Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Saccadic eye movements

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Saccadic eye movements”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Saccadic eye movements"

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Krock, Rebecca M., i Tirin Moore. "Visual sensitivity of frontal eye field neurons during the preparation of saccadic eye movements". Journal of Neurophysiology 116, nr 6 (1.12.2016): 2882–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01140.2015.

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Primate vision is continuously disrupted by saccadic eye movements, and yet this disruption goes unperceived. One mechanism thought to reduce perception of this self-generated movement is saccadic suppression, a global loss of visual sensitivity just before, during, and after saccadic eye movements. The frontal eye field (FEF) is a candidate source of neural correlates of saccadic suppression previously observed in visual cortex, because it contributes to the generation of visually guided saccades and modulates visual cortical responses. However, whether the FEF exhibits a perisaccadic reduction in visual sensitivity that could be transmitted to visual cortex is unknown. To determine whether the FEF exhibits a signature of saccadic suppression, we recorded the visual responses of FEF neurons to brief, full-field visual probe stimuli presented during fixation and before onset of saccades directed away from the receptive field in rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta). We measured visual sensitivity during both epochs and found that it declines before saccade onset. Visual sensitivity was significantly reduced in visual but not visuomotor neurons. This reduced sensitivity was also present in visual neurons with no movement-related modulation during visually guided saccades and thus occurred independently from movement-related activity. Across the population of visual neurons, sensitivity began declining ∼80 ms before saccade onset. We also observed a similar presaccadic reduction in sensitivity to isoluminant, chromatic stimuli. Our results demonstrate that the signaling of visual information by FEF neurons is reduced during saccade preparation, and thus these neurons exhibit a signature of saccadic suppression.
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Herdman, Anthony T., i Jennifer D. Ryan. "Spatio-temporal Brain Dynamics Underlying Saccade Execution, Suppression, and Error-related Feedback". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, nr 3 (marzec 2007): 420–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.3.420.

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Human and nonhuman animal research has outlined the neural regions that support saccadic eye movements. The aim of the current work was to outline the sequence by which distinct neural regions come on-line to support goal-directed saccade execution and error-related feedback. To achieve this, we obtained behavioral responses via eye movement recordings and neural responses via magnetoencephalography (MEG), concurrently, while participants performed an antisaccade task. Neural responses were examined with respect to the onset of the saccadic eye movements. Frontal eye field and visual cortex activity distinguished subsequently successful goal-directed saccades from (correct and erroneous) reflexive saccades prior to the deployment of the eye movement. Activity in the same neural regions following the saccadic movement distinguished correct from incorrect saccadic responses. Error-related activity in the frontal eye fields preceded that from visual regions, suggesting a potential feedback network that may drive corrective eye movements. This work provides the first empirical demonstration of simultaneous remote eyetracking and MEG recording. The coupling of behavioral and neuroimaging technologies, used here to characterize dynamic brain networks underlying saccade execution and error-related feedback, demonstrates a novel within-paradigm converging evidence approach by which to outline the neural underpinnings of cognition.
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Havermann, Katharina, Eckart Zimmermann i Markus Lappe. "Eye position effects in saccadic adaptation". Journal of Neurophysiology 106, nr 5 (listopad 2011): 2536–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00023.2011.

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Saccades are used by the visual system to explore visual space with the high accuracy of the fovea. The visual error after the saccade is used to adapt the control of subsequent eye movements of the same amplitude and direction in order to keep saccades accurate. Saccadic adaptation is thus specific to saccade amplitude and direction. In the present study we show that saccadic adaptation is also specific to the initial position of the eye in the orbit. This is useful, because saccades are normally accompanied by head movements and the control of combined head and eye movements depends on eye position. Many parts of the saccadic system contain eye position information. Using the intrasaccadic target step paradigm, we adaptively reduced the amplitude of reactive saccades to a suddenly appearing target at a selective position of the eyes in the orbitae and tested the resulting amplitude changes for the same saccade vector at other starting positions. For central adaptation positions the saccade amplitude reduction transferred completely to eccentric starting positions. However, for adaptation at eccentric starting positions, there was a reduced transfer to saccades from central starting positions or from eccentric starting positions in the opposite hemifield. Thus eye position information modifies the transfer of saccadic amplitude changes in the adaptation of reactive saccades. A gain field mechanism may explain the eye position dependence found.
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Irwin, David E., i Laura A. Carlson-Radvansky. "Cognitive Suppression During Saccadic Eye Movements". Psychological Science 7, nr 2 (marzec 1996): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00334.x.

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Saccadic eye movements are made at least 100,000 times each day It is well known that sensitivity to visual input is suppressed during saccades, we examined whether cognitive activity (specifically, mental rotation) is suppressed as well If cognitive processing occurs during saccades, a prime viewed in one fixation should exert a larger influence on a target viewed in a second fixation when a long rather than a short saccade separates their viewing No such effect was found, even though the time difference between long and short saccades was effective in a no-saccade control These results indicate that at least some cognitive operations are suppressed during saccades
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Maxwell, J. S., i W. M. King. "Dynamics and efficacy of saccade-facilitated vergence eye movements in monkeys". Journal of Neurophysiology 68, nr 4 (1.10.1992): 1248–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.68.4.1248.

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1. Four macaque monkeys were trained to fixate visual targets. Eye movements were recorded binocularly using the search coil technique. Saccades, vergence movements, and combinations of the two were elicited by training the monkeys to alternate the gaze between real visual targets that differed in viewing distance and eccentricity with respect to the monkeys' heads. 2. When they shifted the gaze between targets that were at different viewing distances, the monkeys made vergence eye movements. For targets placed along the midsagittal plane, the monkeys often made binocularly symmetric vergence movements. The peak speed of symmetric divergence movements increased linearly with vergence amplitude by 5.7 deg/s per degree of vergence. The peak speed of symmetric convergence movements increased linearly with vergence amplitude by 7.9 deg/s per degree of vergence. 3. For gaze shifts between targets placed eccentrically with respect to the midsagittal plane and at different viewing distances, the monkeys made saccades in combination with vergence eye movements. When a saccade occurred during a vergence movement, peak vergence eye speed increased abruptly and reached a peak that was proportional to the speed of the saccade. For four monkeys, peak divergence speed ranged from 242 to 315 deg/s and peak convergence speed ranged from 257 to 340 deg/s for 16-deg vergence and 20-deg saccadic eye movements. 4. For gaze shifts between far targets at the same viewing distance but different eccentricities, saccadic eye movements were transiently disjunctive even though there was no vergence requirement. Initially, the eyes diverged and then converged to restore fixation to the correct depth plane. Divergence was followed by convergence regardless of the direction of the saccade. 5. The presence of transient saccade-related disjunctive eye movements suggested that the abrupt increase in peak vergence speed during combined saccadic and vergence eye movements was produced by the linear addition of a vergence eye movement and the saccade-related transients. Consistent with this hypothesis, the rate of change in peak vergence speed during various-sized saccades between far targets (no vergence required) was similar to the rate of change in peak vergence speed during combined saccadic and vergence movements. However, the peak vergence speeds during the combined movements were higher than predicted by the linear addition hypothesis, suggesting the presence of an additional mechanism. 6. The saccade-related increase in peak vergence speed during combined saccades and vergences led to a significant decrease in the amount of time required to complete vergence movements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Van Horn, Marion R., i Kathleen E. Cullen. "Dynamic Coding of Vertical Facilitated Vergence by Premotor Saccadic Burst Neurons". Journal of Neurophysiology 100, nr 4 (październik 2008): 1967–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90580.2008.

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To redirect our gaze in three-dimensional space we frequently combine saccades and vergence. These eye movements, known as disconjugate saccades, are characterized by eyes rotating by different amounts, with markedly different dynamics, and occur whenever gaze is shifted between near and far objects. How the brain ensures the precise control of binocular positioning remains controversial. It has been proposed that the traditionally assumed “conjugate” saccadic premotor pathway does not encode conjugate commands but rather encodes monocular commands for the right or left eye during saccades. Here, we directly test this proposal by recording from the premotor neurons of the horizontal saccade generator during a dissociation task that required a vergence but no horizontal conjugate saccadic command. Specifically, saccadic burst neurons (SBNs) in the paramedian pontine reticular formation were recorded while rhesus monkeys made vertical saccades made between near and far targets. During this task, we first show that peak vergence velocities were enhanced to saccade-like speeds (e.g., >150 vs. <100°/s during saccade-free movements for comparable changes in vergence angle). We then quantified the discharge dynamics of SBNs during these movements and found that the majority of the neurons preferentially encode the velocity of the ipsilateral eye. Notably, a given neuron typically encoded the movement of the same eye during horizontal saccades that were made in depth. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the brain stem saccadic burst generator encodes integrated conjugate and vergence commands, thus providing strong evidence for the proposal that the classic saccadic premotor pathway controls gaze in three-dimensional space.
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Goossens, H. H. L. M., i A. J. Van Opstal. "Blink-Perturbed Saccades in Monkey. I. Behavioral Analysis". Journal of Neurophysiology 83, nr 6 (1.06.2000): 3411–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.83.6.3411.

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Saccadic eye movements are thought to be influenced by blinking through premotor interactions, but it is still unclear how. The present paper describes the properties of blink-associated eye movements and quantifies the effect of reflex blinks on the latencies, metrics, and kinematics of saccades in the monkey. In particular, it is examined to what extent the saccadic system accounts for blink-related perturbations of the saccade trajectory. Trigeminal reflex blinks were elicited near the onset of visually evoked saccades by means of air puffs directed on the eye. Reflex blinks were also evoked during a straight-ahead fixation task. Eye and eyelid movements were measured with the magnetic-induction technique. The data show that saccade latencies were reduced substantially when reflex blinks were evoked prior to the impending visual saccades as if these saccades were triggered by the blink. The evoked blinks also caused profound spatial-temporal perturbations of the saccades. Deflections of the saccade trajectory, usually upward, extended up to ∼15°. Saccade peak velocities were reduced, and a two- to threefold increase in saccade duration was typically observed. In general, these perturbations were largely compensated in saccade mid-flight, despite the absence of visual feedback, yielding near-normal endpoint accuracies. Further analysis revealed that blink-perturbed saccades could not be described as a linear superposition of a pure blink-associated eye movement and an unperturbed saccade. When evoked during straight-ahead fixation, blinks were accompanied by initially upward and slightly abducting eye rotations of ∼2–15°. Back and forth wiggles of the eye were frequently seen; but in many cases the return movement was incomplete. Rather than drifting back to its starting position, the eye then maintained its eccentric orbital position until a downward corrective saccade toward the fixation spot followed. Blink-associated eye movements were quite rapid, albeit slower than saccades, and the velocity-amplitude-duration characteristics of the initial excursions as well as the return movements were approximately linear. These data strongly support the idea that blinks interfere with the saccade premotor circuit, presumably upstream from the neural eye-position integrator. They also indicated that a neural mechanism, rather than passive elastic restoring forces within the oculomotor plant, underlies the compensatory behavior. The tight latency coupling between saccades and blinks is consistent with an inhibition of omnipause neurons by the blink system, suggesting that the observed changes in saccade kinematics arise elsewhere in the saccadic premotor system.
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Lueck, C. J., S. Tanyeri, T. J. Crawford, L. Henderson i C. Kennard. "Saccadic Eye Movements in Parkinson's Disease: I. Delayed Saccades". Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 45, nr 2 (sierpień 1992): 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640749208401324.

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The saccadic eye movements of nine patients with Parkinson's disease were compared to those of nine age-matched controls in two paradigms generating volitional saccades. In both paradigms, subjects had to make delayed saccades to peripheral LED targets: a peripheral target appeared 700 msec before a buzzer sounded, the buzzer being the signal to make a saccade to the target. In the first paradigm (“centre-off”), the fixation target was extinguished simultaneously with buzzer onset. In the second (“centre-remain”) it was not extinguished until 1000 msec later. The results showed that for outward saccades in both paradigms, there was no difference between Parkinsonian patients and controls, but saccadic latencies were significantly shorter in the “centre-remain” paradigm. The initial outward saccades were indistinguishable from the normal, reflex saccades of the same subjects. However, saccades returning to the centre (a type of remembered target saccade) were hypometric and showed multistepping. Both effects were more pronounced in patients with Parkinson's disease. The significance of these findings in terms of current hypotheses about the nature of the Parkinsonian saccadic deficit is discussed.
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Blohm, Gunnar, Marcus Missal i Philippe Lefèvre. "Interaction Between Smooth Anticipation and Saccades During Ocular Orientation in Darkness". Journal of Neurophysiology 89, nr 3 (1.03.2003): 1423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00675.2002.

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A saccade triggered during sustained smooth pursuit is programmed using retinal information about the relative position and velocity of the target with respect to the eye. Thus the smooth pursuit and saccadic systems are coordinated by using common retinal inputs. Yet, in the absence of retinal information about the relative motion of the eye with respect to the target, the question arises whether the smooth and saccadic systems are still able to be coordinated possibly by using extraretinal information to account for the saccadic and smooth eye movements. To address this question, we flashed a target during smooth anticipatory eye movements in darkness, and the subjects were asked to orient their visual axis to the remembered location of the flash. We observed multiple orientation saccades (typically 2–3) toward the memorized location of the flash. The first orienting saccade was programmed using only the position error at the moment of the flash, and the smooth eye movement was ignored. However, subsequent saccades executed in darkness compensated gradually for the smooth eye displacement (mean compensation ≅ 70%). This behavior revealed a 400-ms delay in the time course of orientation for the compensation of the ongoing smooth eye displacement. We conclude that extraretinal information about the smooth motor command is available to the saccadic system in the absence of visual input. There is a 400-ms delay for smooth movement integration, saccade programming and execution.
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King, W. M., S. G. Lisberger i A. F. Fuchs. "Oblique saccadic eye movements of primates". Journal of Neurophysiology 56, nr 3 (1.09.1986): 769–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1986.56.3.769.

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The objective of these experiments was to determine whether the trajectories of the horizontal and vertical components of oblique saccades in primates were coupled. Human and monkey eye movements were recorded during a visual tracking task that jumped a small visible target spot to different locations on a tangent screen. For oblique saccades larger than ca. 3 deg, there was coupling between the horizontal and vertical components so that the duration of the smaller component was longer ("stretched") than would have been expected from its amplitude-duration relationship. The duration of a stretched component of an oblique saccade was linearly related to the vector amplitude of the eye movement but not to the amplitude of the stretched component. Stretched components of oblique saccades had lower peak and average velocities than would have occurred with pure horizontal or vertical saccades of the same size. Decreased component velocity was not caused by low-velocity eye movement components inserted at the beginning or end of the saccade, but was a function of the saccade's direction and component amplitude. For any saccade, there was a linear relationship between peak and average component velocity. We compared the discharge of monkey abducens neurons with the characteristics of the on-direction horizontal components of oblique saccades. The burst duration of an abducens neuron was lengthened when the horizontal component of an oblique saccade was stretched. Intraburst firing frequency was also decreased in correspondence with a decrease in horizontal component velocity. For an oblique saccade, the duration of the neuron's burst was correlated with the duration of the horizontal component and with the vector amplitude of the saccade, but was not correlated with the amplitude of the horizontal component itself. The duration of the smaller component of an oblique saccade was proportional but not always equal to the duration of the larger component. Usually, the smaller component began later and ended earlier than the larger component. These results show that the horizontal and vertical components of oblique saccades are coupled centrally so that the velocity of the smaller component is decreased and its duration is increased. For oblique saccades, larger than ca. 3 deg, amplitude-duration and amplitude-velocity relationships based on pure horizontal or vertical saccade data are not applicable. These findings are discussed in relation to three recently proposed models of coupled saccadic burst generators.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Saccadic eye movements"

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Harwood, Mark Richard. "The Fourier analysis of saccadic eye movements". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407929.

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Notice, Keisha Joy. "Visual working memory and saccadic eye movements". Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2013. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/332975/.

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Saccadic eye movements, produced by the oculomotor system, are used to bring salient information in line with the high resolution fovea. It has been suggested that visual working memory, the cognitive system that temporarily stores and manipulates visual information (Baddeley & Hitch, 1974), is utilised by the oculomotor system in order to maintain saccade programmes across temporal delays (Belopolsky & Theeuwes, 2011). Saccadic eye movements have been found to deviate away from information stored in visual working memory (Theeuwes and colleagues, 2005, 2006). Saccadic deviation away from presented visual stimuli has been associated with top-down suppression (McSorley, Haggard, & Walker, 2006). This thesis examines the extent to which saccade trajectories are influenced by information held in visual working memory. Through a series of experiments behavioural memory data and saccade trajectory data were explored and evidence for visual working memory-oculomotor interaction was found. Other findings included specific interactions with the oculomotor system for the dorsal and ventral pathways as well as evidence for both bottom-up and top-down processing. Evidence of further oculomotor interaction with manual cognitive mechanisms was also illustrated, suggesting that visual working memory does not uniquely interact with the oculomotor system to preserve saccade programmes. The clinical and theoretical implications of this thesis are explored. It is proposed that the oculomotor system may interact with a variety of sensory systems to inform accurate and efficient visual processing.
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Wu, Chao-Yen. "Long-range predictors for saccadic eye movements". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184465.

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To predict the final eye position in the middle of a saccadic eye movement will require long-range prediction. This dissertation investigated techniques for doing this. Many important results about saccadic eye movements and current prediction techinques were reviewed. New prediction techinques have been developed and tested for real saccadic data in computer. Three block processing predictors, two-point linear predictor (TPLP), five-point quadratic predictor (FPQP), and nine-point cubic predictor (NPCP), were derived based on the matrix approach. A different approach to deriving the TPLP, FPQP, and NPCP based on the difference equation was also developed. The difference equation approach is better than the matrix approach because it is not necessary to compute the matrix inversion. Two polynomial predictors: the polynomial-filter predictor 1 (PFP1), which is a linear combination of a TPLP and an FPQP, and the polynomial-filter predictor 2 (PFP2), which is a linear combination of a TPLP, and FPQP, and an NPCP, were also derived. Two recursive predictors: the recursive-least-square (RLS) predictor and the least-mean-square (LMS) predictor, were derived. Results show that the RLS and LMS predictors perform better than TPLP, FPQP, NPCP, PFP1, and PFP2 in the prediction of saccadic eye movements. A mathematical way of verifying the accuracy of the recursive-least-square predictor was developed. This technique also shows that the RLS predictor can be used to identify a signal. Results show that a sinusoidal signal can be described as a second-order difference equation with coefficients 2cosω and -1. In the same way, a cubic signal can be realized as a fourth-order difference equation with coefficients 4, -6, 4, and -1. A parabolic signal can be written as a third-order difference equation with coefficients 3, -3, and 1. And a triangular signal can be described as a second-order difference equation with coefficients 2 and -1. In this dissertation, all predictors were tested with various signals such as saccadic eye movements, ECG, sinusoidal, cubic, triangular, and parabolic signals. The FFT of these signals were studied and analyzed. Computer programs were written in systems language C and run on UNIX supported minicomputer VAX11/750. Results were discussed and compared to that of short-range prediction problems.
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Thurtell, Matthew James. "Effect of eye position on the three-dimensional kinematics of saccadic and vestibular-evoked eye movements". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1665.

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Saccadic and vestibular-evoked eye movements are similar in that their three-dimensional kinematic properties show eye position-dependence. When the line of sight is directed towards an eccentric target, the eye velocity axis tilts in a manner that depends on the instantaneous position of the eye in the head, with the magnitude of tilt also depending on whether the eye movement is saccadic or vestibular-evoked. The mechanism responsible for producing eye velocity axis tilting phenomena is not well understood. Some authorities have suggested that muscle pulleys in the orbit are critical for implementing eye velocity axis tilting, while others have suggested that the cerebellum plays an important role. In the current study, three-dimensional eye and head rotation data were acquired, using the magnetic search coil technique, to confirm the presence of eye position-dependent eye velocity axis tilting during saccadic eye movements. Both normal humans and humans with cerebellar atrophy were studied. While the humans with cerebellar atrophy were noted to have abnormalities in the two-dimensional metrics and consistency of their saccadic eye movements, the eye position-dependent eye velocity axis tilts were similar to those observed in the normal subjects. A mathematical model of the human saccadic and vestibular systems was utilized to investigate the means by which these eye position-dependent properties may arise for both types of eye movement. The predictions of the saccadic model were compared with the saccadic data obtained in the current study, while the predictions of the vestibular model were compared with vestibular-evoked eye movement data obtained in a previous study. The results from the model simulations suggest that the muscle pulleys are responsible for bringing about eye position-dependent eye velocity axis tilting for both saccadic and vestibular-evoked eye movements, and that these phenomena are not centrally programmed.
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Thurtell, Matthew James. "Effect of eye position on the three-dimensional kinematics of saccadic and vestibular-evoked eye movements". Faculty of Medicine, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1665.

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Master of Science in Medicine
Saccadic and vestibular-evoked eye movements are similar in that their three-dimensional kinematic properties show eye position-dependence. When the line of sight is directed towards an eccentric target, the eye velocity axis tilts in a manner that depends on the instantaneous position of the eye in the head, with the magnitude of tilt also depending on whether the eye movement is saccadic or vestibular-evoked. The mechanism responsible for producing eye velocity axis tilting phenomena is not well understood. Some authorities have suggested that muscle pulleys in the orbit are critical for implementing eye velocity axis tilting, while others have suggested that the cerebellum plays an important role. In the current study, three-dimensional eye and head rotation data were acquired, using the magnetic search coil technique, to confirm the presence of eye position-dependent eye velocity axis tilting during saccadic eye movements. Both normal humans and humans with cerebellar atrophy were studied. While the humans with cerebellar atrophy were noted to have abnormalities in the two-dimensional metrics and consistency of their saccadic eye movements, the eye position-dependent eye velocity axis tilts were similar to those observed in the normal subjects. A mathematical model of the human saccadic and vestibular systems was utilized to investigate the means by which these eye position-dependent properties may arise for both types of eye movement. The predictions of the saccadic model were compared with the saccadic data obtained in the current study, while the predictions of the vestibular model were compared with vestibular-evoked eye movement data obtained in a previous study. The results from the model simulations suggest that the muscle pulleys are responsible for bringing about eye position-dependent eye velocity axis tilting for both saccadic and vestibular-evoked eye movements, and that these phenomena are not centrally programmed.
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Richard, Alby-Réal. "The interaction of visual perception and saccadic eye movements". Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123018.

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Primates have evolved to make high velocity, ballistic eye movements called saccades approximately three to five times per second in order to orient the high resolution part of their retina, or fovea, towards objects of interest. While saccades are generally adaptive in most situations, they also present the brain with certain challenges in order maintain a stable perception of the world. With every movement of the visual axis involving the eyes alone or through a combined eye-head gaze shift, the retina is presented with a rapidly changing view of the world. Most observers are not aware of the actual flow of incoming retinal information during a saccade, and instead perceive the world as being stable from one gaze movement to the next. How the brain accomplishes this stability has been referred to as the problem of 'trans-saccadic' perceptual stability. While this problem been pondered for more than a century by philosophers, psychologists, and neuroscientists, there is still no consensus on the precise mechanism by which visual stability is achieved. One way to approach the problem of perceptual stability is to study the way in which visual perception changes around the time of saccades. It is well known that objects briefly presented around the time of saccadic eye movements are not perceived at their veridical location, a phenomenon called perisaccadic mislocalization. Most observers make errors of two types that are predictable and systematic: a translational shift in the direction of the saccade, and compression towards the target location. This later effect, the compression of visual space towards the saccade target, is the primary phenomenon through which this thesis sought to understand the mechanisms responsible for visual stability across saccades. To this end, a series of psychophysical experiments were conducted to explore which signals may be involved in computing where an object was in space around the time of a saccade. In the fist paper, we described a biological framework in which an oculomotor signal encoding the gaze command interacts with a visual signal encoding afferent information. The outcome of this interaction was related to the perceived position of the object presented around the time of the saccade, and this formulation was able to capture both our results in addition to data from outside our laboratory. After successfully modelling the compression effect within a plausible biological framework, the next paper focused on elucidating the nature of the oculomotor signal. We accomplished this by testing observers in a variety of conditions aimed to disambiguate whether the signal was encoding the eye movement alone or the eye-head gaze shift, and found that compression was indeed linked to the eye-head gaze shift. Moreover, the experiments performed allowed us to further describe the parameters involved in modulating the compression effect. With our understanding of the compression effect and the likely biological signals involved, we then used this model to gain an enhanced understanding of how perisaccadic visual perception may be altered in patients with schizophrenia. The final paper examines the postulate that patients with schizophrenia may have an altered corollary discharge signal in the visual pathway for saccadic eye movements. With this study we were able to show that these patients do in fact exhibit qualitative differences in mislocalization compared to controls, and that these are attributable to a noisy corollary discharge that encodes the eye's position in space. This thesis comprises a systematic overview of what signals are involved in maintaining perceptual stability across saccadic eye and head movements. We have been able to investigate these signals through a combination of psychophysical studies and computational modeling. Finally, we used these paradigms to understand how these signaling mechanisms are altered in patients with schizophrenia.
Au cours de l'évolution, les primates ont développé des mouvements oculaires rapides, ou les saccades. Bien que les saccades soient généralement une fonction adaptive, elles engendrent des défis important au près du système visuel qui cherche à maintenir une perception stable sur le monde. À chaque mouvement de l'axe visuel, que ce soit les yeux seuls ou la tête en combinaison avec les yeux, la rétine reçoit une nouvelle image du monde. La majorité des observateurs n'a pas conscience de ce flux important d'information rétinienne discontinue et perçoit plutôt un monde stable d'un regard à l'autre. Ce phénomène de consolidation de l'influx visuel saccadé en une perception stable et fluide du monde est intitulé le problème de la « perception stable trans-saccadique ». Le phénomène de la « perception stable trans-saccadique » peut être étudié par le biais d'une approche scientifique rigoureuse qui se penche sur la manière dont la perception visuelle évolue à travers les mouvements oculaires. Notamment, il a été démontré que les cibles présentées très brièvement lors d'un saccade sont perçu de façon erronée par rapport à leur emplacement spatial véridique, le phénomène des erreurs de localization peri-saccadique (ELPS). Ces erreurs prédictibles et systématiques sont de deux types : le premier est un simple déplacement dans la direction de la saccade ; le deuxième est sous forme de compression vers l'objet cible. Ce dernier type d'erreur, la compression du champ visuelle vers l'objet de la saccade, est le phénomène principal dont cette thèse s'est servi pour étudier les mécanismes qui engendrent la stabilité visuelle lors des saccades. Une série d'expérience psychophysique a donc été réalisée pour explorer les signaux qui entre en jeux lors du jugement spatial de la cible d'une saccade.Dans le premier chapitre, nous avons élucidé un schéma expérimental qui décrit l'interaction d'un signal oculomoteur qui encode le mouvement oculaire avec un signal visuel qui encode la position de la cible. Selon notre formulation, l'issue de cette interaction est directement reliée au positionnement perçu de la cible qui est présentée autour d'une saccade. Ce modèle a reproduit non seulement les résultats de notre laboratoire mais aussi ceux d'un collaborateur extérieur dont nous avons reçus que les données brutes. Suite à ce premier succès, lors du deuxième chapitre nous nous sommes orientés vers la nature même du signal oculomoteur. Nous avons accomplit cette tache en utilisant une variété de conditions expérimentales qui visaient à préciser si le signal visuel encodait le mouvement oculaire seule ou en conjonction avec le mouvement de la tête. Nos résultats ont clairement démontré que le phénomène de compression est en effet lié à la combinaison des mouvements des yeux et de la tête, que la compression était vers le but du regard et non l'objet de la saccade en tant que tel. Ces expériences nous ont aussi permis de décrire plus précisément les paramètres et les conditions qui affectent la compression. Armé de notre compréhension de l'effet de compression ci-haut et de ses signaux biologiques probables, lors du dernier chapitre nous avons employés notre model biologique pour comprendre davantage la manière dont la vision chez les patients atteints de la schizophrénie pourrait être altérée lors des saccades. Plus spécifiquement, nous avons étudié l'hypothèse que la décharge corollaire (DC) des voies optiques pourrait être altérée chez les patients schizophrènes. Nos études ont en effet souligné que lors des saccades, les patients schizophrènes démontrent des différences qualitatives en terme d'erreur de localisation de signal par rapport aux patients du groupe témoin. Le résultat de cette étude à démontrer que le DC dans les schizophrènes était différent que chez les contrôles, et que cette différence était suffisante pour expliquer les différences remarquées dans leur perception visuelle autour des saccades.
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Bracewell, Robert Martyn. "On the posterior parietal cortex and saccadic eye movements". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12958.

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Krantz, John H. "Changes in detectability of direction and motion associated with saccadic eye movements". Gainesville, FL, 1988. http://www.archive.org/details/changesindetecta00kran.

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Klier, Eliana Mira. "Three-dimensional visual-motor geometry of human saccades". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ27359.pdf.

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Doig, Henry Ross. "An investigation of the pre-saccadic spike potential". Thesis, Aston University, 1990. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14625/.

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A large negative spike potential, which is closely related to the onset of saccadic eyemovements, can be recorded from electrodes adjacent to the orbits. This potential, thepresaccadic spike potential, has often been regarded as an artefact related to eyemovement recordings and little work has been performed to establish its normal waveformand parameters. A positive spike potential, exactly coincident with the frontal negativespike, has also been recorded from electrodes positioned over the posterior scalp andthere has been some debate regarding any possible relationship between the twopotentials. The frontal spike potential has been associated with motor unit activity in theextraocular muscles prior to the saccade. This thesis investigates both the large anteriorand smaller posterior spike potentials and relates these recordings to the saccadic eyemovements associated with them. The anterior spike potential has been recorded from normal subjects to ascertain its normallatency and amplitude parameters for both horizontal and vertical saccades. A relationshipbetween saccade size and spike potential amplitude is described, the spike potentialamplitude reducing with smaller saccades. The potential amplitude also reduces withadvancing age. Studying the topographical distribution of the spike potential across thescalp shows the posterior spike activity may arise from potential spread of the larger frontalspike potential. Spike potential recordings from subjects with anomalous eye movements further implicate the extraocular muscles and their innervation in the generation of the spike potential. These recordings indicate that the spike potential may have some use as a clinical recording from patients with disease conditions affecting either their extraocular muscles or the innervational pathways to these muscles. Further recordings of the potential are necessary, however, to determine the exact nature of the changes which may occur with such conditions.
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Książki na temat "Saccadic eye movements"

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Enderle, John D. Models of horizontal eye movements: A 3rd order linear saccade model. San Rafael, Calif. (1537 Fourth Street, San Rafael, CA 94901 USA): Morgan & Claypool, 2010.

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Transsakkadische Informationsverarbeitung im visuellen System: Auswirkungen auf Wahrnehmung und Mustererkennung. Regensburg: S. Roderer, 1993.

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Eizenman, Moshe. Continuity and asymmetry in amplitude-duration relations for normal eye saccades. Toronto: Dept. of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 1986.

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Lücke, Stephan Otto. Über die Wirkung geringer Alkoholdosen auf die sakkadischen Augenbewegungen in Leistungsaufgaben. Aachen: Verlag Shaker, 1993.

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Doma, Hansraj. Aspects of saccadic eye-movements towards or away from photopic, mesopic, or scotopic stimuli. Toronto: University of Toronto, Department of Physiology, 1986.

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1954-, Kuperstein Michael, red. Neural dynamics of adaptive sensory-motor control: Ballistic eye movements. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1986.

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Grossberg, Stephen. Neural dynamics of adaptive sensory-motor control. New York: Pergamon Press, 1989.

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-Ing, Becker Wolfgang Dr, Deubel Heiner i European Conference on Eye Movements (9th : 1997 : Ulm, Germany), red. Current oculomotor research: Physiological and psychological aspects. New York: Plenum Press, 1999.

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H, Wurtz Robert, i Goldberg Michael E, red. The Neurobiology of saccadic eye movements. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1989.

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Saccadic eye movements during space flight. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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Części książek na temat "Saccadic eye movements"

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Tarr, Michael, i Adrian Nestor. "Saccadic Eye Movements". W Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2207–8. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1400.

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Ebner, Natalie C., Desiree Gulliford i Sevilay Yumusak. "Saccadic Eye Movements". W Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_1400-2.

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Ebner, Natalie C., Desiree Gulliford i Sevilay Yumusak. "Saccadic Eye Movements". W Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 3067–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_1400.

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Cabiati, Carlo, Mauro Pastomerlo, Roberto Schmid i Daniela Zambarbieri. "Computer Analysis of Saccadic Eye Movements". W Eye Movements and Psychological Functions, 19–29. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003165538-3.

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Abrams, Richard A. "Planning and Producing Saccadic Eye Movements". W Springer Series in Neuropsychology, 66–88. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2852-3_5.

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Catz, Nicolas, i Peter Thier. "Neural Control of Saccadic Eye Movements". W Neuro-Ophthalmology, 52–75. Basel: KARGER, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000100349.

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Ghahari, Alireza, i John D. Enderle. "2009 Linear Homeomorphic Saccadic Eye Movement Model". W Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, 1–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01661-5_1.

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Aagten-Murphy, David, i Paul M. Bays. "Functions of Memory Across Saccadic Eye Movements". W Processes of Visuospatial Attention and Working Memory, 155–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7854_2018_66.

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Findlay, John M. "Programming of Stimulus-Elicited Saccadic Eye Movements". W Springer Series in Neuropsychology, 8–30. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2852-3_2.

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Enderle, John D. "1995 Linear Homeomorphic Saccadic Eye Movement Model". W Models of Horizontal Eye Movements, Part I, 121–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01642-4_5.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Saccadic eye movements"

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Elsner, Ann E., C. Wall i J. Johnson. "Aging in visual-vestibular interactions". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.wf4.

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To search rapidly for information in a scene, it is critical to make quick, accurate saccadic eye movements. Often, while making these movements, a body or head movement is required. Thus, vestibular and saccadic eye movements must be coordinated. It is known that the vestibular system can change with age; e.g., the gain of the system can decrease with age, particularly at low frequencies. However, the effects on saccadic eye movements are not understood. Using a pseudorandom vestibular stimulus (rotation about the vertical) with frequencies from 0.02 to 1.67 Hz, we have measured (a) the gain and phase of the vestibulo-ocular reflex and (b) saccade parameters. Saccade targets were three red LEDs, positioned in the center and 9° to either side. We recruited five observers, 62–69 years, who had been normal on a battery of vestibular tests 2 years prior. There was a slight loss of low frequency relative to high frequency gain, but this trend was not significant. However, the average number of saccade errors doubled while rotating vs remaining stationary. Most errors during rotation were (a) single or multistep saccades of less than half-amplitude or (b) slow eye movements.
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Zelinsky, Greg J., i Heinrich H. Bülthoff. "Hypothesis testing in the planning of saccadic eye movements". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.mqq10.

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Recent computer models of active vision adopt the broad categories of stimulus-driven and concept-driven eye movements to control the saccade-like movements of their cameras. Although low-level target selection may be accomplished by assigning priorities to areas on a saliency map, the question of how high-level feedback might influence saccadic movements is open to debate. One widely recognized solution to this problem defines this top-down input in terms of a hypothesistesting strategy. According to this model, foveal information and peripheral information are combined to suggest various hypothetical descriptions of a scene. Saccadic movements would then be used to confirm or reject the most likely of these hypotheses. An experiment was conducted to determine under what conditions a hypothesis-testing scheme is used and at what stage such information becomes available to the human occulomotor system. Subjects were asked to discriminate among four similar patterns while their eye movements were recorded by a two-dimensional binocular eye-tracker. The initial saccade made to each pattern was then used to determine if and when targets providing disambiguating information were preferred over targets providing only redundant information. This paradigm permits a systematic study of these top-down influences on the planning of saccades and may have implications for models of active vision.
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Teran, O., i E. Suaste. "Active electronic model for saccadic eye movements". W 2009 Pan American Health Care Exchanges. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pahce.2009.5158353.

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Rato, R. Tello, L. Brito Palma i A. Guimaraes Batista. "Empirical models for horizontal saccadic eye movements". W 2014 7th International Conference on Human System Interactions (HSI). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hsi.2014.6860450.

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Lopez, Alberto, Francisco Javier Ferrero, Saeed Mian Qaisar i Octavian Postolache. "Gaussian Mixture Model of Saccadic Eye Movements". W 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memea54994.2022.9856404.

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Terán, O., i E. Suaste. "Electronic active model for saccadic eye movements". W BIOMED 2009. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/bio090201.

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Bozkir, Efe, Gjergji Kasneci, Sonja Utz i Enkelejda Kasneci. "Regressive Saccadic Eye Movements on Fake News". W ETRA '22: 2022 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3517031.3529619.

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Modareszadeh, Amirreza, Omid Abouali i Alireza Ghaffariyeh. "CFD Analysis of Nano-Drug Transport in Vitreous Cavity due to Saccadic Eye Movements". W ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2011-58251.

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In the present research, the motion of the nano-drug in the vitreous chamber of human eye due to saccadic movements in post-vitrectomy eyes is investigated. The average radius of the vitreous cavity in human eye is equal to 12 mm. This cavity is filled with a liquid in post-vitrectomy eyes. A dynamic mesh technique was performed to model the eye motion. The unsteady 3-D forms of continuity, Navier-Stokes and concentrations of nano-drug equations were solved numerically. The numerical model was validated comparing the results of the flow field with available analytic solutions and experimental data for a sphere as an ideal model of vitreous chamber which a very close agreement was achieved. Then, the numerical simulation was performed to a real model of vitreous cavity filled with BSS (Balanced salt solution). The convection and diffusion of nano-drug in the filling fluids of post-vitrectomy eyes is computed and the results are compared with the diffusion of the nano-drug in the stagnant vitreous. The comparison depicts that the saccade movements of human eye accelerate the drug motion one to two orders of magnitude higher than that due to diffusion in stagnant vitreous chamber.
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Tauscher, Jan-Philipp, Fabian Wolf Schottky, Steve Grogorick, Marcus Magnor i Maryam Mustafa. "Analysis of neural correlates of saccadic eye movements". W SAP '18: ACM Symposium on Applied Perception 2018. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3225153.3225164.

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Swain, Michael J. "Low-resolution cues for guiding saccadic eye movements". W Robotics - DL tentative, redaktor Paul S. Schenker. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.57942.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Saccadic eye movements"

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Baker, Laura, Robert Goldstein i John A. Stern. Saccadic Eye Movements in Deception. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, grudzień 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada304658.

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