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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Safe corridors"
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Zemotel, Linda M., i David K. Montebello. "Interregional Corridors: Prioritizing and Managing Critical Connections Between Minnesota’s Economic Centers". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1817, nr 1 (styczeń 2002): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1817-10.
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Growth trends in Minnesota emphasize the need to ensure that travel on highway corridors linking regional trade centers in the state is safe, reliable, and efficient. In 1999, the Minnesota Department of Transportation initiated an interregional corridor study to define a system of interregional corridors that connect important regional trade centers. Minnesota’s effort to develop the interregional corridor system, performance expectations, and principles and policies for managing and guiding development along these corridors is described. The interregional corridor system and the corresponding management principles and policies were developed in several phases: ( a) definition of regional trade centers, ( b) identification of the interregional corridor system, ( c) development of interregional corridor principles and policies, and ( d) development of a corridor management plan guide. The study developed performance measures and performance targets to identify mobility risk corridors, which are corridors that perform below target speed or have a risk of signal proliferation. Methods used at a sketch-planning level to identify priority routes and performance levels are described. The study developed a more uniform process for developing corridor management plans.
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Espadas, Irene, Thomas W. Maddox i Felipe de Vicente. "Optimal safe implantation corridors in feline cervical vertebrae (C2–T1): CT study in 16 domestic shorthair cats". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 20, nr 12 (19.02.2018): 1149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18757592.
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Objectives The objective of this study was to define safe corridors for the optimal placement of bicortical implants in the feline cervical spine (C2–T1) using CT. Methods CT images of feline cervical spines (n = 16) were reviewed retrospectively. Multiplanar reconstructions were used to define the optimal safe corridors. Safe corridors were defined by their angle of insertion, width and length. The insertion point within the vertebral body was also described. Vertebral measurements were compared between vertebrae using multilevel linear regression, and left and right measurements within vertebrae were compared with the paired samples Wilcoxon signed-rank test. A P value <0.05 was considered significant for all analyses. Results The safe corridor insertion points were located within the caudal third of the vertebral body in C2 (mean cranial vertebral ratio 0.73) and in the cranial third of the vertebral bodies from C3–T1 (mean cranial vertebral ratios 0.34–0.38). Mean safe corridor widths ranged from 1.04 mm in C2 to 2.30 mm in C7 and T1. The mean right and left optimal angles of implantation were, respectively, 21.79° and 21.49° for C2, 45.26° and 46.19° for C3, 51.48° and 51.04° for C4, 53.52° and 54.30° for C5, 56.36° and 56.65° for C6, 63.40° and 64.92° for C7, and 53.90° and 52.90° for T1. There were statistically significant differences between vertebrae in almost every measurement. Conclusions and relevance Cervical vertebral safe corridors in cats are narrow and differ to those reported in dogs. Safe corridors are located in the caudal third of C2 and cranial third of the C3–T1 vertebral bodies. Current recommendations for implant sizes should be reviewed, as 1.5–2 mm implants would be oversized for bicortical implantation in most of the feline cervical vertebrae.
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Ma, Zhaowei, Zhongming Wang, Aitong Ma, Yunzhuo Liu i Yifeng Niu. "A Low-Altitude Obstacle Avoidance Method for UAVs Based on Polyhedral Flight Corridor". Drones 7, nr 9 (19.09.2023): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7090588.
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UAVs flying in complex low-altitude environments often require real-time sensing to avoid environmental obstacles. In previous approaches, UAVs have usually carried out motion planning based on primitive navigation maps such as point clouds and raster maps to achieve autonomous obstacle avoidance. However, due to the huge amount of data in these raw navigation maps and the highly discrete map information, the efficiency of solving the UAV’s real-time trajectory optimization is low, making it difficult to meet the demand for efficient online motion planning. A flight corridor is a series of unobstructed continuous areas and has convex properties. The flight corridor can be used as a simple parametric representation to characterize the safe flight space in the environment, and used as the cost of the collision term in the trajectory back-end optimization for trajectory solving, which can improve the efficiency of real-time trajectory solving and ensure flight safety. Therefore, this paper focuses on the construction of safe flight corridors for UAVs and autonomous obstacle avoidance algorithms for UAVs based on safe flight corridors, based on a rotary-wing UAV platform, and proposes a polyhedral flight corridor construction algorithm and realizes autonomous obstacle avoidance for UAVs based on the constructed flight corridors.
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Harper, Tisha, Stephen Joslyn, Julia Whittington, Devon Hague, Mark Mitchell, David Schaeffer i Clara Moran. "Computed tomographic study of safe implantation corridors in rabbit lumbar vertebrae". Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 30, nr 05 (2017): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-17-01-0009.
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Summary Objectives: A study was performed to evaluate the lumbar vertebrae of domestic rabbits using computed tomography (CT) in order to identify safe corridors for implant insertion. Methods: Computed tomography imaging of 20 adult New Zealand white rabbits was evaluated using three-dimensional multi -planar reconstruction, and safe corridors were determined. Following corridor determination, implant placement was performed, and imaging was repeated. Results: The cranial and caudal endplates contained the majority of the vertebral bone stock, and were an average of 3.14 and 3.30 mm in length, respectively. The mean safe corridor angle was 62.9 degrees (range: 58.8–66.7), and the mean width of the corridor was 2.03 mm (range: 1.60– 2.07). Post-placement imaging revealed that 35% of the pins demonstrated errors of placement, most commonly canal impingement. Conclusions: The results of the corridor evaluation indicate that an insertion angle of approximately 60 degrees relative to the sagittal midline is appropriate for implant insertion in the lumbar vertebrae of New Zealand white rabbits. Additionally, due to the hourglass shape of rabbit vertebrae, the endplates provide maximal bone stock for implant purchase, so insertion should be attempted in these regions. However, the high percentage of errors in placement indicate the need to more clearly define entry points to access the canal, and highlight the challenges of appropriate placement in the small bones of rabbits.
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Prause, Gunnar. "A Green Corridor Balanced Scorecard". Transport and Telecommunication Journal 15, nr 4 (19.12.2014): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2014-0026.
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AbstractGreen transport corridors represent trans-shipment routes with a concentration of freight traffic between major hubs and long distances of transport marked by reduced environmental and climate impact. Important characteristics of green corridors are their network structures, their transnational character and their high involvement of public and private stakeholders, including political level requiring new governance models. Network-oriented controlling of green transport corridors require new concepts and instruments concentrating on multi-dimensional evaluation of collective strategies and processes in an international environment with a focus on cross-company aspects.Until now the scientific discussion focusses on different sets of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) for monitoring and management of green corridors, which mainly cover sustainable aspects of green corridor development by neglecting a network-oriented controlling approach so that a general concept for green corridor controlling is still missing. The current KPI approaches emphasize the operational aspects of the corridor performance so that a strategic management control system is needed to safeguard an efficient, innovative, safe and environmental friendly long-term development.The paper will present and discuss a management control system for green supply chains based on the balanced scorecard concept and link the ongoing scientific discussion to recent research results about green corridor management. The presented green corridor balanced scorecard tries to solve the strategic weakness of the existing green corridor controlling approaches by integrating cooperative and network-oriented concepts from supply chain management.
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Ranjbar, Mansour, Ali Tavakoli Kashani, Mohammad Mehdi Besharati, Moslem Azizi Bondarabadi, Hormoz Zakeri, Seyedali Hosseinizadeh, Gregory Chambers, Lori Mooren i Ray Shuey. "Adopting a Safe System Approach to Determine Safer Speed Limits: A Case Study from Iran". Journal of Road Safety 33, nr 1 (9.02.2022): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-21-00045.
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Speed management is one of the main dimensions of the Safe System Approach for reducing both the risk of crash involvement as well as injury severity. This study proposes a practical framework for setting safer speed limits on duplicated rural highways that has been applied to six pilot corridors (total carriageway length of approximately 1,250 km) in Iran. The safer speed limits determined from the proposed framework have been compared with the currently posted speed limits using several indicators and showed a considerable reduction in the total number of changes in speed limits while having very limited impact on reducing the mean travel speed and increase travel time along the study corridors. The study of the pilot corridors establishes that a clear approach and documented guidelines for setting speed limits provides a basis for quantifying engineering judgments about road hazards and determining more consistent speed limit values for similar conditions across Iran’s rural highway network, legitimising speed limit reductions aimed at saving
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Nguyen, Thai Binh, Manzur Murshed, Tanveer Choudhury, Kathleen Keogh, Gayan Kahandawa Appuhamillage i Linh Nguyen. "A Depth-Based Hybrid Approach for Safe Flight Corridor Generation in Memoryless Planning". Sensors 23, nr 16 (16.08.2023): 7206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23167206.
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This paper presents a depth-based hybrid method to generate safe flight corridors for a memoryless local navigation planner. It is first proposed to use raw depth images as inputs in the learning-based object-detection engine with no requirement for map fusion. We then employ an object-detection network to directly predict the base of polyhedral safe corridors in a new raw depth image. Furthermore, we apply a verification procedure to eliminate any false predictions so that the resulting collision-free corridors are guaranteed. More importantly, the proposed mechanism helps produce separate safe corridors with minimal overlap that are suitable to be used as space boundaries for path planning. The average intersection of union (IoU) of corridors obtained by the proposed algorithm is less than 2%. To evaluate the effectiveness of our method, we incorporated it into a memoryless planner with a straight-line path-planning algorithm. We then tested the entire system in both synthetic and real-world obstacle-dense environments. The obtained results with very high success rates demonstrate that the proposed approach is highly capable of producing safe corridors for memoryless local planning.
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Wicaksono, Agung Wahyu, Imam Sonhaji i Darmawanta Sembiring. "Penerbangan dan Wisata: Travel Bubble dan Koridor Transportasi di Masa Pandemi". Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi & Logistik (JMTRANSLOG) 9, nr 2 (23.03.2023): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.54324/j.mtl.v9i2.570.
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The purpose of this study is to examine Indonesia's readiness in implementing the Travel Bubble, map which countries are most appropriate for a travel bubble based on the covid case that occurs and to map safe transportation corridors to leading tourist destinations in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative research method by describing statistical data to draw conclusions, the data used are secondary data published by related organizations and previous research data related to this research. The results of this study explain that Indonesia is still not ready for the existing conditions, it needs other adjustments, while the best countries for a travel bubble with Indonesia are China, Singapore, the Netherlands and Saudi Arabia. Covid-19 free transportation corridors that can be mapped are the Yogyakarta - Bali - Lombok - Komodo Island corridor, the Bali - Toraja corridor via Makassar and the Bali - Raja Ampat corridor via Biak
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Eby, Adam, Peter Early, Simon Roe, Karl Kraus, Yuan Lingnan i Jonathan Mochel. "Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Mid-thoracic Vertebral Corridors in Normal French Bulldogs". European Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2, nr 1 (1.02.2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejvetmed.2022.2.1.21.
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Objectives: (1) To report internal measurements of thoracic vertebral bone morphology and (2) identify safe and clinically applicable surgical implant corridors in the T7-T9 thoracic vertebrae of French Bulldogs.
Study Design: Observational, cross‐sectional, descriptive study.
Sample Population: Seven client-owned French Bulldogs with normal thoracic vertebrae.
Methods: Computed tomographic (CT) studies of normal French Bulldogs were reviewed. Multiplanar reconstruction of the CT images was used to determine thoracic vertebral corridors. Corridor measurements included the width, length, insertion distance off midline, and angle off midline (sagittal) for each thoracic vertebra. One‐way analysis of variance was used to detect differences between groups.
Results: Measurements of vertebral corridor width (p>0.9848), length (p>0.8113), implant center (p>0.9282) and angle (p>0.3609) did not differ between each vertebra. The average vertebral corridor width was 4.5 ± 0.7 mm. The average corridor length was 17.2 ± 2.5 mm. The average corridor angle was 22.3 ± 1.9 °. The mean distance the proposed implant center was from the vertebral midline was 8.2 ± 1.1 mm. Inter-observer agreement of corridor length and implant center was good but poor for corridor angle and width.
Conclusion: Based on average corridor width and length, commercially available cortical screws or pins can be utilized for implants in this region of the thoracic spine. The angle of corridor trajectory from a dorsal approach seems most applicable for T7-T9.
Clinical Significance: Vertebral corridors can be measured using CT-MPR, and implant specifications and angles derived. Surgical guides can also be created to guide implant placement. This approach provides a simple and accurate method to guide the placement of thoracic vertebral implants.
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Vignesh, R., M. Javed, SubbaChandra Balaji, C. Premanand, SyedAshfaque Zakki i C. Rex. "Safe corridors for K-wiring in phalangeal fractures". Indian Journal of Orthopaedics 49, nr 4 (2015): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5413.159591.
Pełny tekst źródłaRozprawy doktorskie na temat "Safe corridors"
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Toumieh, Charbel. "Single and multi-agent motion planning for multirotors at high speeds". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG072.
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La navigation autonome des drones aériens a de nombreuses applications réelles qui peuvent rendre certaines tâches plus rapides et plus efficaces, telles que la recherche et le sauvetage. L'approche principale consiste à diviser le problème de la navigation autonome en sous-problèmes et à essayer de les résoudre de manière optimale. Ces sous-problèmes sont généralement considérés comme étant la perception (localisation et cartographie), la planification et le contrôle. Dans ce travail, nous abordons certains des sous-problèmes qui constituent des goulots d'étranglement du vol rapide et agile de la navigation autonome par drone. Nous mettons l'accent sur l'adaptation de nos algorithmes aux systèmes embarqués à faible puissance de calcul. Notre travail se scinde en 4 parties. La première partie concerne un nouvel algorithme de planification hors ligne, en environnment cartographié et statique, qui bat toutes les méthodes de l'état de l'art en termes de génération de trajectoire optimale en temps pour les multirotors. La deuxième partie traite de la cartographie et étudie les limites de l'utilisation d'un GPU pour transformer une carte de nuages de points générés par des capteurs en une grille de voxels. L'accent est mis sur la génération de la grille de voxels dans le temps de calcul le plus court possible pour la rendre adaptée aux systèmes embarqués à faible puissance de calcul. La troisième partie aborde, en partant d'une grille de voxel, le problème de la génération de couloirs sûrs qui sont utilisés dans les méthodes de planification de l'état de l'art pour planifier des trajectoires sûres et réalisables. Dans notre travail sur les couloirs sûrs, nous améliorons l'état de l'art en termes de sécurité, tout en restant dans les contraintes strictes des systèmes à faible puissance de calcul. La quatrième et dernière partie utilise nos travaux sur les couloirs sûrs et propose un nouveau cadre de planification améliorant l'état de l'art de la planification multirotor dans un environnement statique/dynamique pour la planification mono/multi-agentAutonomous navigation of aerial drones has many real-world applications that can make some tasks faster and more efficient, such as search and rescue. The main approach is to divide the problem of autonomous navigation into subproblems and try to solve them optimally. These subproblems are usually considered to be perception (localization and mapping), planning and control. In this work, we address some of these subproblems that are bottlenecks of fast and agile flight of autonomous drone navigation. We focus on making our algorithms suitable for low compute embedded systems. Our work can be divided into 4 parts. The first part presents a new offline planning algorithm in a mapped and static environment that beats all state-of-the-art methods in terms of time optimal trajectory generation for quadrotors. The second part addresses mapping and studies the limits of using a GPU to transform the pointcloud output of sensors into a voxel grid. The focus is on generating the voxel grid in the lowest computation time possible to make it suitable for low compute embedded systems. The third part (using voxel grids) tackles the problem of generating Safe Corridors that are used in state-of-the-art planning methods to plan safe and feasible trajectories. In our work on Safe Corridors we improve on the state-of-the-art in terms of safety, while remaining within the hard constraints of low compute systems. The fourth and final part uses our work on Safe Corridors and presents a new planning framework to improve on the state-of-the-art of multirotor planning in a static/dynamic environment for single/multi-agent planning
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Hellemeier, Clemens. "From Stockholm To Hamburg: Do the Actors involved have the same Corridor in Mind?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-72458.
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In the course of the European Commission’s aim at planning for economic territorial cohesion, an increased accessibility of the European regions and a strengthening of the regions’ competitiveness, focus have been drawn on the improvement of infrastructure for transport. This research deals with what can be seen as a pre-discourse in the front end of a planning process for a future transport corridor between the cities of Hamburg and Stockholm, during which the actors are positioning themselves. This is done by a qualitative analysis of selected policy documents from the national, regional and municipal level in Sweden, Denmark and Germany and the European commission. The results indicate that the actors involved interpret the concept of a transport corridor in various ways, since the policy documents that have been analysed for this research reveal possible inherent conflicts. The most considerable differences can be seen between the authorities on the national level on the one hand and the authorities on the regional and municipal level on the other. However, the location of a municipality or region does also influence their interpretation of a future transport corridor.
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Marembo, Kudzanai Rosebud. "Identifying african wild dog (Lycaon pictus) corridors outside Gonarezhou National Park and Save Valley Conservancy using maxent species distribution modeling". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96893.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT:The African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) is one of the most endangered large carnivores. Gonarezhou National Park (GNP) and Savè Valley Conservancy (SVC) that hold part of the few remaining viable populations report that wild dog populations continue to decline due to high rates of habitat loss and fragmentation. This leads to low pup survival rates due to predators and reduced formation of new packs as the wild dogs have become reluctant to leave the safety of their original packs in pursuit of mating partners in fragmented habitats where higher risks of danger exist. Consequently, this reduces population growth for Lycaon pictus. Therefore, the study sought to identify additional suitable habitat for wild dog outside GNP and SVC and a corridor connecting the two areas using the ecological niche theory. Wild dog satellite collar data from the African Wildlife Conservation Fund (AWCF) was used with spatial and climate data for GNP and SVC from PeaceParks and WorldClim. This data was used to firstly, identify dens using ArcGIS 10.1. Secondly, map geographic and temporal distributions using Time Local Convex Hull (T-LoCoH). Thirdly, to assess biotic and abiotic drivers of different packs and sexes movement and distribution patterns using ARCGIS 10.1 and lastly, map probability distributions (corridor and re-location sites) using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt). Den locations are in areas away from predators and human settlements. Wild dog geographic distributions are smaller in the cold and dry seasons and differ according to sex whilst temporal distributions depend on their use of resources. The most influential biotic and abiotic variables within reserves were distance to human settlements and elevation whilst the least influential were roads and temperature. However, outside the reserves, the most influential variable was distance from reserve. Malilangwe is a potential corridor between GNP and SVC, whilst Masvingo, Beitbridge, and Mwenezi districts have suitable habitat for re-location sites.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Afrika-wildehond (Lycaon pictus) is een van die mees bedreigde groot karnivore. Gonarezhou Nationale Park (GNP) en Savè Vallei Conservancy (SVC) wat deel van die min oorblywende lewensvatbare bevolkings hou rapporteer dat wilde hond bevolkings voortgaan om te daal as gevolg van die verlies en fragmentering van habitat. Dit lei tot 'n lae pup oorlewingsyfer te danke aan predasie asook dalende vlakke van nuwe troppe. Omdat as die wilde honde het huiwerig geword om die veiligheid van hul oorspronklike troppe te verlaat in die soektog na paarmaats in gefragmenteerde habitatte waar hoër risiko van gevaar bestaan. Gevolglik verminder die bevolkingsgroei vir Lycaon pictus. Daarom onderneem die studie addisionele geskikte habitat vir wilde hond buite die GNP en SVC te vind en die stigting van 'n gang Om die twee gebiede te verbind met behulp van die ekologiese nis teorie te identifiseer. Wildehond satelliet kraag data van die African Wildlife Conservation Fund (AWCF) is gebruik met ruimtelike en klimaat data vir die GNP en SVC van PeaceParks en WorldClim. Hierdie data is gebruik om eerstens, kuile te identifiseer met behulp van ArcGIS 10.1. Tweedens, kartering van geografiese en temporale verspreiding met behulp van Time Local Convex Hull (T-LoCoH). Derdens, die ondersoek van biotiese en abioties dryfkragte van verskillende troppe pakke en geslagte bewegings en verspreidingspatrone met ArcGIS 10.1 te evalueer en laastens, kartering van waarskynlikheidsverdelings (korridor en hervestigingsgebiede) van die Maksimum Entropie (MaxEnt). Kuile is in gebiede weg van roofdiere en menslike nedersettings. Wildehond geografiese verspreiding is kleiner in die koue en droë seisoene en verskil volgens geslag, terwyl temporale verspreidings afhang van die gebruik van hulpbronne. Die mees invloedryke biotiese en abioties veranderlikes binne reserwes was die afstand vanaf menslike nedersettings en hoogte, terwyl paaie en temperatuur die laagste invloed gehad. Buite die reserwes was, die mees invloedryke veranderlike afstand vanaf reservaat. Malilangwe is 'n potensiële korridor tussen die GNP en SVC, terwyl Masvingo, Beitbridge en Mwenezi distrikte geskikte habitat bied vir hervestiging.
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Papaeracleous, Iraklis. "Revising urban mobilities : Transformation of Essingeleden motorway into a safer, more walkable and transit-friendlier mobility corridor". Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254561.
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Many cities including Stockholm gave highways as a solution to traffic congestion. Essingeleden motorway is part of European route E4 and today is the busiest road in Sweden. It connects the north and the south part of the country, by crossing islands of central Stockholm. The result of that is a huge swath through the city, that splits the island of Kungsholmen into two pieces, creating isolated neighbourhoods and huge traffic jams. I believe that Essingeleden is reaching its end as a highway, especially since Stockholm is preparing to become a fossil fuel-free city until 2050. Last, the Stockholm bypass project will be able to replace Essingeleden outside the city centre, therefore the Essingeleden worth is being called into question. Through my diploma project I will propose the transformation of Essingeleden motorway into surface streets, boulevards and parks to improve the accessibility and the street network. Furthermore, my solution will connect the isolated neighbourhoods by healing the local street networks and improve the regional traffic dispersion. Last, since Essingeleden highway is a very strong and central network, parts of the infrastructure will remain and will accommodate a new public transportation route to replace the highway network.
Książki na temat "Safe corridors"
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Toronto Area Rail Transportation of Dangerous Goods Task Force (Canada), red. Seeking a safe corridor: Protecting Toronto's future. Toronto: M-TRAC, 1986.
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Showalter, Dave. Sage Spirit: Landscape and Livelihood in the American West. Mountaineers Books, The, 2015.
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Gurgenidze, Davit, i Givi Gavardashvili. Fundamentals of The Ecological-Economic Theory of Integrated Natural Resource Management. Georgian Technical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36073/978-9941-28-869-2.
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The main effective indicator of the use of natural resources is the natural capacity, which is determined by the volume of natural resources used and the final products. There are two types (levels) of natural capacity: Macro level - the level of the whole economy and the level of productivity. It is argued that the measurement of the rate of naturalness in dynamics may become one of the main criteria for the transition to solid development. We can distinguish three mechanisms for the implementation of environmental-economic policies: direct regulation (state influence); Economic stimulus (market mechanisms); Mixed mechanisms. The experience of the world in 2010-2020 shows that it is impossible to solve environmental problems only through state intervention or market mechanisms. There are "principal" reasons for the failure of the market mechanism (external, low prices, etc.) and the ineffectiveness of state influence (subsidies, taxes, etc.) in the areas of environmental protection and use of natural resources. In this regard, a mixed mechanism is most acceptable, which allows the implementation of environmental-economic policies, etc., using state influence and market mechanisms. In view of all the above, the monograph "Fundamentals of the Ecological-Economic Theory of Integrated Natural Resource Management" discusses the necessary and necessary theoretical-practical issues, which knowledge will help PhD students, masters and researchers interested in the field of ecology and economics to take an active part in solving the tasks required for the safe operation of Georgia's energy and transport corridors at the modern level.
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Agarwal, Vijay, red. Integrated Management of Complex Intracranial Lesions. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108908610.
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Large intracranial lesions are among the most complex and dangerous lesions encountered by neurosurgeons, and a single neurosurgical approach often does not provide a large or safe enough corridor for effective treatment. A combined approach to these surgeries, incorporating open, endoscopic, vascular and keyhole techniques can be more successful. This comprehensive text describes in detail how to select the most appropriate approaches, as well as how to avoid any complications that may arise. High quality videos of the techniques described are available through an online version on Cambridge Core, accessible via the code printed on the inside of the cover. With over 150 colour images supporting the text, this is a definitive reference for anyone involved in intracranial tumor or vascular surgery.
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Zola, Émile. His Excellency Eugène Rougon. Redaktor Brian Nelson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780198748250.001.0001.
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‘He loved power for power's sake . . . He was without question the greatest of the Rougons.’ His Excellency Eugène Rougon (1876) is the sixth novel in Zola's twenty-volume Rougon-Macquart cycle. A political novel set in the corridors of power and in the upper échelons of French Second Empire society, including the Imperial court, it focuses on the fluctuating fortunes of the authoritarian Eugène Rougon, the 'vice-Emperor'. But it is more than just a chronicle. It plunges the reader into the essential dynamics of the political: the rivalries, the scheming, the jockeying for position, the ups and downs, the play of interests, the lobbying and gossip, the patronage and string-pulling, the bribery and blackmail, and, especially, the manipulation of language for political purposes. The novel's themes-especially its treatment of political discourse-have remarkable contemporary resonance. His Excellency Eugène Rougon is about politics everywhere.
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Smiley, Will. Prisoners of War. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785415.003.0006.
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This chapter turns from captivity after wars, to captivity during wars. It argues that in the 1768 and 1787 Wars, the Ottoman state created a “prisoner of war” system by taking captured enemy combatants—soldiers and sailors—into its own custody, rather than allowing soldiers to sell them. They were no longer valued primarily for labor, ransom, or sale. Indeed, at times the Porte even saw them as a burden. The Ottoman state may have undertaken this initiative in order to make the Law of Release easier to implement: if it held those captives about whom Russian diplomats were the most concerned—captured combatants—in its own hands, diplomatic tensions might be lowered. This chapter traces, in turn, the creation of the prisoner-of-war system, its basic structure, its limitation to the Ottoman state’s corridors of power, and European observers’ recognition of it.
Części książek na temat "Safe corridors"
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Huh, Jinwook, Ömür Arslan i Daniel D. Lee. "Probabilistically Safe Corridors to Guide Sampling-Based Motion Planning". W Springer Proceedings in Advanced Robotics, 311–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95459-8_19.
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Sláma, Jakub, Petr Váňa i Jan Faigl. "GNG-based Clustering of Risk-aware Trajectories into Safe Corridors". W Advances in Self-Organizing Maps, Learning Vector Quantization, Clustering and Data Visualization, 87–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15444-7_9.
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Lin, Haichao. "Design of Multi-robot Path Planning Based on Safe Corridors". W Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 409–19. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2757-5_43.
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Rajan, S. Irudaya, i Ashwin Kumar. "Migration, Development Within the SAARC Framework: Towards a Migration Governance Model of the Future". W IMISCOE Research Series, 215–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34194-6_15.
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AbstractMigration is seen as a major contributing factor to a nation’s social and economic development, and has been recognized as such in various international forums, including the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 2015 as well as the Global Compact on Migration in 2018. International Migration has especially impacted the South Asian region considerably. However, there has been very little research done on the macro-outlook of migration within the South Asian region itself, which is not insignificant. This chapter builds on the narrative of migration and development, concentrated within a South Asian perspective. It looks at the various migration governance systems and policies in the countries that make up the South Asianregion. Later, the chapter also looks at the major migration corridors within the region and the various socio-economic dimensions associated with it. Finally, it proposes a framework for safe and sustainable migration within the region, adhering tothe principlesof the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), which can provide the perfect platform for all South Asian member countries to get together and jointly work towards ensuring sustainable migration among the countries, thereby helping each other meet their respective Sustainable Development Goal targets.
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Jansman, Hugh A. H. "Animal Conservation in the Twenty-First Century". W The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics, 27–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63523-7_2.
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AbstractBiodiversity on Earth is rapidly decreasing and the situation in the Netherlands is in that perspective a textbook example. The main causes for species extinction are habitat loss, landscape degradation and overuse. Conservation efforts should focus more on the level of viable ecosystems. A strategic plan to do so is called Cores, Corridors and Carnivores (rewilding’s three C’s). This requires strong Cores of nature, mutually connected via robust Corridors. Based on island biogeography theory it can be calculated that if we want to conserve roughly 85% of the current biodiversity, 50% of the Earth’s surface needs to be protected, ‘Nature needs half’. For healthy ecosystems we need to get top-down forcing by apex consumers back in ecosystems. These apex consumers are mainly large Carnivores, and bringing them back asks for coexistence. If we want to keep our living conditions on planet Earth healthy we have to change our unsustainable way of living and change our way of thinking with respect to nature, natural processes and our relation with other species. The loss of biodiversity can only be halted or reversed if we save more space for nature and natural processes including top-down forcing and last but not least, find a way of coexistence with our fellow creatures.
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Jiang, Man, Fedor Baart, Klaas Visser, Robert Hekkenberg i Mark Van Koningsveld. "Corridor Scale Planning of Bunker Infrastructure for Zero-Emission Energy Sources in Inland Waterway Transport". W Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 334–45. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_30.
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AbstractThe availability of supporting bunker infrastructure for zero-emission energy sources will be key to accommodate zero-emission inland waterway transport (IWT). However, it remains unclear which (mix of) zero-emission energy sources to prepare for, and how to plan the bunker infrastructure in relative positions and required capacity at corridor scale. To provide insight into the positioning and dimensions of bunkering infrastructure we propose a bottom-up energy consumption method combined with agent based network simulation. In the method, we first produce a two-way traffic energy consumption map, aggregated from the energy footprint of individual vessels on the transport network. Next we investigate the potential sailing range of the vessels on the network if they would sail the same routes, but with alternative energy carriers. Based on the sailing range of the vessels for different energy carriers, the maximum inter-distance between refuelling points can be estimated. By aggregating the energy consumptions of all the vessels on the network, we can estimate the required capacity of a given refuelling point. To demonstrate the basic functionality we implement the method to four representative corridor scale inland shipping examples using zero-emission energy sources including hydrogen, batteries, e-NH3, e-methanol and e-LNG. The application in this paper is limited to four abstract cases. A recommended next step is to apply this approach to a more realistic network.
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Feyissa, Dereje, Meron Zeleke i Fana Gebresenbet. "Migration as a Collective Project in the Global South: A Case Study from the Ethiopia–South Africa Corridor". W The Palgrave Handbook of South–South Migration and Inequality, 201–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39814-8_10.
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AbstractThis chapter critiques the individualist thrust in migration studies and the assumed “autonomous agency” of prospective migrants, especially in the context of the Global South. It recasts migration as a collective project through a case study of Hadiya migration to South Africa, the place of origin or most of Ethiopian migrants. The chapter makes the case for a processual understanding of migration rather than a synchronic approach with its nature changing on the “individualist-collectivist continuum” across time. It is argued that the success of Hadiya migration to South Africa is largely due to its collective nature at the various stages of migration processes—from decision-making, to the various forms of social support that enable cost sharing and ease the process of settlement at destination. At the same time however, the material wealth accumulated in South Africa, and the greed that underpins it, has contributed to the erosion of the collective imagination of social life and the increasing centrality of individualist perspectives, particularly viewed in businesses and investments. As such, the collective benefits accrued at early stages are now being lost and the negative consequences are becoming perceptible. The chapter concludes making a case for bringing in a temporal approach that examines changes in the individualist/collectivist conceptions of migratory agency at different phases of the migration experience.
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Yan, Xiujun, Zhonghua Li i Lin Chen. "Prototype Monitoring of Cavitation in Valve Culvert of Qianwei Shiplock". W Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 553–64. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_48.
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AbstractThe working condition of water valve is an important sign of the success for navigation lock design, and the valve cavitation characteristics and suppression technology is the key technical challenge in the design of high head navigation lock, in the view of the “flat bottom & top spreading” with the condition of “less project quantities, convenient construction” simple type corridor with the head of 19 m in Qianwei ship lock, the method of combining the physical model test and prototype observation are both adopt to this research. Through the physical model test, the cavitation position, cavitation characteristics and the effect of natural ventilation on cavitation suppression are comprehensively determined by analyzing the change law of cavitation noise intensity from several cavitation noise sensors under different opening conditions during the opening process, also the visual observation of flow state and auditory observation. Prototype observation focuses on the effect of self-aerated technology of valve lintel. When the air pipe outside the value lintel position is closed, there are evident in the cavitation pulse signal, and the maximum strength can reach to 182Pa, the “crackling” of cavitation collapse could be clearly felt at the top of the value, occasionally with 2–3 times slight “muffled thunder”, The results show that the valve section has stronger cavitation during the opening process of value. On the contrary, when self-aerated of valve lintel was realized, the maximum ventilatory capacity was 0.169 m3/s, which was close to the 0.170 m3/s calculated by the physical model in the design stage, and no cavitation pulse signal was detected among the valve wells on both sides, and the process line was “stable” with the maximum noise intensity only about 10 Pa, no sound of cavitation collapse was heard at the top of the valve section during the whole valve opening process. The comparison of value steeve vibration also verifies the effect of self-aerated technology of valve lintel at the same times. The results show that self-aerated technology of valve lintel can significantly inhibit the cavitation of valve segment of this form.
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Scholz, Luca. "Boundaries". W Borders and Freedom of Movement in the Holy Roman Empire, 87–127. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845676.003.0004.
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Although boundaries feature prominently on our maps of the Empire, this chapter argues that they did not pose a particular obstacle to most travellers until the mid-eighteenth century. One circumstance in which territorial borders became relevant were safe-conduct processions. Neighbouring rulers had to agree on the boundaries at which their escorts handed over travellers, creating an opportunity to confirm, challenge, and negotiate territorial boundaries. Using manuscript drawings and paintings from Mühldorf in Bavaria, this chapter discusses the importance of visual records and the material setting in these situations. However, concerning everyday forms of mobility, borders only played a subordinate role. Self-designed maps show that tolls were not usually levied at territorial boundaries, but at toll stations along important thoroughfares. Before the mid-eighteenth century, the geography of governed mobility is therefore more appropriately understood in terms of channels and corridors than through territories and boundaries, a quality the Empire shared with other polities outside Europe.
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"Open Doors in the Corridors of Power". W For God’s Sake. Zed Books Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350220195.ch-001.
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Slama, Jakub, Petr Vana i Jan Faigl. "Generating Safe Corridors Roadmap for Urban Air Mobility". W 2022 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros47612.2022.9981326.
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Liu, Honghui, Xiaomei Xie i Mingzhu Wei. "An Automated Parking Trajectory Planning Method Based on Safe Parking Corridors". W 2023 7th CAA International Conference on Vehicular Control and Intelligence (CVCI). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvci59596.2023.10397154.
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Hua, Zhengyang. "Constructing Safe Flight Corridors for Quadrotor Navigation in Cluttered 3-D Environments". W 2023 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Power, Electronics and Computer Applications (ICPECA). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpeca56706.2023.10076054.
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Daniel Raj, J. Joshua, C. N. Sangeetha, Sarthak Ghorai, Subhajit Das, Manish i Shariq Ahmed. "Wild Animals Intrusion Detection for Safe Commuting in Forest Corridors using AI Techniques". W 2023 3rd International Conference on Innovative Practices in Technology and Management (ICIPTM). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciptm57143.2023.10117831.
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Zarembski, Allan M., James Blaze i Pradeep Patel. "Shared Corridors, Shared Interests". W 2011 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2011-56095.
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What are some of the practical obstacles to a “shared interests” between a freight railway business and the proposed new higher speed passenger entity? This paper discusses the real “tension” between the two business interests that fund freight trains versus those that support and fund higher speed passenger trains as they attempt to share the same tracks in a safe manner. There are fundamental laws of physics that have to be addressed as the two different sets of equipment are “accommodated” on a shared corridor. This may not always be an easy accommodation between the two commercial parties. One real tension between the two commercial interests involves the physical problem of accommodating two radically different train sets on areas of curved track. For one example, what will be the passenger train required future higher speeds and how will these speeds be accommodated in existing main line tracks with curves varying from 1% to 6% in degrees? How much super elevation will need to be put back into the heretofore freight train tracks? How will the resulting super elevation affect the operation of so called drag or high tonnage slow speed bulk cargo trains? Accommodating such differences in train set types, axle loadings, freight versus passenger train set speeds, requires making detailed choices at the engineering level. These may be shared interests, but they are also variables with far different outcomes by design for the two different business types. The freight railways have spent the last few decades “taking the super elevation out” because it is not needed for the modern and highly efficient freight trains. Now the requirements of the passenger trains may need for it to be replaced. What are the dynamics and fundamental engineering principles at work here? Grade crossings have a safety issue set of interests that likely require such things as “quad” gates and for the highest passenger train speeds even complete grade separation. Track accommodating very high speed passenger trains requires under federal regulations much closer physical property tolerances in gauge width, track alignment, and surface profile. This in turn increases the level of track inspection and track maintenance expenses versus the standard freight operations in a corridor. Fundamentally, how is this all going to be allocated to the two different commercial train users? What will be the equally shared cost and what are examples of the solely allocated costs when a corridor has such different train users? In summary, this paper provides a description of these shared issues and the fundamental trade-offs that the parties must agree upon related to overall track design, track geometry, track curvature, super elevation options, allowed speeds in curves, more robust protection at grade crossings, and the manner in which these changes from the freight only corridors are to be allocated given the resulting much higher track maintenance costs of these to be shared assets.
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Li, Bai, Tankut Acarman, Xiaoyan Peng, Youmin Zhang, Xuepeng Bian i Qi Kong. "Maneuver Planning for Automatic Parking with Safe Travel Corridors: A Numerical Optimal Control Approach". W 2020 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ecc51009.2020.9143786.
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Cen, Hangjie, Bai Li, Tankut Acarman, Youmin Zhang, Yakun Ouyang i Yiqun Dong. "Optimization-based Maneuver Planning for a Tractor-Trailer Vehicle in Complex Environments using Safe Travel Corridors". W 2021 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iv48863.2021.9575439.
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DOMLESKY, ANYA. "Infrastructure Corridors: Leveraging Linear Systems for Public Life". W 2021 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference. ACSA Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.21.33.
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The community benefits of public open space were made ever more apparent during lockdowns in U.S. cities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parks and open streets became outdoor living rooms, birthday party venues, protest sites, meeting places, date spots, restaurants, and safe group gathering locations. Their function as necessary social infrastructure in the sense that sociologist Eric Klinenberg has defined it, became visible daily. At the same time a racial reckoning and climate emergency pressed for action while municipal budgets strained to meet basic needs. We know public space provision is key to democratic life for both dissent and community building. We also know we need to densify cities and make urban spaces livable and desirable if we want to reduce climate impacts and individual carbon footprints. Developing linear parks and open space systems that take advantage of existing infrastructure corridors is one promising option to meet these goals. These spaces utilize infill sites either by reuse or co-use of transportation infrastructure and due to their long form, have lots of edge which provides access to a greater number of people than a traditional parcel. And also, like all parks, they have the capacity to mitigate adverse urban impacts like heat, noise, and flooding. Our practice- based research group has studied four infrastructure types that were generated from the dominant transportation infra- structures of past waves of economic activity: port, river, rail, and road. Looking at over 400 precedent projects across the globe, we have distilled out five main strategies that inform the design, development, and use of these corridors and their associated storage areas. Contextualizing urban design and open space projects through the lens of their originating infrastructural footprint has not been attempted to date. This research paves the way for understanding the catalysts for infrastructure reuse or co-use, the unique benefits of linear systems, lessons learned from accompanying development patterns, exclusive funding streams, and political returns of investing in this type of open space. The research has been impactful in making the case for linear parks and systems as high-benefit, lower cost method of open space provision for American metro areas.
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Tutumluer, Erol, Timothy D. Stark, Debakanta Mishra i James P. Hyslip. "Investigation and Mitigation of Differential Movement at Railway Transitions for US High Speed Passenger Rail and Joint Passenger/Freight Corridors". W 2012 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2012-74074.
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As with most highway bridges, railway transitions experience differential movements due to differences in track system stiffness, track damping characteristics, foundation type, ballast settlement from fouling and/or degradation, as well as fill and subgrade settlement. This differential movement is especially problematic for high speed rail infrastructure as the “bump” at the transition is accentuated at high speeds. Identification of different factors contributing towards this differential movement, as well as development of design and maintenance strategies to mitigate the problem is imperative for the safe and economical operation of both freight and passenger rail networks. This paper presents the research framework and preliminary findings from a recently initiated research effort at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Aimed at developing design and repair techniques to mitigate differential movement at railway transitions, this research project involves instrumentation, performance monitoring and numerical modeling of new and existing track transitions.
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Čudina Ivančev, Ana, i Vesna Dragčević. "The influence of autonomous vehicles on the selection of highway design elements". W 8th Symposium on Doctoral Studies in Civil Engineering. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/phdsym.2022.19.
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The introduction of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence in cars, raises the question of what the road infrastructure should be like in the future. The changes are expected to be significant, given that the human factor has influenced a number of design parameters. The ability of autonomous vehicles to drive themselves, anticipate situations, communicate with surrounding vehicles and infrastructure, and the environment in which they are located, places new demands on road infrastructure. Gradual changes in infrastructure will mostly depend on the speed of development of autonomous vehicles and their introduction into the transport system. Starting with intensive maintenance of roads and accompanying facilities, through separate corridors only for autonomous vehicles, while the goal is simplified and safe road infrastructure. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of the literature for the possible adaptation of road infrastructure intended for autonomous vehicles and to lay the foundation for further research in this area.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Safe corridors"
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Santhya, K. G., A. J. Francis Zavier, Shilpi Rampal i Avishek Hazra. Promoting safe overseas labour migration: Lessons from ASK’s safe migration project in India. Population Council, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2022.1038.
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More than a quarter of all overseas Indians resided in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries in 2020. Migration to Gulf countries is dominated by unskilled and semi-skilled workers who work on a contract basis and who must return home once their contract expires. The Indian government has introduced measures to promote safe overseas migration for work, but labor exploitations in the India-GCC migration corridors are widely documented. The Global Fund to End Modern Slavery (GFEMS) in partnership with the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad) supported the Association for Stimulating Know-how (ASK) in pilot-testing a project to build a safe labor migration ecosystem in source communities in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India. The project established Migrant Resource Centres (MRCs), integrated six intervention activities, and worked with Civil Society Organizations to build their internal systems and resilience to establish, sustain, and effectively run MRCs and provide services. The Population Council in partnership with GFEMS and Norad undertook a community-based quantitative study to assess male migrants’ awareness of and engagement with ASK’s project. The success in improving male migrants’ knowledge about safe migration pathways was also examined.
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Smith, Jijo K., Howell Li i Darcy M. Bullock. Populating SAE J2735 Message Confidence Values for Traffic Signal Transitions Along a Signalized Corridor. Purdue University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317322.
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The communication between connected vehicles and traffic signal controllers is defined in SAE Surface Vehicle Standard J2735. SAE J2735 defines traffic signal status messages and a series of 16 confidence levels for traffic signal transitions. This paper discusses a statistical method for tabulating traffic signal data by phase and time of day and populating the SAE J2735 messages. Graphical representation of the red-green and green-yellow transitions are presented from six intersections along a 4-mile corridor for five different time of day timing plans. The case study provided illustrates the importance of characterizing the stochastic variation of traffic signals to understand locations, phases, and time of day when traffic indications operate with high predictability, and periods when there are large variations in traffic signal change times. Specific cases, such as low vehicle demand and occasional actuation of pedestrian phases are highlighted as situations that may reduce the predictability of traffic signal change intervals. The results from this study also opens up discussion among transportation professionals on the importance of consistent tabulation of confidence values for both beginning and end of green signal states. We believe this paper will initiate dialog on how to consistently tabulate important data elements transmitted in SAE J2735 and perhaps refine those definitions. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of traffic engineers and connected vehicle developers to work together to develop shared visions on traffic signal change characteristics so that the in-vehicle use cases and human-machine interface (HMI) meet user expectations.
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Huijser, Marcel, i S. C. Getty. Modified jump-outs for white-tailed deer and mule deer. Nevada Department of Transportation, wrzesień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2018.2022.
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The height of the jump-outs should be low enough for the target species to readily jump down to the safe side, or the habitat side, of the fence. At the same time, the jump-outs should be high enough to discourage animals that are on the habitat side of the fence from jumping up into the fenced road corridor. Previous research along US Hwy 93 North in Montana showed that only about 32% of the mule deer and about 7% of the white-tailed deer that appeared on top of the jump-outs, jumped down to safety. For this project, 10 of the jump-outs along US Hwy 93 North were lowered in height and provided with a bar on top. The height of the bars (made from rebar) and their setback from the vertical face of the jump-outs was adjustable and the researchers applied 4 different treatments: 2 different heights (18 and 15 inches) and 3 different setbacks (4, 12, and 15 inches). The overall effectiveness of the lowered jump-outs in allowing white-tailed deer to jump down, regardless of the height and setback of the bar, was only just above 5% (no improvement). For mule deer the effectiveness of the lowered jump-outs in allowing them to jump down, regardless of the height and setback of the bar, was about 64% (this was double the effectiveness of non-modified jump-outs).
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Kerr, D. E. Reconnaissance surficial geology, Nose Lake, Nunavut-Northwest Territories, NTS 76-F. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329666.
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The oldest regional ice flow in the Nose Lake map area is southwestward. Subsequent northwestward flow is inferred from streamlined bedrock in central and eastern regions. The final and youngest flow was southwestward in these same regions, recorded by an abundance of streamlined landforms in till blanket and bedrock. The western edge of this late active ice lobe is defined by recessional moraines, part of the Twin Jugs moraine, also marking the eastern limit of a broad band of hummocky till from downwasting ice. During deglaciation, short-lived proglacial lakes, identified by raised beaches and deltas, developed within parts of the river valleys of the Mara (420 to 410 m elevation), Hackett (445 to 395 m), and Storak (440 to 415 m). Lakes also formed west of Nose Lake (490 to 430 m elevation) and in the Contwoyto-Pellatt-Ghurka lake basins (470 to 450 m). Orientation of many eskers, associated subglacial meltwater corridors, and sheet drainage is variable, but can be perpendicular to local ice flow.
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Khalil, James, MaryAnne Iwara i Martine Zeuthen. Journeys through Extremism: The Experiences of Forced Recruits in Boko Haram. RESOLVE Network, wrzesień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/cbags2022.2.
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This case study provides exploratory research into the personal journeys of forced recruits into Boko Haram, to examine how they entered the organization, the conditions they experienced in camps and settlements, their exits from the group, their subsequent experiences in state hands, and their perspectives about future reintegration. These themes are particularly pertinent given the mass disengagements from Boko Haram in spring 2022, and the extent to which federal and state systems lack the capacity to absorb and handle the large numbers involved. Research was undertaken at Operation Safe Corridor (OPSC), a program established in 2016 by the Nigerian state to provide an off-ramp for members of Boko Haram and Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) deemed to be ‘low risk’ by military intelligence. Located at Mallam Sidi on the outskirts of Gombe, the OPSC program houses cohorts of around six hundred clients at any point in time. This report features the findings from thirteen in-depth interviews with participants in the OPSC program to provide important insights into the state-sponsored off-ramp from this group.
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Huijser, M. P., i S. C. Getty. Electrified Barriers Installed on Top of Wildlife Guards to Help Keep Large Wild Mammals Out of a Fenced Road Corridor. Western Transportation Institute, grudzień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/1702675805.
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Most wildlife mitigation measures along highways are aimed at improving human safety, reducing direct wildlife mortality, and providing safe crossing opportunities for wildlife. Fences in combination with wildlife crossing structures are the most effective combination of mitigation measures to achieve these objectives. For fences to reliably reduce collisions with large wild mammals by 80% or more, at least 5 kilometers (3 miles) of road length needs to be fenced, including a buffer zone that extends well beyond the known hotspots for wildlife-vehicle collisions. Collisions that still occur within the fenced road sections tend to be concentrated near the fence-ends. In addition, gaps in fences, including at access roads, can result in concentrations of collisions inside fenced road sections. Gates are commonly used at gaps in the fence at low traffic volume access roads, but they are often left open allowing wildlife to access the road corridor. While cattle guards or wildlife guards can be effective for some ungulate species, double wide cattle or wildlife guards consisting of round bars or bridge grate material, situated above a pit, are generally recommended for ungulates. However, such guards are not a substantial barrier for species with paws, including many carnivore species. Electrified mats or electrified guards can be a barrier for both ungulates and species with paws, but to prevent animals from jumping across the mat, they need to be 4.6-6.6 m (15-22 ft)) wide. For this project, a combination of wildlife guards and electrified barriers on top of these wildlife guards was evaluated. Both electrified mats that were tested (Crosstek and BS Fabrications) on top of existing wildlife guards resulted in a near absolute barrier for both ungulates and species with paws (97.9% barrier for the 2 deer species combined, 100% barrier for coyotes and black bears); an improvement to a wildlife guard only without an electrified mat (89.3% for the 2 deer species combined, 54.5% barrier for coyotes and 45.5% barrier for black bears). Based on the images, there is evidence that a shock is delivered to the animals that touch the electrified mats and that most of the animals respond by returning to the habitat side of the barrier. Specifically for bears, if it was not for the electrified barriers, likely at least 3 black bears and 1 grizzly bear would have crossed into the fenced road corridor where they would have been exposed to vehicles.
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Down, Murray. PR686-203903-R02 Ongoing InSAR Geohazard Monitoring of Pipeline Right-of Ways in the Appalachian Mountains. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), październik 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012178.
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Ground displacement along pipeline corridors has the potential to compromise pipeline integrity. The Appalachian Mountain region is almost entirely classed as high landslide susceptibility by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and crossed by numerous transmission pipelines and gathering lines. In phase I of this research project, 3vGeomatics successfully demonstrated a proof of concept on the effectiveness, reliability, and precision of using L-band ( ) SAR satellites for InSAR displacement monitoring of vegetated areas. The second phase of this project improved operational monitoring utility of long wavelength InSAR by leveraging a two and a half year dataset of long-wavelength satellite radar data with improved product formats to facilitate management of pipeline threats posed by both geohazards and third party encroachment. Potential encroachment threats are highlighted by new object detection capabilities that use the same raw SAR data to produce additional intelligence. As with the previous year's results, these phase-2 InSAR and new object detection results were compared with measurements from other sensors including differential light detection and ranging (LiDAR), visual field inspections, and aerial photographs. This project demonstrated the technological readiness and streamlined product formats delivering actionable intelligence from L-band SAR data for operational monitoring of ground displacement and other hazards over entire pipeline networks and associated infrastructure in vegetated areas. There is a related webinar.
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Niles, John S., i J. M. Pogodzinski. Steps to Supplement Park-and-Ride Public Transit Access with Ride-and-Ride Shuttles. Mineta Transportation Institute, lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1950.
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Public transit ridership in California declined in the five years before the pandemic of 2020–21 and dropped significantly further after the pandemic began. A sharp downward step in the level of transit boarding occurred after February 2020, and continues to the date of this report as a result of the public-health guidance on social distancing, expanded work-at-home, and a travel mode shift from public transit to private cars. A critical issue has come to the foreground of public transportation policy, namely, how to increase the quality and geographic reach of transit service to better serve the essential trips of mobility disadvantaged citizens who do not have access to private vehicle travel. The research focus of this report is an examination of the circumstances where fixed route bus route service could cost-effectively be replaced by on-demand microtransit, with equivalent overall zone-level efficiency and a higher quality of complete trip service. Research methods were reviews of documented agency experience, execution of simple simulations, and sketch-level analysis of 2019 performance reported in the National Transit Database. Available evidence is encouraging and suggestive, but not conclusive. The research found that substitutions of flexible microtransit for fixed route buses are already being piloted across the U.S., with promising performance results. The findings imply that action steps could be taken in California to expand and refine an emphasis on general purpose microtransit in corridors and zones with a relatively high fraction of potential travelers who are mobility disadvantaged, and where traditional bus routes are capturing fewer than 15 boardings per vehicle hour. To be sufficiently productive as fixed route replacements, microtransit service technologies in the same or larger zones need to be capable of achieving vehicle boardings of five per hour, a challenge worth addressing with technology applications. Delivery of microtransit service can be undertaken through contracts with a growing set of private sector firms, which are developing processes to merge general purpose customers with those now assigned to ADA-required paratransit and Medi-Cal-supported non-emergency medical transport.
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Kwon, Jaymin, Yushin Ahn i Steve Chung. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Roadside Transportation Related Air Quality (STARTRAQ) and Neighborhood Characterization. Mineta Transportation Institute, sierpień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2010.
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To promote active transportation modes (such as bike ride and walking), and to create safer communities for easier access to transit, it is essential to provide consolidated data-driven transportation information to the public. The relevant and timely information from data facilitates the improvement of decision-making processes for the establishment of public policy and urban planning for sustainable growth, and for promoting public health in the region. For the characterization of the spatial variation of transportation-emitted air pollution in the Fresno/Clovis neighborhood in California, various species of particulate matters emitted from traffic sources were measured using real-time monitors and GPS loggers at over 100 neighborhood walking routes within 58 census tracts from the previous research, Children’s Health to Air Pollution Study - San Joaquin Valley (CHAPS-SJV). Roadside air pollution data show that PM2.5, black carbon, and PAHs were significantly elevated in the neighborhood walking air samples compared to indoor air or the ambient monitoring station in the Central Fresno area due to the immediate source proximity. The simultaneous parallel measurements in two neighborhoods which are distinctively different areas (High diesel High poverty vs. Low diesel Low poverty) showed that the higher pollution levels were observed when more frequent vehicular activities were occurring around the neighborhoods. Elevated PM2.5 concentrations near the roadways were evident with a high volume of traffic and in regions with more unpaved areas. Neighborhood walking air samples were influenced by immediate roadway traffic conditions, such as encounters with diesel trucks, approaching in close proximity to freeways and/or busy roadways, passing cigarette smokers, and gardening activity. The elevated black carbon concentrations occur near the highway corridors and regions with high diesel traffic and high industry. This project provides consolidated data-driven transportation information to the public including: 1. Transportation-related particle pollution data 2. Spatial analyses of geocoded vehicle emissions 3. Neighborhood characterization for the built environment such as cities, buildings, roads, parks, walkways, etc.
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Road Asset Management Systems and Performance-Based Road Maintenance Contracts in the CAREC Region. Asian Development Bank, grudzień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/spr210451-2.
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This publication explains how the 11 member countries of the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Program can build safer and more competitive transport corridors for people and goods. Providing a comprehensive overview of each country’s road network, the publication identifies how they can better collect and analyze data to bolster road asset management systems and improve planning. It highlights the benefits of sharing best practices and offers tips on how countries can fine-tune their performance-based road maintenance contracts. The publication also shows that by efficiently using budgets, countries can better maintain and manage vital transport arteries to help boost sustainable development in the region.