaviour is applicable in explaining intentions to use condoms. A sample of fifty student men who have sex with men were recruited to take part in an online baseline and follow-up survey, three months apart. Many of the student men who have sex with men reported sexual behaviour, which may place them at risk of contracting HIV. More than fifty percent (56%) had used alcohol or drugs during sexual intercourse in the past. Six percent (6.1%) reported having been forced to have sexual intercourse against their will. While 8% had experienced abuse and violence on campus, 22% had experienced abuse only and another 6% reported having experienced some form of violence due to their sexual preference. Most participants (70%) reported having used condoms almost always or always when engaging in penetrative sexual behaviours, but 30% had used condoms inconsistently or not at all in the past. The sample of student MSM scored high on a questionnaire of basic HIV knowledge, with a mean score of 14.57 (80.94%). The present study questions the applicability of the theory of planned behaviour in understanding and predicting intention to use condoms among a sample of student men who have sex with men attending a South African higher education institution. Only two of the major theoretical variables, namely attitude and perceived group norms, could significantly predict intention to use condoms. Attitudes regarding condom use were found to have an inversrelationship with intention to use condoms. The results from the hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that the linear combination of the theory of planned behaviour variables could significantly account for 68% of the variance in intention to use condoms when the predictors were considered together. Interventions that seek to lessen HIV risk behaviour among student men who have sex with men should endeavour to incorporate elements which should aim to augment perceived subjective norms regarding condom use. The findings advocate for additional research to be undertaken on the applicability of the theory of planned behaviour in informing health communication and sexual health interventions that aim to reduce HIV transmission risk among student men who have sex with men at higher educational institutions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die primêre doel van die studie was om die vlak van self-gerapporteerde seksuele risiko gedrag van studentemans wat seks beoefen met mans (MSM) by 'n Suid-Afrikaanse hoër onderwysinstelling te bepaal. Die sekondêre doel was om die vlak van kennis oor die Menslike Immuniteitsgebreksvirus (MIV) onder studente MSM te bepaal, en laastens om die mate waarin die teorie van beplande gedrag toepaslik is om die voorneme om kondoom gebruik te verduidelik. ʼn Steekproef van vyftig studente MSM was gewerf om aan ʼn aanlyn basislynopname en opvolgopname deel te neem. Talle van die studente MSM het seksuele gedrag gerapporteer wat die mans blootstel aan die risiko om MIV op te doen. Meer as vyftig persent (56%) het in die verlede alkohol of dwelms gebruik tydens seksuele omgang. Ses persent (6,1%) het gerapporteer dat hulle al gedwing is om seksuele omgang teen hul wil te hê. Terwyl agt persent mishandeling en geweld op kampus ervaar het, het 22% slegs misbruik ervaar en nog 6% het een of ander vorm van geweld ervaar as gevolg van hul seksuele voorkeur. Die meeste deelnemers (70%) het gerapporteer dat hulle tydens penetratiewe seks byna altyd kondome gebruik, maar 30% het óf glad nie, óf ongereeld in die verlede kondome gebruik. Die studente MSM wat aan die steekproef deelgeneem het, het hoë tellings behaal in ‘n vraelys oor basiese MIV-feite, met ' ʼn gemiddelde telling van 14.57 (80.94%). Die huidige studie bevraagteken die toepasbaarheid van die teorie van beplande gedrag om die voorneme om kondome te gebruik onder ’n steekproef van studente MSM aan ’n Suid-Afrikaanse hoër onderwysinstelling te verstaan en te voorspel. Slegs twee van die belangrikste teoretiese veranderlikes, naamlik houding en subjektiewe groepnorme, kon beduidend die voorneme voorspel om kondome te gebruik. Houding oor kondoom gebruik het ʼn omgekeerde verwantskap met die voorneme om kondome te gebruik voorspel. Die resultate van die hiërargiese meervoudige regressie-ontleding het aangedui dat, wanneer die voorspellers saam oorweeg word, die lineêre kombinasie van die teorie van beplande gedrag veranderlikes betekenisvol tot 68% van die variansie in die voorneme om kondome te gebruik kan verklaar. Ingrypings wat daarop gemik is om MIV-risiko gedrag onder studente MSM te verminder, behoort elemente in te sluit wat streef daarna om waarneembare subjektiewe norme rakende kondoomgebruik aan te vul. Die bevindinge wys dat addisionele navorsing oor die gebruik van die teorie van beplande gedrag in gesondheidskommunikasie en seksuelegesondheid intervensies wat daarop gemik is om die risiko van MIV-oordrag tussen studente MSM by inrigtings vir hoër onderwys te verminder nodig is.
15
Khehra, Nina. "Sexual behaviors and knowledge of AIDS among undergraduate students". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59406.
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This study surveyed the sexual behaviors and knowledge of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) among 117 undergraduate students from McGill University, Montreal. The sample consisted of 32 men and 85 women ranging from 18 up to 24 years of age. The total sample was split into three knowledge groups, Low, Medium, and High, based on answers provided to questions about AIDS. The data were analyzed separately for the total sample, men, women, and the three knowledge groups. The findings indicated that these students were relatively knowledgeable about AIDS (73.23% correct responses out of 21 items), but were engaging in high risk sexual activities. It appears that personal concern about contracting AIDS, not knowledge of this disease, is related to behavior change among undergraduate students. It was recommended that AIDS education programs focus more on increasing the personal concern than the AIDS knowledge of adolescents.
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Balshem, Howard. "AIDS-Preventative Behaviors and the Psychological Costs of Behavior Change". PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4705.
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This study examined the effects of behavior change on psychological health among gay and bisexual men of Portland, Oregon who were at risk for contracting AIDS. Cross-sectional self-reports of personal experiences were obtained in Summer, 1991. Sexual behaviors were used as predictors of self-efficacy, depression, anxiety, and subjective well-being. Adopting safer sexual behaviors was psychologically more costly than continuing to engage in high risk behaviors, or long-term adherence to safer behaviors. Behaviors amenable to short-term change differed from those conducive to long-term maintenance. Behavior change was also found to have a beneficial effect on self-efficacy.
These findings suggest that behavior change, traditionally considered as the endpoint of a process, might more appropriately be considered as an interim stage influenced by earlier, and having an influence on later, psychological health. By integrating models of behavior change from research on alcohol and drug use, smoking, and weight control, researchers studying AIDS-related behavior might better understand the place of behavior change in the process of change, relapse, and maintenance.
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Sin, Sovann Boonyong Keiwkarnka. "Safe sex intention to prevent HIV/AIDS and its determinants among students of Prah Sisovat high school, Phnom Penh, Cambodia /". Abstract, 1999. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2542/42E-SinSovann.pdf.
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Chhetry, Pipal Bahadur Somjai Pramanpol. "Safe sex intention to prevent STD/HIV/AIDS among high school students of Nakhon Pathom province, Thailand /". Abstract, 2000. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd414/5037993.pdf.
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O'Shea, Joseph. "Re-defining risk behaviours among gay men : what has changed?" Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100667.
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As we enter the third decade of a devastating worldwide epidemic, much has been done to stem the flow of HIV/AIDS, in particular within North American and Western European urban centres. Successful prevention campaigns in the 1980s had the immediate impact of lowering the rate of HIV infection among gay men, and anti-retroviral drug therapies in the mid-1990s have literally brought thousands of gay men back from the brink. However, by the middle to late 1990s, epidemiological and anecdotal evidence has strongly suggested that gay men have begun to move away from the safer sex orthodoxy of the 1980s.Forty gay men ranging in age from 21 to 55 were interviewed for this study in order to determine if they have changed their approach to safer sex strategies implemented in the mid-1980s. In contrast to approaches to risk behaviour that emphasize the Health Belief Model, with its focus on the rational individual, this dissertation focused on the social contexts that shape gay men's decisions.
This study found a number of factors that influenced gay men's sexual choices, including age and the changing role of community. Younger gay men, those who have come of age during the 1990s, have taken a different approach to the AIDS epidemic. None of the younger participants in this study had lost anyone to HIV. Furthermore, they were now part of a group of men who no longer considers a HIV diagnosis to be immediately fatal. New medications have definitely shifted their approach to AIDS. Finally, this group of gay men no longer feels defined by a gay community like older gay men interviewed for this study. They believe they are coming of age in a time and place where they have more choices in how they will define themselves as gay men. For older gay men, those who lost many lovers, friends, and acquaintances during the HIV epidemic, changes in gay men's sexual risk-taking are both surprising and inevitable. These men are dealing with issues of ageism, loss and lack of visibility in a changing gay community.
Although there are different age-related arguments for abandoning safer sex strategies, this study helps to explain why there is a definite shift in risk-taking behavior underway as we enter the third decade of HIV/AIDS. It suggests new challenges and approaches for AIDS service organizations to deal with a substantive change in gay men's sexual behaviour.
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Esterhuyse, E. A. (Elizabeth Aletta). "Self-effektiwiteit en MIV/VIGS-voorkomende gedrag by 'n groep hoërskoolleerlinge". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52447.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The levels of self-efficacy for specific HIV/aids-preventive behaviour patterns for high school pupils from a previously disadvantaged community were measured. Self-efficacy can be described as an individual's perception about his/her ability to perform certain actions effectively in a specific situation. For this purpose, the Sexual Self-Efficacy Questionnaire of Kasen, Vaughan and Walter (1992) was administered. A group of 227 pupils from the Macassar High School were involved in the study. The results showed that the Macassar adolescents display low self-efficacy in areas essential for HIV/aids prevention. The adolescents were especially uncertain about their ability to refuse sexual interaction where potential sexual partners are familiar or desirable and after alcohol or drugs were used. Furthermore, the Macassar adolescents showed low self-efficacy for dealing with sensitive issues concerning a sexual partner and for purchasing condoms in a shop. Regarding gender differences, the results showed that boys display lower self-efficacy than girls in relation to the behaviour patterns that where examined. Those adolescents with lower self-efficacy for refusing sexual intercourse, were also more likely to have had sexual intercourse. Regarding condom use, the results suggested that boys that are sexually active and do not use condoms, display low self-efficacy for the correct, consistent use of condoms. The role what the relationship between self-efficacy and behaviour should play in the development of HIV/aids-preventive interventions, is accentuated in the study. The emphasis must be on the building of self-effective thoughts, associated social and self-handling skills, and especially the development of programmes aimed at changing social cognitions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die self-effektiwiteitsvlakke vir spesifieke MIV/vigs-voorkomende gedragskeuses of -patrone onder hoërskoolleerlinge uit "n histories benadeelde gemeenskap is bepaal. Self-effektiwiteit kan omskryf word as "n individu se oordeeloor sy/haar vermoë om sekere aksies doeltreffend in "n spesifieke situasie te kan uitvoer. Vir dié doel is die Seksuele Self-effektiwiteitsvraelys van Kasen, Vaughan en Walter (1992) gebruik. "nGroep van 2271eerlinge van die Macassar Hoërskool is by die studie betrek. Volgens die resultate het die Macassar-adolessente lae self-effektiwiteit getoon in areas wat onontbeerlik is vir MIV/vigs-voorkoming. Die adolessente was veralonseker oor hul vermoë om seksuele omgang te weier in situasies waar potensiële seksuele maats toenemend bekend of begeerlik is en ook nadat alkoholof dwelms gebruik is. Verder toon die Macassar-adolessente lae self-effektiwiteit wat betref hul vermoë om sensitiewe aspekte van "n seksuele maat te hanteer en om kondome by "n winkel te koop. Wat geslagsverskille betref toon die resultate dat seuns laer self-effektiwiteit het as meisies wat betref die gedragskeuses of -patrone wat ondersoek is. Dit blyk ook dat respondente wat lae self-effektiwiteit getoon het vir die weiering van seksuele omgang, juis meer geneig was om seksueel aktief te wees. Ten opsigte van konsekwente kondoomgebruik, blyk dit dat seuns wat seksueel aktief is en nie van kondome gebruik maak nie, lae self-effektiwiteit getoon het juis vir die korrekte en konsekwente gebruik van kondome. Die studie beklemtoon die rol wat die verhouding tussen self-effektiwiteit en gedrag in die ontwikkeling van MIV/vigs-voorkomingsintervensies behoort te speel. Die fokus moet lê op die opbou van selfeffektiewe denke, gepaardgaande sosiale en selfhanteringsvaardighede, en veral die ontwikkeling van programme gemik op veranderinge in sosiale kognisies.
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Haipinge, Rauha. "Woman vulnerability to HIV/AIDS : an investigation into women's conceptions and experiences in negotiating sex and safe sex in Okalongo constituency, Omusati Region, Namibia". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004337.
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This study emerged from the high prevalence rate of HIV and AIDS infection among women in Sub-Saharan Africa, which has no exception to Namibia. Women have been vulnerable to HIV and AIDS let alone on sex related issues since the epidemic emerged, but not research has been done specifically to Okalongo women. The way in which women vulnerable to HIV and AIDS infection were explored by examined social and cultural identities that affect women’s sexual relations in negotiating sex and safe sex. Qualitative study on a sample of fifteen women was conducted in Okalongo. The purpose of this study was to investigate the conceptions and experiences of women in negotiating sex and safe sex with their husband and partners. Feminist theory guided the methodology and analysis of data. I assumed that gender roles andsexuality are socially constructed, shaped by religion, social, political, and economic influences and modified throughout life. Feminist theory assisted in documentary the ways in which the female’s gender and sexuality in Okalongo is shaped by cultural influences and by institutions that disadvantage female and other oppressed groups by silencing their voices. The feminist further guided the discussion of the contradicting messages about women’s sexuality and their experiences, as women complied, conformed and even colluded with their oppression. To address the issue under study, the primary analysis of data from the focus group discussion and individual interview were utilised. The following themes were the heart of analysis: Women Positionality, Normalisation and Compliance, Women Agency and Male Dominance Power, Women Perceptions of Risk, Sex Education in and out of school among Women.In this study the data suggested that women in Okalongo are more vulnerable to their lack of assertiveness, as they have difficult in developing an authoritative voice, they tend to be humble about their achievements and knowledge and to only assertively when concerned about others. The findings supported the literature that women’s vulnerability is strongly influenced and tied by broader forces present in the society. Women’s vulnerability is real and needs to be tackled for any progress to occur in the fight against AIDS. Until factors that constraints and enabling women agency to negotiate sex and safe sex acknowledged and addressed, women will continue to succumb to the HIV pandemic.
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Mao, Limin. "Gay Asian and Caucasian men in Sydney : cultural, social and cognitive factors associated with sex practices /". Connect to this title online, 2002. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/public/adt-NUN20030303.112942/index.html.
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Henriksson, Benny. "Risk factor love : homosexuality, sexual interaction and HIV-prevention /". Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 1995. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=006833499&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Nicholls, Gordon Charles. "Accountable to God alone? : theologising with a hammer : the HIV/AIDS crisis, condoms and Catholicism". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53230.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Theological positions are usually considered as coterminous with ethical considerations. That which the Church has earnestly considered in the light of what is believed to be God's will, as elucidated in religious texts and through prayerful contemplation, are considered to be ethical without contradiction. Recently the Roman Catholic Church adopted a position forbidding the use of condoms as protection from contracting HIV/AIDS. Instead, the Church has declared that the way to controlling the AIDS pandemic is via sexual abstinence for the unmarried and sexual faithfulness within marriage. It is acknowledged that it is not possible for all the church's theological positions to be driven by pragmatic concerns within society. Nor can a church easily be seen to be promoting sex outside of marriage by recommending the indiscriminate use of condoms. However, the Roman Catholic Church, by forbidding the use of contraception, puts itself in an ethically questionable light relative to other Christian churches. The Catholic Church needs to reconsider its stance on contraception from first principles, divorced from dogmatic beliefs and practices which were derived by men and which have endured beyond their usefulness or theological veracity. It is evident that a church should not adhere to dogmas that are ungodly in their impact and ethically questionable in their import. If a church needs to revise its dogmatic stance on such issues, it should have the courage to do so. This research considers whether the stance of the Catholic Church on condoms can be considered ethical. The position of the Catholic Church is considered critically from a variety of philosophical, empirical and ethical viewpoints. In so doing, it highlights the principled and practical problems of resolving differing moral positions that cross the religious and secular divide. The approach adopted is one of an applied ethical nature, given the probable effects of participating in unprotected sex. Pregnancy and contracting HIV/AIDS are the likely outcomes of not using condoms, and these conditions will create enormous problems for the individual concerned, her, or his, family, as well as for the greater society. The position taken in this research is that the Catholic Church's stand on abstinence before marriage and faithfulness in marriage, as the answer to the HIV/AIDS crisis, would be a realistic ethical position, if, and only if, it was at all feasible and realisable in practice. However, it is the contention of the author, based on empirical considerations, that the idealistic stance taken by the Catholic Church is out of touch with the realities in our contemporary South African society and is doomed to failure. Given this perspective, the Catholic stance is morally questionable, as, if sexual relationships continue to occur outside of marriage, and if condoms are not used, the result will be unwanted pregnancies, HIV infections of both mothers and their babies, crises for families and society at large, and ultimately widespread death from AIDS. Given the pandemic facing South Africa, the Catholic position in banning the use of condoms, is ethically questionable and morally suspect. The Church needs to be called to account for the implications of its dogmatic stance. The HIV/AIDS pandemic is simply too serious for a public institution, such as the Catholic Church, to be involved in perpetuating theological niceties and holding idealised positions. The Church is not divorced from the society it exists in and a realistic, responsible and accountable response is needed in the current context of hundreds of thousands of persons facing death from AIDS and its related diseases.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Teologiese standpunte word gewoonlik beskou as gelyktermig met etiese oorwegings. Dit wat die Kerk met erns beskou het word sonder weerspreking as eties aanvaar in die geloof dat dit die wil van God is wat belig word in religieuse geskrifte en deur gebedsoordenking. Onlangs het die Rooms-Katolieke Kerk 'n standpunt aanvaar wat die gebruik van kondome verbied as beskermingsmiddel teen MIV/VIGS-besmetting. Daarteenoor het die Kerk verklaar dat die VIGS-pandemie beheer moet word via seksuele weerhouding vir ongetroudes en seksuele getrouheid binne die huwelik. Daar word toe gegee dat dit nie moontlik is om al die die kerk se teologiese standpunte aan pragmatiese kwellinge binne die gemeenskap te onderwerp nie. Daarmee saam kan die kerk ook nie buite-huwelikse seks aanmoedig deur aan te beveel dat kondome onoordeelkundig benut word nie. Relatief tot ander Christelike kerke plaas die Rooms- Katolieke Kerk homself egter in 'n etiese bevraagtekenbare posisie deur die gebruik van voorbehoedmiddels te verbied. Die Katolieke Kerk behoort sy standpunt oor geboortebeperking te heroorweeg in die lig van primêre prinsiepe - geskei van dogmatiese oortuigings en bedrywe wat deur mense bedink is en wat hulle bestaansreg as nuttigheid of teologiese waarheid oorskrei. Dit is duidelik dat 'n kerk nie dogmas behoort aan te hang wat onverantwoord in haar impak en eties bevraagtekenbaar in hulle belangrikheid is nie. Indien 'n kerk sy dogmatiese standpunte oor sulke sake moet hersien, behoort dit die moed te hê om dit te doen. Hierdie navorsing skenk oorweging aan die vraag of die Katolieke Kerk se standpunt oor kondome as eties beskou kan word. Die posisie van die Katolieke Kerk word krities beskou vanuit 'n verskeidenheid filosofiese, empiriese en etiese standpunte. Dit verlig die beginsels en praktiese probleme wat verband hou met die resolusie van die verskillende morele posisies wat die kloof tussen die religieuse en sekulêre moet oorbrug. Die benadering wat benut word is van 'n toegepas etiese aard, gegewe die waarskynlike gevolge van deelname aan onbeskermde seks. Swangerskap en besmetting met MIV /VIGS is die waarskynlike resultate indien kondome nie benut word nie. Dit lei gevolglik tot enorme probleme vir die betrokke individu, familie en die breër samelewing. Die aanspraak van hierdie navorsing is dat die Katolieke Kerk se standpunt - dat weerhouding van seks voor die huwelik en getrouheid binne die huwelik as antwoord dien vir die MIV /VIGS krisis - 'n realistiese etiese posisie verteenwoordig indien, en slegs indien, dit toepasbaar en haalbaar binne die praktyk is. Dit is egter die bewering van hierdie skrywer, gebaseer op empiriese oorwegings, dat die idealisriese standpunt van die Katolieke Kerk uit voeling is met die realiteite van ons kontemporêre Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing en dat dit gedoem is tot mislukking. Gege hierdie perspektief, word dit duidelik dat die Katolieke standpunt moreel verdag is, veral as in gedagte gehou word dat - indien seksuele verhoudings buite huweliksverband voortduur en kondome nie gebruik word nie - die resultaat onbeplande swangerskap, MIV besmetting van beide moeders en babas, krisisse vir families en die samelewing en uiteindelik wydverspreide sterftes as gevolg van VIGS sal wees. Gegewe die pandemie wat Suid-Afrika in die gesig staar word die Katolieke standpunt waarin die gebruik van kondome verbied word eties bevraagtekenbaar asook moreel verdag. Die Kerk moet tot verantwoording geroep word vir die implikasies van sy dogmatiese standpunt. Die MIV /VIGS'pandemie is eenvoudig te ernstig vir 'n openbare instansie soos die Katolieke Kerk om betrokke te bly in die voorsetting van teologiese kieskeurigheid en die verkondiging van geïdealiseerde standpunte. Die Kerk is nie los van die samelewing waarbinne dit bestaan nie en 'n realistiese, verantwoordelike en toerekenbare respons word benodig binne die huidige konteks waarbinne honderde duisende mense dood as gevolg van VIGS in die gesig staar.
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Larios, Sandra Erika. "Using the social ecological model to understand the contextual factors associated with HIV risk in commercial sex workers at high risk for contracting HIV". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3298343.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 18, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-98).
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Banou, Evangelia. "How personal resources and psychological distress interact with an AIDS/HIV program to reduce HIV risk behaviors among inner-city women". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1180645809.
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Mugari, Sipikelelo. "Obstacles school-going female adolescents in Gweru face in translating HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes into HIV preventive sexual behaviours". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6681.
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Thesis (MPhil (Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The vulnerability of female adolescents to HIV/AIDS has been widely documented with little effort being made to investigate the obstacles that these female adolescents actually face in translating HIV knowledge and attitudes into HIV preventive behaviours. The researcher randomly selected 120 school going female adolescents aged between 14-19, from six secondary schools in the Gweru District in an effort to assess their levels of knowledge on HIV/AIDS and their attitudes towards HIV prevention. The study aimed to uncover the obstacles the female adolescents face in practicing HIV preventive sexual behaviours. Inferences drawn from the study point to the fact that although female adolescents may have high levels of knowledge on HIV/AIDS and positive attitudes towards HIV prevention, there are cultural and religious values that promote male dominance in patriarchal societies and female docility thereby leaving little or no room for females to negotiate HIV prevention in sexual relationships. Poverty- driven economic dependency on men, orphan hood, peer pressure, lack of support from parents and guardians on issues to do with their sex and sexuality, lack of skills to be assertive and negative attitudes of health service providers were some of the barriers the female adolescents face as they try to pave their way in to safe motherhood.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die kwesbaarheid van vroulike adolessente aan MIV/vigs is wyd gedokumenteer met min moeite wat gemaak word die struikelblokke te ondersoek dat hierdie vroulike adolessente werklik gesig in die vertaling van MIV kennis en gesindhede in MIV voorkomende gedrag. Die navorser lukraak gekies 120 skoolgaande vroulike adolessente tussen die ouderdomme van 14-19, van ses sekondêre skole in die Gweru-distrik in 'n poging om hulle vlakke van kennis oor MIV / vigs en hul houding teenoor MIV-voorkoming te evalueer. Die studie is daarop gerig om die struikelblokke ontbloot die vroulike adolessente gesig in die beoefening van MIV voorkomende seksuele gedrag. Gevolgtrekkings waartoe die studie verwys na die feit dat alhoewel vroulike adolessente kan 'n hoë vlakke van kennis oor MIV / vigs en 'n positiewe houding teenoor MIV-voorkoming, is daar kulturele en godsdienstige waardes wat die bevordering van manlike oorheersing in patriargale samelewings en vroulike handelbaarheid daardeur sodat daar min of geen ruimte vir vrouens MIV-voorkoming in seksuele verhoudings te onderhandel. Armoede-gedrewe ekonomiese afhanklikheid van mans, wees kap, groepsdruk, gebrek aan ondersteuning van ouers en voogde op die kwessies te doen het met hul seks en seksualiteit, gebrek aan vaardighede om selfgeldend en negatiewe houdings van gesondheid diensverskaffers is 'n paar van die hindernisse die vroulike adolessente gesig soos hulle probeer om hul weg te baan in 'n veilige moederskap.
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Flood, Michael. "Lust, trust, and latex why young heterosexual men don't use condoms /". Connect to this title online, 2000. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20011205.151419/index.html.
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Perry, Andrea. "Safer sexual behaviour among university students : relationship to sex role attitudes, assertiveness and communication, and power balance /". St. John's, NF : [s.n.], 2001.
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Lourenço, Gilclécia Oliveira. "HIV/AIDS e conjugalidade: a experiência de pessoas em relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais sorodiscordantes". Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2018. http://tede2.unicap.br:8080/handle/tede/1053.
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This study planned to understand the conjugality experience of people with mixed HIV status for HIV/AIDS. It is very important to expand knowledge of sexual-affective relational possibilities affected by the contamination with HIV/AIDS to reflect about intake practices that consider the context and demands of people living with this virus. In this sense, this study is categorized as a qualitative research in which 16 individuals were separately interviewed, 05 of them were HIV-negative and the remaining 11 were HIV-positive, all in serodiscordant relationships. In addition to the semi-structured interview, we also used a Field Journal where several experiences, observations and reflections built along the process of data production were recorded. As an analytical strategy, we used the discursive analysis inspired on Foucault. Reports of the interviewees point to a conjugality experience marked by stigmas, prejudices and conflicts on the understanding of the virus in the lives of the couples and an ongoing surveillance in their daily lives. In serodiscordant couples, sexual relations affected by discourses of risk and prevention, are experienced with fear, doubt and insecurity. Moreover, we noticed that HIV infection comprises tensions and experiences in the dynamics of the couples that cannot be reduced to aspects of sexuality, prevention and risk. The experience of serodiscordant conjugality has complex effects on the couples’ daily lives and involves the development of different strategies required for the construction and/or maintenance of the sexual-affective relationship. It is concluded that the AIDS discourse acts on the individual, producing means to relate, be a couple and be serodiscordant, in a subjectivation process determined by political, regulatory and cultural strategies. However, the experience of serodiscordant conjugality is defined as a complex phenomenon that cannot be explained by causal and simplistic explanations. The individual presented here is active in its subjectivation process, creating means of resistance and subversion that emphasize the disciplinary power of the AIDS discourse.
Este trabalho objetivou compreender a experiência de conjugalidade de pessoas que vivem em situação de sorodiscordância para HIV/aids. Aprofundar o entendimento das possibilidades relacionais afetivas e sexuais atravessadas pelo acometimento do HIV/aids é de fundamental relevância para se pensar práticas de acolhimento que levem em consideração o contexto e as demandas das pessoas que (con)vivem com o vírus. Neste sentido, este estudo se caracteriza como uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa em que foram entrevistadas, individualmente, dezesseis pessoas, sendo cinco participantes com sorologia negativa e outras onze pessoas soropositivas para HIV, todas em relacionamentos sorodiscordantes. Além da entrevista semidirigida, também fizemos uso de um Diário de Campo, em que foram registradas diversas vivências, observações e reflexões construídas ao longo do processo de produção dos dados. Como estratégia de análise, lançamos mão da analítica discursiva de inspiração foucaultiana. As narrativas dos sujeitos entrevistados apontam para uma experiência de conjugalidade marcada por estigmas, preconceito e conflitos sobre o entendimento da entrada do vírus na vida a dois e uma constante vigilância sobre o cotidiano. Nas díades sorodiscordantes, as práticas sexuais, atravessadas pelos discursos de risco e prevenção, são vivenciadas com medo, dúvida e insegurança. Além disso, percebemos que o acometimento pelo HIV compreende tensões e vivências na dinâmica do par, que não podem ser reduzidas aos aspectos da sexualidade, prevenção e risco. A vivência da conjugalidade sorodiscordante tem efeitos sobre o cotidiano do casal na sua mais diversa complexidade e comporta a organização de diferentes estratégias necessária à construção e/ou manutenção do relacionamento afetivo-sexual. Conclui-se que, o discurso da aids atua sobre os sujeitos, produzindo modos de se relacionar, de ser casal, de ser sorodiscordante, num processo de subjetivação agenciado por estratégias políticas, normativas e culturais. No entanto, a experiência de conjugalidade sorodiscordante se caracteriza como um fenômeno complexo e não passível de explicações causais e simplórias. O sujeito que aqui se apresenta é ativo no seu processo de subjetivação, produzindo modos de resistência e de subversão que tencionam o poder disciplinador do discurso da aids.
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Mao, Limin Education Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "Gay Asian and Caucasian men in Sydney: cultural, social and cognitive factors associated with sex practices". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Education, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18763.
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Using the perspectives of individualism-collectivism, Social Cognitive Theory and other concepts such as gay community attachment, this study focused on issues of homosexual identification, disclosure and sexual risk practices in relation to cross-cultural differences among gay Asian and Caucasian men in Sydney. Mostly recruited from gay social venues, 19 gay Asian men participated in exploratory focus groups discussions, another 201 gay Caucasian and 199 gay Asian men completed an anonymous questionnaire, and a further 10 gay Caucasian and 9 gay Asian men took part in in-depth one-to-one interviews. The major findings were: gay Asian men tended to experience conflict, in being both gay and Asian, related to individualism and collectivism; the gay Asian and Caucasian men differed in various aspects of homosexual practice, but shared certain sexual traits and practices; self-efficacy in safe sex and gay community attachment were key factors associated with gay men???s sexual risk practices (???risk??? being defined as unprotected anal intercourse with any casual partners or with a regular partner whose HIV status was not concordant with the participant???s). This study provides evidence that the inclusion of individualism-collectivism, social cognitive variables and gay community factors in the examination of homosexual identity and practice among men of different cultural backgrounds holds promise. It further suggests that educational programs to encourage safe sex will continue to yield benefits from increasing individual awareness, confidence and ability to effectively deal with situations that could pose risks of HIV transmission.
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Gradwell, Lynne. "HIV/AIDS and behaviour change from awareness to action - a study of students at the Pretoria Technikon /". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02092005-110415.
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Jaars, Cleopatra. "HIV knowledge and sexual risk behaviour of grade 12 learners in the Cape Metropole, Cape Town". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85690.
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Thesis (MCurr)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The HIV pandemic threatens the social, emotional, and physical development of all persons, especially the youth. Adolescents are more at risk of contracting HIV as their lifestyle often involves sexual exploration and experimentation. Effective educational interventions are central to HIV prevention in South Africa. Being a clinical nurse practitioner in a primary health care (PHC) facility, the principal investigator observed that school learners failed to practice safe sex and demonstrated little knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention. The aim of the study was to investigate the reported level of HIV knowledge and sexual risk behaviour of grade 12 school learners in the Eastern Sub-District of the Cape Metropole, Cape Town. A descriptive, non-experimental, research design was employed with a primarily quantitative approach. The study population comprised grade 12 learners from high schools in the Eastern Sub-District of the Cape Metropole in Cape Town (N=7940). A total of 92 participants from four schools (2 public and 2 private) were included in the sample by using a cluster sampling method. A self-completion semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data was collected by the principal investigator and a trained field worker. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University (N11/07/225). Permission to conduct the research was obtained from the Department of Education. Reliability and validity were assured by means of a pilot study and the use of experts in the field of nursing research and statistics. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse data. Statistical associations were determined using ANOVA and the Mann-Whitney U tests. The qualitative data was analysed thematically and then quantified. The results show that the average HIV/AIDS knowledge score of participants was 60.73%. However, many gaps in HIV/AIDS knowledge were identified. Only 77.2% (n=71) of participants knew the meaning of HIV, 80.4% (n=74) did not know all the ways in which HIV can be transmitted and only 8.7% (n=8) knew how to safely use a condom. The majority of participants (67.4%; n=62) believed in the myth that HIV can be cured and 18.5% (n=17) reported that a traditional healer can cure HIV. With regard to risky behaviour, half of the participants at the time of the study (51%; n=47) reported sexual engagement and 20% (n=9) of these respondents did not use condoms. Furthermore, 25% (n=23) had used alcohol before having sex. There were no association found between the knowledge about HIV/AIDS of participants and their sexual risk behaviour. In view of these study findings, participants are exposing themselves to high risk sexual behaviour that may increase their chances of acquiring sexually transmitted infections including HIV. Several recommendations were identified, including the strengthening of HIV and STI education linked to sexual risk reduction, open communication and additional information sources, availability of condoms at schools and improved access to HIV testing at schools.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die jeug se sosiale, emosionele en fisiese ontwikkeling word deur die MIV-pandemie gekortwiek. As gevolg van hulle seksuele eksperimentering, word adolessente as ʼn hoë risikogroep beskou, sover dit die ontwikkeling van MIV aangaan. Gevolglik speel onderrig ʼn belangrike rol in MIV voorkoming. Die beoefening van onveilige seks, en onvoldoende kennis rakende MIV/VIGS-voorkoming, is deur die primêre navorser, ʼn kliniese verpleegpraktisyn in die primêre gesondheidsorg omgewing, waargeneem. Die studie het dit ten doel om te bepaal wat die MIV-kennis vlakke, en die seksuele gedrag risiko van Graad 12 leerders in die Oostelike sub-distrik van die Kaapstadse Metropool is. ʼn Beskrywende, nie-eksperimentele navorsingsontwerp is gebruik, met ʼn hoofsaaklike kwantitatiewe benadering. Uit die studie populasie van Graad 12 leerders in die Oostelike sub-distrik van die Kaapstadse Metropool hoërskole (N=7940), is ʼn steekproef van 92 deelnemers uit vier hoërskole (twee staatskole en twee privaatskole) gekies – die trossteekproefnemingsmetode is gebruik. Data is versamel deur middel van ʼn semi-gestruktureerde vraelys wat deur die deelnemers self voltooi is. Toestemming vir die uitvoer van die studie is verkry van die Etiese Komitee van die Mediese Fakulteit van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch (N11/07/225), asook die Wes-Kaapse Departement van Onderwys. Die betroubaarheid en geldigheid van die studie is verseker deur die uitvoer van ʼn voorstudie, en is verder versterk deur gebruik te maak van kundiges in die veld van statistiek en verpleegnavorsing. Data is ontleed deur middel van beskrywende statistiese metodes en assosiasies is bepaal deur gebruik te maak van variansie-analise (“ANOVA”) en Mann-Whitney U toetse. Die bevindinge is in frekwensie tabelle en histogramme vervat. Die kwalitatiewe data is gekodeer en gekategoriseer, waarna temas geïdentifiseer is. Alhoewel die studie-bevindinge aangedui het dat die deelnemers ʼn gemiddelde MIV/VIGS-kennis telling van 60.73% behaal het, is verskeie leemtes in hulle bestaande kennis geïdentifiseer. Slegs 77.2% (n=71) van die deelnemers het geweet wat MIV beteken, terwyl 80.4% (n=74) nie geweet het hoe MIV oorgedra word nie. Slegs 8.7% (n=8) van die deelnemers het kennis gehad rakende veilige kondoom gebruik. Die meerderheid van die deelnemers (67.4%; n=62) glo dat MIV genees kan word en 18.5% (n=17) het aangedui dat MIV deur ʼn tradisionele geneesheer genees kan word. Hoë-risiko gedrag, spesifiek seksuele aktiwiteit (51%; n=47%) sonder kondome (20%; n=9) is rapporteer. ʼn Verdere 25% (n=23) van die deelnemers het rapporteer dat hulle alkohol gebruik voor seks, maar daar was geen assosiasie tussen die vlak van MIV/VIGS-kennis en hoë-risiko gedrag nie. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat die deelnemers hulself blootstel aan hoë-risiko seksuele gedrag met die gevolg dat hul kans om MIV te kry verhoog. Die aanbevelings, gegrond op die bevindinge, sluit in: ʼn groter fokus op onderrig wat verband hou met MIV en seksueel oordraagbare infeksies wat gekoppel is aan ʼn verlaging in hoe-risiko seksuele gedrag, openhartige kommunikasie en bykomende inligtingshulpbronne, beskikbaarheid van kondome by skole, asook verbeterde toegang tot MIV toetsing by skole.
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Bredström, Anna. "Safe Sex, Unsafe Identities : Intersections of ’Race’, Gender and Sexuality in Swedish HIV/AIDS Policy". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och välfärdsstudier, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11379.
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This dissertation examines the different depictions of ‘immigrants’ and the ways in which migration, ethnicity and racism have been handled by Swedish HIV/AIDS policy since the early 1980s. The dissertation consists of five separate articles and an introductory chapter that outlines the discourse-theoretical approach used in the subsequent articles. The introduction also provides a contextual framework by summarizing recent research on, and sketching a background to, HIV/AIDS policy development in Sweden. The dissertation argues that, although the policy discourse early on established that inducing safer sex practices among the Swedish population was the only viable solution to the pandemic, the discourse is nonetheless permeated by notions of unsafe identities. The dissertation also stresses the importance of scrutinizing HIV/AIDS policy in light of broader political developments, and argues that an increasing focus on migrants in HIV/AIDS policy should not be seen as a simple reflection of the global epidemiological development, but should rather be understood in relation to the general political and economic phenomenon of welfare state retrenchment. Applying postcolonial feminist theories, the dissertation reveals how the policy discourse is permeated by conceptions of migrant cultures as not susceptible to change but steeped in tradition and primordiality, alongside racialized fantasies about Africa as the ‘dark continent’ and the source of disease. It also discusses how both masculinity and femininity, as well as heterosexuality and homosexuality, feature in the policy discourse as demarcations between Western and non-Western subjects – between whites and blacks and between Swedes and non-Swedes – and identifies the challenges that such knowledge implies for feminist HIV/AIDS research and policy.Denna studie undersöker hur frågor om migration, etnicitet och rasism hanteras i svensk hiv/aids-policy från 1980-talet fram till idag. Avhandlingen består av fem artiklar och ett introduktionskapitel som presenterar tidigare forskning och det diskursteoretiska ramverket som studien utgår från. Introduktionen innehåller även en presentation av hur svensk hiv/aids-policy utvecklats genom åren. Avhandlingen visar att trots att policydiskursen tidigt lyfte fram att säkrare sexuella praktiker är av avgörande betydelse i kampen mot hiv/aids, så vilar diskursen ändå på en föreställning om säkra och osäkra identiteter. Avhandlingen poängterar också vikten av att studera hiv/aids policy i relation till en samtida politisk och ekonomisk utveckling och ställer sig kritiskt till att förklara ett ökat fokus på invandring i policydiskursen enbart med hänvisning till den globala epidemiologiska utvecklingen. Det empiriska materialet består av policydokument och sexualupplysnings-material. Analysen av materialet visar att policydiskursen vilar på föreställningar om statiska ‘invandrarkulturer’ och rasifierade fantasier om Afrika och sjukdomens ursprung. Studien visar också hur såväl maskulinitet och femininitet, som heterosexualitet och homosexualitet, fungerar som markörer mellan västerländska och icke-västerländska subjekt – mellan vita och svarta och mellan svenskar och icke-svenskar – och diskuterar vad detta innebär för feministisk hiv/aids-forskning.
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Bredström, Anna. "Safe sex, unsafe identities : intersections of 'race', gender and sexuality in swedish HIV/AIDS policy /". Linköping : Department of social and welfare studies, Linköping university, 2008. http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:17781/FULLTEXT01.
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Keen, Barbara. "The role of parents in HIV/AIDS primary prevention education /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PM/09pmk26.pdf.
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Ahmed, Naheed. "Contextualizing HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment Programs in Zanzibar, Tanzania". Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2978.
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International aid organizations and wealthy nations have contributed billions to combat the spread and treatment of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa; however, these programs have been critiqued for not addressing the socioeconomic and cultural context of the epidemic, instead relying upon generalized approaches. The prevalence rate in Zanzibar, Tanzania is low in the general population, but high among vulnerable segments of Zanzibari society, resulting in interventions focusing on particular groups (e.g. sex workers, drug users, and men who have sex with men). Through interviews with government agencies, non-profit organizations, medical professionals, vulnerable populations, and HIV/AIDS patients, this paper examines how local realities inform and challenge HIV/AIDS programming in Zanzibar.
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Tian, Yi. "AZT, Safe Sex, and a "Widow's" Story: A Content Analysis of Aids Coverage in The Advocate, 1981-2006". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1198244418.
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Uugwanga, Iyaloo Tulonga. "Sexuality, HIV and AIDS education in Oshikoto region, Namibia: exploring young people’s voices". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13403.
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The HIV and AIDS epidemic remains a major health concern among the Namibian population despite interventions to mitigate it. The creation of awareness about the epidemic through school curricula is one of the government’s interventions. However, the provision of Sexuality, HIV and AIDS education in schools today is based on adult ideas of what they feel is right for young people to learn. This leave learners vulnerable and inadequately supported regarding possible questions they may have in this context. With vast amount and variety of conflicting information available to young people regarding their sexuality; and how their sexuality can and should be expressed, some of this information leads them to engage in risky behaviours that exposes them to HIV infection. Hence the need to involve young people in the development of the curriculum, to meet their educational needs in context of sexuality, HIV and AIDS. In this study, evidence for including learners in the construction of educational content regarding sexuality education is sought. This qualitative study used a phenomenological research design, interpretive paradigm and a participatory arts-based research methodology. Drawings, Vignettes (Agony Aunt) and follow-up focus group discussions were used to generate data with junior and senior learners, aged 15-24, from two secondary schools situated in the Oshikoto region of Namibia. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system theory and Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory underpinned and decipher the findings of this study. The findings revealed that the school curriculum has informed learners on Sexuality, HIV and AIDS matters. The data generated about what they want to learn revealed that there is a need for more information on matters of sexuality, HIV and AIDS, which are not provided by the current education system. The data also revealed that the information that young people are exposed to is mostly associated with myths and misconceptions. This study thus recommends that a more comprehensive sexuality education, which takes into account learners’ needs, be provided in order for them to be guided appropriately on issues concerning their sexuality in the context of HIV and AIDS, so that we can move towards as HIV free world.
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Shah, Deepti. "The sexual risk cognitions questionnaire : a reliability and validity; a portfolio of study, practice and research". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318657.
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Nyerges, Jana Ramona Alley. "HIV/AIDS prevention in Zambia a preliminary study of obstacles to behavior change in the copperbelt". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Jun%5FNyerges.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Letitia L. Lawson, Jessica R. Piombo. "June 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p.61-67). Also available in print.
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Stinson, Jill D., Lee Ann McVay i Judith V. Becker. "Post-hospitalization Outcomes for Psychiatric Sex Offenders: Comparing Two Treatment Protocols". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7875.
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This study evaluates the effectiveness of safe offender strategies (SOS) in comparison with relapse prevention (RP) in a sample of 91 inpatient males in a secure psychiatric setting. All men evidenced a history of violent sexual offending and were diagnosed with serious psychiatric disorders and/or intellectual disabilities. Participants who received SOS (n = 58) and RP (n = 33) were followed from 6 to 36 months post release. SOS clients were significantly less likely to be arrested (0%) or rehospitalized (5.2%) than RP clients (9% arrested; 54.5% rehospitalized). In addition, SOS clients were more likely to transition continuously to less restrictive alternatives, with no returns to high security, in comparison with RP clients. The authors discuss implications for use of SOS, a treatment that facilitates skills development and affects global self-regulatory functioning, particularly in sex offenders with serious mental illness or intellectual impairment, in promoting community reintegration and limiting returns to psychiatric settings.
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Sithole, Bhekizitha Nicholas. "HIV prevention needs for men who have sex with men in Swaziland : a case study of Manzini City". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79995.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since the beginning of the HIV epidemic in the early 1980s, men who have sex with men (MSM) have been disproportionately affected by the virus. Sex between men is the main route of transmission of HIV in some parts of the world. In some other places it is a secondary route of transmission. Worldwide, MSM are classified as most-at-risk populations because of their higher risk of HIV transmission. Although sex between men occurs in most societies, its existence, importance in HIV prevention are frequently denied. Often, these men are neglected in HIV prevention interventions. Sexual acts between men have often been condemned and sometimes criminalized. In some countries, penalties for those accused of sexual acts between men are among the severest available. Elsewhere, even where same-sex behaviour is not illegal, there is frequently unofficial persecution by the authorities or discrimination against or stigmatisation of those men known or thought to be having sexual relations with other men. For these reasons, in many parts of the world, sex between men is hidden or secretive. This makes an assessment of its extent, and of the various types of sexual acts that occur, even more difficult. As a result of being neglected, there has been generally lack of research and services directed towards MSM. In sub-Saharan Africa, for instance, it was only over 10 years ago, in 2001, when the first behavioural survey among MSM was conducted. However, few countries have conducted such studies and MSM’s specific health needs, especially for HIV prevention, are still not being met. In most countries, like Swaziland, the HIV prevalence is still generalized. Although Swaziland bears the burden the highest HIV prevalence in the world at 26% for the age group 15-49 (UNAIDS, 2010), interventions to MSM and other most-at-risk populations are limited. The study’s main aim was to identify the prevention needs of MSM in Swaziland. A total of 50 MSM were interviewed in order to find information. In addition, five key informants who were managers of HIV prevention programmes were also interviewed. It was established that there is a gap between the MSM’s needs and the interventions currently available. There were factors that put MSM at risk for HIV infection that were identified by the study. It was established that some of the HIV prevention did not meet the specific needs and expectations of MSM. Knowledge on some HIV risk behaviours and some prevention strategies targeting MSM was limited.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert die begin van die MIV-epidemie in die vroeë 1980's, het die mans wat seks het met mans (MSM) is buite verhouding beïnvloed deur die virus. Seks tussen mans is die belangrikste roete van die oordrag van MIV in sommige dele van die wêreld. In sommige ander plekke is dit is 'n sekondêre roete van oordrag. Wêreldwyd, MSM word geklassifiseer as die meeste-at-Risk bevolking as gevolg van hul hoër risiko van MIV-oordrag. Alhoewel seks tussen mans in die meeste samelewings voorkom, word dikwels sy bestaan, belang in MIV-voorkoming geweier. Dikwels word hierdie manne verwaarloos in MIV-voorkoming intervensies. Seksuele dade tussen mans dikwels veroordeel en soms gekriminaliseer. In sommige lande, strawwe vir diegene wat beskuldig word van seksuele dade tussen mans is onder die ergste beskikbaar. Elders, selfs waar van dieselfde geslag gedrag nie onwettig is nie, is daar dikwels nie-amptelike vervolging deur die owerhede of diskriminasie of stigmatisering van daardie manne wat bekend is of gedink word om seksuele verhoudings met ander mans. Vir hierdie redes, seks tussen mans, in baie dele van die wêreld is verborge of geheimsinnig. Dit maak 'n assessering van die omvang, en van die verskillende tipes van seksuele dade wat plaasvind, nog moeiliker. As 'n gevolg van verwaarloos, is daar gewoonlik gebrek aan navorsing en dienste gerig op MSM. In sub-Sahara Afrika, byvoorbeeld, dit was net meer as 10 jaar gelede, in 2001, toe die eerste gedrags-opname onder MSM is uitgevoer. Egter, het 'n paar lande uitgevoer sodanige studies en MSM se spesifieke gesondheid behoeftes, veral vir MIV-voorkoming, is nog steeds nie bereik word nie. In die meeste lande, soos Swaziland, die voorkoms van MIV is nog steeds algemene. Hoewel Swaziland dra die las om die hoogste voorkoms van MIV in die wêreld op 26% vir die ouderdomsgroep 15-49 (UNAIDS, 2010), intervensies MSM en ander die meeste-op-risiko bevolkings is beperk. Die studie se hoofdoel was om die voorkoming van MSM te identifiseer in Swaziland. 'N totaal van 50 MSM is ondervra ten einde inligting te vind. Daarbenewens is ook vyf sleutel informante wat bestuurders van die voorkoming van MIV-programme ondervra. Daar is vasgestel dat daar is 'n gaping tussen die MSM se behoeftes en die intervensies wat tans beskikbaar is. Daar is faktore wat sit MSM 'n risiko vir MIV-infeksie wat deur die studie geïdentifiseer is. Daar is vasgestel dat sommige van die MIV-voorkoming het nie voldoen aan die spesifieke behoeftes en verwagtinge van MSM. Kennis op 'n aantal MIV-risiko gedrag en 'n paar voorkoming strategieë fokus MSM is beperk.
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Nguyen, Thi Minh Tam Orapin Pitakmahaket. "Condom use related to HIV/AIDS prevention among female commercial sex workers (CSWs) in Quang Ninh province, Vietnam /". Abstract, 2004. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2547/cd368/4638495.pdf.
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Rosling, Lesley Elizabeth Annette. "A study to explore the factors influencing a female students ability to adopt safe sexual practice at a university in Southern China". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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There are estimated to be 840,000 people living with HIV in China (1) of whom 65% are estimated to be in the 16-29 year age group. Since the end of the Cultural Revolution and the opening of China to Western influence, traditional cultural norms have rapidly eroded and China is described as being in the middle of a sexual revolution (2). People are increasingly engaging in behaviours exposing them to the risk of contracting HIV which is spreading from the traditionally high risk populations to the general population via the heterosexual route (3). Comprehensive prevention strategies are necessary to prevent further spread (4). There is evidence that the observed increase in sexual activity is not accompanied by adequate knowledge of HIV transmission. 79% of 18-25 year olds know that HIV/AIDS can be transmitted by sexual intercourse, but a mere 30% know that correct and consistent condom use can protect against HIV transmission (5).This exploratory study investigated the factors that influence safe sexual practices amongst female Chinese university students, enabling or preventing them from taking responsibility for their reproductive health. The literature search revealed this to be a largely unexplored area. The study was undertaken amongst third year male and female students, recruited from the Department of Comparative Literature and Media Studies at the Zhongshan University in Guangzhou, China. Data was predominantly collected using two male and two female focus group discussions. Three key informant interviews supported and contextualised the findings. The study revealed that the factors influencing female students&rsquo
ability to adopt safe sexual practices are complex. The recognised shortcomings of sex education in China (6) are compounded by the taboo of sex and the pressure placed on students for the achievement of good grades.
The university environment exerts a powerful influence. The ease with which mutually beneficial same sex friendships develop in the dormitory can be contrasted with the difficulties faced by couples attempting to conduct relationships. The restrictive university environment has the effect of driving relationships underground. Gender roles are deeply entrenched. The need to conform to the ideal pure, naï
ve, and non-inquiring female stereotype affects a female student&rsquo
s ability to source sexual health information, negotiate safe sex, and to adopt safe sexual practices. Two distinct male stereotypes emerged: the traditional more gender equal male, and the liberal male who believes in an earlier age of sexual initiation and condones multiple sexual partners. All students are aware of HIV but have misconceptions about the specifics of HIV transmission, believing that HIV can be transmitted by kissing, from unclean baths and from doctors. Some students were of the belief that poor personal hygiene is an indicator of possible HIV positive status. Students were confused by condom quality issues. As they had received no formal condom training students relied on reading the package instructions or working it out for themselves.
This small exploratory study resulted in the production of rich and surprising findings. These are incorporated into recommendations for future research and a comprehensive sex education programme at the university. Abstinence and mutual monogamy should be emphasised. Gender stereotypes that influence behaviour and choice of sex education materials should be acknowledged. Negotiation skills training should be incorporated together with condom and contraceptive advice. A sexual health page on the student website and a training programme for students to become peer-to-peer sex educators should be introduced.
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Tabane, Elizabeth Mamatle. "The influence of cultural practices of Batswana people in relation to the transmission of HIV/AIDS in Botswana". Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09282004-103250.
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Goldman, Adam. "Ugandan youth : knowledge, behaviour and normative beliefs regarding HIV prevention /". 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR29281.
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Thesis (M.Sc.)--York University, 2007. Graduate Programme in higher education.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-141). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR29281
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Nkhata, Ellen Charity. "Exploring factors that influence safer sex practices". Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18254.
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The purpose of the study was to explore factors that influenced safer sex practices in Malawi. A quantitative, explorative, descriptive study was conducted to determine why the prevalence of new HIV infections was still high in Malawi despite. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Sexually active men, women, boys and girls that participated in the Centre for Human Rights and Rehabilitation community awareness activities participated in this study. The study found that demographic, socio-economic and knowledge-related factors influence safer sex practices in Malawi. Various modifying factors played a role in influencing the individuals’ perception of susceptibility, severity, barriers and benefits of practising safer sex. The findings indicated that individuals generally had a broad knowledge of the spread and prevention of HIV. The Health Belief Model was used as theoretical framework for the studyHealth Studies
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Netshikweta, Nevari David. "A meso-strategy to raise awareness of HIV/AIDS in secondary schools in the Limpopo Province". Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/566.
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M.Ed.One of the greatest challenges facing the youth of South Africa and that of the rest of the world is HIV/AIDS. As the number of infected teachers and pupils increase, it can be expected that quality education will decrease. At present there seems to be no medical solution to the HIV/AIDS threat. Although different stakeholders are providing means of minimising the spread of the pandemic, HIV still remains a threat to the society. Most of the youth engage in sexual activities while they are still young. If the HIV virus is spread through unprotected sex with an infected person, the need to adopt certain strategies that can assist them to stay safe, becomes essential. This project will focus on different strategies that can be employed to fight and win the battle against HIV/AIDS in secondary schools in the Limpopo Province.
Dr. M.C. Van Loggerenberg
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Adib, Salim Maurice. "Risk-reduction behavior a longitudinal analysis of relapse in sexual practices among homosexual men at risk of AIDS". 1991. http://books.google.com/books?id=IoY9AAAAMAAJ.
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